[Title 7 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - January 1, 1997 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]


          7



          Agriculture



[[Page i]]

          PARTS 53 TO 209

          Revised as of January 1, 1997
          CONTAINING
          A CODIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS
          OF GENERAL APPLICABILITY
          AND FUTURE EFFECT

          AS OF JANUARY 1, 1997
          With Ancillaries
          Published by
          the Office of the Federal Register
          National Archives and Records
          Administration

          as a Special Edition of
          the Federal Register



[[Page ii]]

                                      




                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                            WASHINGTON : 1997



               For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office
 Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328



[[Page iii]]




                            Table of Contents



                                                                    Page
  Explanation.................................................       v

  Title 7:
      Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                                                                                Agriculture--Continued:

          Chapter I--Agricultural Marketing Service 
          (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), 
          Department of Agriculture (Continued)                      1
  Finding Aids:
    Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference..........     439
    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters..........................     441
    Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR........     457
    List of CFR Sections Affected.............................     467

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                                  ----------------------------------------------------------                    

  Cite this Code:  CFR                                                         
                                                                                                                
  To cite the regulations in this volume use title, part                       
  and section number. Thus, 7 CFR 53.1 refers to title 7,                     
  part 53, section 1.                                                         
                                  ----------------------------------------------------------                    
                                                                                                                


[[Page v]]

                               EXPLANATION

    The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and 
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive 
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided 
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal 
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the 
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into 
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
    Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year 
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:

Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1
    The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each 
volume.

LEGAL STATUS

    The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially 
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie 
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).

HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS

    The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual 
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used 
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
    To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its 
revision date (in this case, January 1, 1997), consult the ``List of CFR 
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative 
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of 
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal 
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.

EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES

    Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal 
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source 
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page 
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication 
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be 
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In 
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the 
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In 
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register 
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be 
inserted following the text.

OMB CONTROL NUMBERS

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires 
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information 
collection request.

[[Page vi]]

Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as 
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are 
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting 
requirements.

OBSOLETE PROVISIONS

    Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on 
the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text 
of provisions in effect on a given date in the past by using the 
appropriate numerical list of sections affected. For the period before 
January 1, 1986, consult either the List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-
1963, 1964-1972, or 1973-1985, published in seven separate volumes. For 
the period beginning January 1, 1986, a ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

    What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was 
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the 
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring 
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be 
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal 
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as 
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)). 
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force 
of law.
    What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the 
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when 
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which 
approval is based are:
    (a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of 
material published in the Federal Register.
    (b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent 
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative 
process.
    (c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for 
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
    Properly approved incorporations by reference in this volume are 
listed in the Finding Aids at the end of this volume.
    What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If 
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed in 
the Finding Aids of this volume as an approved incorporation by 
reference, please contact the agency that issued the regulation 
containing that incorporation. If, after contacting the agency, you find 
the material is not available, please notify the Director of the Federal 
Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC 
20408, or call (202) 523-4534.

CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES

    A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a 
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index 
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Statutory 
Authorities and Agency Rules (Table I), and Acts Requiring Publication 
in the Federal Register (Table II). A list of CFR titles, chapters, and 
parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are 
also included in this volume.
    An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within 
that volume.
    The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form. 
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in 
the daily Federal Register.

[[Page vii]]

    A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to 
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.

REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL

    There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing 
in the Code of Federal Regulations.

INQUIRIES

    For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this 
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at 
the top of odd-numbered pages.
    For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-523-5227 
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National 
Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408.
SALES

    The Government Printing Office (GPO) processes all sales and 
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Customer Service call 202-512-1803.

                              Richard L. Claypoole,
                                    Director,
                          Office of the Federal Register.

January 1, 1997.



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                               THIS TITLE

    Title 7--Agriculture is composed of fifteen volumes. The parts in 
these volumes are arranged in the following order: parts 0-26, 27-52, 
53-209, 210-299, 300-399, 400-699, 700-899, 900-999, 1000-1199, 1200-
1499, 1500-1899, 1900-1939, 1940-1949, 1950-1999, and part 2000 to end. 
The contents of these volumes represent all current regulations codified 
under this title of the CFR as of January 1, 1997.

    The Food and Consumer Service current regulations in the volume 
containing parts 210-299, include the Child Nutrition Programs and the 
Food Stamp Program. The regulations of the Federal Crop Insurance 
Corporation are found in the volume containing parts 400-699.

    All marketing agreements and orders for fruits, vegetables and nuts 
appear in the one volume containing parts 900-999. All marketing 
agreements and orders for milk appear in the volume containing parts 
1000-1199. Part 900--General Regulations is carried as a note in the 
volume containing parts 1000-1199, as a convenience to the user.

    Redesignation tables appear in the Finding Aids section of the 
volumes containing parts 210-299 and parts 1500-1899.

    For this volume, Brian Swidal was Chief Editor. The Code of Federal 
Regulations publication program is under the direction of Frances D. 
McDonald, assisted by Alomha S. Morris.

[[Page x]]



 
[[Page 1]]



                          TITLE 7--AGRICULTURE




                  (This book contains parts 53 to 209)

SUBTITLE B--Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued):

                                                                    Part
Chapter i--Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
  Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
  Agriculture (Continued)...................................          53

[[Page 3]]

  Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued)

[[Page 5]]



CHAPTER I--AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE\1\ (STANDARDS, INSPECTIONS, MARKETING PRACTICES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED)



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  \1\Including matters within the responsibilities of the Federal Grain 
Inspection Service.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

  --------------------------------------------------------------------

SUBCHAPTER C--REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946--(CONTINUED)

Part                                                                Page
53              Livestock (grading, certification, and 
                    standards)..............................           7
54              Meats, prepared meats, and meat products 
                    (grading, certification, and standards).          22
55              Voluntary inspection of egg products and 
                    grading.................................          54
56              Grading of shell eggs and U.S. standards, 
                    grades, and weight classes for shell 
                    eggs....................................          70
58              Grading and inspection, general 
                    specifications for approved plants and 
                    standards for grades of dairy products..          89
59              Inspection of eggs and egg products (Egg 
                    Products Inspection Act)................         177
60        [Reserved]
61              Cottonseed sold or offered for sale for 
                    crushing purposes (inspection, sampling 
                    and certification)......................         225
70              Voluntary grading of poultry products and 
                    rabbit products and U.S. classes, 
                    standards, and grades...................         231
75              Regulations for inspection and certification 
                    of quality of agricultural and vegetable 
                    seeds...................................         249
         SUBCHAPTER D--EXPORT AND DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION PROGRAMS
80              Fresh Irish potatoes........................         257
81        [Reserved]
           SUBCHAPTER E--COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS
90              Introduction................................         260

[[Page 6]]

91              Services and general information............         262
92              Tobacco.....................................         277
93              Processed fruits and vegetables.............         280
94              Poultry and egg products....................         283
95        [Reserved]
96              Cottonseed sold or offered for sale for 
                    crushing purposes (Chemical Analysis and 
                    United States Official Grade 
                    Certification)..........................         287
97              Plant variety and protection................         294
98              Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MRE's), meats, and meat 
                    products................................         313
99-109    [Reserved]
110             Recordkeeping on restricted use pesticides 
                    by certified applicators; surveys and 
                    reports.................................
111-159   [Reserved]                                                 316
                       SUBCHAPTER F--NAVAL STORES
160             Regulations and standards for naval stores..         328
                       SUBCHAPTERS G-H--[RESERVED]
                     SUBCHAPTER K--FEDERAL SEED ACT
201             Federal Seed Act regulations................         346
202             Federal Seed Act rules of practice..........         432
203-209   [Reserved]
       SUBCHAPTER L--REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO PURCHASES [RESERVED]

[[Page 7]]



SUBCHAPTER C--REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946--(Continued)





PART 53--LIVESTOCK (GRADING, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS)--Table of Contents




                         Subpart A--Regulations

                               Definitions

Sec.
53.1  Meaning of words.
53.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing 
          Act.

                             Administration

53.3  Authority.

                                 Service

53.4  Kind of service.
53.5  Availability of service.
53.8  How to obtain service.
53.9  Order of furnishing service.
53.10  When request for service deemed made.
53.11  Withdrawal of application or request for service.
53.12  Authority of agent.
53.13  Denial or withdrawal of service.
53.14  Financial interest of official grader.
53.15  Accessibility to livestock.
53.16  Official certificates.
53.17  Advance information concerning service rendered.

                           Charges for Service

53.18  Fees and other charges for service.
53.19  Payment of fees and other charges.

                              Miscellaneous

53.20  Identification.
53.21  Errors in service.

                          Subpart B--Standards

                                 Cattle

53.201  Cattle.
53.202  Classes of slaughter and feeder cattle.
53.203  Application of standards for grades of slaughter cattle.
53.204  Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of 
          slaughter steers, heifers, and cows (quality).
53.205  Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of 
          slaughter bullocks (quality).
53.206  Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of 
          slaughter cattle (yield).

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.

    Source: 42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A--Regulations

                               Definitions



Sec. 53.1   Meaning of words.

    Words used in this subpart in the singular form shall be deemed to 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. For the 
purposes of such regulations, unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean:
    Acceptance service. The service established and conducted under the 
regulations for the determination and certification or other 
identification of the compliance of livestock with specifications.
    Act. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (Title II of the act of 
Congress approved August 14, 1946, 60 Stat. 1087, as amended by Pub. L. 
272, 84th Cong., 69 Stat. 553, 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627).
    Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, or any officer or employee of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Agricultural Marketing Service. The Agricultural Marketing Service 
of the Department.
    Applicant. Any person who has applied for service under the 
regulations.
    Branch. The Livestock Market News Branch of the Division.
    Chief. The Chief of the Branch, or any officer or employee of the 
Branch to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Class. A subdivision of livestock based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same kind 
of species.
    Compliance. Conformity of livestock to the specifications under 
which the

[[Page 8]]

livestock was purchased or sold, with particular reference to the 
weight, quality or other characterics of livestock.
    Cooperative agreement. A cooperative agreement between the 
Agricultural Marketing Service and another Federal agency or a State 
agency, or other agency, organization or person as specified in the 
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as amended, for conducting the 
service.
    Department. The United States Department of Agriculture.
    Director. The Director of the Division or any officer or employee of 
the Division to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Division. Livestock, Poultry, Grain and Seed Division.
    Financially interested person. Any person having a financial 
interest in the livestock involved, including but not limited to the 
shipper, receiver, producer, seller, buyer, or carrier of the livestock 
or products.
    Grade. (1) As a noun, this term means an important commercial 
subdivision of livestock based on certain definite and preference 
determining factors, such as, but not limited to, conformation, finish, 
and muscling in livestock.
    (2) As a verb, this term means to determine the class, grade, or 
other quality of livestock according to applicable standards for such 
livestock in subpart B of this part.
    Grading service. The service established and conducted under the 
regulations for the determination and certification or other 
identification of the class, grade, or other quality of livestock under 
standards.
    Legal holiday. Those days designated as legal public holidays in 
title 5, United States Code, section 6103(a).
    Livestock. Cattle, sheep, swine, or goats.
    Official grader. An employee of the Department or other person 
authorized by the Department to determine and certify or otherwise 
identify the class, grade, other quality, or compliance of livestock 
under the regulations.
    Person. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or other legal 
entity, or Government agency.
    Regulations. The regulations in this subpart.
    Service. Grading service or acceptance service.
    Specifications. Description with respect to the class, grade, other 
quality, quantity or condition of livestock approved by the 
Administrator, and available for use by the industry regardless of the 
origin of the descriptions.
    Standards. The standards of the Department contained in subpart B of 
this part.
    Supervisor. An official person designated by the Director or Chief 
to supervise and maintain uniformity and accuracy of service under the 
regulations.



Sec. 53.2   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks or other identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the inspection or grading of 
agricultural products under said section. For the purposes of said 
subsection and the provisions in this part, the terms listed below shall 
have the respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, including that prescribed in Sec. 53.16, used under 
the regulations to certify with respect to the inspection, class, grade, 
quality, size, quantity, or condition of livestock with applicable 
specifications.
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading, determining compliance, 
or inspecting, pursuant to the regulations, any processing or plant-
operation report made by an authorized person in connection with 
grading, determining compliance, inspecting, or sampling under the 
regulations, and

[[Page 9]]

any report made by an authorized person of services performed pursuant 
to the regulations.
    (c) Official mark or other official identification means any form of 
mark or other identification, used under the regulations in marking 
livestock thereof, to show inspection, class, grade, quality, size, 
quantity, or condition of the livestock (including the compliance of 
livestock with applicable specifications), or to maintain the identity 
of livestock for which service is provided under the regulations.

                             Administration



Sec. 53.3   Authority.

    The Director is charged with the administration of the regulations 
and the Act insofar as they relate to livestock.

                                 Service



Sec. 53.4   Kind of service.

    Grading service under the regulations shall consist of the 
determination and certification and other identification, upon request 
by the applicant, of the class, grade, or other quality of livestock 
under applicable standards in subpart B of this part. Class, grade and 
other quality may be determined under said standards for livestock. 
Acceptance service under the regulations shall consist of the 
determination of the conformity of livestock to specifications approved 
by the Director or Chief and the certification and other identification 
of such livestock in accordance with specifications, upon request by the 
applicant.



Sec. 53.5   Availability of service.

    Service under these regulations may be made available with respect 
to livestock shipped or received in interstate commerce, and with 
respect to the livestock not so shipped or received if the Director or 
Chief determines that the furnishing of service for such livestock would 
facilitate the marketing, distribution, processing, or utilization of 
agricultural products through commercial channels. Also, such service 
may be made available under a cooperative agreement. Service under these 
regulations shall be provided without discrimination as to race, color, 
sex, creed, or national origin.



Sec. 53.8   How to obtain service.

    (a) Application. Any person may apply to the Director or Chief for 
service under the regulations with respect to livestock in which the 
applicant is financially interested. The application shall be made on a 
form approved by the Director.
    (b) Notice of eligibility for service. The applicant for service 
will be notified whether his application is approved.
    (c) Request by applicant for service-- (1) Noncommitment. Upon 
notification of the approval on an application for service, the 
applicant may, from time to time as desired, make oral or written 
requests for service under the regulations with respect to specific 
livestock for which the service is to be furnished under such 
application. Such requests shall be made at a market news office either 
directly or through any employee of the Agricultural Marketing Service 
who may be designated for such purposes.



Sec. 53.9   Order of furnishing service.

    Service under the regulations shall be furnished to applicants in 
the order in which requests therefor are received, insofar as consistent 
with good management, efficiency and economy. Precedence will be given, 
when necessary, to requests made by any government agency or any regular 
user of the service.



Sec. 53.10   When request for service deemed made.

    A request for service under the regulations shall be deemed to be 
made when received by a market news office. Records showing the date and 
time of the request shall be made and kept in such office.



Sec. 53.11   Withdrawal of application or request for service.

    An application or a request for service under the regulations may be 
withdrawn by the applicant at any time before the application is 
approved or prior to performance of service, upon payment, in accordance 
with Secs. 53.18

[[Page 10]]

and 53.19, of any expenses already incurred by the Agricultural 
Marketing Service in connection therewith.



Sec. 53.12   Authority of agent.

    Proof of the authority of any person making an application or a 
request for service under the regulations on behalf of any other person 
may be required at the discretion of the Director or Chief or the 
official in charge of the market news office or other employee receiving 
the application or request under Sec. 53.8.



Sec. 53.13   Denial or withdrawal of service.

    (a) For misconduct--(1) Bases for denial or withdrawal. An 
application or a request for service may be rejected, or the benefits of 
the service may be otherwise denied to, or withdrawn from, any person 
who, or whose employee or agent in the scope of his employment or 
agency: (i) Has willfully made any misrepresentation or has committed 
any other fraudulent or deceptive practice in connection with any 
application or request for service under the regulations; (ii) has given 
or attempted to give, as a loan or for any other purpose, any money, 
favor, or other thing of value, to any employee of the Department 
authorized to perform any function under the regulations; (iii) has 
interfered with or obstructed, or attempted to interfere with or to 
obstruct, any employee of the Department in the performance of his 
duties under the regulations by intimidation, threats, assaults, abuse, 
or any other improper means; (iv) has knowingly falsely made, issued, 
altered, forged, or counterfeited any official certificate, memorandum, 
mark, or other identification; (v) has knowingly uttered, published, or 
used as true any such falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or 
counterfeited certificate, memorandum, mark, identification, or device; 
(vi) has knowingly obtained or retained possession of any such falsely 
made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited certificate, memorandum, 
mark, identification, or device, or of any livestock bearing any such 
falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited mark or 
identification; or (vii) has in any manner not specified in this 
paragraph violated subsection 203(h) of the Act: Provided, That 
paragraph (a)(1)(vi) of this section shall not be deemed to be violated 
if the person in possession of any item mentioned therein notifies the 
Director or Chief without delay that he has possession of such item and, 
surrenders it to the Director or Chief or destroys it or brings it into 
compliance with the regulations by obliterating or removing the 
violative features under supervision of the Director or Chief: And 
provided, further, That paragraph (a) (1) (ii) through (vi) of this 
section shall not be deemed to be violated by any act committed by any 
person prior to the making of an application for service under the 
regulations by the principal person. An application or a request for 
service may be rejected, or the benefits of the service may be otherwise 
denied to, or withdrawn from, any person who, or whose employee or agent 
in the scope of his employment or agency, has committed any of the 
offenses specified in paragraph (a)(1) (i) through (vii) of this section 
after such application was made. Moreover, an application or a request 
for service made in the name of a person otherwise eligible for service 
under the regulations may be rejected, or the benefits of the service 
may be otherwise denied to, or withdrawn from, such a person (a) in case 
the service is or would be performed at an establishment operated (1) by 
a corporation, partnership, or other person from whom the benefits of 
the service are currently being withheld under this paragraph, or (2) by 
a corporation, partnership, or other person having an officer, director, 
partner, or substantial investor from whom the benefits of the service 
are currently being withheld and who has any authority with respect to 
the establishment where service is or would be performed, or (b) in case 
the service is or would be performed with respect to any livestock in 
which any corporation, partnership, or other person within paragraph 
(a)(1)(vii)(a)(1) of this section has a contract or other financial 
interest.
    (2) Procedure. All cases arising under this paragraph shall be 
conducted in accordance with the Rules of Practice Governing Formal 
Adjudicatory Proceedings Instituted by the Secretary Under Various 
Statutes set forth in

[[Page 11]]

Sec. Sec. 1.130 through 1.151 of this title and the Supplemental Rules 
of Practice in part 50 of this chapter.
    (b) For miscellaneous reasons. An application or a request for 
service may be rejected, or the benefits of the service may be otherwise 
denied to, or withdrawn from, any person, without a hearing, by the 
official in charge of the appropriate market news office with the 
concurrence of the Director or Chief: (1) For administrative reasons 
such as the nonavailability of personnel to perform the service; (2) for 
the failure to pay for service; (3) for other noncompliance with the 
conditions on which service is available as provided in the regulations, 
except matters covered by paragraph (a) of this section; or (4) in case 
the person is a partnership, corporation, or other person from whom the 
benefits of the service are currently being withheld under paragraph (a) 
of this section. Notice of such denial or withdrawal, and the reasons 
therefor, shall promptly be given to the person involved.
    (c) Filing of records. The final orders in formal proceedings under 
paragraph (a) of this section to deny or withdraw the service under the 
regulations (except orders required for good cause to be held 
confidential and not cited as precedents) and other records in such 
proceedings (except those required for good cause to be held 
confidential) shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk and shall be 
available for inspection by persons having a proper interest therein.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 60 FR 8464, Feb. 14, 1995]



Sec. 53.14  Financial interest of official grader.

    No official grader shall grade or determine compliance of any 
livestock in which he or any of his relatives by blood or marriage is 
directly or indirectly financially interested.



Sec. 53.15   Accessibility to livestock.

    (a) The applicant shall cause livestock, with respect to which 
service is requested, to be made easily accessible for examination and 
to be so placed, with adequate illuminating facilities, as to disclose 
their class, grade, other quality, and compliance. Supervisors and other 
employees of the Department responsible for maintaining uniformity and 
accuracy of service under the regulations shall have access to all parts 
of establishments covered by approved applications for service under the 
regulations, for the purpose of examining all livestock in the 
establishments which have been or are to be graded or examined for 
compliance with specifications.
    (b) [Reserved].



Sec. 53.16   Official certificates.

    (a) Required; exception. The official grader shall prepare, sign, 
and issue a livestock acceptance certificate covering livestock for 
which compliance has been determined.
    (b) Where weight is certified, the word ``Not'' shall be deleted 
from the phrases ``Weights Not Verified.''
    (c) Distribution. The original certificate, and not to exceed two 
copies, shall be delivered or mailed to the applicant or other person 
designated by him. The remaining copies shall be forwarded as required 
by agency, division, and branch instructions. Additional copies will be 
furnished to any person financially interested in livestock involved 
with the concurrence of the applicant and upon payment of fees, as 
provided in Sec. 53.18(d).



Sec. 53.17   Advance information concerning service rendered.

    Upon request of any applicant, all or any part of the contents of 
any certificate issued to him under the regulations, or other 
notification concerning the determination of class, grade, other 
quality, or compliance of livestock for such applicant may be 
transmitted by telegraph or telephone to him, or to any person 
designated by him, at his expense.

                           Charges for Service



Sec. 53.18  Fees and other charges for service.

    Fees and other charges equal as nearly as may be to the cost of the 
services rendered shall be assessed and collected from applicants in 
accordance with the following provisions unless otherwise provided in 
the cooperative agreement under which the services are furnished, or as 
provided in Sec. 53.8.

[[Page 12]]

    (a) Fees based on hourly rates. Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, fees for service shall be based on the time required to render 
the service, calculated to the nearest 15-minute period, including time 
required for the preparation of certificates and travel of the official 
grader in connection with the performance of service. A minimum charge 
for 1 hour shall be made for service pursuant to each request 
notwithstanding that the time required to perform service may be less 
than 60 minutes. The base hourly rate shall be $29.40 per hour for work 
performed between the hours of 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except on legal holidays; $32.80 per hour for work performed before 6 
a.m. or after 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, and anytime Saturday or 
Sunday except on legal holidays; and $58.80 per hour for all work 
performed on legal holidays.
    (b) Travel charges. When service is requested at a place so distant 
from an official grader's headquarters, or place of prior assignment on 
a circuitous routing that a total of one-half hour or more is required 
for the grader to travel to such place and back to the headquarters, or 
to the next place of assignment on a circuitous routing, the charge for 
such service shall include a mileage charge administratively determined 
by the Chief, and travel tolls, if applicable, for such travel prorated 
against all the applicants furnished the service involved on an 
equitable basis, or where the travel is made by public transportation 
(including hired vehicle), a fee equal to the actual cost thereof. 
However, the applicant will not be charged a new mileage rate without 
notification before the service is rendered.
    (c) Per diem charges. When service is requested at a place away from 
the official grader's headquarters, the fee for such service shall 
include a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid 
per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations. Per diem 
charges to applicants will cover the same period of time for which the 
grader receives per diem reimbursement. The per diem rate will be 
administratively determined by the Chief. However, the applicant will 
not be charged a new per diem rate without notification before the 
service is rendered.
    (d) Fees for extra copies of certificates. In addition to copies of 
certificates furnished under Sec. 53.16, any financially interested 
person may obtain not to exceed three copies of any such certificate 
within 1 year from its date of issuance upon payment of a fee of $1.00, 
and not to exceed three copies of any such certificate at any time 
thereafter, while a copy of such certificate is on file in the 
Department, upon payment of a fee of $5.00.
    (e) Other charges. When costs, other than costs specified in 
paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section, are involved in 
providing the services, the applicant will be charged for these costs. 
The amount of these charges will be determined administratively by the 
Chief. However, the applicant will not be charged for such cost without 
notification before the service is rendered of the charge for such item 
of expense.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 47 FR 54927, Dec. 7, 1982; 48 
FR 16874, Apr. 20, 1983]



Sec. 53.19   Payment of fees and other charges.

    Fees and other charges for service shall be paid in accordance with 
the following provisions unless otherwise provided in the cooperative 
agreement under which the service is furnished. Upon receipt of billing 
for fees and other charges for service the applicant shall remit by 
check, draft, or money order, made payable to the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, U.S.D.A., payment for the service in accordance with directions 
on the billing, and such fees and charges shall be paid in advance if 
required by the official grader or other authorized official.

                              Miscellaneous



Sec. 53.20   Identification.

    All official graders and supervisors shall have their Agricultural 
Marketing Service identification cards in their possession at all times 
while they are performing any function under the regulations and shall 
identify themselves by such cards upon request.

[[Page 13]]



Sec. 53.21   Errors in service.

    When an official grader, supervisor, or other responsible employee 
of the Branch has evidence of misgrading, or of incorrect certification 
or other incorrect determination or identification as to the class, 
grade, other quality, or compliance of livestock, he shall report the 
matter to his immediate supervisor. The supervisor will investigate the 
matter and, if he deems advisable, will report it to the owner or his 
agent. The supervisor shall take appropriate action to correct errors 
found in the determination or identification of class, grade or other 
quality or compliance of livestock if the livestock is still owned by 
the person who owned them when, and are still located at the 
establishment where, the incorrect service was rendered and if such 
service was rendered by a grader under the jurisdiction of such 
supervisor, and the supervisor shall take adequate measures to prevent 
the recurrence of such errors.



                          Subpart B--Standards

                                 Cattle



Sec. 53.201   Cattle.

    The official standards for live cattle developed by the United 
States Department of Agriculture provide for segregation first according 
to use--slaughter and feeder--then as to class, which is determined by 
sex condition, and then as to grade, which is determined by the apparent 
relative excellence and desirability of the animal for its particular 
use. Differentiation between slaughter and feeder cattle is based solely 
on their intended use rather than on specific identifiable 
characteristics of the cattle. Slaughter cattle are those which are 
intended for slaughter immediately or in the very near future. Feeder 
cattle are those which are intended for slaughter after a period of 
feeding. However, under some economic conditions specific kinds of 
cattle may be considered as feeders whereas under other economic 
conditions they might be considered as slaughter cattle.



Sec. 53.202   Classes of slaughter and feeder cattle.

    The classes of slaughter and feeder cattle are steers, bullocks, 
bulls, heifers, and cows. Definitions of the respective classes are as 
follows:
    (a) Steer. A steer is a male bovine castrated when young and which 
has not begun to develop the secondary physical characteristics of a 
bull.
    (b) Bullock. A bullock is a young (under approximately 24 months of 
age) male bovine (castrated or uncastrated) that has developed or begun 
to develop the secondary physical characteristics of a bull.
    (c) Bull. A bull is a mature (approximately 24 months of age or 
older) uncastrated, male bovine. However, for the purpose of these 
standards, any mature, castrated, male bovine which has developed or 
begun to develop the secondary physical characteristics of an 
uncastrated male also will be considered a bull.
    (d) Cow. A cow is a female bovine that has developed through 
reproduction or with age, the relatively prominent hips, large middle, 
and other physical characteristics typical of mature females.
    (e) Heifer. A heifer is an immature female bovine that has not 
developed the physical characteristics typical of cows.



Sec. 53.203   Application of standards for grades of slaughter cattle.

    (a) General. Grades of slaughter cattle are intended to be directly 
related to the grades of the carcasses they produce. To accomplish this, 
these slaughter cattle grade standards are based on factors which are 
related to the grades of beef carcasses. The quality and yield grade 
standards are contained in separate sections of the standards. The 
quality grade standards are further divided into two sections applicable 
to: (1) Steers, heifers, and cows and (2) bullocks. Eight quality 
designations--Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, Commercial, Utility, 
Cutter, and Canner--are applicable to steers and heifers. Except for 
Prime, the same designations also apply to cows. The quality 
designations for bullocks are Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, and 
Utility. There are five yield grades,

[[Page 14]]

which are applicable to all classes of slaughter cattle and are 
designated by numbers 1 through 5, with Yield Grade 1 representing the 
highest degree of cutability. The grades of slaughter cattle may consist 
of the quality grade only, the yield grade only, or a combination of the 
quality grade and the yield grade except that slaughter bulls are yield 
graded only.
    (b) Quality Grades. (1) Slaughter cattle quality grades are based on 
an evaluation of factors related to the palatability of the lean, herein 
referred to as ``quality.'' Quality in slaughter cattle is evaluated 
primarily by the amount and distribution of finish, the firmness of 
muscling, and the physical characteristics of the animal associated with 
maturity. Progressive changes in maturity past 30 months of age and in 
the amount and distribution of finish and firmness of muscling have 
opposite effects on quality. Therefore, for cattle over 30 months of age 
in each grade, the standards require a progressively greater development 
of the other quality-indicating factors. In cattle under about 30 months 
of age, a progressively greater development of the other quality-
indicating characteristics is not required.
    (2) Since carcass indices of quality are not directly evident in 
slaughter cattle, some other factors in which differences can be noted 
must be used to evaluate their quality. Therefore, the amount of 
external finish is included as a major grade factor herein, even though 
cattle with a specific degree of fatness may have widely varying degrees 
of quality. Identification of differences in quality among cattle with 
the same degree of fatness is based on distribution of finish and 
firmness of muscling. Descriptions of these factors are included in the 
specifications. For example, cattle which have more fullness of the 
brisket, flank, twist, and cod or udder and which have firmer muscling 
than that indicated by any particular degree of fatness are considered 
to have higher quality than indicated by the degree of fatness.
    (3) The approximate maximum age limitation for the Prime, Choice, 
and Standard grades of steers, heifers, and cows is 42 months. The 
maximum age limitation for the Select grade for steers, heifers, and 
cows is approximately 30 months. The Commercial grade for steers, 
heifers, and cows includes only cattle over approximately 42 months. 
There are no age limitations for the Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades 
of steers, heifers, and cows. The maximum age limitation for all grades 
of bullocks is approximately 24 months.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1Maximum maturity limits for bullock carcasses are the same as 
those described in the beef carcass grade standards for steers, heifers, 
and cows at about 30 months of age. However, bullocks develop carcass 
indicators of maturity at younger chronological ages than steers. 
Therefore, the approximate age at which bullocks develop carcass 
indicators of maximum maturity is shown herein as 24 months rather than 
30 months.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Yield Grades. (1) The yield grades for slaughter cattle are 
based on the same factors as used in the official yield grade standards 
for beef carcasses. Those factors and the change in each which is 
required to make a full yield grade change are as follows:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Approximate change
                                                        in each factor  
             Factor               Effect of increase  required to make a
                                   on yield grade\1\   full yield grade 
                                                           change\2\    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thickness of fat over ribeye....  Decreases.........  \4/10\ in.        
Percent of kidney, pelvic, and      do..............  5%.               
 heart fat..                                                            
Carcass weight..................    do..............  260 lb.           
Area of ribeye..................  Increases.........  3 in.\2\          
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The yield grades are denoted by numbers 1 through 5 with Yield Grade 
  1 representing the highest cutability or yield of closely trimmed     
  retail cuts. Thus, an ``increase'' in cutability means a smaller yield
  grade number while a ``decrease'' in cutability means a larger yield  
  grade number.                                                         
\2\This assumes no change in the other factors.                         

    (2) When evaluating slaughter cattle for yield grade, each of these 
factors can be estimated and the yield grade determined therefrom by 
using the equation contained in the official standards for grades of 
carcass beef. However, a more practical method of appraising slaughter 
cattle for yield grade is to use only two factors normally considered in 
evaluating live cattle--muscling and fatness.
    (3) In the latter approach to determining yield grade, evaluation of 
the thickness and fullness of muscling in

[[Page 15]]

relation to skeletal size largely accounts for the effects of two of the 
factors--area of ribeye and carcass weight. By the same token, an 
appraisal of the degree of external fatness largely accounts for the 
effects of thickness of fat over the ribeye and the percent of kidney, 
pelvic, and heart fat.
    (4) These fatness and muscling evaluations can best be made 
simultaneously. This is accomplished by considering the development of 
the various parts based on an understanding of how each part is affected 
by variations in muscling and fatness. While muscling of most cattle 
develops uniformly, fat is normally deposited at a considerably faster 
rate on some parts than on others. Therefore, muscling can be appraised 
best by giving primary consideration to the parts least affected by 
fatness, such as the round and the forearm. Differences in thickness and 
fullness of these parts--with appropriate adjustments for the effects of 
variations in fatness--are the best indicators of the overall degree of 
muscling in live cattle.
    (5) On the other hand, the overall fatness of an animal can be 
determined best by observing those parts on which fat is deposited at a 
faster-than-average rate. These include the back, loin, rump, flank, cod 
or udder, twist, and brisket. As cattle increase in fatness, these parts 
appear progressively fuller, thicker, and more distended in relation to 
the thickness and fullness of the other parts, particularly the round. 
In thinly muscled cattle with a low degree of finish, the width of the 
back usually will be greater than the width through the center of the 
round. The back on either side of the backbone also will be flat or 
slightly sunken. Conversely, in thickly muscled cattle with a similar 
degree of finish, the thickness through the rounds will be greater than 
through the back and the back will appear full and rounded. At an 
intermediate degree of fatness, cattle which are thickly muscled will be 
about the same width through the round and back and the back will appear 
only slightly rounded. Thinly muscled cattle with an intermediate degree 
of finish will be considerably wider through the back than through the 
round and will be nearly flat across the back. Very fat cattle will be 
wider through the back than through the round, but this difference will 
be greater in thinly muscled cattle than in those that are thickly 
muscled. Such cattle with thin muscling also will have a distinct break 
from the back into the sides, while those with thick muscling will be 
nearly flat on top but will have a less distinct break into the sides. 
As cattle increase in fatness, they also become deep bodied because of 
large deposits of fat in the flanks and brisket and along the underline. 
Fullness of the twist and cod or udder and the bulge of the flanks, best 
observed when an animal walks, are other indications of fatness.
    (6) In determining yield grade, variations in fatness are much more 
important than variations in muscling.
    (d) Other considerations. (1) Other factors such as heredity and 
management also may affect the development of the grade-determining 
characteristics in slaughter cattle. Although these factors do not lend 
themselves to description in the standards, the use of factual 
information of this nature is justifiable in determining the grade of 
slaughter cattle.
    (2) Slaughter cattle qualifying for any particular grade may vary 
with respect to the relative development of the individual grade 
factors. In fact, some will qualify for a particular grade although they 
have some characteristics more nearly typical of cattle of another 
grade. Because it is impractical to describe the nearly infinite number 
of recognizable combinations of characteristics, the quality and yield 
grade standards describe only cattle which have a relatively similar 
development of the various quality and yield grade determining factors 
and which are near the lower limits of these grades. The requirements 
are given for two maturity groups in the quality grade standards for 
steers, heifers, and cows--but for only one maturity group for bullocks. 
In the yield grade standards, cattle with two levels of muscling are 
described and specific examples in terms of carcass characteristics also 
are included.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987; 
54 FR 3411, Jan. 24, 1989; 61 FR 2895, Jan. 30, 1996]


[[Page 16]]


    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 2895, Jan. 30, 1996, Sec. 53.203(b)(3) 
was revised, effective July 1, 1996. At 61 FR 19155, May 1, 1996, the 
effective date was postponed until Jan. 31, 1997. For the convenience of 
the reader, the superseded text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 53.203  Application of standards for grades of slaughter cattle.

                               * * * * * *

    (b) * * *
    (3) The approximate maximum age limitation for the Prime, Choice, 
Select, and Standard grades of steers, heifers, and cows is 42 
months.The Commercial grade for steers, heifers, and cows includes only 
cattle over approximately 42 months. There are no age limitations for 
the Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades of steers, heifers, and cows. The 
maximum age limitation for all grades of bullocks is approximately 24 
months.\1\

                                * * * * *



Sec. 53.204   Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of slaughter steers, heifers, and cows (quality).

    (a) Prime. (1) Slaughter steers and heifers 30 to 42 months of age 
possessing the minimum qualifications for Prime have a fat covering over 
the crops, back, ribs, loin, and rump that tends to be thick. The 
brisket, flanks, and cod or udder appear full and distended and the 
muscling is very firm. The fat covering tends to be smooth with only 
slight indications of patchiness. Steers and heifers under 30 months of 
age have a moderately thick but smooth covering of fat which extends 
over the back, ribs, loin, and rump. The brisket, flanks, and cod or 
udder show a marked fullness and the muscling is firm.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of the Prime grade will differ 
considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of muscling 
and degree of fatness. Cattle with higher cutability than normal for 
this grade are thickly muscled and have a lower degree of fatness than 
described for the Prime grade. Such cattle have less width of back and 
loin and are less uniform in width than normal for the Prime grade. The 
thick, full muscling gives the back and loin a well-rounded appearance 
with very little evidence of flatness. The thickness through the middle 
part of the rounds is greater than over the top and the thick muscling 
through the shoulders causes them to be slightly prominent. Although 
such cattle have a lower degree of fatness over the back and loin than 
described as typical, evidence of more fatness than described is 
noticeable in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder and the 
muscling is firmer than described. Conversely, cattle with lower 
cutability than normal for this grade are thinly muscled and have a 
higher degree of fatness than described for the Prime grade. The 
distribution of fat is not typical, for it is thicker over the crops, 
back, loin, and rump than described while the brisket, flanks, twist, 
and cod or udder indicate less fatness. Such cattle are wide and nearly 
flat over the back and loin and there is a sharp break from these parts 
into the sides. The width over the back is much greater than through the 
rounds and shoulders.
    (3) Cows are not eligible for the Prime grade.
    (b) Choice. (1) Slaughter steers, heifers, and cows 30 to 42 months 
of age possessing the minimum qualifications for Choice have a fat 
covering over the crops, back, loin, rump, and ribs that tends to be 
moderately thick. The brisket, flanks, and cod or udder show a marked 
fullness and the muscling is firm. Cattle under 30 months of age carry a 
slightly thick fat covering over the top. The brisket, flanks, and cod 
or udder appear moderately full and the muscling is moderately firm.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of the Choice grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of 
muscling and degree of fatness. Cattle with higher cutability than 
normal for this grade are thickly muscled and have a lower degree of 
fatness than described for the Choice grade. Such cattle are less 
uniform in width than normal for the Choice grade. The thick, full 
muscling over the top results in a rounded appearance with little 
evidence of flatness. The thickness through the middle part of the 
rounds is greater than over the top and the thick muscling through the 
shoulders causes them to be slightly prominent. Although such cattle 
have a lower degree of fatness over the

[[Page 17]]

back and loin than described as typical, evidence of more fatness than 
described is especially noticeable in the brisket, flanks, twist, and 
cod or udder and the muscling is firmer than described. Conversely, 
cattle with lower cutability than normal for this grade are thinly 
muscled and have a higher degree of fatness than described for the 
Choice grade. The distribution of fat is not typical, for it is thicker 
over the crops, back, loin, and rump than described but with evidence of 
less fatness in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder. The back 
and loin break sharply into the sides and the width over the back is 
much greater than through the rounds and shoulders.
    (c) Select. (1) The Select grade is limited to steers, heifers, and 
cows with a maximum age limitation of approximately 30 months. Slaughter 
cattle possessing the minimum qualifications for Select have a thin fat 
covering which is largely restricted to the back and loin. The brisket, 
flanks, twist, and cod or udder are slightly full and the muscling is 
slightly firm.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of the Select grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of 
muscling and degree of fatness. Cattle with higher cutability than 
normal for this grade are thickly muscled and have a lower degree of 
fatness than described for the Select grade. Such cattle are less 
uniform in width than normal for the grade. The thick, full muscling 
through the back gives the back and loin a well-rounded appearance. The 
thickness through the middle part of the rounds is greater than over the 
top and the thick muscling through the shoulders causes them to be 
prominent. Evidence of more fatness than described is especially 
noticeable in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder and the 
muscling is firmer than described. Conversely, cattle with lower 
cutability than normal for the grade are thinly muscled and have a 
higher degree of fatness than described for the Select grade. The 
distribution of fat is not typical, for it is thicker over the crops, 
back, loin, and rump than described while the brisket, flanks, twist, 
and cod or udder indicate less fatness. Such cattle are nearly flat over 
the back and loin and the width over the back is greater than through 
the rounds and shoulders.
    (d) Standard. (1) Slaughter steers, heifers, and cows 30 to 42 
months of age possessing the minimum qualifications for Standard have a 
fat covering primarily over the back, loin, and ribs which tends to be 
very thin. Cattle under 30 months of age have a very thin covering of 
fat which is largely restricted to the back, loin, and upper ribs.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of this grade vary relatively 
little in their degree of fatness. Therefore, the range in cutability 
among cattle that qualify for this grade is somewhat less than in the 
higher grades. Most of the cutability differences among cattle 
qualifying for this grade are due to a wide range in muscling. Cattle 
with higher cutability than normal for this grade may have a slightly 
lower degree of fatness than described but will have thick, well-rounded 
backs, wide loins, and prominent, thickly muscled shoulders. The width 
through the rounds will be greater than over the back. Cattle with lower 
cutability than normal for this grade may have slightly more finish than 
described and will be upstanding and narrow. The loin, rump, and rounds 
will appear slightly sunken.
    (e) Commercial. (1) The Commercial grade is limited to steers, 
heifers, and cows over approximately 42 months of age. Slaughter cattle 
possessing the minimum qualifications for Commercial and which slightly 
exceed the minimum maturity for the Commercial grade have a slightly 
thick fat covering over the back, ribs, loin, and rump and the muscling 
is moderately firm. Very mature cattle usually have at least a 
moderately thick fat covering over the back, ribs, loin, and rump and 
considerable patchiness frequently is evident about the tail-head. The 
brisket, flanks, and cod or udder appear to be moderately full and the 
muscling is firm.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of the Commercial grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of widely varying combinations 
of muscling and degree of fatness. Cattle with higher cutability than 
normal for this grade are thickly muscled and have a

[[Page 18]]

lower degree of fatness than described for the Commercial grade. The 
thick, full muscling over the top results in a rounded appearance with 
little evidence of flatness. The thickness through the middle part of 
the rounds is greater than over the top and the thick muscling through 
the shoulders causes them to be slightly prominent. Although such cattle 
have less thickness of fat over the back and loin than described as 
typical, evidence of more fatness than described is especially 
noticeable in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder and the 
muscling is firmer than described. Conversely, cattle with lower 
cutability than normal for this grade are thinly muscled and have a 
higher degree of fatness than described for the Commercial grade. The 
distribution of fat is not typical, being thicker over the crops, back, 
loin, and rump than described while the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod 
or udder indicate less fatness. The back and loin break sharply into the 
sides and the width over the back is much greater than through the 
rounds and shoulders.
    (f) Utility. (1) The minimum degree of finish required for slaughter 
steers, heifers, and cows to qualify for the Utility grade varies 
throughout the range of maturity permitted in this grade from a very 
thin covering of fat for cattle under 30 months of age to a slightly 
thick fat covering, generally restricted to the back, loin, and rump for 
the very mature cattle in this grade. In such mature cattle, the crops 
are slightly thin and the brisket, flanks, and cod or udder indicate 
very slight fullness.
    (2) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of the Utility grade vary 
somewhat in cutability especially among older animals. Those under 42 
months of age are required to have very little fatness to qualify for 
the minimum of the grade; thus most of the variation in cutability of 
such cattle is due to differences in muscling. Cattle over 42 months of 
age will vary in their degree of fatness as well as muscling. Thus, 
cattle with thicker muscling than normal and less external fat than 
specified for this grade will have higher cutability than cattle with 
thinner muscling and more fatness.
    (g) Cutter. (1) In slaughter cattle in the Cutter grade, the degree 
of finish ranges from practically none in cattle under 30 months of age 
to very mature cattle which have only a very thin covering of fat.
    (2) The range in cutability among cattle that qualify for the 
minimum of this grade will be narrow because of very small variations in 
fatness and muscling.
    (h) Canner. Canner grade cattle are those which are inferior to the 
minimum specified for the Cutter grade.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987; 
61 FR 2895, Jan. 30, 1996]

    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 2896, Jan. 30, 1996, Sec. 53.204(c)(1) 
was revised, effective July 1, 1996. At 61 FR 19155, May 1, 1996, the 
effective date was postponed until Jan. 31, 1997. For the convenience of 
the reader, the superseded text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 53.204  Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of 
slaughter steers, heifers, and cows (quality).

                                * * * * *

    (c) Select. (1) Slaughter Steers, heifers, and cows 30 to 42 months 
of age possessing the minimum qualifications for Select have a fat 
covering that tends to be slightly thin with some fullness evident in 
the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder and the muscling is firm. 
Cattle under 30 months of age have a thin fat covering which is largely 
restricted to the back and loin. The brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or 
udder are slightly full and the muscling is slightly firm.

                                * * * * *



Sec. 53.205   Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of slaughter bullocks (quality).

    (a) Prime. (1) Slaughter bullocks possessing the minimum 
qualifications for the Prime grade have a moderately thick but smooth 
covering of fat which extends over the back, ribs, loin, and rump. The 
brisket and flanks show a marked fullness and the muscling is firm.
    (2) Bullocks qualifying for the minimum of the Prime grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of 
muscling and degree of fatness. Bullocks with higher cutability than 
normal for this grade are thickly muscled and have a lower

[[Page 19]]

degree of fatness than described as minimum for the Prime grade. Such 
bullocks have less width of back and loin and are less uniform in width 
than described as typical for the Prime grade but the muscling is firmer 
than described. Conversely, bullocks with lower cutability than normal 
for this grade are thinly muscled and have a higher degree of fatness 
than described as minimum for the Prime grade.
    (b) Choice. (1) Slaughter bullocks possessing minimum qualifications 
for the Choice grade carry a slightly thick fat covering over the top. 
The brisket and flanks appear moderately full and the muscling is 
moderately firm.
    (2) Bullocks qualifying for the minimum of the Choice grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of 
muscling and degree of fatness. Bullocks with higher cutability than 
normal for this grade are thickly muscled and have a lower degree of 
fatness than described as minimum for the Choice grade but the muscling 
is firmer than described. Conversely, bullocks with lower cutability 
than normal for this grade are thinly muscled and have a higher degree 
of fatness than described as minimum for the Choice grade.
    (c) Select. (1) Slaughter bullocks possessing minimum qualifications 
for the Select grade have a thin fat covering which is largely 
restricted to the back and loin. The brisket and flanks are slightly 
full and the muscling is slightly firm.
    (2) Bullocks qualifying for the minimum of the Select grade will 
differ considerably in cutability because of varying combinations of 
muscling and degree of fatness. Bullocks with higher cutability than 
normal for the grade are thickly muscled and have a lower degree of 
fatness than described as minimum for the Select grade. Such bullocks 
are less uniform in width than described as typical of the grade but the 
muscling is firmer than described. Conversely, bullocks with lower 
cutability than normal for this grade have thinner muscling and a higher 
degree of fatness than described as minimum for the Select grade.
    (d) Standard. (1) Slaughter bullocks possessing minimum 
qualifications for the Standard grade have only a very thin covering of 
fat which is largely restricted to the back, loin, and upper rib.
    (2) Bullocks qualifying for the minimum of this grade vary 
relatively little in their degree of fatness. Therefore, the range in 
cutability among bullocks that qualify for this grade is somewhat less 
than in the higher grades. Most of the cutability differences among 
bullocks qualifying for this grade are due to a wide range in muscling. 
Bullocks with higher cutability than normal for this grade may have a 
slightly lower degree of fatness than described but will have thick, 
well-rounded backs, wide loins, and prominent, thickly muscled 
shoulders. The width through the rounds will be greater than over the 
back. Bullocks with lower cutability than normal for this grade may have 
slightly more finish than described and will be upstanding and narrow. 
The loin, rump, and rounds will appear slightly sunken.
    (e) Utility. The Utility grade includes only those bullocks that do 
not meet the minimum requirements specified for the Standard grade.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987]



Sec. 53.206   Specifications for official U.S. standards for grades of slaughter cattle (yield).

    (a) Yield Grade 1. (1) Yield Grade 1 slaughter cattle produce 
carcasses with very high yields of boneless retail cuts. Cattle with 
characteristics qualifying them for the lower limits of Yield Grade 1 
(near the borderline between Yield Grade 1 and Yield Grade 2) will 
differ considerably in appearance because of inherent differences in the 
development of their muscling and skeletal systems and related 
differences in fatness.
    (2) Very thickly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade 
have a high proportion of lean to bone. They are moderately wide and the 
width through the shoulders and rounds is greater than through the back. 
The top is well-rounded with no evidence of flatness, and the back and 
loin are thick and full. The rounds are deep, thick, and full and the 
width through the middle part of the rounds is greater than through the 
back. The shoulders

[[Page 20]]

are slightly prominent and the forearms are thick and full. These cattle 
have only a thin covering of fat over the back and rump. The flanks are 
slightly shallow and the brisket and cod or udder have little evidence 
of fullness. Slaughter cattle of this description producing 600-pound 
carcasses usually have about 0.3 of an inch of fat over the ribeye and 
about 13.0 square inches of ribeye area.
    (3) Because of the relatively low proportion of lean to bone, 
practically no thinly muscled cattle produce carcasses with an 
exceptionally high yield of boneless retail cuts. Therefore, it is 
unlikely that thinly muscled cattle will qualify for Yield Grade 1.
    (4) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of Yield Grade 1 will differ 
widely in quality grade as a result of variations in distribution of 
finish and firmness of muscling. For example, young cattle which have 
considerable firmness of muscling and considerably greater deposits of 
fat in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder than described for 
Yield Grade 1 ordinarily will qualify for the Select or Choice grade. 
However, such cattle with typical or less than typical deposits of fat 
in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder usually will qualify for 
the Standard or Utility grade.
    (b) Yield Grade 2. (1) Yield Grade 2 slaughter cattle produce 
carcasses with high yields of boneless retail cuts. Cattle with 
characteristics qualifying them for the lower limits of Yield Grade 2 
(near the borderline between Yield Grade 2 and Yield Grade 3) will 
differ considerably in appearance because of differences in the 
development of their muscling and skeletal systems and related 
differences in fatness.
    (2) Very thickly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade 
have a high proportion of lean to bone. They are wide through the back 
and loin and have slightly greater width through the shoulders and 
rounds than through the back. The top is well-rounded with little 
evidence of flatness and the back and loin are thick and full. The 
rounds are thick, full, and deep and the thickness through the middle 
part of the rounds is greater than that over the top. The shoulders are 
slightly prominent and the forearms are thick and full. There is a 
slightly thick covering of fat over the back and rump and the flanks are 
slightly deep. The brisket and cod or udder are slightly full. Slaughter 
cattle of this description producing 600-pound carcasses usually have 
about 0.6 of an inch of fat over the ribeye and about 12.5 square inches 
of ribeye area.
    (3) Thinly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade have 
a relatively low proportion of lean to bone. They tend to be flat and 
slightly narrow over the back and have slightly long, flat rounds. They 
are slightly wider over the back than through the rounds. The shoulders 
are slightly prominent and the forearms are only slightly thick. These 
cattle have a thin covering of fat over the back and rump. The flanks 
are slightly shallow and thin and the brisket and cod or udder have 
little evidence of fullness. Slaughter cattle of this description 
producing 600-pound carcasses usually have 0.3 of an inch of fat over 
the ribeye and about 10.0 square inches of ribeye area.
    (4) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of Yield Grade 2 will differ 
greatly in quality grade as a result of variations in distribution of 
finish and firmness of muscling. For example, young cattle which have 
considerable firmness of muscling and typical or greater deposits of fat 
in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder than described for Yield 
Grade 2 ordinarily will qualify for Prime or Choice. Conversely, such 
cattle with less than typical deposits of fat in the brisket, flanks, 
twist, and cod or udder usually will qualify for the Select or Standard 
grade.
    (c) Yield Grade 3. (1) Yield Grade 3 slaughter cattle produce 
carcasses with intermediate yields of boneless retail cuts. Cattle with 
characteristics qualifying them for the lower limits of Yield Grade 3 
(near the borderline between Yield Grades 3 and 4) will differ 
considerably in appearance because of inherent differences in the 
development of their muscling and skeletal systems and related 
differences in fatness.
    (2) Very thickly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade 
have a high proportion of lean to bone. They are very wide through the 
back and loin and are uniform in width from

[[Page 21]]

front to rear. The back or top is nearly flat with only a slight 
tendency toward roundness and there is a slight break into the sides. 
The back and loin are very full and thick. The rounds are deep, thick, 
and full. The shoulders are smooth and the forearms are thick and full. 
There is a moderately thick covering of fat over the back and rump. The 
flanks are deep and full and the brisket and cod or udder are full. 
Slaughter cattle of this description producing 600-pound carcasses 
usually have about 0.9 of an inch of fat over the ribeye and about 12.0 
square inches of ribeye area.
    (3) Thinly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade have 
a relatively low proportion of lean to bone. They are flat and slightly 
wide over the back and loin and are wider over the back than through the 
rounds. The shoulders are slightly smooth and the forearms are only 
slightly thick. These cattle tend to have a slightly thick covering of 
fat over the back and rump. The flanks are slightly deep and full and 
the brisket and cod or udder are slightly full. Slaughter cattle of this 
description producing 600-pound carcasses usually have about 0.6 of an 
inch of fat over the ribeye and about 9.5 square inches of ribeye area.
    (4) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of Yield Grade 3 will differ 
greatly in quality grade as a result of wide variations in distribution 
of finish and firmness of muscling. Cattle with higher quality than 
normal for the minimum of this grade will have very firm muscling and 
will have greater deposits of fat in the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod 
or udder than described for Yield Grade 3 and will normally qualify for 
the Prime or Choice grade. Conversely, cattle with lower quality than 
normal for the minimum of this grade will have less deposits of fat in 
the brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder than described herein, and 
may only qualify for the Select grade.
    (d) Yield Grade 4. (1) Yield Grade 4 slaughter cattle produce 
carcasses with moderately low yields of boneless retail cuts. Cattle 
with characteristics qualifying them for the lower limits of Yield Grade 
4 (near the borderline between Yield Grades 4 and 5) will differ 
considerably in appearance because of inherent differences in the 
development of their muscling and skeletal systems and related 
differences in fatness.
    (2) Very thickly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade 
have a high proportion of lean to bone. They appear wider over the top 
than through the shoulders or rounds. The back and loin are very thick 
and full, nearly flat, and break sharply into the sides. The rounds are 
deep, thick, and full. The shoulders are smooth and the forearms are 
thick and full. These cattle have a thick covering of fat over the back 
and rump. The flanks are very deep and full and the brisket and cod or 
udder are very full. Slaughter cattle of this description producing 600-
pound carcasses usually have about 1.1 inches of fat over the ribeye and 
about 11.5 square inches of ribeye area.
    (3) Thinly muscled cattle typical of the minimum of this grade have 
a relatively low ratio of lean to bone. They are flat over the back and 
loin and much wider through the back than through the shoulders or 
rounds. The rounds tend to be long and flat. The shoulders are smooth 
and the forearms are slightly thick. These cattle have a moderately 
thick covering of fat over the back and rump and the back breaks sharply 
into the sides. The flanks are deep and full and the brisket and cod or 
udder are full. Slaughter cattle of this description producing 600-pound 
carcasses usually have about 0.9 of an inch of fat over the ribeye and 
about 9.0 square inches of ribeye area.
    (4) Cattle qualifying for the minimum of Yield Grade 4 will differ 
somewhat in quality grade as a result of variations in distribution of 
the finish and firmness of muscling. Most cattle at the minimum of this 
grade will qualify for the Prime or Choice grade. However, some cattle 
at the minimum of Yield Grade 4 with less deposits of fat in the 
brisket, flanks, twist, and cod or udder than described as typical may 
only qualify for the Select grade.
    (e) Yield Grade 5. (1) Yield Grade 5 slaughter cattle produce 
carcasses with low yields of boneless retail cuts. Cattle of this grade 
consist of those not meeting the minimum requirements for Yield Grade 4 
because of either more fat or less muscle or a combination of these 
characteristics.

[[Page 22]]

    (2) Because of the high degree of finish required for cattle of this 
grade, the range in quality grades will be somewhat small. Practically 
all cattle of this grade will qualify for either the Prime or Choice 
grade.

[42 FR 53902, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987]



PART 54--MEATS, PREPARED MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS (GRADING, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS)--Table of Contents




                         Subpart A--Regulations

                               Definitions

Sec.
54.1  Meaning of words.
54.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.

                             Administration

54.3  Authority.

                                 Service

54.4  Kind of service.
54.5  Availability of service.
54.6  How to obtain service.
54.7  Order of furnishing service.
54.8  When request for service deemed made.
54.9  Withdrawal of application or request for service.
54.10  Authority of agent.
54.11  Denial or withdrawal of service.
54.12  Financial interest of official grader.
54.13  Accessibility and refrigeration of products; access to 
          establishments.
54.14  Official certificates.
54.15  Advance information concerning service rendered.
54.16  Marking of products.
54.17  Official identifications.
54.18  Custody of identification devices.

                             Appeal Service

54.19  What is appeal service; marking products on appeal; requirements 
          for appeal; certain determinations not appealable.
54.20  Request for appeal service.
54.21  When request for appeal service may be withdrawn.
54.22  Denial or withdrawal of appeal service.
54.23  Who shall perform appeal service.
54.24  Appeal certificates.
54.25  Superseded certificates.
54.26  Application of other regulations to appeal service.

                           Charges for Service

54.27  Fees and other charges for service.
54.28  Payment of fees and other charges.

                              Miscellaneous

54.29  Identification.
54.30  Errors in service.
54.31  Uniforms.

                          Subpart B--Standards

                              Carcass Beef

54.102  Scope.
54.103  Classes of beef carcasses.
54.104  Application of standards for grades of carcass beef.
54.105  Specifications for official United States standards for grades 
          of carcass beef (yield).
54.106  Specifications for official United States standards for grades 
          of carcass beef (quality-steer, heifer, cow).
54.107  Specifications for official United States standards for grades 
          of carcass beef (quality--bullock).

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.

    Source: 42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981.



                         Subpart A--Regulations

                               Definitions



Sec. 54.1  Meaning of words.

    Words used in this subpart in the singular form shall be deemed to 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. For the 
purposes of such regulations, unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall be construed, respectively, to mean:
    Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, or any officer or employee of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service to whom authority has heretofore been delegated or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Agricultural Marketing Service. The Agricultural Marketing Service 
of the Department.
    Animals. Cattle, sheep, swine, or goats.
    Applicant. Any person who has applied for service under the 
regulations.
    Branch. The Meat Grading Branch of the Division.
    Carcass. The commercially prepared or dressed body of any animal 
intended for human food.

[[Page 23]]

    Carcass Data Service. The service established and conducted under 
the regulations to provide producers and other interested persons with 
data on carcass characteristics.
    Certification service. The service established and conducted under 
the regulations for the determination and certification or other 
identification of the compliance of products with specifications.
    Chief. The Chief of the Branch, or any officer or employee of the 
Branch to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Class. A subdivision of a product based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same kind 
of species.
    Compliance. Conformity of a product to the specifications under 
which the product was purchased or sold, with particular reference to 
the quality, cleanliness, state of refrigeration, method of processing, 
and trim of products.
    Contract verification service. A program allowing institutions or 
other large purchasers of commodity products to have those products 
compared to contractual requirements.
    Cooperative agreement. A cooperative agreement between the 
Agricultural Marketing Service and another Federal agency or a State 
agency, or other agency, organization or person as specified in the 
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as amended, for conducting the 
service.
    Department. The United States Department of Agriculture.
    Director. The Director of the Division, or any officer or employee 
of the Division to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to 
whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Division. The Meat Quality Division of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service.
    Fabricating. Cutting into wholesale or retail cuts, dicing or 
grinding.
    Federal Meat Inspection. The meat inspection system conducted under 
the Federal Meat Inspection Act as amended by the Wholesome Meat Act (21 
U.S.C. 601 et seq.) and the regulations thereunder (9 CFR chapter III, 
subchapter A).
    Financially interested person. Any person having a financial 
interest in the products involved, including but not limited to the 
shipper, receiver, producer, seller, buyer, or carrier of the products.
    Grade. (1) As a noun, this term means an important commercial 
subdivision of a product based on certain definite and preference 
determining factors, such as, but not limited to, conformation, finish, 
and quality in meats.
    (2) As a verb, this term means to determine the class, grade, or 
other quality of a product according to applicable standards for such 
product in subpart B of this part.
    Grading Service. The service established and conducted under the 
regulations for the determination and certification or other 
identification of the class, grade, or other quality of products under 
standards.
    Immediate container. The carton, can, pot, tin, casing, wrapper, or 
other receptacle or covering constituting the basic unit in which 
products are directly contained or wrapped when packed in the customary 
manner for delivery to the meat trade or to consumers.
    Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications. Specifications 
describing various meat cuts, meat products, and meat food products 
derived from all livestock species, commonly abbreviated ``IMPS'', and 
intended for use by any meat procuring activity. For labeling purposes, 
only product certified by the Meat Grading and Certification Branch may 
contain the letters ``IMPS'' on the product label.
    Legal Holiday. Those days designated as legal public holidays in 
title 5, United States Code, section 6103(a).
    Livestock. Bovine, ovine, porcine.
    Meat. The edible part of the muscle of an animal, which is skeletal, 
or which is found in the tongue, in the diaphragm, in the heart, or in 
the esophagus, and which is intended for human food, with or without the 
accompanying and overlying fat and the portions of bone, skin, sinew, 
nerve, and blood vessels which normally accompany the muscle tissue and 
which are not separated from it in the process of dressing.

[[Page 24]]

This term does not include the muscle found in the lips, snout, or ears.
    Meat by-products. All edible parts (other than meat and prepared 
meats) intended for human food, derived from one or more animals, and 
including but not limited to such organs and parts as livers, kidneys, 
sweetbreads, brains, lungs, spleens, stomachs, tripe, lips, snouts, and 
ears.
    Meat food products. Any articles intended for human food (other than 
meat, prepared meats, and meat by-products) which are derived or 
prepared in whole or in substantial and definite part, from any portion 
of any animal, except such articles as organotherapeutic substances, 
meat juice, meat extract, and the like, which are only for medicinal 
purposes and are advertised only to the medical profession.
    Office of grading. The office of an official grader.
    Official grader. An employee of the Department or other person 
authorized by the Department to determine and certify or otherwise 
identify the class, grade, other quality, or compliance of products 
under the regulations.
    Person. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or other legal 
entity, or Government agency.
    Prepared meats. The products intended for human food which are 
obtained by subjecting meat to drying, curing, smoking, cooking, 
grinding, seasoning, or flavoring, or to any combination of such 
procedures, and to which no considerable quantity of any substance other 
than meat or meat byproducts has been added.
    Processing. Drying, curing, smoking, cooking, seasoning, or 
flavoring or any combination of such processes, with or without 
fabricating.
    Products. Meats, prepared meats, meat by-products, or meat food 
products.
    Quality. A combination of the inherent properties of a product which 
determines its relative degree of excellence.
    Quality grade. A designation based on those characteristics of meat 
which predict the palatability characteristics of the lean.
    Quality Systems Certification Program. A multifaceted program 
allowing all aspects of the livestock industry to have quality systems, 
or processes within quality systems, verified by AMS agent(s) to 
effectuate use of such quality systems to meet contractual requirements, 
or as a marketing tool.
    Service. Grading service or acceptance service.
    Shipping container. The receptacle or covering in which one or more 
immediate containers of products are packed for transportation.
    Specifications. Descriptions with respect to the class, grade, other 
quality, quantity or condition of products, approved by the 
Administrator, and available for use by the industry regardless of the 
origin of the descriptions.
    Standards. The standards of the Department contained in subpart B of 
this part.
    Supervisor of grading. An official grader or other person designated 
by the Director or Chief to supervise and maintain uniformity and 
accuracy of service under the regulations.
    The Act. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (Title II of the act 
of Congress approved August 14, 1946, 60 Stat. 1087, as amended by Pub. 
L. 272, 84th Cong., 69 Stat. 553, 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627).
    The regulations. The regulations in this subpart.
    Yield grade. A designation which reflects the estimated yield of 
retail cuts that may be obtained from a beef, lamb, yearling mutton, or 
mutton carcass.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 61 FR 11505, Mar. 21, 1996]



Sec. 54.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks or other identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the inspection or grading of

[[Page 25]]

agricultural products under said section. For the purposes of said 
subsection and the provisions in this part, the terms listed below shall 
have the respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, used under the regulations to certify with respect 
to the inspection, class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition 
of products (including the compliance of products with applicable 
specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading, determining compliance, 
inspecting, or sampling pursuant to the regulations, any processing or 
plant-operation report made by an authorized person in connection with 
grading, determining compliance, inspecting, or sampling under the 
regulations, and any report made by an authorized person of services 
performed pursuant to the regulations.
    (c) Official mark or other official identification means any form of 
mark or other identification, including those prescribed in Sec. 54.17; 
used under the regulations in marking any products, or the immediate or 
shipping containers thereof, to show inspection class, grade quality, 
size quantity, or condition of the products (including the compliance of 
products with applicable specifications), or to maintain the identity of 
products for which service is provided under the regulations.
    (d) Official device means any roller, stamp, brand or other device 
used under the regulations to mark any products or the immediate or 
shipping containers, thereof, with any official mark or other official 
identification.

                             Administration



Sec. 54.3  Authority.

    The Chief is charged with the administration, under the general 
supervision and direction of the Director, of the regulations and the 
Act insofar as they relate to products.

                                 Service



Sec. 54.4  Kind of service.

    Grading service under the regulations shall consist of the 
determination and certification and other identification, upon request 
by the applicant, of the class, grade, or other quality of products 
under applicable standards in subpart B of this part. Class, grade, and 
other quality may be determined under said standards for meat of cattle, 
sheep, or swine in carcass form only, except upon approval by the 
Director upon his determination of good cause and provided that the meat 
can be identified in conformance with the standards. Certification 
service under the regulations shall consist of the determination of the 
conformity of products to specifications approved by the Director or 
Chief and the certification and other identification of such livestock 
or products in accordance with specifications, upon request by the 
applicant. Determination as to product compliance with specifications 
for ingredient content or method of preparation may be based upon 
information received from the inspection system having jurisdiction over 
the products involved. The Carcass Data Service, under the regulations, 
shall consist of the evaluation of carcass characteristics, in 
accordance with applicable official United States Standards which appear 
in subpart B of this part, of carcasses of animals identified with the 
official eartag as shown in Sec. 54.17, the recording of such data, and 
transmittal of the data to, or as directed by, the applicant for the 
service. The Contract Verification Service, under the regulations, 
provides wholesale buyers of noncertified commodity products a method of 
determining whether procurement(s) meet contractually specified 
requirements. The Quality Systems Certification Program, under the 
regulations, provides meatpackers, processors, producers, or other 
businesses in the livestock and meat trade the ability to have special 
processes or

[[Page 26]]

documented quality management systems verified.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 61 FR 11506, Mar. 21, 1996]



Sec. 54.5  Availability of service.

    Service under these regulations may be made available with respect 
to products shipped or received in interstate commerce, and with respect 
to the products not so shipped or received if the Director or Chief 
determines that the furnishing of service for such products would 
facilitate the marketing, distribution, processing, or utilization of 
agricultural products through commercial channels. Also, such service 
may be made available under a cooperative agreement. Service under these 
regulations shall be provided without discrimination as to race, color, 
sex, creed, or national origin. Service will be furnished for products 
only if they were derived from animals slaughtered in federally 
inspected establishments or operated under State meat inspection in a 
State other than one designated in 9 CFR 331.2. Service under these 
regulations will be furnished for imported meat only if it is marked so 
that the name of the country of origin appears on most of the major 
retail cuts. The mark of foreign origin shall be imprinted by roller 
brand or handstamp and shall be applied so that the imprint is at least 
2 inches from the backbone of lamb, 3 inches from the backbone of veal 
and calf, and 4 inches from the backbone of beef carcasses. The mark of 
foreign origin shall be repeated parallel to the backbone of the carcass 
so as to appear on each round, rump, full loin, rib, and chuck of each 
bovine and ovine carcass in letters at least one-fourth of an inch high, 
with no more than three-fourths of an inch space between impressions. 
Imprints of each such brand shall be submitted to the Chief for the 
determination of compliance with these regulations prior to use of the 
brand on meats offered for Federal grading. It shall be the 
responsibility of the applicant to notify the meat grade performing the 
service whenever imported meat is offered for grading.



Sec. 54.6  How to obtain service.

    (a) Application. Any person may apply to the Director or Chief for 
service under the regulations with respect to products in which the 
applicant is financially interested. The application shall be made on a 
form approved by the Director. In any case in which the service is 
intended to be furnished at an establishment not operated by the 
applicant, the application shall be approved by the operator of such 
establishment and such approval shall constitute an authorization for 
any employees of the Department to enter the establishment for the 
purpose of performing their functions under the regulations. The 
application shall state:
    (1) The name and address of the establishment at which service is 
desired; (2) the name and post office address of the applicant; (3) the 
financial interest of the applicant in the products, except where 
application is made by an official of a Government agency in his 
official capacity; and (4) the signature of the applicant (or the 
signature and title of his representative). The application shall 
indicate the legal status of the applicant as an individual, 
partnership, corporation, or other form of legal entity. Any change in 
such status, at any time while service is being received, shall be 
promptly reported to the Director or Chief by the person receiving the 
service.
    (b) Notice of eligibility for service. The applicant for service at 
any establishment will be notified whether his application is approved.
    (c) Request by applicant for service--(1) Noncommitment. Upon 
notification of the approval on an application for service, the 
applicant may, from time to time as desired, make oral or written 
requests for service under the regulations with respect to specific 
products for which the service is to be furnished under such 
application. Such requests shall be made at an office for grading either 
directly or through any employee of the Agricultural Marketing Service 
who may be designated for such purposes.
    (2) Commitment. If desired, the applicant may request to enter into 
an agreement with the Agricultural Marketing Service for the furnishing 
of service on a weekly commitment basis,

[[Page 27]]

whereby the applicant agrees to pay for 8 hours of service per day, 5 
days per week, Monday through Friday, excluding Federal legal holidays 
occurring Monday through Friday on which no grading and certification 
services are performed, as provided in Sec. 54.27(b), and the 
Agricultural Marketing Service agrees to make an official grader 
available to perform such service for the applicant. However, the 
Agricultural Marketing Service reserves the right to use any grader 
assigned to a plant under such a commitment to perform service for other 
applicants when, in the opinion of the Chief, the grader is not needed 
to perform service for the commitment applicant. An applicant who 
terminates a commitment, and within 1 year after cancellation is granted 
a new commitment at his request, shall pay for the moving costs actually 
incurred by the Agricultural Marketing Service to cover the transfer of 
the grader who will service the applicant's new commitment. If more than 
one applicant is involved in the reapplication for a canceled meat 
grading and certification commitment requiring the transfer of the 
grader, the moving costs will be prorated among the applicants according 
to each applicant's committed portion of the grader's services. However, 
the moving costs will be charged only to those applicants who were 
parties to the previously canceled commitment. An applicant may, for 
periods of 3 months or less, enter into an agreement by memorandum with 
the Agricultural Marketing Service for the furnishing of service on a 
weekly basis. In the latter case, transfer of graders would not be 
involved and charges will be made in accordance with Sec. 54.27.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, 
as amended at 47 FR 44704, Oct. 12, 1982]



Sec. 54.7  Order of furnishing service.

    Service under the regulations shall be furnished to applicants in 
the order in which requests therefor are received, insofar as consistent 
with good management, efficiency and economy. Precedence will be given, 
when necessary, to requests made by any government agency or any regular 
user of the service, and to requests for appeal service under 
Sec. 54.20.



Sec. 54.8  When request for service deemed made.

    A request for service under the regulations shall be deemed to be 
made when received by an office of grading. Records showing the date and 
time of the request shall be made and kept in such office. However, in 
the case of the Carcass Data Service, the purchase of official USDA 
eartags shall constitute a request for such service and the requisition 
form used to purchase the eartags shall be kept in the designated office 
of record.



Sec. 54.9  Withdrawal of application or request for service.

    An application or a request for service under the regulations may be 
withdrawn by the applicant at any time before the application is 
approved or prior to performance of service, upon payment, in accordance 
with Secs. 54.27 and 54.28, of any expenses already incurred by the 
Agricultural Marketing Service in connection therewith.



Sec. 54.10  Authority of agent.

    Proof of the authority of any person making an application or a 
request for service under the regulations on behalf of any other person 
may be required at the discretion of the Director or Chief or the 
official in charge of the office of grading or other employee receiving 
the application or request under Sec. 54.6.



Sec. 54.11  Denial or withdrawal of service.

    (a) For misconduct--(1) Bases for denial or withdrawal. An 
application or a request for service may be rejected, or the benefits of 
the service may be otherwise denied to, or withdrawn from, any person 
who, or whose employee or agent in the scope of his employment or 
agency:
    (i) Has wilfully made any misrepresentation or has committed any 
other fraudulent or deceptive practice in connection with any 
application or request for service under the regulations;
    (ii) Has given or attempted to give, as a loan or for any other 
purpose, any money, favor, or other thing of value,

[[Page 28]]

to any employee of the Department authorized to perform any function 
under the regulations;
    (iii) Has interfered with or obstructed, or attempted to interfere 
with or to obstruct, any employee of the Department in the performance 
of his duties under the regulations by intimidation, threats, assaults, 
abuse, or any other improper means;
    (iv) Has knowingly falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or 
counterfeited any official certificate, memorandum, mark, or other 
identification, or device for making any such mark or identification;
    (v) Has knowingly uttered, published, or used as true any such 
falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited certificate, 
memorandum, mark, identification, or device;
    (vi) Has knowingly obtained or retained possession of any such 
falsely made, issued, altered, forged, or counterfeited certificate, 
memorandum, mark, identification, or device, or of any such official 
device, or of any product bearing any such falsely made, issued, 
altered, forged, or counterfeited mark or identification, or of any 
carcass or wholesale or retail cut bearing any designation specified in 
paragraph (a)(1)(vii) of this section which has not been federally 
graded or derived from a carcass graded as being of the indicated grade;
    (vii) Has applied the designation ``Prime,'' ``Choice,'' ``Select,'' 
``Good,'' ``Standard,'' ``Commercial,'' ``Utility,'' ``Cutter,'' 
``Canner,'' ``Cull,'' ``Medium,'' ``No. 1,'' ``No. 2,'' ``No. 3,'' ``No. 
4,'' ``Yield Grade 1,'' ``Yield Grade 2,'' ``Yield Grade 3,'' ``Yield 
Grade 4,'' or ``Yield Grade 5'' by stamp, or brand directly on any 
carcass, wholesale cut, or retail cut of any carcass, as part of a grade 
designation;
    (viii) Has applied to immediate containers or shipping containers of 
carcasses, wholesale cuts, or retail cuts, grade designations specified 
in paragraph (a)(1)(vii) of this section, when such carcasses, wholesale 
cuts, or retail cuts contained therein have not been federally graded;
    (ix) Has knowingly used, moved, or otherwise altered, in any manner, 
meat or meat products identified by an official product control device, 
mark, or other identification as specified in Sec. 54.17, or has removed 
such official device, mark, or identification from the meat or meat 
products so identified without the express permission of an authorized 
representative of the USDA; or
    (x) Has in any manner not specified in this paragraph violated 
subsection 203(h) of the AMA: Provided, That paragraph (a)(1)(vi) of 
this section shall not be deemed to be violated if the person in 
possession of any item mentioned therein notifies the Director or Chief 
without such delay that he has possession of such item and, in the case 
of an official device, surrenders it to the Chief, and, in the case of 
any other item, surrenders it to the Director or Chief or destroys it or 
brings it into compliance with the regulations by obliterating or 
removing the violative features under supervision of the Director or 
Chief: And provided further, That paragraphs (a)(1) (ii) through (ix) of 
this section shall not be deemed to be violated by any act committed by 
any person prior to the making of an application of service under the 
regulations by the principal person. An application or a request for 
service may be rejected or the benefits of the service may be otherwise 
denied to, or withdrawn from, any person who operates an establishment 
for which he has made application for service if, with the knowledge of 
such operator, any other person conducting any operations in such 
establishment has committed any of the offenses specified in paragraphs 
(a)(1) (i) through (x) of this section after such application was made. 
Moreover, an application or a request for service made in the name of a 
person otherwise eligible for service under the regulations may be 
rejected, or the benefits of the service may be otherwise denied to, or 
withdrawn from, such a person (A) in case the service is or would be 
performed at an establishment operated (1) by a corporation, 
partnership, or other person from whom the benefits of the service are 
currently being withheld under this paragraph, or (2) by a corporation, 
partnership, or other person having an officer, director, partner, or 
substantial investor from whom the benefits of the service are currently

[[Page 29]]

being withheld and who has any authority with respect to the 
establishment where service is or would be performed; or (B) in case the 
service is or would be performed with respect to any product in which 
any corporation, partnership, or other person within paragraph 
(a)(1)(x)(A)(1) of this section has a contract or other financial 
interest.
    (2) Procedure. All cases arising under this paragraph shall be 
conducted in accordance with the Rules of Practice Governing Formal 
Adjudicatory Proceedings Instituted by the Secretary Under Various 
Statutes set forth in Secs. 1.130 through 1.151 of this title and the 
Supplemental Rules of Practice in part 50 of this chapter.
    (b) For miscellaneous reasons. An application or a request for 
service may be rejected, or the benefits of the service may be otherwise 
denied to, or withdrawn from, any person, without a hearing by the 
official in charge of the appropriate office of grading, with the 
concurrence of the Director or Chief (1) for administrative reasons such 
as the nonavailability of personnel to perform the service; (2) for the 
failure to pay for service; (3) in case the application or request 
relates to products which are not eligible for service under Sec. 54.5 
or which are unclean or are in an unclean establishment; (4) for other 
noncompliance with the conditions on which service is available as 
provided in the regulations, except matters covered by paragraph (a) of 
this section; or (5) in case the person is a partnership, corporation, 
or other person from whom the benefits of the service are currently 
being withheld under paragraph (a) of this section. Notice of such 
denial or withdrawal, and the reasons therefor, shall promptly be given 
to the person involved.
    (c) Filing of records. The final orders in formal proceedings under 
paragraph (a) of this section to deny or withdraw the service under the 
regulations (except orders required for good cause to be held 
confidential and not cited as precedents) and other records in such 
proceedings (except those required for good cause to be held 
confidential) shall be filed with the Hearing Clerk and shall be 
available for inspection by persons having a proper interest therein.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, 
and amended at 50 FR 14366, Apr. 12, 1985; 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987; 
60 FR 8464, Feb. 14, 1995]



Sec. 54.12  Financial interest of official grader.

    No official grader shall grade or determine compliance of any 
products in which he or any of his relatives by blood or marriage is 
directly or indirectly financially interested.



Sec. 54.13  Accessibility and refrigeration of products; access to establishments.

    (a) The applicant shall cause products, with respect to which 
service is requested, to be made easily accessible for examination and 
to be so placed, with adequate illuminating facilities, as to disclose 
their class, grade, other quality, and compliance. Supervisors of 
grading and other employees of the Department responsible for 
maintaining uniformity and accuracy of service under the regulations 
shall have access to all parts of establishments covered by approved 
applications for service under the regulations, for the purpose of 
examining all products in the establishments which have been or are to 
be graded or examined for compliance with specifications or which bear 
any marks of grade or compliance.
    (b) Grading service will only be furnished for meat that a USDA 
grader determines is chilled so that grade factors are developed to the 
extent that a proper grade determination can be made in accordance with 
the official standards (subpart B of part 54 (7 CFR 54.102 et seq.)). To 
be eligible for grading, beef carcasses must be ribbed at least 10 
minutes prior to being offered for grading. Meat that is presented in a 
frozen condition shall not be eligible for a grade determination. Meat 
of all eligible species shall be graded only in the establishment where 
the animal was slaughtered or initially chilled (except for veal and 
calf carcasses, which shall be graded only after the hide is removed and 
only in the establishment

[[Page 30]]

where such removal occurs). The Director may grant prior approval for 
grading at a location other than the establishment of slaughter or 
initial chill upon notification to the Division if the Branch was unable 
to provide grading service in a timely manner and that the meat can be 
identified in conformance with the standards.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 54.14  Official certificates.

    (a) Agricultural Products Certificate Form LS-5-3 (Figure 1) is the 
official certificate for products under the regulations. The official 
grader shall prepare, sign, and issue an Agricultural Products 
Certificate Form LS-5-3 covering products for which that grader 
determined final specification compliance. Where weight or count is 
verified, the grader shall initial in the block titled ``Weights and 
Total Count Verified.''
    (b) Applicant Charges Certificate Form LS-5-5 (Figure 2) will be 
used to reduce paperwork for applicants assigned multiple graders. 
Assigned graders will complete one Form LS-5-5. Each grader will enter 
their code letters and signature in the appropriate location(s) to 
indicate certificate completion.

[[Page 31]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.000



[[Page 32]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.001



3410-02-C

[[Page 33]]

    (c) Distribution. The original certificate, and not to exceed two 
copies, shall be delivered or mailed to the applicant or other person 
designated by him. The remaining copies shall be forwarded as required 
by agency, division, and branch instructions. Additional copies will be 
furnished to any person financially interested in the products involved 
with the concurrence of the applicant and upon payment of fees, as 
provided in Sec. 54.27.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, 
and amended at 51 FR 590, Jan. 7, 1986; 61 FR 11506, Mar. 21, 1996]



Sec. 54.15  Advance information concerning service rendered.

    Upon request of any applicant, all or any part of the contents of 
any certificate issued to him under the regulations, or other 
notification concerning the determination of class, grade, other 
quality, or compliance of products for such applicant may be transmitted 
by telegraph or telephone to him, or to any person designated by him, at 
his expense.



Sec. 54.16  Marking of products.

    All products for which class and grade under the standards in 
Subpart B of this part, or compliance, is determined under the 
regulations, or the immediate and shipping containers thereof, shall be 
stamped, branded, or otherwise marked with an appropriate official 
identification: Provided, That except as otherwise directed by the 
Chief, such marking will not be required when an applicant only desires 
official certificates. The marking of products, or their containers, as 
required by this section shall be done by official graders or under 
their immediate supervision.



Sec. 54.17  Official identifications.

    (a) A shield enclosing the letters ``USDA'' and code identification 
letters of the grader performing the service, as shown below, 
constitutes a form of official identification under the regulations for 
preliminary grade of carcasses.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.002

    (b) A shield enclosing the letters ``USDA'' as shown in Figure 1 
with the appropriate quality grade designation ``Prime,'' ``Choice,'' 
``Select,'' ``Good,'' ``Standard,'' ``Commercial,'' ``Utility,'' 
``Cutter,'' ``Canner,'' or ``Cull,'' as provided in the official United 
States Standards for Grades of Beef, Veal and Calf, Lamb, Yearling 
Mutton, and Mutton Carcasses and accompanied by the class designation 
``Bullock,'' ``Veal,'' ``Calf,'' ``Lamb,'' ``Yearling Mutton,'' or 
``Mutton,'' constitutes a form of official identification under the 
regulations to show the quality grade, and where necessary the class, 
undersaid standards, of steer, heifer, and cow beef, veal, calf, lamb, 
yearling mutton and mutton. The code identification letters of the 
grader performing the service will appear intermittently outside the 
shield.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.003

    (c) A shield enclosing the letters ``USDA'' and the words ``Yield 
Grade,'' as in Figure 1, with the appropriate yield grade designation 
``1,'' ``2,'' ``3'', ``4,'' or ``5'' as provided in the Official United 
States Standards for Grades of Fresh Beef Carcasses and the Official 
United States Standards for Grades of Lamb, Yearling Mutton, and Mutton 
Carcasses constitutes a form of official identification under the 
regulations to show the yield grade under said standards. When yield 
graded, bull and bullock carcasses will be identified with

[[Page 34]]

the class designation ``Bull'' and ``Bullock,'' respectively. The code 
identification letters of the grader performing the service will appear 
outside the shield.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.007


    (d) Under the regulations, for carcass grade identification purposes 
only, a shield enclosing the letters ``USDA'' with the appropriate yield 
grade designation number of ``1,'' ``2,'' ``3,'' ``4,'' or ``5'' between 
the ``US'' and ``DA'', with the appropriate quality grade designation of 
``Prime'', ``Choice,'' or ``Select,'' below both as shown in Figure 1. 
The code identification letters for the grader performing the service 
will appear outside underneath the shield.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.008


    (e) Under the regulations, for yield grade identification purposes 
only, a shield enclosing the letters ``US'' on one side and ``DA'' on 
the other, with the appropriate Yield Grade designation number ``1,'' 
``2,'' ``3,'' ``4,'' or ``5'' as shown in Figure 1. The code 
identification letters for the grader performing the service will appear 
outside underneath the shield.

[[Page 35]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.009



    (f) Under the regulations, for quality grade identification only, a 
shield enclosing the letters ``US'' on one side and ``DA'' on the other 
with the appropriate Quality Grade designation of ``Prime,'' ``Choice,'' 
or ``Select'' as shown in Figure 1. The code identification letters for 
the grader performing the service will appear outside underneath the 
shield.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.010


    (g) The letters ``USDA'' with the appropriate grade designation 
``1,'' ``2,'' ``3,'' ``4,'' ``Utility,'' or ``Cull'' enclosed in a 
shield as shown in Figure 1, as provided in the Official United States 
Standards for Grades of Pork Carcasses, constitutes a form of official 
identification under the regulations to show the grade under said 
standards of barrow, gilt, and sow pork carcasses.

[[Page 36]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.011



    (h) The following constitute forms of official identification under 
the regulations to show compliance of products:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.004

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.005

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.006


    Note: The letters ``RWX'', and ``UF'' shown in figures 1, and 2 are 
examples, respectively, of the code identification letters of the 
official grader performing the service.

    (i) The following, as shown in Figure 1, constitutes official 
identification to show quality system certification:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.007


    (j) A shield-shaped ear tag enclosing the letters ``USDA'', the 
words ``Carcass Data Service,'' as shown below (Figure 1), and a serial 
number constitutes a form of official identification under the 
regulations for livestock and carcasses. Other information may appear on 
the backside of the ear tag at the option of the purchasers.

[[Page 37]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.008



    (k)(1) One device used by USDA graders is a rectangular, serially 
numbered, orange tag on which a shield encloses the letters ``USDA'' and 
the words ``Product Control'' as shown in Figure 1, constitutes a form 
of official identification under the regulations for meat and meat 
products.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MR96.015


    (2) Official graders and supervisors of grading may use ``Product 
Control'' tags or other methods and devices as approved by the 
Administrator for the identification and control of meat and meat 
products which are not in compliance with the regulations or are held 
pending the results of an examination. Any such meat or meat product so 
identified shall not be used, moved, or

[[Page 38]]

altered in any manner; nor shall official control identification be 
removed, without the express permission of an authorized representative 
of the USDA.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 50 FR 14367, 
Apr. 12, 1985; 52 FR 35683, Sept. 23, 1987; 61 FR 11509, Mar. 21, 1996]



Sec. 54.18  Custody of identification devices.

    (a) All identification devices used in marking products or the 
containers thereof under the regulations, including those indicating 
compliance with specifications approved by the Chief, shall be kept in 
the custody of the Branch, and accurate records shall be kept by the 
Branch of all such devices. Each office of grading shall keep a record 
of the devices assigned to it. Such devices shall be distributed only to 
persons authorized by the Department, who shall keep the devices in 
their possession or control at all times and maintain complete records 
of such devices.
    (b) Upon request, applicants shall provide a metal cabinet(s) or 
locker(s) for the secure storage of official meat grading equipment and 
identification devices for each Federal meat grader assigned to their 
establishment. Such cabinet(s) or locker(s) shall be capable of being 
locked with a special Government-owned lock and shall be placed in an 
easily accessible and reasonably secure location within the applicant's 
establishment.

                             Appeal Service



Sec. 54.19  What is appeal service; marking products on appeal; requirements for appeal; certain determinations not appealable.

    (a) Appeal service is a redetermination of the class, grade, other 
quality, or compliance of product when the applicant for the appeal 
service formally challenges the correctness of the original 
determination. Only a person who has title to, or is a party to a 
contract for the sale of, a product may request appeal service with 
respect to such product and if the original determination of class, 
grade, other quality or compliance is found on appeal to have been in 
error all incorrect marks of class, grade, other quality and compliance 
will be removed from the product, and if the person having title to the 
product so requests, correct marks as determined on the appeal will be 
applied to the product. Examination requested to determine the class, 
grade, other quality, or compliance of a product which has been altered 
or has undergone a material change since the original service, or 
examination of product requested for the purpose of obtaining an up-to-
date certificate and not involving any question as to the correctness of 
the original service for the product involved shall be considered 
equivalent to original service and not appeal service.
    (b) Grade determinations cannot be appealed for any lot or product 
consisting of less than 10 similar units. Moreover, appeal service will 
not be furnished with respect to product that has been altered or has 
undergone any material change since the original service.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 54.20  Request for appeal service.

    Except as otherwise provided in Sec. 54.19, a request for appeal 
service with respect to any product under the regulations may be made by 
any person who is financially interested in the product when he 
disagrees with the determination as to class, grade, other quality, or 
compliance of the product as shown by the markings on the product or its 
containers, or as stated in the applicable certificate. A request for 
appeal service shall be filed with the Chief, directly or through the 
official grader who performed the original service or the official in 
charge of the office of grading to which such grader was assigned at the 
time of the service, or through the nearest office of grading. The 
request shall state the reasons therefor and may be accompanied by a 
copy of any previous certificate or report, or any other information 
which the applicant may have received regarding the product at the time 
of the original service. Such request may be made orally (including by 
telephone) or in writing (including by telegram). If made orally, the 
person receiving the

[[Page 39]]

request may require that it be confirmed in writing. Requests for appeal 
service received through an official grader or an office of grading 
shall be transmitted promptly to the Chief for instructions.



Sec. 54.21  When request for appeal service may be withdrawn.

    A request for appeal service may be withdrawn by the applicant at 
any time before the appeal service has been performed, upon payment of 
any expenses already incurred under the regulations by the Branch in 
connection therewith.



Sec. 54.22  Denial or withdrawal of appeal service.

    A request for appeal service may be rejected or such service may be 
otherwise denied to or withdrawn from any person, without a hearing, in 
accordance with the procedure set forth in Sec. 54.11(b), if it shall 
appear that the person or product involved is not eligible for appeal 
service under Sec. 54.19, or that the identity of the product has been 
lost; or for any of the causes set forth in Sec. 54.11(b). Appeal 
service may also be denied to, or withdrawn from, any person in any case 
under Sec. 54.11(a), in accordance with the procedure set forth in said 
section.



Sec. 54.23  Who shall perform appeal service.

    Appeal service for products shall be performed by official graders 
designated by the Chief or by the official in charge of an office of 
grading when so authorized by the Chief, and shall be conducted jointly 
by two official graders, or more when practicable. No official grader 
shall perform appeal service for any product for which he previously 
performed the service.



Sec. 54.24  Appeal certificates.

    Immediately after appeal service has been performed for any 
products, a certificate designated as an ``appeal certificate'' shall be 
prepared, signed, and issued referring specifically to the original 
certificate and stating the class, grade, other quality, or compliance 
of the products as shown by the appeal service.



Sec. 54.25  Superseded certificates.

    The appeal certificate shall supersede the original certificate 
which, thereupon, shall become null and void and shall not thereafter be 
deemed to show the class, grade, other quality, or compliance of the 
products described therein. However, the fees charged for the original 
service shall not be remitted. If the original and all copies of the 
superseded certificate are not delivered to the official with whom the 
request for appeal service is filed, the official graders issuing the 
appeal certificate shall forward notice of such issuance and of the 
cancellation of the original certificate to such persons as they may 
deem necessary to prevent fraudulent use of the superseded certificate.



Sec. 54.26  Application of other regulations to appeal service.

    The regulations in Secs. 54.1 through 54.18 and Secs. 54.27 through 
54.30 shall apply to appeal service except insofar as they are 
manifestly inapplicable.

                           Charges for Service



Sec. 54.27  Fees and other charges for service.

    Fees and other charges equal as nearly as may be to the cost of the 
services rendered shall be assessed and collected from applicants in 
accordance with the following provisions unless otherwise provided in 
the cooperative agreement under which the services are furnished, or as 
provided in Sec. 54.6.
    (a) Fees for Service on Noncommitment Basis (Hourly Rates). Except 
as otherwise provided in this section, fees for service shall be based 
on the time required to render the service, calculated to the nearest 
15-minute period, including official grader's travel and certificate(s) 
preparation time in connection with the performance of service. A 
minimum charge of one-half hour shall be made for service pursuant to 
each request notwithstanding that the time required to perform service 
may be less than 30 minutes. The base hourly rate for noncommitment 
applicants shall be $39.00 per hour for 8 hours or less of work 
performed between the hours of 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except on legal holidays; $44.60 per hour for work performed in excess 
of 8

[[Page 40]]

hours per day for each assigned official grader and for work performed 
before 6 a.m. and after 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, and any time 
Saturday or Sunday, except on Federal legal holidays; and $73.20 per 
hour for all work performed on Federal legal holidays.
    (b) Fees for Service on Commitment Basis. Minimum fees for service 
performed under a commitment agreement or an agreement by memorandum 
shall be on the basis of 8 hours per day, Monday through Friday, 
excluding Federal legal holidays occurring Monday through Friday on 
which no grading and certification services are performed. The base 
hourly rate for service performed under such agreements shall be $36.60 
per hour for 8 consecutive hours or less of work performed between the 
hours of 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, except on Federal 
legal holidays; $44.60 per hour for work performed in excess of 8 hours 
per day for each assigned official grader and for work performed before 
6 a.m. and after 6 p.m., Monday through Friday, and any time Saturday or 
Sunday, except on Federal legal holidays; and $73.20 per hour for all 
work performed on Federal legal holidays. The Agency reserves the right 
under such a commitment agreement or agreement by memorandum to use any 
grader assigned to the plant on a commitment basis to perform service 
for other applicants, as provided in Sec. 54.6(c), crediting the 
commitment applicant with the number of hours charged to the other 
applicant, provided the allowable credit hours plus hours actually 
worked for the applicants do not exceed 8 hours on any day, Monday 
through Friday, excluding legal holidays.
    (c) Travel charges. When service is requested at a place so distant 
from an official grader's headquarters, or place of prior assignment on 
a circuitous routing that a total of one-half hour or more is required 
for the grader to travel to such place and back to the headquarters, or 
to the next place of assignment on a circuitous routing, the charge for 
such service shall include a mileage charge administratively determined 
by the Chief, and travel tolls, if applicable, for such travel prorated 
against all the applicants furnished the service involved on an 
equitable basis, or where the travel is made by public transportation 
(including hired vehicles), a fee equal to the actual cost thereof. 
However, the applicant will not be charged a new mileage rate without 
notification before the service is rendered.
    (d) Per diem charges. When service is requested at a place away from 
the official grader's headquarters, the fee for such service shall 
include a per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid 
per diem in accordance with existing travel regulations. Per diem 
charges to applicants will cover the same period of time for which the 
grader receives per diem reimbursement. The per diem rate will be 
administratively determined by the Chief. However, the applicant will 
not be charged a new per diem rate without notification before the 
service is rendered.
    (e) Fees for appeal service. Fees for appeal service shall be 
determined on the basis of the time, of two official graders, required 
to render the service, calculated to the nearest fifteen-minute period, 
including the time required for the preparation of certificates and 
travel of such graders in connection with the performance of the 
service, at the applicable hourly rate prescribed in paragraph (a) of 
this section, plus any travel charges and per diem for such graders 
ordinarily chargeable under paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section: 
Provided, That when on appeal it is found that there was error in the 
original determination equal to or exceeding ten percent of the total 
number of similar units of the products involved, no charge will be made 
for the appeal service unless a special agreement therefor was made with 
the applicant in advance.
    (f) Fees for extra copies of certificates. In addition to copies of 
certificates furnished under Sec. 54.14, any financially interested 
person may obtain not to exceed three copies of any such certificate 
within one year from its date of issuance upon payment of a fee of 
$1.00, and not to exceed three copies of any such certificate at any 
time thereafter, while a copy of such certificate is on file in the 
Department, upon payment of a fee of $5.00.

[[Page 41]]

    (g) Other charges. When costs, other than costs specified in 
paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section, are 
involved in providing the services, the applicant will be charged for 
these costs. The amount of these charges will be determined 
administratively by the Chief. However, the applicant will not be 
charged for such cost without notification before the service is 
rendered of the charge for such item of expense.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, 
and amended at 47 FR 44704, Oct. 12, 1982; 51 FR 21135, June 11, 1986; 
54 FR 21401, May 18, 1989; 55 FR 20443, May 17, 1990; 57 FR 11427, Apr. 
3, 1992; 58 FR 48592, Sept. 17, 1993; 58 FR 64670, Dec. 9, 1993; 59 FR 
1890, Jan. 13, 1994; 59 FR 13643, Mar. 23, 1994]



Sec. 54.28  Payment of fees and other charges.

    Fees and other charges for service shall be paid in accordance with 
the following provisions unless otherwise provided in the cooperative 
agreement under which the service is furnished. Upon receipt of billing 
for fees and other charges for service the applicant shall remit by 
check, draft, or money order, made payable to the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, USDA, payment for the service in accordance with directions on 
the billing, and such fees and charges shall be paid in advance if 
required by the official grader or other authorized official.

                              Miscellaneous



Sec. 54.29  Identification.

    All official graders and supervisors of grading shall have their 
Agricultural Marketing Service identification cards in their possession 
at all times while they are performing any function under the 
regulations and shall identify themselves by such cards upon request.



Sec. 54.30   Errors in service.

    When an official grader, supervisor of grading, or other responsible 
employee of the Branch has evidence of misgrading, or of incorrect 
certification or other incorrect determination or identification as to 
the class, grade, other quality, or compliance of a product, he shall 
report the matter to his immediate supervisor. The supervisor of grading 
will investigate the matter and, if he deems advisable, will report it 
to the owner or his agent. The supervisor of grading shall take 
appropriate action to correct errors found in the determination or 
identification of class, grade or other quality or compliance of 
products if the products are still owned by the person who owned them 
when, and are still located at the establishment where, the incorrect 
service was rendered and if such service was rendered by a grader under 
the jurisdiction of such supervisor, and the supervisor of grading shall 
take adequate measures to prevent the recurrence of such errors.



Sec. 54.31  Uniforms.

    All meat graders and their supervisory personnel are required to 
wear clean, white, well-maintained outer frocks while performing any 
function under these regulations involving contact with or the handling 
of any meat or meat product.

[45 FR 19214, Mar. 25, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



                          Subpart B--Standards

                              Carcass Beef



Sec. 54.102  Scope.

    These standards for grades of beef are written primarily in terms of 
carcasses. However, they also are applicable to the grading of sides. To 
simplify phrasing of the standards, the words ``carcass'' and 
``carcasses'' are used to also mean ``side'' or ``sides.''

[45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 54.103  Classes of beef carcasses.

    (a) Class determination of beef carcasses is based on evidences of 
maturity and apparent sex condition at the time of slaughter. The 
classes of beef carcasses are steers, bullocks, bulls, heifers, and 
cows. Carcasses from males--steers, bullocks, and bulls--are 
distinguished from carcasses from females--heifers and cows--as follows:
    (1) Steer, bullock, and bull carcasses have a ``pizzle muscle'' 
(attachment of

[[Page 42]]

the penis) and related ``pizzle eye'' adjacent to the posterior end of 
the aitchbone.
    (2) Steer, bullock, and bull carcasses have, if present, rather 
rough, irregular fat in the region of the cod. In heifer and cow 
carcasses, the fat in this region, if present, is much smoother.
    (3) In steer, bullock, and bull carcasses, the area of lean exposed 
immediately ventral to the aitchbone is much smaller than in heifer and 
cow carcasses.
    (b) Steer, bullock, and bull carcasses are distinguished by the 
following:
    (1) In steer carcasses, the ``pizzle muscle'' is relatively small, 
light red in color, and fine in texture and the related ``pizzle eye'' 
is relatively small.
    (2) In bullock and bull carcasses, the ``pizzle muscle'' is 
relatively large, dark red in color, and coarse in texture and the 
related ``pizzle eye'' is relatively large.
    (3) Bullock and bull carcasses usually have a noticeable crest.
    (4) Bullock and bull carcasses also usually have a noticeably 
developed small round muscle adjacent to the hipbone commonly referred 
to as the ``jump muscle.'' However, in carcasses with a considerable 
amount of external fat, the development of this muscle may be obscured.
    (5) Although the development of the secondary sex characteristics is 
given primary consideration in distinguishing steer carcasses from 
bullock or bull carcasses, this differentiation is also facilitated by 
consideration of the color and texture of the lean. In bullock and bull 
carcasses, the lean is frequently at least dark red in color with a 
dull, ``muddy'' appearance--and in some cases it may have an iridescent 
sheen. Also, it frequently has an ``open'' texture.
    (6) The distinction between bullock and bull carcasses is based 
solely on their evidences of skeletal maturity. Carcasses with the 
maximum maturity permitted in the bullock class have slightly red and 
slightly soft chine bones, and the cartilages on the ends of the 
thoracic vertebrae have some evidence of ossification; the sacral 
vertebrae are completely fused; the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar 
vertebrae are nearly completely ossified; and the rib bones are slightly 
wide and slightly flat. Bull carcasses have evidences of more advanced 
maturity.
    (c) Heifer and cow carcasses are distinguished by the following:
    (1) Heifer carcasses have a relatively small pelvic cavity and a 
slightly curved aitchbone. In cow carcasses, the pelvic cavity is 
relatively large and the aitchbone is nearly straight.
    (2) In heifer carcasses, the udder usually will be present. In cow 
carcasses, the udder usually will have been removed. However, neither of 
these are requirements.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 54.104  Application of standards for grades of carcass beef.

    (a) The carcass beef grades identify two separate general 
considerations: The indicated yield of closely trimmed (\1/2\ inch fat 
or less), boneless retail cuts expected to be derived from the major 
wholesale cuts (round, sirloin, short loin, rib, and square-cut chuck) 
of a carcass, herein referred to as the ``yield grade,'' and 
characteristics of the meat which predict the palatability of the lean, 
herein referred to as the ``quality grade.'' When officially graded, the 
grade of a steer, heifer, cow, or bullock carcass may consist of the 
quality grade only, the yield grade only, or a combination of the 
quality grade and the yield grade. The grade of a bull carcass consists 
of the yield grade only.
    (b) The carcass beef grade standards are written so that the quality 
grade and yield grade standards are contained in separate sections. The 
quality grade section is divided further into two separate sections 
applicable to carcasses from: (1) Steers, heifers, and cows, and (2) 
bullocks. Eight quality grade designations--Prime, Choice, Select, 
Standard, Commercial, Utility, Cutter, and Canner--are applicable to 
steer and heifer carcasses. Except for Prime, the same designations 
apply to cow carcasses. The quality grade designations for bullock 
carcasses are Prime, Choice, Select, Standard, and Utility. There are 
five yield grades applicable to all classes of beef, denoted by numbers 
1 through 5, with Yield

[[Page 43]]

Grade 1 representing the highest degree of cutability.
    (c) When officially graded, bullock and bull beef will be further 
identified for its sex condition; steer, heifer, and cow beef will not 
be so identified. The designated grades of bullock beef are not 
necessarily comparable in quality or cutability with a similarly 
designated grade of beef from steers, heifers, or cows. Neither is the 
cutability of a designated yield grade of bull beef necessarily 
comparable with a similarly designated yield grade of steer, heifer, 
cow, or bullock beef.
    (d) The Department uses photographs and other objective aids in the 
correct interpretation and application of the standards.
    (e) To determine the grade of a carcass, it must be split down the 
back into two sides and one or both sides must be partially separated 
into a hindquarter and forequarter by cutting it with a saw and knife 
insofar as practicable, as follows: A saw cut perpendicular to both the 
long axis and split surface of the vertebral column is made across the 
12th thoracic vertebra at a point which leaves not more than one-half of 
this vertebra on the hindquarters. The knife cut across the ribeye 
muscle starts--or terminates--opposite the above-described saw cut. From 
that point it extends across the ribeye muscle perpendicular to the 
outside skin surface of the carcass at an angle toward the hindquarter 
which is slightly greater (more nearly horizontal) than the angle made 
by the 13th rib with the vertebral column of the hindquarter posterior 
to that point. As a result of this cut, the outer end of the cut surface 
of the ribeye muscle is closer to the 12th rib than is the end next to 
the chine bone. Beyond the ribeye, the knife cut shall continue between 
the 12th and 13th ribs to a point which will adequately expose the 
distribution of fat and lean in this area. The knife cut may be made 
prior to or following the saw cut but must be smooth and even, such as 
would result from a single stroke of a very sharp knife.
    (f) Other methods of ribbing may prevent an accurate evaluation of 
the grade determining characteristics. Therefore, carcasses ribbed by 
other methods will be eligible for grading only if an accurate grade 
determination can be made by the official grader under the standards.
    (g) Beveling of the fat over the ribeye, application of pressure, or 
any other influences which may alter the characteristics of the ribeye 
or thickness of fat over the ribeye prevent an accurate grade 
determination. Therefore, carcasses subjected to such influences shall 
not be eligible for grade determinations, and the presentation of such 
carcasses for official grade determinations shall be considered a 
fraudulent or deceptive practice in connection with the services 
requested for such carcasses. Carcasses that have had more than minor 
amounts of external fat removed shall not be eligible for a yield grade 
determination, although carcasses with only minor amounts of external 
fat removed may be yield graded if the official grader determines that 
an accurate yield grade determination can be made. Although entire 
carcasses with more than minor amounts of lean removed from the major 
wholesale cuts (round, sirloin, short loin, rib, or square-cut chuck) 
shall not be eligible for grade determinations, the remaining portions 
of these carcasses which are unaffected by the removal of lean shall 
remain eligible for grade determinations, provided that a cross section 
at the 12th-13th rib is available and accurate grade determinations may 
be made.
    (h) When both sides of a carcass have been ribbed prior to 
presentation for grading and the characteristics of the two ribeyes 
(area, marbling, color, texture, and firmness) would justify different 
quality and/or yield grades, the final grade of the carcass shall 
reflect the ``highest'' of each of these grades as determined from 
either side.
    (i) To meet the demand of export trade or changing trade practices, 
grading of carcasses ribbed other than between the 12th and 13th ribs 
may be approved by the Director. In such cases, grading shall be based 
on the requirements specified in these standards and shall be consistent 
with the normal development of grade characteristics in various parts of 
a carcass of the quality level involved. When an exception is granted 
for export trade, such

[[Page 44]]

carcasses shall be identified with the word ``EXPORT'' in such a manner 
that will clearly distinguish them from other officially graded beef.
    (j) Carcasses qualifying for any particular grade may vary with 
respect to their relative development of the various grade factors. 
There will be carcasses that qualify for a particular grade, some of 
whose characteristics may be more nearly typical of another grade. For 
example, in comparison with the descriptions of maturity contained in 
the standards, a particular carcass might have a greater relative degree 
of ossification of the cartilages on the ends of its lumbar vertebrae 
than its other evidences of maturity. In such instances, the maturity of 
the carcass is not determined solely by the ossification of the lumbar 
vertebrae but neither is this ignored. All of the maturity-indicating 
factors are considered. In making any composite evaluation of two or 
more factors, it must be remembered that they seldom are developed to 
the same degree. Because it is impractical to describe the nearly 
limitless number of recognizable combinations of characteristics, the 
standards for each quality grade and yield grade describe only beef 
which has a relatively similar degree of development of the various 
factors affecting its quality and yield. Also, the quality grade and 
yield grade standards each describe beef which is representative of the 
lower limits of each quality grade and yield grade.
    (k) For steer, heifer, and cow beef, quality of the lean is 
evaluated by considering its marbling and firmness as observed in a cut 
surface in relation to carcass evidences of maturity. The maturity of 
the carcass is determined by evaluating the size, shape, and 
ossification of the bones and cartilages--especially the split chine 
bones--and the color and texture of the lean flesh. In the split chine 
bones, ossification changes occur at an earlier stage of maturity in the 
posterior portion of the vertebral column (sacral vertebrae) and at 
progressively later stages of maturity in the lumbar and thoracic 
vertebrae. The ossification changes that occur in the cartilages on the 
ends of the split thoracic vertebrae are especially useful in evaluating 
maturity and these vertebrae are referred to frequently in the 
standards. Unless otherwise specified in the standards, whenever 
reference is made to the ossification of cartilages on the thoracic 
vertebrae, this shall be construed to refer to the cartilages attached 
to the thoracic vertebrae at the posterior end of the forequarter. The 
size and shape of the rib bones also are important considerations in 
evaluating differences in maturity. In the very youngest carcasses 
considered as ``beef,'' the cartilages on the ends of the chine bones 
show no ossification, cartilage is evident on all of the vertebrae of 
the spinal column, and the sacral vertebrae show distinct separation. In 
addition, the split vertebrae usually are soft and porous and very red 
in color. In such carcasses, the rib bones have only a slight tendency 
toward flatness. In progressively more mature carcasses, ossification 
changes become evident first in the bones and cartilages of the sacral 
vertebrae, then in the lumbar vertebrae, and still later in the thoracic 
vertebrae. In beef which is very advanced in maturity, all the split 
vertebrae will be devoid of red color, very hard and flinty, and the 
cartilages on the ends of all the vertebrae will be entirely ossified. 
Likewise, with advancing maturity, the rib bones will become 
progressively wider and flatter until in very mature beef the ribs will 
be very wide and flat.
    (l) In steer, heifer, and cow beef, the color and texture of the 
lean flesh also undergo progressive changes with advancing maturity. In 
the very youngest carcasses considered as ``beef,'' the lean flesh will 
be very fine in texture and light grayish red in color. In progressively 
more mature carcasses, the texture of the lean will become progressively 
coarser and the color of the lean will become progressively darker red. 
In very mature beef, the lean flesh will be very coarse in texture and 
very dark red in color. Since color of lean also is affected by 
variations in quality, references to color of lean in the standards for 
a given degree of maturity vary slightly with different levels of 
quality. In determining the maturity of a carcass in which the skeletal 
evidences of maturity are different from those indicated by the color 
and

[[Page 45]]

texture of the lean, slightly more emphasis is placed on the 
characteristics of the bones and cartilages than on the characteristics 
of the lean. In no case can the overall maturity of the carcass be 
considered more than one full maturity group different from that 
indicated by its bones and cartilages.
    (m) The preceding two paragraphs also are applicable to the 
determination of quality in bullock beef except for carcasses having 
darker colors of lean than specified in the standards for the quality 
level for which they would otherwise qualify. In such carcasses, 
maturity will be evaluated on the basis of skeletal characteristics 
only, and the final grade will be determined in accordance with the 
procedures specified in the standards for grading ``dark-cutting beef.''
    (n) In determining compliance with the maximum maturity limits for 
the Prime, Choice, and Standard grades for steer, heifer, and cow 
carcasses, color and texture of the lean are considered only when the 
maturity-indicating factors other than color and texture of the lean 
indicate only a slightly more advanced degree of maturity than that 
specified as maximum for these grades, and provided further that the 
lean is considerably finer in texture and lighter in color than normal 
for the grade and maturity involved. The same principle, in reverse, is 
likewise applicable to determining compliance with the minimum maturity 
limits of the Commercial grade.
    (o) These standards are applicable to the grading of beef throughout 
the full range of maturity within which cattle are marketed. However, in 
steer, heifer, and cow carcasses, the range of maturity permitted within 
each of the grades varies considerably. The Prime, Choice, Select, and 
Standard grades are restricted to beef from young cattle; the Commercial 
grade is restricted to beef from cattle too mature for Prime, Choice, 
and Standard; and the Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades may include 
beef from animals of all ages. By definition, bullock carcasses are 
restricted to those whose evidences of maturity do not exceed those 
specified for the juncture of the two youngest maturity groups 
referenced in the standards for steer, heifer, and cow carcasses. Except 
for the youngest maturity group and the Choice grade in the second 
maturity group, within any specified grade, the requirements for 
marbling increase progressively with evidences of advancing maturity. In 
the youngest maturity group, the marbling requirements do not increase 
progressively with evidences of advancing maturity. For each grade, the 
firmness requirements are different for each maturity group, but, within 
each maturity group, the firmness requirements do not increase 
progressively with evidences of advancing maturity. Also, regardless of 
the extent to which marbling may exceed the minimum of a grade, a 
carcass must meet the minimum firmness requirements for its maturity to 
qualify for that grade. To facilitate the application of these 
principles, the standards recognize five different maturity groups and 
seven different degrees of marbling. The five maturity groups are 
identified in Figure 1 as A, B, C, D, and E in order of increasing 
maturity. The limits of these five maturity groups are specified in the 
grade descriptions for steer, heifer, and cow carcasses. The A maturity 
portion of the figure is the only portion applicable to bullock 
carcasses. The degrees of marbling referenced in the specifications, in 
order of descending quantity are: Slightly abundant, moderate, modest, 
small, slight, traces, and practically devoid. However, for carcass 
evaluation programs and other purposes, three higher degrees are 
recognized--moderately abundant, abundant, and very abundant. 
Illustrations of the lower limits of nine of these ten degrees of 
marbling are available from the Department of Agriculture.

[[Page 46]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30JA96.006


    (p) The relationship between marbling, maturity and quality grade is 
shown in Figure 1. This figure assumes that the firmness of lean is 
comparably developed with the degree of marbling and that the carcass is 
not a ``dark cutter.'' From this figure it can be seen,

[[Page 47]]

for instance, that the minimum marbling requirement for Choice varies 
from a minimum small amount for carcasses throughout the youngest 
maturity group to a maximum small amount for carcasses having the 
maximum maturity permitted in Choice. Likewise, in the Commercial grade 
the minimum marbling requirement varies from a minimum small amount in 
beef with the minimum maturity permitted to a maximum moderate amount in 
beef from very mature animals. The marbling and other lean flesh 
characteristics specified for the various grades are based on their 
appearance in the ribeye muscle of properly chilled carcasses that are 
ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs. For carcass evaluation programs 
and other purposes, in the Prime and Commercial grades, each additional 
degree of marbling (up to three) greater than specified as minimum for 
each of these grades is equal to one-third of a grade of higher quality.
    (q) References to color of lean in the standards for steer, heifer, 
and cow beef involve only colors associated with changes in maturity. 
They are not intended to apply to colors of lean associated with so-
called ``dark-cutting beef.'' Dark-cutting beef is believed to be the 
result of a reduced sugar content of the lean at the time of slaughter. 
As a result, this condition does not have the same significance in 
grading as do the darker shades of red associated with advancing 
maturity. The dark color of the lean associated with ``dark-cutting 
beef'' is present in varying degrees from that which is barely evident 
to so-called ``black cutters'' in which the lean is actually nearly 
black in color and usually has a ``gummy'' texture. Although there is 
little or no evidence which indicates that the ``dark-cutting'' 
condition has any adverse effect on palatability, it is considered in 
grading because of its effect on acceptability and value. Depending on 
the degree to which this characteristic is developed, the final grade of 
carcasses which otherwise would qualify for the Prime, Choice, or Select 
grades may be reduced as much as one full grade. In beef otherwise 
eligible for the Standard or Commercial grade, the final grade may be 
reduced as much as one-half of a grade. In the Utility, Cutter, and 
Canner grades, this condition is not considered.
    (r) The yield grade of a beef carcass is determined by considering 
four characteristics: (1) The amount of external fat, (2) the amount of 
kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, (3) the area of the ribeye muscle, and 
(4) the carcass weight.
    (s) The amount of external fat on a carcass is evaluated in terms of 
the thickness of this fat over the ribeye muscle, measured perpendicular 
to the outside surface at a point three-fourths of the length of the 
ribeye from its chine bone end. This measurement may be adjusted, as 
necessary, to reflect unusual amounts of fat on other parts of the 
carcass. In determining the amount of this adjustment, if any, 
particular attention is given to the amount of fat in such areas as the 
brisket, plate, flank, cod or udder, inside round, rump, and hips in 
relation to the actual thickness of fat over the ribeye. Thus, in a 
carcass which is fatter over other areas than is indicated by the fat 
measurement over the ribeye, the measurement is adjusted upward. 
Conversely, in a carcass which has less fat over the other areas than is 
indicated by the fat measurement over the ribeye, the measurement is 
adjusted downward. In many carcasses no such adjustment is necessary; 
however, an adjustment in the thickness of fat measurement of one-tenth 
or two-tenths of an inch is not uncommon. In some carcasses a greater 
adjustment may be necessary. As the amount of external fat increases, 
the percent of retail cuts decreases--each one-tenth inch change in 
adjusted fat thickness over the ribeye changes the yield grade by 25 
percent of a yield grade.
    (t) The amount of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat considered in 
determining the yield grade includes the kidney knob (kidney and 
surrounding fat), the lumbar and pelvic fat in the loin and round, and 
the heart fat in the chuck and brisket area which are removed in making 
closely trimmed retail cuts. The amount of these fats is evaluated 
subjectively and expressed as a percent of the carcass weight. As the 
amount of kidney, pelvic, and heart fat increases, the percent of retail 
cuts decreases--a change of 1 percent of the carcass

[[Page 48]]

weight in these fats changes the yield grade by 20 percent of a yield 
grade.
    (u) The area of the ribeye is determined where this muscle is 
exposed by ribbing. This area usually is estimated subjectively; 
however, it may be measured. Area of ribeye measurements may be made by 
means of a grid calibrated in tenths of a square inch or by other 
devices designated by the Agricultural Marketing Service of the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture.\1\ An increase in the area of ribeye 
increases the percent of retail cuts--a change of 1 square inch in area 
of ribeye changes the yield grade by approximately 30 percent of a yield 
grade.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Information concerning such devices may be obtained from the 
Agricultural Marketing Service, Meat Quality Division.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (v) Hot carcass weight (or chilled carcass weight x 102 percent) is 
used in determining the yield grade. As carcass weight increases, the 
percent of retail cuts decreases--a change of 100 pounds in hot carcass 
weight changes the yield grade by approximately 40 percent of a yield 
grade.
    (w) The standards include a mathematical equation for determining 
yield grade. This grade is expressed as a whole number; any fractional 
part of a designation is always dropped. For example, if the computation 
results in a designation of 3.9, the final grade is 3--it is not rounded 
to 4.
    (x) The yield grade standards for each of the first four yield 
grades list characteristics of two carcasses of two different weights 
together with descriptions of the usual fat deposition pattern on 
various areas of the carcass. These descriptions are not specific 
requirements--they are included only as illustrations of carcasses which 
are near the borderlines between groups. For example, the 
characteristics listed for Yield Grade 1 represent carcasses which are 
near the borderline of Yield Grades 1 and 2.

These descriptions facilitate the subjective determination of the yield 
grade without making detailed measurements and computations. The yield 
grade for most beef carcasses can be determined accurately on the basis 
of a visual appraisal.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51762, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 52 FR 35683, 
Sept. 23, 1987; 54 FR 3411, Jan. 24, 1989; 61 FR 2896, Jan. 30, 1996]

    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 2896, Jan. 30, 1996, Sec. 54.104 was 
amended by removing the word ``Select'' in paragraph (n), revising the 
third and fifth sentences and Figure 1 in paragraph (o), effective July 
1, 1996. At 61 FR 19155, May 1, 1996, the effective date was postponed 
until Jan. 31, 1997. For the convenience of the reader, the superseded 
text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 54.104  Application of standards for grades of carcass beef.

                               * * * * * *

    (o) * * * The Prime, Choice, Select, and Standard grades are 
restricted to beef from young cattle; the Commercial grade is restricted 
to beef from cattle too mature for Prime, Choice, Select, and Standard, 
and the Utility, Cutter, and Canner grades may include beef from animals 
of all ages. * * * Except for the youngest maturity group, within any 
specified grade, the requirements for marbling increase progressively 
with evidences of advancing maturity. * * *

[[Page 49]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.009



                                * * * * *



Sec. 54.105  Specifications for official United States standards for grades of carcass beef (yield).

    (a) The yield grade of a beef carcass is determined on the basis of 
the following equation: Yield grade--2.50+(2.50 x adjusted fat 
thickness, inches)+(0.20 x percent kidney, pelvic, and heart 
fat)+(0.0038 x hot carcass weight, pounds)--(0.32 x area ribeye, square 
inches).
    (b) The following descriptions provide a guide to the 
characteristics of carcasses in each yield grade to aid in determining 
yield grades subjectively.
    (1) Yield Grade 1. (i) A carcass in Yield Grade 1 usually has only a 
thin layer of external fat over the ribs, loins, rumps, and clods and 
slight deposits of fat in the flanks and cod or udder. There is usually 
a very thin layer of fat over the outside of the rounds and over the 
tops of the shoulders and necks. Muscles are usually visible through the 
fat in many areas of the carcass.
    (ii) A 500-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 1 and 2 might have three-tenths inch of fat 
over the ribeye, 11.5 square inches of ribeye, and 2.5 percent of its 
weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (iii) An 800-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 1 and 2 might have four-tenths inch of fat 
over the ribeye, 16.0 square inches of ribeye, and 2.5 percent of its 
weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (2) Yield Grade 2. (i) A carcass in Yield Grade 2 usually is nearly 
completely covered with fat but the lean is plainly visible through the 
fat over the outside of the rounds, the tops of the shoulders, and the 
necks. There usually is a slightly thin layer of fat over the loins, 
ribs, and inside rounds and the fat over the rumps, hips, and clods 
usually is slightly thick. There are usually small deposits of fat in 
the flanks and cod or udder.
    (ii) A 500-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 2 and 3 might have five-tenths inch of fat 
over the ribeye, 10.5 square inches of ribeye, and 3.5 percent of its 
weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (iii) An 800-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 2 and 3 might have

[[Page 50]]

six-tenths inch of fat over the ribeye, 15.0 square inches of ribeye, 
and 3.5 percent of its weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (3) Yield Grade 3. (i) A carcass in Yield Grade 3 usually is 
completely covered with fat and the lean usually is visible through the 
fat only on the necks and the lower part of the outside of the rounds. 
There usually is a slightly thick layer of fat over the loins, ribs, and 
inside rounds and the fat over the rumps, hips, and clods usually is 
moderately thick. There usually are slightly large deposits of fat in 
the flanks and cod or udder.
    (ii) A 500-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 3 and 4 might have seven-tenths inch of fat 
over the ribeye, 9.5 square inches of ribeye, and 4.0 percent of its 
weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (iii) An 800-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 3 and 4 might have eight-tenths inch of fat 
over the ribeye, 14.0 square inches of ribeye, 4.5 percent of its weight 
in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (4) Yield Grade 4. (i) A carcass in Yield Grade 4 usually is 
completely covered with fat. The only muscles usually visible are those 
on the shanks and over the outside of the plates and flanks. There 
usually is a moderately thick layer of fat over the loins, ribs, and 
inside rounds and the fat over the rumps, hips, and clods usually is 
thick. There usually are large deposits of fat in the flanks and cod or 
udder.
    (ii) A 500-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 4 and 5 might have one inch of fat over the 
ribeye, 9.0 square inches of ribeye, and 4.5 percent of its carcass 
weight in kidney, pelvic, and heart fat.
    (iii) A 800-pound carcass of this yield grade which is near the 
borderline of Yield Grades 4 and 5 might have one and one-tenth inch of 
fat over the ribeye, 13.5 square inches of ribeye, and 5.0 percent of 
its weight in kidney, pelvic and heart fat.
    (5) Yield Grade 5. A carcass in Yield Grade 5 usually has more fat 
on all of the various parts, a smaller area of ribeye, and more kidney, 
pelvic, and heart fat than a carcass in Yield Grade 4.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51763, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 54.106  Specifications for official United States standards for grades of carcass beef (quality-steer, heifer, cow).

    (a) Prime. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef carcasses 
possessing the minimum requirements for the Prime grade vary in their 
other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. Minimum 
quality characteristics are described for two maturity groups, which 
cover the entire range of maturity permitted in the Prime grade.
    (2) Carcasses in the younger group range from the youngest that are 
eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture of the two maturity 
groups, which have slightly red and slightly soft chine bones and 
cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that have some evidence 
of ossification. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely fused 
and the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are nearly 
completely ossified. The rib bones are slightly wide and slightly flat 
and the ribeye muscle is light red in color and is fine in texture. In 
carcasses throughout the range of maturity included in this group, a 
minimum slightly abundant amount of marbling is required (see Figure 1) 
and the ribeye muscle is moderately firm.
    (3) Carcasses in the older group range from those described above as 
representative of the juncture of the two groups to those at the maximum 
maturity permitted in the Prime grade, which have chine bones tinged 
with red and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that are 
partially ossified. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely 
fused, the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are completely 
ossified, and the cut surface of the lean tends to be fine in texture. 
The minimum degree of marbling required increases with advancing 
maturity throughout this group from minimum slightly abundant to maximum 
slightly abundant (see Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle is firm.

[[Page 51]]

    (4) Beef produced from cows is not eligible for the Prime grade.
    (b) Choice. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef 
carcasses possessing the minimum requirements for the Choice grade vary 
in their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. 
Minimum quality characteristics are described for two maturity groups, 
which cover the entire range of maturity permitted in the Choice grade.
    (2) Carcasses in the younger group range from the youngest that are 
eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture of the two maturity 
groups, which have slightly red and slightly soft chine bones and 
cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that have some evidence 
of ossification. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely fused 
and the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are nearly 
completely ossified. The rib bones are slightly wide and slightly flat 
and the ribeye muscle is moderately light red in color and is fine in 
texture. In carcasses throughout the range of maturity included in this 
group, a minimum small amount of marbling is required (see Figure 1) and 
the ribeye muscle may be slightly soft.
    (3) Carcasses in the older group range from those described above as 
representative of the juncture of the two groups to those at the maximum 
maturity permitted in the Choice grade, which have chine bones tinged 
with red and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae are 
partially ossified. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely 
fused, the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are completely 
ossified, and the cut surface of the lean tends to be fine in texture. 
In carcasses throughout the range of maturity included in this group, a 
minimum modest amount of marbling is required (see Figure 1) and the 
ribeye muscle is slightly firm.
    (c) Select. (1) For carcasses throughout the range of maturity 
permitted in the Select grade, the minimum degree of marbling required 
is a minimum slight amount (see Figure 1) and the ribeye may be 
moderately soft.
    (2) Carcasses in the maturity group permitted range from the 
youngest that are eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture 
of the two youngest maturity groups, which have slightly red and 
slightly soft chine bones and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic 
vertebrae that have some evidence of ossification. In addition, the 
sacral vertebrae are completely fused and the cartilages on the ends of 
the lumbar vertebrae are nearly completely ossified. The rib bones are 
slightly wide and slightly flat and the ribeye muscle is slightly light 
red in color and is fine in texture.
    (3) Carcasses in the older group range from those described above as 
representative of the juncture of the two groups to those at the maximum 
maturity permitted in the Select grade, which have chine bones tinged 
with red and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that are 
partially ossified. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely 
fused, the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are completely 
ossified, and the cut surface of the lean tends to be fine in texture. 
The minimum degree of marbling required increases with advancing 
maturity throughout this group from a minimum slight amount to a maximum 
slight amount (see Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle may be slightly soft.
    (d) Standard. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef 
carcasses possessing the minimum requirements for the standard grade 
vary in their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye 
muscle. Minimum quality characteristics are described for two maturity 
groups which cover the entire range of maturity permitted in the 
Standard grade.
    (2) Carcasses in the younger group range from the youngest that are 
eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture of the two maturity 
groups, which have slightly red and slightly soft chine bones and 
cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that have some evidence 
of ossification. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely fused 
and the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are nearly 
completely ossified. The rib bones are slightly wide and slightly flat 
and the ribeye muscle is slightly dark red in color and is fine in 
texture. In carcasses throughout the range of maturity included in this 
group, a minimum

[[Page 52]]

practically devoid amount of marbling is required (see Figure 1) and the 
ribeye muscle may be soft.
    (3) Carcasses in the older group range from those described above as 
representative of the juncture of the two groups to those at the maximum 
maturity permitted in the Standard grade, which have chine bones tinged 
with red and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that are 
partially ossified. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely 
fused, the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are completely 
ossified, and the cut surface of the lean is moderately fine in texture. 
The minimum degree of marbling required increases with advancing 
maturity throughout this group from minimum practically devoid to 
maximum practically devoid (see Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle may be 
moderately soft.
    (e) Commercial. (1) Commercial grade beef carcasses are restricted 
to those with evidences of more advanced maturity than permitted in the 
Standard grade. Depending on their degree of maturity, beef carcasses 
possessing the minimum requirements for the Commercial grade vary in 
their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. 
Minimum quality characteristics are described for the youngest and the 
most mature of these groups. The requirements for the intermediate group 
are determined by interpolation between the requirements indicated for 
the two groups described.
    (2) Carcasses in the youngest group permitted in the Commercial 
grade range from those with indications of maturity barely more advanced 
than described as maximum for the Standard grade to those with 
moderately hard, rather white chine bones and with cartilages on the 
ends of the thoracic vertebrae that show considerable ossification but 
the outlines of the cartilages are still plainly visible. In addition, 
the rib bones are moderately wide and flat and the ribeye muscle is 
moderately dark red and slightly coarse in texture. The minimum degree 
of marbling required increases with advancing maturity throughout this 
group from a minimum small amount to a maximum small amount (see Figure 
1) and the ribeye muscle is slightly firm.
    (3) The youngest carcasses in the most mature group included in the 
Commercial grade have hard, white chine bones and the outlines of the 
cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae are barely visible, the 
rib bones are wide and flat, and the ribeye muscle is dark red and 
coarse in texture. The range in maturity in this group extends to 
include carcasses from the oldest animals marketed. The minimum degree 
of marbling required increases with advancing maturity throughout this 
group from a minimum moderate amount to a maximum moderate amount (see 
Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle is firm.
    (f) Utility. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef 
carcasses possessing the minimum requirements for the Utility grade vary 
in their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. 
Carcasses within the full range of maturity classified as beef are 
included in the Utility grade. Thus, five maturity groups are 
recognized. Minimum quality requirements are described for three of 
these groups--the first or youngest, the third or intermediate, and the 
fifth or the most mature. The requirements for the second and fourth 
maturity groups are determined by interpolation between the requirements 
described for their adjoining groups.
    (2) Carcasses in the first or youngest maturity group range from the 
youngest that are eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture 
of the first two maturity groups, which have slightly red and slightly 
soft chine bones and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae 
that have some evidence of ossification. In addition, the sacral 
vertebrae are completely fused and the cartilages on the ends of the 
lumbar vertebrae are nearly completely ossified. The rib bones are 
slightly flat and the ribeye muscle is slightly dark red in color and 
fine in texture. In carcasses throughout the range of maturity included 
in this group, the ribeye muscle is devoid of marbling and may be soft 
and slightly watery.
    (3) Carcasses in the third or intermediate maturity group range from 
those with indications of maturity barely more advanced than described 
as maximum for the Standard grade to

[[Page 53]]

those with moderately hard, rather white chine bones and with cartilages 
on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that show considerable 
ossification but the outlines of the cartilages are still plainly 
visible. In addition, the rib bones are moderately wide and flat and the 
ribeye muscle is dark red in color and slightly coarse in texture. The 
minimum degree of marbling required increases with advancing maturity 
throughout this group from minimum practically devoid to maximum 
practically devoid (see Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle may be 
moderately soft.
    (4) The youngest carcasses in the fifth or oldest maturity group 
have hard, white chine bones and the outlines of the cartilages on the 
ends of the thoracic vertebrae are barely visible, the rib bones are 
wide and flat, and the ribeye muscle is very dark red in color and 
coarse in texture. The range in maturity in this group extends to 
include carcasses from the oldest animals produced. The minimum degree 
of marbling required increases with advancing maturity throughout this 
group from a minimum slight amount to a maximum slight amount (see 
Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle is slightly firm.
    (g) Cutter. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef 
carcasses possessing the minimum requirements for the Cutter grade vary 
in their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. 
Carcasses within the full range of maturity classified as beef are 
included in the Cutter grade. Thus, five maturity groups are recognized. 
Minimum quality requirements are described for three of these groups--
the first or youngest, the third or intermediate, and the fifth or the 
most mature. The requirements for the second and fourth maturity groups 
are determined by interpolation between the requirements described for 
their adjoining groups.
    (2) Carcasses in the first or youngest maturity group range from the 
youngest that are eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture 
of the first two maturity groups, which have slightly red and slightly 
soft chine bones and cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae 
that have some evidence of ossification. In addition, the sacral 
vertebrae are completely fused and the cartilages on the ends of the 
lumbar vertebrae are nearly completely ossified. The rib bones are 
slightly wide and slightly flat and the ribeye muscle is slightly dark 
red in color and fine in texture. In carcasses throughout the range of 
maturity included in this group, the ribeye muscle is devoid of marbling 
and may be very soft and watery.
    (3) Carcasses in the third or intermediate maturity group range from 
those with indications of maturity barely more advanced than described 
as maximum for the Standard grade to those with moderately hard, rather 
white chine bones and with cartilages on the ends of the thoracic 
vertebrae that show considerable ossification but the outlines of the 
cartilages are still plainly visible. In addition, the rib bones are 
moderately wide and flat and the ribeye muscle is dark red in color and 
slightly coarse in texture. In carcasses throughout the range of 
maturity included in this group, the ribeye muscle is devoid of marbling 
and may be soft and watery.
    (4) Carcasses in the fifth or oldest maturity group have hard white 
chine bones and the outlines of the cartilages on the ends of the 
thoracic vertebrae are barely visible, the rib bones are wide and flat, 
and the ribeye muscle is very dark red in color and coarse in texture. 
The range in maturity in this group extends to include carcasses from 
the oldest animals produced. The minimum degree of marbling required 
increases with advancing maturity throughout this group from minimum 
practically devoid to maximum practically devoid (see Figure 1) and the 
ribeye muscle is soft and slightly watery.
    (h) Canner. The Canner grade includes only those carcasses that are 
inferior to the minimum requirements specified for the Cutter grade.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51763, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 52 FR 35683, 
Sept. 23, 1987; 61 FR 2898, Jan. 30, 1996]

    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 2898, Jan. 30, 1996, Sec. 54.106 was 
amended by revising the third sentence of (b)(3), (c)(1) and (2), and 
removing (c)(3), effective July 1, 1996. At 61 FR 19155, May 1, 1996, 
the effective date was

[[Page 54]]

postponed until Jan. 31, 1997. For the convenience of the reader, the 
superseded text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 54.106  Specifications for official United States standards for 
grades of carcass beef (quality-steer, heifer, cow).

                               * * * * * *

    (b) * * *
    (3) * * * The minimum degree of marbling required increases with 
advancing maturity throughout this group from a minimum small amount to 
a maximum small amount (see Figure 1) and the ribeye muscle is slightly 
firm.
    (c) Select. (1) Depending on their degree of maturity, beef 
carcasses possessing the minimum requirements for the Select grade vary 
in their other indications of quality as evidenced in the ribeye muscle. 
Minimum quality characteristics are described for two maturity groups, 
which cover the entire range of maturity permitted in the Select grade.
    (2) Carcasses in the younger group range from the youngest that are 
eligible for the beef class to those at the juncture of the two maturity 
groups, which have slightly red and slightly soft chine bones and 
cartilages on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae that have some evidence 
of ossification. In addition, the sacral vertebrae are completely fused 
and the cartilages on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are nearly 
completely ossified. The rib bones are slightly wide and slightly flat 
and the ribeye muscle is slightly light red in color and is fine in 
texture. In carcasses throughout the range of maturity included in this 
group, a minimum slight amount of marbling is required (see Figure 1) 
and the ribeye may be moderately soft.

                                * * * * *



Sec. 54.107  Specifications for official United States standards for grades of carcass beef (quality--bullock).

    (a) Prime. For the Prime grade, the minimum degree of marbling 
required is a minimum slightly abundant amount for carcasses throughout 
the range of maturity permitted in the bullock class. The ribeye muscle 
is moderately firm and, in carcasses having the maximum maturity for 
this class, the ribeye is light red in color.
    (b) Choice. For the Choice grade, the minimum degree of marbling 
required is a minimum small amount for carcasses throughout the range of 
maturity permitted in the bullock class. The ribeye muscle may be 
slightly soft and, in carcasses having the maximum maturity for this 
class, the ribeye is moderatlely light red in color.
    (c) Select. For the Select grade, the minimum degree of marbling 
required is a minimum slight amount for carcasses throughout the range 
of maturity permitted in the bullock class. The ribeye muscle may be 
moderately soft and, in carcasses having the maximum maturity for this 
class, the ribeye is slightly light red in color.
    (d) Standard. For the Standard grade, the minimum degree of marbling 
required is a minimum practically devoid amount for carcasses throughout 
the range of maturity permitted in the bullock class. The ribeye muscle 
may be soft and, in carcasses having the maximum maturity for this 
class, the ribeye is slightly dark red in color.
    (e) Utility. The Utility grade includes only those carcasses that do 
not meet the minimum requirements specified for the Standard grade.

[42 FR 53921, Oct. 4, 1977, as amended at 45 FR 51763, Aug. 5, 1980. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 52 FR 35683, 
Sept. 23, 1987]



PART 55--VOLUNTARY INSPECTION OF EGG PRODUCTS AND GRADING--Table of Contents




            Subpart A--Inspection and Grading of Egg Products

                               Definitions

Sec.
55.1  Meaning of words.
55.2  Terms defined.
55.5  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.

                             Administration

55.10  Authority.
55.11  Nondiscrimination.

                                 General

55.20  Kinds of services available.
55.22  Where service is offered.
55.24  Basis of service.
55.25  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.

                         Performance of Services

55.30  Licensed graders and inspectors.
55.40  Suspension of license; revocation.
55.50  Cancellation of license.
55.60  Surrender of license.
55.70  Identification.

[[Page 55]]

55.80  Political activity.
55.90  Authority and duties of inspectors performing service on a 
          resident inspection basis.
55.95  Facilities and equipment to be furnished for use of graders and 
          inspectors in performing service on a resident inspection 
          basis.
55.96  Schedule of operation of official plants.

                         Application for Service

55.100  Who may obtain service.
55.120  Authority of applicant.
55.130  How application for service may be made; conditions of resident 
          service.
55.140  Application for inspection in official plants; approval.
55.150  When application may be rejected.
55.160  When application may be withdrawn.
55.170  Order of service.
55.180  Suspension of plant approval.

                            Denial of Service

55.200  Debarment.
55.220  Other applicable regulations.
55.240  Report of violations.
55.260  Reuse of containers bearing official identification prohibited.

                    Identifying and Marking Products

55.300  Approval of official identification.
55.310  Form of official identification symbol and inspection mark.
55.320  Products that may bear the inspection mark.
55.330  Unauthorized use or disposition of approved labels.
55.340  Supervision of marking and packaging.
55.350  Accessibility of product.
55.360  Certificates.
55.370  Certificate issuance.
55.380  Disposition of certificates.
55.390  Advance information.

                                 Appeals

55.400  Who may request an appeal grading or inspection or review of a 
          grader's or inspector's decision.
55.410  Where to file an appeal.
55.420  How to file an appeal.
55.430  When an application for an appeal grading or inspection may be 
          refused.
55.440  Who shall perform the appeal.
55.450  Procedures for selecting appeal samples.
55.460  Appeal certificates.

                            Fees and Charges

55.500  Payment of fees and charges.
55.510  Fees and charges for services other than on a continuous 
          resident basis.
55.530  Travel expenses and other charges.
55.560  Charges for continuous inspection and grading service on a 
          resident basis.
55.570  Fees for service performed under cooperative agreement.

                  Sanitary and Processing Requirements

55.600  General.
55.650  Inspection and grading.

  Subpart B--Official U.S. Standards for Palatability Scores for Dried 
                               Whole Eggs

55.800  Preparation of samples for palatability test.
55.820  Palatability scores for dried whole eggs.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.

    Source: 36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.



            Subpart A--Inspection and Grading of Egg Products

                               Definitions



Sec. 55.1   Meaning of words.

    Under the regulations in this part words in the singular shall be 
deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as the case may demand.



Sec. 55.2   Terms defined.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this part, unless the context 
otherwise requires, the following terms shall be construed, 
respectively:
    Act means the applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087; 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), or any other Act of 
Congress conferring like authority.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service (AMS) of the Department or any other officer or employee of the 
Department to whom there has heretofore been delegated, or to whom there 
may hereafter be delegated the authority to act in his stead.
    Applicant means any interested party who requests any grading or 
inspection service, or appeal grading or appeal inspection, with respect 
to any product.
    Chief of the Grading Branch means the Chief of the Poultry Grading 
Branch, Poultry Division, Agricultural Marketing Service.
    Class means any subdivision of a product based on essential physical

[[Page 56]]

characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same 
kind, species, or method of processing.
    Condition means any condition (including, but not being limited to, 
the state of preservation, cleanliness, soundness, wholesomeness, or 
fitness for human food) of any product which affects its 
merchantability; or any condition, including, but not being limited to, 
the processing, handling, or packaging which affects such product.
    Department means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
    Eggs of Current Production means shell eggs which have moved through 
the usual marketing channels since the time they were laid and are not 
in excess of 60 days old.
    Holiday or Legal holiday shall mean the legal public holidays 
specified by the Congress in paragraph (a) of section 6103, Title 5, of 
the United States Code.
    Inspection/grading means (1) the act of determining, according to 
the regulations, the class, quality, quantity, or condition of any 
product by examining each unit thereof or a representative sample drawn 
by a grader; (2) the act of issuing a certificate; or (3) the act of 
identifying, when requested by the applicant, any product by means of 
official identification pursuant to the Act and this part.
    Inspection and grading certificate or certificate means a statement, 
either written or printed, issued by a grader or inspector pursuant to 
the Act and this part, relative to the class, quality, quantity, and 
condition of products.
    Inspector/grader means any employee of the Department authorized by 
the Secretary, or any other person to whom a license has been issued by 
the Secretary, to investigate and certify, in accordance with the Act 
and this part, to shippers of products and other interested parties the 
class, quality, quantity, and condition of such products.
    Interested party means any person financially interested in a 
transaction involving any grading, inspection, or appeal grading or 
inspection of any product.
    National Supervisor means (1) the officer in charge of the service 
of AMS, and (2) such other employee of AMS as may be designated by him.
    Office of grading means the office of any grader or inspector.
    Official plant means any plant in which the facilities and methods 
of operation therein have been found by the Administrator to be suitable 
and adequate for grading service or inspection in accordance with this 
part and in which such service is carried on.
    Person means any individual, partnership, association, business 
trust, corporation, or any organized group of persons, whether 
incorporated or not.
    Product or products means eggs (whether liquid, frozen, or dried), 
egg products and any food product which is prepared or manufactured and 
contains eggs as an ingredient.
    Quality means the inherent properties of any product which determine 
its relative degree of excellence.
    Regional Director means any employee of the Department in charge of 
the service in a designated geographical area.
    Regulations means the provisions in this part.
    Sampling means the act of taking samples of any product for grading 
or inspection.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Department or any other officer 
or employee of the Department to whom there has heretofore been 
delegated, or to whom there may hereafter be delegated, the authority to 
act in his stead.
    Service means (1) any grading or inspection, in accordance with the 
Act and the regulations in this part, of any product, (2) supervision, 
in any official plant, of the preparation or packaging of any product, 
or (3) any appeal grading or appeal inspection of any previously graded 
or inspected product.
    Shell eggs means the shell eggs of the domesticated chicken, turkey, 
duck, goose, and guinea.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 36 FR 19301, Oct. 2, 1971; 37 
FR 17816, Sept. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
amended at 43 FR 60137, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46069, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 
3, 1982]

[[Page 57]]



Sec. 55.5   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks or other identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said Act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the inspection or grading of 
agricultural products under said section. For the purposes of said 
subsection and the provisions in this part, the terms listed below shall 
have the respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, used under this part to certify with respect to the 
sampling, inspection, class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or 
condition of products (including the compliance of products with 
applicable specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading, inspecting, or sampling 
pursuant to this part, any processing or plant-operation report made by 
an authorized person in connection with grading, inspecting, or sampling 
under this part and any report made by an authorized person of services 
performed pursuant to this part.
    (c) Official mark means the grade mark, inspection mark, and any 
other mark or symbol formulated pursuant to the regulations in this 
part, stating that the product was graded or inspected, or for the 
purpose of maintaining the identity of the product.
    (d) Official identification means any United States (U.S.) standard 
designation of class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition 
specified in this part or any symbol, stamp, label, or seal indicating 
that the product has been officially graded or inspected and/or 
indicating the class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition of 
the product approved by the Administrator and authorized to be affixed 
to any product, or affixed to or printed on the packaging material of 
any product.
    (e) Official device means a printed label, or other method as 
approved by the Administrator for the purpose of applying any official 
mark or other identification to any product of the packaging material 
thereof.

                             Administration



Sec. 55.10   Authority.

    The Administrator shall perform, for and under the supervision of 
the Secretary, such duties as the Secretary may require in the 
enforcement or administration of the provisions of the Act and this 
part. The Administrator is authorized to waive for a limited period any 
particular provisions of the regulations in this part to permit 
experimentation so that new procedures, equipment, and processing 
techniques may be tested to facilitate definite improvements and at the 
same time to determine full compliance with the spirit and intent of the 
regulations in this part. The Agricultural Marketing Service and its 
officers and employees shall not be liable in damages through acts of 
commission or omission in the administration of this part.

[42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 55.11   Nondiscrimination.

    The conduct of all services and the licensing of graders and 
inspectors under these regulations shall be accomplished without 
discrimination as to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age or 
disability.

[40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995]

                                 General



Sec. 55.20   Kinds of services available.

    The regulations in this part provide for the following kinds of 
services:
    (a) Inspection of the processing of products containing eggs in 
official plants.
    (b) Sampling of products.

[[Page 58]]

    (c) Quantity and condition inspection of products.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 
1993]



Sec. 55.22   Where service is offered.

    Any product may be graded or inspected wherever a grader or 
inspector is available and the facilities and the conditions are 
satisfactory for the conduct of the service.



Sec. 55.24   Basis of service.

    (a) Products shall be graded or inspected in accordance with such 
standards, methods, and instructions as may be issued or approved by the 
Administrator. All service shall be subject to supervision at all times 
by the applicable State supervisor, egg products supervisor, Regional 
Director, and National Supervisor. Whenever the supervisor of a grader 
or inspector has evidence that such grader or inspector incorrectly 
graded or inspected a product, such supervisor shall take such action as 
is necessary to correct the grading or inspection and to cause any 
improper official identification which appears on the product or 
containers thereof to be corrected prior to shipment of the product from 
the place of the initial grading or inspection.
    (b) Whenever service is performed on a sample basis, such sample 
shall be drawn in accordance with the instructions as issued by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 55.25  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers 
assigned to information collection requirements by the Office of 
Management and Budget contained in 7 CFR part 55 pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-511.
    (b) Display.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
       7 CFR section where identified and described            control  
                                                               number   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.  55.10...............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.24(a)............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.30(a)............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.40...............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.90(b)............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.95(b)............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.96...............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.120..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.130(a)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.130(b)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.130(c)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.140..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.150..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.160..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.200(a)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.240..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.300..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.340(c)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.370(a)...........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.380..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.390..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.400..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.420..............................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.560(a)(1)........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.560(b)(1)........................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.560(b)(3)(ii)....................................     0581-0146
Sec.  55.600..............................................     0581-0146
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[49 FR 2880, Jan. 24, 1984, as amended at 55 FR 23421, June 8, 1990]

                         Performance of Services



Sec. 55.30   Licensed graders and inspectors.

    (a) Any person who is a Federal or State employee, the employee of a 
local jurisdiction, or the employee of a cooperating agency possessing 
proper qualifications as determined by an examination for competency and 
who is to perform grading service under this part, may be licensed by 
the Secretary as a grader or inspector.
    (b) All licenses issued by the Secretary are to be countersigned by 
the officer-in-charge of the service of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service or by any other official of AMS designated by such officer.
    (c) No person may be licensed to grade or inspect any product in 
which he is financially interested.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 12918, June 30, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 55.40   Suspension of license; revocation.

    Pending final action by the Secretary, any person authorized to 
countersign a license to perform service may, whenever he deems such 
action necessary to assure that any grading or inspection services are 
properly performed, suspend any license to perform

[[Page 59]]

grading or inspection service issued pursuant to this part, by giving 
notice of such suspension to the respective licensee, accompanied by a 
statement of the reasons therefor. Within 7 days after the receipt of 
the aforesaid notice and statement of reasons, the licensee may file an 
appeal in writing, with the Secretary, supported by any argument or 
evidence that he may wish to offer as to why his license should not be 
further suspended or revoked. After the expiration of the aforesaid 7-
day period and consideration of such argument and evidence, the 
Secretary will take such action as he deems appropriate with respect to 
such suspension or revocation. When no appeal is filed within the 
prescribed 7 days, the license to perform grading or inspection service 
is revoked.



Sec. 55.50   Cancellation of license.

    Upon termination of his services as a grader or inspector, each 
licensee shall surrender his license immediately for cancellation.



Sec. 55.60   Surrender of license.

    Each license which is canceled, suspended, or revoked shall 
immediately be surrendered by the licensee to the office of the service 
in the region in which he is located.



Sec. 55.70   Identification.

    All graders, inspectors, and supervisors shall have in their 
possession at all times while on duty and present upon request the means 
of identification furnished by the Department to such person.



Sec. 55.80   Political activity.

    All graders and inspectors are forbidden during the period of their 
respective appointments or licenses, to take an active part in political 
management or in political campaigns. Political activity in city, 
county, State, or national elections, whether primary or regular, or in 
behalf of any party or candidate is prohibited, except as authorized by 
law or regulation of the Department. This applies to all appointees, 
including, but not being limited to, temporary and cooperative employees 
and employees on leave of absence with or without pay. Willful violation 
of this section will constitute grounds for dismissal in the case of 
appointees and revocation of licenses in the case of licensees.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 55.90   Authority and duties of inspectors performing service on a resident inspection basis.

    (a) Each inspector is authorized:
    (1) To make such observations and inspections as he deems necessary 
to enable him to certify that products have been prepared, processed, 
stored, and otherwise handled in conformity with the regulations in this 
part;
    (2) To supervise the marking of packages containing products which 
are eligible to be identified with official identification;
    (3) To retain in his custody, or under his supervision, labels with 
official identification, marking devices, samples, certificates, seals, 
and reports of inspectors;
    (4) To deface or remove, or cause to be defaced or removed under his 
personal supervision, any official identification from any package 
containing products whenever he determines that such products were not 
processed in accordance with the regulations in this part or are not fit 
for human food;
    (5) To issue a certificate upon request on any product processed in 
the official plant; and
    (6) To use retention tags or other devices and methods as may be 
approved by the Administrator for the identification and control of 
products which are not in compliance with the regulations in this part 
or are held for further examination, and any equipment, utensils, rooms 
or compartments which are found to be unclean or otherwise in violation 
of any of the regulations in this part. No product, equipment, utensil, 
room or compartment shall be released for use until it has been made 
acceptable. Such identification shall not be removed by anyone other 
than inspector or grader.

[[Page 60]]

    (b) Each inspector shall prepare such reports and records as may be 
prescribed by the officer-in-charge of the service.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 55.95  Facilities and equipment to be furnished for use of graders and inspectors in performing service on a resident inspection basis.

    (a) Facilities and equipment for proper sampling, weighing, 
examination of products and monitoring processing procedures shall be 
furnished by the official plant for use by inspectors and graders. Such 
facilities and equipment shall include but not be limited to a room or 
area suitable for sampling product, and acceptable candling light, 
flashlight, heavy duty, high speed drill with an eleven sixteenths-inch 
or larger bit of sufficient length to reach the bottom of containers 
used for frozen eggs, metal stem thermometer(s), test thermometer(s), 
stop watch, test weighing scale(s) and test weight(s), test kit for 
determining the bactericidal strength of sanitizing solutions, and 
stationary or adequately secured storage box or cage (capable of being 
locked only by the inspector) for holding official samples.
    (b) Acceptable furnished office space and equipment, including but 
not being limited to, a desk, lockers or cabinets (equipped with a 
satisfactory locking device) suitable for the protection and storage of 
supplies, and with facilities for inspectors and graders to change 
clothing.

[60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 55.96  Schedule of operation of official plants.

    Grading operating schedules for services performed pursuant to 
Sec. 55.560 shall be requested in writing and be approved by the 
Administrator. Normal operating schedules for a full week consist of a 
continuous 8-hour period per day (excluding not to exceed 1 hour for 
lunch), 5 consecutive days per week, within the administrative workweek, 
Sunday through Saturday, for each shift required. Less than 8-hour 
schedules may be requested and will be approved if a grader is 
available. Clock hours of daily operations need not be specified in the 
request, although as a condition of continued approval, the hours of 
operation shall be reasonably uniform from day to day. As an 
alternative, the normal operating schedule shall consist of a continuous 
10-hour period per day (excluding not to exceed 1 hour for lunch), 4 
consecutive days per week, within the administrative workweek, Sunday 
through Saturday for each full shift required. Graders are to be given 
reasonable advance notice by management of any change in the hours that 
grading service is requested.

[48 FR 20682, May 9, 1983, as amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995]

                         Application for Service



Sec. 55.100   Who may obtain service.

    (a) An application for service may be made by any interested person, 
including, but not being limited to, the United States, any State, 
county, municipality, or common carrier, and any authorized agent of the 
foregoing.
    (b) Where service is offered: Any product may be graded or 
inspected, wherever a grader or inspector is available and the 
facilities and the conditions are satisfactory for the conduct of the 
service.



Sec. 55.120   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of the authority of any person applying for any service may be 
required at the discretion of the Administrator.



Sec. 55.130   How application for service may be made; conditions of resident service.

    (a) On a fee basis.  An application for any service may be made in 
any office of grading, or with any grader or inspector at or nearest the 
place where the service is desired. Such application for service may be 
made orally (in person or by telephone), in writing or by telegraph. If 
an application for grading service is made orally, the office of 
grading, grader or inspector with whom such application is made, or the 
Administrator may require that the application be confirmed in writing.
    (b) On a resident inspection basis. An application for inspection on 
a resident

[[Page 61]]

inspection basis to be rendered in an official plant must be made in 
writing on forms approved by the Administrator and filed with the 
Administrator. Such forms may be obtained at the national, regional, or 
State grading office. In making application, the applicant agrees to 
comply with the terms and conditions of the regulations in this part 
(including, but not being limited to, such instructions governing 
grading and inspection of products as may be issued from time to time by 
the Administrator). No member of or delegate to Congress or Resident 
Commissioner, shall be admitted to any benefit that may arise from such 
service unless derived through service rendered a corporation for its 
general benefit.
    (c) Form of application. Each application for grading or inspecting 
a specified lot of any product shall include such information as may be 
required by the Administrator in regard to the product and the premises 
where such product is to be graded or inspected.



Sec. 55.140   Application for inspection in official plants; approval.

    Any person desiring to process products under inspection service 
must receive approval of such plant and facilities as an official plant 
prior to the installation of such service. The initial survey, drawings, 
and specifications to be submitted, changes and revisions in the 
official plant, and final survey and procedure for plant approval shall 
be in accordance with and conform with the applicable provisions of 
Sec. 59.146 of this chapter, regulations governing the inspection of 
eggs and egg products.

[40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 55.150   When application may be rejected.

    Any application for service may be rejected by the Administrator (a) 
whenever the applicant fails to meet the requirements of the regulations 
in this part prescribing the conditions under which the service is made 
available; (b) whenever the product is owned by or located on the 
premises of a person currently denied the benefits of the Act; (c) where 
any individual holding office or a responsible position with or having a 
substantial financial interest or share in the applicant is currently 
denied the benefits of the Act or was responsible in whole or in part 
for the current denial of the benefits of the Act to any person; (d) 
where the Administrator determines that the application is an attempt on 
the part of a person currently denied the benefits of the Act to obtain 
service; (e) whenever the applicant, after an initial survey has been 
made in accordance with Sec. 55.140, fails to bring the plant, 
facilities, and operating procedures into compliance with the 
regulations in this part within a reasonable period of time; (f) 
notwithstanding any prior approval whenever, before inauguration of 
service, the applicant fails to fulfill commitments concerning the 
inauguration of the service; (g) when it appears that to perform the 
services specified in this part would not be to the best interests of 
the public welfare or of the Government; or (h) when it appears to the 
Administrator that prior commitments of the Department necessitate 
rejection of the application. Each such applicant shall be promptly 
notified by registered mail of the reasons for the rejection. A written 
petition for reconsideration of such rejection may be filed by the 
applicant with the Administrator if postmarked or delivered within 10 
days after receipt of notice of the rejection. Such petition shall state 
specifically the errors alleged to have been made by the Administrator 
in rejecting the application. Within 20 days following the receipt of 
such a petition for reconsideration, the Administrator shall approve the 
application or notify the applicant by registered mail of the reasons 
for the rejection thereof.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 46069, Oct. 15, 
1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 55.160   When application may be withdrawn.

    An application for service may be withdrawn by the applicant at any 
time before the service is performed upon payment, by the applicant, of 
all expenses incurred by AMS in connection with such application.

[[Page 62]]



Sec. 55.170   Order of service.

    Service shall be performed, insofar as practicable, in the order in 
which applications therefor are made except that precedence may be given 
to any application for an appeal.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 55.180   Suspension of plant approval.

    (a) Any plant approval pursuant to the regulations in this part may 
be suspended for (1) failure to maintain plant and equipment in a 
satisfactory state of repairs; (2) the use of operating procedures which 
are not in accordance with the regulations in this part; or (3) 
alterations of buildings, facilities, or equipment which cannot be 
approved in accordance with the regulations in this part.
    (b) During such period of suspension, inspection service shall not 
be rendered. However, the other provisions of the regulations in this 
part pertaining to providing service on a resident basis will remain in 
effect unless service is terminated in accordance with the terms 
thereof. If the plant facilities or methods of operation are not brought 
into compliance within a reasonable period of time to be specified by 
the Administrator, the application and service shall be terminated. Upon 
termination of service in an official plant pursuant to the regulations 
in this part, the plant approval shall also become terminated and all 
labels, seals, tags, or packaging material bearing official 
identification shall, under the supervision of a person designated by 
the Administrator, either be destroyed, or the official identification 
completely obliterated, or sealed in a manner acceptable to the 
Department.

                            Denial of Service



Sec. 55.200   Debarment.

    (a) The following acts or practices or the causing thereof may be 
deemed sufficient cause for the debarment by the Administrator, of any 
person, including any agents, officers, subsidiaries, or affiliates of 
such person, from any or all benefits of the Act for a specified period. 
The rules of practice governing withdrawal of inspection and grading 
services in formal adjudicatory proceedings instituted by the Secretary 
(7 CFR, part 1, subpart H) shall be applicable to such a debarment 
action:
    (1) Misrepresentation, deceptive, or fraudulent act or practice. Any 
willful misrepresentation or any deceptive or fraudulent act or practice 
found to be made or committed by any person in connection with:
    (i) The making or filing of an application for any service or 
appeal;
    (ii) The making of the product accessible for sampling, grading or 
inspection;
    (iii) The making, issuing or using or attempting to issue or use any 
certificate, symbol, stamp, label, seal, or identification authorized 
pursuant to the regulations in this part;
    (iv) The use of the terms ``United States,'' ``U.S.,'' ``Government 
Graded,'' ``Federal-State Graded,'' ``U.S. Inspected,'' ``Government 
Inspected,'' or terms of similar import in the labeling or advertising 
of any product;
    (v) The use of any official stamp, symbol, label, seal, or 
identification in the labeling or advertising of any product.
    (2) Use of facsimile forms. Using or attempting to use a form which 
simulates in whole or in part any certificate, symbol, stamp, label, 
seal, or identification authorized to be issued or used under the 
regulations in this part.
    (3) Willful violation of the regulations. Any willful violation of 
the regulations in this part or the Act.
    (4) Interfering with a grader, inspector, or employee of AMS. Any 
interference with or obstruction or any attempted interference or 
obstruction of or assault upon any grader, licensee, inspector or 
employee of AMS in the performance of his duties. The giving or 
offering, directly or indirectly, of any money, loan, gift, or anything 
of value to an employee of AMS, or the making or offering of any 
contribution to or in any way supplementing the salary, compensation or 
expenses of an employee of AMS, or the offering or entering into a 
private contract or agreement with an employee of AMS for any services 
to be rendered while employed by AMS.

[[Page 63]]

    (5) Miscellaneous. The existence of any of the conditions set forth 
in Sec. 55.150 constituting the basis for the rejection of an 
application for grading or inspection service.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60137, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 55.220   Other applicable regulations.

    Compliance with the regulations in this part shall not excuse 
failure to comply with any other Federal or any State or municipal 
applicable laws or regulations.



Sec. 55.240   Report of violations.

    Each grader and inspector shall report, in the manner prescribed by 
the Administrator, all violations and noncompliance under the Act and 
this part of which such grader or inspector has knowledge.



Sec. 55.260   Reuse of containers bearing official identification prohibited.

    The reuse, by any person, of containers bearing official 
identification is prohibited unless such identification is applicable in 
all respects to product being packed therein. In such instances, the 
container and label may be used provided the packaging is accomplished 
under the supervision of an inspector or grader and the container is in 
clean, sound condition and lined with a suitable inner liner.

                    Identifying and Marking Products



Sec. 55.300   Approval of official identification.

    Labeling procedures, required information on labels, and method of 
label approval, shall be in accordance with and conform with the 
applicable provisions of Sec. 59.411 of this chapter, regulations 
governing the inspection of eggs and egg products, except where ``egg 
product(s)'' is used in Sec. 59.411, the word ``product(s)'' shall be 
substituted and used for this part 55.

[40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 55.310   Form of official identification symbol and inspection mark.

    (a) The shield set forth in Figure 1, containing the letters 
``USDA,'' shall be the official identification symbol for the purposes 
of this part and when used, imitated, or simulated in any manner in 
connection with a product shall be deemed to constitute a representation 
that the product has been officially inspected for the purpose of 
Sec. 55.5.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.010

    (b) The inspection marks which are permitted to be used on products 
shall be contained within the outline of a shield and with the wording 
and design set forth in Figure 2 of this section, except the plant 
number may be preceded by the letter ``P'' in lieu of the word 
``plant''. Alternatively, it may be omitted from the official shield if 
applied on the container's principal display panel or other prominent 
location and preceded by the letter ``P'' or the word ``Plant''.

[[Page 64]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.011


[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 55.320   Products that may bear the inspection mark.

    Products which are permitted to bear the inspection mark shall be 
processed in an official plant from edible shell eggs or other edible 
egg products eligible to bear the inspection mark and may contain other 
edible ingredients. The official mark, when used, shall be printed or 
lithographed and applied as a part of the principal display panel of the 
container, but shall not be applied to a detachable cover.



Sec. 55.330   Unauthorized use or disposition of approved labels.

    (a) Containers or labels which bear official identification approved 
for use pursuant to Sec. 55.300 shall be used only for the purpose for 
which approved. Any unauthorized use or disposition of approved 
containers or labels which bear any official identification may result 
in cancellation of the approval and denial of the use of containers or 
labels bearing official identification or denial of the benefits of the 
Act pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 55.200;
    (b) The use of simulations or imitations of any official 
identification by any person is prohibited;
    (c) Upon termination of inspection service in an official plant 
pursuant to the regulations in this part, all labels or packaging 
material bearing official identification to be used to identify product 
packed by the plant shall either be destroyed, or have the official 
identification completely obliterated under the supervision of a USDA 
representative, or, if to be used at another location, modified in a 
manner acceptable to the Service.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975; 42 
FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 55.340   Supervision of marking and packaging.

    (a) Evidence of label approval. No grader or inspector shall 
authorize the use of official identification on any inspected product 
unless he has on file evidence that such official identification or 
packaging material bearing such official identification has been 
approved in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 55.300.
    (b) Affixing of official identification. No official identification 
may be affixed to or placed on or caused to be affixed to or placed on 
any product or container thereof except by a grader or inspector or 
under the supervision of a grader or inspector or other person 
authorized by the Administrator. All such products shall have been 
inspected in accordance with the regulations in this part. The grader or 
inspector shall have supervision over the use and handling of all 
material bearing any official identification.
    (c) Labels for products sold under Government contract. The grader 
or inspector-in-charge may approve labels for containers of product sold 
under a contract specification to governmental agencies when such 
product is not offered for resale to the general public: Provided, That 
the contract specifications include complete specific requirements with 
respect to labeling, and are made available to the grader or inspector.



Sec. 55.350   Accessibility of product.

    Each product for which service is requested shall be so placed as to 
disclose fully its class, quality, quantity, and condition as the 
circumstances may warrant.

[[Page 65]]



Sec. 55.360   Certificates.

    Certificates (including appeal certificates) shall be issued on 
forms approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 55.370   Certificate issuance.

    (a) Resident service. Certificates will be issued only upon a 
request therefor by the applicant or AMS. When requested, an inspector 
shall issue a certificate covering product inspected by him. In 
addition, an inspector may issue a certificate covering product 
inspected in whole or in part by another inspector when the inspector 
has knowledge that the product is eligible for certification based on 
personal examination of the product or official inspection records.
    (b) Other than resident service. Each inspector shall, in person or 
by his authorized agent, issue a certificate covering each product 
inspected by him. An inspector's name may be signed on a certificate by 
a person other than the inspector, if such person has been designated as 
the authorized agent of such inspector by the National Supervisor: 
Provided, That the certificate is prepared from an official memorandum 
of inspection signed by the inspector: And provided further, That a 
notarized power of attorney authorizing such signature has been issued 
to such person by the inspector and is on file in the office of the 
service. In such case, the authorized agent shall sign both his own and 
the inspector's name, e.g., ``John Doe by Richard Roe.''



Sec. 55.380   Disposition of certificates.

    The original and a copy of each certificate, issued pursuant to 
Sec. 55.370 and not to exceed two additional copies thereof if requested 
by the applicant prior to issuance, shall, immediately upon issuance, be 
delivered or mailed to the applicant or person designated by him. Other 
copies shall be filed and retained in accordance with the disposition 
schedule for inspection program records.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 46069, Oct. 15, 
1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 55.390   Advance information.

    Upon request of an applicant, all or part of the contents of any 
certificate issued to such applicant may be telephoned or telegraphed to 
him, or to any person designated by him, at his expense.

                                 Appeals



Sec. 55.400   Who may request an appeal grading or inspection or review of a grader's or inspector's decision.

    An appeal grading or inspection may be requested by any interested 
party who is dissatisfied with the determination by a grader or 
inspector of the class, quality, quantity, or condition of any product, 
as evidenced by the USDA inspection mark and accompanying label, or as 
stated on a certificate and a review may be requested by the operator of 
an official plant with respect to a grader's or inspector's decision or 
on any other matter related to grading or inspection in the official 
plant.



Sec. 55.410   Where to file an appeal.

    (a) Appeal of resident grader's or inspector's grading or decision 
in an official plant. Any interested party who is not satisfied with the 
determination of the class, quality, quantity, or condition of product 
which was graded or inspected by a grader or inspector in an official 
plant and has not left such plant, and the operator of any official 
plant who is not satisfied with a decision by a grader or inspector on 
any other matter relating to grading or inspection in such plant may 
request an appeal grading or inspection or review of the decision by the 
grader or inspector by filing such request with the grader's or 
inspector's immediate supervisor.
    (b) All other appeal requests. Any interested party who is not 
satisfied with the determination of the class, quality, quantity, or 
condition of product which has left the official plant where it was 
graded or inspected or which was graded or inspected other than in an 
official plant may request an appeal grading or inspection by filing 
such request with the Regional Director in the region

[[Page 66]]

where the product is located or with the Chief of the Grading Branch.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 55.420  How to file an appeal.

    The request for an appeal grading or inspection or review of a 
grader's or inspector's decision may be made orally or in writing. If 
made orally, written confirmation may be required. The applicant shall 
clearly state the identity of the product, the decision which is 
questioned, and the reason(s) for requesting the appeal service. If such 
appeal request is based on the results stated on an official 
certificate, the original and all copies of the certificate available at 
the appeal grading or inspection site shall be provided to the appeal 
grader or inspector assigned to make the appeal grading or inspection.

[60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 55.430   When an application for an appeal grading or inspection may be refused.

    When it appears to the official with whom an appeal request is filed 
that the reasons given in the request are frivolous or not substantial, 
class, quality, quantity, or that the condition of the product has 
undergone a material change since the original grading or inspection, or 
that the original lot has changed in some manner, or the Act or the 
regulations in this part have not been complied with, the applicant's 
request for the appeal grading or inspection may be refused. In such 
case, the applicant shall be promptly notified of the reason(s) for 
refusal.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 55.440   Who shall perform the appeal.

    (a) An appeal grading or inspection or review of a decision 
requested under Sec. 55.410(a) shall be made by the grader's or 
inspector's immediate supervisor or by a licensed grader or inspector 
assigned by the immediate supervisor other than the grader or inspector 
whose grading or inspection or decision is being appealed.
    (b) Appeal gradings or inspections requested under Sec. 55.410(b) 
shall be performed by a grader or inspector other than the grader or 
inspector who originally graded or inspected the product.
    (c) Whenever practical, an appeal grading or inspection shall be 
conducted jointly by two graders or inspectors. The assignment of the 
grader(s) or inspector(s) who will make the appeal grading or inspection 
under Sec. 55.410(b) shall be made by the Regional Director or the Chief 
of the Grading Branch.



Sec. 55.450   Procedures for selecting appeal samples.

    (a) Prohibition on movement of product. Products shall not have been 
moved from the place where the grading or inspection being appealed was 
performed and must have been maintained under adequate refrigeration, 
when applicable.
    (b) Laboratory analyses. The appeal sample shall consist of product 
taken from the original sample containers plus an equal number of 
containers selected at random. When the original sample containers 
cannot be located, the appeal sample shall consist of product taken at 
random from double the number of original sample containers.
    (c) Condition inspection. The appeal sample shall consist of product 
taken from the original sample containers plus an equal number of 
containers selected at random. A condition appeal cannot be made unless 
all originally sampled containers are available.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 55.460   Appeal certificates.

    Immediately after an appeal grading or inspection is completed, an 
appeal certificate shall be issued to show that the original grading or 
inspection was sustained or was not sustained. Such certificate shall 
supersede any previously issued certificate for the product involved and 
shall clearly identify the number and date of the superseded 
certificate. The issuance of the appeal certificate may be withheld 
until any

[[Page 67]]

previously issued certificate and all copies have been returned when 
such action is deemed necessary to protect the interest of the 
Government. When the appeal grader or inspector assigns a different 
class to the lot or determines that a net weight shortage exists, the 
lot shall be retained pending correction of the labeling or approval of 
the product disposition by the National Supervisor.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 
1995]

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 55.500   Payment of fees and charges.

    (a) Fees and charges for any service shall be paid by the interested 
party making the application for such service, in accordance with the 
applicable provisions of this section and Secs. 55.510 through 55.560, 
both inclusive. If so required by the grader or inspector, such fees and 
charges shall be paid in advance.
    (b) Fees and charges for any service shall, unless otherwise 
required pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section, be paid by check, 
draft, or money order payable to the Agricultural Marketing Service and 
remitted promptly to AMS.
    (c) Fees and charges for any service under a cooperative agreement 
with any State or person shall be paid in accordance with the terms of 
such cooperative agreement.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 55.510   Fees and charges for services other than on a continuous resident basis.

    (a) Unless otherwise provided in this part, the fees to be charged 
and collected for any service (other than for an appeal) performed, in 
accordance with this part on a fee basis shall be based on the 
applicable rates specified in Secs. 55.510 through 55.560, both 
inclusive.
    (b) Fees for product inspection and sampling for laboratory analysis 
will be based on the time required to perform the services. The hourly 
charge shall be $33.64 and shall include the time actually required to 
perform the sampling and inspection, waiting time, travel time, and any 
clerical costs involved in issuing a certificate.
    (c) Services rendered on Saturdays, Sundays, or legal holidays shall 
be charged for at the rate of $35.52 per hour. Information on legal 
holidays is available from the Supervisor.
    (d) The cost of an appeal grading, inspection, laboratory analysis, 
or review of a grader's or inspector's decision shall be borne by the 
appellant at an hourly rate of $27.36 for time spent performing the 
appeal and travel time to and from the site of the appeal, plus any 
additional expenses. If the appeal grading, inspection, laboratory 
analysis, or review of a grader's or inspector's decision discloses that 
a material error was made in the original determination, no fee or 
expenses will be charged.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 8, Jan. 2, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981, and amended at 59 FR 52637, Oct. 18, 1994]



Sec. 55.530   Travel expenses and other charges.

    Charges are to be made to cover the cost of travel and other 
expenses incurred by the Department in connection with rendering grading 
service. Such charges shall include the costs of transportation, per 
diem, shipping containers, postage, and any other expenses.

[42 FR 2969, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 8, Jan. 2, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981]



Sec. 55.560   Charges for continuous inspection and grading service on a resident basis.

    Fees to be charged and collected for service on a resident basis 
shall be those provided in this section. The fees to be charged for any 
appeal grading or inspection shall be as provided in Sec. 55.510.
    (a) Charges. The charges for the service shall be paid by the 
applicant and shall include items listed in this section as are 
applicable. Payment for the

[[Page 68]]

full cost of the service rendered to the applicant shall be made by the 
applicant to the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture. Such full costs shall comprise such of the items listed in 
this section as are due and included in the bill or bills covering the 
period or periods during which the grading and inspection service was 
rendered. Bills will be rendered by the 10th day following the end of 
the billing period in which the service was rendered and are payable 
upon receipt.
    (1) An inauguration charge of $310 will be made at the time an 
application for service is signed except when the application is 
required because of a change in name or ownership. If service is not 
installed within 6 months from the date the application is filed, or if 
service is inactive due to an approved request for removal of a 
grader(s) or inspector(s) for a period of 6 months, the application will 
be considered terminated, but a new application may be filed at any 
time. In addition, there will be a charge of $300 if the application is 
terminated at the request of the applicant for reasons other than for a 
change in location, within 12 months from the date of the inauguration 
of service.
    (2) A charge for the salary and other costs, as specified in this 
subparagraph, for each grader or inspector while assigned to a plant, 
except that no charge will be made when the assigned grader or inspector 
is temporarily reassigned by AMS to perform grading or inspection 
service for other than the applicant. Base salary rates will be 
determined on a national average for all official plants operating in 
States under a Federal Trust Fund Agreement where Federal graders, State 
graders, or a combination of Federal and State graders are used, by 
averaging the salary rates paid to each Federal or State grader assigned 
to such plants. Charges to plants are as follows:
    (i) For all regular hours of work scheduled and approved as an 
established tour of duty for a plant, the regular rate charge will be 
made. The regular rate charge will be determined by adding an amount to 
the base salary rate to cover the costs to AMS for such items as the 
Employer's Tax imposed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) 
for Old Age and Survivor's Benefits under the Social Security System, 
retirement benefits, groups life insurance, severance pay, sick leave, 
annual leave, additional salary and travel costs for relief grading 
service, accident payments, certain moving costs, and related servicing 
costs.
    (ii) All hours worked by an assigned grader or inspector or another 
grader or inspector in excess of the approved tour of duty, or worked on 
a nonscheduled workday, or actually worked on a holiday in excess of the 
tour of duty, will be considered as overtime. The charge for such 
overtime will be 150 percent of the grader's or inspector's base salary 
rate.
    (iii) For work performed on a holiday which is within the 
established tour of duty approved for a plant, the added charge will be 
the same as the grader's or inspector's base rate.
    (iv) For work performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., night 
differential charges (for regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked 
during this period) will be at the applicable rates established plus 10 
percent of the base rate.
    (v) For work performed on Sunday, Sunday differential charges (for 
regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked on Sunday) will be at the 
applicable rates established plus 25 percent of the base rate.
    (vi) For all hours of work performed in a plant without an approved 
tour of duty, the charge will be one of the applicable hourly rates in 
Sec. 55.510.
    (3) An administrative service charge equal to 25 percent of the 
grader's or inspector's total salary costs. A minimum charge of $215 
will be made each billing period. The minimum charge also applies where 
an approved application is in effect and no product is handled.
    (b) Other provisions. (1) The applicant shall designate in writing 
the employees of the applicant who will be required and authorized to 
furnish each grader or inspector with such information as may be 
necessary for the performance of the service.
    (2) AMS will provide, as available, an adequate number of graders or 
inspectors to perform the service. The number of graders or inspectors 
required

[[Page 69]]

will be determined by AMS based on the expected demand for service.
    (3) The service shall be provided at designated locations and shall 
be continued until the service is suspended, withdrawn, or terminated 
by:
    (i) Mutual consent;
    (ii) Thirty (30) days' written notice, by either the applicant or 
AMS specifying the date of suspension, withdrawal, or termination;
    (iii) One (1) day's written notice by AMS to the applicant if the 
applicant fails to honor any invoice within thirty (30) days after date 
of invoice covering the cost of the grading and inspection service; or
    (iv) Action taken by AMS pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 55.180 
or Sec. 55.200.
    (4) Graders or inspectors will be required to confine their 
activities to those duties necessary in the rendering of service and 
such closely related activities as may be approved by the Administrator.
    (5) When similar services are furnished to the same applicant under 
part 56 or part 70 of this chapter, the charges listed in this section 
shall not be repeated.

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 55.560, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.



Sec. 55.570   Fees for service performed under cooperative agreement.

    The fees to be charged and collected for any service performed under 
cooperative agreement shall be those provided for by such agreement.

                  Sanitary and Processing Requirements



Sec. 55.600   General.

    Except as otherwise approved by the Administrator, the sanitary, 
processing, and facility requirements, as applicable, shall be the same 
for the product processed under this part as for egg products processed 
under Secs. 59.500 through 59.580(c) of this chapter and Sec. 55.650.



Sec. 55.650   Inspection and grading.

    Examinations of the ingredients, processing, and the product shall 
be made to assure the production of a wholesome, unadulterated, and 
properly labeled product. Such examinations include, but are not being 
limited to:
    (a) Sanitation checks of plant premises, facilities, equipment, and 
processing operations.
    (b) Checks on ingredients and additives used in products to assure 
that they are not adulterated, are fit for use as human food, and are 
stored, handled, and used in a sanitary manner.
    (c) Examination of the eggs or egg products used in the products to 
assure they are wholesome, not adulterated, and comply with the 
temperature, pasteurization, or other applicable requirements.
    (d) Inspection during the processing and production of the product 
to determine compliance with any applicable standard or specification 
for such product.
    (e) Examination during processing of the product to assure 
compliance with approved formulas and labeling.
    (f) Test weighing and organoleptic examinations of finished product.



  Subpart B--Official U.S. Standards for Palatability Scores for Dried 
                               Whole Eggs



Sec. 55.800   Preparation of samples for palatability test.

    Reconstitute 33 grams of dried whole egg powder as completely as 
possible with 90 grams of distilled water in a suitable, clean 
container. Add the water and mix until the mixture is smooth and free 
from lumps. Place the container in gently boiling water and stir the 
mixture while coagulation takes place. When coagulated to the 
consistency of scrambled eggs, the sample is ready for the palatability 
test.



Sec. 55.820   Palatability scores for dried whole eggs.

    The palatability score of the prepared sample shall be determined by 
a panel of officially qualified graders of

[[Page 70]]

dried eggs of the Agricultural Marketing Service, and shall be rated in 
accordance with the following table:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Score                        Description of Quality    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
8......................................  No detectable off flavor,      
                                          comparable to high quality    
                                          fresh shell eggs.             
7\1/2\.................................  Very slight off flavor.        
7......................................  Slight but not unpleasant off  
                                          flavor.                       
6\1/2\.................................  Definite but not unpleasant off
                                          flavor.                       
6......................................  Pronounced off flavor (slightly
                                          unpleasant).                  
5......................................  Unpleasant off flavor.         
4......................................  Definite unpleasant off flavor.
3......................................  Pronounced unpleasant off      
                                          flavor.                       
2......................................  Repulsive flavor.              
1......................................  Definite repulsive flavor.     
0......................................  Pronounced repulsive flavor.   
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[36 FR 11795, June 19, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 
1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



PART 56--GRADING OF SHELL EGGS AND U.S. STANDARDS, GRADES, AND WEIGHT CLASSES FOR SHELL EGGS--Table of Contents




                    Subpart A--Grading of Shell Eggs

                               Definitions

Sec.
56.1  Meaning of words and terms defined.
56.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.

                             Administration

56.3  Administration.

                                 General

56.4  Basis of grading service.
56.5  Accessibility and condition of product.
56.6  Supervision.
56.8  Other applicable regulations.
56.9  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.

                            Licensed Graders

56.10  Who may be licensed.
56.11  Authorization to perform limited grading services.
56.12  Suspension of license; revocation.
56.13  Cancellation of license.
56.14  Surrender of license.
56.15  Political activity.
56.16  Identification.
56.17  Facilities and equipment for graders.
56.18  Schedule of operation of official plants.

                         Application for Grading

56.20  Who may obtain grading service.
56.21  How application for service may be made; conditions of service.
56.22  Filing of application.
56.23  Form of application.
56.24  When application may be rejected.
56.25  When application may be withdrawn.
56.26  Authority of applicant.
56.27  Order of service.

                               Violations

56.30  Report of violations.

                            Denial of Service

56.31  Debarment.
56.32  Retention authorities.

                    Identifying and Marking Products

56.35  Authority to use, and approval of official identification.
56.36  Information required on and form of grademark.
56.37  Lot marking of officially identified product.
56.38  [Reserved]

     Prerequisites to Packaging Shell Eggs Identified With Consumer 
                               Grademarks

56.39  Quality assurance inspector required.
56.40  Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with consumer 
          grademarks.
56.41  Check grading officially identified product.
56.42--56.43  [Reserved]

                            Fees and Charges

56.45  Payment for fees and charges.
56.46  On a fee basis.
56.47  Fees for appeal grading or review of a grader's decision.
56.49  Travel expenses and other charges.
56.52  Continuous grading performed on a resident basis.
56.53  Fees or charges for grading service performed under cooperative 
          agreement.
56.54  Charges for continuous grading performed on a nonresident basis.

                          Grading Certificates

56.55  Grading certificates and sampling report forms.
56.56  Grading certificate issuance.
56.57  Disposition of grading certificates.
56.58  Advance information.

                     Appeal of a Grading or Decision

56.60  Who may request an appeal grading or review of a grader's 
          decision.
56.61  Where to file an appeal.
56.62  How to file an appeal.
56.63  When an application for an appeal grading may be refused.
56.64  Who shall perform the appeal.
56.65  Procedures for appeal gradings.
56.66  Appeal grading certificates.

[[Page 71]]

                          Facility Requirements

56.75  Applicability of facility and operating requirements.
56.76  Minimum facility and operating requirements for shell egg grading 
          and packing plants.
56.77  Health and hygiene of personnel.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.



                    Subpart A--Grading of Shell Eggs

                               Definitions



Sec. 56.1   Meaning of words and terms defined.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this part, words in the 
singular shall be deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as the 
case may demand, and unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall be construed, respectively, as follows:
    Act means the applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087; 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), or any other act of 
Congress conferring like authority.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service of the Department or any other officer or employee of the 
Department to whom there has heretofore been delegated, or to whom there 
may hereafter be delegated the authority to act in his stead.
    Applicant means an interested party who requests any grading 
service, appeal grading, or regrading with respect to any product.
    Cage mark means any stain-type mark caused by an egg coming in 
contact with a material that imparts a rusty or blackish appearance to 
the shell.
    Case means, when referring to containers, an egg case, as used in 
commercial practice in the United States, holding 30 dozens of shell 
eggs.
    Chief of the Grading Branch means the Chief of the Poultry Grading 
Branch of the Poultry Division, Agricultural Marketing Service.
    Class means any subdivision of a product based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same 
kind, species, or method of processing.
    Condition means any condition (including, but not being limited to, 
the state of preservation, cleanliness, soundness, wholesomeness, or 
fitness for human food) of any product which affects its 
merchantability.
    Department means the United States Department of Agriculture.
    Eggs of current production means shell eggs which have moved through 
usual marketing channels since the time they were laid and have not been 
held in refrigerated storage in excess of 30 days. ``Refrigerator or 
storage eggs'' means shell eggs which have been held under refrigeration 
for a period of more than 30 days.
    Grader means any employee of the Department authorized by the 
Secretary, or any other person to whom a license has been issued by the 
Secretary, to investigate and certify, in accordance with the act and 
this part, to shippers of products and other interested parties the 
class, quality, quantity, and condition of such products.
    Grading or grading service means: (1) The act whereby a grader 
determines, according to the regulations in this part, the class, 
quality, quantity, or condition of any product by examining each unit 
thereof or each unit of the representative sample thereof drawn by a 
grader and issues a grading certificate with respect thereto, except 
that with respect to grading service performed on a resident basis the 
issuance of a grading certificate shall be pursuant to a request 
therefor by the applicant or the Service; (2) the act whereby the grader 
identifies, according to the regulations in this part, the graded 
product; (3) continuous supervision, in an official plant, of the 
handling or packaging of any product; and (4) any regrading or any 
appeal grading of a previously graded product.
    Grading certificate means a statement, either written or printed, 
issued by a grader pursuant to the act and this part, relative to the 
class, quantity, quality, or condition of products.
    Holiday or legal holiday shall mean the legal public holidays 
specified by the Congress in paragraph (a) of section 6103, title 5, of 
the United States Code.
    Interested party means any person financially interested in a 
transaction involving any grading, appeal grading, or regrading of any 
product.

[[Page 72]]

    National supervisor means (1) the officer in charge of the shell egg 
grading service of the Agricultural Marketing Service, and (2) such 
other employees of the Service as may be designated by him.
    Nest run eggs means eggs which are packed as they come from the 
production facilities without having been washed, sized and/or candled 
for quality, with the exception that some Checks, Dirties, or other 
obvious undergrades may have been removed.
    Office of grading means the office of any grader.
    Official plant means any plant in which the facilities and methods 
of operation therein have been found by the Administrator to be suitable 
and adequate for grading service in accordance with this part and in 
which grading service is carried on.
    Origin grading is a grading made on a lot of eggs at a plant where 
the eggs are graded and packed.
    Person means any individual, partnership, association, business 
trust, corporation, or any organized group of persons, whether 
incorporated or not.
    Potable water means water that has been approved by the State health 
authority or agency or laboratory acceptable to the Administrator as 
safe for drinking and suitable for food processing.
    Product or products means shell eggs of the domesticated chicken.
    Quality means the inherent properties of any product which determine 
its relative degree of excellence.
    Quality assurance inspector means any designated company employee 
other than the plant owner, manager, foreman, or supervisor, authorized 
by the Secretary to examine product and to supervise the labeling, 
dating, and lotting of officially graded shell eggs and to assure that 
such product is packaged under sanitary conditions, graded by authorized 
personnel, and maintained under proper inventory control until released 
by an employee of the Department.
    Regional director means any employee of the Department in charge of 
the shell egg grading service in a designated geographical area.
    Regulations means the provisions in this part.
    Sampling means the act of taking samples of any product for grading.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Department or any other officer 
or employee of the Department to whom there has heretofore been 
delegated, or to whom there may hereafter be delegated, the authority to 
act in his stead.
    Service means the Agricultural Marketing Service of the Department.
    Shell eggs means shell eggs of domesticated chickens.
    Shell protected means eggs which have had a protective covering such 
as oil applied to the shell surface. The product used shall be 
acceptable to the Food and Drug Administration.
    Washed ungraded eggs means eggs which have been washed but not sized 
or segregated for quality.

[20 FR 669, Feb. 1, 1955; 20 FR 757, Feb. 4, 1955]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 56.1, 
see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of 
this volume.



Sec. 56.2   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks or other identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the grading of agricultural 
products under said section. For the purposes of said subsection and the 
provisions in this part, the terms listed in this section shall have the 
respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, used under this part to certify with respect to the 
sampling, class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition of 
products (including the compliance of products with applicable 
specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading or sampling pursuant to 
this

[[Page 73]]

part, any processing or plant-operation report made by an authorized 
person in connection with grading or sampling under this part, and any 
report made by an authorized person of services performed pursuant to 
this part.
    (c) Official mark means the grademark and any other mark, or any 
variations in such marks approved by the Administrator and authorized to 
be affixed to any product, or affixed to or printed on the packaging 
material of any product, stating that the product was graded, or 
indicating the appropriate U.S. grade or condition of the product, or 
for the purpose of maintaining the identity of products graded under 
this part, including but not limited to, those set forth in Sec. 56.36.
    (d) Official identification means any United States (U.S.) standard 
designation of class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition 
specified in this part or any symbol, stamp, label or seal indicating 
that the product has been officially graded and/or indicating the class, 
grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition of the product approved by 
the Administrator and authorized to be affixed to any product, or 
affixed to or printed on the packaging material of any product.
    (e) Official device means a stamping appliance, branding device, 
stencil, printed label, or any other mechanically or manually operated 
tool that is approved by the Administrator for the purpose of applying 
any official mark or other identification to any product or the 
packaging material thereof.

[28 FR 6341, June 20, 1963. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                             Administration



Sec. 56.3   Administration.

    (a) The Administrator shall perform, for and under the supervision 
of the Secretary, such duties as the Secretary may require in the 
enforcement or administration of the provisions of the Act and this 
part. The Administrator is authorized to waive for limited periods any 
particular provisions of the regulations in this part to permit 
experimentation so that new procedures, equipment, and processing 
techniques may be tested to facilitate definite improvements and at the 
same time to determine full compliance with the spirit and intent of the 
regulations in this part. The Agricultural Marketing Service and its 
officers and employees shall not be liable in damages through acts of 
commission or omission in the administration of this part.
    (b) The conduct of all services and the licensing of graders under 
these regulations shall be accomplished without discrimination as to 
race, color, national origin, religion, age, sex, or disability.

[20 FR 670, Feb. 1, 1955, as amended at 38 FR 26798, Sept. 26, 1973; 42 
FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]

                                 General



Sec. 56.4   Basis of grading service.

    (a) Any grading service in accordance with the regulations in this 
part shall be for class, quality, quantity, or condition or any 
combination thereof. Grading service with respect to the determination 
of the quality of products shall be on the basis of the ``United States 
Standards, Grades, and Weight Classes'' as contained in subpart C of 
this part. However, grading service may be rendered with respect to 
products which are bought and sold on the basis of institutional 
contract specifications or specifications of the applicant and such 
service, when approved by the Administrator, shall be rendered on the 
basis of such specifications. The supervision of packaging shall be in 
accordance with such instructions as may be approved or issued by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Whenever grading service is performed on a representative sample 
basis, such sample shall be drawn and consist of not less than the 
minimum number of cases as indicated in the following table. A minimum 
of one hundred eggs shall be examined per sample case. For lots which 
consist of less than 1 case, a minimum of 50 eggs shall be examined. If 
the lot consists of less than 50 eggs, all eggs will be examined.

[[Page 74]]



       Minimum Number of Cases Comprising a Representative Sample       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Cases in
                         Cases in lot                            sample 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 case.......................................................          1
2 to 10, inclusive...........................................          2
11 to 25, inclusive..........................................          3
26 to 50, inclusive..........................................          4
51 to 100, inclusive.........................................          5
101 to 200, inclusive........................................          8
201 to 300, inclusive........................................         11
301 to 400, inclusive........................................         13
401 to 500, inclusive........................................         14
501 to 600, inclusive........................................         16
------------------------------------------------------------------------

For each additional 50 cases, or fraction thereof, in excess of 600 
cases, one additional case shall be included in the sample.

[20 FR 670, Feb. 1, 1955, as amended at 22 FR 8167, Oct. 16, 1957; 28 FR 
6342, June 20, 1963; 42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 
32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.5   Accessibility and condition of product.

    Each product for which grading service is requested shall be so 
conditioned and placed as to permit a proper determination of the class, 
quality, quantity, or condition of such product.

[20 FR 670, Feb. 1, 1955, as amended at 27 FR 10317, Oct. 23, 1962. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 56.6   Supervision.

    All grading service shall be subject to supervision at all times by 
the applicable State supervisor, regional director and national 
supervisor. Such service shall be rendered where the facilities and 
conditions are satisfactory for the conduct of the service and the 
requisite graders are available. Whenever the supervisor of a grader has 
evidence that such grader incorrectly graded a product, such supervisor 
shall take such action as is necessary to correct the grading and to 
cause any improper grademarks which appear on the product or the 
containers thereof to be corrected prior to shipment of the product from 
the place of initial grading.

[40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.8   Other applicable regulations.

    Compliance with the regulations in this part shall not excuse 
failure to comply with any other Federal, or any State, or municipal 
applicable laws or regulations.

[20 FR 670, Feb. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.9  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers 
assigned to information collection requirements by the Office of 
Management and Budget contained in 7 CFR part 56 pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-511.
    (b) Display.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
        7 CFR section where identified and described           control  
                                                                number  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
56.3(a)....................................................    0581-0128
56.4(a)....................................................    0581-0128
56.10(a)...................................................    0581-0128
56.11......................................................    0581-0128
56.12......................................................    0581-0128
56.17(b)...................................................    0581-0128
56.18......................................................    0581-0128
56.21(a)...................................................    0581-0128
56.21(b)...................................................    0581-0128
56.23......................................................    0581-0128
56.24......................................................    0581-0128
56.25......................................................    0581-0128
56.26......................................................    0581-0128
56.30......................................................    0581-0128
56.31(a)...................................................    0581-0128
56.35(b)...................................................    0581-0128
56.35(c)...................................................    0581-0128
56.37......................................................    0581-0128
56.52(a)(1)................................................    0581-0128
56.52(a)(4)................................................    0581-0128
56.52(b)(1)................................................    0581-0128
56.52(b)(3)(ii)............................................    0581-0128
56.54(b)(1)................................................    0581-0128
56.54(b)(3)(ii)............................................    0581-0128
56.56(a)...................................................    0581-0128
56.57......................................................    0581-0128
56.58......................................................    0581-0128
56.60......................................................    0581-0128
56.62......................................................    0581-0128
56.76(e)(6)................................................    0581-0128
56.76(g)...................................................    0581-0128
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[48 FR 56565, Dec. 22, 1983, as amended at 52 FR 23935, June 26, 1987]

[[Page 75]]

                            Licensed Graders



Sec. 56.10   Who may be licensed.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (c) of this section, 
any person who is a Federal or State employee, the employee of a local 
jurisdiction, or the employee of a cooperating agency possessing proper 
qualifications as determined by an examination for competency and who is 
to perform grading service under this part, may be licensed by the 
Secretary as a grader.
    (b) All licenses issued by the Secretary shall be countersigned by 
the officer in charge of the poultry grading service of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service or any other designated officer of such Service.
    (c) No person may be licensed to grade or sample any product in 
which he is financially interested.

[20 FR 670, Feb. 1, 1955, as amended at 28 FR 6342, June 20, 1963; 37 FR 
12918, June 30, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 
46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.11   Authorization to perform limited grading services.

    Any person who is employed by any official plant and possesses 
proper qualifications, as determined by the Administrator, may be 
authorized to candle and grade eggs on the basis of the ``U.S. Standards 
for Quality of Individual Shell Eggs,'' with respect to eggs purchased 
from producers or eggs to be packaged with official identification. In 
addition, such authorization may be granted to any qualified person to 
act as a ``quality assurance inspector'' in the packaging and grade 
labeling of products. No person to whom such authorization is granted 
shall have authority to issue any grading certificates, grading 
memoranda, or other official documents; and all eggs which are graded by 
any such person shall thereafter be check graded by a grader.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.12   Suspension of license; revocation.

    Pending final action by the Secretary, any person authorized to 
countersign a license to perform grading service may, whenever he deems 
such action necessary to assure that any grading service is properly 
performed, suspend any license to perform grading service issued 
pursuant to this part, by giving notice of such suspension to the 
respective licensee, accompanied by a statement of the reasons therefor. 
Within 7 days after the receipt of the aforesaid notice and statement of 
reasons, the licensee may file an appeal in writing, with the Secretary, 
supported by any argument or evidence that he may wish to offer as to 
why his license should not be further suspended or revoked. After the 
expiration of the aforesaid 7-day period and consideration of such 
argument and evidence, the Secretary will take such action as he deems 
appropriate with respect to such suspension or revocation. When no 
appeal is filed within the prescribed 7 days, the license to perform 
grading service is revoked.

[35 FR 19327, Dec. 22, 1970. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.13   Cancellation of license.

    Upon termination of his services as a grader, each licensee shall 
surrender his license immediately for cancellation.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.14   Surrender of license.

    Each license which is canceled, suspended, or has expired shall 
immediately be surrendered by the licensee to the office of grading 
serving the area in which he is located.

[31 FR 2773, Feb. 16, 1966. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.15   Political activity.

    All graders are forbidden during the period of their respective 
appointments or licenses, to take an active part in political management 
or in political campaigns. Political activity in city, county, State, or 
national elections, whether primary or regular, or in behalf of any 
party or candidate, or any

[[Page 76]]

measure to be voted upon, is prohibited. This applies to all appointees, 
including, but not being limited to, temporary and cooperative 
employees, and employees on leave of absence with or without pay. 
Willful violation of this section will constitute grounds for dismissal 
in the case of appointees and revocation of licenses in the case of 
licensees.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.16   Identification.

    All graders shall each have in possession at all times, and present 
upon request, while on duty, the means of identification furnished by 
the Department to such person.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.17   Facilities and equipment for graders.

    Facilities and equipment to be furnished by the applicant for use of 
graders in performing service on a resident basis shall include (when 
deemed necessary) the following:
    (a)(1) An accurate metal stem thermometer;
    (2) Scales to weigh individual eggs, cartons of eggs, and bulk eggs. 
Test weights for each type scale used;
    (3) An acceptable candling light.
    (b) Furnished office space, a desk and file or storage cabinets 
(equipped with a satisfactory locking device), suitable for the security 
and storage of official stamps and supplies, and other facilities and 
equipment as may otherwise be required. Such space and equipment must 
meet the approval of the National supervisor.

[32 FR 8230, June 8, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 39570, Aug. 4, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]



Sec. 56.18  Schedule of operation of official plants.

    Grading operating schedules for services performed pursuant to 
Secs. 56.52 and 56.54 shall be requested in writing and be approved by 
the Administrator. Normal operating schedules for a full week consist of 
a continuous 8-hour period per day (excluding not to exceed 1 hour for 
lunch), 5 consecutive days per week, within the administrative workweek, 
Sunday through Saturday, for each shift required. Less than 8-hour 
schedules may be requested and will be approved if a grader is 
available. Clock hours of daily operations need not be specified in the 
request, although as a condition of continued approval, the hours of 
operation shall be reasonably uniform from day to day. Graders are to be 
notified by management 1 day in advance of any change in the hours 
grading service is requested.

[48 FR 20683, May 9, 1983]

                         Application for Grading



Sec. 56.20   Who may obtain grading service.

    An application for grading service may be made by any interested 
person, including, but not being limited to, the United States, any 
State, county, municipality, or common carrier, and any authorized agent 
of the foregoing.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.21   How application for service may be made; conditions of service.

    (a) Noncontinuous grading service on a fee basis. An application for 
any noncontinuous grading service on a fee basis may be made in any 
office of grading, or with any grader at or nearest the place where the 
service is desired. Such application may be made orally (in person or by 
telephone), in writing, or by telegraph. If the application for grading 
service is made orally, the office of grading or the grader with whom 
such application is made, or the Administrator, may require that the 
application be confirmed in writing.
    (b) Continuous grading service on a resident basis or continuous 
grading service on a nonresident basis. An application for continuous 
grading service on a resident basis or for continuous grading service on 
a nonresident basis must be made in writing on forms approved by the 
Administrator and filed with the Administrator. Such forms may be 
obtained at the national, regional, or State grading office. In making 
application, the applicant agrees to comply

[[Page 77]]

with the terms and conditions of the regulations (including, but not 
being limited to, such instructions governing grading of products as may 
be issued from time to time by the Administrator). No member of or 
Delegate to Congress or Resident Commissioner shall be admitted to any 
benefit that may arise from such service unless derived through service 
rendered a corporation for its general benefit.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.22   Filing of application.

    An application for grading or sampling of a specified lot of any 
product shall be regarded as filed only when made pursuant to this part.

[28 FR 6342, June 20, 1963. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.23   Form of application.

    Each application for grading or sampling a specified lot of any 
product shall include such information as may be required by the 
Administrator in regard to the product and the premises where such 
product is to be graded or sampled.

[28 FR 6342, June 20, 1963. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.24   When application may be rejected.

    An application for grading service may be rejected by the 
Administrator (a) whenever the applicant fails to meet the requirements 
of the regulations prescribing the conditions under which the service is 
made available; (b) whenever the product is owned by or located on the 
premises of a person currently denied the benefits of the act; (c) where 
any individual holding office or a responsible position with or having a 
substantial financial interest or share in the applicant is currently 
denied the benefits of the act or was responsible in whole or in part 
for the current denial of the benefits of the act to any person; (d) 
where the Administrator determines that the application is an attempt on 
the part of a person currently denied the benefits of the act to obtain 
grading services; (e) whenever the applicant fails to bring the plant 
facilities, and operating procedures into compliance with the 
regulations within a reasonable period of time; (f) notwithstanding any 
prior approval whenever, before inauguration of service, the applicant 
fails to fulfill commitments concerning the inauguration of the service; 
(g) when it appears that to perform the services specified in this part 
would not be to the best interests of the public welfare or of the 
Government; or (h) when it appears to the Administrator that prior 
commitments of the Department necessitate rejection of the application. 
Each such applicant shall be promptly notified by registered mail of the 
reasons for the rejection. A written petition for reconsideration of 
such rejection may be filed by the applicant with the Administrator if 
postmarked or delivered within 10 days after the receipt of notice of 
the rejection. Such petition shall state specifically the errors alleged 
to have been made by the Administrator in rejecting the application. 
Within 20 days following the receipt of such a petition for 
reconsideration, the Administrator shall approve the application or 
notify the applicant by registered mail of the reasons for the rejection 
thereof.

[28 FR 6342, June 20, 1963, as amended at 42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 56.25   When application may be withdrawn.

    An application for grading service may be withdrawn by the applicant 
at any time before the service is performed upon payment, by the 
applicant, of all expenses incurred by the Service in connection with 
such application.

[20 FR 671, Feb. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.26   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of the authority of any person applying for any grading 
service may

[[Page 78]]

be required at the discretion of the Administrator.

[20 FR 671, Feb. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.27   Order of service.

    Grading service shall be performed, insofar as practicable, in the 
order in which applications therefor are made except that precedence may 
be given to any application for an appeal grading.

[20 FR 671, Feb. 1, 1955; 20 FR 757, Feb. 4, 1955, as amended at 42 FR 
2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 
46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                               Violations



Sec. 56.30   Report of violations.

    Each grader, shall report in the manner prescribed by the 
Administrator, all violations and noncompliances under the Act and this 
part of which such grader, has knowledge.

[42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                            Denial of Service



Sec. 56.31   Debarment.

    (a) The following acts or practices or the causing thereof may be 
deemed sufficient cause for the debarment by the Administrator, of any 
person, including any agents, officers, subsidiaries or affiliates of 
such person, from all benefits of the act for a specific period. The 
rules of practice governing withdrawal of grading services in formal 
adjudicatory proceedings instituted by the Secretary (7 CFR, part 1, 
subpart H) shall be applicable to such debarment action.
    (1) Misrepresentation, deceptive, or fraudulent act or practice. Any 
willful misrepresentation or any deceptive or fraudulent act or practice 
found to be made or committed by any person in connection with:
    (i) The making or filing of an application for any grading service 
or appeal service;
    (ii) The making of the product accessible for sampling or grading;
    (iii) The making, issuing, or using or attempting to issue or use 
any grading certificate, symbol, stamp, label, seal, or identification 
authorized pursuant to the regulations in this part;
    (iv) The use of the terms ``United States'' or ``U.S.'' in 
conjunction with the grade of the product;
    (v) The use of any of the aforesaid terms or any official stamp, 
symbol, label, seal, or identification in the labeling or advertising of 
any product; or
    (vi) The use of the terms ``Government Graded,'' ``Federal-State 
Graded'' or terms of similar import in the labeling or advertising of 
any product.
    (2) Use of facsimile forms. Using or attempting to use a form which 
simulates in whole or in part any certificate, symbol, stamp, label, 
seal or identification authorized to be issued or used under the 
regulations in this part.
    (3) Willful violation of the regulations. Any willful violation of 
the regulations in this part or the act.
    (4) Interfering with a grader or employee of the Service. Any 
interference with or obstruction or any attempted interference or 
obstruction of or assault upon any grader, licensee, or employee of the 
Service in the performance of his duties. The giving or offering, 
directly or indirectly, of any money, loan, gift, or anything of value 
to an employee of the Service or the making or offering of any 
contribution to or in any way supplementing the salary, compensation or 
expenses of an employee of the Service or the offering or entering into 
a private contract or agreement with an employee of the Service for any 
services to be rendered while employed by the Service.
    (5) Misleading labeling. The use of the terms ``Government Graded'', 
``Federal-State Graded'', or terms of similar import in the labeling or 
advertising of any product without stating in the label or advertisement 
the U.S. grade of the product as determined by an authorized grader.
    (6) Miscellaneous. The existence of any of the conditions set forth 
in Sec. 56.24 constituting the basis for the rejection of an application 
for grading service.

[20 FR 9895, Dec. 23, 1955, as amended at 28 FR 6343, June 20, 1963; 35 
FR 5664, Apr. 8, 1970; 42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 
32514, June 27, 1977, and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

[[Page 79]]



Sec. 56.32   Retention authorities.

    A grader may use retention tags or other devices and methods as 
approved by the Administrator for the identification and control of 
shell eggs which are not in compliance with the regulations or are held 
for further examination and for any equipment, utensils, rooms or 
compartments which are found unclean or otherwise in violation of the 
regulations. Any such item shall not be released until in compliance 
with the regulations and retention identification shall not be removed 
by anyone other than a grader.

[35 FR 5664, Apr. 8, 1970. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                    Identifying and Marking Products



Sec. 56.35   Authority to use, and approval of official identification.

    (a) Authority to use official identification. Authority to 
officially identify product graded pursuant to this part is granted only 
to applicants who make the services of a grader or quality assurance 
inspector available for use in accordance with this part. Packaging 
materials bearing official identification marks shall be approved 
pursuant to Secs. 56.35 to 56.37, inclusive, and shall be used only for 
the purpose for which approved and prescribed by the Administrator. Any 
unauthorized use or disposition of approved labels or packaging 
materials which bear any official identification may result in 
cancellation of the approval and denial of the use of labels or 
packaging materials bearing official identification or denial of the 
benefits of the Act pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 56.31.
    (b) Approval of official identification. No label, container, or 
packaging material which bears official identification may contain any 
statement that is false or misleading. No label, container, or packaging 
material bearing official identification may be printed or prepared for 
use until the printers' or other final proof has been approved by the 
Administrator in accordance with the regulations in this part, the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Fair Packaging and Labeling 
Act, and the regulations promulgated under these acts. The use of 
finished labels must be approved as prescribed by the Administrator. A 
grader may apply official identification stamps to shipping containers 
if they do not bear any statement that is false or misleading. If the 
label is printed or otherwise applied directly to the container, the 
principal display panels of such container shall for this purpose be 
considered as the label. The label shall contain the name, address, and 
ZIP Code of the packer or distributor of the product, the name of the 
product, a statement of the net contents of the container, and the U.S. 
grademark.
    (c) Nutritional labeling. Nutrition information must be included 
with the labeling on each unit container of consumer packaged shell eggs 
in accordance with the provisions of Title 21, Chapter I, Part 101, 
Regulations for the Enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 
Act and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. The nutrition information 
included on labels is subject to review by the Food and Drug 
Administration prior to approval by the Department.

[40 FR 20055, May 8, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 2970, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]



Sec. 56.36   Information required on and form of grademark.

    (a) Information required on grademark. (1) Except as otherwise 
authorized, each grademark provided for in this section shall 
conspicuously and legibly indicate the letters ``USDA,'' and the U.S. 
grade of the product it identifies, such as ``A Grade'' (illustrated in 
Figure 2). The letters ``USDA'' shall be printed in a light color on and 
surrounded by a dark field, and the U.S. grade printed in a dark color 
on a light field.
    (2) The size or weight class of the product such as ``Large'' and 
such terms as ``Federal-State Graded'' or words of similar import may be 
shown within the grademark (illustrated in Figure 3). This information 
shall be printed in a dark color on a light field. However, such terms 
as ``Federal-State Graded'' need not be shown. The grademark shall be 
printed on the carton.

[[Page 80]]

    (3) The plant number of the official plant preceded by the letter 
``P'' must be shown on each carton or packaging material.
    (b) Form of official identification symbol and grademark. (1) The 
shield set forth in Figure 1 containing the letters ``USDA'' shall be 
the official identification symbol for purposes of this part and when 
used, imitated, or simulated in any manner in connection with shell 
eggs, shall be deemed to constitute a representation that the product 
has been officially graded for the purpose of Sec. 56.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.012

    (2) Except as otherwise authorized, the grademark permitted to be 
used to officially identify cartons of shell eggs which are graded 
pursuant to the regulations in this part shall be contained in a shield 
and in the form and design indicated in Figures 2, 3, and 4 of this 
section. The shield shall be of sufficient size so that the print and 
other information contained therein is distinctly legible and in 
approximately the same proportion and size as shown in Figures 2 and 3. 
The grademark shall be printed on the carton or on a tape used to seal 
the carton.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.013


[28 FR 6343, June 20, 1963, as amended at 32 FR 8230, June 8, 1967; 40 
FR 20055, May 8, 1975; 42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 
32514, June 27, 1977, and amended at 46 FR 39570, Aug. 4, 1981. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]



Sec. 56.37   Lot marking of officially identified product.

    Each carton identified with the grademarks shown in Figures 2, 3, or 
4 of Sec. 56.36 shall be legibly lot numbered on either the carton or 
the consumer package. The lot number shall be the consecutive day of the 
year on which the eggs were packed (e.g., 132), except other lot 
numbering systems may be used when submitted in writing and approved by 
the Administrator.

[35 FR 5664, Apr. 8, 1970. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 39570, Aug. 4, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]
Sec. 56.38  [Reserved]

     Prerequisites to Packaging Shell Eggs Identified With Consumer 
                               Grademarks



Sec. 56.39   Quality assurance inspector required.

    The official identification of any graded product as provided in 
Secs. 56.35 to

[[Page 81]]

56.41, inclusive, shall be done only under the supervision of a grader 
or quality assurance inspector. The grader or quality assurance 
inspector shall have supervision over the use and handling of all 
material bearing any official identification.

[42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 39570, Aug. 4, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.40   Grading requirements of shell eggs identified with consumer grademarks.

    (a) Shell eggs to be identified with the marks illustrated in 
Figures 2, 3, and 4 of Sec. 56.36 must be individually graded by a 
grader or by authorized personnel pursuant to Sec. 56.11 and thereafter 
check graded by a grader.
    (b) Shell eggs not graded in accordance with paragraph (a) of this 
section may be officially graded on a sample basis and the shipping 
containers may be identified with grademarks which contain the words 
``Sample Graded'' and which are approved by the Administrator.
    (c) Shell eggs which are to bear the U.S. consumer grademark shall 
be packed only from eggs of current production. They shall not possess 
any undesirable odors or flavors.

[32 FR 8231, June 8, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 39571, Aug. 4, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.41   Check grading officially identified product.

    Officially identified shell eggs packed or received in an official 
plant may be subject to final check grading prior to their shipment. 
Such product found not to be in compliance with the assigned official 
grade shall be placed under a retention tag until it is regraded to 
comply with the grade assigned or until the official identification is 
removed.

[35 FR 5664, Apr. 8, 1970. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]
Secs. 56.42--56.43  [Reserved]

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 56.45   Payment for fees and charges.

    (a) Fees and charges for any grading service shall be paid by the 
interested party making the application for such grading service, in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and 
Secs. 56.46 to 56.54, both inclusive; and, if so required by the grader, 
such fees and charges shall be paid in advance.
    (b) Fees and charges for any grading service shall, unless otherwise 
required pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section, be paid by check, 
draft, or money order payable to the Agricultural Marketing Service and 
remitted promptly to the Service.
    (c) Fees and charges for any grading service under a cooperative 
agreement with any State or person shall be paid in accordance with the 
terms of such cooperative agreement.

[33 FR 20004, Dec. 31, 1968 and 42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated 
at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.46   On a fee basis.

    (a) Unless otherwise provided in this part, the fees to be charged 
and collected for any service (other than for an appeal grading) 
performed, in accordance with this part, on a fee basis shall be based 
on the applicable rates specified in this section.
    (b) Fees for grading services will be based on the time required to 
perform the services. The hourly charge shall be $33.64 and shall 
include the time actually required to perform the grading, waiting time, 
travel time, and any clerical costs involved in issuing a certificate.
    (c) Grading services rendered on Saturdays, Sundays, or legal 
holidays shall be charged for at the rate of $35.52 per hour. 
Information on legal holidays is available from the Supervisor.

[33 FR 20004, Dec. 31, 1968. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 59 FR 52637, Oct. 18, 
1994]

[[Page 82]]



Sec. 56.47  Fees for appeal grading or review of a grader's decision.

    The cost of an appeal grading or review of a grader's decision shall 
be borne by the appellant at an hourly rate of $27.36 for the time spent 
in performing the appeal and travel time to and from the site of the 
appeal, plus any additional expenses. If the appeal grading or review of 
a grader's decision discloses that a material error was made in the 
original determination, no fee or expenses will be charged.

[59 FR 52637, Oct. 18, 1994]



Sec. 56.49   Travel expenses and other charges.

    Charges are to be made to cover the cost of travel and other 
expenses incurred by the service in connection with rendering grading 
service. Such charges shall include the cost of transportation, per 
diem, and any other expenses.

[42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 8, Jan. 2, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981]



Sec. 56.52   Continuous grading performed on a resident basis.

    Fees to be charged and collected for any grading service, other than 
for an appeal grading, on a resident grading basis, shall be those 
provided in this section. The fees to be charged for any appeal grading 
shall be as provided in Sec. 56.47.
    (a) Charges. The charges for the grading of shell eggs shall be paid 
by the applicant for the service and shall include items listed in this 
section as are applicable. Payment for the full cost of the grading 
service rendered to the applicant shall be made by the applicant to 
Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 
(hereinafter referred to as ``AMS''). Such full costs shall comprise 
such of the items listed in this section as are due and included in the 
bill or bills covering the period or periods during which the grading 
service was rendered. Bills will be rendered by the 10th day following 
the end of the period in which the service was rendered and are payable 
upon receipt.
    (1) An inauguration charge of $310 will be made at the time an 
application for service is signed except when the application is 
required because of a change in name or ownership. If service is not 
installed within 6 months from the date the application is filed, or if 
service is inactive due to an approved request for removal of a 
grader(s) for a period of 6 months, the application will be considered 
terminated, but a new application may be filed at any time. In addition 
there will be a charge of $300 if the application is terminated at the 
request of the applicant for reasons other than for a change in 
location, within 12 months from the date of the inauguration of service.
    (2) A charge for the salary and other costs, as specified in this 
paragraph, for each grader while assigned to a plant, except that no 
charge will be made when the assigned grader is temporarily reassigned 
by AMS to perform grading service for other than the applicant. Base 
salary rates will be determined on a national average for all official 
plants operating in States under a Federal Trust Fund Agreement where 
Federal graders, State graders, or a combination of Federal and State 
graders are used, by averaging the salary rates paid to each Federal or 
State grader assigned to such plants. Charges to plants are as follows:
    (i) For all regular hours of work scheduled and approved as an 
established tour of duty for a plant, the regular rate charge will be 
made. The regular rate charge will be determined by adding an amount to 
the base salary rate to cover the costs to AMS for such items as the 
Employer's Tax imposed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) 
for Old Age and Survivor's Benefits under the Social Security System, 
retirement benefits, group life insurance, severance pay, sick leave, 
annual leave, additional salary and travel costs for relief grading 
service, accident payments, certain moving costs, and related servicing 
costs.
    (ii) All hours worked by an assigned grader or another grader in 
excess of the approved tour of duty, or worked on a nonscheduled 
workday, or actually worked on a holiday in excess of the tour of duty, 
will be considered as overtime. The charge for such overtime

[[Page 83]]

will be 150 percent of the grader's base salary rate.
    (iii) For work performed on a holiday which is within the 
established tour of duty approved for a plant, the added charge will be 
the same as the grader's base rate.
    (iv) For work performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., night 
differential charges (for regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked 
during this period) will be at the applicable rates established plus 10 
percent of the base rate.
    (v) For work performed on Sunday, Sunday differential charges (for 
regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked on Sunday) will be at the 
applicable rates established plus 25 percent of the base rate.
    (vi) For all hours of work performed in a plant without an approved 
tour of duty, the charge will be one of the applicable hourly rates in 
Sec. 56.46.
    (3) A charge at the hourly rates specified in Sec. 56.46, plus 
actual travel expenses incurred by AMS for intermediate surveys to firms 
without grading service in effect.
    (4) An administrative service charge based upon the aggregate number 
of 30-dozen cases of all shell eggs handled in the plant per billing 
period multiplied by $0.036, except that the minimum charge per billing 
period shall be $215 and the maximum charge shall be $2,150. The minimum 
charge also applies where an approved application is in effect and no 
product is handled.
    (b) Other provisions. (1) The applicant shall designate in writing 
the employees of the applicant who will be required and authorized to 
furnish each grader with such information as may be necessary for the 
performance of the grading service.
    (2) AMS will provide, as available, an adequate number of graders to 
perform the grading service. The number of graders required will be 
determined by AMS based on the expected demand for service.
    (3) The grading service shall be provided at the designated plant 
and shall be continued until the service is suspended, withdrawn, or 
terminated by:
    (i) Mutual consent;
    (ii) Thirty (30) days' written notice, by either the applicant or 
AMS specifying the date of suspension, withdrawal, or termination;
    (iii) One (1) day's written notice by AMS to the applicant if the 
applicant fails to honor any invoice within thirty (30) days after date 
of invoice covering the cost of the grading service; or
    (iv) Action taken by AMS pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 56.31.
    (4) Graders will be required to confine their activities to those 
duties necessary in the rendering of grading service and such closely 
related activities as may be approved by AMS: Provided, That in no 
instance may the graders assume the duties of management.

[34 FR 8232, May 28, 1969]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations to Sec. 56.52, see 
the List of CFR Sections Affected appearing in the Finding Aids section 
of this volume.



Sec. 56.53   Fees or charges for grading service performed under cooperative agreement.

    Fees or charges to be made to an applicant for grading service which 
differ from those listed in Secs. 56.45 through 56.54 shall be provided 
for by a cooperative agreement.

[36 FR 7894, Apr. 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.54   Charges for continuous grading performed on a nonresident basis.

    Fees to be charged and collected for grading service on a 
nonresident grading basis, shall be those provided in this section. The 
fees to be charged for any appeal grading shall be as provided in 
Sec. 56.47.
    (a) Charges. The charges for the grading of shell eggs shall be paid 
by the applicant for the service and shall include items listed in this 
section as are applicable. Payment for the full cost of the grading 
service rendered to the applicant shall be made by the applicant to the 
Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture 
(hereinafter referred to as ``AMS''). Such full costs shall comprise 
such of the items listed in this section as are due and included in the 
bill or bills covering the period or periods during which the grading 
service was rendered. Bills will be rendered by the 10th day following 
the end of the billing period in

[[Page 84]]

which the service was rendered and are payable upon receipt.
    (1) A charge for the salary and other costs, as specified in this 
paragraph, for each grader while assigned to a plant, except that no 
charge will be made when the assigned grader is temporarily reassigned 
by AMS to perform grading service for other than the applicant. Base 
salary rates will be determined on a national average for all official 
plants operating in States under a Federal Trust Fund Agreement where 
Federal graders, State graders, or a combination of Federal and State 
graders are used, by averaging the salary rates paid to each Federal or 
State grader assigned to such plants. Charges to plants are as follows:
    (i) For all regular hours of work scheduled and approved as an 
established tour of duty for a plant, the regular rate charge will be 
made. The regular rate charge will be determined by adding an amount to 
the base salary rate to cover the costs to AMS for such items as the 
Employer's Tax imposed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) 
for Old Age and Survivor's Benefits under the Social Security System, 
retirement benefits, group life insurance, severance pay, sick leave, 
annual leave, additional salary and travel costs for relief grading 
service, accident payments, certain moving costs, and related servicing 
costs.
    (ii) All hours worked by an assigned grader or another grader in 
excess of the approved tour of duty, or worked on a nonscheduled 
workday, or actually worked on a holiday in excess of the tour of duty, 
will be considered as overtime. The charge for such overtime will be 150 
percent of the grader's base salary rate.
    (iii) For work performed on a holiday which is within the 
established tour of duty approved for a plant, the added charge will be 
the same as the grader's base rate.
    (iv) For work performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., night 
differential charges (for regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked 
during this period) will be at the applicable rates established plus 10 
percent of the base rate.
    (v) For work performed on Sunday, Sunday differential charges (for 
regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked on Sunday) will be at the 
applicable rates established plus 25 percent of the base rate.
    (vi) For all hours of work performed in a plant without an approved 
tour of duty, the charge will be one of the applicable hourly rates in 
Sec. 56.46.
    (2) An administrative service charge equal to 25 percent of the 
grader's total salary costs. A minimum charge of $215 will be made each 
billing period. The minimum charge also applies where an approved 
application is in effect and no product is handled.
    (b) Other provisions. (1) The applicant shall designate in writing 
the employees of the applicant who will be required and authorized to 
furnish each grader with such information as may be necessary for the 
performance of the grading service.
    (2) AMS will provide, as available, an adequate number of graders to 
perform the grading service. The number of graders required will be 
determined by AMS based on the expected demand for service.
    (3) The grading service shall be provided at designated locations 
and shall be continued until the service is suspended, withdrawn, or 
terminated by:
    (i) Mutual consent;
    (ii) Thirty (30) days' written notice, by either the applicant or 
AMS specifying the date of suspension, withdrawal, or termination;
    (iii) One (1) day's written notice by AMS to the applicant if the 
applicant fails to honor any invoice within thirty (30) days after date 
of invoice covering the cost of the grading service; or
    (iv) Action taken by AMS pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 56.31.
    (4) Graders will be required to confine their activities to those 
duties necessary in the rendering of grading service and such closely 
related activities as may be approved by AMS: Provided, That in no 
instance may the graders assume the duties of management.
    (5) When similar nonresident grading services are furnished to the 
same applicant under part 55 or part 70 of this chapter, the charges 
listed in this section shall not be repeated.

[35 FR 19327, Dec. 22, 1970]


[[Page 85]]


    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations to Sec. 56.54, see 
the List of CFR Sections Affected appearing in the Finding Aids section 
of this volume.

                          Grading Certificates



Sec. 56.55   Grading certificates and sampling report forms.

    Grading certificates and sampling report forms shall be issued on 
forms approved by the Administrator.

[20 FR 673, Feb. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.56   Grading certificate issuance.

    (a) Resident grading basis. Certificates will be issued only upon 
request therefor by the applicant or the Service. When requested, a 
grader shall issue a certificate covering product graded by him. In 
addition, a grader may issue a grading certificate covering product 
graded in whole or in part by another grader when the grader has 
knowledge that the product is eligible for certification based on 
personal examination of the product or official grading records.
    (b) Other than resident grading. Each grader shall, in person or by 
his authorized agent, issue a grading certificate covering each product 
graded by him. A grader's name may be signed on a grading certificate by 
a person other than the grader, if such person has been designated as 
the authorized agent of such grader by the National Supervisor: 
Provided, That the certificate is prepared from an official memorandum 
of grading signed by the grader: And provided further, That a notarized 
power of attorney authorizing such signature has been issued to such 
person by the grader and is on file in the office of grading. In such 
case, the authorized agent shall sign both his own and the grader's 
name, e.g., ``John Doe by Richard Roe.''

[36 FR 9841, May 29, 1971, as amended at 36 FR 10937, June 5, 1971. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 56.57   Disposition of grading certificates.

    The original and a copy of each grading certificate, issued pursuant 
to Sec. 56.56, and not to exceed two additional copies thereof if 
requested by the applicant prior to issuance, shall, immediately upon 
issuance, be delivered or mailed to the applicant or person designated 
by him. Other copies shall be filed and retained in accordance with the 
disposition schedule for grading program records.

[36 FR 9842, May 29, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 
1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 56.58   Advance information.

    Upon request of an applicant, all or part of the contents of any 
grading certificate issued to such applicant may be telephoned or 
telegraphed to him, or to any person designated by him, at his expense.

[20 FR 673, Feb. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                     Appeal of a Grading or Decision

    Source: Sections 56.60 through 56.66 appear at 35 FR 9918, June 17, 
1970, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 
1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981.



Sec. 56.60   Who may request an appeal grading or review of a grader's decision.

    An appeal grading may be requested by any interested party who is 
dissatisfied with the determination by a grader of the class, quality, 
quantity, or condition of any product as evidenced by the USDA grademark 
and accompanying label, or as stated on a grading certificate and a 
review may be requested by the operator of an official plant with 
respect to a grader's decision or on any other matter related to grading 
in the official plant.



Sec. 56.61   Where to file an appeal.

    (a) Appeal from resident grader's grading or decision in an official 
plant. Any interested party who is not satisfied with the determination 
of the class, quality, quantity, or condition of product which was 
graded by a grader in an official plant and has not left such plant, and 
the operator of any official plant who is not satisfied with a decision 
by a grader on any other matter related to grading in such plant may

[[Page 86]]

request an appeal grading or review of the decision by the grader by 
filing such request with the grader's immediate supervisor.
    (b) All other appeal requests. Any interested party who is not 
satisfied with the class, quality, quantity, or condition of product 
which has left the official plant where it was graded or which was 
graded other than in an official plant may request an appeal grading by 
filing such request in the area where the product is located or with the 
Chief of the Grading Branch.



Sec. 56.62   How to file an appeal.

    Any request for an appeal grading or review of a grader's decision 
may be made orally or in writing. If made orally, written confirmation 
may be required. The applicant shall clearly state the reasons for 
requesting the appeal service and a description of the product, or the 
decision which is questioned. If such appeal request is based on the 
results stated on an official certificate, the original and all 
available copies of the certificate shall be returned to the appeal 
grader assigned to make the appeal grading.



Sec. 56.63   When an application for an appeal grading may be refused.

    When it appears to the official with whom an appeal request is filed 
that the reasons given in the request are frivolous or not substantial, 
or that the quality or condition of the product has undergone a material 
change since the original grading, or that the original lot has changed 
in some manner, or the Act or the regulations in this part have not been 
complied with, the applicant's request for the appeal grading may be 
refused. In such case, the applicant shall be promptly notified of the 
reason(s) for such refusal.



Sec. 56.64   Who shall perform the appeal.

    (a) An appeal grading or review of a decision requested under 
Sec. 56.61(a) shall be made by the grader's immediate supervisor, or by 
a licensed grader assigned by the immediate supervisor other than the 
grader whose grading or decision is being appealed.
    (b) Appeal gradings requested under Sec. 56.61(b) shall be performed 
by a grader other than the grader who originally graded the product.
    (c) Whenever practical, an appeal grading shall be conducted jointly 
by two graders. The assignment of the grader(s) who will make the appeal 
grading requested under Sec. 56.61(b) shall be made by the regional 
director or the Chief of the Grading Branch.

[35 FR 9918, June 17, 1970, as amended at 40 FR 20056, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 56.65   Procedures for appeal gradings.

    (a) When all of the originally graded and identified samples are 
available, the appeal sample shall consist of such samples plus an equal 
number of samples.
    (b) When the original samples are not available, the appeal sample 
size for the lot shall consist of double the samples required in 
Sec. 56.4(b).
    (c) Shell eggs shall not have been moved from the original place of 
grading and must have been maintained under adequate refrigeration and 
humidity conditions.

[35 FR 9918, June 17, 1970. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and as amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 
15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 56.66   Appeal grading certificates.

    Immediately after an appeal grading is completed, an appeal 
certificate shall be issued to show that the original grading was 
sustained or was not sustained. Such certificate shall supersede any 
previously issued certificate for the product involved and shall clearly 
identify the number and date of the superseded certificate. The issuance 
of the appeal certificate may be withheld until any previously issued 
certificate and all copies have been returned when such action is deemed 
necessary to protect the interest of the Government. When the appeal 
grader assigns a different grade to the lot, the existing grade mark 
shall be changed or obliterated as necessary. When the appeal grader 
assigns a different class or quantity designation to the lot, the 
labeling shall be corrected.

[[Page 87]]

                          Facility Requirements



Sec. 56.75   Applicability of facility and operating requirements.

    The provisions of Sec. 56.76 shall be applicable to any grading 
service that is provided on a resident basis.

[28 FR 6345, June 20, 1963. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 56.76   Minimum facility and operating requirements for shell egg grading and packing plants.

    (a) General requirements for buildings and plant facilities. (1) 
Buildings shall be of sound construction so as to prevent, insofar as 
practicable, the entrance or harboring of vermin.
    (2) Grading and packing rooms shall be of sufficient size to permit 
installation of necessary equipment and the conduct of grading and 
packing in a sanitary manner. These rooms shall be kept reasonably clean 
during grading and packing operations and shall be thoroughly cleaned at 
the end of each operating day.
    (3) Adequate lavatory and toilet accommodations shall be provided. 
Toilet and locker rooms shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary 
condition. Hot and cold running water shall be provided. Rooms shall be 
ventilated to the outside of the building. Signs shall be posted in the 
rest rooms instructing employees to wash their hands before returning to 
work.
    (4) A separate refuse room or a designated area for the accumulation 
of trash must be provided in plants which do not have a system for the 
daily removal or destruction of such trash.
    (5) Wood benches, platforms, etc., in areas which are subjected to 
moisture and which develop odors shall be replaced with equipment of 
metal construction. Wood walls or partitions which develop odors shall 
be replaced with materials impervious to moisture. Newly constructed 
plants should be equipped with metal benches, platforms, etc., in areas 
which are subjected to moisture.
    (b) Grading room requirements. (1) The egg grading or candling area 
shall be adequately darkened to make possible the accurate quality 
determination of the candled appearance of eggs. There shall be no other 
light source or reflections of light that interfere with, or prohibit 
the accurate quality determination of eggs in the grading or candling 
area.
    (2) The grading and candling equipment shall provide adequate light 
to facilitate quality determinations. Other light sources and equipment 
or facilities shall be provided to permit the detection and removal of 
stained and dirty eggs or other undergrade eggs.
    (3) Adequate facilities, equipment, and light sources shall be 
provided to determine the condition of packing material.
    (4) Egg weighing equipment shall be provided. The egg weighing 
equipment shall be constructed to permit cleaning; operation in a clean, 
sanitary manner; and shall be capable of ready adjustment.
    (5) Adequate ventilation shall be provided.
    (c) Cooler room requirements. (1) Cooler rooms shall have 
refrigeration facilities capable of reducing within 24 hours and holding 
the maximum volume of eggs handled to 60  deg.F. or below. Accurate 
thermometers shall be provided.
    (2) Cooler rooms shall be free from objectionable odors and from 
mold, and shall be maintained in a sanitary condition.
    (3) All shell egg coolers shall be equipped with a hygrometer or 
portable equipment such as a psychrometer shall be available to 
determine the relative humidity. Humidifying equipment capable of 
maintaining a relative humidity which will minimize shrinkage shall be 
provided.
    (d) Shell egg protecting operations. Shell egg protecting (oil 
processing) operations shall be conducted in a manner to avoid 
contamination of the product and maximize conservation of its quality.
    (1) Eggs with excess moisture on the shell shall not be shell 
protected.
    (2) Oil having any off odor, or that is obviously contaminated, 
shall not be used in shell egg protection.
    (3) Processing oil that has been previously used and which has 
become contaminated shall be filtered and heat treated at 180  deg.F. 
for 3 minutes prior to use.

[[Page 88]]

    (4) Shell egg processing equipment shall be washed, rinsed, and 
treated with a bactericidal agent each time the oil is removed. It is 
preferable to filter and heat treat processing oil and clean processing 
equipment daily when in use.
    (5) Adequate coverage and protection against dust and dirt shall be 
provided when the equipment is not in use.
    (e) Shell egg cleaning operations. (1) Shell egg cleaning equipment 
shall be kept in good repair and shall be cleaned after each day's use 
or more frequently, if necessary.
    (2) The temperature of the wash water shall be maintained at 90 
deg.F. or higher, and shall be at least 20  deg.F. warmer than the 
temperature of the eggs to be washed. These temperatures shall be 
maintained throughout the cleaning cycle.
    (3) An approved cleaning compound shall be used in the wash water. 
(The use of metered equipment for dispensing the compound into solution 
is recommended.)
    (4) Wash water shall be changed approximately every 4 hours or more 
often if needed to maintain sanitary conditions, and at the end of each 
shift. Remedial measures shall be taken to prevent excess foaming during 
the egg washing operation.
    (5) Replacement water shall be added continuously to the wash water 
of washers to maintain a continuous overflow. Rinse water, chlorine, or 
quaternary sanitizing rinse may be used as part of the replacement 
water, provided, they are compatible with the washing compound. Iodine 
sanitizing rinse may not be used as part of the replacement water.
    (6) Only potable water may be used to wash eggs. Each official plant 
shall submit certification to the national office stating that their 
water supply is potable. An analysis of the iron content of the water 
supply, stated in parts per million, is also required. When the iron 
content exceeds 2 parts per million, equipment shall be provided to 
correct the excess iron content. Frequency of testing shall be 
determined by the Administrator. When the water source is changed, new 
tests are required.
    (7) Waste water from the egg washing operation shall be piped 
directly to drains.
    (8) The washing and drying operation shall be continuous and shall 
be completed as rapidly as possible. Eggs shall not be allowed to stand 
or soak in water. Immersion-type washers shall not be used.
    (9) Prewetting shell eggs prior to washing may be accomplished by 
spraying a continuous flow of water over the eggs in a manner which 
permits the water to drain away or other methods which may be approved 
by the Administrator. The temperature of the water shall be the same as 
prescribed in this section.
    (10) Washed eggs shall be spray-rinsed with water having a 
temperature equal to, or warmer than, the temperature of the wash water 
and contain an approved sanitizer of not less than 50 p/m nor more than 
200 p/m of available chlorine or its equivalent. Alternate procedures, 
in lieu of a sanitizer rinse, may be approved by the National 
Supervisor.
    (11) Test kits shall be provided and used to determine the strength 
of the sanitizing solution.
    (12) During any rest period, eggs shall be removed from the washing 
and rinsing area of the egg washer and from the scanning area whenever 
there is a buildup of heat.
    (13) Washed eggs shall be reasonably dry before cartoning or casing.
    (14) When steam or vapors originate from the washing operation, they 
shall be continuously and directly removed to the outside of the 
building.
    (f) Requirements for eggs which are to be marked with official U.S. 
identification mark. (1) Shell eggs held in the official plant shall be 
placed under refrigeration of 60  deg.F. or lower promptly after 
packaging. Officially identified shell eggs with an internal temperature 
of 70  deg.F. or higher when shipped from the official plant should be 
transported at a temperature of 60  deg.F. or less.
    (2) Every reasonable precaution shall be exercised to prevent 
``sweating'' of eggs.
    (3) Eggs which are to be officially identified with consumer 
grademarks shall be packaged only in new or good used cases and packing 
materials.

[[Page 89]]

Cases and packing materials must be reasonably clean, free of mold, 
mustiness and off odors and must be of sufficient strength and 
durability to adequately protect the eggs during normal distribution.
    (g) The following substances used in the plant shall be approved and 
handled in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions: Pesticides, 
insecticides, rodenticides, cleaning compounds, destaining compounds, 
foam control compounds, sanitizers, and inks and oils coming into 
contact with the product.

[20 FR 674, Feb. 1, 1955, as amended at 22 FR 8168, Oct. 16, 1957; 28 FR 
6346, June 20, 1963; 32 FR 8232, June 8, 1967; 35 FR 5664, Apr. 8, 1970; 
40 FR 20056, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 39571, Aug. 4, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, 
Dec. 3, 1982; 60 FR 12402, Mar. 7, 1995]



Sec. 56.77   Health and hygiene of personnel.

    (a) No person known to be affected by a communicable or infectious 
disease shall be permitted to come in contact with the product.
    (b) Plant personnel coming into contact with the product shall wear 
clean clothing.

[32 FR 8232, June 8, 1967. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



PART 58--GRADING AND INSPECTION, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR APPROVED PLANTS AND STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF DAIRY PRODUCTS1--Table of Contents




Subpart A--Regulations Governing the Inspection and Grading Services of 
                Manufactured or Processed Dairy Products

                               Definitions
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1 Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to 
comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.
58.1  Meaning of words.
58.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, 
          identifications, and devices for purpose of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.

                             Administration

58.3  Authority.

                      Inspection or Grading Service

58.4  Basis of service.
58.5  Where service is offered.
58.6  Supervision of service.
58.7  Who may obtain service.
58.8  How to make application.
58.9  Form of application.
58.10  Filing of application.
58.11  Approval of application.
58.12  When application may be rejected.
58.13  When application may be withdrawn.
58.14  Authority of applicant.
58.15  Accessibility and condition of product.
58.16  Disposition of samples.
58.17  Order of service.
58.18  Inspection or grading certificates, memoranda, or reports.
58.19  Issuance of inspection or grading certificates.
58.20  Disposition of inspection or grading certificates or reports.
58.21  Advance information.

       Appeal Inspection or Grading and Reinstatement of Regrading

58.22  When appeal inspection or grading may be requested.
58.23  How to obtain appeal inspection or grading.
58.24  Record of filing time.
58.25  When an application for appeal inspection or grading may be 
          refused.
58.26  When an application for an appeal inspection or grading may be 
          withdrawn.
58.27  Order in which appeal inspections or gradings are performed.
58.28  Who shall make appeal inspections or gradings.
58.29  Appeal inspection or grading certificate or report.
58.30  Application for reinspection or regrading.
58.31  Reinspection or regrading certificate or report.
58.32  Superseded certificates or reports.

                   Licensing of Inspectors or Graders

58.33  Who may be licensed.
58.34  Suspension or revocation of license.
58.35  Surrender of license.
58.36  Identification.
58.37  Financial interest of licensees.

                            Fees and Charges

58.38  Payment of fees and charges.
58.39  Fees for holiday or other nonworktime.
58.40  Fees for appeal inspection or grading.
58.41  Fees for additional copies of certificates.
58.42  Travel expenses and other charges.
58.43  Fees for inspection, grading, and sampling.

[[Page 90]]

58.45  Fees for continuous resident service.
58.46  Fees for service performed under cooperative agreement.

               Marking, Branding, and Identifying Product

58.49  Authority to use official identification.
58.50  Approval and form of official identification.
58.51  Information required on official identification.
58.52  Time limit for packaging inspected or graded products with 
          official identification.

    Prerequisites to Packaging Products With Official Identification

58.53  Supervisor of packaging required.
58.54  Packing and packaging room and equipment.
58.55  Facilities for keeping quality samples.
58.56  Incubation of product samples.
58.57  Product not eligible for packaging with official identification.

                               Violations

58.58  Debarment of service.

                              Miscellaneous

58.61  Political activity.
58.62  Report of violations.
58.63  Other applicable regulations.
58.64  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.

  Subpart B--General Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA 
                     Inspection and Grading Service

                               Definitions

58.100  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.
58.101  Meaning of words.

                                 Purpose

58.122  Approved plants under USDA inspection and grading service.

                             Approved Plants

58.123  Survey and approval.
58.124  Denial or suspension of plant approval.

         Premises, Buildings, Facilities, Equipment and Utensils

58.125  Premises.
58.126  Buildings.
58.127  Facilities.
58.128  Equipment and utensils.

                    Personnel, Cleanliness and Health

58.129  Cleanliness.
58.130  Health.

             Protection and Transport of Raw Milk and Cream

58.131  Equipment and facilities.

                   Quality Specifications for Raw Milk

58.132  Basis for classification.
58.133  Methods for quality and wholesomeness determination.
58.134  Sediment content.
58.135  Bacterial estimate.
58.136  Rejected milk.
58.137  Excluded milk.
58.138  Quality testing of milk from new producers.
58.139  Record of tests.
58.140  Field service.
58.141  Alternate quality control program.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.142  Product quality and stability.
58.143  Raw product storage.
58.144  Pasteurization or ultra-pasteurization.
58.145  Composition and wholesomeness.
58.146  Cleaning and sanitizing treatment.
58.147  Insect and rodent control program.
58.148  Plant records.
58.149  Alternate quality control programs for dairy products.

                  Packaging and General Identification

58.150  Containers.
58.151  Packaging and repackaging.
58.152  General identification.

                       Storage of Finished Product

58.153  Dry storage.
58.154  Refrigerated storage.

             Inspection, Grading and Official Identification

58.155  Grading.
58.156  Inspection.
58.157  Inspection or grading certificates.
58.158  Official identification.

                          Explanation of Terms

58.159  Terms.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
Packaging Nonfat Dry Milk, Instant Nonfat Dry Milk, Dry Whole Milk, and 
                             Dry Buttermilk

                               Definitions

58.205  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.210  Dry storage of product.
58.211  Packaging room for bulk products.
58.212  Hopper or dump room.
58.213  Repackaging room.

[[Page 91]]

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.214  General construction, repair and installation.
58.215  Pre-heaters.
58.216  Hotwells.
58.217  Evaporators and/or vacuum pans.
58.218  Surge tanks.
58.219  High pressure pumps and lines.
58.220  Drying systems.
58.221  Collectors and conveyors.
58.222  Dry dairy product cooling equipment.
58.223  Special treatment equipment.
58.224  Sifters.
58.225  Clothing and shoe covers.
58.226  Portable and stationary bulk bins.
58.227  Sampling device.
58.228  Dump hoppers, screens, mixers and conveyors.
58.229  Filler and packaging equipment.
58.230  Heavy duty vacuum cleaners.

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials

58.231  General.
58.232  Milk.
58.233  Skim milk.
58.234  Buttermilk.
58.235  Modified dry milk products.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.236  Pasteurization and heat treatment.
58.237  Condensed surge supply.
58.238  Condensed storage tanks.
58.239  Drying.
58.240  Cooling dry products.
58.241  Packaging, repackaging and storage.
58.242  Product adulteration.
58.243  Checking quality.
58.244  Number of samples.
58.245  Method of official sample analysis.
58.246  Cleaning of dryers, collectors, conveyors, ducts, sifters and 
          storage bins.
58.247  Insect and rodent control program.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.248  Nonfat dry milk.
58.249  Instant nonfat dry milk.
58.250  Dry whole milk.
58.251  Dry buttermilk and dry buttermilk product.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
                  Packaging Butter and Related Products

                               Definitions

58.305  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.311  Coolers and freezers.
58.312  Churn rooms.
58.313  Print and bulk packaging rooms.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.314  General construction, repair and installation.
58.315  Continuous churns.
58.316  Conventional churns.
58.317  Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.
58.318  Butter, frozen or plastic cream melting machines.
58.319  Printing equipment.
58.320  Brine tanks.
58.321  Cream storage tanks.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material

58.322  Cream.
58.323  [Reserved]
58.324  Butteroil.
58.325  Anhydrous milkfat.
58.326  Plastic cream.
58.327  Frozen cream.
58.328  Salt.
58.329  Color.
58.330  Butter starter cultures.
58.331  Starter distillate.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.332  Segregation of raw material.
58.334  Pasteurization.
58.335  Quality control tests.
58.336  Frequency of sampling for quality control of cream, butter and 
          related products.
58.337  Official test methods.
58.338  Composition and wholesomeness.
58.339  Containers.
58.340  Printing and packaging.
58.341  Repackaging.
58.342  General identification.
58.343  Storage of finished product in coolers.
58.344  Storage of finished product in freezer.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.345  Butter.
58.346  Whipped butter.
58.347  Butteroil or anhydrous milkfat.
58.348  Plastic cream.
58.349  Frozen cream.

   Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing and Packaging 
                                 Cheese

                               Definitions

58.405  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.406  Starter facility.
58.407  Make room.
58.408  Brine room.
58.409  Drying room.
58.410  Paraffining room.
58.411  Rindless cheese wrapping area.
58.412  Coolers or curing rooms.
58.413  Cutting and packaging rooms.

[[Page 92]]

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.414  General construction, repair and installation.
58.415  Starter vats.
58.416  Cheese vats, tanks and drain tables.
58.417  Mechanical agitators.
58.418  Automatic cheese making equipment.
58.419  Curd mill and miscellaneous equipment.
58.420  Hoops, forms and followers.
58.421  Press.
58.422  Brine tank.
58.423  Cheese vacuumizing chamber.
58.424  Monorail.
58.425  Conveyor for moving and draining block or barrel cheese.
58.426  Rindless cheese wrapping equipment.
58.427  Paraffin tanks.
58.428  Specialty equipment.
58.429  Washing machine.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material

58.430  Milk.
58.431  Hydrogen peroxide.
58.432  Catalase.
58.433  Cheese cultures.
58.434  Calcium chloride.
58.435  Color.
58.436  Rennet, pepsin, or other milk clotting enzymes and flavor 
          enzymes.
58.437  Salt.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.438  Cheese from pasteurized milk.
58.439  Cheese from unpasteurized milk.
58.440  Make schedule.
58.441  Records.
58.442  Laboratory and quality control tests.
58.443  Whey handling.
58.444  Packaging and repackaging.
58.445  General identification.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.446  Quality requirements.

   Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing and Packaging 
                             Cottage Cheese

                               Definitions

58.505  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.510  Rooms and compartments.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.511  General construction, repair and installation.
58.512  Cheese vats or tanks.
58.513  Agitators.
58.514  Container fillers.
58.515  Mixers.
58.516  Starter vats.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material

58.517  General.
58.518  Milk.
58.519  Dairy products.
58.520  Nondairy ingredients.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.521  Pasteurization and product flow.
58.522  Reconstituting nonfat dry milk.
58.523  Laboratory and quality control tests.
58.524  Packaging and general identification.
58.525  Storage of finished product.

  Requirements for Cottage Cheese Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.526  Official identification.
58.527  Physical requirements.
58.528  Microbiological requirements.
58.529  Chemical requirements.
58.530  Keeping quality requirements.

 Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and 
                        Packaging Frozen Desserts

                               Definitions

58.605  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.619  Mix processing room.
58.620  Freezing and packaging rooms.
58.621  Freezing tunnels.
58.622  Hardening and storage rooms.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.623  Homogenizer.
58.624  Freezers.
58.625  Fruit or syrup feeders.
58.626  Packaging equipment.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material

58.627  Milk and dairy products.
58.628  Sweetening agents.
58.629  Flavoring agents.
58.630  Stabilizers.
58.631  Emulsifiers.
58.632  Acid.
58.633  Color.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.634  Assembling and combining mix ingredients.
58.635  Pasteurization of the mix.
58.636  Homogenization.
58.637  Cooling the mix.
58.638  Freezing the mix.
58.639  Addition of flavor.
58.640  Packaging.
58.641  Hardening and storage.
58.642  Quality control tests.
58.643  Frequency of sampling.
58.644  Test methods.
58.645  General identification.

[[Page 93]]

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.646  Official identification.
58.647  Composition requirements for ice cream.
58.648  Microbiological requirements for ice cream.
58.649  Physical requirements for ice cream.
58.650  Requirements for frozen custard.
58.651  Requirements for ice milk.
58.652  Composition requirements for sherbet.
58.653  Microbiological requirements for sherbet.
58.654  Physical requirements for sherbet.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
        Packaging Pasteurized Process Cheese and Related Products

                               Definitions

58.705  Meaning of words.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.706  General construction, repair and installation.
58.707  Conveyors.
58.708  Grinders or shredders.
58.709  Cookers.
58.710  Fillers.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material

58.711  Cheddar, colby, washed or soaked curd, granular or stirred curd 
          cheese.
58.712  Swiss.
58.713  Gruyere.
58.714  Cream cheese, Neufchatel cheese.
58.715  Cream, plastic cream and anhydrous milkfat.
58.716  Nonfat dry milk.
58.717  Whey.
58.718  Flavor ingredients.
58.719  Coloring.
58.720  Acidifying agents.
58.721  Salt.
58.722  Emulsifying agents.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.723  Basis for selecting cheese for processing.
58.724  Blending.
58.725  Trimming and cleaning.
58.726  Cutting and grinding.
58.727  Adding optional ingredients.
58.728  Cooking the batch.
58.729  Forming containers.
58.730  Filling containers.
58.731  Closing and sealing containers.
58.732  Cooling the packaged cheese.
58.733  Quality control tests.

    Requirements for Processed Cheese Products Bearing USDA Official 
                             Identification

58.734  Official identification.
58.735  Quality specifications for raw materials.

              Quality Specifications For Finished Products

58.736  Pasteurized process cheese.
58.737  Pasteurized process cheese food.
58.738  Pasteurized process cheese spread and related products.

 Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and 
                Packaging Whey, Whey Products and Lactose

                               Definitions

58.805  Meaning of words.

                         Rooms and Compartments

58.806  General.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.807  General construction, repair and installation.

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials

58.808  Whey.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.809  Pasteurization.
58.810  Temperature requirements.
58.811  General.
58.812  Methods of official sample analysis.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.813  Dry whey.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
  Packaging Evaporated and Condensed Milk or Ultra-Pasteurized Products

                               Definitions

58.905  Meaning of words.

                         Equipment and Utensils

58.912  General construction, repair and installation.
58.913  Evaporators and vacuum pans.
58.914  Fillers.
58.915  Batch or continuous in-container thermal processing equipment.
58.916  Homogenizer.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures

58.917  General.
58.918  Standardization.
58.919  Pre-heat, pasteurization.
58.920  Homogenization.
58.921  Concentration.
58.922  Thermal processing.
58.923  Filling containers.
58.924  Aseptic filling.
58.925  Sweetened condensed.
58.926  Heat stability.

[[Page 94]]

58.927  Storage.
58.928  Quality control tests.
58.929  Frequency of sampling for quality control.
58.930  Official test methods.
58.931  General identification.

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials

58.932  Milk.
58.933  Stabilizers.
58.934  Sugars.
58.935  Chocolate and cocoa.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification

58.936  Milk.
58.937  Physical requirements for evaporated milk.
58.938  Physical requirements and microbiological limits for sweetened 
          condensed milk.

                        Subparts C-H--[Reserved]

  Subpart I--United States Standards for Grades of Monterey (Monterey 
                              Jack) Cheese

                               Definitions

58.2465  Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese.
58.2466  Types of surface protection.

                               U.S. Grades

58.2467  Nomenclature of U.S. grades.
58.2468  Basis for determination of U.S. grade.
58.2469  Specifications for U.S. grades.
58.2470  U.S. grade not assignable.

                          Explanation of Terms

58.2471  Explanation of terms.

                         Subpart J-K--[Reserved]

Subpart L--United States Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk (Spray 
                               Process)\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to 
comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmestic Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                               Definitions

58.2525  Nonfat dry milk.

                               U.S. Grades

58.2526  Nomenclature of U.S. grades.
58.2527  Basis for determination of U.S. grade.
58.2528  Specifications for U.S. grades.
58.2529  U.S. grade not assignable.
58.2532  Test methods.

                          Explanation of Terms

58.2537  Explanation of terms.

   Supplement to U.S. Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk (Spray 
              Process): U.S. Heat Treatment Classification

58.2538  Basis for obtaining heat treatment classification.
58.2539  Nomenclature of U.S. Heat Treatment Classification.
58.2540  Basis for determination of U.S. Heat Treatment Classification.
58.2541  Test method; whey protein nitrogen.

                         Subpart M-T--[Reserved]

     Subpart U--United States Standards for Instant Nonfat Dry Milk

                               Definitions

58.2750  Instant nonfat dry milk.

                               U.S. Grade

58.2751  Nomenclature of the U.S. grade.
58.2752  Basis for determination of the U.S. grade.
58.2753  Specifications for the U.S. grade.
58.2754  U.S. grade not assignable.
58.2756  Test methods.

                          Explanation of Terms

58.2759  Explanation of terms.

                          Subpart V--[Reserved]

  Subpart W--United States Department of Agriculture Standard for Ice 
                                  Cream

58.2825  United States Standard for ice cream.
58.2826  General identification.
58.2827  Official identification.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621--1627.

    Source: 23 FR 9410, Dec. 5, 1958, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.

    Note: Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to 
comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.



Subpart A--Regulations Governing the Inspection and Grading Services of 
                Manufactured or Processed Dairy Products

    Source: 37 FR 22363, Oct. 19, 1972, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.

[[Page 95]]

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.1   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning:
    Act means the applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627) or any other 
act of Congress conferring like authority.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service or any other officer or employee of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Agricultural Marketing Service or AMS means the Agricultural 
Marketing Service of the Department.
    Applicant means any interested party who has applied for inspection 
or grading service.
    Approved laboratory means a laboratory in which the facilities and 
equipment used for official testing have been adequate to perform the 
necessary official tests in accordance with this part.
    Approved plant means one or more adjacent buildings, or parts 
thereof, comprising a single plant at one location in which the 
facilities and methods of operation therein have been surveyed and 
approved by the Administrator as suitable and adequate for inspection or 
grading service in accordance with this part.
    Area Supervisor means any employee of the Branch in charge of dairy 
inspection or grading service in a designated geographical area.
    Branch means the Dairy Inspection Branch of the Poultry and Dairy 
Quality Division.
    Chief means the Chief of the Branch, or any officer or employee of 
the Branch to whom authority has been heretofore delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Class means any subdivision of a product based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same kind 
or method of processing.
    Condition of container means the degree of acceptability of the 
container with respect to freedom from defects which affect its 
serviceability, including appearance as well as usability, of the 
container for its intended purpose.
    Condition of product or condition is an expression of the extent to 
which a product is free from defects which affect its usability, 
including but not limited to, the state of preservation, cleanliness, 
soundness, wholesomeness, or fitness for human food.
    Continuous resident service or resident service is inspection or 
grading service performed at a dairy manufacturing plant or grading 
station by an inspector or grader assigned to the plant or station on a 
continuous, year-round, resident basis.
    Department or USDA means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
    Director means the Director of the Poultry and Dairy Quality 
Division, or any other officer or employee of the Division to whom 
authority has heretofore been delegated or to whom authority may 
hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    Division means the Poultry and Dairy Quality Division of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service.
    Inspection or grading service or service means in accordance with 
this part, the act of (a) drawing samples of any product; (b) 
determining the class, grade, quality, composition, size, quantity, or 
condition of any product by examining each unit or representative 
samples; (c) determining condition of product containers; (d) 
identifying any product or packaging material by means of official 
identification; (e) regrading or appeal grading of a previously graded 
product; (f) inspecting dairy plant facilities, equipment, and 
operations; such as, processing, manufacturing, packaging, repackaging, 
and quality control; (g) supervision of packaging inspected or graded 
product; (h) reinspection or appeal inspection; and (i) issuing an 
inspection or grading certificate or sampling, inspection, or other 
report related to any of the foregoing.
    Inspector or grader means any Federal or State employee to whom a 
license

[[Page 96]]

has been issued by the Administrator to perform one or more types of 
inspection or grading services.
    Inspection or grading office means the office of any inspector or 
grader.
    Interested party means any person financially interested in a 
transaction involving any inspection or grading service.
    Licensed plant employee means an employee of an approved plant to 
whom a license is issued by the Administrator to supervise packaging of 
officially inspected or graded product, perform laboratory tests, or 
perform other duties as assigned by the Administrator. A licensed plant 
employee is not authorized to issue any inspection or grading 
certificate.
    Product means butter, cheese (whether natural or processed), milk, 
cream, milk products (whether dried, frozen, evaporated, stabilized, or 
condensed), ice cream, dry whey, dry buttermilk, and any other food 
product, which is prepared or manufactured in whole or in part from any 
of the aforesaid products, as the Administrator may hereafter designate.
    Person means any individual, partnership, association, business, 
trust, corporation, or any organized group of persons, whether 
incorporated or not.
    Plant survey means an appraisal of the plant to determine extent to 
which facilities, equipment, method of operation, and raw material being 
received are in accordance with the provisions of this part. The survey 
shall be used to determine suitability of the plant for inspection or 
grading service.
    Quality means the inherent properties of any product which determine 
its relative degree of excellence.
    Regulations means the provisions of this subpart.
    Sampling report means a statement issued by an inspector or grader 
identifying samples taken by him for inspection or grading service.
    Supervisor of packaging means an employee of the Department or other 
person licensed by the Administrator to supervise the packaging and 
official identification of product or any repackaging of bulk product.

(60 Stat. 1087, 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.; 84 Stat. 1620, 21 U.S.C. 1031 et 
seq.)

[37 FR 22363, Oct. 19, 1972, as amended at 38 FR 4381, Feb. 14, 1973. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further amended at 43 FR 
60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 54 FR 
15167, Apr. 17, 1989]



Sec. 58.2   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, identifications, and devices for purpose of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks or identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said Act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the inspection or grading of 
agricultural products under said section. For the purposes of said 
subsection and the provisions in this part, the terms listed below shall 
have the respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed (including that prescribed in Sec. 58.18) used under 
the regulations in this subpart to certify with respect to the 
inspection of dairy processing plants and the inspection, class, grade, 
quality, size, quantity, or condition of products (including the 
compliance of products and packaging material with applicable 
specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of inspecting, grading, determining 
compliance, or sampling pursuant to the regulations in this subpart, any 
processing or plant-operation report made by an authorized person in 
connection with inspecting, grading, determining compliance, or sampling 
under the regulations in this subpart, and any report made by an 
authorized person of services performed pursuant to the regulations in 
this subpart.

[[Page 97]]

    (c) Official identification or other official marks means any form 
of identification or mark (including, but not limited to, those in 
Secs. 58.49 through 58.51) approved by the Administrator and authorized 
to be affixed to any product, or affixed to or printed on the packaging 
material of any product certifying the inspection, class, grade, 
quality, size, quantity, or condition of the products (including the 
compliance of products with applicable specifications) or to maintain 
the identity of the product for which service is provided under the 
regulations in this subpart.
    (d) Official device means a stamping applicance, branding device, 
stencil, printed label, or any other mechanically or manually operated 
tool that is approved by the Administrator for the purpose of applying 
any official mark or other identification to any product or the 
packaging material thereof.

                             Administration



Sec. 58.3   Authority.

    The Administrator shall perform such duties as may be required in 
the enforcement and administration of the provisions of the Act and this 
part.

                      Inspection or Grading Service



Sec. 58.4   Basis of service.

    Inspection or grading service shall be performed in accordance with 
the provisions of this part, the instructions and procedures issued or 
approved by the Administrator, U.S. standards for grades, Federal 
specifications, and specifications as defined in a specific purchase 
contract. All services provided in accordance with these regulations 
shall be rendered without discrimination on the basis of race, color, 
creed, or national origin.

[39 FR 986, Jan. 4, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 58.5   Where service is offered.

    Subject to the provisions of this part, inspection or grading 
service may be performed when a qualified inspector or grader is 
available, and when the facilities and conditions are satisfactory for 
the conduct of the service.



Sec. 58.6   Supervision of service.

    All inspection or grading service shall be subject to supervision by 
a supervisory inspector or grader, Area Supervisor, or by the Chief, or 
such other person of the Branch as may be designated by the Chief. 
Whenever there is evidence that inspection or grading service has been 
incorrectly performed, a supervisor shall immediately make a 
reinspection or regrading, and he shall supersede the previous 
inspection or grading certificate or report with a new certificate or 
report showing the corrected information.



Sec. 58.7   Who may obtain service.

    An application for inspection or grading service may be made by any 
interested person, including, but not limited to, the United States, any 
State, county, municipality, or common carrier, or any authorized agent 
of the foregoing.



Sec. 58.8   How to make application.

    (a) On a fee basis. An application for inspection or grading service 
may be made in any inspection or grading office or with any inspector or 
grader. Such application may be made orally (in person or by telephone), 
in writing, or by telegraph. If made orally, written confirmation may be 
required.
    (b) On a continuous basis. Application for inspection or grading 
service on a continuous basis as provided in Sec. 58.45 shall be made in 
writing on application forms as approved by the Administrator and filed 
with the Administrator.



Sec. 58.9   Form of application.

    Each application for inspection or grading service shall include 
such information as may be required by the Administrator in regard to 
the type of service; kind of products and place of manufacture, 
processing, or packaging: and location where service is desired.



Sec. 58.10   Filing of application.

    An application for inspection or grading service shall be regarded 
as filed only when made pursuant to this subpart.

[[Page 98]]



Sec. 58.11   Approval of application.

    An application for inspection or grading service may be approved 
when (a) a qualified inspector or grader is available, (b) facilities 
and conditions are satisfactory for the conduct of the service, and (c) 
the product has been manufactured or processed in a plant approved for 
inspection or grading service in accordance with the provisions of this 
part and instructions issued thereunder.



Sec. 58.12   When application may be rejected.

    An application for inspection or grading service may be rejected by 
the Administrator (a) when the applicant fails to meet the requirements 
of the regulations in this subpart prescribing the conditions under 
which the service is made available; (b) when the product is owned by, 
or located on the premises of, a person currently denied the benefits of 
the Act; (c) when an individual holding office or a responsible position 
with or having a substantial financial interest or share with the 
applicant is currently denied the benefits of the Act or was responsible 
in whole or in part for the current denial of the benefits of the Act to 
any person; (d) when the application is an attempt on the part of a 
person currently denied the benefits of the Act to obtain inspection or 
grading service; (e) when the product was produced from unwholesome raw 
material or was produced under insanitary or otherwise unsatisfactory 
conditions; (f) when the product is of illegal composition or is lacking 
satisfactory keeping quality; (g) when the product has been produced in 
a plant which has not been surveyed and approved for inspection or 
grading service; (h) when fees billed are not paid within 30 days; or 
(i) when there is noncompliance with the Act or this part or 
instructions issued hereunder. When an application is rejected, the 
applicant shall be notified in writing by the Area Supervisor or his 
designated representative, the reason or reasons for the rejection.

[37 FR 22363, Oct. 19, 1972, as amended at 53 FR 20278, June 3, 1988]



Sec. 58.13   When application may be withdrawn.

    An application for inspection or grading service may be withdrawn by 
the applicant at any time before the service is performed upon payment, 
by the applicant, of all expenses incurred by AMS in connection with 
such application.



Sec. 58.14   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of the authority of any person applying for any inspection or 
grading service may be required in the discretion of the Administrator.



Sec. 58.15   Accessibility and condition of product.

    Each lot of product for which inspection or grading service is 
requested shall be so conditioned and placed as to permit selection of 
representative samples and proper determination of the class, grade, 
quality, quantity, or condition of such product. In addition, if sample 
packages are furnished by the applicant, such samples shall be 
representative of the lot to be inspected or graded and additional 
samples shall be made available for verification. The room or area where 
the service is to be performed shall be clean and sanitary, free from 
foreign odors, and shall be provided with adequate lighting, 
ventilation, and temperature control.



Sec. 58.16   Disposition of samples.

    Any sample of product used for inspection or grading may be returned 
to the applicant at his request and at his expense if such request was 
made at the time of the application for the service. In the event the 
aforesaid request was not made at the time of application for the 
service, the sample of product may be destroyed, disposed of to a 
charitable organization, or disposed of by any other method prescribed 
by the Administrator.



Sec. 58.17   Order of service.

    Inspection or grading service shall be performed, insofar as 
practicable and subject to the availability of qualified inspectors or 
graders, in the order in which applications are made except that 
precedence may be given to any application for an appeal inspection or 
grading.

[[Page 99]]



Sec. 58.18   Inspection or grading certificates, memoranda, or reports.

    Inspection or grading certificates and sampling, plant survey, and 
other memoranda or reports shall be issued on forms approved by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 58.19   Issuance of inspection or grading certificates.

    An inspection or grading certificate shall be issued to cover a 
product inspected or graded in accordance with Instructions issued by 
the Administrator and shall be signed by an inspector or grader. This 
does not preclude an inspector or grader from granting a power of 
attorney to another person to sign in his stead, if such grant of power 
of attorney has been approved by the Administrator: Provided, That in 
all cases any such certificate shall be prepared in accordance with the 
facts set forth in the official memorandum defined in Sec. 58.2(b): And 
provided further, that whenever a certificate is signed by a person 
under a power of attorney the certificate should so indicate. The 
signature of the holder of the power shall appear in conjunction with 
the name of the grader or inspector who personally graded or inspected 
the product.

[39 FR 986, Jan. 4, 1974. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 58.20   Disposition of inspection or grading certificates or reports.

    The original of any inspection or grading certificate or report 
issued pursuant to Sec. 58.19, and not to exceed four copies thereof, 
shall immediately upon issuance be delivered or mailed to the applicant 
or person designated by him. One copy shall be filed in the inspection 
and grading office serving the area in which the service was performed 
and all other copies shall be filed in such manner as the Administrator 
may approve. Additional copies of any such certificate or report may be 
supplied to any interested party as provided in Sec. 58.41.



Sec. 58.21   Advance information.

    Upon request of an applicant, all or part of the contents of any 
inspection or grading certificate or report issued to such applicant may 
be telephoned or telegraphed to him, or to any person designed by him, 
at applicant's expense.

       Appeal Inspection or Grading and Reinstatement of Regrading



Sec. 58.22   When appeal inspection or grading may be requested.

    (a) An application for an appeal inspection or grading may be made 
by any interested party who is dissatisfied with any determination 
stated in any inspection or grading certificate or report if the 
identity of the samples or the product has not been lost; or the 
conditions under which inspection service was performed have not 
changed. Such application for appeal inspection or grading shall be made 
within 2 days following the day on which the service was performed. Upon 
approval by the Administrator, the time within which an application for 
an appeal grading may be made may be extended.
    (b) An appeal inspection shall be limited to a review of the 
sampling procedure and in analysis of the official sample used, when, as 
a result of the original inspection, the commodity was found to be 
contaminated with filthy, putrid, and decomposed material. If it is 
determined that the sampling procedures were improper, a new sample 
shall be obtained.



Sec. 58.23   How to obtain appeal inspection or grading.

    Appeal inspection or grading may be obtained by filing a request 
therefore, (a) with the Administrator, (b) with the inspector or grader 
who issued the inspection or grading certificate or report with respect 
to which the appeal service is requested, or (c) with the supervisor of 
such inspector or grader. The application for appeal inspection or 
grading shall state the reasons therefore, and may be accompanied by a 
copy of the aforesaid inspection or grading certificate or report or any 
other information the applicant may have secured regarding the product 
or the service from which the appeal is requested. Such application may 
be made orally (in person or by telephone), in

[[Page 100]]

writing, or by telegraph. If made orally, written confirmation may be 
required.



Sec. 58.24   Record of filing time.

    A record showing the date and hour when each such application for 
appeal inspection or grading is received shall be maintained in such 
manner as the Administrator may prescribe.



Sec. 58.25   When an application for appeal inspection or grading may be refused.

    The Administrator may refuse an application for an appeal inspection 
or grading when (a) the quality or condition of the products has 
undergone a material change since the time of original service, (b) the 
identical products inspected or graded cannot be made accessible for 
reinspection or regrading, (c) the conditions under which inspection 
service was performed have changed, (d) it appears that the reasons for 
an appeal inspection or grading are frivolous or not substantial, or (e) 
the Act or this part have not been complied with. The applicant shall be 
promptly notified of the reason for such refusal.



Sec. 58.26   When an application for an appeal inspection or grading may be withdrawn.

    An application for appeal inspection or grading may be withdrawn by 
the applicant at any time before the appeal inspection or grading is 
made upon payment, by the applicant, of all expenses incurred by AMS in 
connection with such application.



Sec. 58.27   Order in which appeal inspections or gradings are performed.

    Appeal inspections or gradings shall be performed, insofar as 
practicable, in the order in which applications therefor are received; 
and any such application may be given precedence pursuant to Sec. 58.17.



Sec. 58.28   Who shall make appeal inspections or gradings.

    An appeal inspection or grading of any product or service shall be 
made by any inspector or grader (other than the one from whose service 
the appeal is made) designated for this purpose by the Administrator; 
and, whenever practical, such appeal inspection or grading shall be 
conducted jointly by two such inspectors or graders.



Sec. 58.29   Appeal inspection or grading certificate or report.

    Immediately after an appeal inspection or grading has been 
completed, an appeal inspection or grading certificate or report shall 
be issued showing the results of the inspection or grading. Such 
certificate or report shall thereupon supersede the previous certificate 
or report and will be effective retroactive to the date of the previous 
certificate or report. Each appeal certificate or report shall clearly 
set forth the number and the date of the previous certificate or report 
which it supersedes. The provisions of Secs. 58.18 through 58.21 shall, 
whenever applicable, also apply to appeal certificates or reports except 
that copies shall be furnished each interested party of record.



Sec. 58.30   Application for reinspection or regrading.

    An application for the reinspection or regrading of any previously 
inspected or graded product may be made at any time by any interested 
party; and such application shall clearly indicate the reasons for 
requesting the reinspection or regrading. The provisions of the 
regulations in this subpart relative to inspection or grading service 
shall apply to reinspection or regrading service.



Sec. 58.31   Reinspection or regrading certificate or report.

    Immediately after a reinspection or regrading has been completed, a 
reinspection or a regrading certificate or report shall be issued 
showing the results of such reinspection or regrading; and such 
certificate or report shall thereupon supersede, as of the time of 
issuance, the inspection or grading certificate or report previously 
issued. Each reinspection or regrading certificate or report shall 
clearly set forth the number and date of the inspection or grading 
certificate or report that it supersedes. The provisions of Secs. 58.18 
through 58.21 shall, whenever applicable, also apply to reinspection or 
regrading certificates or reports except

[[Page 101]]

that copies shall be furnished each interested party of record.



Sec. 58.32   Superseded certificates or reports.

    When any inspection or grading certificate or report is superseded 
in accordance with this part, such certificate or report shall become 
null and void and, after the effective time of the supersedure, shall no 
longer represent the class, grade, quality, quantity, or condition 
described therein. If the original and all copies of such superseded 
certificate or report are not returned to the inspector or grader 
issuing the reinspection or regrading or appeal inspection or grading 
certificate or report, the inspector or grader shall notify such persons 
as he considers necessary to prevent fraudulent use of the superseded 
certificate or report.

                   Licensing of Inspectors or Graders



Sec. 58.33  Who may be licensed.

    Any person processing proper qualifications, as determined by an 
examination for competency, held at such time and in such manner as may 
be prescribed by the Administrator, may be licensed to perform specified 
inspection or grading service. Each license issued shall be signed by 
the Administrator.

[53 FR 20278, June 3, 1988]



Sec. 58.34   Suspension or revocation of license.

    For good cause and in instances of willful wrongdoing, the 
Administrator may suspend any license issued under the regulations in 
this subpart by giving notice of such suspension to the respective 
individual involved, accompanied by a statement of reasons therefor. 
Within 10 days after receipt of the aforesaid notice and statement of 
reasons by such individual, he may file an appeal in writing with the 
Administrator supported by any argument or evidence that he may wish to 
offer as to why his license should not be suspended or revoked. In 
conjunction therewith, he may request and, in such event, shall be 
accorded an oral hearing. After consideration of such argument and 
evidence, the Administrator will take such action as warranted with 
respect to such suspension or revocation. When no appeal is filed within 
the prescribed 10 days, the license is revoked.



Sec. 58.35   Surrender of license.

    Each license which is suspended or revoked shall be surrendered 
promptly by the licensee to his supervisor. Upon termination of the 
services of a licensee, the license shall be surrendered promptly by the 
licensee to his supervisor.



Sec. 58.36   Identification.

    Each licensee shall have his license card in his possession at all 
times while performing any function under the regulations in this 
subpart and shall identify himself by such card upon request.



Sec. 58.37   Financial interest of licensees.

    No licensee shall render service on any product in which he is 
financially interested.

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 58.38   Payment of fees and charges.

    (a) Fees and charges for any inspection or grading service shall be 
paid by the interested party, making the application for such service, 
in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section and 
Secs. 58.39 through 58.46 and, if so required by the inspector or 
grader, such fees and charges shall be paid in advance.
    (b) Fees and charges for any inspection or grading service performed 
by any inspector or grader who is a salaried employee of the Department 
shall, unless otherwise required pursuant to paragraph (c) of this 
section, be paid by the interested party making application for such 
inspection or grading service by check, draft, or money order payable to 
the Agricultural Marketing Service and remitted promptly to the office 
indicated on the bill.
    (c) Fees and charges for any inspection or grading service under a 
cooperative agreement with any State or person shall be paid in 
accordance with the terms of the cooperative agreement by the interested 
party making application for the service.

[[Page 102]]



Sec. 58.39   Fees for holiday or other nonworktime.

    If an applicant requests that inspection or grading service be 
performed on a holiday, Saturday, or Sunday or in excess of each 8-hour 
shift Monday through Friday, he shall be charged for such service at a 
rate of 1\1/2\ times the rate which would be applicable for such service 
if performed during normal working hours.



Sec. 58.40   Fees for appeal inspection or grading.

    The fees to be charged for any appeal inspection or grading shall be 
double the fees specified on the inspection or grading certificate from 
which the appeal is taken: Provided, That the fee for any appeal grading 
requested by any agency of the U.S. Government shall be the same as set 
forth in the certificate from which the appeal is taken. If the result 
of any appeal inspection or grading discloses that a material error was 
made in the inspection or grading appealed from, no fee shall be 
required.



Sec. 58.41  Fees for additional copies of certificates.

    Additional copies of any inspection or grading certificates 
(including takeoff certificates), other than those provided for in 
Sec. 58.20 may be supplied to any interested party upon payment of a fee 
based on time required to prepare such copies at the hourly rate 
specified in Sec. 58.43.

[54 FR 15167, Apr. 17, 1989]



Sec. 58.42  Travel expenses and other charges.

    Charges shall be made to cover the cost of travel and other expenses 
incurred by AMS in connection with the performance of any inspection or 
grading service.

[53 FR 20278, June 3, 1988]



Sec. 58.43  Fees for inspection, grading, and sampling.

    Except as otherwise provided in Secs. 58.38 through 58.46, charges 
shall be made for inspection, grading, and sampling service at the 
hourly rate of $52.00 for service performed between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 
p.m. and $57.20 for service performed between 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., 
for the time required to perform the service calculated to the nearest 
15-minute period, including the time required for preparation of 
certificates and reports and the travel time of the inspector or grader 
in connection with the performance of the service. A minimum charge of 
one-half hour shall be made for service pursuant to each request or 
certificate issued.

[61 FR 68998, Dec. 31, 1996]

    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 68998, Dec. 31, 1996, Section 58.43 
was revised, eff. Jan. 5, 1997. For the convenience of the user, the 
superseded text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 58.43  Fees for inspection, grading, and sampling.
    Except as otherwise provided in sections 58.38 through 58.46, 
charges shall be made for inspection, grading, and sampling service at 
the hourly rate of $48.00 for service performed between 6 a.m. and 6 
p.m., and $52.80 for service performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., for 
the time required to perform the service calculated to the nearest 15-
minute period, including the time required for preparation of 
certificates and reports and the travel time of the inspector and grader 
in connection with the performance of the service. A minimum charge of 
one-half hour shall be made for service pursuant to each request or 
certificate issued.

[60 FR 50078, Sept. 28, 1995]



Sec. 58.45  Fees for continuous resident services.

    Irrespective of the fees and charges provided in Secs. 58.39 and 
58.43, charges for the inspector(s) and grader(s) assigned to a 
continuous resident program shall be made at the rate of $47.00 per hour 
for services performed during the assigned tour of duty. Charges for 
service performed in excess of the assigned tour of duty shall be made 
at a rate of 1\1/2\ times the rate stated in this section.

[61 FR 68998, Dec. 31, 1996]

    Effective Date Note: At 61 FR 68998, Dec. 31, 1996, Section 58.45 
was revised, eff. Jan. 5, 1997. For the convenience of the user, the 
superseded text is set forth as follows:
Sec. 58.45  Fees for continuous resident service.
    Irrespective of the fees and charges provided in sections 58.39 and 
58.43, charges for the inspector(s) and grader(s) assigned to a 
continuous resident program shall be made at the rate of $43.00 per hour 
for services performed during the assigned tour of duty.

[[Page 103]]

Charges for service performed in excess of the assigned tour of duty 
shall be made at a rate of 1\1/2\ times the rate stated in this section.

[60 FR 50078, Sept. 28, 1995]



Sec. 58.46   Fees for service performed under cooperative agreement.

    The fees to be charged and collected for any service performed under 
cooperative agreement shall be those provided for by such agreement.

               Marking, Branding, and Identifying Product



Sec. 58.49   Authority to use official identification.

    Whenever the Administrator determines that the granting of authority 
to any person to package any product, inspected or graded pursuant to 
this part, and to use official identification, pursuant to Secs. 58.49 
through 58.57, will not be inconsistent with the Act and this part, he 
may authorize such use of official identification. Any application for 
such authority shall be submitted to the Administrator in such form as 
he may require.



Sec. 58.50   Approval and form of official identification.

    (a) Any package label or packaging material which bears any official 
identification shall be used only in such manner as the Administrator 
may prescribe, and such official identification shall be of such form 
and contain such information as the Administrator may require. No label 
or packaging material bearing official identification shall be used 
unless finished copies or samples thereof have been approved by the 
Administrator.
    (b) Inspection or grade mark permitted to be used to officially 
identify packages containing dairy products which are inspected or 
graded pursuant to this part shall be contained in a shield in the form 
and design indicated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of this section or such 
other form, design, or wording as may be approved by the Administrator.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.014


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.015


[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.016


The official identification illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for use 
on graded product packed under USDA inspection. Figure 2 is designed for 
graded product processed and packed under USDA inspection. Figure 3 is 
designated for inspected product (when U.S. standards for grades are not 
established) processed and packed under USDA quality control service. 
The official identification shall be printed on the package label, on 
the carton or on the wrapper and, preferably, on one of the main panels 
of the carton or wrapper. The shield identification shall be not less 
than \3/4\ inch by \3/4\ inch in size, and preferably 1 inch by 1 inch 
on 1-pound cartons or wrappers. Consideration will be given by the 
Administrator of a smaller shield on special packages where the size of 
the label does not permit use of the \3/4\ inch by \3/4\ inch shield.

[[Page 104]]

    (c) Official identification under this subpart shall be limited to 
U.S. Grade B or higher or to an equivalent standard of quality for U.S. 
name grades or numerical score grades when U.S. standards for grades of 
a product have not been established.
    (d) A sketch, proof, or photocopy of each proposed label or 
packaging material bearing official identification shall be submitted to 
the Chief of the Dairy Inspection Branch, Poultry and Dairy Quality 
Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, for review and tentative approval 
prior to acquisition of a supply of material.
    (e) The firm packaging the product shall furnish to the Chief four 
copies of the printed labels and packaging materials bearing official 
identification for final approval prior to use.

(60 Stat. 1087, 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.; 84 Stat. 1620, 21 U.S.C. 1031 et 
seq.)

[37 FR 22363, Oct. 19, 1972, as amended at 39 FR 987, Jan. 4, 1974. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and amended at 43 FR 60138, 
Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 58.51   Information required on official identification.

    Each official identification shall conspicuously indicate the U.S. 
grade of the product it identifies, if there be a grade, or such other 
appropriate terminology as may be approved by the Administrator. Also, 
it shall include the appropriate phrase: ``Officially graded,'' 
``Officially Inspected,'' or ``Federal-State graded.'' When required by 
the Administrator, the package label, carton, or wrapper bearing 
official identification for dairy products shall be stamped or 
perforated with the date packed and the certificate number or a code 
number to indicate lot and date packed. Such coding shall be made 
available to and approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 58.52   Time limit for packaging inspected or graded products with official identification.

    Any lot of butter which is graded for packaging with official grade 
identification shall be packaged within 10 days immediately following 
the date of grading, and any lot of natural cheese or dry milk shall be 
packaged within 30 days immediately following date of grading provided 
the product is properly stored during the 10- or 30-day period. Time 
limit for packaging other inspected or graded products shall be as 
approved by the Administrator. If inspected or graded product is moved 
to another location, a reinspection or regrading shall be required.

    Prerequisites to Packaging Products With Official Identification



Sec. 58.53   Supervisor of packaging required.

    The official identification of any inspected or graded product, as 
provided in Secs. 58.50 through 58.52, this section, and Secs. 58.54 
through 58.57, shall be done only under the supervision of a supervisor 
of packaging. The authority to use official identification may be 
granted by the Administrator only to applicants who utilize the services 
of a supervisor of packaging in accordance with this subpart. The 
supervisor of packaging shall have jurisdiction over the use and 
handling of all packaging material bearing any official identification.



Sec. 58.54   Packing and packaging room and equipment.

    Each applicant who is granted authority to package any product with 
official identification and who operates, for such purpose, a packaging 
room shall maintain the room and the equipment therein in accordance 
with this part.



Sec. 58.55   Facilities for keeping quality samples.

    Each applicant granted authority, as aforesaid, to package product 
with official identification shall provide and maintain suitable 
equipment for the purpose of incubating samples of product.



Sec. 58.56   Incubation of product samples.

    (a) Samples of product may be taken from any lot of product which is 
submitted for inspection or grading and packaging with official 
identification, or sample may be taken after packaging for the purpose 
of determining in accordance with provisions of this part

[[Page 105]]

if such product possesses satisfactory keeping quality.
    (b) Samples of product may be taken for keeping quality tests in 
accordance with provisions of this part from any lot of product 
submitted for inspection or grading. Issuance of the inspection or 
grading certificate may be withheld pending completion of the tests.



Sec. 58.57   Product not eligible for packaging with official identification.

    (a) When a lot of inspected or graded product shows unsatisfactory 
keeping quality, other lots from the same manufacturing plant shall not 
be packaged with official identification. Packaging with official 
identification may be resumed only when it is determined that product 
from such plant possesses satisfactory keeping quality.
    (b) Any manufacturing or processing plant supplying product, 
directly or indirectly, for packaging with official identification shall 
be surveyed and approved for inspection or grading service.

                               Violations



Sec. 58.58   Debarment of service.

    (a) The following acts or practices, or the causing thereof, may be 
deemed sufficient cause for the debarment, by the Administrator, of any 
person, including any agents, officers, subsidiaries, or affiliates of 
such person, from any or all benefits of the Act for a specified period. 
The rules of practice governing withdrawal of inspection and grading 
services in formal adjudicatory proceedings instituted by the Secretary 
(7 CFR, part 1, subpart H) shall be applicable to such debarment action.
    (1) Fraud or misrepresentation. Any willful misrepresentation or 
deceptive or fraudulent practice or act found to be made or committed by 
any person in connection with:
    (i) The making or filing of any application for any inspection or 
grading service, appeal reinspection, or regrading service;
    (ii) The making of the product accessible for inspection or grading 
service;
    (iii) The making, issuing, or using or attempting to issue or use 
any inspection or grading certificate issued pursuant to the regulations 
in this subpart or the use of any official stamp, label, or 
identification;
    (iv) The use of the terms ``United States,'' ``U.S.,'' ``Officially 
graded,'' ``Officially Inspected,'' ``Federal-State graded,'' or 
``Government graded,'' or terms of similar import in the labeling or 
advertising of any product without stating in conjunction therewith the 
official U.S. grade of the product; or
    (v) The use of any of the aforesaid terms or an official stamp, 
label, or identification in the labeling or advertising of any product 
that has not been inspected or graded pursuant to this part.
    (2) Use of facsimile form. Using or attempting to use a form which 
simulates in whole or in part any official identification for the 
purpose of purporting to evidence the U.S. grade of any product; or the 
unauthorized use of a facsimile form which simulates in whole or in part 
any official inspection or grading certificate, stamp, label, or other 
official inspection mark; and
    (3) Mislabeling. The use of any words, numerals, letters, or 
facsimile form which simulates in whole or in part any identification 
purporting to be a grade when such product does not comply with any 
recognized standards in general use for such grade, and such activity 
may be deemed sufficient cause for debarring such person from any or all 
benefits of the Act.
    (4) Willful violation of the regulations in this subpart. Willful 
violation of the provisions in this part or the Act, or the instructions 
or specifications issued thereunder.
    (5) Interfering with an inspector or grader. Any interference with 
or obstruction or any attempted interference or obstruction of any 
inspector or grader in the performance of his duties by intimidation, 
threat, bribery, assault, or other improper means.
    (b) [Reserved].

(60 Stat. 1087, 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.; 84 Stat. 1620, 21 U.S.C. 1031 et 
seq.)

[37 FR 22363, Oct. 19, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]

[[Page 106]]

                              Miscellaneous



Sec. 58.61   Political activity.

    All inspectors or graders are forbidden during the period of their 
respective appointments or licenses to take an active part in political 
management or in political campaigns. Political activities in city, 
county, State, or national elections, whether primary or regular, or in 
behalf of any party or candidate, or any measure to be voted upon, is 
prohibited. This applies to all appointees, including, but not being 
limited to, temporary and cooperative employees and employees on leave 
of absence with or without pay. Willful violation of this section will 
constitute grounds for dismissal in the case of appointees and 
revocation of licenses in the case of licensees.



Sec. 58.62   Report of violations.

    Each inspector, grader, and supervisor of packaging shall report, in 
the manner prescribed by the Administrator, all violations and 
noncompliances under the Act and this part of which such inspector, 
grader, or supervisor of packaging has knowledge.



Sec. 58.63   Other applicable regulations.

    Compliance with the provisions in this part shall not excuse failure 
to comply with any other Federal, or any State, or municipal applicable 
laws or regulations.



Sec. 58.64  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    The following control number has been assigned to the information 
collection requirements in 7 CFR part 58, subpart A, by the Office of 
Management and Budget pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 
Pub. L. 96-511.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
       7 CFR section where requirements are described        control No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
58.8(a)(b).................................................    0581-0126
58.9.......................................................    0581-0126
58.14......................................................    0581-0126
58.23......................................................    0581-0126
58.30......................................................    0581-0126
58.33......................................................    0581-0126
58.49......................................................    0581-0126
58.50(d)(e)................................................    0581-0126
58.51......................................................    0581-0126
58.122(b)..................................................    0581-0126
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[49 FR 6881, Feb. 24, 1984]



  Subpart B--General Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA 
                  Inspection and Grading Service1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    1 Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to comply 
with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 
Environmental Protection Act, or applicable laws and regulations of any 
State or Municipality.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Source: 40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.100  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    The following control number has been assigned to the information 
collection requirements in 7 CFR part 58, subpart B, by the Office of 
Management and Budget pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, 
Pub. L. 96-511.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
       7 CFR section where requirements are described        control No.
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58.139.....................................................    0581-0110
58.148.....................................................    0581-0110
58.441.....................................................    0581-0110
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[49 FR 6881, Feb. 24, 1984; as amended at 61 FR 67448, Dec. 23, 1996]



Sec. 58.101   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations of this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning:
    (a) Act. The applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing Act 
of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087, as amended; (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627)), or any other 
Act of Congress conferring like authority.
    (b) Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service

[[Page 107]]

or any other officer or employee of the Agricultural Marketing Service 
of the Department to whom there has heretofore been delegated, or to 
whom there may hereafter be delegated the authority to act in his stead.
    (c) Approved laboratory. A laboratory in which the facilities and 
equipment used for official testing have been approved by the 
Administrator as being adequate to perform the necessary official tests 
in accordance with this part, and operates under a USDA surveillance 
program as set forth by the Administrator.
    (d) Approved plant. One or more adjacent buildings, or parts 
thereof, comprising a single plant at one location in which the 
facilities and methods of operation therein have been surveyed and 
approved by the Administrator as suitable and adequate for inspection or 
grading service in accordance with the following:
    (1) Shall satisfactorily meet the specifications of this subpart as 
determined by the Administrator.
    (2) Receive dairy products only from plants, transfer stations, 
receiving stations and cream buying stations which satisfactorily comply 
with the applicable requirements of this subpart as determined by the 
Administrator. (Occasional shipments may be received from nonapproved 
plants provided the product is tested and meets the quality requirements 
for No. 2 milk.)
    (e) Sanitizing treatment. Subjection of a clean product contact 
surface to steam, hot water, hot air, or an acceptable sanitizing 
solution of sufficient strength, and for a duration of time to 
effectively destroy microorganisms. Sanitizing solutions shall comply 
with 21 CFR 121.2547.\2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\Section 121.2547 of title 21 was redesignated as Sec. 178.1010 at 
42 FR 14305, Mar. 15, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) Resident service. Inspection or grading service performed at a 
dairy manufacturing plant or grading station by an inspector or grader 
assigned to the plant or station on a continuous basis.
    (g) Dairy products. Butter, cheese (whether natural or processed), 
skim milk, cream, whey or buttermilk (whether dry, evaporated, 
stabilized or condensed), frozen desserts and any other food product 
which is prepared or manufactured in whole or in part from any of the 
aforesaid products, as the Administrator may hereafter designate.
    (h) Grader. Any employee of the Department authorized by the 
Administrator or any other person to whom a license has been issued by 
the Administrator to investigate and certify, in accordance with the Act 
and this part, to shippers of products and other interested parties, the 
class, quality, quantity, and condition of such products.
    (i) Inspector. Any employee of the Department authorized by the 
Administrator or any other person to whom a license has been issued by 
the Administrator to inspect and certify quality, quantity and condition 
of products, observe the manufacturing, processing, packaging and 
handling of dairy products, and to perform dairy plant surveys in 
accordance with the regulations of this part.
    (j) Inspection or grading service. Means in accordance with this 
part, the act of (1) drawing samples of any product; (2) determining the 
class, grade, quality, composition, size, quantity, condition, or 
wholesomeness of any product by examining each unit or representative 
samples; (3) determining condition of product containers; (4) 
identifying any product or packaging material by means of official 
identification; (5) regrading or appeal grading of a previously graded 
product; (6) inspecting dairy plant facilities, equipment, and 
operations; such as, processing, manufacturing, packaging, repackaging, 
and quality control; (7) supervision of packaging inspected or graded 
product; (8) reinspection or appeal inspection; and (9) issuing an 
inspection or grading certificate or sampling, inspection, or other 
report related to any of the foregoing.
    (k) Milk. The term milk shall include the following:
    (1) Milk is the lacteal secretion, practically free from colostrum, 
obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy cows. The cows 
shall be located in a Modified Accredited Area, an Accredited Free 
State, or an Accredited Free Herd for tuberculosis as

[[Page 108]]

determined by the Department. In addition, the cows shall be located in 
States meeting Class B status or Certified-Free Herds or shall be 
involved in a milk ring testing program or blood testing program under 
the current USDA Brucellosis Eradication Uniform Methods and Rules.
    (2) Goat milk is the lacteal secretion, practically free from 
colostrum, obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy 
goats. The goats shall be located in States meeting the current USDA 
Uniform Methods and Rules for Bovine Tuberculosis Eradication or an 
Accredited Free Goat Herd. Goat milk shall only be used to manufacture 
dairy products that are legally provided for in 21 CFR or recognized as 
non-standardized traditional products normally manufactured from goats 
milk.
    (l) Official identification. Official identification is provided for 
use on product packed under USDA inspection. Any package label or 
packaging material which bears any official identification shall be used 
only in such manner as the Administrator may prescribe, and such 
official identification shall be of such form and contain such 
information as the Administrator may require.
    (m) Official methods. Official Methods of Analysis of the 
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, a publication of the 
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Box 540, Benjamin Franklin 
Station, Washington, DC 20044.
    (n) Pasteurization (Pasteurized). Pasteurization shall mean that 
every particle of product shall have been heated in properly operated 
equipment to one of the temperatures specified in the table and held 
continuously at or above that temperature for at least the specified 
time (or other time/temperature relationship equivalent thereto in 
microbial destruction):

                             Fluid Products                             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Temperature                              Time            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
145  deg.F (vat pasteurization)..........  30 minutes.                  
161  deg.F (high temperature short time    15 seconds.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
191  deg.F (higher heat shorter time       1.0 second.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
194  deg.F (higher heat shorter time       0.5 second.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
201  deg.F (higher heat shorter time       0.1 second.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
204  deg.F (higher heat shorter time       .05 second.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
212  deg.F (higher heat shorter time       .01 second.                  
 pasteurization).                                                       
------------------------------------------------------------------------


  Products Having Dairy Ingredients With a Fat Content of 10 Percent or 
                    More, or Contain Added Sweeteners                   
150  deg.F...............................  30 minutes.                  
166  deg.F...............................  15 seconds.                  
                                                                        


                           Frozen Dessert Mix                           
155  deg.F...............................  30 minutes.                  
175  deg.F...............................  25 seconds.                  
                                                                        


                   Condensed Milk To Be Repasteurized                   
166  deg.F...............................  15 seconds.                  
                                                                        

    (o) Plant survey. An appraisal of a plant to determine the extent to 
which facilities, equipment, method of operation, and raw material being 
received are in accordance with the provisions of this part. The survey 
shall be used to determine suitability of the plant for USDA inspection 
or grading service.
    (p) Plant status. The extent to which a plant complies with this 
subpart shall be determined under procedures as set forth by the 
Administrator.
    (q) Producer. The person or persons who exercise control over the 
production of the milk delivered to a processing plant or receiving 
station and who receive payment for this product.
    (r) Quality control. The inspection of the quality of the raw 
material and the conditions relative to the preparation of the product 
from its raw state through each step in the entire process. It includes 
the inspection of conditions under which the product is prepared, 
processed, manufactured, packed and stored. In addition, assistance and 
guidance is offered to improve the raw milk quality, processing methods, 
quality, stability, and packaging and handling of the finished product.
    (s) Regulations. The term ``regulations'' means the provisions 
contained in this part.
    (t) Shall. Expresses a provision that is mandatory.

[[Page 109]]

    (u) Should. Expresses recommended nonmandatory provisions which when 
followed would significantly aid in a quality improvement program.
    (v) Standard methods. Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy 
Products, a publication of the American Public Health Association, 1790 
Broadway, New York, New York.
    (w) 3-A Sanitary Standards and Accepted Practice. The latest 
standards for dairy equipment and accepted practices formulated by the 
3-A Sanitary Standards Committees representing the International 
Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, the Food and 
Drug Administration and the Dairy Industry Committee. Published by the 
International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, 
Box 701, Ames, Iowa.
    (x) USDA or Department. Means the United States Department of 
Agriculture.
    (y) Receiving Station. Any place, premise, or establishment where 
milk or dairy products are received, collected or handled for transfer 
to a processing or manufacturing plant.
    (z) Transfer station. Any place, premise, or establishment where 
milk or dairy products are transferred directly from one transport tank 
to another.
    (aa) Corrosion-resistant. Those materials that maintain their 
original surface characteristics under prolonged influence of the 
product to be contacted, cleaning compounds and sanitizing solutions, 
and other conditions of the environment in which used.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 50 FR 34672, Aug. 27, 
1985; 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 1993; 59 FR 24321, May 10, 1994; 59 FR 50121, 
Sep. 30, 1994]

                                 Purpose



Sec. 58.122   Approved plants under USDA inspection and grading service.

    (a) Adoption of certain sound practices at dairy plants will 
significantly aid the operators to manufacture more consistently, 
uniform high-quality stable dairy products. Only dairy products 
manufactured, processed and packaged in an approved plant may be graded 
or inspected and identified with official identification. The 
specifications established herein provide the basis for a quality 
maintenance program which may be effectively carried forward through 
official inspection, grading, and quality control service.
    (b) USDA inspection and grading service is provided to dairy product 
manufacturing plants on a voluntary basis. The operator of any dairy 
plant desiring to have such a plant qualified as an approved plant under 
USDA inspection and grading service may request surveys of such plant, 
premises, equipment, facilities, methods of operation, and raw material 
to determine whether they are adequate to permit inspection and grading 
service. The cost of this survey shall be borne by the applicant.

                             Approved Plants



Sec. 58.123   Survey and approval.

    Prior to the approval of a plant, a designated representative of the 
Administrator shall make a survey of the plant, premises, storage 
facilities, equipment and raw material, volume of raw material processed 
daily, and facilities for handling the products at the plant. The survey 
shall be made at least twice a year to determine whether the facilities, 
equipment, method of operation, and raw material being received are 
adequate and suitable for USDA inspection and grading service in 
accordance with the provisions of this part. To be eligible for approval 
a plant shall satisfactorily meet the specifications of this subpart as 
determined by the Administrator.



Sec. 58.124   Denial or suspension of plant approval.

    Plant approval may be denied or suspended if a determination is made 
by a designated representative of the Administrator that the plant is 
not performing satisfactorily in regard to; (a) the classification of 
milk, (b) proper segregation and disposal of unwholesome raw materials 
or finished product, (c) adequate facilities and condition of processing 
equipment, (d) sanitary conditions of plant and equipment, (e) control 
of insects, rodents and other vermin, (f) use of non-toxic

[[Page 110]]

product contact surfaces and prevention of adulteration of raw materials 
and products with chemicals or other foreign material, (g) proper 
operating procedures, (h) the maintenance of legal composition of 
finished products, (i) the manufacture of stable dairy products, of 
desirable keeping quality characteristics, (j) proper storage conditions 
for ingrpackaging methods and material.

         Premises, Buildings, Facilities, Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.125   Premises.

    (a) The premises shall be kept in a clean and orderly condition, and 
shall be free from strong or foul odors, smoke, or excessive air 
pollution. Construction and maintenance of driveways and adjacent plant 
traffic areas should be of cement, asphalt, or similar material to keep 
dust and mud to a minimum.
    (b) Surroundings. The immediate surroundings shall be free from 
refuse, rubbish, overgrown vegetation, and waste materials to prevent 
harborage of rodents, insects and other vermin.
    (c) Drainage. A suitable drainage system shall be provided which 
will allow rapid drainage of all water from plant buildings and 
driveways, including surface water around the plant and on the premises, 
and all such water shall be disposed of in such a manner as to prevent 
an environmental or health hazard.



Sec. 58.126   Buildings.

    The building or buildings shall be of sound construction and shall 
be kept in good repair to prevent the entrance or harboring of rodents, 
birds, insects, vermin, dogs, and cats. All service pipe openings 
through outside walls shall be effectively sealed around the opening or 
provided with tight metal collars.
    (a) Outside doors, windows, openings, etc. All openings to the outer 
air including doors, windows, skylights and transoms shall be 
effectively protected or screened against the entrance of flies and 
other insects, rodents, birds, dust and dirt. All outside doors opening 
into processing rooms shall be in good condition and fit propperly. All 
hinged, outside screen doors shall open outward. All doors and windows 
should be kept clean and in good repair. Outside conveyor openings and 
other special-type outside openings shall be effectively protected to 
prevent the entrance of flies and rodents, by the use of doors, screens, 
flaps, fans or tunnels. Outside openings for sanitary pipelines shall be 
covered when not in use. On new construction window sills should be 
slanted downward at approximately a 45 deg. angle.
    (b) Walls, ceilings, partitions and posts. The walls, ceilings, 
partitions, and posts of rooms in which milk, or dairy products are 
processed, manufactured, handled, packaged or stored (except dry storage 
of packaged finished products and supplies) or in which utensils are 
washed and stored, shall be smoothly finished with a suitable material 
of light color, which is substantially impervious to moisture and kept 
clean. They shall be refinished as often as necessary to maintain a 
neat, clean surface. For easier cleaning new construction should have 
rounded cove at the juncture of the wall and floor in all receiving, 
pasteurizing, manufacturing, packaging and storage rooms.
    (c) Floors. The floors of all rooms in which milk, or dairy products 
are processed, manufactured, packaged or stored or in which utensils are 
washed shall be constructed of tile properly laid with impervious joint 
material, concrete, or other equally impervious material. The floors 
shall be smooth, kept in good repair, graded so that there will be no 
pools of standing water or milk products after flushing, and all 
openings to the drains shall be equipped with traps properly constructed 
and kept in good repair. On new construction, bell and standpipe type 
traps shall not be used. The plumbing shall be so installed as to 
prevent the back-up of sewage into the drain lines and to the floor of 
the plant. Cold storage rooms used for storage of product and starter 
rooms need not be provided with floor drains if the floor is sloped to 
drain to an exit.

Sound, smooth, wood floors which can be kept clean, may be used in rooms 
where new containers and supplies and certain packaged finished products 
are stored.

[[Page 111]]

    (d) Lighting and ventilation. (1) Light shall be ample, natural or 
artificial, or both, of good quality and well distributed. All rooms in 
which dairy products are manufactured or packaged or where utensils are 
washed shall have at least 30 foot-candles of light intensity on all 
working surfaces. Rooms where dairy products are graded or examined for 
condition and quality shall have at least 50 foot-candles of light 
intensity on the working surface. Restrooms and locker rooms should have 
at least 30 foot-candles of light intensity. In all other rooms there 
shall be provided at least 5 foot-candles of light intensity when 
measured at a distance of 30 inches from the floor. Where contamination 
of product by broken glass is possible, light bulbs and fluorescent 
tubes shall be protected against breakage.
    (2) There shall be adequate heating, ventilation or air conditioning 
for all rooms and compartments to permit maintenance of sanitary 
conditions. Exhaust or inlet fans, vents, hoods or temperature and 
humidity control equipment shall be provided where and when needed, to 
minimize or control room temperatures, eliminate objectionable odors, 
and aid in prevention of moisture condensation and mold. Inlet fans 
should be provided with an adequate air filtering device to eliminate 
dirt and dust from the incoming air. Ventilation systems shall be 
cleaned periodically as needed and maintained in good repair. Exhaust 
outlets shall be screened or provided with self closing louvers to 
prevent the entrance of insects when not in use.
    (e) Rooms and compartments. Rooms and compartments in which any raw 
material, packaging, ingredient supplies or dairy products are handled, 
manufactured, packaged or stored shall be so designed, constructed and 
maintained as to assure desirable room temperatures and clean and 
orderly operating conditions free from objectionable odors and vapors. 
Enclosed bulk milk receiving rooms, when present, shall be separated 
from the processing rooms by a wall. Rooms for receiving can milk shall 
be separated from the processing rooms by a partition or by suitable 
arrangement of equipment. Processing rooms shall be kept free from 
equipment and materials not regularly used.
    (1) Coolers and freezers. Coolers and freezers where dairy products 
are stored shall be clean, reasonably dry and maintained at the proper 
uniform temperature and humidity to adequately protect the product, and 
minimize the growth of mold. Adequate circulation of air shall be 
maintained at all times. They shall be free from rodents, insects, and 
pests. Shelves shall be kept clean and dry. Refrigeration units shall 
have provisions for collecting and disposing of condensate.
    (2) Supply room. The supply rooms or areas used for the storing of 
packaging materials; containers, and miscellaneous ingredients shall be 
kept clean, dry, orderly, free from insects, rodents, and mold, and 
maintained in good repair. Such items stored therein shall be adequately 
protected from dust, dirt, or other extraneous material and so arranged 
on racks, shelves or pallets to permit access to the supplies and 
cleaning and inspection of the room. Insecticides, rodenticides, 
cleaning compounds and other nonfood products shall be properly labeled 
and segregated, and stored in a separate room or cabinet away from milk, 
dairy products, ingredients or packaging supplies.
    (3) Boiler rooms, shop rooms and shop areas. The boiler, and shop 
rooms shall be separated from other rooms where milk, and dairy products 
are processed, manufactured, packaged, handled or stored. Shop rooms or 
areas should be kept orderly and reasonably free from dust and dirt.
    (4) Toilet and dressing rooms. Adequate toilet and dressing room 
facilities shall be conveniently located.
    (i) Toilet rooms shall not open directly into any room in which milk 
or dairy products are processed, manufactured, packaged or stored; doors 
shall be self-closing; ventilation shall be provided by mechanical means 
to the outer air; fixtures shall be kept clean and in good repair.
    (ii) All employees shall be furnished with a locker or other 
suitable facility and the lockers and dressing rooms shall be kept clean 
and orderly. Adequate handwashing facilities shall be provided. Legible 
signs shall be posted conspicuously in each toilet or dressing

[[Page 112]]

room directing employees to wash their hands before returning to work.
    (5) Laboratory. (i) Consistent with the size and type of plant and 
the volume of dairy products manufactured, an adequately equipped 
laboratory shall be maintained and properly staffed with qualified and 
trained personnel for quality control and analytical testing. The 
laboratory should be located reasonably close to the processing activity 
and be of sufficient size to perform tests necessary in evaluating the 
quality of raw and finished products.
    (ii) Approved laboratories shall be supervised by the USDA resident 
inspector in all aspects of official testing and reporting results. 
Plant laboratory personnel in such plants may be licensed by the USDA to 
perform official duties. The AMS Science Division will provide 
independent auditing of laboratory analysis functions.
    (iii) An approved central control laboratory serving more than one 
plant may be acceptable, if conveniently located to the dairy plants, 
and if samples and results can be transmitted without undue delay.
    (6) Starter facilities. Adequate facilities shall be provided for 
the handling of starter cultures. The facilities shall not be located 
near areas where contamination is likely to occur.
    (7) Grading and inspection room. When grading or inspection of 
product is performed the plants shall furnish a room or designated area 
specifically for this purpose. The room or area shall be suitably 
located, sufficient in size, well lighted (see Sec. 58.126d), ventilated 
and the temperature shall be not less than 60  deg.F. It shall be kept 
clean and dry, free from foreign odors and reasonably free from 
disturbing elements which would interfere with proper concentration by 
the grader or inspector. The grading or inspection room or area shall be 
equipped with a table or desk and convenient facilities for washing 
hands.
    (8) Resident inspector's facilities. In resident plants, an office 
or space shall be provided for official purposes. The room or space 
should be conveniently located in or near the approved laboratory, 
adequate in size, and equipped with desk and a lockable storage supply 
cabinet, and clothes locker. It shall be well lighted, ventilated or air 
conditioned, and heated. Custodial service shall be furnished on a 
regular basis.
    (9) Lunch rooms and eating areas. When these areas are provided, 
they (i) shall be kept clean and orderly, (ii) should not open directly 
into any room in which milk or dairy products are processed, 
manufactured or packaged, and (iii) signs shall be posted directing 
employees to wash their hands before returning to work.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 
1993; 59 FR 24321, May 10, 1994; 59 FR 50121, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 58.127   Facilities.

    (a) Water supply. There shall be an ample supply of both hot and 
cold water of safe and sanitary quality, with adequate facilities for 
its proper distribution throughout the plant, and protected against 
contamination. Water from other facilities, when officially approved, 
may be used for boiler feed water and condenser water provided that such 
water lines are completely separated from the water lines carrying the 
sanitary water supply, and the equipment is so constructed and 
controlled as to preclude contamination of product contact surfaces. 
There shall be no cross connection between potable water lines and non-
potable water lines or between public and private water supplies. 
Bacteriological examinations shall be made of the plant's sanitary water 
supply taken at the plant at least twice a year, or as often as 
necessary to determine safety and suitability as related to product 
keeping quality for use in manufactured products shall be made by a USDA 
or State agency laboratory except for supplies that are regularly tested 
for purity and bacteriological quality, and approved by the local health 
officer. The results of all water tests shall be kept on file at the 
plant for which the test was performed.

The location, construction, and operation of any well shall comply with 
regulations of the appropriate agency.
    (b) Drinking-water facilities. Drinking-water facilities of a 
sanitary type shall be provided in the plant and should be conveniently 
located.

[[Page 113]]

    (c) Hand-washing facilities. Convenient hand-washing facilities 
shall be provided, including hot and cold running water, soap or other 
detergents, and sanitary single service towels or air driers. Such 
accommodations shall be located in or adjacent to toilet and dressing 
rooms and also at such other places in the plant as may be essential to 
the cleanliness of all personnel handling products. Vats for washing 
equipment or utensils shall not be used as hand-washing facilities. 
Containers shall be provided for used towels and other wastes. The 
containers may be metal or plastic, disposable or reuseable and should 
have self-closing covers.
    (d) Steam. Steam shall be supplied in sufficient volume and pressure 
for satisfactory operation of each applicable piece of equipment. 
Culinary steam used in direct contact with milk or dairy products shall 
be free from harmful substances or extraneous material and only those 
boiler water additives which meet the requirements of 21 CFR 121.1088 
shall be used, or a secondary steam generator shall be used in which 
soft water is converted to steam and no boiler compounds are used. Steam 
traps, strainers and condensate traps shall be used wherever applicable 
to insure a satisfactory and safe steam supply. Culinary steam shall 
comply with the recommended practices for ``Producing Culinary Steam for 
Processing Milk and Milk Products'' as published by the National 
Association of Food and Dairy Equipment Manufacturers, Washington, DC, 
April 1963 or latest revision thereof.
    (e) Air under pressure. The method for supplying air under pressure, 
which comes in contact with milk or dairy products or any product 
contact surface shall comply with the 3-A Accepted Practices for 
Supplying Air Under Pressure.
    (f) Disposal of wastes. Dairy wastes shall be properly disposed of 
from the plant and premises consistent with requirements imposed by the 
Environmental Protection Act. The sewer system shall have sufficient 
slope and capacity to readily remove all waste from the various 
processing operations. Where a public sewer is not available, all wastes 
shall be properly disposed of so as not to contaminate milk equipment or 
to create a nuisance or public health hazard. Containers used for the 
collection and holding of wastes shall be constructed of metal, plastic, 
or other equally impervious material and kept covered with tight fitting 
lids. Waste shall be stored in an area or room in a manner to protect it 
from flies and vermin. Solid wastes shall be disposed of regularly and 
the containers cleaned before reuse. Accumulation of dry waste paper and 
cardboard shall be kept to a minimum and disposed of in a manner that is 
environmentally acceptable.



Sec. 58.128   Equipment and utensils.

    (a) General construction, repair and installation. The equipment and 
utensils used for the processing of milk and manufacture of dairy 
products shall be constructed to be readily demountable where necessary 
for cleaning and sanitizing. The product contact surfaces of all 
utensils and equipment such as holding tanks, pasteurizers, coolers, 
vats, agitators, pumps, sanitary piping and fittings or any specialized 
equipment shall be constructed of stainless steel, or other materials 
which under conditions of intended use are as equally corrosion 
resistant. Non-metallic parts other than glass having product contact 
surfaces shall comply with 3-A Sanitary Standards for Plastic or Rubber 
and Rubber-Like Materials. Equipment and utensils used for cleaning 
shall be in an acceptable condition, such as not rusty, pitted or 
corroded. All equipment and piping shall be designed and installed so as 
to be easily accessible for cleaning, and shall be kept in good repair, 
free from cracks and corroded surfaces. New or rearranged equipment, 
shall be set away from any wall or spaced in such a manner as to 
facilitate proper cleaning and to maintain good housekeeping. All parts 
or interior surfaces of equipment, pipes (except certain piping cleaned-
in-place) or fittings, including valves and connections shall be 
accessible for inspection. Milk and dairy product pumps shall be of a 
sanitary type and easily dismantled for cleaning or shall be of 
specially approved construction to allow effective cleaning in place.


[[Page 114]]


All C.I.P. systems shall comply with the 3-A Accepted Practices for 
Permanently Installed Sanitary Product, Pipelines and Cleaning Systems.
    (b) Weigh cans and receiving tanks. Weigh cans and receiving tanks 
shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Weigh Cans and 
Receiving Tanks for Raw Milk and shall be easily accessible for cleaning 
both inside and outside and shall be elevated above the floor and 
protected sufficiently with the necessary covers or baffles to prevent 
contamination from splash, condensate and drippage. Where necessary to 
provide easy access for cleaning of floors and adjacent wall areas, the 
receiving tank shall be equipped with wheels or casters to allow easy 
removal.
    (c) Can washers. Can washers shall have sufficient capacity and 
ability to discharge a clean dry can and cover and shall be kept 
properly timed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. 
They should be equipped with proper temperature controls on the wash and 
rinse tanks and the following additional devices: Prerinse jet, wash 
tank solution feeder, can sanitizing attachment, forced air vapor 
exhaust, and removable air filter on drying chamber. The water and steam 
lines supplying the washer shall maintain a reasonably uniform pressure 
and if necessary be equipped with pressure regulating valves. The steam 
pressure to the can washer should be not less than 80 pounds, and the 
temperature of the wash and final rinse solution should be automatically 
controlled and not exceed 140  deg.F.
    (d) Product storage tanks or vats. Storage tanks or vats shall be 
fully enclosed or tightly covered and well insulated. The entire 
interior surface, agitator and all appurtenances shall be accessible for 
thorough cleaning and inspection. Any opening at the top of the tank or 
vat including the entrance of the shaft shall be suitably protected 
against the entrance of dust, moisture, insects, oil or grease. The 
sight glasses, if used, shall be sound, clear, and in good repair. Vats 
which have hinged covers shall be easily cleaned and shall be so 
designed that moisture, or dust on the surface cannot enter the vat when 
the covers are raised. If the storage tanks or vats are equipped with 
air agitation, the system shall be of an approved type and properly 
installed in accordance with the 3-A Accepted Practices for Supplying 
Air Under Pressure. Storage tanks or vats intended to hold product for 
longer than approximately 8 hours shall be equipped with adequate 
refrigeration and/or have adequate insulation. New or replacement 
storage tanks or vats shall comply with the appropriate 3-A Sanitary 
Standards for Storage Tanks for Milk and Milk Products or Sanitary 
Standards for Silo-Type Storage Tanks for Milk and Milk Products and 
shall be equipped with thermometers in good operating order.
    (e) Separators. All product contact surfaces of separators shall be 
free from rust and pits and insofar as practicable shall be of stainless 
steel or other equally noncorrosive metals.
    (f) Coil or dome type batch pasteurizers. Coil or dome type batch 
pasteurizers shall be stainless steel lined and if the coil is not 
stainless steel or other equally noncorrosive metal it shall be properly 
tinned over the entire surface. Sanitary seal assemblies at the shaft 
ends of coil vats shall be of the removable type, except that existing 
equipment not provided with this type gland will be acceptable if the 
packing glands are maintained and operated without adverse effects. New 
or replacement units shall be provided with removable packing glands. 
Dome type pasteurizer agitators shall be stainless steel except that any 
non-metallic parts shall comply with 3-A Sanitary Standards for Plastic 
or Rubber and Rubberlike Materials, as applicable. Each pasteurizer used 
for heating product at a temperature of 5  deg.F. or more above the 
minimum pasteurization temperature need not have the airspace heater. It 
shall be equipped with an airspace thermometer to insure a temperature 
at least 5  deg.F. above that required for pasteurization of the 
product. There shall be adequate means of controlling the temperature of 
the heating medium, Batch pasteurizers shall have temperature indicating 
and recording devices.
    (g) Short time pasteurizing systems. When pasteurization is intended 
or required, an approved timing pump or device, recorder-controller, 
automatic

[[Page 115]]

flow diversion valve and holding tube or its equivalent, if not a part 
of the existing equipment, shall be installed on all such equipment used 
for pasteurization, to assure complete pasteurization. The entire 
facility shall comply with the 3-A Accepted Practices for the Sanitary 
Construction, Installation, Testing and Operation of High Temperature 
Short Time Pasteurizers. After the unit has been tested according to the 
3-A Accepted Practices, the timing pump or device and the recorder 
controller shall be sealed at the correct setting to assure 
pasteurization. The system should be rechecked semi-annually to assure 
continued compliance with the 3-A Accepted Practices. Sealing and 
rechecking of the unit shall be performed by the control authority 
having jurisdiction. When direct steam pasteurizers are used, the steam, 
prior to entering the product, shall be conducted through a steam 
strainer and a steam purifier equipped with a steam trap and only steam 
meeting the requirements for culinary steam shall be used.
    (h) Thermometers and recorders--(1) Indicating thermometers. (i) 
Long stem indicating thermometers which are accurate within 0.5  deg.F., 
plus or minus, for the applicable temperature range, shall be provided 
for checking the temperature of pasteurization and cooling of products 
in vats and checking the accuracy of recording thermometers.
    (ii) Short stem indicating thermometers, which are accurate within 
0.5  deg.F., plus or minus, for the applicable temperature range, shall 
be installed in the proper stationary position in all pasteurizers. 
Storage tanks where temperature readings are required shall have 
thermometers which are accurate within 2.0  deg.F., plus or minus.
    (iii) Air space indicating thermometers, where applicable, which are 
accurate within 1.0  deg.F., plus or minus, for the proper temperature 
range shall also be installed above the surface of the products 
pasteurized in vats, to make certain that the temperature of the foam 
and/or air above the products pasteurized also received the required 
minimum temperature treatment.
    (2) Recording thermometers. (i) Recording thermometers that are 
accurate within 1  deg.F., plus or minus, for the applicable temperature 
range, shall be used on each heat treating, pasteurizing or thermal 
processing unit to record the heating process.
    (ii) Additional use of recording thermometers accurate within 2 
deg.F., plus or minus may be required where a record of temperature or 
time of cooling and holding is of significant importance.
    (iii) Recorder charts shall be marked to show date and plant 
identification, reading of the indicating thermometer at a particular 
referenced reading point on the recording chart, amount and name of 
product, product temperature at which the ``cut-in'' and ``cut-out'' 
function, record of the period in which flow diversion valve is in 
forward-flow position, signature or initials of operator.
    (i) Surface coolers. Surface coolers shall be equipped with hinged 
or removable covers for the protection of the product. The edges of the 
fins shall be so designed as to divert condensate on nonproduct contact 
surfaces away from product contact surfaces. All gaskets or swivel 
connections shall be leak proof.
    (j) Plate type heat exchangers. Plate type heat exchanger shall 
comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards Plate Type Heat Exchangers for 
Milk and Milk Products. All gaskets shall be tight and kept in good 
operating order. Plates shall be opened for inspection by the operator 
at sufficiently frequent intervals to determine if the equipment is 
clean and in satisfactory condition. A cleaning regimen should be posted 
to insure proper cleaning procedures between inspection periods.
    (k) Internal return tubular heat exchangers. Internal return tubular 
heat exchangers shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for 
Internal Return Tubular Heat Exchangers for Use with Milk and Milk 
Products.
    (l) Pumps. Pumps used for milk, and dairy products shall be of the 
sanitary type and constructed to comply with 3-A Sanitary Standards for 
Pumps for Milk and Milk Products. Unless pumps are specifically designed 
for effective cleaning-in-place they shall be disassembled and 
thoroughly cleaned after use.

[[Page 116]]

    (m) Scales. All scales shall comply with National Bureau of 
Standards Handbook 44. (Latest revision).
    (1) Small capacity scales shall be capable of the following 
accuracy, and shall be graduated in no higher than one ounce 
graduations. (This table taken from the presently effective 1973 
revision.)


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Minimum tolerance 
                                                   ---------------------
                                                      Ounces     Pounds 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load in pounds:                                                         
  0 to 4 inclusive................................     \1/32\      0.002
  5 to 10 inclusive...............................     \1/16\       .004
  11 to 20 inclusive..............................      \1/8\       .008
  21 to 30 inclusive..............................     \3/16\       .012
  31 to 50 inclusive..............................      \1/2\       .031
  51 to 500 inclusive.............................      \3/4\       .047
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Large capacity scales shall be capable of the following 
accuracy, and shall be graduated in no higher than \1/4\ pound 
graduations for scales of capacity of up to 250 pounds; \1/2\ pound 
graduations for scales above 250 pounds capacity.

(This table taken from the presently effective 1973 revision.)


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                      Minimum tolerance 
                                                   ---------------------
                                                      Ounces     Pounds 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Load in pounds:                                                         
  101 to 150 inclusive............................     1\1/4\      0.078
  151 to 250 inclusive............................        2         .125
  251 to 500 inclusive............................        4         .250
  501 to 1000 inclusive...........................        8         .500
  1001 to 2500 inclusive..........................  .........      1.0  
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compliance shall be determined by the appropriate regulatory authority.
    (n) Homogenizers. Homogenizers and high pressure pumps of the 
plunger type shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for 
Homogenizers and Pumps of the Plunger Type and shall be disassembled and 
thoroughly cleaned after use.
    (o) New equipment and replacements. New equipment and replacements, 
including all plastic parts and rubber and rubberlike materials for 
parts and gaskets having product contact surfaces, shall comply with the 
then current 3-A Sanitary Standards. If 3-A Sanitary Standards are not 
available, such equipment and replacements shall meet the general 
requirements of this section. Only material that is sanitary, readily 
cleanable and non-toxic shall be used for product contact surfaces, 
parts and gaskets.
    (p) Vacuumizing equipment. The vacuum chamber, as used for flavor 
control, shall be made of stainless steel or other equally corrosion 
resistant metal. The unit shall be constructed to facilitate cleaning 
and all product contact surfaces shall be accessible for inspection. 
Vacuum chambers located on the pasteurized side of the unit shall be 
isolated by means of a vacuum breaker and a positive activated check 
valve on the product inlet side and a vacuum breaker and a positive 
activated check valve on the discharge side. If direct steam is used, it 
should also be equipped with a ratio controller to regulate the 
composition when applicable to the finished product. Only steam which 
meets the requirements for culinary steam shall be used. The incoming 
steam supply shall be regulated by an automatic solenoid valve which 
will cut off the steam supply in the event the flow diversion valve of 
the pasteurizer is not in the forward flow position. Condensers when 
used shall be equipped with a water level control and an automatic 
safety shutoff valve.

                    Personnel, Cleanliness and Health



Sec. 58.129   Cleanliness.

    All employees shall wash their hands before beginning work and upon 
returning to work after using toilet facilities, eating, smoking or 
otherwise soiling their hands. They shall keep their hands clean and 
follow good hygienic practices while on duty. Expectorating or use of 
tobacco in any form shall be prohibited in each room and compartment 
where any milk, dairy products, or supplies are prepared, stored or 
otherwise handled. Clean white or light-colored washable or disposable 
outer garments and caps (paper caps, hard hats, or hair nets acceptable) 
shall be worn to adequately protect the hair and beards when grown by 
all persons engaged in receiving, testing, processing milk, 
manufacturing, packaging or handling dairy products.



Sec. 58.130   Health.

    No person afflicted with a communicable disease shall be permitted 
in any room or compartment where milk

[[Page 117]]

and dairy products are prepared, manufactured or otherwise handled. No 
person who has a discharging or infected wound, sore or lesion on hands, 
arms or other exposed portion of the body shall work in any dairy 
processing rooms or in any capacity resulting in contact with milk, or 
dairy products. Each employee whose work brings him in contact with the 
processing or handling of dairy products, containers or equipment should 
have a medical and physical examination by a registered physician or by 
the local department of health at the time of employment. An employee 
returning to work following illness from a communicable disease shall 
have a certificate from the attending physician to establish proof of 
complete recovery.

             Protection and Transport of Raw Milk and Cream



Sec. 58.131   Equipment and facilities.

    (a)(1) Milk cans. Cans used in transporting milk from dairy farm to 
plant shall be of such construction (preferably seamless with umbrella 
lids) as to be easily cleaned, and shall be inspected, repaired, and 
replaced as necessary to exclude substantially the use of cans and lids 
with open seams, cracks, rust, milkstone, or any unsanitary condition. 
Adequate provisions should be made so that milk in cans will be cooled 
immediately after milking to 50  deg.F. or lower unless delivered to the 
plant within two hours after milking.
    (2) Farm bulk tanks. Farm bulk tanks shall comply with 3-A Sanitary 
Farm Cooling and Holding Tanks or 3-A Sanitary Standards for Farm 
Cooling and Holding Tanks or 3-A Sanitary Standards for Farm Milk 
Storage Tanks as applicable. They shall be installed in a milk house in 
accordance with the requirements of the regulatory agency in 
jurisdiction. The bulk cooling tanks shall be designed and equipped with 
refrigeration to permit the cooling of the milk to 40  deg.F. or lower 
within two hours after milking, and maintain it at 45  deg.F. or below 
until picked up.
    (b)(1) Receiving stations. Receiving stations shall comply with the 
applicable sections of this subpart covering premises, buildings, 
facilities, equipment, utensils, personnel, cleanliness and health.
    (2) Transfer stations. Transfer stations shall comply with the 
applicable sections of this subpart covering premises, floors, lighting, 
water supply, hand-washing facilities, disposal of wastes, general 
construction, repair and installation of equipment, piping and utensils 
and personnel--cleanliness and health. As climatic and operating 
conditions require the transfer station shall comply with the applicable 
sections for walls, ceilings, doors and windows.
    (3) Cream stations. Cream stations shall provide adequate protection 
and facilities for the handling, transferring and cooling of farm 
separated cream. The area shall be large enough to avoid undue crowding 
with a normal volume of business and shall be separated from other areas 
and the outside by self closing, tight fitting doors. All openings shall 
be screened during fly season. The floor, walls and ceiling shall be of 
satisfactory construction, in good repair and kept clean. Lighting and 
ventilation shall meet the requirements of Sec. 58.126(d). Cooling 
facilities shall be provided to cool the cream to 50  deg.F. or lower 
unless shipped within 8 hours after receipt. Facilities shall be 
provided to wash, sanitize and store cans and equipment used in the 
operation. The cream should not be more than 4 days old when picked up 
for delivery to the processing plant.
    (c)(1) Transporting milk or cream. Vehicles used for the 
transportation of can milk or cream shall be of the enclosed type, 
constructed and operated to protect the product from extreme 
temperature, dust, or other adverse conditions and they shall be kept 
clean. Decking boards or racks shall be provided where more than one 
tier of cans is carried. Cans or vehicles used for the transportation of 
milk from the farm to the plant shall not be used for transporting skim 
milk, buttermilk, or whey to producers.
    (2) Transport tanks. The exterior shell shall be clean and free from 
open seams or cracks which would permit liquid to enter the jacket. The 
interior shell shall be stainless steel and so constructed that it will 
not buckle, sag or prevent complete drainage. All product

[[Page 118]]

contact surfaces shall be smooth, easily cleaned and maintained in good 
repair. The pump and hose cabinet shall be fully enclosed with tight 
fitting doors and the inlet and outlet shall be provided with dust 
covers to give adequate protection from road dust. Tank manholes should 
be equipped with an adequate filtering system during loading and 
unloading. New and replacement transport tanks shall comply with 3-A 
Sanitary Standards for Stainless Steel Automotive Milk and Milk Products 
Transportation Tanks for Bulk Delivery and/or Farm Pick-up Service.
    (3) Facilities for cleaning and sanitizing. Enclosed or covered 
facilities (as climatic conditions require) shall be available for 
washing and sanitizing of transport tanks, piping, and accessories, at 
central locations or at all plants that receive or ship milk or milk 
products in transport tanks.
    (d) Transfer of milk to transport tank. Milk shall be transferred 
under sanitary conditions from farm bulk tanks through stainless steel 
piping or approved tubing. The sanitary piping and tubing shall be 
capped when not in use.

                   Quality Specifications for Raw Milk



Sec. 58.132  Basis for classification.

    The quality classification of raw milk for manufacturing purposes 
from each producer shall be based on an organoleptic examination for 
appearance and odor, a drug residue test, and quality control tests for 
sediment content, bacterial estimate and somatic cell count. All milk 
received from producers shall not exceed the Food and Drug 
Administration's established limits for pesticide, herbicide and drug 
residues. Producers shall be promptly notified of any shipment or 
portion thereof of their milk that fails to meet any of these quality 
specifications.

[58 FR 26912, May 6, 1993]'



Sec. 58.133  Methods for quality and wholesomeness determination.

    (a) Appearance and odor. The appearance of acceptable raw milk shall 
be normal and free of excessive coarse sediment when examined visually 
or by an acceptable test procedure. The milk shall not show any abnormal 
condition (including, but not limited to, curdled, ropy, bloody or 
mastitic condition), as indicated by sight or other test procedures. The 
odor shall be fresh and sweet. The milk shall be free from objectionable 
feed and other off-odors that adversely affect the finished product.
    (b) Somatic cell count. (1) A laboratory examination to determine 
the level of somatic cells shall be made at least four times in each 6-
month period at irregular intervals on milk received from each patron.
    (2) A confirmatory test for somatic cells shall be done when a herd 
sample exceeds either of the following screening test results:
    (i) California Mastitis Test--Weak Positive (CMT 1).
    (ii) Wisconsin Mastitis Test--WMT value of 18 mm.
    (3) The confirmatory test for somatic cells shall be performed by 
using one of the following procedures:
    (i) Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (Single Strip Procedure). 
Pyronin Y-methyl green stain shall be used for goat milk.
    (ii) Electronic Somatic Cell Count.
    (iii) Optical Somatic Cell Count.
    (4) The results of the confirmatory test for somatic cells shall be 
the official result.
    (5) Whenever the confirmatory somatic cell count indicates the 
presence of more than 1,000,000 somatic cells per ml., the following 
procedures shall be applied:
    (i) The producer shall be notified with a warning of the excessive 
somatic cell count.
    (ii) Whenever two of the last four consecutive somatic cell counts 
exceed 1,000,000 per ml., the appropriate state regulatory authority 
shall be notified and a written notice given to the producer. This 
notice shall be in effect as long as two of the last four consecutive 
samples exceed 1,000,000 per ml.
    (6) An additional sample shall be taken after a lapse of 3 days but 
within 21 days of the notice required in paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this 
section. If this sample also exceeds 1,000,000 per ml., subsequent 
milkings shall not be accepted for market until satisfactory compliance 
is obtained. Shipment may

[[Page 119]]

be resumed and a temporary status assigned to the producer by the 
appropriate State regulatory agency when an additional sample of herd 
milk is tested and found satisfactory. The producer may be assigned a 
full reinstatement status when three out of four consecutive somatic 
cell count tests do not exceed 1,000,000 per ml. The samples shall be 
taken at a rate of not more than two per week on separate days within a 
3-week period.
    (c) Drug residue level. (1) USDA-approved plants shall not accept 
for processing any milk testing positive for drug residue. All milk 
received at USDA-approved plants shall be sampled and tested, prior to 
processing, for beta lactam drug residue. When directed by the 
regulatory agency, additional testing for other drug residues shall be 
performed. Samples shall be analyzed for beta lactams and other drug 
residues by methods evaluated by the Association of Official Analytical 
Chemists (AOAC) and accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 
as effective in determining compliance with ``safe levels'' or 
established tolerances. ``Safe levels'' and tolerances for particular 
drugs are established by the FDA. Other test methods evaluated by the 
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or by other 
institutions using equivalent evaluation procedures, and determined to 
demonstrate accurate compliance results, may be employed on a temporary 
basis until they are evaluated by the AOAC and accepted or rejected by 
the FDA.
    (2) Individual producer milk samples for beta lactam drug residue 
testing shall be obtained from each milk shipment as follows:
    (i) Milk in farm bulk tanks. A sample shall be taken at each farm 
and shall include milk from each farm bulk tank.
    (ii) Milk in cans. A sample shall be formed separately at the 
receiving plant for each can milk producer included in a delivery, and 
shall be representative of all milk received from the producer.
    (3) Load milk samples for beta lactam drug residue testing shall be 
obtained from each milk shipment as follows:
    (i) Milk in bulk milk pickup tankers. A sample shall be taken from 
the bulk milk pickup tanker after its arrival at the plant and prior to 
further commingling.
    (ii) Milk in cans. A sample representing all of the milk received on 
a shipment shall be formed at the plant, using a sampling procedure that 
includes milk from every can on the vehicle.
    (4) Follow-up to positive-testing samples. (i) When a load sample 
tests positive for drug residue, the appropriate State regulatory agency 
shall be notified immediately of the positive test result and of the 
intended disposition of the shipment of milk containing the drug 
residue.
    (ii) Each individual producer sample represented in the positive-
testing load sample shall be singly tested to determine the producer of 
the milk sample testing positive for drug residue. Identification of the 
producer responsible for producing the milk testing positive for drug 
residue, and details of the final disposition of the shipment of milk 
containing the drug residue, shall be reported immediately to the 
appropriate agency.
    (iii) Milk shipment from the producer identified as the source of 
milk testing positive for drug residue shall cease immediately and may 
resume only after a sample from a subsequent milking does not test 
positive for drug residue.

[50 FR 34672, Aug. 27, 1985, as amended at 58 FR 26912, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.134   Sediment content.

    (a) Method of testing. Methods for determining the sediment content 
of the milk of individual producers shall be those described in the 
latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy 
Products. Sediment content shall be based on comparison with applicable 
charts of the United States Sediment Standards for Milk and Milk 
Products, subpart T, Sec. 58.2728 through 58.2732, of this part.
    (b) Sediment content classification. Milk shall be classified for 
sediment content, regardless of the results of the appearance and odor 
examination required in Sec. 58.133(a), as follows:

[[Page 120]]

                         USDA Sediment Standard

    No. 1 (acceptable)--not to exceed 0.50 mg. or equivalent.
    No. 2 (acceptable)--not to exceed 1.50 mg. or equivalent.
    No. 3 (probational, not over 10 days)--not to exceed 2.50 mg. or 
equivalent.
    No. 4 (reject)--over 2.50 mg. or equivalent.

    (c) Frequency of tests. At least once each month, at irregular 
intervals, the milk from each producer shall be tested as follows:
    (1) Milk in cans. One or more cans of milk selected at random from 
each producer.
    (2) Milk in farm bulk tanks. A sample shall be taken from each farm 
bulk tank.
    (d) Acceptance or rejection of milk. If the sediment disc is 
classified as No. 1, No. 2, or No. 3 the producer's milk may be 
accepted. If the sediment disc is classified No. 4 the milk shall be 
rejected: Provided that, If the shipment of milk is commingled with 
other milk in a transport tank the next shipment shall not be accepted 
until its quality has been determined before being picked up; however, 
if the person making the test is unable to get to the farm before the 
next shipment it may be accepted but no further shipments shall be 
accepted unless the milk meets the requirements of No. 3 or better. In 
the case of milk classified as No. 3 or No. 4, if in cans, all cans 
shall be tested. Producers of No. 3 or No. 4 milk (cans or bulk) shall 
be notified immediately and shall be furnished applicable sediment discs 
and the next shipment shall be tested.
    (e) Retests. On test of the next shipment (if in cans, all cans 
shall be tested) milk classified as No. 1, No. 2, or No. 3 may be 
accepted, but No. 4 milk shall be rejected. Retests of bulk milk 
classified as No. 4 shall be made before pickup. The producers of No. 3 
or No. 4 milk shall be notified immediately, furnished applicable 
sediment discs and the next shipment tested.

This procedure of retesting successive shipments and accepting 
probational (No. 3) milk and rejecting No. 4 milk may be continued for 
not more than 10 calendar days. If at the end of this time all of the 
producer's milk does not meet the acceptable sediment content 
classification (No. 1 or No. 2), it shall be rejected.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975, Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 50 FR 34673, Aug. 27, 
1985]



Sec. 58.135   Bacterial estimate.

    (a) Method of testing. Methods for determining the bacterial 
estimate of the milk of individual producers shall be those described in 
the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy 
Products.
    (b) Bacterial estimate classification. Milk shall be classified for 
bacterial estimate by one of the following methods:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Direct Microscopic count, 
     Bacterial estimate classification         standard plate count or  
                                                  plate loop count      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
No. 1.....................................  Not over 500,000 per ml.    
No. 2.....................................  Not over 1,000,000 per ml.  
Undergrade................................  Over 1,000,000 per ml.      
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Frequency of tests. At least once each month, at irregular 
intervals, a mixed sample of each producer's milk shall be tested.
    (d) Acceptance of milk. If the sample of milk is classified as No. 1 
or No. 2 the producer's milk may be accepted without qualification. If 
the sample is classified as ``Undergrade'' (probational) the producer's 
milk may be accepted for a temporary period of 4 weeks. The producer of 
``Undergrade'' milk shall be notified immediately.
    (e) Retests. Additional samples shall be tested and classified at 
least weekly and the producer notified immediately of the results. This 
procedure of testing at least weekly and accepting ``Undergrade'' milk 
may be continued for a time period not exceeding four weeks. If at the 
end of this time the producer's milk does not meet the acceptable 
bacterial estimate requirements (No. 1 or No. 2), it shall not be 
accepted.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 50 FR 34673, Aug. 27, 
1985]



Sec. 58.136  Rejected milk.

    A plant shall reject specific milk from a producer if the milk fails 
to meet the requirements for appearance

[[Page 121]]

and odor (Sec. 58.133(a)), if it is classified No. 4 for sediment 
content (Sec. 58.134), or if it tests positive for drug residue 
(Sec. 58.133(c)).

[58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.137  Excluded milk.

    A plant shall not accept milk from a producer if:
    (a) The milk has been in a probational (No. 3) sediment content 
classification for more than 10 calendar days (Sec. 58.134);
    (b) The milk has been classified ``Undergrade'' for bacterial 
estimate for more than 4 successive weeks (Sec. 58.135);
    (c) Three of the last five milk samples have exceeded the maximum 
somatic cell count level of 1,000,000 per ml. (Sec. 58.133(b)(6)); or
    (d) The producer's milk shipments to either the Grade A or the 
manufacturing grade milk market currently are not permitted due to a 
positive drug residue test (Sec. 58.133(c)(4)).

[58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.138  Quality testing of milk from new producers.

    A quality examination and tests shall be made on the first shipment 
of milk from a producer shipping milk to a plant for the first time or 
resuming shipment to a plant after a period of non-shipment. The milk 
shall meet the requirements for acceptable milk, somatic cell count and 
drug residue level (Secs. 58.133, 58.134 and 58.135). The buyer shall 
also confirm that the producer's milk is currently not excluded from the 
market (Sec. 58.137). Thereafter, the milk shall be tested in accordance 
with the provisions in Secs. 58.133, 58.134 and 58.135.

[58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.139  Record of tests.

    Accurate records listing the results of quality and drug residue 
tests for each producer shall be kept on file at the plant. 
Additionally, the plant shall obtain the quality and drug residue test 
records (Sec. 58.148(a), (e) and (g)) for any producer transferring milk 
shipment from another plant. These records shall be available for 
examination by the inspector.

[58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.140  Field service.

    A representative of the plant shall arrange to promptly visit the 
farm of each producer whose milk tests positive for drug residue, 
exceeds the maximum somatic cell count level, or does not meet the 
requirements for acceptable milk. The purpose of the visit shall be to 
inspect the milking equipment and facilities and to offer assistance to 
improve the quality of the producer's milk and eliminate any potential 
causes of drug residues. A representative of the plant should routinely 
visit each producer as often as necessary to assist and encourage the 
production of high quality milk.

[58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.141   Alternate quality control program.

    When a plant has in operation an acceptable quality program, at the 
producer level, which is approved by the Administrator as being 
effective in obtaining results comparable to or higher than the quality 
program as outlined above for milk or cream, then such a program may be 
accepted in lieu of the program herein prescribed.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.142   Product quality and stability.

    The receiving, holding and processing of milk and cream and the 
manufacturing, handling, packaging, storing and delivery of dairy 
products shall be in accordance with clean and sanitary methods, 
consistent with good commercial practices to promote the production of 
the highest quality of finished product and improve product stability. 
Milk should not be more than three days old when picked up from the 
producer and delivered to the plant, receiving station or transfer 
station.



Sec. 58.143   Raw product storage.

    (a) All milk shall be held and processed under conditions and at 
temperatures that will avoid contamination and rapid deterioration. Drip 
milk

[[Page 122]]

from can washers and any other source shall not be used for the 
manufacture of dairy products. Bulk milk in storage tanks within the 
dairy plant shall be handled in such a manner as to minimize bacterial 
increase and shall be maintained at 45  deg.F. or lower until processing 
begins. This does not preclude holding milk at higher temperatures for a 
period of time, where applicable to particular manufacturing or 
processing practices.
    (b) The bacteriological quality of commingled milk in storage tanks 
shall not exceed 3,000,000/ml.



Sec. 58.144   Pasteurization or ultra-pasteurization.

    When pasteurization or ultra-pasteurization is intended or required, 
or when a product is designated ``pasteurized'' or ``ultra-pasteurized'' 
every particle of the product shall be subjected to such temperatures 
and holding periods in approved systems as will assure proper 
pasteurization or ultra-pasteurization of the product. The heat 
treatment by either process shall be sufficient to insure public health 
safety and to assure adequate keeping quality, yet retaining the most 
desirable flavor and body characteristics of the finished product.



Sec. 58.145   Composition and wholesomeness.

    All necessary precautions shall be taken to prevent contamination or 
adulteration of the milk or dairy products during manufacturing. All 
substances and ingredients used in the processing or manufacturing of 
any dairy product shall be subject to inspection and shall be wholesome 
and practically free from impurities. The finished products shall comply 
with the requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as to 
their composition and wholesomeness.



Sec. 58.146   Cleaning and sanitizing treatment.

    (a) Equipment and utensils. The equipment, sanitary piping and 
utensils used in receiving and processing of the milk, and manufacturing 
and handling of the product shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. 
Sanitary seal assemblies shall be removable on all agitators, pumps, and 
vats and shall be inspected at regular intervals and kept clean. Unless 
other provisions are recommended in the following supplement sections, 
all equipment not designed for C.I.P. cleaning or mechanical cleaning 
shall be disassembled after each day's use for thorough cleaning. Dairy 
cleaners, detergents, wetting agents or sanitizing agents, or other 
similar materials which will not contaminate or adversely affect the 
products may be used. Steel wool or metal sponges shall not be used in 
the cleaning of any dairy equipment or utensils.
    (1) Product contact surfaces shall be subjected to an effective 
sanitizing treatment prior to use, except where dry cleaning is 
permitted. Utensils and portable equipment used in processing and 
manufacturing operations shall be stored above the floor in clean, dry 
locations and in a self draining position on racks constructed of 
impervious corrosion-resistant material.
    (2) C.I.P. cleaning or mechanical cleaning systems shall be used 
only on equipment and pipeline systems which have been designed, 
engineered and installed for that purpose. When such cleaning is used, 
careful attention shall be given to the proper procedures to assure 
satisfactory cleaning. All C.I.P. installations and cleaning procedures 
shall be in accordance with 3-A Suggested Method for the Installation 
and Cleaning of Cleaned-In-Place Sanitary Milk Pipelines for Milk and 
Milk Products Plants. Because of the possibilities of corrosion, the 
recommendations of the cleaning compound manufacturer should be followed 
with respect to time, temperature and concentration of specific acid or 
alkaline solutions and bactericides. Such cleaning operation should be 
preceded by a thorough rinse at approximately 110-115  deg.F. 
continuously discarding the water. Following the circulation of the 
cleaning solution the equipment and lines shall be thoroughly rinsed 
with lukewarm water and checks should be made for effectiveness of 
cleaning. All caps, plugs, special fittings, valve seats, cross ends, 
pumps, and tee ends shall be opened or removed and brushed clean. All 
non-pasteurized product contact surfaces should be sanitized. 
Immediately prior to starting the product

[[Page 123]]

flow, the pasteurized product contact surfaces shall be given sanitizing 
treatment.
    (b) Milk cans and can washers. Milk cans and lids shall be cleaned, 
sanitized and dried before returning to producers. Inspection, repair or 
replacement of cans and lids shall be adequate to substantially exclude 
from use cans and lids showing open seams, cracks, rust condition, 
milkstone or any unsanitary condition.

Washers shall be maintained in a clean and satisfactory operating 
condition and kept free from accumulation of scale or debris which will 
adversely affect the efficiency of the washer. Only washing compounds 
which are compatible with the water for effective cleaning, should be 
used. The can washer should be checked regularly during the run for 
proper operation. At the end of the day, the wash and rinse tanks should 
be drained and cleaned, jets and strainers cleaned, air filters checked 
and changed or cleaned if needed, and checks should be made for proper 
adjustment and condition of mechanical parts.
    (c) Milk transport tanks. A covered or enclosed wash dock and 
cleaning and sanitizing facilities shall be available to all plants that 
receive or ship milk in tanks. Milk transport tanks, sanitary piping, 
fittings, and pumps shall be cleaned and sanitized at least once each 
day after use: Provided that, if they are not to be used immediately 
after emptying a load of milk, they shall be washed promptly after use 
and given bactericidal treatment immediately before use. After being 
washed and sanitized, each tank should be identified by a tag attached 
to the outlet valve, bearing the following information: Plant and 
specific location where cleaned, date and time of day of washing and 
sanitizing, and name of person who washed and name of person who 
sanitized the tank. The tag shall not be removed until the tank is again 
washed and sanitized.
    (d) Building. All windows, glass, partitions, and skylights should 
be washed as often as necessary to keep them clean. Cracked or broken 
glass shall be replaced promptly. The walls, ceilings and doors should 
be washed periodically and kept free from soil and unsightly conditions. 
The shelves and ledges should be wiped or vacuumed as often as necessary 
to keep them free from dust and debris. The material picked up by the 
vacuum cleaners shall be disposed of in sealed containers which will 
prevent contamination or insect infestation from the waste material.



Sec. 58.147   Insect and rodent control program.

    In addition to any commercial pest control service, if one is 
utilized, a specially designated employee should be made responsible for 
the performance of a regularly scheduled insect and rodent control 
program. Poisonous substances shall be properly labeled, and shall be 
handled, stored and used in such a manner as considered satisfactory by 
the Environmental Protection Agency.



Sec. 58.148   Plant records.

    Adequate plant records shall be maintained of all required tests and 
analyses performed in the laboratory or throughout the plant during 
storage, processing and manufacturing, on all raw milk receipts and 
dairy products. Such records shall be available for examination at all 
reasonable times by the inspector. The following are the records which 
shall be maintained for examination at the plant or receiving station 
where performed.
    (a) Sediment and bacterial test results on raw milk from each 
producer. Retain for 12 months.
    (1) Routine tests and monthly summary of all producers showing 
number and percent of total in each class.
    (2) Retests, if initial test places milk in probationary status.
    (3) Rejections of raw milk over No. 3 in quality.
    (b) Pasteurization recorder charts. Retain for 3 months.
    (c) Water supply test certificate. Retain current copy for 6 months.
    (d) Cooling and heating recorder charts. Retain for 3 months.
    (e) Load and individual drug residue test results. Retain for 12 
months.
    (f) Notifications to appropriate State regulatory agencies of 
positive drug residue tests and intended and final

[[Page 124]]

dispositions of milk testing positive for drug residue. Retain for 12 
months.
    (g) Somatic cell count test results on raw milk from each producer. 
Retain for 12 months.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB control 
number 0583-0047)\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Editorial Note: See table appearing in Sec. 58.100 for correct 
OMB control number.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982; 58 FR 26913, May 6, 1993]



Sec. 58.149   Alternate quality control programs for dairy products.

    (a) When a plant has in operation an acceptable quality control 
program which is approved by the Administrator as being effective in 
obtaining results comparable to or higher than the quality control 
program as outlined in this subpart, then such a program may be accepted 
in lieu of the program herein prescribed.
    (b) Where a minimum number of samples per batch of product, or per 
unit of time on continuous production runs are not specified, the phrase 
``as many samples shall be taken as is necessary to assure compliance to 
specific quality requirements'' is used. Acceptable performance of this 
would be any method approved by the Administrator as meeting sound 
statistical methods of selecting samples and determining the number of 
samples to be taken.

                  Packaging and General Identification



Sec. 58.150   Containers.

    (a) The size, style, and type of packaging used for dairy products 
shall be commercially acceptable containers and packaging materials 
which will satisfactorily cover and protect the quality of the contents 
during storage and regular channels of trade and under normal conditions 
of handling.
    (b) Packaging materials for dairy products shall be selected which 
will provide sufficiently low permeability to air and vapor to prevent 
the formation of mold growth and surface oxidation. In addition, the 
wrapper should be resistant to puncturing, tearing, cracking or breaking 
under normal conditions of handling, shipping and storage. When special 
type packaging is used, the instructions of the manufacturer shall be 
followed closely as to its application and methods of closure.



Sec. 58.151  Packaging and repackaging.

    (a) Packaging dairy products or cutting and repackaging all styles 
of dairy products shall be conducted under rigid sanitary conditions. 
The atmosphere of the packaging rooms, the equipment and packaging 
materials shall be practically free from mold and bacterial 
contamination. Methods for checking the level of contamination shall be 
as prescribed by the latest edition of Standard Methods or by other 
satisfactory methods approved by the Administrator.
    (b) When officially graded bulk dairy products are to be repackaged 
into consumer type packages with official grade labels or other official 
identification, a supervisor of packaging shall be required, see subpart 
A of this part. (title 7, Secs. 58.2 and 58.53 of the Code of Federal 
Regulations). If the packaging or repackaging is done in a plant other 
than the one in which the dairy product is manufactured, the plant, 
equipment, facilities and personnel shall meet the same requirements as 
outlined in this subpart.



Sec. 58.152   General identification.

    All commercial bulk packages or consumer packaged product containing 
dairy products manufactured under the provisions of this subpart shall 
comply with the applicable regulation of the Food and Drug 
Administration.

                       Storage of Finished Product



Sec. 58.153   Dry storage.

    The product should be stored at least 18 inches from the wall in 
aisles, rows, or sections and lots, in such a manner as to be orderly 
and easily accessible for inspection. Rooms should be cleaned regularly. 
It is recommended that dunnage or pallets be used when practical. Care 
shall be taken in the storage of any other product foreign to dairy 
products in the same room, in order to prevent impairment or damage

[[Page 125]]

to the dairy product from mold, absorbed odors, or vermin or insect 
infestation. Control of humidity and temperature shall be maintained at 
all times, consistent with good commercial practices, to prevent 
conditions detrimental to the product and container.



Sec. 58.154   Refrigerated storage.

    Finished product in containers subject to such conditions that will 
affect its useability shall be placed on shelves, dunnage or pallets and 
properly identified. It shall be stored under temperatures that will 
best maintain the initial quality. The product shall not be exposed to 
anything from which it might absorb any foreign odors or be contaminated 
by drippage or condensation.

             Inspection, Grading and Official Identification



Sec. 58.155   Grading.

    Dairy products which have been processed or manufactured in 
accordance with the provisions of this subpart may be graded by the 
grader in accordance with the U.S. Standards for Grades. Laboratory 
analyses, when required in determining the final grade shall be 
conducted in an approved laboratory.



Sec. 58.156   Inspection.

    Dairy products, which have been processed or manufactured in an 
approved plant, and for which there are no official U.S. Standards for 
Grades, shall be inspected for quality by the inspector in accordance 
with contract requirements or product specifications established by the 
U.S. Department of Agriculture or other Federal agency or buyer and 
seller. Laboratory analysis when required shall be conducted in an 
approved laboratory.



Sec. 58.157   Inspection or grading certificates.

    All dairy products which have been processed or manufactured, 
packaged and inspected or graded in accordance with the provision of 
this part may be covered by an inspection or grading certificate issued 
by the inspector or grader.



Sec. 58.158   Official identification.

    (a) Application for authority to apply official identification to 
packaging material or containers shall be made in accordance with the 
provisions of subpart A of this part. (title 7, Secs. 58.49 through 
58.57 of the Code of Federal Regulations.)
    (b) Only dairy products received, processed, or manufactured in 
accordance with the specifications contained in this subpart and 
inspected and/or graded in accordance with the provisions of this part 
may be identified with official identification.

                          Explanation of Terms



Sec. 58.159   Terms.

    (a) Fresh and sweet. Free from ``old milk'' flavor of developed 
acidity or other off-flavors.
    (b) Normal feed. Regional feed flavors, such as alfalfa, clover, 
silage, or similar feeds or grasses (weed flavors, such as peppergrass, 
French weed, onion, garlic, or other obnoxious weeds, excluded).
    (c) Off-flavors. Tastes or odors, such as utensil, bitter, barny, or 
other associated defects when present to a degree readily detectable.
    (d) Developed acidity. An apparent increase from the normal acidity 
of the milk to a degree of taste and odor which is detectable.
    (e) Extraneous matter. Foreign substances, such as filth, hair, 
insects and fragments thereof, and rodents, and materials, such as 
metal, fiber, wood and glass.
    (f) Sediment. Fine particles of material other than the foreign 
substances and materials defined in paragraph (e) of this section.
    (g) C.I.P. The abbreviation of an approved system of cleaning 
pipelines called ``Cleaned-in-Place.''
    (h) Mechanical cleaning. Denotes cleaning solely by circulation and/
or flowing chemical detergent solution and water rinses onto and over 
the surfaces to be cleaned, by mechanical means.

[[Page 126]]

 Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and 
Packaging Nonfat Dry Milk, Instant Nonfat Dry Milk, Dry Whole Milk, and 
                             Dry Buttermilk

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.205   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning:
    (a) Nonfat dry milk. The product obtained by the removal of only 
water from pasteurized skim milk. It contains not more than 5 percent by 
weight of moisture and not more than 1\1/2\ percent by weight of milkfat 
and it conforms to the applicable provisions of 21 CFR 131 ``Milk and 
Cream'' as issued by the Food and Drug Administration. Nonfat dry milk 
shall not contain nor be derived from dry buttermilk, dry whey, or 
products other than skim milk, and shall not contain any added 
preservative, neutralizing agent, or other chemical.
    (b) Instant nonfat dry milk. Instant nonfat dry milk is nonfat dry 
milk which has been produced in such a manner as to substantially 
improve its dispersing and reconstitution characteristics over that 
produced by the conventional process. Instant nonfat dry milk shall not 
contain dry buttermilk, dry whey, or products other than nonfat dry 
milk, except that lactose may be added as a processing aid during 
instantizing. The instant nonfat dry milk shall not contain any added 
preservatives, neutralizing agent, or other chemical. If lactose is 
used, the amount of lactose shall be the minimum required to produce the 
desired effect, but in no case shall the amount exceed 2.0 percent of 
the weight of the nonfat dry milk. If instant nonfat dry milk is 
fortified with vitamin A, and the product is reconstituted in accordance 
with the label directions, each quart of the reconstituted product shall 
contain 2000 International Units thereof. If instant nonfat dry milk is 
fortified with vitamin D, and the product is reconstituted in accordance 
with the label directions, each quart of the reconstituted product shall 
contain 400 International Units thereof.
    (c) Dry whole milk. The pasteurized product resulting from the 
removal of water from milk and contains the lactose, milk proteins, milk 
fat, and milk minerals in the same relative proportions as in the fresh 
milk from which made. The milk may be standardized but shall not contain 
buttermilk, or any added preservative, neutralizing agent or other 
chemicals.
    (d) Dry buttermilk. The product resulting from drying liquid 
buttermilk that was derived from the churning of butter and pasteurized 
prior to condensing at a temperature of 161  deg.F for 15 seconds or its 
equivalent in bacterial destruction. Dry buttermilk shall have a protein 
content of not less than 30.0 percent. Dry buttermilk shall not contain 
nor be derived from nonfat dry milk, dry whey, or products other than 
buttermilk, and shall not contain any added preservative, neutralizing 
agent, or other chemical.
    (e) Dry buttermilk product. The product resulting from drying liquid 
buttermilk that was derived from the churning of butter and pasteurized 
prior to condensing at a temperature of 161  deg.F for 15 seconds or its 
equivalent in bacterial destruction. Dry buttermilk product has a 
protein content less than 30.0 percent. Dry buttermilk product shall not 
contain nor be derived from nonfat dry milk, dry whey, or products other 
than buttermilk, and shall not contain any added preservative, 
neutralizing agent, or other chemical.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 56 FR 33855, July 24, 
1991; 61 FR 17548, Apr. 22, 1996; 61 FR 35590, July 8, 1996]

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.210   Dry storage of product.

    Storage rooms for the dry storage of product shall be adequate in 
size, kept clean, orderly, free from rodents, insects, and mold, and 
maintained in good repair. They shall be adequately lighted and 
ventilated. The ceilings, walls, beams and floors should be free

[[Page 127]]

from structural defects and inaccessible false areas which may harbor 
insects.



Sec. 58.211   Packaging room for bulk products.

    A separate room or area shall be provided for filling bulk 
containers, and shall be constructed in accordance with Sec. 58.126. The 
number of control panels and switch boxes in this area should be kept to 
a minimum. Control panels shall be mounted a sufficient distance from 
the walls to facilitate cleaning or satisfactorily sealed to the wall, 
or shall be mounted in the wall and provided with tight fitting 
removable doors to facilitate cleaning. An adequate exhaust system shall 
be provided to minimize the accumulation of product dust within the 
packaging room and where needed, a dust collector shall be provided and 
properly maintained to keep roofs and outside areas free of dry product. 
Only packaging materials that are used within a day's operation may be 
kept in the packaging area. These materials shall be kept on metal racks 
or tables at least six inches off the floor. Unnecessary fixtures, 
equipment, or false areas which may collect dust and harbor insects, 
should not be allowed in the packaging room.



Sec. 58.212   Hopper or dump room.

    A separate room shall be provided for the transfer of bulk dry dairy 
products to the hoppers and conveyors which lead to the fillers. This 
room shall meet the same requirements for construction and facilities as 
the bulk packaging operation. Areas and facilities provided for the 
transfer of dry dairy products from portable bulk bins will be accepted 
if gasketed surfaces or direct connections are used that appreciably 
eliminate the escape of product into the area.



Sec. 58.213   Repackaging room.

    A separate room shall be provided for the filling of small packages 
and shall meet the same requirements for construction and facilities as 
the bulk packaging operation.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.214   General construction, repair and installation.

    All equipment and utensils necessary to the manufacture of dry milk 
products, including pasteurizer, timing-pump or device, flow diversion 
valve and recorder controller, shall meet the same general requirements 
as outlined in Sec. 58.128 of this subpart. In addition, for certain 
other equipment the following requirements shall be met.



Sec. 58.215   Pre-heaters.

    The pre-heaters shall be of stainless steel or other equally 
corrosion resistant material, cleanable, accessible for inspection and 
shall be equipped with suitable automatic temperature controls.



Sec. 58.216   Hotwells.

    The hotwells shall be enclosed or covered and should be equipped 
with indicating thermometers either in the hotwell or in the hot milk 
inlet line to the hotwell. If used for holding high heat products, they 
should also have recorders.



Sec. 58.217   Evaporators and/or vacuum pans.

    Evaporators or vacuum pans or both, with open type condensers shall 
be equipped with an automatic condenser water level control, barometric 
leg, or so constructed so as to prevent water from entering the product. 
New or replacement units shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards 
for Milk and Milk Products Evaporators and Vacuum Pans. When enclosed 
type condensers are used, no special controls are needed to prevent 
water from entering the product. Water collected from the condensing of 
product (cow water) in this equipment may be utilized for prerinsing and 
cleaning solution make-up; provided it is equipped with proper controls 
that will automatically divert water with entrained solids to the waste 
water system. ``Cow water'' shall not be used for acidified or final 
equipment rinse.



Sec. 58.218   Surge tanks.

    If surge tanks are used for hot milk, and temperatures of product 
including

[[Page 128]]

foam being held in the surge tank during processing, is not maintained 
at a minimum of 150  deg.F, then two or more surge tanks shall be 
installed with cross connections to permit flushing and cleaning during 
operation. Covers easily removable for cleaning shall be provided and 
used at all times.



Sec. 58.219   High pressure pumps and lines.

    High pressure lines may be cleaned-in-place and shall be of such 
construction that dead ends, valves and the high pressure pumps can be 
disassembled for hand cleaning. The high pressure pump shall comply with 
the 3-A Sanitary Standard for Homogenizers and Pumps of the Plunger 
Type.



Sec. 58.220   Drying systems.

    (a) Spray dryers. Spray dryers shall be of a continuous discharge 
type and all product contact surfaces shall be of stainless steel or 
other equally corrosion resistant material. All joints and seams in the 
product contact surfaces shall be welded and ground smooth. All dryers 
shall be constructed so as to facilitate ease in cleaning and 
inspection. Sight glasses or ports of sufficient size shall be located 
at strategic positions. Dryers shall be equipped with suitable air 
intake filters. The filter system shall comply with the applicable 
requirements of the 3-A Accepted Practices for Milk and Milk Products 
Spray Drying Systems. The filtering system shall be cleaned or component 
parts replaced as often as necessary to maintain a clean and adequate 
air supply. In gas fired dryers, precautions should be taken to assure 
complete combustion. Air shall be drawn into the dryer from sources free 
from objectionable odors and smoke, dust or dirt. New systems, 
replacement systems, or portions of systems replaced shall comply with 
the requirements of the 3-A Accepted Practices for Milk and Milk 
Products Spray Drying Systems.
    (b) Roller dryers. (1) The drums of a roller dryer shall be smooth, 
readily cleanable and free of pits and rust. The knives shall be 
maintained in such condition so as not to cause scoring of the drums.
    (2) The end boards shall have an impervious surface and be readily 
cleanable. They shall be provided with a means of adjustment to prevent 
leakage and accumulation of milk solids. The stack, hood, the drip pan 
inside of the hood and related shields shall be constructed of stainless 
steel and be readily cleanable. The lower edge of the hood shall be 
constructed so as to prevent condensate from entering the product zone. 
The hood shall be properly located and the stack of adequate capacity to 
remove the vapors. The stack shall be closed when the dryer is not in 
operation. The augers shall be stainless steel or properly plated, and 
readily cleanable. The auger troughs and related shields shall be of 
stainless steel and be readily cleanable. All air entering the dryer 
room shall be filtered to eliminate dust and dirt. The filter system 
shall consist of filtering media or device that will effectively, and in 
accordance with good commercial practices, prevent the entrance of 
foreign substances into the drying room. The filtering system shall be 
cleaned or component parts replaced as often as necessary to maintain a 
clean and adequate air supply. All dryer adjustments shall be made and 
the dryer operating normally before food grade product is collected from 
the dryer.
    (c) Other drying systems. These systems shall be constructed 
following the applicable principles of the 3-A Accepted Practices for 
Milk and Milk Products Spray Drying Systems.



Sec. 58.221   Collectors and conveyors.

    Collectors shall be made of stainless steel or equally noncorrosive 
material and should be constructed to facilitate cleaning and 
inspection. Filter sack collectors, if used, shall be in good condition 
and the system shall be of such construction that all parts are 
accessible for cleaning and inspection. Conveyors shall be of stainless 
steel or equally corrosion resistant material and should be constructed 
to facilitate thorough cleaning and inspection.



Sec. 58.222   Dry dairy product cooling equipment.

    Cooling equipment shall be provided with sufficient capacity to cool 
the product as specified in Sec. 58.240. A suitable dry air supply with 
an effective

[[Page 129]]

filtering system meeting the requirements of Sec. 58.220(a) shall be 
provided where air cooling and conveying is used.



Sec. 58.223   Special treatment equipment.

    Any special equipment (instantizers, hammer mills, etc.) used to 
treat dry milk products shall be of sanitary construction and all parts 
shall be accessible for cleaning and inspection. New or replacement 
instantizing systems shall comply with the 3-A Accepted Practices for 
Instantizing Systems for Dry Milk and Dry Milk Products.



Sec. 58.224   Sifters.

    All newly installed sifters used for dry milk and dry milk products 
shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Sifters for Dry Milk 
and Dry Milk Products. All other sifters shall be constructed of 
stainless steel or other equally noncorrosive material and shall be of 
sanitary construction and accessible for cleaning and inspection. The 
mesh size of sifter screen used for various dry dairy products shall be 
those recommended in the appendix of the 3-A Standard for sifters.



Sec. 58.225   Clothing and shoe covers.

    Clean clothing and shoe covers shall be provided exclusively for the 
purpose of cleaning the interior of the dryer when it is necessary to 
enter the dryer to perform the cleaning operation.



Sec. 58.226   Portable and stationary bulk bins.

    Bulk bins shall be constructed of stainless steel, aluminum or other 
equally corrosion resistant materials, free from cracks, seams and must 
have an interior surface that is relatively smooth and easily cleanable. 
All product contact surfaces shall be easily accessible for cleaning. 
The capacity of each portable and bulk bin shall be limited to permit 
proper operating procedures such as sampling and daily removal of all 
product to preclude commingling of different days production.



Sec. 58.227   Sampling device.

    If automatic sampling devices are used, they shall be constructed in 
such a manner as to prevent contamination of the product, and all parts 
must be readily accessible for cleaning. The type of sampler and the 
sampling procedure shall be as approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 58.228   Dump hoppers, screens, mixers and conveyors.

    The product contact surfaces of dump hoppers, screens, mixers and 
conveyors which are used in the process of transferring dry products 
from bulk containers to fillers for small packages or containers, shall 
be of stainless or equally corrosion resistant material and designed to 
prevent contamination. All parts should be accessible for cleaning. The 
dump hoppers shall be of such height above floor level as to prevent 
foreign material or spilled product from entering the hopper.



Sec. 58.229   Filler and packaging equipment.

    All filling and packaging equipment shall be of sanitary 
construction and all parts, including valves and filler heads accessible 
for cleaning. New or replacement equipment should comply with the 3-A 
Sanitary Standards for equipment for Packaging Dry Milk and Dry Milk 
Products.



Sec. 58.230   Heavy duty vacuum cleaners.

    Each plant handling dry milk products shall be equipped with a heavy 
duty industrial vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner shall be of a type 
that has a collector or disposable bag which will not recontaminate the 
atmosphere of the processing and packaging areas. Regular scheduling 
shall be established for its use in vacuuming applicable areas.

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials



Sec. 58.231   General.

    All raw materials received at the drying plant shall meet the 
following quality specifications.



Sec. 58.232   Milk.

    Raw milk shall meet the requirements as outlined in Secs. 58.132 
through 58.138 and, unless processed within two hours after being 
received, it shall be cooled to and held at a temperature of 45  deg.F. 
or lower until processed.

[[Page 130]]



Sec. 58.233   Skim milk.

    The skim milk shall be separated from whole milk meeting the 
requirements as outlined in Secs. 58.132 through 58.138, and unless 
processed immediately, it shall be cooled to and maintained at a 
temperature of 45  deg.F. or lower from the time of separating until the 
time of processing.



Sec. 58.234  Buttermilk.

    Buttermilk for drying as dry buttermilk or dry buttermilk product 
shall be fresh and derived from the churning of butter, with or without 
the addition of harmless lactic culture. No preservative, neutralizing 
agent or other chemical may be added. Fluid buttermilk, unless cultured, 
shall be held at 45  deg.F or lower unless processed within 2 hours.

[56 FR 33855, July 24, 1991]



Sec. 58.235   Modified dry milk products.

    Dry milk products to which approved neutralizing agents or chemicals 
have been added or constituents removed to alter their original 
characteristics for processing or usage shall come from products meeting 
the requirements of Secs. 58.232, 58.233, or 58.234. These products 
shall meet the applicable labeling requirements.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.236   Pasteurization and heat treatment.

    All milk and buttermilk used in the manufacture of dry milk products 
and modified dry milk products shall be pasteurized at the plant where 
dried, except that acidified buttermilk containing 40 percent or more 
solids may be transported to another plant for drying without 
repasteurization. Provided the condensed product is handled according to 
sanitary conditions approved by the Administrator.
    (a) Pasteurization. (1) All milk or skim milk to be used in the 
manufacture of nonfat dry milk shall be pasteurized prior to condensing 
at a minimum temperature of 161  deg.F. for at least 15 seconds or its 
equivalent in bacterial destruction. Condensed milk products made from 
pasteurized milk may be transported to a drying plant, provided that it 
shall be effectively repasteurized at the drying plant, prior to drying, 
at no less than 166  deg.F. for 15 seconds or its equivalent in 
bacterial destruction.
    (2) All buttermilk to be used in the manufacture of dry buttermilk 
or dry buttermilk product shall be pasteurized prior to condensing at a 
temperature of 161  deg.F for 15 seconds or its equivalent in bacterial 
destruction.
    (b) Heat treatment--(1) High-heat. The finished product shall not 
exceed 1.5 mg. undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of nonfat dry 
milk as classified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk 
(Spray Process).
    (2) Medium-heat. The finished product shall show undenatured whey 
protein nitrogen between the levels of ``high-heat'' and ``low-heat'' 
(1.51 to 5.99 mg.).
    (3) Low-heat. The finished product shall show not less than 6.0 
undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of non-fat dry milk as 
classified in the U.S. Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk (Spray 
Process).

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 56 FR 33855, July 24, 
1991]



Sec. 58.237   Condensed surge supply.

    Surge tanks or balance tanks if used between the evaporators and 
dryer shall be used to hold only the minimum amount of condensed product 
necessary for a uniform flow to the dryers. Such tanks holding product 
at temperatures below 150  deg.F. shall be completely emptied and washed 
after each 4 hours of operation or less. Alternate tanks shall be 
provided to permit continuous operation during washing of tanks.



Sec. 58.238   Condensed storage tanks.

    (a) Excess production of condensed product over that which the dryer 
will take continuously from the pans should be bypassed through a cooler 
into a storage tank at 50  deg.F. or lower and held at this temperature 
until used.
    (b) Product cut-off points shall be made at least every 24 hours and 
the

[[Page 131]]

tank completely emptied, washed, and sanitized before reuse.



Sec. 58.239   Drying.

    Each dryer should be operated to produce the highest quality dry 
product consistent with the most efficient operation. The dry products 
shall be removed from the drying chamber continuously during the drying 
process.



Sec. 58.240   Cooling dry products.

    Prior to packaging and immediately following removal from the drying 
chamber the dry product shall be cooled to a temperature not exceeding 
110  deg.F, however, if the product is to be held in a bulk bin the 
temperature should be reduced to approximately 90  deg.F but shall be 
not more than 110  deg.F.



Sec. 58.241   Packaging, repackaging and storage.

    (a) Containers. Packages or containers used for the packaging of 
nonfat dry milk or other dry milk products shall be any clean, sound 
commercially accepted container or packaging material which will 
satisfactorily protect the contents through the regular channels of 
trade, without significant impairment of quality with respect to flavor, 
wholesomeness or moisture content under the normal conditions of 
handling. In no instance will containers which have previously been used 
for nonfood items, or food items which would be deleterious to the dairy 
product be allowed to be used for the bulk handling of dairy products.
    (b) Filling. Empty containers shall be protected at all times from 
possible contamination and containers which are to be lined shall not be 
prepared more than one hour in advance of filling. Every precaution 
shall be taken during the filling operation to minimize product dust and 
spillage. When necessary a mechanical shaker shall be provided; the 
tapping or pounding of containers should be prohibited. The containers 
shall be closed immediately after filling and the exteriors shall be 
vacuumed or brushed when necessary to render them practically free of 
residual product before being transferred from the filling room to the 
palleting or dry storage areas.
    (c) Repackaging. The entire repackaging operation shall be conducted 
in a sanitary manner with all precautions taken to prevent contamination 
and to minimize dust. All exterior surfaces of individual containers 
shall be practically free of product before overwrapping or packing in 
shipping containers. The room shall be kept free of dust accumulation, 
waste, cartons, liners, or other refuse. Conveyors, packaging and carton 
making equipment shall be vacuumed frequently during the operating day 
to prevent the accumulation of dust. No bottles or glass materials of 
any kind shall be permitted in the repackaging or hopper room. The inlet 
openings of all hoppers and bins shall be of minimum size, screened and 
placed well above the floor level. The room and all packaging equipment 
shall be cleaned as often as necessary to maintain a sanitary operation. 
Close attention shall be given to cleaning equipment where residues of 
the dry product may accumulate. A thorough clean-up including windows, 
doors, walls, light fixtures and ledges, should be performed as 
frequently as is necessary to maintain a high standard of cleanliness 
and sanitation. All waste dry dairy products including dribble product 
at the fillers, shall be properly identified and disposed of as animal 
feed.
    (d) Storage--(1) Product. The packaged dry milk product shall be 
stored or so arranged in aisles, rows, or sections and lots at least 18 
inches from any wall and in such a manner as to be orderly, easily 
accessible for inspection or for cleaning of the room. All bags and 
small containers of products shall be placed on pallets elevated from 
the floor. Products in small containers may be stored by methods 
preventing direct contact with the floor when the condition of the 
container is satisfactorily maintained. The storage room shall be kept 
clean and dry and all openings protected against entrance of insects and 
rodents.
    (2) Supplies. All supplies shall be placed on dunnage or pallets and 
arranged in an orderly manner for accessibility and cleaning of the 
room. It is preferable that supplies be stored in an area separate from 
that used for storing the dry products. Supplies shall be

[[Page 132]]

kept enclosed in their original wrapping material until used. After 
removal of supplies from their original containers, they shall be kept 
in an enclosed metal cabinet, bins or on shelving and if not enclosed 
shall be protected from powder, and dust or other contamination. The 
room should be vacuumed as often as necessary and kept clean and 
orderly.



Sec. 58.242   Product adulteration.

    All necessary precautions shall be taken throughout the entire 
operation to prevent the adulteration of one product with another. The 
commingling of one type of liquid or dry product with another shall be 
considered as an adulteration of that product. This does not prohibit 
the normal standardization of like products in accordance with good 
commercial practices or the production of specific products for special 
uses, provided applicable labeling requirements are met.



Sec. 58.243   Checking quality.

    All milk, milk products and dry milk products shall be subject to 
inspection and analysis by the dairy plant for quality and condition 
throughout each processing operation. Periodically samples of product 
and environmental material shall be tested for salmonella. Test results 
shall be negative when samples are tested for salmonella. Line samples 
should be taken periodically as an aid to quality control in addition to 
the regular routine analysis made on the finished products.



Sec. 58.244   Number of samples.

    As many samples shall be taken from each dryer production lot as is 
necessary to assure proper composition and quality control. A sufficient 
number of representative samples from the lot shall be taken to assure 
compliance with the stated net weight on the container.



Sec. 58.245   Method of official sample analysis.

    Samples shall be tested according to the applicable methods of 
laboratory analysis contained in DA Instruction 918-103, 918-109-1 and 
918-109-3 as issued by the USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, Dairy 
Division.



Sec. 58.246   Cleaning of dryers, collectors, conveyors, ducts, sifters and storage bins.

    This equipment shall be cleaned as often as is necessary to maintain 
such equipment in a clean and sanitary condition. The kind of cleaning 
procedure either wet or dry and the frequency of cleaning shall be based 
upon observation of actual operating results and conditions.



Sec. 58.247   Insect and rodent control program.

    In addition to any commercial pest control service, if one is 
utilized, a specially designated employee should be made responsible for 
the performance of a regularly scheduled insect and rodent control 
program as outlined in University of Wisconsin Extension Bulletin A2518 
or subsequent revisions thereof, or one equivalent thereto.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.248   Nonfat dry milk.

    (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial bulk containers bearing an 
official identification shall meet the requirements of U.S. Extra Grade 
or U.S. Standard Grade.
    (b) Regular nonfat dry milk in consumer size packages which bears an 
official identification shall meet the requirements of U.S. Extra Grade. 
In addition, the nonfat dry milk shall be sampled and tested in 
accordance with Secs. 58.244 and 58.245.



Sec. 58.249   Instant nonfat dry milk.

    (a) Only instant nonfat dry milk manufactured and packaged in 
accordance with the requirements of this part and with the applicable 
requirements in subpart A of this part which has been officially 
inspected in process and found to be in compliance with these 
requirements may be identified with the official USDA U.S. Extra Grade, 
processed and packed inspection shield.
    (b) Instant nonfat dry milk shall meet the applicable standard for 
U.S. Extra Grade.

[[Page 133]]



Sec. 58.250   Dry whole milk.

    Dry whole milk in commercial bulk containers which bears an official 
identification shall meet the requirements for the U.S. Standards for 
Grades of Dry Whole Milk. Quality requirements for dry whole milk in 
consumer packages shall be for U.S. Extra Grade and shall be gas packed 
with an oxygen content of not more than 2.0 percent.



Sec. 58.251  Dry buttermilk and dry buttermilk product.

    The quality requirements for dry buttermilk or dry buttermilk 
product bearing an official identification shall be in accordance with 
the U.S. Standards for Grades of Dry Buttermilk and Dry Buttermilk 
Product.

[56 FR 33855, July 24, 1991]

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
                  Packaging Butter and Related Products

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.305   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning.
    (a) Butter. The food product usually known as butter, and which is 
made exclusively from milk or cream, or both, with or without common 
salt, with or without additional coloring matter, and containing not 
less than 80 percent by weight of milkfat, all tolerances having been 
allowed for.
    (b) Butteroil. The food product resulting from the removal of 
practically all of the moisture and solids-not-fat from butter. It 
contains not less than 99.6 percent fat and not more than 0.3 percent 
moisture and not more than 0.1 percent other butter constituents, of 
which the salt shall be not more than 0.05 percent. Antioxidants 
permitted to be used are as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Antioxidant                         Maximum level         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Propyl gallate.........................  0.02% of fat.                  
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).........  0.02% of fat.                  
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).........  0.02% of fat.                  
Tocopherols............................  Limit by GMP.                  
Ascorbyl palmitate.....................  Limit by GMP.                  
Dilauryl thiodipropionate..............  0.02% of fat.                  
                                                                        
         Antioxidant synergists                                         
                                                                        
Citric acid............................  Limit by GMP.                  
Sodium citrate.........................  Limit by GMP.                  
Isopropyl citrate......................  0.02% of food.                 
Phosphoric acid........................  Limit by GMP.                  
Monoglyceride citrate..................  200 ppm of fat.                
------------------------------------------------------------------------

An inert gas may be used to flush air-tight containers before, during, 
and after filling. Carbon dioxide may not be used for this purpose.
    (c) Anhydrous milkfat. The food product resulting from the removal 
of practically all of the moisture and solids-not-fat from pasteurized 
cream or butter. It contains not less than 99.8 percent fat and not more 
than 0.1 percent moisture and, when produced from butter, not more than 
0.1 percent other butter constituents, of which the salt shall be not 
more than 0.05 percent. An inert gas may be used to flush air-tight 
containers before, during, and after filling. Carbon dioxide may not be 
used for this purpose.
    (d) Frozen cream. Sweet cream which has been pasteurized and frozen. 
It contains approximately 40 percent milkfat.
    (e) Plastic cream. Sweet cream which has been pasteurized and 
contains approximately 80 percent milkfat.
    (f) Whipped butter. The food product is made by the uniform 
incorporation of air or inert gas into butter.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 59 FR 1264, Jan. 10, 
1994; 60 FR 4825, Jan. 24, 1995]

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.311   Coolers and freezers.

    The coolers and freezers shall be equipped with facilities for 
maintaining proper temperature and humidity conditions, consistent with 
good commercial practices for the applicable product, to protect the 
equality and condition of the products during storage or during 
tempering prior to further processing. Coolers and freezers shall be 
kept clean, orderly, free from insects, rodents, and mold, and 
maintained in good repair. They shall be

[[Page 134]]

adequately lighted and proper circulation of air shall be maintained at 
all times. The floors, walls, and ceilings shall be of such construction 
as to permit thorough cleaning.



Sec. 58.312   Churn rooms.

    Churn rooms in addition to proper construction and sanitation shall 
be so equipped that the air is kept free from objectionable odors and 
vapors and extreme temperatures by means of adequate ventilation and 
exhaust systems or air conditioning and heating facilities.



Sec. 58.313   Print and bulk packaging rooms.

    Rooms used for packaging print or bulk butter and related products 
should, in addition to proper construction and sanitation, provide an 
atmosphere relatively free from mold (not more than 15 colonies per 
plate during a 15 min. exposure), dust, or other air-borne contamination 
and maintain a reasonable room temperature in accordance with good 
commercial practices.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.314   General construction, repair and installation.

    All equipment and utensils necessary to the manufacture of butter 
and related products shall meet the same general requirements as 
outlined in Sec. 58.128. In addition for certain other equipment, the 
following requirements shall be met.



Sec. 58.315   Continuous churns.

    All product contact surfaces of the churn and related equipment 
shall be of noncorrosive material. All non-metallic product contact 
surfaces shall comply with 3-A Standards for Plastic, Rubber, and 
Rubber-Like Materials. All product contact surfaces of the churn and 
related equipment shall be readily accessible for cleaning and 
inspection. Construction shall follow the applicable principles of the 
3-A Sanitary Standards.



Sec. 58.316   Conventional churns.

    Churns shall be constructed of aluminum, stainless steel or equally 
corrosion resistant metal, free from cracks, and in good repair. All 
gasket material shall be fat resistant, nontoxic and reasonably durable. 
Seals around the doors shall be tight.



Sec. 58.317   Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers.

    Bulk butter trucks, boats, texturizers, and packers shall be 
constructed of aluminum, stainless steel, or equally corrosion resistant 
metal free from cracks, seams and must have a surface that is relatively 
smooth and easily cleanable. All non-metallic product surfaces shall 
comply with 3-A Standards for Plastic, Rubber, and Rubber-Like Material.



Sec. 58.318   Butter, frozen or plastic cream melting machines.

    Shavers, shredders or melting machines used for rapid melting of 
butter, frozen or plastic cream shall be of stainless steel or equally 
corrosion resistant metal, free from cracks and of sanitary 
construction, and readily cleanable.



Sec. 58.319   Printing equipment.

    All printing equipment shall be designed so as to adequately protect 
the product and be readily demountable for cleaning of product contact 
surfaces. All product contact surfaces shall be aluminum, stainless 
steel or equally corrosion resistant metal, or plastic, rubber and 
rubber like material which comply with 3-A standards, except that 
conveyors may be constructed of material which can be properly cleaned 
and maintained in a satisfactory manner.



Sec. 58.320   Brine tanks.

    Brine tanks used for the treating of parchment liners shall be 
constructed of noncorrosive material and have an adequate and safe means 
of heating the salt solution for the treatment of the liners. The tank 
should also be provided with a satisfactory drainage outlet.



Sec. 58.321   Cream storage tanks.

    Cream storage tanks shall meet the requirements of Sec. 58.128(d). 
Cream storage tanks for continuous churns should be equipped with 
effective temperature controls and recording devices.

[[Page 135]]

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material



Sec. 58.322  Cream.

    Cream separated at an approved plant and used for the manufacture of 
butter shall have been derived from raw material meeting the 
requirements as listed under Secs. 58.132 through 58.138 of this 
subpart.

[50 FR 34673, Aug. 27, 1985]
Sec. 58.323  [Reserved]



Sec. 58.324   Butteroil.

    To produce butteroil eligible for official certification, the butter 
used shall conform to the flavor requirements of U.S. Grade AA, U.S. 
Grade A, or U.S. Grade B, and shall have been manufactured in an 
approved plant.



Sec. 58.325  Anhydrous milkfat.

    If cream is used in the production of anhydrous milkfat that is 
eligible for official certification, the anhydrous milkfat shall be made 
by a continuous separation process directly from milk or cream. The 
cream used shall be comparable to the flavor quality specified above for 
U.S. Grade AA or U.S. Grade A butter. The milkfat from cream may then be 
further concentrated into oil. The cream or oil shall be pasteurized in 
accordance with the procedures for cream for buttermaking 
(Sec. 58.334a). If butter is used in the production of anhydrous milkfat 
that is eligible for official certification, the butter used shall 
conform to the flavor requirements of U.S. Grade AA or U.S. Grade A 
butter and shall have been manufactured in an approved plant. The 
appearance of anhydrous milkfat should be fairly smooth and uniform in 
consistency.

[60 FR 4826, Jan. 24, 1995]



Sec. 58.326   Plastic cream.

    To produce plastic cream eligible for official certification, the 
quality of the cream used shall meet the requirements of cream 
acceptable for the manufacture of U.S. Grade AA or U.S. Grade A butter.



Sec. 58.327   Frozen cream.

    To produce frozen cream eligible for official certification, the 
quality of the cream used shall meet the requirements of cream 
acceptable for the manufacture of U.S. Grade AA or U.S. Grade A butter.



Sec. 58.328   Salt.

    The salt shall be free-flowing, white refined sodium chloride and 
shall meet the requirements of The Food Chemical Codex.



Sec. 58.329   Color.

    Coloring, when used shall be Annatto or any color which is approved 
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.330   Butter starter cultures.

    Harmless bacterial cultures when used in the development of flavor 
components in butter and related products shall have a pleasing and 
desirable flavor and shall have the ability to transmit these qualities 
to the finished product.



Sec. 58.331   Starter distillate.

    The refined flavor components when used to flavor butter and related 
products. It shall be of food grade quality, free of extraneous material 
and prepared in accordance with good commercial practice.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.332   Segregation of raw material.

    The milk and cream received at the dairy plant shall meet the 
quality specifications as indicated under Sec. 58.322. The milk and 
cream should be segregated by quality and processed separately in such a 
manner that the finished product will fully meet the requirements of a 
particular U.S. Grade or other specification, whichever is applicable.



Sec. 58.334   Pasteurization.

    The milk or cream shall be pasteurized at the plant where the milk 
or cream is processed into the finished product or by procedures as set 
forth by the Administrator.

[[Page 136]]

    (a) Cream for butter making. The cream for butter making shall be 
pasteurized at a temperature of not less than 165  deg.F. and held 
continuously in a vat at such temperature for not less than 30 minutes; 
or pasteurized by HTST method at a minimum temperature of not less than 
185  deg.F. for not less than 15 seconds; or it shall be pasteurized by 
any other equivalent temperature and holding time which will assure 
adequate pasteurization. Additional heat treatment above the minimum 
pasteurization requirement is advisable to insure improved keeping-
quality characteristics.

Adequate pasteurization control shall be used and the diversion valve 
shall be set to divert at no less than 185  deg.F. with a 15 second 
holding time or its equivalent in time and temperature to assure 
pasteurization. If the vat or holding method of pasteurization is used, 
vat covers shall be closed prior to holding period to assure temperature 
of air space reaching 5  deg.F. higher than the minimum temperature 
during the holding time. Covers shall also be kept closed during the 
holding and cooling period.
    (b) Cream for plastic or frozen cream. The pasteurization of cream 
for plastic or frozen cream shall be accomplished in the same manner as 
in paragraph (a) of this section, except, that the temperature for the 
vat method shall be not less than 170  deg.F. for not less than 30 
minutes, or not less than 190  deg.F. for not less than 15 seconds or by 
any other temperature and holding time which will assure adequate 
pasteurization and comparable keeping-quality characteristics.



Sec. 58.335   Quality control tests.

    All milk, cream and related products are subject to inspection for 
quality and condition throughout each processing operation. Quality 
control tests shall be made on flow samples as often as necessary to 
check the effectiveness of processing and manufacturing and as an aid in 
correcting deficiencies in processing and manufacturing. Routine 
analysis shall be made on raw materials and finished products to assure 
adequate microbiological, composition and chemical control.



Sec. 58.336   Frequency of sampling for quality control of cream, butter and related products.

    (a) Microbiological. Samples shall be taken from churnings or 
batches and should be taken as often as is necessary to insure 
microbiological control.
    (b) Composition. Sampling and testing for product composition shall 
be made on churns or batches as often as is necessary to insure adequate 
composition control. For in-plant control, the Kohman or modified Kohman 
test may be used.
    (c) Chemical--(1) Acid degree value. This test should be made on 
churnings or batches from samples taken from the cream as often as is 
necessary to aid in the control of lipase activity.
    (2) Free fatty acid. This test should be made on churnings or 
batches from samples taken from the butter as often as is necessary to 
aid in the control of lipase activity.
    (d) Other analysis. Other chemical analysis or physical measurements 
shall be performed as often as is necessary to insure meeting grade 
standards and contract specifications.
    (e) Weight or volume control. Representative samples of the packaged 
product should be checked using procedures prescribed by the 
Administrator during the packaging operation to assure compliance with 
the stated net weight or volume on the container.
    (f) Keeping quality and stability. Samples from churnings shall be 
subjected to a seven day keeping quality test at a temperature of 72 
deg.F. to establish and maintain a satisfactory keeping quality history. 
Optionally 98  deg.F. for 48 hours may be used, however, in case of a 
dispute, the results of the seven days at 72  deg.F. will prevail.



Sec. 58.337   Official test methods.

    (a) Chemical. Chemical analyses except where otherwise prescribed 
herein, shall be made in accordance with the methods described in the 
latest edition of Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of 
Official Analytical Chemists, published by the Association of Official 
Analytical Chemists, the Official and Tentative Methods of the American 
Oil Chemists Society or any

[[Page 137]]

other methods giving equivalent results.
    (b) Microbiological. Microbiological determinations shall be made in 
accordance with the methods described or suggested in the latest edition 
of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, published by 
the American Public Health Association.



Sec. 58.338   Composition and wholesomeness.

    All ingredients used in the manufacture of butter and related 
products shall be subject to inspection and shall be wholesome and 
practically free from impurities. Chlorinating facilities shall be 
provided for butter wash water if needed and all other necessary 
precautions shall be taken to prevent contamination of products. All 
finished products shall comply with the requirements of the Federal 
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as to composition and wholesomeness.



Sec. 58.339   Containers.

    (a) Containers used for the packaging of butter and related products 
shall be commercially acceptable containers or packaging material that 
will satisfactorily protect the quality of the contents in regular 
channels of trade. Caps or covers which extend over the lip of the 
container shall be used on all cups or tubs containing two pounds or 
less, to protect the product from contamination during subsequent 
handling.
    (b) Liners and wrappers. Supplies of parchment liners, wrappers and 
other packaging material shall be protected against dust, mold and other 
possible contamination.
    (1) Prior to use, parchment liners for bulk butter packages shall be 
completely immersed in a boiling salt solution in a suitable container 
constructed of stainless steel or other equally non-corrosive material. 
The liners shall be maintained in the solution for not less than 30 
minutes. The liners shall be effectively treated with a solution 
consisting of at least 15 pounds of salt for every 85 pounds of water 
and shall be strengthened or changed as frequently as necessary to keep 
the solution full strength and in good condition.
    (2) Other liners such as polyethylene shall be treated or handled in 
such a manner as to prevent contamination of the liner prior to filling.
    (c) Filling bulk butter containers. The lined butter containers 
shall be protected from possible contamination prior to filling. Use of 
parchment liners may be accomplished by alternately inverting one 
container over the other or stacking the lined boxes on their sides in a 
rack, until ready for use. When using polyethylene liners the boxes 
should be lined immediately prior to use. When packing butter into the 
bulk containers, care shall be taken to fill the corners leaving as few 
holes or openings as possible. The surface of the butter as well as the 
covering liner shall be smoothed evenly over the top surface before 
closing and sealing the container. Containers should be stacked only as 
high as the firmness of the product will support weight, so as not to 
crush or distort the container.



Sec. 58.340   Printing and packaging.

    Printing and packaging of consumer size containers of butter shall 
be conducted under sanitary conditions. Separate rooms equipped with 
automatic filling and packaging equipment should be provided. The 
outside cartons should be removed from bulk butter in a room outside of 
the printing operation but the parchment removal and cutting of the 
butter may be done in the print room.



Sec. 58.341   Repackaging.

    When officially graded or inspected bulk product is to be repackaged 
into consumer type packages for official grade labeling or other 
official identification, a supervisor of packaging shall be required and 
the plant, equipment, facilities and personnel shall meet the same 
specifications as outlined in this part, including such markings or 
identification as may be required.



Sec. 58.342   General identification.

    Commercial bulk shipping containers shall be legibly marked with the 
name of the product, net weight, name and address of manufacturer, 
processor or distributor or other assigned plant identification 
(manufacturer's lot

[[Page 138]]

number, churn number, etc.) and any other identification that may be 
required. Packages of plastic or frozen cream shall be marked with the 
percent of milkfat.



Sec. 58.343   Storage of finished product in coolers.

    All products shall be kept under refrigeration at temperatures of 40 
 deg.F. or lower after packaging and until ready for distribution or 
shipment. The products shall not be placed directly on floors or exposed 
to foreign odors or conditions such as drippage due to condensation 
which might cause package or product damage.



Sec. 58.344   Storage of finished product in freezer.

    (a) Sharp freezers. Plastic cream or frozen cream intended for 
storage shall be placed in quick freezer rooms immediately after 
packaging, for rapid and complete freezing within 24 hours. The packages 
shall be piled or spaced in such a manner that air can freely circulate 
between and around the packages. The rooms shall be maintained at -10 
deg.F. or lower and shall be equipped to provide sufficient high 
velocity, air circulation for rapid freezing. After the products have 
been completely frozen, they may be transferred to a freezer storage 
room for continued storage.
    (b) Freezer storage. The room shall be maintained at a temperature 
of 0  deg.F. or lower. Adequate air circulation is desirable.

Butter intended to be held more than 30 days shall be placed in a 
freezer room as soon as possible after packaging. If not frozen before 
being placed in the freezer, the packages shall be spaced in such a 
manner as to permit rapid freezing and repiled, if necessary, at a later 
time.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.345   Butter.

    The quality requirements for butter shall be in accordance with the 
U.S. Standards for Grades of Butter for U.S. Grade AA, U.S. Grade A, or 
U.S. Grade B, respectively.
    (a) In addition, the butter is subject to the following 
specifications when sampled and tested in accordance with Secs. 58.336 
and 58.337.
    (b) Proteolytic count, not more than 100 per gram; yeast and mold 
count, not more than 20 per gram; coliform count, not more than 10 per 
gram.
    (c) Optional except when required or requested: Copper content, not 
more than 0.3 ppm; iron content, not more than 1.0 ppm; enterococci, not 
more than 10 per gram.



Sec. 58.346  Whipped butter.

    (a) The quality requirements for whipped butter shall be in 
accordance with the U.S. Standards for Grades of Whipped Butter for U.S. 
Grade AA and U.S. Grade A, respectively.
    (b) Whipped butter shall also be subject to the following 
specifications when sampled and tested in accordance with Sec. 58.336 
and Sec. 58.337, respectively:
    (1) Proteolytic count, not more than 50 per gram; yeast and mold 
count, not more than 10 per gram; coliform count, not more than 10 per 
gram; and keeping-quality test, satisfactory after 7 days at 70 deg.F.
    (2) Optional except when required or requested: Copper content, not 
more than 0.3 ppm; iron content, not more than 1.0 ppm; enterococci, not 
more than 10 per gram.

[59 FR 1264, Jan. 10, 1994]



Sec. 58.347  Butteroil or anhydrous milkfat.

    The flavor shall be bland and free from rancid, oxidized, or other 
objectionable flavors.
    (a) In addition, the finished products shall meet the following 
specifications when sampled and tested in accordance with Secs. 58.336 
and 58.337:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Butteroil       Anhydrous milkfat
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Milkfat.........................  Not less than 99.6  Not less than 99.8
                                   percent.            percent.         
Moisture........................  Not more than 0.3   Not more than 0.1 
                                   percent.            percent.         

[[Page 139]]

                                                                        
Other butter constituents         Not more than 0.1   Not more than 0.1 
 including salt.                   percent.            percent.         
Salt............................  Not more than 0.05  Not more than 0.05
                                   percent.            percent.         
Antioxidants....................  Those permitted by  Those permitted by
                                   standards of the    standards of the 
                                   Codex               Codex            
                                   Alimentarius        Alimentarius     
                                   Commission and      Commission and   
                                   authorized for      authorized for   
                                   use by the Food     use by the Food  
                                   and Drug            and Drug         
                                   Administration.     Administration.  
Free fatty acids................  Not more than 0.5   Not more than 0.3 
                                   percent             percent          
                                   (calculated as      (calculated as   
                                   oleic acid).        oleic acid).     
Peroxide value..................  Not more than 0.1   Not more than 0.1 
                                   milliequivalent     milliequivalent  
                                   per kilogram of     per kilogram of  
                                   fat.                fat.             
Iron content....................  Not more than 0.2   Not more than 0.2 
                                   ppm.                ppm.             
Copper content..................  Not more than 0.05  Not more than 0.05
                                   ppm.                ppm.             
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) [Reserved]

[60 FR 4826, Jan. 24, 1995]



Sec. 58.348   Plastic cream.

    The flavor shall be sweet, pleasing and desirable but may possess 
the following flavors to a slight degree; aged, bitter, flat, smothered 
and storage; and cooked and feed flavors to a definite degree. It shall 
be free from rancid, oxidized or other objectionable flavors.
    (a) In addition, the finished product shall meet the following 
specifications when sampled and tested in accordance with Secs. 58.336 
and 58.337.
    (b) Standard plate count, not more than 30,000 per gram; coliform 
count, not more than 10 per gram; yeast and mold, not more than 20 per 
gram;
    (c) Optional except when required or requested: Copper content not 
more than 0.3 ppm; iron content not more than 1.0 ppm.



Sec. 58.349   Frozen cream.

    The flavor shall be sweet, pleasing and desirable, but may possess 
the following flavors to a slight degree: Aged, bitter, flat, smothered, 
storage; and cooked and feed flavors to a definite degree. It shall be 
free from rancid, oxidized or other objectionable flavors.
    (a) In addition, the product shall meet the following specifications 
when sampled and tested in accordance with Secs. 58.336 and 58.337. 
Samples for analysis should be taken prior to freezing of the product.
    (b) Standard plate count, not more than 30,000 per ml.; coliform 
count, not more than 10 per ml.; yeast and mold, not more than 20 per 
ml.
    (c) Optional except when required or requested: Copper content, not 
more than 0.3 ppm; iron content not more than 1.0 ppm.

   Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing and Packaging 
                                 Cheese

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.405   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa as the 
case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the following 
terms shall have the following meaning:
    (a) Cheese. The fresh or matured product obtained by draining after 
coagulation of milk, cream, skimmed or partly skimmed milk or a 
combination of some or all of these products and including any cheese 
that conforms to the provisions of 21 CFR 19.500 up to 19.750,\1\ 
``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Cheese and Cheese 
Products,'' Food and Drug Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\21 CFR part 19 was redesignated as part 133 at 42 FR 14302, Mar. 
15, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Milkfat from whey. The fat obtained from the separation of 
cheese whey.

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.406   Starter facility.

    A separate starter room or properly designed starter tanks and 
satisfactory air movement techniques shall be provided for the 
propagation and handling of starter cultures. All necessary precaution 
shall be taken to prevent contamination of the facility, equipment and 
the air therein. A filtered air supply with a minimum average efficiency

[[Page 140]]

of 90 percent when tested in accordance with the ASHRAE Synthetic Dust 
Arrestance Test should be provided so as to obtain outward movement of 
air from the room to minimize contamination.



Sec. 58.407   Make room.

    The rooms in which the cheese is manufactured shall be of adequate 
size, and the equipment adequately spaced to permit movement around the 
equipment for proper cleaning and satisfactory working conditions. 
Adequate filtered air ventilation should be provided. When applicable, 
the mold count should be not more than 15 colonies per plate during a 15 
minute exposure.



Sec. 58.408   Brine room.

    A brine room, when applicable, should be a separate room constructed 
so it can be readily cleanable. The brine room equipment shall be 
maintained in good repair and corrosion kept at a minimum.



Sec. 58.409   Drying room.

    When applicable, a drying room of adequate size shall be provided to 
accommodate the maximum production of cheese during the flush period. 
Adequate shelving and air circulation shall be provided for proper 
drying. Temperature and humidity control facilities should be provided 
which will promote the development of a sound, dry surface of the 
cheese.



Sec. 58.410   Paraffining room.

    When applicable for rind cheese, a separate room or compartment 
should be provided for paraffining and boxing the cheese. The room shall 
be of adequate size and the temperature maintained near the temperature 
of the drying room to avoid sweating of the cheese prior to paraffining.



Sec. 58.411   Rindless cheese wrapping area.

    For rindless cheese a suitable space shall be provided for proper 
wrapping and boxing of the cheese. The area shall be free from dust, 
condensation, mold or other conditions which may contaminate the surface 
of the cheese or contribute to unsatisfactory packaging of the cheese.



Sec. 58.412   Coolers or curing rooms.

    Coolers or curing rooms where cheese is held for curing or storage 
shall be clean and maintained at the proper uniform temperature and 
humidity to adequately protect the cheese, and minimize the undesirable 
growth of mold. Proper circulation of air shall be maintained at all 
times. The shelves shall be kept clean and dry. This does not preclude 
the maintenance of suitable conditions for the curing of mold and 
surface ripened varieties.



Sec. 58.413   Cutting and packaging rooms.

    When small packages of cheese are cut and wrapped, separate rooms 
shall be provided for the cleaning and preparation of the bulk cheese 
and for the cutting and wrapping operation. The rooms shall be well 
lighted, ventilated and provided with filtered air. Air movement shall 
be outward to minimize the entrance of unfiltered air into the cutting 
and packaging room. The waste materials and waste cheese shall be 
disposed of in an environmentally and/or sanitary approved manner.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.414   General construction, repair and installation.

    All equipment and utensils necessary to the manufacture of cheese 
and related products shall meet the same general requirements as 
outlined in Sec. 58.128. In addition, for certain other equipment the 
following requirements shall be met.



Sec. 58.415   Starter vats.

    Bulk starter vats shall be of stainless steel or equally corrosion 
resistant metal and should be constructed according to the applicable 3-
A Sanitary Standards. New or replacement vats shall be constructed 
according to the applicable 3-A Sanitary Standards. The vats shall be in 
good repair, equipped with tight fitting lids and have adequate 
temperature controls such as valves, indicating and/or recording 
thermometers.



Sec. 58.416   Cheese vats, tanks and drain tables.

    (a) The vats, tanks and drain tables used for making cheese should 
be of

[[Page 141]]

metal construction with adequate jacket capacity for uniform heating. 
The inner liner shall be minimum 16 gauge stainless steel or other 
equally corrosion resistant metal, properly pitched from side to center 
and from rear to front for adequate drainage. The liner shall be smooth, 
free from excessive dents or creases and shall extend over the edge of 
the outer jacket. The outer jacket shall be constructed of stainless 
steel or other metal which can be kept clean and sanitary. The junction 
of the liner and outer jackets shall be constructed so as to prevent 
milk or cheese from entering the inner jacket.
    (b) The vat, tank and/or drain table shall be equipped with a 
suitable sanitary outlet valve. Effective valves shall be provided and 
properly maintained to control the application of heat to this 
equipment. If this equipment is provided with removable cloth covers, 
they shall be clean.



Sec. 58.417   Mechanical agitators.

    The mechanical agitators shall be of sanitary construction. The 
carriages shall be of the enclosed type and all product contact 
surfaces, shields, shafts, and hubs shall be constructed of stainless 
steel or other equally corrosion resistant metal. Metal blades, forks, 
or stirrers shall be constructed of stainless steel and of material 
approved in the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Plastic, and Rubber and 
Rubber-Like Materials and shall be free from rough or sharp edges which 
might scratch the equipment or remove metal particles.



Sec. 58.418   Automatic cheese making equipment.

    (a) Automatic Curd Maker. The automatic curd making system shall be 
constructed of stainless steel or of material approved in the 3-A 
Sanitary Standards for Plastic, and Rubber and Rubber-Like Material. All 
areas shall be free from cracks and rough surfaces and constructed so 
that they can be easily cleaned.
    (b) Curd conveying systems. The curd conveying system, conveying 
lines and cyclone separator shall be constructed of stainless steel or 
other equally corrosion resistant metal and in such manner that it can 
be satisfactorily cleaned. The system shall be of sufficient size to 
handle the volume of curd and be provided with filtered air of the 
quality satisfactory for the intended use. Air compressors or vacuum 
pumps shall not be located in the processing or packaging areas.
    (c) Automatic salter. The automatic salter shall be constructed of 
stainless steel or other equally corrosion resistant metal. This 
equipment shall be constructed to equally distribute the salt throughout 
the curd. It shall be designed to accurately weigh the amount of salt 
added. The automatic salter shall be constructed so that it can be 
satisfactorily cleaned. The salting system shall provide for adequate 
absorption of the salt in the curd. Water and steam used to moisten the 
curd prior to salting shall be potable water or culinary steam.
    (d) Automatic curd filler. The automatic curd filler shall be 
constructed of stainless steel or other equally corrosion resistant 
metal. This equipment shall be of sufficient size to handle the volume 
of curd and constructed and controlled so as to accurately weigh the 
amount of curd as it fills. The curd filler shall be constructed so that 
it can be satisfactorily cleaned.
    (e) Hoop and barrel washer. The washer shall be constructed so that 
it can be satisfactorily cleaned. It shall also be equipped with 
temperature and pressure controls to ensure satisfactory cleaning of the 
hoops or barrels. It should be adequately vented to the outside.



Sec. 58.419   Curd mill and miscellaneous equipment.

    Knives, hand rakes, shovels, scoops, paddles, strainers, and 
miscellaneous equipment shall be stainless steel or of material approved 
in the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Plastic and Rubber-like Material. The 
product contact surfaces of the curd mill should be of stainless steel. 
All pieces of equipment shall be so constructed that they can be kept 
clean and free from rough or sharp edges which might scratch the 
equipment or remove metal particles. The wires in the curd knives shall 
be stainless steel, kept tight and replaced when necessary.

[[Page 142]]



Sec. 58.420   Hoops, forms and followers.

    The hoops, forms, and followers shall be constructed of stainless 
steel, heavy tinned steel or other approved materials. If tinned, they 
shall be kept tinned and free from rust. All hoops, forms, and followers 
shall be kept in good repair. Drums or other special forms used to press 
and store cheese shall be clean and sanitary.



Sec. 58.421   Press.

    The cheese press should be constructed of stainless steel and all 
joints welded and all surfaces, seams and openings readily cleanable. 
The pressure device shall be the continuous type. Press cloths shall be 
maintained in good repair and in a sanitary condition. Single service 
press cloths shall be used only once.



Sec. 58.422   Brine tank.

    The brine tank shall be constructed of suitable non-toxic material 
and should be resistant to corrosion, pitting or flaking. The brine tank 
shall be operated so as to assure the brine is clean, well circulated, 
and of the proper strength and temperature for the variety of cheese 
being made.



Sec. 58.423   Cheese vacuumizing chamber.

    The vacuum chamber shall be satisfactorily constructed and 
maintained so that the product is not contaminated with rust or flaking 
paint. An inner liner of stainless steel or other corrosion resistant 
material should be provided.



Sec. 58.424   Monorail.

    The monorail shall be constructed so as to prevent foreign material 
from falling on the cheese or cheese containers.



Sec. 58.425   Conveyor for moving and draining block or barrel cheese.

    The conveyor shall be constructed so that it will not contaminate 
the cheese and be easily cleaned. It shall be installed so that the 
press drippings will not cause an environmental problem.



Sec. 58.426   Rindless cheese wrapping equipment.

    The equipment used to heat seal the wrapper applied to rindless 
cheese shall have square interior corners, reasonably smooth interior 
surface and have controls that shall provide uniform pressure and heat 
equally to all surfaces. The equipment used to apply shrinkable wrapping 
material to rindless cheese shall operate to maintain the natural 
intended shape of the cheese in an acceptable manner, reasonably smooth 
surfaces on the cheese and tightly adhere the wrapper to the surface of 
the cheese.



Sec. 58.427   Paraffin tanks.

    The metal tank should be adequate in size, have wood rather than 
metal racks to support the cheese, have heat controls and an indicating 
thermometer. The cheese wax shall be kept clean.



Sec. 58.428   Speciality equipment.

    All product contact areas of speciality equipment shall be 
constructed of stainless steel or of material approved in the 3-A 
Sanitary Standards for Plastic and Rubber and Rubber-Like Material, and 
constructed following 3-A Sanitary Standards principles.



Sec. 58.429   Washing machine.

    When used, the washing machine for cheese cloths and bandages shall 
be of commercial quality and size; or of sufficient size to handle the 
applicable load. It should be equipped with temperature and water level 
controls.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material



Sec. 58.430   Milk.

    The milk shall be fresh, sweet, pleasing and desirable in flavor and 
shall meet the requirements as outlined under Secs. 58.132 through 
58.138. The milk may be adjusted by separating part of the fat from the 
milk or by adding one or more of the following dairy products: Cream, 
skim milk, concentrated skim milk, nonfat dry milk, and water in a 
quantity sufficient to reconstitute any concentrated or dry milk used.

[[Page 143]]

Such dairy products shall have originated from raw milk meeting the same 
requirements as outlined under Secs. 58.132 through 58.138.



Sec. 58.431   Hydrogen peroxide.

    The solution shall comply with the specification of the U.S. 
Pharmacopeia, except that it may exceed the concentration specified 
therein and it does not contain added preservative. Application and 
usage shall be as specified in the ``Definitions and Standards of 
Identity for Cheese and Cheese Products'', Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.432   Catalase.

    The catalase preparation shall be a stable, buffered solution, 
neutral in pH, having a potency of not less than 100 Keil units per 
milliliter. The source of the catalase, its application and usage shall 
be as specified in the ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for 
Cheese and Cheese Products,'' Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.433   Cheese cultures.

    Harmless microbial cultures used in the development of acid and 
flavor components in cheese shall have a pleasing and desirable taste 
and odor and shall have the ability to actively produce the desired 
results in the cheese during the manufacturing process.



Sec. 58.434   Calcium chloride.

    Calcium chloride, when used, shall meet the requirements of the Food 
Chemical Codex.



Sec. 58.435   Color.

    Coloring when used, shall be Annatto or any cheese or butter color 
which meet the requirements of the Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.436   Rennet, pepsin, other milk clotting enzymes and flavor enzymes.

    Enzyme preparations used in the manufacture of cheese shall be safe 
and suitable.



Sec. 58.437   Salt.

    The salt shall be free-flowing, white refined sodium chloride and 
shall meet the requirements of the Food Chemical Codex.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.438   Cheese from pasteurized milk.

    If the cheese is labeled as pasteurized, the milk shall be 
pasteurized by subjecting every particle of milk to a minimum 
temperature of 161  deg.F. for not less than 15 seconds or by any other 
acceptable combination of temperature and time treatment approved by the 
Administrator. HTST pasteurization units shall be equipped with the 
proper controls and equipment to assure pasteurization. If the milk is 
held more than 2 hours between the time of pasteurization and setting, 
it shall be cooled to 45  deg.F. or lower until time of setting.



Sec. 58.439   Cheese from unpasteurized milk.

    If the cheese is labeled as ``heat treated'', ``unpasteurized,'' 
``raw milk'', or ``for manufacturing'' the milk may be raw or heated at 
temperatures below pasteurization. Cheese made from unpasteurized milk 
shall be cured for a period of 60 days at a temperature not less than 35 
 deg.F. If the milk is held more than 2 hours between time of receipt or 
heat treatment and setting, it shall be cooled to 45  deg.F. or lower 
until time of setting.



Sec. 58.440   Make schedule.

    A uniform schedule should be established and followed as closely as 
possible for the various steps of setting, cutting, cooking, draining 
the whey and milling the curd, to promote a uniform quality of cheese.



Sec. 58.441   Records.

    Starter and make records should be kept at least three months.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB control 
number 0583-0047)\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Editorial Note: See table appearing in Sec. 58.100 for correct 
OMB control number.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982]

[[Page 144]]



Sec. 58.442   Laboratory and quality control tests.

    (a) Chemical analyses--(1) Milkfat and moisture. One sample shall be 
tested from each vat of the finished cheese to assure compliance with 
composition requirements.
    (2) Test method. Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance with 
the methods described in Official Methods of Analysis of the Association 
of Official Analytical Chemists as specified in the appropriate 
standards of identity, the latest edition of Standard Methods or by 
other methods giving equivalent results.
    (b) Weight or volume control. Representative samples of the finished 
product shall be checked during the packaging operation to assure 
compliance with the stated net weight on the container of consumer size 
packages.



Sec. 58.443   Whey handling.

    (a) Adequate sanitary facilities shall be provided for the handling 
of whey. If outside, necessary precautions shall be taken to minimize 
flies, insects and development of objectionable odors.
    (b) Whey or whey products intended for human food shall at all times 
be handled in a sanitary manner in accordance with the procedures of 
this subpart as specified for handling milk and dairy products.
    (c) Milkfat from whey should not be more than four days old when 
shipped.



Sec. 58.444   Packaging and repackaging.

    (a) Packaging rindless cheese or cutting and repackaging all styles 
of bulk cheese shall be conducted under rigid sanitary conditions. The 
atmosphere of the packaging rooms, the equipment and the packaging 
material shall be practically free from mold and bacterial 
contamination.
    (b) When officially graded bulk cheese is to be repackaged into 
consumer type packages with official grade labels or other official 
identification, a supervisor of packaging shall be required. If the 
repackaging is performed in a plant other than the one in which the 
cheese is manufactured and the product is officially identified, the 
plant, equipment, facilities and personnel shall meet the same 
requirements as outlined in this part.



Sec. 58.445   General identification.

    Bulk cheese for cutting and the container for cheese for 
manufacturing shall be legibly marked with the name of the product, code 
or date of manufacture, vat number, officially designated code number or 
name and address of manufacturer. Each consumer sized container shall 
meet the applicable regulations of the Food and Drug Administration.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.446   Quality requirements.

    (a) Cheddar cheese. The quality requirements for Cheddar cheese 
shall be in accordance with the U.S. Standards for Grades of Cheddar 
Cheese.
    (b) Colby cheese. The quality requirements for Colby cheese shall be 
in accordance with the U.S. Standards for Grades of Colby Cheese.
    (c) Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese. The quality requirements for 
Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese shall be in accordance with the U.S. 
Standards for Grades of Monterey (Monterey Jack) Cheese.
    (d) Swiss cheese, Emmentaler cheese. The quality requirements for 
Swiss cheese, Emmentaler cheese shall be in accordance with the U.S. 
Standards for Grades for Swiss Cheese, Emmentaler Cheese.
    (e) Bulk American cheese for manufacturing. The quality requirements 
for bulk American cheese for manufacturing shall be in accordance with 
the U.S. Standards for Grades of Bulk American Cheese for Manufacturing.

   Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing and Packaging 
                             Cottage Cheese

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.505   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning:

[[Page 145]]

    (a) Condensed skim. Skim milk which has been condensed to 
approximately one-third the original volume in accordance with standard 
commercial practice.
    (b) Cottage cheese. (1) Cottage cheese dry curd. The soft uncured 
cheese meeting the requirements of 21 CFR 19.525\1\ Food and Drug 
Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\See footnote at Sec. 58.405.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Cottage cheese. The soft uncured cheese meeting the requirements 
of 21 CFR 19.530,\1\ Food and Drug Administration.
    (3) Lowfat Cottage cheese. The soft uncured cheese meeting the 
requirements of 21 CFR 19.531,\1\ Food and Drug Administration.
    (c) Direct acidification. The production of cottage cheese, without 
the use of bacterial starter cultures, through the use of approved food 
grade acids. This product shall be labeled according to the requirements 
of 21 CFR 19.530(d),\1\ Food and Drug Administration.
    (d) Cottage cheese with fruits, nuts, chives, or other vegetables. 
Shall consist of cottage cheese to which has been added fruits, nuts, 
chives or other vegetables. The finished cheese shall comply with 
Sec. 58.505(b).
    (e) Cream. The milkfat portion of milk which rises to the surface of 
milk on standing or is separated from it by centrifugal force and 
contains not less than 18.0 percent of milkfat.
    (f) Creaming mixture. The creaming mixture consists of cream or a 
mixture of cream with milk or skim milk or both. To adjust the solids 
content, nonfat dry milk or concentrated skim milk may be added but not 
to exceed 3.0 percent by weight of the creaming mixture. It may or may 
not contain a culture of harmless lactic acid and flavor producing 
bacteria, food grade acid, salt, and stabilizers with or without 
carriers. The creaming mixture in its final form may or may not be 
homogenized and shall conform to the provisions of 21 CFR 19.530(b),\1\ 
Food and Drug Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\See footnote at Sec. 58.405.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.510   Rooms and compartments.

    (a) Processing operations with open cheese vats should be separated 
from other rooms or areas. Excessive personnel traffic or other possible 
contaminating conditions should be avoided. Rooms, compartments, 
coolers, and dry storage space in which any raw material, packaging or 
ingredients supplies or finished products are handled, processed, 
packaged or stored shall be designed and constructed to assure clean and 
orderly operations.
    (b) Ventilation. Processing and packaging rooms or compartments 
shall be ventilated to maintain sanitary conditions, preclude the growth 
of mold and air borne bacterial contaminants, prevent undue condensation 
of water vapor and minimize or eliminate objectionable odors. To 
minimize air borne contamination in processing and packaging rooms a 
filtered air supply meeting the requirements of Sec. 58.510(c) shall be 
provided. The incoming air shall exert an outward pressure so that the 
movement of air will be outward and prevent the movement of unfiltered 
air inward.
    (c) Starter facility. A separate starter room or properly designed 
starter tanks and satisfactory air movement techniques shall be provided 
for the propagation and handling of starter cultures. All necessary 
precautions shall be taken to prevent contamination of the room, 
equipment and the air therein. A filtered air supply with a minimum 
average efficiency of 90% when tested in accordance with the ASHRAE 
Synthetic Dust Arrestance Test should be provided so as to obtain an 
outward movement of air from the room to minimize contamination.
    (d) Coolers. Coolers shall be equipped with facilities for 
maintaining proper temperature and humidity conditions, consistent with 
good commercial practices for the applicable product, to protect the 
quality and condition of the products. Coolers shall be kept clean, 
orderly and free from mold, and maintained in good repair. They shall be 
adequately lighted and proper circulation of air shall be maintained at 
all

[[Page 146]]

times. The floors, walls, and ceilings shall be of such construction as 
to permit thorough cleaning.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.511   General construction, repair and installation.

    The equipment and utensils used for the manufacture and handling of 
cottage cheese shall be as specified in Sec. 58.128. In addition for 
certain other equipment the following requirements shall be met.



Sec. 58.512   Cheese vats or tanks.

    (a) Cheese vats or tanks shall meet the requirements of Sec. 58.416. 
When direct steam injection is used for heating the milk, the vat or 
tank may be of single shell construction. The steam shall be culinary 
steam.
    (b) Vats shall be equipped with valves to control the heating and 
cooling medium and a suitable sanitary outlet valve. Vats used for 
creaming curd should be equipped with a refrigerated cooling medium. A 
circulating pump for the heating and cooling medium is recommended.



Sec. 58.513   Agitators.

    Mechanical agitators shall meet the requirements of Sec. 58.417.



Sec. 58.514   Container fillers.

    Shall comply with the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Equipment for 
Packaging Frozen Desserts and Cottage Cheese.



Sec. 58.515   Mixers.

    Only mixers shall be used which will mix the cheese carefully and 
keep shattering of the curd particles to a minimum. They shall be 
constructed in such a manner as to be readily cleanable. If shafts 
extend through the wall of the tank below the level of the product, they 
shall be equipped with proper seals which are readily removable for 
cleaning and sanitizing. The mixer shall be enclosed or equipped with 
tight fitting covers.



Sec. 58.516   Starter vats.

    Bulk starter vats shall meet the requirements of Sec. 58.415.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material



Sec. 58.517   General.

    Raw materials used for manufacturing cottage cheese shall meet the 
following quality specifications.



Sec. 58.518   Milk.

    The selection of raw milk for cottage cheese shall be in accordance 
with Secs. 58.132 through 58.138.



Sec. 58.519   Dairy products.

    (a) Raw skim milk. All raw skim milk obtained from a secondary 
source shall be separated from milk meeting the same quality 
requirements for milk as outlined in Sec. 58.518 above. Skim milk after 
being pasteurized and separated shall be cooled to 45  deg.F. or lower 
unless the skim milk is to be set for cheese within two hours after 
pasteurizing. The skim milk should not be more than 48 hours old from 
the time the milk was received at the plant and the skim milk is set for 
cheese.
    (b) Nonfat dry milk. Nonfat dry milk, when used, shall be obtained 
from milk meeting the same quality requirements as outlined in 
Sec. 58.518 above. It shall be processed according to the requirements 
of this Subpart, and should meet the requirements of Sec. 58.236(b)(3).
    (c) Condensed skim milk. Condensed skim milk, if used, shall be 
prepared from raw milk or skim milk that meets the same quality 
requirements outlined above for raw milk or skim milk. It shall be 
cooled promptly after drawing from the vacuum pan or evaporator and 
shall have been pasteurized before concentrating or during the 
manufacture. The standard plate count of the concentrated milk shall not 
exceed 30,000 per ml. at time of use.
    (d) Cream. Any cream used for preparing the dressing for creamed 
cottage cheese shall be separated from milk meeting at least the same 
quality requirements as the skim milk used for making the curd. The 
flavor of the cream shall be fresh and sweet. Cream obtained from a 
secondary source shall meet the same requirements. The creaming mixture 
prepared from this cream, after pasteurization, shall have a standard 
plate count of no more than 30,000 per ml.

[[Page 147]]



Sec. 58.520   Nondairy ingredients.

    (a) Calcium chloride. Calcium chloride, when used, shall be of food 
grade quality and free from extraneous material.
    (b) Salt. Salt shall be free flowing, white refined sodium chloride 
and shall meet the requirements of The Food Chemical Codex.
    (c) Other ingredients. Other ingredients such as fruits, nuts, 
chives or other vegetables used or blended with cottage cheese shall be 
reasonably free of bacteria so as not to appreciably increase the 
bacterial count of the finished product. The various ingredients in kind 
shall be consistent in size and color so as to produce the desired 
appearance and appeal of the finished product. The flavor of the 
ingredients used shall be natural and represent the intended flavor and 
intensity desired in the finished product. Such ingredients shall be 
clean, wholesome, of uniformly good quality, free from mold, rancid or 
decomposed particles. Vegetables used in cottage cheese may first be 
soaked for 15 to 20 minutes in a cold 25 to 50 ppm chlorine solution to 
appreciably reduce the bacterial population. After soaking, the 
vegetables shall be drained and used soon thereafter.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.521   Pasteurization and product flow.

    (a) The skim milk used for the manufacture of cottage cheese shall 
be pasteurized not more than 24 hours prior to the time of setting by 
heating every particle of skim milk to a temperature of 161  deg.F. for 
not less than 15 seconds or by any other combination of temperature and 
time giving equivalent results. All skim milk must be cooled promptly to 
setting temperature. If held more than two hours between pasteurization 
and time of setting, the skim milk shall be cooled and held at 45 
deg.F. or lower until set.
    (b) Cream or cheese dressing shall be pasteurized at not less than 
150  deg.F. for not less than 30 minutes or at not less than 166  deg.F. 
for not less than 15 seconds or by any other combination of temperature 
and time treatment giving equivalent results. Cream and cheese dressing 
shall be cooled promptly to 40  deg.F. or lower after pasteurization to 
aid in further cooling of cottage cheese curd for improved keeping 
quality.
    (c) Reconstituted nonfat dry milk for cottage cheese manufacture 
need not be re-pasteurized provided it is reconstituted within two hours 
prior to the time of setting using water which is free from viable 
pathogenic or otherwise harmful microorganisms as well as microorganisms 
which may cause spoilage of cottage cheese. Skim milk separated from 
pasteurized whole milk need not be re-pasteurized provided it is 
separated in equipment from which all traces of raw milk from previous 
operations have been removed by proper cleaning and sanitizing.



Sec. 58.522   Reconstituting nonfat dry milk.

    Nonfat dry milk shall be reconstituted in a sanitary manner.



Sec. 58.523   Laboratory and quality control tests.

    (a) Quality control tests shall be made on samples as often as 
necessary to determine the shelf-life and stability of the finished 
product. Routine analyses shall be made on raw materials and finished 
product to assure satisfactory composition, shelf-life and stability.
    (b) Frequency of sampling--(1) Microbiological. Samples of raw milk 
for testing shall be taken as prescribed in Sec. 58.135. Representative 
samples shall be taken of finished cottage cheese and from each lot or 
batch of product used as an ingredient. For keeping quality tests 
representative samples shall be taken of finished cottage cheese;
    (2) Chemical--(i) Milkfat and Moisture. Representative samples shall 
be taken of cottage cheese; dry cottage cheese shall be tested for 
moisture only.
    (ii) pH. Representative samples shall be taken of finished cottage 
cheese.
    (c) Test methods--(1) Microbiological. Microbiological 
determinations shall be made for coliform, psychrotrophic and yeasts and 
molds. These tests shall be made in accordance with the methods 
described in the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination 
of Dairy Products, published by the American Public Health Association.

[[Page 148]]

    (2) Chemical. Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance with the 
methods described in the latest edition of Official Methods of Analysis 
of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, published by the 
Association of Official Analytical Chemists, the latest edition of 
Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, or by other 
methods giving equivalent results.



Sec. 58.524   Packaging and general identification.

    (a) Containers. Containers used for packaging cottage cheese shall 
be any commercially acceptable multiple use or single service container 
or packaging material which will satisfactorily protect the contents 
through the regular channels of trade without significant impairment of 
quality with respect to flavor, or contamination under normal conditions 
of handling. Caps or covers which extend over the lip of the container 
shall be used on all cups or tubs containing two pounds or less, to 
protect the product from contamination during subsequent handling.
    (b) Packaging. The cheese shall be packaged in a sanitary manner and 
automatic filling and capping equipment shall be used on all small 
sizes. The containers shall be checked weighed during the filling 
operation to assure they are filled uniformly to not less than the 
stated net weight on the container. Also care shall be taken that the 
cottage cheese be of uniform consistency at the time of packaging to 
assure legal composition in all packages.
    (c) General identification. Bulk packages containing cottage cheese 
shall be adequately and legibly marked with the name of the product, net 
weight, name and address of the manufacturer, lot number, code or date 
of packaging and any other identification as may be required. Consumer 
size packaged products shall meet the applicable regulations of the Food 
and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.525   Storage of finished product.

    Cottage cheese after packaging shall be promptly stored at a 
temperature of 45  deg.F. or lower to maintain quality and condition 
until loaded for distribution. During distribution and storage prior to 
sale the product should be maintained at a temperature of 45  deg.F. or 
lower. The product shall not be exposed to foreign odors or conditions 
such as drippage or condensation that might cause package or product 
damage. Packaged cottage cheese shall not be placed directly on floors.

  Requirements for Cottage Cheese Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.526   Official identification.

    (a) Only cottage cheese manufactured and packaged in accordance with 
the requirements of this part and with the applicable requirements in 
subpart A of this part which has been officially inspected in process 
and found to be in compliance with these requirements may be identified 
with the official USDA Quality Approved Inspection Shield.
    (b) Nonfat dry milk. Nonfat dry milk, when used in cottage cheese 
bearing official identification, shall meet the requirements for U.S. 
Extra Grade (Spray Process), at time of use, and should be of U.S. Low 
Heat Classification (not less than 6.0 mg. undenatured whey protein 
nitrogen per gram of nonfat dry milk). In addition, the nonfat dry milk 
shall have a direct microscopic count not exceeding 75 million per gram. 
The age of the nonfat dry milk shall be covered by a USDA grading 
certificate, evidencing compliance with quality requirements, dated not 
more than 6 months prior to use of the dry milk. In the interim between 
manufacture and use, the nonfat dry milk shall be stored in a clean, 
dry, vermin-free space. In any case, if the nonfat dry milk is more than 
120 days old, at time of use, it shall be examined for flavor to make 
certain that it meets the requirements for U.S. Extra Grade.



Sec. 58.527   Physical requirements.

    (a) Flavor. The cottage cheese shall possess a mild pleasing flavor, 
similar to fresh whole milk or light cream and may possess the delicate 
flavor and aroma of a good lactic starter. The product may possess to a 
slight degree a feed, acid, or salty flavor but shall be free from 
chalky, bitter, utensil,

[[Page 149]]

fruity, yeasty, or other objectionable flavors.
    (b) Body and texture. The curd particles shall have a meaty texture, 
but sufficiently tender to permit proper absorption of cream or cheese 
dressing. The texture shall be smooth and velvety and shall not be 
mealy, crumbly, pasty, sticky, mushy, watery, rubbery or slimy or 
possess any other objectionable characteristics of body and texture. 
Small curd style (cut with \1/4\ inch knives) should have curd particles 
approximately \1/4\ inch or less in size. Large curd style (cut with 
knives over \1/4\ inch) should have curd particles approximately \3/8\ 
inch or more in size.
    (c) Color and appearance. The finished cottage cheese, creamed or 
plain curd, shall have an attractive natural color and appearance with 
curd particles of reasonably uniform size. The creamed cottage cheese 
shall be uniformly mixed with the cream or dressing properly absorbed or 
adhering to the curd so as to prevent excessive drainage.



Sec. 58.528   Microbiological requirements.

    Compliance shall be based on 3 out of 5 consecutive samples taken at 
the time of packaging.
    (a) Coliform. Not more than 10 per gram.
    (b) Psychrotrophic. No more than 100 per gram.
    (c) Yeasts and molds. Not more than 10 per gram.



Sec. 58.529   Chemical requirements.

    (a) Moisture. See Sec. 58.505(b).
    (b) Milkfat. See Sec. 58.505(b).
    (c) pH. Not higher than 5.2.
    (d) Phosphatase. Not more than 4 micrograms of phenol equivalent per 
gram of cheese.



Sec. 58.530   Keeping quality requirements.

    Keeping quality samples taken from the packaging line shall be held 
at 45  deg.F. for 10 days. At the end of the 10 day period the samples 
shall possess a satisfactory flavor and appearance, and shall be free 
from bitter, sour, fruity, or other objectionable tastes and odors. The 
surface shall not be discolored, translucent, slimy or show any other 
objectionable condition.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
                        Packaging Frozen Desserts

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.605   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning as applied to frozen 
desserts meeting FDA requirements and briefly defined as follows:
    (a) Ice cream. The product conforming to the requirements of 
Sec. 20.2\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Frozen 
Desserts,'' U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 20.2).\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\21 CFR part 20 was redesignated as part 135 at 42 FR 14303, Mar. 
15, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Frozen custard. The product conforming to the requirements of 
Sec. 20.2\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Frozen 
Desserts,'' U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 20.2).\1\
    (c) Ice milk. The product conforming to the requirements of 
Sec. 20.3\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Frozen 
Desserts,'' U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 20.3).\1\
    (d) Sherbet. The product conforming to the requirements of 
Sec. 20.4\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Frozen 
Desserts,'' U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 20.4).\1\
    (e) Mellorine. The product conforming to the requirements of 
Sec. 20.8\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Frozen 
Desserts,'' U.S. Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 20.8).\1\
    (f) Overrun. The trade expression used to reference the increase in 
volume of the frozen product over the volume of the mix. This increase 
in volume is due to air being whipped into the product during the 
freezing process. It is expressed as percent of the volume of the mix.
    (g) Mix. The trade name for the combined and processed ingredients 
which after freezing become a frozen dessert.

[[Page 150]]

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.619   Mix processing room.

    The rooms used for combining mix ingredients and processing the mix 
shall meet the applicable requirements for rooms specified in 
Sec. 58.126. The room shall be ventilated to remove moisture and prevent 
condensation from forming on walls and ceiling. The room shall be well 
lighted.



Sec. 58.620   Freezing and packaging rooms.

    The rooms used for freezing and packaging frozen desserts shall be 
adequate in size to permit satisfactory air circulation and maintained 
in a clean and sanitary condition. The rooms shall be constructed in the 
same manner as prescribed above for mix rooms.



Sec. 58.621   Freezing tunnels.

    Freezing tunnels for quick freezing at extremely low temperatures 
shall be designed and constructed as to insure ease in cleaning and 
satisfactory conditions of operation.



Sec. 58.622   Hardening and storage rooms.

    Hardening and storage rooms for frozen desserts shall be constructed 
of satisfactory material for this purpose. The rooms shall be maintained 
in a clean and orderly manner. Adequate shelves, bins, or pallets shall 
be provided to keep the packages of finished products off the floor and 
to prevent damage to the containers. Sufficient refrigeration should be 
provided to insure adequate storage temperature (-10 deg. or lower). Air 
shall be circulated to maintain uniform temperature throughout the 
rooms. A vestibule or double entry way should be provided to minimize 
heat shock of the frozen products.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.623   Homogenizer.

    Homogenizer shall comply with 3-A Sanitary Standards.



Sec. 58.624   Freezers.

    Product contact surfaces of freezers used to lower the temperature 
of the liquid mix to a semi-frozen mass by a stirring action shall be 
constructed of a stainless steel or equally corrosion resistant metal 
and all parts easily accessible for cleaning and sanitizing. Batch and 
continuous freezers should comply with the applicable 3-A Standards.



Sec. 58.625   Fruit or syrup feeders.

    Fruit or syrup feeders inject flavoring material into the semi-
frozen product. Product contact surfaces shall be constructed of 
stainless steel or equally corrosion resistant metal and all pumps shall 
be in accordance to 3-A Sanitary Standards for dairy equipment. The 
feeder shall be constructed to enable complete disassembly for cleaning 
and sanitizing.



Sec. 58.626   Packaging equipment.

    Packaging equipment designed to mechanically fill and close single 
service containers with frozen desserts shall be constructed so that all 
product contact surfaces shall be of stainless steel or equally 
corrosion-resistant metal. All product contact surfaces shall be easily 
accessible for cleaning. The design and operation of the machine shall 
in no way contaminate the container of the finished product placed 
therein. New or replacement equipment shall comply with the 3A Sanitary 
Standards for Equipment for Packaging Frozen Desserts and Cottage 
Cheese.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material



Sec. 58.627   Milk and dairy products.

    To produce ice cream and related products the raw milk and cream 
shall meet the quality requirements as prescribed in Secs. 58.132 
through 58.138, except that only commingled milk and cream meeting the 
bacteriological requirements of No. 1 shall be used.



Sec. 58.628   Sweetening agents.

    Sweetening agents shall be clean and wholesome and consist of one or 
more of the approved sweeteners listed in Sec. 58.605.



Sec. 58.629   Flavoring agents.

    Flavoring agents either natural or artificial shall be wholesome and 
free from undesirable flavors. They must impart the desired 
characteristic to

[[Page 151]]

the finished product. Flavoring agents shall be one or more of those 
approved in Sec. 58.605.



Sec. 58.630   Stabilizers.

    Stabilizers shall be clean and wholesome and consist of one or more 
of those approved in Sec. 58.605.



Sec. 58.631   Emulsifiers.

    Emulsifiers shall be clean and wholesome and consist of one or more 
of those approved in Sec. 58.605.



Sec. 58.632   Acid.

    Acids used in sherbet shall be wholesome and of food grade quality 
and consist of one or more of those approved in Sec. 58.605.



Sec. 58.633   Color.

    Coloring used for ice cream and related products shall be those 
certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as safe for human 
consumption.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.634   Assembling and combining mix ingredients.

    The assembling and combining of mix ingredients for processing shall 
be in accordance with clean and sanitary methods and shall be consistent 
with good commercial practices. All raw materials shall be subjected to 
inspection for quality and condition prior to being combined and 
processed into the finished mix. All necessary precautions shall be 
taken to prevent the contamination of any raw material or the finished 
mix with any foreign substance.



Sec. 58.635   Pasteurization of the mix.

    Every particle of the mix, except added flavoring ingredients, shall 
be pasteurized at not less than 155  deg.F. and held at that temperature 
for 30 minutes or for 175  deg.F. for 25 seconds; or it may be 
pasteurized by any other equivalent temperature and holding time which 
will assure adequate pasteurization.



Sec. 58.636   Homogenization.

    Homogenization of the pasteurized mix shall be accomplished to 
effectively reduce the size of the milkfat globules and evenly disperse 
them throughout the mix.



Sec. 58.637   Cooling the mix.

    The mix shall be immediately cooled to a temperature of 45  deg.F. 
or lower, and stored at this temperature until further processing 
begins.



Sec. 58.638   Freezing the mix.

    After the mix enters the freezer, it shall be frozen as rapidly as 
possible to assure the formation of minute crystals. Proper adjustment 
of rate of flow, refrigerant and air pressure controls shall be achieved 
to assure correct overrun and consistency of the product for packaging 
and further freezing.



Sec. 58.639   Addition of flavor.

    The addition of flavoring ingredients to semi-frozen mix just prior 
to packaging shall be performed in a clean and sanitary manner. Care 
shall be taken to insure the flavor injection equipment has been 
properly cleaned and sanitized prior to use and that the flavor 
ingredients are of good quality and wholesome.



Sec. 58.640   Packaging.

    The packaging of the semifrozen product shall be done by means which 
will in no way contaminate the container or the product. When single 
service containers and lids are used, they shall be of good construction 
and protect the finished product. Containers used for frozen products 
shall be stored and handled in a sanitary manner so as to protect them 
from dust and bacterial contamination.



Sec. 58.641   Hardening and storage.

    Immediately after the semifrozen product is placed in its intended 
container it shall be placed in a hardening tunnel or hardening room to 
continue the freezing process. Rapid freezing to 0 deg. to -15  deg.F is 
desirable to produce a good textured product.



Sec. 58.642   Quality control tests.

    All mix ingredients shall be subject to inspection for quality and 
condition throughout each processing operation. Quality control tests 
shall be made on flow line samples as often as necessary to check the 
effectiveness of processing

[[Page 152]]

and sanitation and as an aid in correcting deficiencies. Routine 
analysis shall be made on raw materials and finished products to assure 
adequate composition, weight or volume control.



Sec. 58.643   Frequency of sampling.

    (a) Microbiological. Representative samples shall be taken from each 
type of mix, and for the finished frozen product one sample from each 
flavor made.
    (b) Composition. Representative samples shall be tested for fat and 
solids-not-fat on each type of mix manufactured. Spot checks shall be 
made on the finished products as often as is necessary to assure 
compliance with composition standards.
    (c) Weight or volume control. Representative samples of the packaged 
products shall be checked during the packaging operation to assure 
compliance with the stated volume on the container as well as weight and 
overrun requirements.



Sec. 58.644   Test methods.

    (a) Microbiological. Microbiological determinations shall be made in 
accordance with the methods described in the latest edition of Standard 
Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products.
    (b) Chemical. Chemical analysis shall be made in accordance with the 
methods described in the latest edition of Official Methods of Analysis 
of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, the latest edition 
of Standard Methods, or by other methods giving equivalent results.



Sec. 58.645   General identification.

    The various types of frozen desserts shall be packaged and labeled 
in accordance with the applicable regulations of the Food and Drug 
Administration.

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.646   Official identification.

    (a) Only ice cream and related products manufactured and packaged in 
accordance with the requirements of this part and with the applicable 
requirements in subpart A of this part which have been officially 
inspected in process and found to be in compliance with these 
requirements may be identified with the official USDA Quality Approved 
Inspection Shield.
    (b) Dairy products used in the manufacture of frozen desserts for 
which there are U.S. grades established (nonfat dry milk, whole milk, 
buttermilk and whey) shall be U.S. Extra Grade or better, and in the 
case of unsalted butter, shall be no lower than U.S. Grade A. Dairy 
products for which there are not USDA grade shall meet the applicable 
requirements of this part which permit such product to bear the USDA 
Quality Approved Inspection Shield.



Sec. 58.647   Composition requirements for ice cream.

    See Sec. 58.605(a).



Sec. 58.648   Microbiological requirements for ice cream.

    The finished product shall contain not more than 50,000 bacteria per 
gram as determined by the standard plate count, and shall contain not 
more than 10 coliform organisms per gram for plain and not more than 20 
coliform per gram in chocolate, fruit, nut or other flavors in three out 
of five samples.



Sec. 58.649   Physical requirements for ice cream.

    (a) Flavor. The flavor of the finished ice cream shall be pleasing 
and desirable, and characteristic of the fresh milk and cream and the 
particular flavoring used.
    (b) Body and texture. The body shall be firm, have substance and 
readily melt to a creamy consistency when exposed to room temperatures; 
the texture shall be fine, smooth, and have the appearance of creaminess 
throughout.
    (c) Color. The color shall be attractive, pleasing, uniform and 
characteristic of the flavor represented.



Sec. 58.650   Requirements for frozen custard.

    The same requirements apply as for ice cream except plain frozen 
custard shall have a minimum egg yolk solids content of 1.4 percent, and 
1.12 percent when fruits, nuts and other such ingredients are used for 
flavoring.

[[Page 153]]



Sec. 58.651   Requirements for ice milk.

    The requirements are the same as for ice cream except: (a) The 
minimum milk fat content shall be 2 percent by weight and the maximum 
milk fat content 7 percent by weight, (b) the total milk solids content 
shall be no less than 11 percent by weight, (c) the minimum total food 
solids weight per gallon shall be 1.3 pounds, (d) no reduction in the 
standards are permitted when fruits, nuts and other such ingredients are 
used for flavoring.



Sec. 58.652   Composition requirements for sherbet.

    See Sec. 58.605(d).



Sec. 58.653   Microbiological requirements for sherbet.

    The finished product shall contain not more than 50,000 bacteria per 
gram as determined by the standard plate count and shall contain not 
more than 10 coliform organisms per gram in three out of five samples.



Sec. 58.654   Physical requirements for sherbet.

    (a) Flavor. The flavor of the finished sherbet shall be pleasing and 
desirable and characteristic of the particular flavoring used and shall 
impart a sweet yet tart sensation.
    (b) Body and texture. The body shall be firm, compact, somwhat chewy 
and readily melt to an even syrupy consistency at room temperatures; the 
texture shall be smooth but not as fine as in ice cream and shall be 
even throughout.
    (c) Color. The color shall be attractive, pleasing, uniform and 
characteristic of the flavor represented.

  Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing and 
        Packaging Pasteurized Process Cheese and Related Products

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.705   Meaning of words.

    (a) Pasteurized process cheese and related products. Pasteurized 
process cheese and related products are the foods which conform to the 
applicable provisions of part 19, title 21, Secs. 19.750 through 
19.790,\1\ ``Definitions and Standards of Identity for Cheese and Cheese 
Products,'' Food and Drug Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\See footnote at Sec. 58.405.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Blend set up. The trade term for a particular group of vat lots 
of cheese selected to form a blend based upon their combined ability to 
impart the desired characteristics to a pasteurized process cheese 
product.
    (c) Cooker batch. The amount of cheese and added optional 
ingredients placed into a cooker at one time, heated to pasteurization 
temperature, and held for the required length of time.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.706   General construction, repair and installation.

    The equipment and utensils used for the handling and processing of 
cheese products shall be as specified in Sec. 58.128 of this subpart. In 
addition, for certain other equipment the following requirements shall 
be met.



Sec. 58.707   Conveyors.

    Conveyors shall be constructed of material which can be properly 
cleaned, will not rust, or otherwise contaminate the cheese, and shall 
be maintained in good repair.



Sec. 58.708   Grinders or shredders.

    The grinders or shredders used in the preparation of the trimmed and 
cleaned cheese shall be of corrosion-resistant material, and of such 
construction as to prevent contamination of the cheese and to allow 
thorough cleaning of all parts and product contact surfaces.



Sec. 58.709   Cookers.

    The cookers shall be the steam jacketed or direct steam type. They 
shall be constructed of stainless steel or other equally corrosion-
resistant material. All product contact surfaces shall be readily 
accessible for cleaning. Each cooker shall be equipped with an 
indicating thermometer, and shall be equipped with a temperature 
recording device. The recording thermometer stem may be placed in the 
cooker if satisfactory time charts are obtained,

[[Page 154]]

if not, the stem shall be placed in the hotwell or filler hopper. Steam 
check valves on direct steam type cookers shall be mounted flush with 
cooker wall, be constructed of stainless steel and designed to prevent 
the backup of product into the steam line, or the steam line shall be 
constructed of stainless steel pipes and fittings which can be readily 
cleaned. If direct steam is applied to the product only culinary steam 
shall be used (see Sec. 58.127(d)).



Sec. 58.710   Fillers.

    A strainer should be installed between the cooker and the filler. 
The hoppers of all filters shall be covered but the cover may have sight 
ports. If necessary, the hopper may have an agitator to prevent buildup 
on side wall. The filler valves and head shall be kept in good repair 
and capable of accurate measurements. Product contact surfaces shall be 
of stainless steel or other corrosion resistant material.

                 Quality Specifications for Raw Material



Sec. 58.711   Cheddar, colby, washed or soaked curd, granular or stirred curd cheese.

    Cheese, used in the manufacture of pasteurized process cheese 
products should possess a pleasing and desirable taste and odor 
consistent with the age of the cheese; should have body and texture 
characteristics which will impart the desired body and texture 
characteristics in the finished product; and should possess finish and 
appearance characteristics which will permit removal of all packaging 
material and surface defects. The cheese should at least meet the 
requirements equivalent to U.S. Standard Grade for Bulk American Cheese 
for Manufacturing provided the quantity of the cheese with any one 
defect as listed for U.S. Standard Grade is limited to assure a 
satisfactory finished product.



Sec. 58.712   Swiss.

    Swiss cheese used in the manufacture of pasteurized process cheese 
and related products should be equivalent to U.S. Grade B or better, 
except that the cheese may be blind or possess finish characteristics 
which do not impair the interior quality.



Sec. 58.713   Gruyere.

    Gruyere cheese used in the manufacture of process cheese and related 
products should be of good wholesome quality and except for smaller eyes 
and sharper flavor shall meet the same requirements as for Swiss cheese.



Sec. 58.714   Cream cheese, Neufchatel cheese.

    These cheeses when mixed with other foods, or used for spreads and 
dips should possess a fresh, pleasing and desirable flavor.



Sec. 58.715   Cream, plastic cream and anhydrous milkfat.

    These food products shall be pasteurized, sweet, have a pleasing and 
desirable flavor and be free from objectionable flavors, and shall be 
obtained from milk which complies with the quality requirements as 
specified in Secs. 58.132 through 58.138 of this subpart.



Sec. 58.716   Nonfat dry milk.

    Nonfat dry milk used in cheese products should meet the requirements 
equivalent to U.S. Extra Grade except that the moisture content may be 
in excess of that specified for the particular grade.



Sec. 58.717   Whey.

    Whey used in cheese products should meet the requirements equivalent 
to USDA Extra Grade except that the moisture requirement for dry whey 
may be waived.



Sec. 58.718   Flavor ingredients.

    Flavor ingredients used in process cheese and related products shall 
be those permitted by the Food and Drug Standards of Identity, and in no 
way deleterious to the quality or flavor of the finished product. In the 
case of bulky flavoring ingredients such as pimento, the particles 
should be, to at least a reasonable degree, uniform in size, shape and 
consistency. The individual types of flavoring materials should be 
uniform in color and should impart the characteristic flavor desired in 
the finished product.

[[Page 155]]



Sec. 58.719   Coloring.

    Coloring shall be Annatto or any other cheese or butter color which 
is approved by the Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.720   Acidifying agents.

    Acidifying agents if used shall be those permitted by the Food and 
Drug Administration for the specific pasteurized process cheese product.



Sec. 58.721   Salt.

    Salt shall be free flowing, white refined sodium chloride and shall 
meet the requirements of The Food Chemical Codex.



Sec. 58.722   Emulsifying agents.

    Emulsifying agents shall be those permitted by the Food and Drug 
Administration for the specific pasteurized process cheese product, and 
shall be free from extraneous material.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.723   Basis for selecting cheese for processing.

    A representative sample shall have been examined to determine fat 
and moisture content. One sample unit from each vat of cheese shall have 
been examined to determine the suitability of the vat for use in process 
cheese products in accordance with the flavor, body and texture 
characteristics permitted in Secs. 58.711 through 58.714 as applicable, 
and to determine the characteristics it will contribute to the finished 
product when blended with other cheese. The cheese included in each 
blend shall be selected on the basis of the desirable qualities which 
will result in the desired finished product. Recook from equivalent 
blends may be used in an amount that will not adversely affect the 
finished product. Hot cheese from the filler may be added to the cooker 
in amounts which will not adversely affect the finished product.



Sec. 58.724   Blending.

    To as great an extent as is practical, each vat of cheese should be 
divided and distributed throughout numerous cooker batches. The purpose 
being to minimize the preponderance and consequent influence of any one 
vat on the characteristics of the finished product, and to promote as 
much uniformity as is practical. In blending also consider the final 
composition requirements for fat and moisture. Quantities of salt, 
color, emulsifier and other allowable ingredients to be added shall be 
calculated and predetermined for each cooker batch.



Sec. 58.725   Trimming and cleaning.

    The natural cheese shall be cleaned free of all non-edible portions. 
Paraffin and bandages as well as rind surface, mold or unclean areas or 
any other part which is unwholesome or unappetizing shall be removed.



Sec. 58.726   Cutting and grinding.

    The trimmed and cleaned cheese should be cut into sections of 
convenient size to be handled by the grinder or shredder. The grinding 
and mixing of the blended lots of cheese should be done in such a manner 
as to insure a homogeneous mixture throughout the batch.



Sec. 58.727   Adding optional ingredients.

    As each batch is added to the cooker, the predetermined amounts of 
salt, emulsifiers, color, or other allowable optional ingredients shall 
be added. However, a special blending vat may be used to mix the ground 
cheese and other ingredients before they enter the cooker to provide 
composition control.



Sec. 58.728   Cooking the batch.

    Each batch of cheese within the cooker, including the optional 
ingredients, shall be thoroughly commingled and the contents pasteurized 
at a temperature of at least 158  deg.F. and held at that temperature 
for not less than 30 seconds or any other equally effective combination 
of time and temperature approved by the Administrator. Care shall be 
taken to prevent the entrance of cheese particles or ingredients after 
the cooker batch of cheese has reached the final heating temperature. 
After holding for the required period of time, the hot cheese shall be 
emptied from the cooker as quickly as possible.

[[Page 156]]



Sec. 58.729   Forming containers.

    Containers either lined or unlined shall be assembled and stored in 
a sanitary manner to prevent contamination. The handling of containers 
by filler crews should be done with extreme care and observance of 
personal cleanliness. Preforming and assembling of pouch liners and 
containers shall be kept to a minimum and the supply rotated to limit 
the length of time exposed to possible contamination prior to filling.



Sec. 58.730   Filling containers.

    Hot fluid cheese from the cookers may be held in hotwells or hoppers 
to assure a constant and even supply of processed cheese to the filler 
or slice former. Filler valves shall effectively measure the desired 
amount of product into the pouch or container in a sanitary manner and 
shall cut off sharply without drip or drag of cheese across the opening. 
An effective system shall be used to maintain accurate and precise 
weight control. Damaged or unsatisfactory packages shall be removed from 
production, and the cheese may be salvaged into sanitary containers, and 
added back to cookers.



Sec. 58.731   Closing and sealing containers.

    Pouches, liners, or containers having product contact surfaces, 
after filling shall be folded or closed and sealed in a sanitary manner, 
preferably by mechanical means, so as to assure against contamination. 
Each container in addition to other required labeling shall be coded in 
such a manner as to be easily identified as to date of manufacture by 
lot or sublot number.



Sec. 58.732   Cooling the packaged cheese.

    After the containers are filled they shall be stacked, or cased and 
stacked in such a manner as to prevent breaking of seals due to 
excessive bulging and to allow immediate progressive cooling of the 
individual containers of cheese. As a minimum the cheese should be 
cooled to a temperature of 100  deg.F. or lower within 24 hours after 
filling. The temperature of the cheese should be reduced further, before 
being shipped or if storage is intended.



Sec. 58.733   Quality control tests.

    (a) Chemical analyses. The following chemical analyses shall be 
performed in accordance with the appropriate edition of the Official 
Methods of Analysis of the AOAC as specified in the appropriate 
Standards of Identity or in accordance with methods that give equivalent 
results.
    (1) Cheese. A representative sample of cheese used in the 
manufacture of pasteurized process cheese products shall have been 
tested prior to usage to determine its moisture and fat content.
    (2) Pasteurized process cheese products. As many samples shall be 
taken of the finished product direct from the cooker, hopper, filler, or 
other location as is necessary to assure compliance with composition 
requirements. Spot checks should be made on samples from the cooker as 
frequently as is necessary to indicate pasteurization by means of the 
phosphatase test, as well as any other tests necessary to assure good 
quality control.
    (b) Examination of physical characteristics. As many samples shall 
be taken as is necessary to assure meeting the required physical 
characteristics of the products. Representative samples shall be taken 
from production for examination of physical characteristics. The samples 
shall be examined at approximately 70  deg.F. the first day of operation 
after the date of processing for the following characteristics: (1) 
Finish and appearance, (2) flavor, (3) color, (4) body and texture, and 
(5) slicing or spreading properties.
    (c) Keeping quality. During processing or preferably from the cooled 
stock select sufficient samples at random from the production run. The 
samples should be stored at approximately 50  deg.F. for 3 months for 
evaluation of physical characteristics as in paragraph (b) of this 
section. Additional samples may be selected and held at different 
temperatures or time.
    (d) Weight control. During the filling operation as many samples 
shall be randomly selected and weighed from each production run as is 
necessary to assure accuracy of the net weight established for the 
finished products.

[[Page 157]]

    Requirements for Processed Cheese Products Bearing USDA Official 
                             Identification



Sec. 58.734   Official identification.

    Only process cheese products manufactured and packaged in accordance 
with the requirements of this part and with the applicable requirements 
in subpart A of this part which have been officially inspected in 
process and found to be in compliance with these requirements may be 
identified with official USDA Quality Approved Inspection Shield.



Sec. 58.735   Quality specifications for raw materials.

    (a) Cheddar colby, washed or soaked curd, granular or stirred curd 
cheese. Cheese, used in the manufacture of pasteurized process cheese 
products which are identified with the USDA official identification 
shall possess a pleasing and desirable taste and odor consistent with 
the age of the cheese; shall have body and texture characteristics which 
will impart the desired body and texture characteristics in the finished 
product; and shall possess finish and appearance characteristics which 
will permit removal of all packaging material and surface defects. The 
cheese shall at least meet the requirements of U.S. Standard Grade for 
Bulk American Cheese for Manufacturing provided the quantity of the 
cheese with any one defect as listed for U.S. Standard Grade is limited, 
to assure compliance with the specifications of the finished product.
    (b) Swiss. Swiss cheese used in the manufacture of pasteurized 
process cheese and related products bearing official identification 
shall be U.S. Grade B or better, except that the cheese may be blind or 
possess finish characteristics which do not impair the interior quality.
    (c) Gruyere. Gruyere cheese used in the manufacture of process 
cheese and related products shall be of good wholesome quality and 
except for smaller eyes and sharper flavor shall meet the same 
requirements as for Swiss cheese.
    (d) Cream cheese, Neufchatel cheese. Mixed with other foods, or used 
for spreads and dips shall possess a fresh, pleasing and desirable 
flavor.
    (e) Cream, plastic cream and anhydrous milkfat. These food products 
shall be pasteurized, sweet, have a pleasing and desirable flavor and be 
free from objectionable flavors, and shall be obtained from milk which 
complies with the quality requirements as specified in Sec. 58.132 of 
this subpart.
    (f) Nonfat dry milk. Nonfat dry milk used in officially identified 
cheese products shall meet the requirements of U.S. Extra Grade except 
that the moisture content may be in excess of that specified for the 
particular grade.
    (g) Whey. Condensed or dry whey used in officially identified cheese 
products shall meet the requirements for USDA Extra Grade except that 
the moisture requirement for dry whey may be waived.
    (h) Flavor ingredients. Flavor ingredients used in process cheese 
and related products shall be those permitted by the Food and Drug 
Standards of Identity, and in no way deleterious to the quality or 
flavor of the finished product. In the case of bulky flavoring 
ingredients such as pimento, the particles shall be, to at least a 
reasonable degree, uniform in size, shape and consistency. The 
individual types of flavoring materials shall be uniform in color and 
shall impart the characteristic flavor desired in the finished product.
    (i) Other ingredients. For coloring, acidifying agents, salt, and 
emulsifying agents see Secs. 58.719, 58.720, 58.721 and 58.722.

              Quality Specifications for Finished Products



Sec. 58.736   Pasteurized process cheese.

    Shall conform to the provisions of the Definitions and Standards of 
Identity for Pasteurized Process Cheese and Related Products, Food and 
Drug Administration. The average age of the cheese in the blend shall be 
such that the desired flavor, body and texture will be achieved in the 
finished product. The quality of pasteurized process cheese shall be 
determined on the basis of flavor, body and texture, color, and finish 
and appearance.
    (a) Flavor. Has a pleasing and desirable mild cheese taste and odor 
characteristic of the variety or varieties of

[[Page 158]]

cheese ingredients used. If additional optional ingredients are used 
they shall be incorporated in accordance with good commercial practices 
and the flavor imparted shall be pleasing and desirable. May have a 
slight cooked or very slight acid or emulsifier flavor; is free from any 
undesirable tastes and odors.
    (b) Body and texture. Shall have a medium-firm, smooth and velvety 
body free from uncooked cheese particles. Is resilient and not tough, 
brittle, short, weak, or sticky. It shall be free from pin holes or 
openings except those caused by trapped steam. The cheese shall slice 
freely, and shall not stick to the knife or break when cut into 
approximately \1/8\ inch slices. If in sliced form, the slices shall 
separate readily.
    (c) Color. May be colored or uncolored but shall be uniform 
throughout. If colored it shall be bright and not be dull or faded. To 
promote uniformity and a common reference to describe color use the 
color designations as depicted by the National Cheese Institute standard 
color guide for cheese.
    (d) Finish and appearance. The wrapper may be slightly wrinkled but 
shall envelop the cheese, adhere closely to the surface, and be 
completely sealed and not broken or soiled.



Sec. 58.737   Pasteurized process cheese food.

    Shall conform to the provisions of the Definitions and Standards of 
Identity for Pasteurized Process Cheese Food and Related Products, Food 
and Drug Administration. The average age of the cheese in the blend 
shall be such that the desired flavor, body and texture will be achieved 
in the finished product. The quality of pasteurized process cheese food 
shall be determined on the basis of flavor, body and texture, color, and 
finish and appearance.
    (a) Flavor. Has a pleasing and desirable mild cheese taste and odor 
characteristic of the variety or varieties of cheese ingredients used. 
If additional optional ingredients are used they shall be incorporated 
in accordance with good commercial practices and the flavor imparted 
shall be pleasing and desirable. May have a slight cooked or very slight 
acid or emulsifier flavors; is free from any undesirable tastes and 
odors.
    (b) Body and texture. Shall have a reasonably medium-firm smooth and 
velvety body and free from uncooked cheese particles. Is resilient and 
not tough, brittle, short or sticky. It shall be free from pin holes or 
openings except those caused by trapped steam. The product shall slice 
freely with only a slight amount of sticking and shall not break when 
cut into approximately \1/8\ inch slices. If in sliced form, the slices 
shall separate readily.
    (c) Color. May be colored or uncolored but shall be uniform 
throughout. If colored it shall be bright and not be dull or faded. To 
promote uniformity and a common reference to describe color use the 
color designations as depicted by the National Cheese Institute standard 
color guide for cheese.
    (d) Finish and appearance. The wrapper may be slightly wrinkled but 
shall envelop the cheese, adhere closely to the surface, and be 
completely sealed and not broken or soiled.



Sec. 58.738   Pasteurized process cheese spread and related products.

    Shall conform to the applicable provisions of the Definitions and 
Standards of Identity for Pasteurized Process Cheese Spreads, Food and 
Drug Administration. The pH of pasteurized process cheese spreads shall 
not be below 4.0.

The quality of pasteurized process cheese spreads shall be determined on 
the basis of flavor, body and texture, color, and finish and appearance.
    (a) Flavor. Has a pleasing and desirable cheese taste and odor 
characteristic of the variety or varieties of cheese ingredients used. 
If additional optional ingredients are used they shall be incorporated 
in accordance with good commercial practices and the flavor imparted 
shall be pleasing and desirable. May have a slight cooked, acid, or 
emulsifier flavor; is free from any undesirable tastes and odors.
    (b) Body and texture. Shall have a smooth body free from uncooked 
cheese particles and when packaged shall form into a homogeneous plastic 
mass, and be free from pin holes or openings except those caused by

[[Page 159]]

trapped steam. Product made for slicing shall slice freely when cut into 
approximately \1/8\ inch slices with only a slight amount of sticking. 
Product made for spreading shall be spreadable at approximately 70 
deg.F.
    (c) Color. May be colored or uncolored but shall be uniform 
throughout. If colored it shall be bright and not be dull or faded. To 
promote uniformity and a common reference to describe color the color 
designations as depicted by the National Cheese Institute standard color 
guide for cheese may be used.
    (d) Finish and appearance. Wrappers, if used, may be slightly 
wrinkled but shall envelop the cheese, adhere closely to the surface, 
and be completely sealed and not broken or soiled. Other containers made 
of suitable materials shall be completely filled, sealed and not broken 
or soiled.

 Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and 
                Packaging Whey, Whey Products and Lactose

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.805   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa, as 
the case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the 
following terms shall have the following meaning:
    (a) Whey. ``Whey'' is the fluid obtained by separating the coagulum 
from milk, cream, and/or skim milk in cheesemaking. The acidity of the 
whey may be adjusted by the addition of safe and suitable pH adjusting 
ingredients. Moisture removed from cheese curd as a result of salting 
may be collected for further processing as whey if the collection of the 
moisture and the removal of the salt from the moisture are conducted in 
accordance with procedures approved by the Administrator.
    (b) Dry Whey. ``Dry Whey'' is the product resulting from drying 
fresh whey which has been pasteurized and to which nothing has been 
added as a preservative. It contains all constituents, except moisture, 
in the same relative proportions as in the whey.
    (c) Dry Sweet Whey. Dry whey not over 0.16 percent titratable 
acidity on a reconstituted basis.
    (d) Dry Whey--% Titratable Acidity. Dry whey over 0.16 percent, but 
below 0.35 percent titratable acidity on a reconstituted basis. The 
blank being filled with the actual acidity.
    (e) Dry Acid Whey. Dry whey with 0.35 percent or higher titratable 
acidity on a reconstituted basis.
    (f) Modified Whey Products:
    (1) Partially demineralized whey,
    (2) Partially delactosed whey,
    (3) Demineralized whey, and
    (4) Whey protein concentrate-products defined by regulations of the 
Food and Drug Administration.
    (g) Lactose (milk sugar). That food product defined by regulations 
of the Food and Drug Administration.

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 1257, Jan. 6, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 55 FR 39912, Oct. 1, 1990]

                         Rooms and Compartments



Sec. 58.806   General.

    Dry storage of product, packaging room for bulk product, and hopper 
or dump room shall meet the requirements of Secs. 58.210 through 58.212 
as applicable.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.807   General construction, repair and installation.

    All equipment and utensils necessary for the manufacture of whey, 
whey products and lactose shall meet the same general requirements for 
materials and construction as outlined in Secs. 58.128 and 58.215 
through 58.230 as applicable, except for the following:
    (a) Modified Whey Products. Equipment for whey fractionation, such 
as ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, gel filtration, and electrodialysis 
shall be constructed in accordance with 3-A sanitary design principles, 
except where engineering requirements preclude strict adherence to such 
standards. Materials used for product contact surfaces shall meet 
applicable 3-A Sanitary Standards or Food and Drug Administration 
requirements. All

[[Page 160]]

equipment shall be of sanitary construction and readily cleanable.
    (b) Lactose. Equipment used in the further processing of lactose 
following its separation from whey shall have smooth surfaces, be 
cleanable, free from cracks or crevices, readily accessible for 
inspection and shall be constructed of non-toxic material meeting 
applicable Food and Drug Administration requirements and under 
conditions of use shall be resistant to corrosion, pitting or flaking. 
[The use of stainless steel is optional.]

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials



Sec. 58.808   Whey.

    Whey for processing shall be fresh and originate from the processing 
of products made from milk meeting the requirements as outlined in 
Secs. 58.132 through 58.138. Only those ingredients approved by the Food 
and Drug Administration may be added to the whey for processing, except 
when restricted by this subpart. Whey products to which approved 
ingredients have been added or constituents removed to alter original 
characteristics for processing or usage shall be labeled to meet the 
applicable requirements.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.809   Pasteurization.

    (a) All fluid whey used in the manufacture of dry whey, dry whey 
products, modified whey products, and lactose shall be pasteurized prior 
to condensing. When the condensing and drying operations for dry whey 
take place at the same plant, the pasteurization may be located at a 
different point in the operation provided it will protect the quality of 
the finished product and not adversely affect the processing procedure.
    (b) Pasteurized products transported to another plant for final 
processing shall be repasteurized, except that condensed whey containing 
40 percent or more solids may be transported to another plant for 
further processing into dry whey, dry whey products or lactose without 
repasteurization.
    (c) If whey is transferred to another plant for further processing, 
or if during the processing procedure unpasteurized ingredients are 
added (except those necessary for lactose crystallization), or 
processing procedures permit contamination or bacterial growth, the whey 
shall be repasteurized as close to the final drying operations as 
possible.



Sec. 58.810   Temperature requirements.

    (a) Unless processed within 2 hours, all whey or condensed whey, 
except acid type whey with a titratable acidity of 0.40 percent or 
above, or a pH of 4.6 or below, shall be cooled to 45  deg.F or less, or 
heated to 145  deg.F or higher. Other temperatures may be used when 
essential for the technology of the process, such as lactose 
crystallization and membrane whey separation processes, when the quality 
and wholesomeness of the product is not impaired.
    (b) Recording thermometers shall be required and so located to 
assure that the cooling or heating requirements in paragraph (a) of this 
section are met.



Sec. 58.811   General.

    The operating procedures as contained in Secs. 58.237 through 
58.244, 58.246, 58.247, and 58.443 (a) and (b) shall be followed as 
applicable.



Sec. 58.812   Methods of official sample analysis.

    Samples shall be tested according to the applicable methods of 
laboratory analysis contained in DA Instruction 918-109-2 and 918-109-3 
as issued by the USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, Poultry and Dairy 
Quality Division.

(60 Stat. 1087, 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.; 84 Stat. 1620, 21 U.S.C. 1031 et 
seq.)

[40 FR 47911, Oct. 10, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.813   Dry whey.

    The quality requirements for dry whey shall be in accordance with 
the U.S. Standards for Dry Whey.

[[Page 161]]

 Supplemental Specifications for Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and 
  Packaging Evaporated and Condensed Milk or Ultra-Pasteurized Products

                               definitions



Sec. 58.905   Meaning of words.

    For the purpose of the regulations in this subpart, words in the 
singular form shall be deemed to impart the plural and vice versa as the 
case may demand. Unless the context otherwise requires, the following 
terms shall have the following meaning:
    (a) Evaporated milk. The liquid food made by evaporating sweet milk 
to such point that it contains not less than 7.5 percent of milkfat and 
not less than 25.5 percent of the total milk solids. The finished 
product shall conform to the requirements of Sec. 18.520 ``Definitions 
and Standards of Identity for Milk and Cream,'' Food and Drug 
Administration (21 CFR 18.520).\1\
    (b) Concentrated milk, plain condensed milk. The product which 
conforms to the standard of identity for evaporated milk except that it 
is not processed by heat to prevent spoilage. The container may be 
unsealed, and stabilizing ingredients are not used. The finished product 
shall conform to the requirements of Sec. 18.525 ``Definitions and 
Standards of Identity for Milk and Cream,'' Food and Drug Administration 
(21 CFR 18.525).\1\
    (c) Sweetened condensed milk. The liquid or semi-liquid food made by 
evaporating a mixture of sweet milk and refined sugar (sucrose) or any 
combination of refined sugar (sucrose) and refined corn sugar (dextrose) 
to such point that the finished sweetened condensed milk contains not 
less than 28.0 percent of total milk solids and not less than 8.5 
percent of milkfat. The quantity of sugar used is sufficient to prevent 
spoilage. The finished product shall conform to the requirements of 
Secs. 18.530 or 18.535, respectively, ``Definitions and Standards of 
Identity for Milk and Cream,'' Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 
18.530 and 18.535).\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\21 CFR Part 18 was redesignated as Part 131 at 42 FR 14302, Mar. 
15, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Ultra-pasteurized. The product shall have been thermally 
processed at or above 280  deg.F for at least 2 seconds, either before 
or after packaging, so as to produce a product which has an extended 
shelf life under refrigerated conditions.

                         Equipment and Utensils



Sec. 58.912   General construction, repair and installation.

    The equipment and utensils used for processing and packaging 
evaporated, condensed or ultra pasteurized dairy products shall be as 
specified in Sec. 58.128. In addition for certain other equipment, the 
following requirements shall be met.



Sec. 58.913   Evaporators and vacuum pans.

    All equipment used in the removal of moisture from milk or milk 
products for the purpose of concentrating the solids should comply with 
the requirements of the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Milk and Milk 
Products Evaporators and Vacuum Pans.



Sec. 58.914   Fillers.

    Both gravity and vacuum type fillers shall be of sanitary design and 
all product contact surfaces, if metal, shall be made of stainless steel 
or equally corrosion-resistant material; except that, certain evaporated 
milk fillers having brass parts may be approved if free from corroded 
surfaces and kept in good repair. Nonmetallic product contact surfaces 
shall comply with the requirements for 3-A Sanitary Standards for 
Plastic, and Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials. Fillers shall be designed 
so that they in no way will contaminate or detract from the quality of 
the product being packaged.



Sec. 58.915   Batch or continuous in-container thermal processing equipment.

    Shall comply with title 21, chapter 1, subpart 128b--``Thermally 
Processed Low-Acid Foods Packaged in Hermetically Sealed Containers.'' 
The equipment shall be maintained in such a manner as to assure control 
of the length of time of processing, and to

[[Page 162]]

minimize the number of damaged containers.



Sec. 58.916   Homogenizer.

    Homogenizers where applicable shall be used to reduce the size of 
the fat particles and to evenly disperse them in the product. 
Homogenizers shall comply with the applicable 3-A Sanitary Standards.

                   Operations and Operating Procedures



Sec. 58.917   General.

    There are many operations and procedures used in the preparation of 
evaporated, condensed and ultra pasteurized dairy products that are 
similar, therefore, the following general requirements will apply when 
such operations or procedures are used.



Sec. 58.918   Standardization.

    The standardization of the product to obtain a finished product of a 
given composition shall be accomplished by the addition or removal of 
milkfat, milk solids-not-fat and/or water. The ingredients added to 
accomplish the desired composition shall be of the same hygenic quality 
as the product being standardized.



Sec. 58.919   Pre-heat, pasteurization.

    When pasteurization is intended or required by either the vat 
method, HTST method, or by the HHST method it shall be accomplished by 
systems and equipment meeting the requirements outlined in Sec. 58.128. 
Pre-heat temperatures prior to ultra pasteurization will be those that 
have the most favorable effect on the finished product.



Sec. 58.920   Homogenization.

    Where applicable concentrated products shall be homogenized for the 
purpose of dispersing the fat throughout the product. The temperature of 
the product at time of homogenization and the pressure at which 
homogenization is accomplished will be that which accomplishes the most 
desired results in the finished products.



Sec. 58.921   Concentration.

    Concentrating by evaporation shall be accomplished with a minimum of 
chemical change in the product. The equipment and systems used shall in 
no way contaminate or adversely affect the desirability of the finished 
product.



Sec. 58.922   Thermal processing.

    The destruction of living organisms shall be performed in one of the 
following methods: (a) The complete in-container method, by heating the 
container and contents to a range of 212  deg.F to 280  deg.F for a 
sufficient time; (b) by a continuous flow process at or above 280  deg.F 
for at least 2 seconds, then packaged aseptically; (c) the product is 
first processed according to methods as in paragraph (b) of this 
section, then packaged and given further heat treatment to complete the 
process.



Sec. 58.923   Filling containers.

    (a) The filling of small containers with product shall be done in a 
sanitary manner. The containers shall not contaminate or detract from 
the quality of the product in any way. After filling, the container 
shall be hermetically sealed.
    (b) Bulk containers for the product shall be suitable and adequate 
to protect the product in storage or transit. The bulk container 
(including bulk tankers) shall be cleaned and sanitized before filling, 
and filled and closed in a sanitary manner.



Sec. 58.924   Aseptic filling.

    A previously ultra pasteurized product shall be filled under 
conditions which prevent contamination of the product by living 
organisms or spores. The containers prior to being filled shall be 
sterilized and maintained, in a sterile condition. The containers shall 
be sealed in a manner that prevents contamination of the product.



Sec. 58.925   Sweetened condensed.

    After condensing, the sweetened condensed product should be cooled 
rapidly to about 85  deg.F to induce crystallization of the 
oversaturated lactose. When the desired crystallization is reached 
further cooling is resumed to 68 deg.-70  deg.F.

[[Page 163]]



Sec. 58.926   Heat stability.

    Prior to thermal processing of concentrated products and where 
stabilizers are allowed, tests should be made on the heat stability of 
the product to determine necessity for, and the amount of stabilizer 
needed. Based on the stability tests, safe and suitable stabilizers and 
emulsifiers may be added.



Sec. 58.927   Storage.

    Finished products which are to be held more than 30 days should be 
stored at temperatures below 72  deg.F Precautions shall be taken to 
prevent freezing of the product.



Sec. 58.928   Quality control tests.

    All dairy products and other ingredients shall be subject to 
inspection for quality and condition throughout each processing 
operation. Quality control tests shall be made on flow samples as often 
as is necessary to check the effectiveness of processing and 
manufacturing and as an aid in correcting deficiencies. Routine analyses 
shall be made on raw materials and finished products to assure adequate 
composition control. For each batch or production run a keeping quality 
test shall be made to determine product stability.



Sec. 58.929   Frequency of sampling for quality control.

    (a) Composition. Sampling and testing for composition shall be made 
on batches of product as often as is necessary to control composition. 
On continuous production runs, enough samples shall be taken throughout 
the run to adequately assure composition requirements.
    (b) Other chemical analysis or physical analysis. Such tests shall 
be performed as often as is necessary to assure compliance with 
standards, specifications or contract requirements.
    (c) Weight or volume control. Representative samples of the packaged 
products shall be checked during the filling operation to assure 
compliance with the stated net weight or volume on the container.
    (d) Keeping quality and stability. A minimum of one sample from each 
batch of product or one representative sample per hour from a continuous 
production run shall be taken. For continuous runs, samples shall be 
taken at the start, each hour, and at the end of the run. Samples should 
also be taken after resumption of processing following an interruption 
in continuous operation. Each sample shall be incubated at 90  deg.F to 
100  deg.F for seven days.



Sec. 58.930   Official test methods.

    (a) Chemical. Chemical analysis, except where otherwise prescribed 
herein, shall be made in accordance with the methods described in the 
latest edition of Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC or by the 
latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy 
Products.
    (b) Microbiological. Microbiological determinations shall be made in 
accordance with the methods described in the latest edition of Standard 
Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products.



Sec. 58.931   General identification.

    Bulk shipping containers shall be legibly marked with the name of 
the product, net weight, name and address of manufacturer, processor or 
distributor, a lot number and coded date of manufacture. Consumer sized 
containers shall meet the applicable regulations of the Food and Drug 
Administration.

                Quality Specifications for Raw Materials



Sec. 58.932   Milk.

    The raw milk shall meet the requirements as outlined in Secs. 58.132 
through 58.138. Unless processed within two hours after being received, 
it shall be cooled to, and held at a temperature of 45  deg.F or lower 
until processed.



Sec. 58.933   Stabilizers.

    Shall be those permitted by the Food and Drug Administration's 
``Standards of Identity'' as optional ingredients for specific products. 
Stabilizers shall be free from extraneous material, be of food grade 
quality and not be in violation of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic 
Act.



Sec. 58.934   Sugars.

    Any sugar used in the manufacture of sweetened condensed or 
sterilized milk

[[Page 164]]

products shall be refined, and of food grade quality.



Sec. 58.935   Chocolate and cocoa.

    Such products used as flavor ingredients shall meet the requirements 
of the Food and Drug Administration, ``Definitions and Standards of 
Identity for Cocoa Products.''

 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing USDA Official Identification



Sec. 58.936   Milk.

    To process and package evaporated and condensed milk of ultra-
pasteurized dairy products eligible for official identification with the 
USDA Quality Approved Inspection Shield the raw incoming milk shall meet 
the requirements as outlined in Secs. 58.132 through 58.136. Unless 
processed within two hours after being received, it shall be cooled to, 
and held at a temperature of 45  deg.F or lower until processed.



Sec. 58.937   Physical requirements for evaporated milk.

    (a) Flavor. The product shall possess a sweet, pleasing and 
desirable flavor with not more than a definite cooked flavor. It shall 
be free from scorched, oxidized or other objectionable tastes and odors.
    (b) Body and texture. The product shall be of uniform consistency 
and appearance. It shall be smooth and free from fat separation, lumps, 
clots, gel formation, coarse milk solids precipitate or sedimentation 
and extraneous material.
    (c) Color. The color shall be of a natural white or light cream.
    (d) Degree of burn-on. The interior walls of the container shall not 
show excessive burn-on of product (product fused to more than 75 percent 
of the inner surface of the can).
    (e) Keeping quality. Samples incubated at 90-100  deg.F shall show 
no sensory, chemical or microbiological deterioration after seven days.



Sec. 58.938   Physical requirements and microbiological limits for sweetened condensed milk.

    (a) Flavor. Shall be sweet, clean, and free from rancid, oxidized, 
scorched, fermented, stale or other objectionable tastes and odors.
    (b) Color. Shall be white to light cream.
    (c) Texture. Shall be smooth and uniform, free from lumps or coarse 
graininess. There shall not be sufficient settling of the lactose to 
cause a deposit on the bottom of the container.
    (d) Body. Shall be sufficiently viscous so that the product upon 
being poured at room temperature piles up above the surface of that 
previously poured, but does not retain a definite form.
    (e) Microbiological limits. (1) Coliforms, less than 10 per gram; 
(2) yeasts, less than 5 per gram; (3) molds, less than 5 per gram; (4) 
total plate count, less than 1,000 per gram.
    (f) Keeping quality. Samples incubated at 90-100  deg.F shall show 
no physical evidence of deterioration after seven days.
    (g) Composition. Shall meet the minimum requirements as set forth in 
the ``Standards of Identity for Milk and Cream,'' Food and Drug 
Administration (21 CFR 18.530).\1\ In addition, the quantity of refined 
sugar used shall be sufficient to give a sugar-in-water ratio of not 
less than 61.5 percent.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\21 CFR parts 18 and 19 were redesignated as parts 131 and 133, 
respectively, at 42 FR 14302, Mar. 15, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (h) Sediment. The amount of sediment retained on a lintine disc 
after a sample composed of 225 grams of product dissolved in 500 ml. of 
140  deg.F water has passed through it, shall not exceed 0.10 mg. as 
indicated by the USDA Sediment Standard for Milk and Milk Products (7 
CFR 58.2726).



                        Subparts C-H--[Reserved]



  Subpart I--United States Standards for Grades of Monterey (Monterey 
                           Jack) Cheese 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to 
comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

    Source: 61 FR 15876, April 10, 1996, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 165]]

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.2465  Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese.

    Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese is cheese made by the monterey 
process or by any other procedure which produces a finished cheese 
having the same organoleptic, physical, and chemical properties as the 
cheese produced by the monterey process. The cheese is made from 
pasteurized cow's milk. It may contain added common salt and contains 
not more than 44 percent moisture, its total solids content is not less 
than 50 percent milkfat, and it conforms to the applicable provisions of 
21 CFR Part 133, ``Cheeses and Related Cheese Products,'' as issued by 
the Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.2466  Types of surface protection.

    The following are the types of surface protection for monterey 
(monterey jack) cheese:
    (a) Rinded and paraffin-dipped.
    The cheese that has formed a rind is dipped in a refined paraffin, 
amorphous wax, microcrystalline wax, or other suitable substance. Such 
coating is a continuous, unbroken, and uniform film adhering tightly to 
the entire surface of the cheese rind.
    (b) Rindless.
    (1) Wrapped. The cheese is completely enveloped in a tight-fitting 
wrapper or other protective covering, which is sealed with sufficient 
overlap or satisfactory closure. The wrapper or covering shall not 
impart color or objectionable taste or odor to the cheese. The wrapper 
or covering shall be of sufficiently low permeability to air so as to 
prevent the formation of a rind.
    (2) Paraffin-dipped. The cheese is dipped in a refined paraffin, 
amorphous wax, microcrystalline wax, or other suitable substance. The 
paraffin shall be applied so that it is continuous, unbroken, and 
uniformly adheres tightly to the entire surface. If a wrapper or coating 
is applied to the cheese prior to paraffin dipping, it shall completely 
envelop the cheese and not impart color or objectionable taste or odor 
to the cheese.
    (c) If antimycotics are used, they shall be used in accordance with 
the provisions of Food and Drug Administration regulations (21 CFR Part 
133).

                               U.S. Grades



Sec. 58.2467  Nomenclature of U.S. grades.

    The nomenclature of U.S. grades is as follows:
    (a) U.S. Grade AA.
    (b) U.S. Grade A.
    (c) U.S. Grade B.



Sec. 58.2468  Basis for determination of U.S. grade.

    (a) The cheese shall be graded no sooner than 10 days of age.
    (b) The rating of each quality factor shall be established on the 
basis of characteristics present in any vat of cheese.
    (c) The U.S. grades of monterey (monterey jack) cheese are 
determined on the basis of rating the following quality factors:
    (1) Flavor.
    (2) Body and Texture.
    (3) Color.
    (4) Finish and Appearance.
    (d) The final U.S. grade shall be determined on the basis of the 
lowest rating of any one of the quality factors.



Sec. 58.2469  Specifications for U.S. grades.

    The general requirements for the U.S. Grades of Monterey (Monterey 
Jack) Cheese are as follows:
    (a) U.S. Grade AA. U.S. Grade AA Monterey (Monterey Jack) Cheese 
shall conform to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, III, and 
IV of this section):
    (1) Flavor. The cheese shall possess a fine and highly pleasing 
monterey (monterey jack) cheese flavor which is free from undesirable 
tastes and odors; or may be lacking in flavor development. The cheese 
may possess a very slight acid or feed flavor. See Table I of this 
section.
    (2) Body and Texture. A plug drawn from the cheese shall be 
reasonably firm. Dependent upon the method of manufacture, a 
satisfactory plug may exhibit evenly distributed small mechanical 
openings or a close body. The cheese shall be free from sweet holes, 
yeast holes, or other gas holes. The body may be very slightly weak, and

[[Page 166]]

the texture may be definitely curdy. See Table II of this section.
    (3) Color. The color shall be natural, uniform, and bright. See 
Table III of this section.
    (4) Finish and appearance.
    (i) Rinded and paraffin-dipped. The bandage shall be evenly placed 
over the entire surface of the cheese and be free from unnecessary 
overlapping and wrinkles, and not burst or torn. The rind shall be 
sound, firm, smooth, and provide good protection to the cheese. The 
surface shall be smooth, bright, and have a good coating of wax or 
coating of paraffin that adheres firmly to all surfaces. The cheese 
shall be free from mold under the paraffin. The cheese shall be free 
from high edges, huffing, or lopsidedness, but may possess soiled 
surface to a very slight degree. See Table IV of this section.
    (ii) Rindless and wrapped. The wrapper or covering shall be 
practically smooth and properly sealed with adequate overlapping at the 
seams or sealed by any other satisfactory type of closure. The wrapper 
or covering shall be neat and shall adequately and securely envelop the 
cheese, but may be slightly wrinkled. Allowance should be made for 
slight wrinkles caused by crimping or sealing when vacuum packaging is 
used. The cheese shall be free from mold under the wrapper or covering 
and shall not be huffed or lopsided. See Table IV of this section.
    (iii) Rindless and paraffin-dipped. The cheese surface shall be 
smooth, bright, and have a good coating of paraffin that adheres firmly. 
If a wrapper or coating is applied prior to paraffin dipping, it shall 
completely envelop the cheese. The cheese shall be free from high edges, 
huffing, lopsidedness, or mold. The cheese may possess soiled surface to 
a very slight degree. The wrapper may be wrinkled to a slight degree. 
See Table IV of this section.
    (b) U.S. Grade A. U.S. Grade A Monterey (Monterey Jack) Cheese shall 
conform to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, III, and IV of 
this section):
    (1) Flavor. The cheese shall possess a pleasing monterey (monterey 
jack) cheese flavor which is free from undesirable tastes and odors; or 
may be lacking in flavor development. The cheese may possess bitter or 
flat flavor to a very slight degree; and acid or feed flavor to a slight 
degree. See Table I of this section.
    (2) Body and texture. A plug drawn from the cheese shall be 
reasonably firm. Dependent upon the method of manufacture, a 
satisfactory plug may exhibit evenly distributed mechanical openings or 
a close body. The plug shall be free from sweet holes, yeast holes, or 
other gas holes. The body and texture may be very slightly weak or 
loosely knit, and definitely curdy. See Table II of this section.
    (3) Color. The color shall be natural, fairly uniform, and bright. 
The cheese may possess waviness to a very slight degree. See Table III 
of this section.
    (4) Finish and appearance.
    (i) Rinded and paraffin-dipped. The bandage shall be evenly placed 
over the entire surface of the cheese and not be burst or torn. The rind 
shall be sound, firm, smooth, and provide good protection to the cheese. 
The surface shall be practically smooth, bright, and have a good coating 
of paraffin that adheres firmly to all surfaces. The cheese shall be 
free from mold under the paraffin. The cheese may possess the following 
characteristics to a very slight degree: Soiled surface or surface mold; 
and to a slight degree: High edges, irregular press cloth, lopsided, or 
rough surface. See Table IV of this section.
    (ii) Rindless and wrapped. The wrapper or covering shall be 
practically smooth, properly sealed with adequate overlapping at the 
seams or sealed by any other satisfactory type of closure. The wrapper 
or covering shall be neat and adequately and securely envelop the cheese 
but may be slightly wrinkled. Allowance should be made for slight 
wrinkles caused by crimping or sealing when vacuum packaging is used. 
The cheese shall be free from mold under the wrapper or covering and 
shall not be huffed but may possess to a slight degree: High edges, 
irregular press cloth, lopsided, or rough surface. See Table IV of this 
section.
    (iii) Rindless and paraffin-dipped. The cheese surface shall be 
bright and have a good coating of paraffin that adheres firmly. If a 
wrapper or coating is applied prior to paraffin dipping, it shall 
completely envelop the cheese and

[[Page 167]]

have a good coating of paraffin that adheres firmly. The cheese may 
possess soiled surface to a very slight degree but shall be free from 
mold, and it may possess to a slight degree: High edges, irregular press 
cloth, lopsided, rough surface, or wrinkled wrapper or covering. See 
Table IV of this section.
    (c) U.S. Grade B. U.S. Grade B Monterey (Monterey Jack) Cheese shall 
conform to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, III, and IV of 
this section):
    (1) Flavor. The cheese may possess a fairly pleasing monterey 
(monterey jack) cheese flavor; or it may be lacking in flavor 
development. The cheese may possess onion or sour flavor to a very 
slight degree; barny, bitter, flat, fruity, malty, old milk, rancid, 
utensil, weedy, whey-taint, or yeasty flavor to a slight degree; and 
acid or feed flavor to a definite degree. See Table I of this section.
    (2) Body and texture. A plug drawn from the cheese shall be 
moderately firm. Dependent upon the method of manufacture, a 
satisfactory plug may exhibit mechanical openings or a close body. The 
cheese may possess the following characteristics to a slight degree: 
Coarse, corky, crumbly, gassy, loosely knit, mealy, pasty, short, 
slitty, sweet holes, or weak; and the following to a definite degree: 
Curdy. See Table II of this section.
    (3) Color. The cheese may possess the following characteristics to a 
slight degree: Acid-cut, dull, faded, mottled, salt spots, unnatural, or 
wavy. In addition, rindless monterey cheese may have a bleached surface 
to a slight degree. See Table III of this section.
    (4) Finish and appearance.
    (i) Rinded and paraffin-dipped. The bandage shall be placed over the 
entire surface of the cheese and may be uneven and wrinkled, but not 
burst or torn. The rind shall be reasonably sound and free from soft 
spots, rind rot, cracks, or openings of any kind. The surface may be 
rough and unattractive but shall possess a fairly good coating of 
paraffin. The paraffin may be scaly or blistered, with very slight mold 
under the bandage or paraffin, but there shall be no indication that 
mold has entered the cheese. The cheese may possess the following 
characteristics to a slight degree: Checked rind, defective coating, 
soiled surface, sour rind, surface mold, or weak rind; and to a definite 
degree: High edges, irregular press cloth, lopsided, or rough surface. 
See Table IV of this section.
    (ii) Rindless and wrapped. The wrapper or covering shall be unbroken 
and shall adequately and securely envelop the cheese. The following may 
be present to a very slight degree: Mold under the wrapper but not 
entering the cheese; to a slight degree: Soiled surface or surface mold; 
and to a definite degree: High edges, irregular press cloth, lopsided, 
rough surface, or wrinkled wrapper or cover. See Table IV of this 
section.
    (iii) Rindless and paraffin-dipped. The wrapper or coating applied 
prior to paraffin dipping shall adequately and securely envelop the 
cheese and have a coating of paraffin that adheres firmly to the cheese 
wrapper and shall be unbroken but may be definitely wrinkled. The 
paraffin may be scaly or blistered, with very slight mold under the 
paraffin, but there shall be no indication that mold has entered the 
cheese. The cheese may possess the following characteristics to a slight 
degree: Defective coating, soiled surface, or surface mold; and the 
following to a definite degree: High edges, irregular press cloth, 
lopsided, rough surface, or wrinkled wrapper or covering. See Table IV 
of this section.

                         Table I--Classification of Flavor With Corresponding U.S. Grade                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Flavor characteristics                    AA                        A                        B           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acid................................  VS                        S                        D                      
Barny...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Bitter..............................  -                         VS                       S                      
Feed................................  VS                        S                        D                      
Flat................................  -                         VS                       S                      
Fruity..............................  -                         -                        S                      
Malty...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Old milk............................  -                         -                        S                      
Onion...............................  -                         -                        VS                     

[[Page 168]]

                                                                                                                
Rancid..............................  -                         -                        S                      
Sour................................  -                         -                        VS                     
Utensil.............................  -                         -                        S                      
Weedy...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Whey-taint..........................  -                         -                        S                      
Yeasty..............................  -                         -                        S                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted VS = Very Slight S = Slight D = Definite.                                                     


                   Table II--Classification of Body and Texture With Corresponding U.S. Grade                   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Body and texture characteristics               AA                        A                        B           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Coarse..............................  -                         -                        S                      
Corky...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Crumbly.............................  -                         -                        S                      
Curdy...............................  D                         D                        D                      
Gassy...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Loosely knit........................  -                         VS                       S                      
Mealy...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Pasty...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Short...............................  -                         -                        S                      
Slitty..............................  -                         -                        S                      
Sweet holes.........................  -                         -                        S                      
Weak................................  VS                        VS                       S                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted VS = Very Slight S = Slight D = Definite.                                                     


                        Table III--Classification of Color With Corresponding U.S. Grade                        
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Color characteristics                    AA                        A                        B           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acid-cut............................  -                         -                        S                      
Bleached surface (rindless).........  -                         -                        S                      
Dull or faded.......................  -                         -                        S                      
Mottled.............................  -                         -                        S                      
Salt spots..........................  -                         -                        S                      
Unnatural...........................  -                         -                        S                      
Wavy................................  -                         VS                       S                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted VS = Very Slight S = Slight D = Definite.                                                     


                 Table IV--Classification of Finish and Appearance With Corresponding U.S. Grade                
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Finish and appearance                                                                                   
           characteristics                       AA                        A                        B           
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rindless:                                                                                                       
    Defective coating (paraffin-      -                         -                        S                      
     dipped: scaly, blistered, and                                                                              
     checked)..                                                                                                 
    High edges......................  -                         S                        D                      
    Irregular press cloth (uneven,    -                         S                        D                      
     wrinkled, and improper                                                                                     
     overlapping).                                                                                              
    Lopsided........................  -                         S                        D                      
    Mold under wrapper or covering..  -                         -                        VS                     
    Rough surface...................  -                         S                        D                      
    Soiled surface..................  -                         -                        S                      
    Soiled surface (paraffin-dipped)  VS                        VS                       S                      
    Surface mold....................  -                         -                        S                      
    Wrinkled wrapper or covering....  S                         S                        D                      
Rinded:                                                                                                         
    Checked rind....................  -                         -                        S                      
    Defective coating (scaly,         -                         -                        S                      
     blistered, and checked).                                                                                   
    High edges......................  -                         S                        D                      
    Irregular press cloth (uneven,    -                         S                        D                      
     wrinkled, and improper                                                                                     
     overlapping).                                                                                              
    Lopsided........................  -                         S                        D                      
    Mold under paraffin.............  -                         -                        VS                     
    Rough surface...................  -                         S                        D                      
    Soiled surface..................  VS                        VS                       S                      
    Sour rind.......................  -                         -                        S                      
    Surface mold....................  -                         VS                       S                      
    Weak rind.......................  -                         -                        S                      
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted VS = Very Slight S = Slight D = Definite.                                                     


[[Page 169]]



Sec. 58.2470  U.S. grade not assignable.

    Monterey (Monterey Jack) cheese shall not be assigned a U.S. grade 
for one or more of the following reasons:
    (a) The cheese fails to meet or exceed the requirements for U.S. 
Grade B.
    (b) The cheese is produced in a plant that is rated ineligible for 
USDA grading service or is not USDA-approved.

                          Explanation of terms



Sec. 58.2471  Explanation of terms.

    (a) With respect to types of surface protection:
    (1) Paraffin. Refined paraffin, amorphous wax, microcrystalline wax, 
or any combination of such or any other suitable substance.
    (2) Paraffin dipped. Cheese that has been coated with paraffin.
    (3) Rind. A hard coating caused by the dehydration of the surface of 
the cheese.
    (4) Rinded. A protection developed by the formation of a rind.
    (5) Rindless. Cheese which has not formed a rind due to the 
impervious type of wrapper, covering, or container, enclosing the 
cheese.
    (6) Wrapped. Cheese that has been covered with a transparent or 
opaque material (plastic film type or foil) next to the surface of the 
cheese.
    (7) Wrapper or covering. A plastic film or foil material next to the 
surface of the cheese, used as an enclosure or covering of the cheese.
    (b) With respect to flavor:
    (1) Very slight. Detected only upon very critical examination.
    (2) Slight. Detected only upon critical examination.
    (3) Definite. Not intense but detectable.
    (4) Undesirable. Those listed in excess of the intensity permitted 
or those characterizing flavors not listed.
    (5) Acid. Sharp and puckery to the taste, characteristic of lactic 
acid.
    (6) Barny. A flavor characteristic of the odor of a poorly 
ventilated cow barn.
    (7) Bitter. Distasteful, similar to the taste of quinine.
    (8) Feed. Feed flavors (such as alfalfa, sweetclover, silage, or 
similar feed) in milk which have carried through into the cheese.
    (9) Flat. Insipid, practically devoid of any characteristic monterey 
(monterey jack) cheese flavor.
    (10) Fruity. A fermented, sweet, fruit-like flavor resembling 
apples.
    (11) Lacking in flavor development. No undesirable and very little, 
if any, monterey (monterey jack) cheese flavor development.
    (12) Malty. A distinctive, harsh flavor suggestive of malt.
    (13) Old milk. Lacks freshness.
    (14) Onion. A flavor recognized by the peculiar taste and aroma 
suggestive of its name. Present in milk or cheese when the cows have 
eaten onions, garlic, or leeks.
    (15) Rancid. A flavor suggestive of rancidity or butyric acid; 
sometimes associated with bitterness.
    (16) Sour. An acid, pungent flavor resembling vinegar.
    (17) Utensil. A flavor that is suggestive of improper or inadequate 
washing and sterilization of milking machines, utensils, or factory 
equipment.
    (18) Weedy. A flavor present in cheese when cows have eaten weedy 
hay or grazed on weed-infested pasture.
    (19) Whey-taint. A slightly acid flavor characteristic of fermented 
whey.
    (20) Yeasty. A flavor indicating yeast fermentation.
    (c) With respect to body and texture:
    (1) Very slight. Detected only upon very critical examination and 
present only to a minute degree.
    (2) Slight. Barely identifiable and present only to a small degree.
    (3) Definite. Readily identifiable and present to a substantial 
degree.
    (4) Coarse. Feels rough, dry, and sandy.
    (5) Corky. Hard, tough, over-firm cheese which does not readily 
break down when rubbed between the thumb and fingers.
    (6) Crumbly. Tends to fall apart when rubbed between the thumb and 
fingers.
    (7) Curdy. Smooth but firm; when worked between the fingers is 
rubbery and not waxy or broken down.
    (8) Firm. Feels solid, not soft or weak.
    (9) Gassy. Gas holes of various sizes and may be scattered.
    (10) Loosely knit. Curd particles which are not well-matted and 
fused together.
    (11) Mealy. Short body, does not mold well and looks and feels like 
corn meal

[[Page 170]]

when rubbed between the thumb and fingers.
    (12) Mechanical openings. Irregular shaped openings that are caused 
by variations in make procedure and not caused by gas fermentation.
    (13) Pasty. Is usually a weak body and when the cheese is rubbed 
between the thumb and fingers becomes sticky and smeary.
    (14) Pinny. Numerous very small gas holes.
    (15) Reasonably firm. Somewhat less firm but not to the extent of 
being weak.
    (16) Short. No elasticity in the cheese plug and when rubbed between 
the thumb and fingers, the cheese tends toward mealiness.
    (17) Slitty. Narrow, elongated slits generally associated with a 
cheese that is gassy or yeasty. These slits may sometimes be referred to 
as ``fish-eyes.''
    (18) Sweet holes. Spherical gas holes which are glossy in appearance 
and usually about the size of BB shots. These gas holes are sometimes 
referred to as ``shot holes.''
    (19) Weak. The cheese plug is soft but is not necessarily sticky 
like a pasty cheese and requires little pressure to crush.
    (d) With respect to color:
    (1) Very slight. Detected only upon very critical examination and 
present only to a minute degree.
    (2) Slight. Barely identifiable and present only to a small degree.
    (3) Acid-cut. A bleached or faded color which sometimes varies 
throughout the cheese and appears most often around mechanical openings.
    (4) Bleached surface. A faded color beginning at the surface and 
progressing inward.
    (5) Dull or faded. A color condition lacking in luster or 
translucency.
    (6) Mottled. Irregular shaped spots or blotches in which portions 
are not uniform in color. Also an unevenness of color due to combining 
the curd from two different vats, sometimes referred to as ``mixed 
curd.''
    (7) Natural. White to light cream in color.
    (8) Salt spots. Large light-colored spots or areas.
    (9) Unnatural. Any color which is not white to light cream.
    (10) Wavy. An unevenness of color which appears as layers or waves.
    (e) With respect to finish and appearance:
    (1) Very slight. Detected only upon very critical examination and 
present to a minute degree.
    (2) Slight. Barely identifiable and present to a small degree.
    (3) Definite. Readily identifiable and present to a substantial 
degree.
    (4) Adequately and securely enveloped. The wrapper or covering is 
properly sealed and entirely encloses the cheese with sufficient 
adherence to the surface of the cheese to protect it from contamination 
or dehydration.
    (5) Bandage. Cheese cloth used to wrap cheese prior to dipping in 
paraffin.
    (6) Bandage evenly placed. Placement of the bandage so that it 
completely envelops the cheese and overlaps evenly about one inch.
    (7) Bright surface. Clean, glossy surface.
    (8) Burst or torn bandage. A severance of the bandage usually 
occurring at the side seam; or when the bandage is otherwise snagged or 
broken.
    (9) Checked rind. Numerous small cracks or breaks in the rind which 
sometimes follows the outline of curd particles.
    (10) Defective coating. A brittle coating of paraffin that breaks 
and peels off in the form of scales or flakes; flat or raised blisters 
or bubbles under the surface of the paraffin; checked paraffin, 
including cracks, breaks or hairline checks in the paraffin or coating 
of the cheese.
    (11) Firm sound rind. A rind possessing a firmness and thickness 
(not easily dented or damaged) consistent with the size of the cheese 
and which is dry, smooth, and closely knit, sufficient to protect the 
interior quality from external defects; free from checks, cracks, 
breaks, or soft spots.
    (12) High edge. A rim or ridge on the side of the cheese.
    (13) Huffed. A block of cheese which is swollen because of gas 
fermentation. The cheese becomes rounded or oval in shape instead of 
having flat surfaces.

[[Page 171]]

    (14) Irregular press cloth. Press cloth improperly placed in the 
hoop resulting in too much press cloth on one end and insufficient on 
the other causing overlapping; wrinkled and loose fitting.
    (15) Lopsided. One side of the cheese is higher than the other side.
    (16) Mold under bandage and paraffin. Mold spots or areas under the 
paraffin.
    (17) Mold under wrapper or covering. Mold spots or areas under the 
wrapper or covering.
    (18) Rind rot. Soft spots on the rind that have become discolored 
and are decayed or decomposed.
    (19) Rough Surface. Lacks smoothness.
    (20) Smooth surface. Not rough or uneven.
    (21) Soft spots. Areas soft to the touch and which are usually faded 
and moist.
    (22) Soiled surface. Milkstone, rust spots, or other discoloration 
on the surface of the cheese.
    (23) Sour rind. A fermented rind condition, usually confined to the 
faces of the cheese.
    (24) Surface mold. Mold on the exterior of the paraffin or wrapper.
    (25) Wax or paraffin that adheres firmly to the surface of the 
cheese. A coating with no cracks, breaks, or loose areas.
    (26) Weak rind. A thin rind which possesses little or no resistance 
to pressure.



                         Subpart J-K--[Reserved]



Subpart L--United States Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk (Spray 
                             Process) 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \\ Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to comply 
with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

    Source: 61 FR 17548, Apr. 22, 1996, unless otherwise noted.

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.2525   Nonfat dry milk.

    (a) Nonfat dry milk is the product obtained by the removal of only 
water from pasteurized skim milk. It contains not more than 5 percent by 
weight of moisture and not more than 1\1/2\ percent by weight of milkfat 
and it conforms to the applicable provisions of 21 CFR part 131 ``Milk 
and Cream'' as issued by the Food and Drug Administration. Nonfat dry 
milk covered by these standards shall not contain nor be derived from 
dry buttermilk, dry whey, or products other than skim milk, and shall 
not contain any added preservative, neutralizing agent, or other 
chemical.
    (b) [Reserved].

                               U.S. Grades



Sec. 58.2526   Nomenclature of U.S. grades.

    The nomenclature of U.S. grades is as follows:
    (a) U.S. Extra.
    (b) U.S. Standard.



Sec. 58.2527   Basis for determination of U.S. grade.

    (a) The U.S. grade of nonfat dry milk is determined on the basis of 
flavor, physical appearance, bacterial estimate on the basis of standard 
plate count, milkfat content, moisture content, scorched particle 
content, solubility index, and titratable acidity.
    (b) The final U.S. grade shall be established on the basis of the 
lowest rating of any one of the quality factors.



Sec. 58.2528   Specifications for U.S. grades.

    (a) U.S. Extra Grade. U.S. Extra Grade nonfat dry milk shall conform 
to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, and III of this 
section):
    (1) Flavor. Reconstituted nonfat dry milk shall possess a sweet, 
pleasing, and desirable flavor, but may possess the following flavors to 
a slight degree: Chalky, cooked, feed, or flat. See Table I of this 
section.
    (2) Physical appearance. Nonfat dry milk shall possess a uniform 
white to light cream natural color. It shall be free from lumps, except 
those that readily break up with slight pressure, and be practically 
free from visible dark particles.
    The reconstituted product shall be free from graininess. See Table 
II of this section.
    (3) Bacterial estimate. Not more than 40,000 per gram standard plate 
count. See Table III of this section.
    (4) Milkfat content. Not more than 1.25 percent. See Table III of 
this section.

[[Page 172]]

    (5) Moisture content. Not more than 4.0 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (6) Scorched particle content. Not more than 15.0 mg. See Table III 
of this section.
    (7) Solubility index. Not more than 1.2 ml., except that product 
classified as U.S. High-heat may have not more than 2.0 ml. See Table 
III of this section.
    (8) Titratable acidity. Not more than 0.15 percent (lactic acid). 
See Table III of this section.
    (b) U.S. Standard Grade. U.S. Standard Grade nonfat dry milk shall 
conform to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, and III of this 
section):
    (1) Flavor. Reconstituted nonfat dry milk shall possess a fairly 
pleasing flavor, but may possess the following flavors to a slight 
degree: Bitter, oxidized, scorched, storage, or utensil; the following 
to a definite degree: Chalky, cooked, feed, or flat. See Table I of this 
section.
    (2) Physical appearance. Nonfat dry milk may possess a slight 
unnatural color. It shall be free from lumps, except those that break 
readily under moderate pressure, and be reasonably free from visible 
dark particles. The reconstituted product shall be reasonably free from 
graininess. See Table II of this section.
    (3) Bacterial estimate. Not more than 75,000 per gram standard plate 
count. See Table III of this section.
    (4) Milkfat content. Not more than 1.50 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (5) Moisture content. Not more than 5.0 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (6) Scorched particle content. Not more than 22.5 mg. See Table III 
of this section.
    (7) Solubility index. Not more than 2.0 ml., except that product 
classified as U.S. High-heat may have not more than 2.5 ml. See Table 
III of this section.
    (8) Titratable acidity. Not more than 0.17 percent (lactic acid). 
See Table III of this section.

     Table I--Classification of Flavor With Corresponding U.S. Grade    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                         U.S. standard  
      Flavor characteristics         U.S. extra grade        grade      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bitter............................  --                 S                
Chalky............................  S                  D                
Cooked............................  S                  D                
Feed..............................  S                  D                
Flat..............................  S                  D                
Oxidized..........................  --                 S                
Scorched..........................  --                 S                
Storage...........................  --                 S                
Utensil...........................  --                 S                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted     S = Slight     D = Definite.                      


 Table II--Classification of Physical Appearance With Corresponding U.S.
                                  Grade                                 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Physical appearance                               U.S. standard  
         characteristics           U.S. extra grade          grade      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dry Product:                                                            
  Lumpy.........................  Slight............  Moderate.         
  Unnatural color...............  --                  Slight.           
  Visible dark particles........  Practically free..  Reasonably free.  
Reconstituted   Product:                                                
  Grainy........................  --                  Reasonably free.  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
- = Not permitted.                                                      


     TABLE III--Classification According to Laboratory Analysis With    
                        Corresponding U.S. Grade                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 U.S.   
                Laboratory tests                  U.S. extra   standard 
                                                     grade       grade  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacterial estimate; Standard plate count; per                           
 gram (max).....................................   40,000      75,000   
Milkfat content; percent (max)..................        1.25        1.50
Moisture content; percent (max).................        4.0         5.0 
Scorched particle content; mg (max).............       15.0        22.5 
Solubility index; ml (max)......................        1.2         2.0 
  U.S. High-heat (max)..........................        2.0         2.5 
Titratable acidity (lactic acid); percent (max).        0.15        0.17
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 58.2529   U.S. grade not assignable.

    Nonfat dry milk shall not be assigned a U.S. grade for one or more 
of the following reasons:
    (a) The nonfat dry milk fails to meet or exceed the requirements for 
U.S. Standard Grade.
    (b) The nonfat dry milk has a direct microscopic clump (DMC) count 
exceeding 100 million per gram.
    (c) The nonfat dry milk has a coliform count exceeding 10 per gram.
    (d) The nonfat dry milk is produced in a plant that is rated 
ineligible for

[[Page 173]]

USDA grading service or is not USDA- approved.



Sec. 58.2532   Test methods.

    All required tests shall be performed in accordance with DA 
Instruction No. 918-RL, ``Instruction for Resident Grading Quality 
Control Service Programs and Laboratory Analysis,'' Dairy Grading 
Branch, Dairy Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20090-6456; the latest revision of 
``Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical 
Chemists''; or the latest edition of ``Standard Methods for the 
Examination of Dairy Products'', available from the American Public 
Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW., Washington, DC 20005.

                          Explanation of Terms



Sec. 58.2537   Explanation of terms.

    (a) With respect to flavor:
    (1) Slight. Detected only upon critical examination.
    (2) Definite. Not intense but detectable.
    (3) Bitter. Distasteful, similar to the taste of quinine.
    (4) Chalky. A tactual type of flavor lacking in characteristic milk 
flavor.
    (5) Cooked. Similar to a custard flavor and imparts a smooth 
aftertaste.
    (6) Feed. Feed flavors (such as alfalfa, sweet clover, silage, or 
similar feed) in milk carried through into the nonfat dry milk.
    (7) Flat. Insipid, practically devoid of any characteristic 
reconstituted nonfat dry milk flavor.
    (8) Oxidized. A flavor resembling cardboard and sometimes referred 
to as ``cappy'' or ``tallowy''.
    (9) Scorched. A more intensified flavor than ``cooked'' and imparts 
a burnt aftertaste.
    (10) Storage. Lacking in freshness and imparting a ``stale'' 
aftertaste.
    (11) Utensil. A flavor that is suggestive of improper or inadequate 
washing and sanitation of milking machines, utensils, or manufacturing 
equipment.
    (b) With respect to physical appearance:
    (1) Practically free. Present only upon very critical examination.
    (2) Reasonably free. Present only upon critical examination.
    (3) Slight pressure. Only sufficient pressure to disintegrate the 
lumps readily.
    (4) Moderate pressure. Only sufficient pressure to disintegrate the 
lumps easily.
    (5) Grainy. Minute particles of undissolved powder appearing in a 
thin film on the surface of a glass or tumbler.
    (6) Lumpy. Loss of powdery consistency but not caked into hard 
chunks.
    (7) Natural color. A color that is white to light cream.
    (8) Unnatural color. A color that is more intense than light cream 
and is brownish, dull, or grey-like.
    (9) Visible dark particles. The presence of scorched or discolored 
specks.

   Supplement to U.S. Standards for Grades of Nonfat Dry Milk (Spray 
              Process): U.S. Heat Treatment Classification



Sec. 58.2538  Basis for obtaining heat treatment classification.

    Heat treatment classification is not a U.S. grade requirement except 
in cases when the higher solubility index specified for U.S. High-heat 
product is permitted. In all other instances, product submitted for USDA 
grading may be analyzed for heat treatment classification upon request 
and the results shown on the grading certificate. Heat treatment 
classification will be made available only upon a product graded by 
USDA.



Sec. 58.2539  Nomenclature of U.S. Heat Treatment Classification.

    The nomenclature of U.S. Heat Treatment Classification is as 
follows:
    (a) U.S. High-heat.
    (b) U.S. Medium-heat.
    (c) U.S. Low-heat.



Sec. 58.2540  Basis for determination of U.S. Heat Treatment Classification.

    The whey protein nitrogen test shall be used in determining the heat 
treatment classification as follows:
    (a) U.S. High-heat. The finished product shall not exceed 1.50 mg. 
undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of nonfat dry milk.

[[Page 174]]

    (b) U.S. Medium-heat. The finished product shall exceed 1.50 mg. 
undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of nonfat dry milk and shall 
be less than 6.00 mg. undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of 
nonfat dry milk.
    (c) U.S. Low-heat. The finished product shall be not less than 6.00 
mg. undenatured whey protein nitrogen per gram of nonfat dry milk.



Sec. 58.2541  Test method; whey protein nitrogen.

    The whey protein nitrogen test shall be performed in accordance with 
DA Instruction 918-RL, ``Instruction for Resident Grading Quality 
Control Service Programs and Laboratory Analysis,'' Dairy Grading 
Branch, Dairy Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 20090-6456, or the latest edition of 
``Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products'', available 
from the American Public Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street NW., 
Washington, DC 20005.



                         Subpart M-T--[Reserved]



  Subpart U--United States Standards for Instant Nonfat Dry Milk 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Compliance with these standards does not excuse failure to 
comply with the provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.

    Source: 61 FR 35591, July 8, 1996, unless otherwise noted.

                               Definitions



Sec. 58.2750  Instant nonfat dry milk.

    (a) Instant nonfat dry milk is nonfat dry milk which has been 
produced in such a manner as to substantially improve its dispersing and 
reconstitution characteristics over that produced by the conventional 
processes. Instant nonfat dry milk covered by these standards shall not 
contain dry buttermilk, dry whey, or products other than nonfat dry 
milk, except that lactose may be added as a processing aid during 
instantizing. The instant nonfat dry milk shall not contain any added 
preservatives, neutralizing agent, or other chemical. If lactose is 
used, the amount of lactose shall be the minimum required to produce the 
desired effect, but in no case shall the amount exceed 2.0 percent of 
the weight of the nonfat dry milk. If instant nonfat dry milk is 
fortified with vitamin A, and the product is reconstituted in accordance 
with the label directions, each quart of the reconstituted product shall 
contain 2000 International Units thereof. If instant nonfat dry milk is 
fortified with vitamin D, and the product is reconstituted in accordance 
with the label directions, each quart of the reconstituted product shall 
contain 400 International Units thereof.
    (b) Nonfat dry milk is the product obtained by the removal of only 
water from pasteurized skim milk. It contains not more than 5 percent by 
weight of moisture and not more than 1\1/2\ percent by weight of milkfat 
and it conforms to the applicable provisions or 21 CFR 131 ``Milk and 
Cream'' as issued by the Food and Drug Administration. Nonfat dry milk 
shall not contain nor be derived from dry buttermilk, dry whey, or 
products other than skim milk, and shall not contain any added 
preservative, neutralizing agent, or other chemical.

                               U.S. Grade



Sec. 58.2751  Nomenclature of the U.S. grade.

    The nomenclature of the U.S. grade is U.S. Extra.



Sec. 58.2752  Basis for determination of the U.S. grade.

    The U.S. grade of instant nonfat dry milk is determined on the basis 
of flavor, physical appearance, bacterial estimate on the basis of 
standard plate count and coliform count, milkfat content, moisture 
content, scorched particle content, solubility index, titratable 
acidity, and dispersibility.



Sec. 58.2753  Specifications for the U.S. grade.

    (a) U.S. Extra Grade. U.S. Extra Grade instant nonfat dry milk shall 
conform to the following requirements (See Tables I, II, and III of this 
section):

[[Page 175]]

    (1) Flavor. Reconstituted instant nonfat dry milk shall possess a 
sweet, pleasing, and desirable flavor, but may possess the following 
flavors to a slight degree: Chalky, cooked, feed, or flat. See Table I 
of this section.
    (2) Physical appearance. Instant nonfat dry milk shall possess a 
uniform white to light cream natural color. It shall be reasonably free-
flowing and free from lumps except those that readily break up with very 
slight pressure. See Table II of this section.
    (3) Bacterial estimate. Not more than 30,000 per gram standard plate 
count. See Table III of this section.
    (4) Coliform count. Not more than 10 per gram. See Table III of this 
section.
    (5) Milkfat content. Not more than 1.25 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (6) Moisture content. Not more than 4.5 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (7) Scorched particle content. Not more than 15.0 mg. See Table III 
of this section.
    (8) Solubility index. Not more than 1.0 ml. See Table III of this 
section.
    (9) Titratable acidity. Not more than 0.15 percent (lactic acid). 
See Table III of this section.
    (10) Dispersibility. Not less than 85.0 percent. See Table III of 
this section.
    (b) [Reserved]

           Table I of Sec.  58.2753--Classification of Flavor           
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Flavor characteristics                  U.S. extra grade     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chalky.....................................  Slight.                    
Cooked.....................................  Slight.                    
Feed.......................................  Slight.                    
Flat.......................................  Slight.                    
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Table II of Sec.  58.2753--Classification of Physical Appearance    
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Physical appearance characteristics            U.S. extra grade       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Color..................................  White to light                 
                                         cream.                         
Free flowing...........................  Reasonably.                    
Lumpy..................................  Very slight                    
                                         pressure.                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table III of Sec.  58.2753--Classification According to Laboratory   
                                Analysis                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  U.S.  
                       Laboratory tests                          extra  
                                                                 grade  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacterial estimate; Standard plate count; per gram (max).....     30,000
Coliform count; per gram (max)...............................         10
Milkfat content; percent (max)...............................       1.25
Moisture content; percent (max)..............................        4.5
Scorched particle content; mg (max)..........................       15.0
Solubility index; ml (max)...................................        1.0
Titratable acidity (lactic acid); percent (max)..............       0.15
Dispersibility; percent (min)................................       85.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 58.2754  U.S. grade not assignable.

    Instant nonfat dry milk shall not be assigned the U.S. grade for one 
or more of the following reasons:
    (a) The instant nonfat dry milk fails to meet the requirements for 
U.S. Extra Grade.
    (b) The instant nonfat dry milk has a direct microscopic clump (DMC) 
count exceeding 75 million per gram.
    (c) The instant nonfat dry milk is produced in a plant that is rated 
ineligible for USDA grading service or is not USDA-approved.



Sec. 58.2756  Test methods.

    All required tests shall be performed in accordance with DA 
Instruction No. 918-RL, ``Instruction for Resident Grading Quality 
Control Service Programs and Laboratory Analysis,'' Dairy Grading 
Branch, Dairy Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20090-6456; the latest revision of 
``Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical 
Chemists''; or the latest edition of ``Standard Methods for the 
Examination of Dairy Products'' available from the American Public 
Health Association, 1015 Fifteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.

                          Explanation of Terms



Sec. 58.2759  Explanation of terms.

    (a) With respect to flavor:
    (1) Slight. Detected only upon critical examination.
    (2) Chalky. A tactual type of flavor lacking in characteristic milk 
flavor.
    (3) Cooked. Similar to a custard flavor and imparts a smooth 
aftertaste.

[[Page 176]]

    (4) Feed. Feed flavors (such as alfalfa, sweet clover, silage, or 
similar feed) in milk carried through into the instant nonfat dry milk.
    (5) Flat. Insipid, practically devoid of any characteristic 
reconstituted instant nonfat dry milk flavor.
    (b) With respect to physical appearance:
    (1) Reasonably free-flowing. Pours in a fairly constant, uniform 
stream from the open end of a tilted container or scoop.
    (2) Very slight pressure. Lumps fall apart with only light touch.
    (3) Lumpy. Loss of powdery consistency but not caked into hard 
chunks.
    (4) Natural color. A color that is white to light cream.



                          Subpart V--[Reserved]



  Subpart W--United States Department of Agriculture Standard for Ice 
                                  Cream

    Source: 42 FR 56717, Oct. 28, 1977, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981.



Sec. 58.2825  United States Standard for ice cream.

    (a) Ice cream shall contain at least 1.6 pounds of total solids to 
the gallon, weigh not less than 4.5 pounds to the gallon, and contain 
not less than 20 percent total milk solids, constitued of not less than 
10 percent milkfat. In no case shall the content of milk solids not fat 
be less than 6 percent. Whey shall not, by weight, be more than 25 
percent of the milk solids not fat.
    (b) When one or more of the bulky optional ingredients, as approved 
by the Food and Drug Administration, are used, the weights of milk fat 
and total milk solids (excusive of such fat and solids in any malted 
milk used) are not less than 10 percent and 20 percent, respectively, of 
the remainder obtained by subtracting the weight of such optional 
ingredients, from the weight of the finished ice cream; but in no case 
is the weight of milk fat or total milk solids less than 8 percent and 
16 percent, respectively, of the weight of the finished ice cream. In 
calculating the reduction of milk fat and total milk solids from the use 
of bulky optional ingredients, chocolate and cocoa solids used shall be 
considered the bulky ingredients. In order to make allowance for 
additional sweetening ingredients needed when bulky ingredients are 
used, the weight of chocolate or cocoa solids may be multiplied by 2.5; 
the weight of fruit or nuts used may be multiplied by 1.4; and the 
weight of partially or wholly dried fruits or fruit juices may be 
multiplied by appropriate factors to obtain the original weights before 
drying and this weight multiplied by 1.4 The finished ice cream contains 
not less than 1.6 pounds to the gallon; except that when the optional 
ingredient microcrystalline cellulose is used, the finished ice cream 
contains not less than 1.6 pounds of total solids to the gallon and 
weighs not less than 4.5 pounds to the gallon exclusive, in both cases, 
of the weight of the microcrystalline cellulose.
    (c) Optional characterizing ingredients, optional sweetening 
ingredients, stabilizers, and emulsifiers as approved by the Food and 
Drug Administration may be used.



Sec. 58.2826  General identification.

    Consumer packaged product shall comply with the applicable labeling 
regulations of the Food and Drug Administration.



Sec. 58.2827  Official identification.

    (a) The official symbol to be used to identify product meeting the 
USDA standard for ice cream shall be as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.017

    (b) Ice cream manufacturing plants using this symbol shall be USDA 
approved as set forth in subpart B of this regulation, and the ice cream 
bearing the symbol shall be manufactured under continuous resident or 
continuous nonresident USDA inspection service in accordance with 
subpart A of this regulation. The dairy ingredients

[[Page 177]]

used in such ice cream shall come from USDA approved plants.



PART 59--INSPECTION OF EGGS AND EGG PRODUCTS (EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT)--Table of Contents




                               Definitions

Sec.
59.1  Meaning of words.
59.5  Terms defined.

                             Administration

59.10  Authority.
59.13  Federal and State cooperation.
59.17  Nondiscrimination.
59.18  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.

                           Scope of Inspection

59.20  Inspection in accordance with methods prescribed or approved.
59.22  Basis of service.
59.24  Egg products plants requiring continuous inspection.
59.26  Egg products entering or prepared in official plants.
59.28  Other inspections.

                      Relation to Other Authorities

59.30  At official plants.
59.35  Eggs and egg products outside official plants.

            Eggs and Egg Products Not Intended for Human Food

59.40  Continuous inspection not provided.
59.45  Prohibition on eggs and egg products not intended for use as 
          human food.

                               Exemptions

59.100  Specific exemptions.
59.105  Suspension or termination of exemptions.

                         Performance of Service

59.110  Licensed inspectors.
59.112  Suspension of license or authority; revocation.
59.114  Surrender of license.
59.116  Activities of inspectors.
59.118  Identification.
59.119  Political activity.
59.120  Financial interest of inspectors.
59.122  Time of inspection.
59.124  Schedule of operation of official plants.
59.126  Overtime inspection service.
59.128  Holiday inspection service.
59.130  Basis of billing plants.
59.132  Access to plants.
59.134  Accessibility of product.
59.136  Facilities and equipment to be furnished by official plants for 
          use of inspectors in performing service.

                         Application for Service

59.140  How application shall be made.
59.142  Filing of application.
59.144  Authority of applicant.
59.146  Application for continuous inspection in official plants; 
          approval.
59.148  Order of service.

                         Inauguration of Service

59.150  Official plant numbers.
59.155  Inauguration of service.

                            Denial of Service

59.160  Refusal, suspension, or withdrawal of service.
59.161  Termination of plant approval.

Records and Related Requirements for Eggs and Egg Products Handlers and 
                           Related Industries

59.200  Records and related requirements.
59.220  Information and assistance to be furnished to inspectors.

                        Administrative Detention

59.240  Detaining product.

                   Appeal of an Inspection or Decision

59.300  Who may request an appeal inspection or review of an inspector's 
          decision.
59.310  Where to file an appeal.
59.320  How to file an appeal.
59.330  When an application for an appeal grading or inspection may be 
          refused.
59.340  Who shall perform the appeal.
59.350  Procedures for selecting appeal samples.
59.360  Appeal inspection certificates.
59.370  Cost of appeals.

                              Certificates

59.400  Form of certificates.
59.402  Egg products inspection certificates.
59.404  Erasures or alterations made on official certificates.
59.406  Disposition of official certificates.

                     Identifying and Marking Product

59.410  Egg products required to be labeled.
59.411  Requirement of formulas and approval of labels for use in 
          official egg products plants.
59.412  Form of official identification symbol and inspection mark.
59.414  Products bearing the official inspection mark.
59.415  Use of other official identification.
59.417  Unauthorized use or disposition of approved labels.
59.418  Supervision of marking and packaging.

[[Page 178]]

59.419  Reuse of containers bearing official identification prohibited.

          Inspection, Reinspection, Condemnation, and Retention

59.420  Inspection.
59.422  Condemnation.
59.424  Reinspection.
59.426  Retention.

          Entry of Materials Into Official Egg Products Plants

59.430  Limitation on entry of material.
59.435  Wholesomeness and approval of materials.
59.440  Processing ova.

             Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements

59.500  Plant requirements.
59.502  Equipment and utensils; PCB-containing equipment.
59.504  General operating procedures.
59.506  Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.
59.508  Candling and transfer-room operations.
59.510  Classifications of shell eggs used in the processing of egg 
          products.
59.515  Egg cleaning operations.
59.516  Sanitizing and drying of shell eggs prior to breaking.
59.520  Breaking room facilities.
59.522  Breaking room operations.
59.530  Liquid egg cooling.
59.532  Liquid egg holding.
59.534  Freezing facilities.
59.536  Freezing operations.
59.538  Defrosting facilities.
59.539  Defrosting operations.
59.540  Spray process drying facilities.
59.542  Spray process drying operations.
59.544  Spray process powder; definitions and requirements.
59.546  Albumen flake process drying facilities.
59.547  Albumen flake process drying operations.
59.548  Drying, blending, packaging, and heat treatment rooms and 
          facilities.
59.549  Dried egg storage.
59.550  Washing and sanitizing room or area facilities.
59.552  Cleaning and sanitizing requirements.
59.560  Health and hygiene of personnel.
59.570  Pasteurization of liquid eggs.
59.575  Heat treatment of dried whites.

                               Laboratory

59.580  Laboratory tests and analyses.

                      Exempted Egg Products Plants

59.600  Application for exemption.
59.610  Criteria for exemption.
59.620  Authority of applicant.
59.630  Filing of application.
59.640  Application for exemption; approval.
59.650  Exempted plant registration number.
59.660  Inspection of exempted plants.
59.670  Termination of exemption.
59.680  Approval of labeling for egg products processed in exempted egg 
          products processing plants.

                   Registration of Shell Egg Handlers

59.690  Persons required to register.

              Inspection and Disposition of Restricted Eggs

59.700  Prohibition on disposition of restricted eggs.
59.720  Disposition of restricted eggs.
59.760  Inspection of egg handlers.

Identification of Restricted Eggs or Egg Products Not Intended for Human 
                               Consumption

59.800  Identification of restricted eggs.
59.801  Nest run or washed ungraded eggs.
59.840  Identification of inedible, unwholesome, or adulterated egg 
          products.
59.860  Identification wording.

                                 Imports

59.900  Requirements for importation of egg products or restricted eggs 
          into the United States.
59.905  Importation of restricted eggs or eggs containing more 
          restricted eggs than permitted in the official standards for 
          U.S. Consumer Grade B.
59.910  Eligibility of foreign countries for importation of egg products 
          into the United States.
59.915  Foreign inspection certificate required.
59.920  Importer to make application for inspection of imported eggs and 
          egg products.
59.925  Inspection of imported eggs and egg products.
59.930  Imported eggs and egg products; retention in customs custody; 
          delivery under bond; movement prior to inspection; sealing; 
          handling; facilities, and assistance.
59.935  Means of conveyance and equipment used in handling eggs and egg 
          products to be maintained in sanitary condition.
59.940  Marking of egg products offered for importation.
59.945  Foreign eggs and egg products offered for importation; reporting 
          of findings to customs; handling of products refused entry.
59.950  Labeling of containers of eggs or egg products for importation.
59.955  Labeling of shipping containers of eggs or egg products for 
          importation.
59.956  Relabeling of imported egg products.

[[Page 179]]

59.960  Small importations for consignee's personal use, display, or 
          laboratory analysis.
59.965  Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.
59.970  Charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products 
          imported contrary to the Act.

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 1031-1056.

    Source: 36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.

                               Definitions



Sec. 59.1   Meaning of words.

    Under these regulations, words in the singular shall be deemed to 
mean the plural and vice versa, as the case may demand.



Sec. 59.5   Terms defined.

    For the purpose of these regulations, unless the context otherwise 
requires, the following terms shall be construed, respectively, as 
follows:
    Acceptable means suitable for the purpose intended and acceptable to 
the Administrator.
    Act means the applicable provisions of the Egg Products Inspection 
Act (Pub. L. 91-597, 84 Stat. 1620 et seq.).
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service of the Department or any other officer or employee of the 
Department to whom there has heretofore been delegated, or to whom there 
may hereafter be delegated the authority to act in his stead.
    Adulterated means any egg or egg product under one or more of the 
following circumstances:
    (a) If it bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance 
which may render it injurious to health; but in case the substance is 
not an added substance, such article shall not be considered adulterated 
under this clause if the quantity of such substance in or on such 
article does not ordinarily render it injurious to health;
    (b)(1) If it bears or contains any added poisonous or added 
deleterious substance (other than one which is (i) a pesticide chemical 
in or on a raw agricultural commodity; (ii) a food additive; or (iii) a 
color additive) which may in the judgment of the Secretary, make such 
article unfit for human food;
    (2) If it is, in whole or in part, a raw agricultural commodity and 
such commodity bears or contains a pesticide chemical which is unsafe 
within the meaning of section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act;
    (3) If it bears or contains any food additive which is unsafe within 
the meaning of section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;
    (4) If it bears or contains any color additive which is unsafe 
within the meaning of section 706 of the Federal Food, Drug, and 
Cosmetic Act: Provided, that an article which is not otherwise deemed 
adulterated under paragraph (b)(2), (3), or (4) of this definition shall 
nevertheless be deemed adulterated if use of the pesticide chemical, 
food additive, or color additive, in or on such article, is prohibited 
by regulations of the Secretary in official plants;
    (c) If it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid, or 
decomposed substance, or if it is otherwise unfit for human food;
    (d) If it has been prepared, packaged, or held under insanitary 
conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or 
whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health;
    (e) If it is an egg which has been subjected to incubation or the 
product of any egg which has been subjected to incubation;
    (f) If its container is composed, in whole or in part of any 
poisonous or deleterious substance which may render the contents 
injurious to health;
    (g) If it has been intentionally subjected to radiation, unless the 
use of the radiation was in conformity with a regulation or exemption in 
effect pursuant to section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic 
Act; or
    (h) If any valuable constituent has been, in whole or in part, 
omitted or abstracted therefrom; or if any substance has been 
substituted, wholly or in part therefor; or if damage or inferiority has 
been concealed in any manner; or if any substance has been added thereto 
or mixed or packed therewith so as to increase its bulk or weight, or 
reduce its quality or strength, or make

[[Page 180]]

it appear better or of greater value than it is.
    Applicant means any person who requests any inspection service as 
authorized under the Act or the regulations of this part.
    Capable of use as human food means any egg or egg product, unless it 
is denatured, or otherwise identified, as required by these regulations 
to deter its use as human food.
    Chief of the Grading Branch means Chief of the Poultry Grading 
Branch, Poultry Division, Agricultural Marketing Service.
    Class means any subdivision of a product based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same 
kind, type, or method of processing.
    Commerce means interstate, foreign, or intrastate commerce.
    Condition means any condition (including, but not being limited to, 
the state of preservation, cleanliness, soundness, wholesomeness, or 
fitness for human food) of any product which affects its 
merchantability; or any condition, including but not being limited to, 
the processing, handling, or packaging which affects such product.
    Container or Package includes any box, can, tin, plastic, or other 
receptacle, wrapper, or cover.
    (a) Immediate container means any consumer package, or other 
container in which egg products, not consumer packaged, are packed.
    (b) Shipping container means any container used in packaging a 
product packed in an immediate container.
    Department means the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
    Dirty egg or Dirties means an egg(s) that has an unbroken shell with 
adhering dirt or foreign material.
    Egg means the shell egg of the domesticated chicken, turkey, duck, 
goose, or guinea. Some of the terms applicable to shell eggs are as 
follows:
    (a) Check means an egg that has a broken shell or crack in the shell 
but has its shell membranes intact and contents not leaking.
    (b) Clean and sound shell egg means any egg whose shell is free of 
adhering dirt or foreign material and is not cracked or broken.
    (c) Dirty egg or Dirties means an egg(s) that has a shell that is 
unbroken and has adhering dirt, foreign material, or prominent stains.
    (d) Incubator reject means an egg that has been subjected to 
incubation and has been removed from incubation during the hatching 
operations as infertile or otherwise unhatchable.
    (e) Inedible means eggs of the following descriptions: Black rots, 
yellow rots, white rots, mixed rots, sour eggs, eggs with green whites, 
eggs with stuck yolks, moldy eggs, musty eggs, eggs showing blood rings, 
and eggs containing embryo chicks (at or beyond the blood ring stage).
    (f) Leaker means an egg that has a crack or break in the shell and 
shell membranes to the extent that the egg contents are exposed or are 
exuding or free to exude through the shell.
    (g) Loss means an egg that is unfit for human food because it is 
smashed or broken so that its contents are leaking; or overheated, 
frozen, or contaminated; or an incubator reject; or because it contains 
a bloody white, large meat spots, a large quantity of blood, or other 
foreign material.
    (h) Restricted egg means any check, dirty egg, incubator reject, 
inedible, leaker, or loss.
    Egg handler means any person who engages in any business in commerce 
which involves buying or selling any eggs (as a poultry producer or 
otherwise), or processing any egg products, or otherwise using any eggs 
in the preparation of human food.
    Egg product means any dried, frozen, or liquid eggs, with or without 
added ingredients, excepting products which contain eggs only in a 
relatively small proportion or historically have not been, in the 
judgment of the Secretary, considered by consumers as products of the 
egg food industry, and which may be exempted by the Secretary under such 
conditions as he may prescribe to assure that the egg ingredients are 
not adulterated and such products are not represented as egg products. 
For the purposes of this part, the following products, among others, are 
exempted as not being egg products: Freeze-dried products, imitation egg 
products, egg substitutes, dietary foods, dried no-bake custard mixes, 
egg nog mixes,

[[Page 181]]

acidic dressings, noodles, milk and egg dip, cake mixes, French toast, 
and sandwiches containing eggs or egg products, provided, such products 
are prepared from inspected egg products or eggs containing no more 
restricted eggs than are allowed in the official standards for U.S. 
Consumer Grade B shell eggs. Balut and other similar ethnic delicacies 
are also exempted from inspection under this part.
    Eggs of current production means shell eggs which have moved through 
the usual marketing channels since the time they were laid and are not 
in excess of 60 days old.
    Fair Packaging and Labeling Act means the Act so entitled, approved 
November 3, 1966 (80 Stat. 1296), and Acts amendatory thereof or 
supplementary thereto.
    Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act means the Act so entitled, 
approved June 25, 1938 (52 Stat. 1040), and Acts amendatory thereof or 
supplementary thereto.
    Inspection means the application of such inspection methods and 
techniques as are deemed necessary by the responsible Secretary to carry 
out the provisions of the Egg Products Inspection Act and the 
regulations under this part.
    Inspection service means the official service within the Department 
having the responsibility for carrying out the provisions of the Egg 
Products Inspection Act. Inspection service also means the activities 
performed, including official reporting by such official service.
    Inspector/Grader means:
    (a) Any employee or official of the United States Government 
authorized to inspect eggs or egg products under the authority of this 
part; or
    (b) Any employee or official of the government of any State or local 
jurisdiction authorized by the Secretary to inspect eggs or egg products 
under the authority of this part, under an agreement entered into 
between the Secretary and the appropriate State or other agency.
    Interested party means any person financially interested in a 
transaction involving any inspection or appeal inspection of any 
product, or the decision of an inspector.
    Label means a display of any printed, graphic, or other method of 
identification upon the shipping container, if any, or upon the 
immediate container, including but not limited to, an individual 
consumer package of eggs and egg products, or accompanying such product.
    Misbranded means any egg products which are not labeled and packaged 
in accordance with the requirements prescribed by regulations of the 
Administrator under this part.
    National Supervisor means:
    (a) The officer in charge of the inspection service; and
    (b) Such other employee of the Service as may be designated by him.
    Nest-run eggs means eggs which are packed as they come from the 
production facilities without having been washed, sized and/or candled 
for quality, with the exception that some checks, dirties, or other 
obvious undergrades may have been removed.
    Official certificate means any certificate prescribed by regulations 
of the Administrator for issuance by an inspector or other person 
performing official functions under this part.
    Official device means any device prescribed or authorized by the 
Secretary for use in applying any official mark.
    Official identification means the official inspection mark or any 
other symbol prescribed by regulations of this part to identify the 
status of any article.
    Official inspection mark means any symbol prescribed by the 
regulations of the Administrator showing that egg products were 
inspected in accordance with this part.
    Official standards means the standards of quality, grades, and 
weight classes for eggs, as described under part 56 of this chapter 
under the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087, as amended, 
7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.), or as hereafter amended.
    Office of inspection means the office of any inspector.
    Pasteurize means the subjecting of each particle of egg products to 
heat or other treatments to destroy harmful viable microorganisms by 
such processes as may be prescribed by these regulations.

[[Page 182]]

    Person means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, 
or other business unit.
    Pesticide chemical, Food additive, Color additive, and Raw 
agricultural commodity shall have the same meaning for purposes of this 
part as under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
    Plant means any place of business where egg products are processed:
    (a) Exempted plant means any plant where the Administrator has 
determined the facilities and operating procedures meet such standards 
as may be prescribed by this part, and where the eggs received or used 
in the manufacture of egg products contain no more restricted eggs than 
are allowed by the official standards of U.S. Consumer Grade B for shell 
eggs, and where an exemption has been granted.
    (b) Official plant means any plant in which the plant facilities, 
methods of operation and sanitary procedures have been found suitable 
and adequate by the Administrator for the continuous inspection of egg 
products in accordance with this part and in which inspection service is 
carried on.
    Potable water means water that has been approved by a State health 
authority or other agency or laboratory acceptable to the Administrator 
as safe for drinking and suitable for food processing.
    Processing means manufacturing of egg products, including breaking 
eggs or filtering, mixing, blending, pasteurizing, stabilizing, cooling, 
freezing or drying, or packaging egg products at official plants.
    Producer-packer means any producer who sorts eggs only from his own 
production and packs them into their various qualities.
    Quality means the inherent properties of any product which determine 
its relative degree of excellence.
    Regional Director means any employee of the Department in charge of 
inspection service in a designated geographical region.
    Regulations means the provisions in this part.
    Regulatory inspector means any employee of the U.S. Government, or 
State or local jurisdiction, who is authorized by the Secretary to make 
such inspections as required in Sec. 59.28 of these regulations.
    Sampling means the act of taking samples of any product for 
inspection or analyses.
    Sanitize means the application of a bactericidal treatment which is 
approved as being effective in destroying microorganisms, including 
pathogens.
    Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture or his delegate.
    Service means the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) of the 
Department.
    Shell egg packer (grading station) means any person engaged in the 
sorting of eggs from sources other than or in addition to his own 
production into their various qualities, either mechanically or by other 
means.
    Stabilization means the subjection of any egg product to a 
desugaring process.
    State means any State of the United States, the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District 
of Columbia.
    United States means the States.
    Washed ungraded eggs means eggs which have been washed but not sized 
or segregated for quality.
    White or albumen means, for the purpose of this part, the product 
obtained from the egg as broken from the shell and separated from the 
yolk.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6657, Apr. 4, 1972; 40 FR 
20057, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 
3, 1982; 54 FR 37289, Sept. 8, 1989; 60 FR 49168, Sept. 21, 1995; 60 FR 
58199, Nov. 27, 1995]

                             Administration



Sec. 59.10   Authority.

    The Administrator shall perform, for and under the supervision of 
the Secretary, such duties as the Secretary may require in the 
enforcement or administration of the provisions of the Act, and this 
part. The Administrator may waive for a limited period any particular 
provisions of the regulations to permit experimentation so that new 
procedures, equipment, and processing techniques may be tested to 
facilitate definite improvements and at the same

[[Page 183]]

time to maintain full compliance with the spirit and intent of the 
regulations. The Agricultural Marketing Service and its officers and 
employees shall not be liable in damages through acts of commission or 
omission in the administration of this part.

[42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.13   Federal and State cooperation.

    The Secretary shall, whenever he determines that it would effectuate 
the purposes of the Act, authorize the Administrator to cooperate with 
appropriate State and other governmental agencies in carrying out any 
provisions of the Egg Products Inspection Act and these regulations. In 
carrying out the provisions of the Act and the regulations, the 
Secretary may conduct such examinations, investigations, and inspections 
as he determines practicable through any officer or employee of any such 
agency commissioned by him for such purpose. The Secretary shall 
reimburse the States and other agencies for the services rendered by 
them in such cooperative programs as agreed to in the cooperative 
agreements as signed by the Administrator and the duly authorized agent 
of the State or other agency.



Sec. 59.17   Nondiscrimination.

    The conduct of all services and the licensing of graders and 
inspectors under these regulations shall be accomplished without 
discrimination as to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, 
or disability.

[40 FR 20057, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.18  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers 
assigned to information collection requirements by the Office of 
Management and Budget contained in 7 CFR 59 pursuant to the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-511.
    (b) Display.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Current OMB 
      7 CFR section where identified and described        control number
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.  59.10.............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.13.............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.22.............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.28(a)(1).......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.40.............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.45(c)(1).......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.45(c)(3).......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.45(d)..........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.110(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.112............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.122............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.124............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.126............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.128(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.140............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.144............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.146(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.146(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.155............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.160(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.160(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.160(f)(3)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.160(f)(4)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.200(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.200(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.220............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.240............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.320............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.402(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.411(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.411(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.411(e).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.411(f).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.418(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.430(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.435(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.435(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.440(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.500(h).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(h).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(k).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(1)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(2)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(3)(i)...................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(3)(iii).................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(3)(iv)..................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.504(o)(3)(v)...................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.515(a)(8)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.520(h).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.522(f).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.522(x).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.522(aa)(2).....................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.530(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.534(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.544(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.544(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.544(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.552(a)(3)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.552(b)(1)(i)...................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.552(b)(2)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.570(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.575(b)(3)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.575(d).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.580(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.600............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.610(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.620............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.640(b)(1)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.680(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.690............................................       0581-0113

[[Page 184]]

                                                                        
Sec.  59.720(a)(2)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.720(a)(3)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.720(a)(4)......................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.720(c).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.760............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.800............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.840............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.905(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.915(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.915(b).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.920............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.930(f).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.950(a).........................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.960............................................       0581-0113
Sec.  59.965............................................       0581-0113
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[48 FR 34238, July 28, 1983, as amended at 50 FR 23270, June 3, 1985; 54 
FR 37290, Sept. 8, 1989]

                           Scope of Inspection



Sec. 59.20   Inspection in accordance with methods prescribed or approved.

    Inspection of eggs and egg products shall be rendered pursuant to 
these regulations and under such conditions and in accordance with such 
methods as may be prescribed or approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 59.22   Basis of service.

    These regulations provide for inspection services pursuant to the 
Egg Products Inspection Act. Eggs and egg products shall be inspected in 
accordance with such standards, methods, and instructions as may be 
issued or approved by the Administrator. Inspection services shall be 
subject to supervision at all times by the applicable Federal-State 
supervisor, egg products supervisor, Regional Director, and National 
Supervisor.



Sec. 59.24   Egg products plants requiring continuous inspection.

    No plant in which egg products processing operations are conducted 
shall process egg products without continuous inspection under these 
regulations, except as expressly exempted in Sec. 59.100.



Sec. 59.26   Egg products entering or prepared in official plants.

    Eggs and egg products processed in an official plant shall be 
inspected, processed, marked, and labeled as required by these 
regulations. Egg products entering an official plant shall have been 
inspected, processed, marked, and labeled as required by these 
regulations.



Sec. 59.28   Other inspections.

    (a) Periodic inspections shall be made of:
    (1) Business premises, facilities, inventories, operations, and 
records of egg handlers, and the records of all persons engaged in the 
business of transporting, shipping, or receiving any eggs or egg 
products. In the case of shell egg packers packing eggs for the ultimate 
consumer (i.e., packed for direct use of household consumers, 
restaurants, institutions, etc.), such inspections shall be made a 
minimum of once each calendar quarter. Hatcheries are to be inspected a 
minimum of once each fiscal year.
    (2) Exempted plants to determine that such plants are operating 
pursuant to these regulations.
    (b) Inspections shall be made of imported eggs and egg products as 
required in this part.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20057, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]

                      Relation to Other Authorities



Sec. 59.30   At official plants.

    (a) Requirements within the scope of the Act with respect to 
premises, facilities, and operations of any official plant which are in 
addition to or different than those made under this part may not be 
imposed by any State or local jurisdiction except that any such 
jurisdiction may impose recordkeeping and other requirements within the 
scope of Sec. 59.200, if consistent therewith, with respect to any such 
plant.
    (b) Labeling, packaging, or ingredient requirements in addition to 
or different than those made under this part, the Federal Food, Drug, 
and Cosmetic Act and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act may not be 
imposed by any State or local jurisdiction with respect to egg products 
processed at any official plant in accordance with the requirements 
under this part and such Acts.

[[Page 185]]



Sec. 59.35   Eggs and egg products outside official plants.

    (a) For eggs which have moved or are moving in interstate or foreign 
commerce, no State or local jurisdiction (1) may require the use of 
standards of quality, condition, grade, or weight classes which are in 
addition to or different than the official standards or (2) other than 
those in noncontiguous areas of the United States may require labeling 
to show the State or other geographical area of production or origin. 
This shall not preclude a State from requiring the name, address, and 
license number of the person processing or packaging eggs to be shown on 
each container.
    (b) Any State or local jurisdiction may exercise jurisdiction with 
respect to eggs and egg products for the purpose of preventing the 
distribution for human food purposes of any such articles which are 
outside of the official plant and are in violation of this part or any 
of said Federal Acts or any State or local law consistent therewith.

            Eggs and Egg Products Not Intended for Human Food



Sec. 59.40   Continuous inspection not provided.

    Continuous inspection shall not be provided under this part at any 
plant for the processing of any egg products which are not intended for 
use as human food, but such articles prior to their offer for sale or 
transportation in commerce shall be denatured or decharacterized unless 
shipped under seal as authorized in Secs. 59.504(c) and 59.720(a), and 
identified as prescribed by the regulations in this part to prevent 
their use for human food. Periodic inspections shall be made of such 
operations and records to assure compliance with the Act and the 
regulations in this part.

[37 FR 6657, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.45  Prohibition on eggs and egg products not intended for use as human food.

    (a) No person shall buy, sell, or transport or offer to buy or sell, 
or offer or receive for transportation in commerce, any eggs or egg 
products which are not intended for use as human food, unless they are 
denatured or decharacterized, unless shipped under seal as authorized in 
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section or in Secs. 59.504(c) and 
59.720(a) and identified as required by the regulations in this part.
    (b) No person shall import or export shell eggs classified as loss, 
inedible, or incubator rejects or any egg products which are 
unwholesome, adulterated, or are otherwise unfit for human food 
purposes, except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, 
unless they are denatured or decharacterized and identified as required 
by the regulations in this part.
    (c) Egg products which are unwholesome, adulterated, or are 
otherwise unfit for human food purposes that are not denatured or 
decharacterized may be exported to foreign countries for industrial use 
or animal food under the following provisions:
    (1) Authorized government official of the foreign country shall 
approve the importation of such products into that country.
    (2) The egg products shall be shipped under U.S. Government seal and 
identified as required in Sec. 59.840.
    (3) Provisions for the control of such inedible product in the 
foreign country to preclude its use as human food must be established 
and approved by the Administrator. Such control may consist of, but not 
be limited to, receipt and inspection by an appropriate U.S. Government 
official, an official of an approved meat, poultry, or egg products 
inspection system of the foreign government, or, when acceptable to the 
Administrator, a foreign government official including other foreign 
health authorities.
    (d) Foreign governments may petition the Administrator for approval 
to import into this country egg products which are unwholesome, 
adulterated, or otherwise unfit for human food purposes that are not 
denatured or decharacterized for industrial use or animal food 
requirements. Such products shall be subject to the provisions of this 
part and other applicable laws

[[Page 186]]

and regulations for importation into the United States.

[48 FR 34238, July 28, 1983]

                               Exemptions



Sec. 59.100   Specific exemptions.

    The following are exempt to the extent prescribed as to the 
provisions for control of restricted eggs in section 8(a)(1) and (2) of 
the Act and the provision for continuous inspection of processing 
operations in section 5(a) of the Act: Provided, That as to paragraphs 
(c) through (f) of this section, the exemptions do not apply to 
restricted eggs when prohibited by State or local law: And provided 
further, That the sale of ``hard-cooked shell eggs'' or ``peeled hard-
cooked shell eggs'' prepared from checks is subject to the conditions 
for exemption in paragraphs (c), (d), and (f) of this section: And 
provided further, That the conditions for exemption and provisions of 
these regulations are met:
    (a) The sale, transportation, possession, or use of eggs which 
contain no more restricted eggs than are allowed by the tolerances in 
the official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs;
    (b) Subject to the approval of the Administrator as provided in 
Secs. 59.600 through 59.670, the processing of egg products without 
continuous inspection at any plant where the facilities, sanitation, and 
operating procedures are the same as are required in this part for 
official plants and where the eggs received or used in the manufacture 
of egg products contain no more restricted eggs than are allowed by the 
official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs, and the egg 
products processed at such plant;
    (c) The sale at the site of production, on a door-to-door retail 
route, or at an established place of business away from the site of 
production, by a poultry producer of eggs from his own flock's 
production directly to a household consumer exclusively for use by such 
consumer and members of his household and his nonpaying guests and 
employees, and the transportation, possession, and use of such eggs: 
Provided, That each such sale of restricted eggs shall be limited to no 
more than 30 dozen eggs; And provided further, (1) That eggs sold 
directly to consumers at an established place of business away from the 
site of production be moved directly from the producer to such place of 
business; (2) that such business away from the site of production be 
owned and managed by the producer; and (3) that such eggs which are sold 
on a door-to-door route or at an established place of business away from 
the site of production shall contain no more loss and/or leakers than 
allowed in the official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs.
    (d) The sale of eggs by any producer with an annual egg production 
from a flock of 3,000 hens or less and the record requirements of 
Sec. 59.200;
    (e) The processing and sale of egg products by any poultry producer 
from eggs of his own flock's production when sold directly to a 
household consumer exclusively for use by such consumer and members of 
his household and his nonpaying guests and employees;
    (f) The sale of eggs by shell egg packers on the premises where the 
grading station is located, directly to household consumers for use by 
such consumer and members of his household and his nonpaying guests and 
employees, and the transportation, possession, and use of such eggs. 
Each such sale of ``restricted eggs'': Shall be limited to no more than 
30 dozen eggs;
    (g) The processing in nonofficial plants, including but not limited 
to bakeries, restaurants, and other food processors, without continuous 
inspection, of certain categories of food products which contain eggs or 
egg products as an ingredient, and the sale and possession of such 
products: Provided, That such products are manufactured from inspected 
egg products processed in accordance with this part or from eggs 
containing no more restricted eggs than are allowed in the official 
standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs;
    (h) The purchase, sale, possession, or transportation of shell eggs 
containing more restricted eggs than allowed in the tolerances for U.S. 
Consumer Grade B shell eggs: Provided, That such eggs are handled in 
accordance with Secs. 59.200 and 59.700 through 59.860 to assure that 
only eggs fit for human food are used

[[Page 187]]

for such purpose. This exemption applies to the following:
    (1) Egg producers, assemblers, wholesalers, and grading operations;
    (2) Hatcheries;
    (3) Transporters;
    (4) Laboratories, pharmaceutical companies; and
    (5) Processors of products not intended for use as human food.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20057, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 59.105   Suspension or termination of exemptions.

    (a) The Administrator may immediately suspend or terminate any 
exemption under Sec. 59.100(b) at any time with respect to any person, 
if the conditions of exemption prescribed by this section are not being 
met. The Administrator may modify or revoke any regulation of this part, 
granting exemptions whenever he determines such action appropriate to 
effectuate the purposes of the Act.
    (b) Failure to comply with the condition of the exemptions contained 
in Sec. 59.100 shall subject such person to the penalties provided for 
in the Act and in this part.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20057, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]

                         Performance of Service



Sec. 59.110   Licensed inspectors.

    (a) Any person who is a Federal or State employee, or the employee 
of a local jurisdiction possessing proper qualifications as determined 
by an examination for competency and who is to perform services pursuant 
to this part, may be licensed by the Secretary as an inspector.
    (b) Licenses issued by the Secretary are to be countersigned by the 
Administrator or by any other designated official of the Service.
    (c) No person may be licensed to inspect any product in which he is 
financially interested.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.112   Suspension of license or authority; revocation.

    Pending final action by the Secretary, any person authorized to 
countersign a license to perform inspection services may, whenever he 
deems such action necessary to assure that any inspection service is 
properly performed, suspend any license to perform inspection services 
issued pursuant to this part by giving notice of such suspension to the 
respective licensee, accompanied by a statement of the reasons therefor. 
Within 7 days after the receipt of the aforesaid notice and statement of 
reasons by the licensee, he may file an appeal in writing, with the 
Secretary, supported by any argument or evidence that he may wish to 
offer as to why his license should not be suspended or revoked. After 
the expiration of the aforesaid 7-day period and consideration of such 
argument and evidence, the Secretary will take such action as he deems 
appropriate with respect to such suspension or revocation. When no 
appeal is filed within the prescribed 7 days, the license is revoked or 
suspended.



Sec. 59.114   Surrender of license.

    Upon termination of his services as an inspector or whenever his 
license has been suspended or revoked, the licensee shall surrender his 
license and other items of identification furnished by the Department 
immediately to the inspection service.



Sec. 59.116   Activities of inspectors.

    Inspectors at official plants shall confine their activities to 
those duties necessary in the rendering of inspection service and such 
closely related activities as may be approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 59.118   Identification.

    Inspectors shall have in their possession at all times while on 
duty, and present upon request, the means of identification furnished by 
the Department to such persons.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

[[Page 188]]



Sec. 59.119   Political activity.

    Inspectors are forbidden during the period of their respective 
appointments, or licenses, to take an active part in political 
management or in political campaigns. Political activity in city, 
county, State, or national elections, whether primary or regular, or in 
behalf of any party or candidate, except as authorized by law or 
regulation of the Department, is prohibited. This applies to all 
appointees, including but not being limited to temporary and cooperative 
employees and employees on leave of absence with or without pay. Willful 
violation of this section or Sec. 59.120 will constitute grounds for 
dismissal in the case of appointees and revocation of licenses in the 
case of licensees.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 59.120   Financial interest of inspectors.

    No inspector shall inspect any product in which he is financially 
interested.



Sec. 59.122  Time of inspection.

    The inspector who is to perform the inspection in an official plant 
shall be given reasonable advance notice by plant management of the 
hours when such inspection will be required.

[60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.124  Schedule of operation of official plants.

    Operating schedules for an official plant shall be subject to 
approval of the Administrator. The normal operating schedule shall 
consist of a continuous 8-hour period per day (excluding not to exceed 1 
hour for lunch), 5 consecutive days per week, within the administrative 
workweek, Sunday through Saturday, for each full shift required. Clock 
hours of daily operations need not be specified in a schedule, although 
as a condition of continuance of approval of a schedule, the hours of 
operation must be reasonably uniform from day to day.

[48 FR 20683, May 9, 1983]



Sec. 59.126  Overtime inspection service.

    When operations in an official plant require the services of 
inspection personnel beyond their regularly assigned tour of duty on any 
day or on a day outside the established schedule, such services are 
considered as overtime work. The official plant shall give reasonable 
advance notice to the inspector of any overtime service necessary and 
shall pay the Service for such overtime at an hourly rate of $26.16 to 
cover the cost thereof.

[59 FR 52637, Oct. 18, 1994]



Sec. 59.128  Holiday inspection service.

    (a) When an official plant requires inspection service on a holiday 
or a day designated in lieu of a holiday, such service is considered 
holiday work. The official plant shall, in advance of such holiday work, 
request the inspector in charge to furnish inspection service during 
such period and shall pay the Service therefore at an hourly rate of 
$17.44 to cover the cost thereof.
    (b) The term ``holiday'' shall mean the legal public holidays 
specified by the Congress in paragraph (a) of section 6103, title 5 of 
the United States Code. Information on legal holidays may be obtained 
from the supervisor.

[37 FR 6657, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 9, Jan. 2, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46071, Oct. 15, 1982; 59 FR 52637, Oct. 
18, 1994]



Sec. 59.130   Basis of billing plants.

    Overtime and/or holiday services shall be billed to the official 
plant on the basis of each 15 minutes of overtime and/or holiday service 
performed by each inspector providing such service to the plant, except 
that when an official plant requires the services of an inspector after 
he has completed his day's assignment and left the plant or when he is 
called back to duty on a day outside the established normal operating 
schedule or on a holiday, the official plant shall pay for a minimum of 
2 hours service at the applicable established rate. Extra travel expense 
incurred while rendering overtime or holiday service shall be billed to 
the official plant. Bills are payable upon receipt and become delinquent 
30 days

[[Page 189]]

from date of billing. Overtime or holiday inspection service will not be 
performed at any plant that is delinquent, and processing operations 
shall be confined to the regular operating schedule of the plant. In 
addition, fees will be charged and collected for certifications 
requested by and provided for the official plant that are not within the 
scope of these regulations. Unless otherwise provided in this part, the 
fees to be charged and collected for any service performed (other than 
an appeal) shall be based on the applicable rates specified in the 
Regulations Governing the Voluntary Inspection of Egg Products and 
Grading (7 CFR, 55.510 through 55.560).

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.132   Access to plants.

    Access shall not be refused, at any reasonable time, to any 
representative of the Secretary to any plant or place of business 
subject to inspection under the provisions of this part upon 
presentation of proper credentials.



Sec. 59.134   Accessibility of product.

    Each product for which inspection service is required shall be so 
placed as to disclose fully its class, quality, quantity, and condition 
as the circumstances may warrant.



Sec. 59.136  Facilities and equipment to be furnished by official plants for use of inspectors in performing service.

    (a) Such facilities and equipment shall include but not be limited 
to a room or area suitable for sampling product, and acceptable candling 
light, flashlight, heavy duty, high speed drill with an eleven 
sixteenths-inch or larger bit of sufficient length to reach the bottom 
of containers used for frozen eggs, metal stem thermometer(s), test 
thermometer(s), stop watch, test weighing scale(s) and test weight(s), 
test kit for determining the bactericidal strength of sanitizing 
solutions, and stationary or adequately secured storage box or cage 
(capable of being locked only by the inspector) for holding official 
samples.
    (b) Furnished office space and equipment, including but not being 
limited to a desk (equipped with a satisfactory locking device), lockers 
or cabinets suitable for the protection and storage of supplies, and 
facilities suitable for inspectors to change clothing.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]

                         Application for Service



Sec. 59.140   How application shall be made.

    The proprietor or operator of each plant processing egg products, 
unless exempted by Sec. 59.100, shall make application to the 
Administrator for inspection service. The application shall be made in 
writing on forms furnished by the inspection service. In cases of change 
of name or ownership or change of location, a new application shall be 
made.



Sec. 59.142   Filing of application.

    An application for inspection service shall be regarded as filed 
only when it has been filled in completely and signed by the applicant 
and has been received in the office of the Chief of the Grading Branch.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.144   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of authority of any person applying for inspection service may 
be required at the discretion of the Administrator.



Sec. 59.146   Application for continuous inspection in official plants; approval.

    Any person desiring to process egg products under continuous 
inspection service must receive approval of such plant and facilities as 
an official plant prior to the installation of such service. An 
application for continuous inspection service to be installed in an 
official plant shall be approved according to the following procedure:
    (a) Initial survey: When an application for continuous inspection in 
a plant has been filed, a supervisory egg

[[Page 190]]

products inspector will make a survey and inspection of the premises and 
plant to determine if the facilities and methods of operation therein 
are suitable and adequate for service in accordance with:
    (1) These regulations, and
    (2) Such other administrative instructions as may be issued from 
time to time by the Service and which are in effect at the time of the 
aforesaid survey and inspection.
    (b) Drawings and specifications to be furnished:
    (1) Applicants may obtain information or assistance as to the 
requirements before submitting prints of drawings, specifications, and 
supplemental information from the inspection service.
    (2) Three copies of each print drawing as specified in this section 
of the complete floor plan, plot plan, supplemental information, and 
specifications shall be submitted. Sheet size of the print shall not 
exceed 34 by 44 inches, the wording shall be legible, all lines sharp 
and clear, and properly drawn to scale. Each print shall show the scale 
used, north point of the compass, and the firm name, street, city, 
state, and zip code or an accurate description of the location.
    (3) Plot plan of entire premises shall include location of all 
buildings, railroads, roadways, alleys, wells, reservoirs, drains, catch 
basins, nearby buildings adjoining property, drainage and slope of 
terrain, character and surfacing of roadways, driveways, and vehicular 
loading areas. The plot plan may be drawn to a scale of one-thirty-
second inch per foot.
    (4) Floor plan prints shall include all space on each floor of the 
official plant, accurately illustrating and describing the facilities. 
Detailed drawings of processing area shall be drawn to a scale of one-
fourth inch per foot. Prints showing only nonprocessing areas may be 
drawn to a scale of one-eighth inch per foot.
    (5) Floor plans shall show the location of such features as walls, 
partitions, posts, doorways, windows, floor drains and channel drains, 
air systems, ventilation fans, principal pieces of equipment, storage 
tanks, hose connections for cleaning purposes, hand-washing facilities, 
lockers, and toilets. The prints shall show slope of floors to drains.
    (6) The official plant shall include all processing rooms and other 
rooms used in the official plant, including but not being limited to the 
breaking room, equipment washing and sanitizing rooms, shell egg washing 
rooms, packaging rooms, shell egg and egg products storage rooms 
(including coolers, freezers, hot rooms), drying rooms, toilet and 
dressing rooms, storerooms for supplies, and all other rooms, 
compartments, or passageways where products or any ingredients to be 
used in the preparation of products under this service will be handled 
or kept and may include other rooms located in the building comprising 
the official plant. Except in public warehouses, all rooms, 
compartments, etc., of the building not to be considered as part of the 
official plant shall not have direct access into any part of the 
official plant.
    (7) Supplemental information may be shown as notations on the 
drawings or on supplemental sheets. Supplemental information shall 
include clarifying information such as sequence of processing edible 
products, handling of inedible product, shell disposal, handling of 
packaging material, liquid pumping systems, cleaned-in-place systems, 
description of pasteurizer, description of drier, type and efficiency of 
air filtration, hot water facilities, sewage disposal, and such other 
notations as may be required.
    (8) Specification sheets shall include height of ceilings and type 
construction, type of floors, and wall construction, wall and partition 
material, and number of employees who will use each toilet room and 
facilities.
    (c) Upon approval of the prints of drawing, supplemental 
information, and specifications, the application for service may be 
approved.
    (d) Changes and revisions of official plant: When changes are 
planned in official plant construction, facilities, and equipment 
covered by previously approved prints, revised prints shall be submitted 
for review and approval prior to making the changes by: A completely 
revised sheet(s) showing proposed alterations and additions or an 
overlay print drawn to same scale

[[Page 191]]

as print to be modified or revised. A final survey of the completed 
alterations and additions shall be made by the supervisory egg products 
inspector to determine if the changes are in accordance with approved 
drawings and the regulations.
    (e) Final survey and plant approval: Prior to the inauguration of 
continuous inspection service, a final survey of the plant and premises 
shall be made by the supervisory egg products inspector to determine if 
the plant is constructed and facilities are installed in accordance with 
the approved drawings and these regulations. The plant may be approved 
only when these requirements have been met.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.148   Order of service.

    Inspection service shall be performed, insofar as practicable, in 
the order in which applications therefor are made.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]

                         Inauguration of Service



Sec. 59.150   Official plant numbers.

    An official plant number shall be assigned to each plant granted 
inspection service. Such plant number shall be used to identify all 
containers of inspected products prepared in the plant which are capable 
of use as human food. A plant shall not have more than one plant number.



Sec. 59.155   Inauguration of service.

    Prior to the inauguration of service, the proprietor or operator of 
the plant shall be knowledgeable of the requirements of these 
regulations.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]

                            Denial of Service



Sec. 59.160   Refusal, suspension, or withdrawal of service.

    (a) The Administrator (for such period, or indefinitely, as he deems 
necessary to effectuate the purposes of the Act) may refuse to provide 
or may withdraw inspection service under this part with respect to any 
plant if he determines after opportunity for a hearing (following the 
procedures of 7 CFR, part 1, subpart H) is accorded to the applicant 
for, or recipient of, such service, that such applicant or recipient is 
unfit to engage in any business requiring inspection under the Act or 
this part, because the applicant or recipient or anyone responsibly 
connected with such person has been convicted in any Federal or State 
court, within the previous 10 years, of (1) any felony or more than one 
misdemeanor under any law based upon the acquiring, handling, or 
distributing of adulterated, mislabeled, or deceptively packaged food or 
fraud in connection with transactions in food or (2) any felony, 
involving, fraud, bribery, extortion, or any other act or circumstances 
indicating a lack of the integrity needed for the conduct of operations 
affecting the public health.
    (b) For the purpose of this section, a person shall be deemed to be 
responsibly connected with the business if he is a partner, officer, 
director, holder, or owner of 10 percentum or more of its voting stock, 
or employee in a managerial or executive capacity.
    (c) The determination and order of the Administrator with respect 
thereto under this section shall be final and conclusive unless the 
affected applicant for, or recipient of, inspection service files 
application for judicial review within 30 days after the effective date 
of such order in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the circuit in which such 
applicant or recipient has its principal place of business or in the 
U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Judicial 
review of any such order shall be upon the record upon which the 
determination and order are based. The provisions of section 204 of the 
Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921,

[[Page 192]]

as amended (7 U.S.C. 194) shall be applicable to appeals taken under 
this section. This section shall not affect in any way other provisions 
of the Act or these regulations for refusal of inspection services.
    (d) Any applicant for inspection at a plant where the operations 
thereof may result in any discharge into the navigable waters in the 
United States is required by subsection 401(a)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1341) of 
the Clean Water Act as amended (86 Stat. 816, 91 Stat. 1566; 33 U.S.C. 
1251 et seq.), to provide the Administrator with a certification, as 
prescribed in said subsection, that any such discharge will comply with 
the applicable provisions of sections 301, 302, 303, 306, and 307 of the 
Act (33 U.S.C. 1311, 1312, 1313, 1316, and 1317). No grant of inspection 
can be issued unless such certification has been obtained, or is waived, 
because of failure or refusal of the State, interstate agency, or the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency to act on a request 
for certification within a reasonable period (which shall not exceed 1 
year after receipt of such request). Further, upon receipt of an 
application for inspection and a certification as required by subsection 
401(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act, the Administrator (as defined in 
Sec. 59.5) is required by subparagraph (2) of said subsection to notify 
the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency for proceedings 
in accordance with that subsection. No grant of inspection can be made 
until the requirements of 401(a) (1) and (2) have been met.
    (e) Inspection may be suspended or revoked and plant approval 
terminated as provided in subsection 401(a) (4) and (5) of the Clean 
Water Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1341(a) (4) and (5)).
    (f) Suspension of plant approval and withdrawal of service:
    (1) Any plant approval given pursuant to these regulations may be 
suspended by the Administrator for (i) failure to maintain premises, 
facilities, and equipment in a satisfactory state of repair; (ii) the 
use of operating procedures or practices which are not in accordance 
with the regulations; (iii) the alterations of buildings, facilities, or 
equipment which have not been approved in accordance with the 
regulations; or (iv) assaulting, intimidating, impeding, obstructing, or 
interfering with any person engaged in or on account of the performance 
of his official duties.
    (2) During such period of suspension, no processing of egg products 
for commerce shall be carried on in the official plant. If the plant 
facilities or methods of operation are not brought into compliance 
within a reasonable period of time, to be specified by the 
Administrator, inspection service shall be withdrawn from the official 
plant. Upon withdrawal of inspection service in an official plant, the 
plant approval for processing egg products shall also become terminated.
    (3) The operator shall be notified of the withdrawal action and the 
reasons therefor and afforded an opportunity to present his views 
informally prior to the effective date of such withdrawal, and upon 
written request, he shall be afforded an opportunity for a hearing in 
accordance with the applicable rules of practice (7 CFR, part 1, subpart 
H), with respect to the merits or validity of the withdrawal, but such a 
suspension or other withdrawal shall continue in effect pending the 
outcome of any such hearing unless otherwise ordered by the 
Administrator.
    (4) In any case where inspection service is suspended under this 
paragraph (f) of this section, such service, after appropriate 
corrective action is taken, will be restored immediately, or as soon 
thereafter as an inspector can be made available. In any case where 
inspection service is withdrawn for a specified period under this 
paragraph (f) of this section, the person concerned may, after said 
specified period has expired, apply for inspection service as provided 
in Secs. 59.140 through 59.146.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6657, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further amended at 43 FR 
60138, Dec. 26, 1978; 45 FR 23640, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 
63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.161  Termination of plant approval.

    When inspection service is not performed at any plant for a period 
of at

[[Page 193]]

least 90 days, plant approval shall terminate upon notice by the 
Administrator without further proceedings; provided, however, that this 
section shall not apply to any plant where the Administrator determines 
that such a plant operates on a seasonal basis and the inspection 
service has not been used as a result of such seasonal operation, or 
where operations have ceased due to extraordinary circumstances 
determined by the Administrator as not warranting termination of plant 
approval.

[45 FR 23641, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

Records and Related Requirements for Eggs and Egg Products Handlers and 
                           Related Industries



Sec. 59.200   Records and related requirements.

    (a) Persons engaged in the business of transporting, shipping, or 
receiving any eggs or egg products in commerce, or holding such articles 
so received, and all egg handlers, including hatcheries, shall maintain 
records showing, for a period of 2 years, to the extent that they are 
concerned therewith, the receipt, delivery, sale, movement, and 
disposition of all eggs and egg products handled by them, and shall, 
upon the request of an authorized representative of the Secretary, 
permit him, at reasonable times, to have access to and to copy all such 
records.
    (b) Production records by categories of eggs such as graded eggs, 
nest-run eggs, dirties, checks, leakers, loss, inedible, etc., bills of 
sale, inventories, receipts, shipments, shippers, receivers, dates of 
shipment and receipt, carrier names, etc., as determined by the 
Administrator, shall be maintained by all shell egg handlers and egg 
processing operations, except that, (1) producers who ship all of their 
production as nest-run eggs without segregation need only to maintain 
records indicating the amount of shell eggs shipped, date of shipment, 
and the receivers' name and address, and (2) official egg products 
plants which use all shell eggs received and do not reship any shell 
eggs need only to maintain records indicating the amount of eggs 
received, date received, and the name and address of the shipper.

[37 FR 6657, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982]



Sec. 59.220   Information and assistance to be furnished to inspectors.

    When inspection service is performed at any plant, the plant 
operator shall furnish the inspector such information and assistance as 
may be required for the performance of inspection functions, preparing 
certificates, reports, and for other official duties.

                        Administrative Detention



Sec. 59.240   Detaining product.

    Whenever any eggs or egg products subject to the Act are found by 
any authorized representative of the Secretary upon any premises, and 
there is reason to believe that they are or have been processed, bought, 
sold, possessed, used, transported, or offered or received for sale or 
transportation in violation of the Act or the regulations in this part, 
or that they are in any other way in violation of the Act, or whenever 
any restricted eggs capable of use as human food are found by such a 
representative in the possession of any person not authorized to acquire 
such eggs under the regulations in this part, such articles may be 
detained by such representative for a period not to exceed 20 days, as 
more fully provided in section 19 of the Act. A detention tag or other 
similar device shall be used to identify detained product, and the 
custodian or owner shall be given a written notice of such detention. 
Only authorized representatives of the Secretary shall affix or remove 
detention identification. The provisions of this section shall in no way 
derogate from authority for condemnation or seizure conferred by other 
provisions of the Act, the regulations in this part, or other laws.

[37 FR 6658, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

[[Page 194]]

                   Appeal of an Inspection or Decision



Sec. 59.300   Who may request an appeal inspection or review of an inspector's decision.

    Any appeal inspection may be requested by any interested party who 
is dissatisfied with the determination by an inspector of the class, 
quantity, or condition of any product, and a review may be requested by 
the operator of an official plant with respect to an inspector's 
decision or on any other matter related to inspection in the official 
plant.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.310   Where to file an appeal.

    (a) Appeal of resident inspector's inspection or decision in an 
official plant. Any interested party who is not satisfied with the 
determination of the class, quantity, or condition of product which was 
inspected by an inspector in an official plant and has not left such 
plant, and the operator of any official plant who is not satisfied with 
a decision by an inspector on any other matter relating to inspection in 
such plant may request an appeal inspection or review of the decision by 
the inspector by filing such request with the inspector's immediate 
supervisor.
    (b) All other appeal requests. Any interested party who is not 
satisfied with the determination of the class, quantity, or condition of 
product which has left the official plant where it was inspected or 
which was inspected other than in an official plant may request an 
appeal inspection by filing such request with the Regional Director in 
the region where the product is located or with the Chief of the Grading 
Branch.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; as amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.320  How to file an appeal.

    The request for an appeal inspection or review of an inspector's 
decision may be made orally or in writing. If made orally, written 
confirmation may be required. The applicant shall clearly state the 
identity of the product, the decision which is questioned, and the 
reason(s) for requesting the appeal service. If such appeal request is 
based on the results stated on an official certificate, the original and 
all copies of the certificate available at the appeal inspection site 
shall be provided to the inspector assigned to make the appeal 
inspection.

[60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.330  When an application for an appeal grading or inspection may be refused.

    When it appears to the official with whom an appeal request is filed 
that the reasons given in the request are frivolous or not substantial, 
or that the condition of the product has undergone a material change 
since the original grading or inspection, or that the original lot has 
changed in some manner, or the Act or the regulations in this part have 
not been complied with, the applicant's request for the appeal 
inspection may be refused. In such case, the applicant shall be promptly 
notified of the reason(s) for such refusal.

[60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.340   Who shall perform the appeal.

    (a) An appeal inspection or review of a decision requested under 
Sec. 59.310(a) shall be made by the inspector's immediate supervisor or 
by a licensed inspector assigned by the immediate supervisor other than 
the inspector whose inspection or decision is being appealed.
    (b) The assignment of the inspector(s) who will make the appeal 
inspection under Sec. 59.310(b) shall be made by the Regional Director 
or the Chief of the Grading Branch, Poultry Division, Agricultural 
Marketing Service.



Sec. 59.350   Procedures for selecting appeal samples.

    (a) Prohibition on movement of product. Products shall not have been 
moved from the place where the inspection being appealed was performed 
and must have been maintained under adequate refrigeration when 
applicable.
    (b) Laboratory analyses. The appeal sample shall consist of product 
taken

[[Page 195]]

from the original sample containers plus an equal number of containers 
selected at random. When the original sample containers cannot be 
located, the appeal sample shall consist of product taken at random from 
double the number of original sample containers.
    (c) Condition inspection. The appeal sample shall consist of product 
taken from the original sample containers plus an equal number of 
containers selected at random. A condition appeal cannot be made unless 
all originally sampled containers are available.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.360   Appeal inspection certificates.

    Immediately after an appeal inspection is completed, an appeal 
certificate shall be issued to show that the original inspection was 
sustained or was not sustained. Such certificate shall supersede any 
previously issued certificate for the product involved and shall clearly 
identify the number and date of the superseded certificate. The issuance 
of the appeal certificate may be withheld until any previously issued 
certificate and all copies have been returned when such action is deemed 
necessary to protect the interest of the Government. When the appeal 
inspector assigns a different class to the lot or determines that a net 
weight shortage exists, the lot shall be retained pending correction of 
the labeling or approval of the product disposition by the National 
Supervisor.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.370   Cost of appeals.

    (a) There shall be no cost to the appellant when the appeal 
inspection discloses a material error was made in the original 
determination.
    (b) The costs of an appeal shall be borne by the appellant at an 
hourly rate of $27.36, including travel time and expenses if the appeal 
was frivolous, including but not being limited to the following: The 
appeal inspection discloses that no material error was made in the 
original inspection, the condition of the product has undergone a 
material change since the original inspection, the original lot has 
changed in some manner, or the Act or these regulations have not been 
complied with.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 49571, Oct. 7, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 58 FR 57539, Oct. 26, 1993; 59 FR 52636, 
Oct. 18, 1994]

                              Certificates



Sec. 59.400   Form of certificates.

    All certificates shall be issued on forms approved by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 59.402   Egg products inspection certificates.

    (a) Upon request of the applicant or the Service, any inspector is 
authorized to issue an egg products inspection certificate with respect 
to any lot of egg products inspected by him. In addition, an inspector 
is authorized to issue an inspection certificate covering product 
inspected in whole or in part by another inspector when the inspector 
has knowledge that the product is eligible for certification based on 
personal examination of the product or official inspection records.
    (b) Each egg products inspection certificate shall show the name and 
address of the processor, the class and quantity of the egg products 
covered by such certificate, such shipping marks as are necessary to 
identify such products, all pertinent information concerning the 
wholesomeness thereof, and such other information as the Administrator 
may prescribe or approve.



Sec. 59.404   Erasures or alterations made on official certificates.

    Erasures or alterations shall be initialed by the issuing inspector 
on the original certificate and any copy thereof. All certificates made 
useless through clerical error or otherwise and all certificates 
canceled for whatever cause shall be voided and initialed and the 
original and all other copies shall be forwarded as prescribed by the 
Administrator.

[[Page 196]]



Sec. 59.406   Disposition of official certificates.

    The original and up to two copies of each official certificate shall 
be issued to the applicant or person designated by him. Other copies 
shall be filed and retained in accordance with the disposition schedule 
for inspection program records.

                     Identifying and Marking Product



Sec. 59.410   Egg products required to be labeled.

    Containers and portable tanks of edible egg products, prior to 
leaving the official plant, shall be labeled in accordance with 
Secs. 59.411 through 59.415 and shall bear the official identification 
shown in Figure 2 of Sec. 59.412 or Figure 3 or 4 of Sec. 59.415. Bulk 
transport shipments of liquid pasteurized egg products to nonofficial 
outlets need not be sealed. Bulk shipments of liquid egg products 
transported from one official plant to another shall be sealed and 
accompanied by an official certificate.

[40 FR 20058, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.411  Requirement of formulas and approval of labels for use in official egg products plants.

    (a) No label, container, or packaging material which bears official 
identification may bear any statement that is false or misleading. Any 
label, container, or packaging material which bears any official 
identification shall be used only in such manner as the Administrator 
may prescribe. No label, container, or packaging material bearing 
official identification may be used unless it is approved by the 
Administrator in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. The use 
of finished labels must be approved as prescribed by the Administrator. 
If the label is printed on or otherwise applied directly to the 
container or packaging material, the principal display panel thereof 
shall be considered as the label.
    (b) No label, container, or packaging material bearing official 
identification may be printed or prepared for use until the printers' or 
other final proof has been approved by the Administrator in accordance 
with the regulations in this part, the Egg Products Inspection Act, the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the Fair Packaging and Labeling 
Act, and the regulations promulgated under these acts. Copies of each 
label submitted for approval shall be accompanied by:
    (1) A statement showing by their common or usual names the kinds and 
percentages of the ingredients comprising the egg product. A range may 
be given in cases where the percentages may vary from time to time. 
Formulas are to be expressed in terms of a liquid product except for 
products which are dry blended. Also, for products to be dried, the 
label may show the ingredients in the order of descending proportions by 
weight in the dried form. However, the formula submitted must include 
the percentage of ingredients in both liquid and dried form.
    (2) When required, scientific data demonstrating that the substance 
or mixture is safe and effective for its intended use and does not 
promote deception or cause the product to be otherwise adulterated or 
misbranded.
    (c) Containers of product bearing official identification shall 
display the following information:
    (1) The common or usual name, if any, and if the product is 
comprised of two or more ingredients, such ingredients shall be listed 
in the order of descending proportions by weight in the form in which 
the product is to be marketed (sold), except that ingredients in dried 
products (other than dry blended) may be listed in either liquid or 
dried form. When water (excluding that used to reconstitute dehydrated 
ingredients back to their normal composition) is added to a liquid or 
frozen egg product or to an ingredient of such products (in excess of 
the normal water content of that ingredient), the total amount of water 
added, including the water content of any cellulose or vegetable gums 
used, shall be expressed as a percentage of the total product weight in 
the ingredient statement on the label.
    (2) The name, address, and ZIP code of the packer or distributor. 
When the distributor is shown, it shall be qualified by such terms as 
``packed for,'' ``distributed by,'' or ``distributors'';

[[Page 197]]

    (3) The lot number or approved alternative code number indicating 
date of production;
    (4) The net contents;
    (5) Official identification and plant number;
    (6) Egg products which are produced in an official plant from edible 
shell eggs of other than current production or from other egg products 
produced from shell eggs of other than current production, shall be 
clearly and distinctly labeled in close proximity to the common or usual 
name of the product, e.g., ``Manufactured from eggs of other than 
current production'';
    (7) Egg products produced from edible shell eggs or the egg product 
produced from such shell eggs of the turkey, duck, goose, or guinea 
shall be clearly and distinctly labeled as to the common or usual name 
of the product indicating the type of eggs or egg products used in the 
product, e.g., ``Frozen whole turkey eggs,'' ``Frozen whole chicken and 
turkey eggs.'' Egg products labeled without qualifying words as to the 
type of shell egg used in the product shall be produced only from the 
edible shell egg of the domesticated chicken or the egg product produced 
from such shell eggs.
    (d) Liquid or frozen egg products identified as whole eggs and 
prepared other than in natural proportions, as broken from the shell, 
shall have a total egg solids content of 24.20 percent or greater.
    (e) Nutrition information may be included on labels used to identify 
egg products, providing such labeling complies with the provisions of 21 
CFR part 101, promulgated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 
and the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act. Since these regulations have 
different requirements for consumer packaged products than for bulk 
packaged egg products not for sale or distribution to household 
consumers, label submission shall be accompanied with information 
indicating whether the label covers consumer packaged or bulk packaged 
product. Nutrition labeling is required when nutrients, such as 
proteins, vitamins, and minerals are added to the product, or when a 
nutritional claim or information is presented on the labeling, except 
for the following which are exempt from nutrition labeling requirements:
    (1) Egg products shipped in bulk form for use solely in the 
manufacture of other food and not for distribution to household 
consumers in such bulk form or containers.
    (2) Products containing an added vitamin, mineral, or protein, or 
for which a nutritional claim is made on the label, or in advertising, 
which is supplied for institutional food use only: Provided, That the 
manufacturer or distributor provides the required nutrition information 
directly to those institutions.
    (3) Any nutrient(s) included in product solely for technological 
purpose may be declared solely in the ingredients statement, without 
complying with nutrition labeling, if the nutrient(s) is otherwise not 
referred to in labeling or in advertising. All labels showing nutrition 
information or claims are subject to review by the Food and Drug 
Administration prior to approval by the Department.
    (f) If the Administrator has reason to believe that the statement on 
formulation shows the product to be adulterated or misbranded or that 
any labeling, or the size or form of any container in use or proposed 
for use in respect to egg products at any official plant is false or 
misleading in any way, he may direct that such use be withheld unless 
the labeling or container is modified in such a manner as he may 
prescribe so that it will not be false or misleading, and/or the 
formulation of the product is altered in such a manner that he may 
prescribe so that it is not adulterated, or would not cause misbranding. 
Any person so denied the approval of any label shall be notified 
promptly of the reasons for the denial on a form approved by the 
Administrator. If the person using or proposing to use the label does 
not accept the determination of the Administrator, he may request a 
hearing by filing with the Administrator within 10 days after receiving 
the notice of denial, a written application for a hearing setting forth 
specifically, the errors alleged to have been made by the Administrator 
in denying approval of the label. The use of the label shall be withheld 
pending hearing and final determination by

[[Page 198]]

the Administrator if the Administrator so directs. Hearings held 
pursuant to this subsection shall be presided at by the Administrator. 
The applicant shall be given the opportunity to present evidence both 
oral and written in support of his allegation that the Administrator 
erred in denying approval of the label. The notice of denial together 
with all other available data and information used as a basis for such 
denial shall be considered part of the record. The Administrator may 
take official notice of such matters as are judicially noticed by the 
Courts of the United States and of any other matter of technical, 
scientific, or commercial fact of established character. The 
Administrator shall make his final determination with respect to the 
matter upon the basis of evidence before him. Such determination shall 
be conclusive unless, within 30 days after the receipt of notice of such 
final determination, the person adversely affected thereby appeals to 
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the circuit in which he has his principal 
place of business, or to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia Circuit. The provisions of section 204 of the Packers and 
Stockyards Act of 1921, as amended, shall be applicable to appeals taken 
under this section.

[37 FR 6658, Apr. 1, 1972, as amended at 40 FR 20058, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and further amended at 45 FR 
23641, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; 53 FR 
23751, June 24, 1988; and amended at 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.412   Form of official identification symbol and inspection mark.

    (a) The shield set forth in Figure 1 containing the letters ``USDA'' 
shall be the official identification symbol for purposes of this part 
and, when used, imitated, or simulated in any manner in connection with 
a product, shall be deemed to constitute a representation that the 
product has been officially inspected.
    (b) The inspection mark which is to be used on containers of edible 
egg products shall be contained within the outline of a shield and with 
the wording and design set forth in Figure 2 of this section, except the 
plant number may be preceded by the letter ``P'' in lieu of the word 
``plant''. Alternatively, it may be omitted from the official shield if 
applied on the container's principal display panel or other prominent 
location and preceded by the letter ``P'' or the word ``Plant''.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.018

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.019

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20058, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; as amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.414   Products bearing the official inspection mark.

    Egg products which are permitted to bear the inspection mark shall 
be processed in an official plant from edible shell eggs or other edible 
egg products and may contain other edible ingredients. The official mark 
shall be printed or lithographed and applied as a part of

[[Page 199]]

the principal display panel of the container but shall not be applied to 
a detachable cover.



Sec. 59.415   Use of other official identification.

    Other official identification as shown in this section shall be 
printed or lithographed and applied as a part of the principal display 
panel, but shall not be applied to a detachable cover. The plant number 
may be omitted from the identification if applied elsewhere on the 
container's principal display panel or other prominent location and 
preceded by the letter ``P'' or the word ``plant''. Such products shall 
meet all requirements for egg products which are permitted to bear the 
official inspection mark shown in Sec. 59.412, except for 
pasteurization, heat treatment, or other such methods of treatment 
approved by the Administrator. Such products shall not be released into 
consuming channels until they have been subjected to pasteurization, 
heat treatment, or other approved methods of treatment.
    (a) All nonpasteurized egg products, except as provided in paragraph 
(b) of this section, shipped from an official plant in packaged form 
shall be marked with the identification set forth in Figure 3 of this 
section. After pasteurization or treatment, the product may bear the 
official inspection mark as shown in Sec. 59.412.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.020

    (b) All nonpasteurized egg products, containing 10 percent or more 
added salt, shipped from an official plant in packaged form to an acidic 
dressing manufacturer shall be marked with the identification set forth 
in Figure 4 of this section.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.021

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended 
at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.417   Unauthorized use or disposition of approved labels.

    (a) Containers or labels which bear official identification approved 
for use pursuant to Sec. 59.411 shall be used only for the purpose for 
which approved. Any unauthorized use or disposition of approved 
containers or labels which bear any official identification may result 
in cancellation of the approval and denial of the use of containers or 
labels bearing official identification and may subject such violator to 
the penalties and denial of the benefits of the Act;
    (b) The use of simulations or imitations of any official 
identification by any person is prohibited;
    (c) Upon termination of inspection service in an official plant 
pursuant to these regulations, all labels or packaging materials 
indicating product packed by the plant which bear official 
identification shall either be destroyed under the supervision of the 
Service or, if used in another location, modified in a manner acceptable 
to the Service before use.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975; 42 FR 
2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 
46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.418   Supervision of marking and packaging.

    (a) Evidence of label approval. No inspector shall authorize the use 
of official identification on any inspected product unless he has on 
file evidence that such official identification or

[[Page 200]]

packaging material bearing such official identification has been 
approved in accordance with the provisions of Sec. 59.411.
    (b) Affixing of official identification. No official identification 
shall be, or caused to be affixed to or placed on any product or 
container except by an inspector or under the supervision of an 
inspector or other person authorized by the Administrator. All such 
products shall have been inspected in accordance with these regulations. 
The inspector shall have supervision over the use and handling of all 
material bearing any official identification.
    (c) Labels for products sold under Government contract. The 
inspector in the official plant may approve use of labels for containers 
of product sold under a contract specification to governmental agencies 
when such product is not offered for resale to the general public: 
Provided, That the contract specifications have been approved by the 
Administrator and include complete specific requirements with respect to 
labeling and are made available to the inspector.



Sec. 59.419   Reuse of containers bearing official identification prohibited.

    The reuse, by any person, of containers bearing official 
identification is prohibited unless such identification is applicable in 
all respects to product being packed therein. In such instances, the 
container and label may be used provided the packaging is accomplished 
under the supervision of an inspector and the container is in compliance 
with Sec. 59.504(k).

          Inspection, Reinspection, Condemnation, and Retention



Sec. 59.420   Inspection.

    (a) Continuous inspection shall be made, pursuant to these 
regulations, of the processing of egg products in each official plant 
processing egg products for commerce unless exempted under Sec. 59.100. 
Inspections, certifications, or specification-type gradings, and other 
inspections which may be requested by the official plant and are in 
addition to the normal inspection requirements and functions for the 
processing, production, or certification of a wholesome egg product 
under this part, shall be made pursuant to the voluntary egg products 
inspection service (part 55 of this chapter).
    (b) Any food manufacturing establishment or institution which uses 
any eggs that do not meet the requirements of Sec. 59.100(a) in the 
preparation of any articles for human food shall be deemed to be a plant 
processing egg products requiring continuous inspection under this part.
    (c) Any product which is prepared under inspection in an official 
plant shall be inspected in such plant as often as the inspector deems 
necessary in order to ascertain if the product is unadulterated, 
wholesome, properly labeled, and fit for human food at the time it 
leaves the plant. Upon any such inspection, if any product or portion 
thereof is found to be adulterated, unwholesome, or otherwise unfit for 
human food, such product or portion thereof shall be condemned and shall 
receive such treatment as provided in Sec. 59.422.



Sec. 59.422  Condemnation.

    Eggs and egg products found to be adulterated at official plants 
shall be condemned and, if no appeal be taken from such determination of 
condemnation, such articles shall be destroyed for human food purposes 
under the supervision of an inspector: Provided, That articles which may 
by reprocessing be made not adulterated need not be condemned and 
destroyed if so reprocessed under the supervision of an inspector and 
thereafter found to be not adulterated. If an appeal is requested, the 
eggs or egg products shall be appropriately marked and segregated 
pending completion of an appeal inspection. The appeal shall be at the 
cost of the appellant if the Administrator determines that the appeal is 
frivolous, as defined in Sec. 59.370.



Sec. 59.424  Reinspection.

    (a) No egg product may be brought into an official plant except as 
provided in Sec. 59.430(b) unless it has been prepared and handled in 
accordance with these regulations, and the container of such product is 
marked so as to identify the article as so inspected in accordance with 
this part.

[[Page 201]]

    (b) All egg products shall be reinspected by an inspector at the 
time they are brought into the official plant. Upon reinspection, if any 
such product or portion thereof is found to be unsound, unwholesome, 
adulterated, or otherwise unfit for human food, such product or portion 
thereof, shall be condemned and shall receive such treatment as provided 
in Sec. 59.422, and shall, in the case of other products be disposed of 
according to applicable law.



Sec. 59.426   Retention.

    Retention tags or other devices and methods as may be approved by 
the Administrator shall be used for the identification and control of 
products which are not in compliance with the regulations or are held 
for further examination, and any equipment, utensils, rooms or 
compartments which are found to be unclean or otherwise in violation of 
the regulations. No product, equipment, utensil, room, or compartment 
shall be released for use until it has been made acceptable. Such 
identification shall not be removed by anyone other than an inspector.

           Entry of Material Into Official Egg Products Plants



Sec. 59.430   Limitation on entry of material.

    (a) The Administrator shall limit the entry of eggs and egg products 
and other materials into official plants under such conditions as he may 
prescribe to assure that allowing the entry of such articles will be 
consistent with the purposes of the Act and these regulations.
    (b) Inedible egg products may be brought into an official plant for 
storage and reshipment: Provided, they are handled in such a manner that 
adequate segregation and inventory controls are maintained at all times. 
Inedible egg products may be processed in official plants: Provided, 
That prior approval is obtained from the Administrator and under such 
conditions and time limitations as the Administrator may specify. The 
processing of inedible egg products shall be done under conditions which 
will not affect the processing of edible products, such as processing in 
separate areas, or at times when no edible product is being processed. 
All equipment and processing areas must be thoroughly cleaned and 
sanitized prior to processing any edible product.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 59.435   Wholesomeness and approval of materials.

    (a) Substances and ingredients used in the manufacture or 
preparation of any egg product capable of use as human food shall be 
clean, wholesome, and unadulterated.
    (b) The use of chemical additives in egg products shall be permitted 
only when they are approved by the Administrator. The Administrator may 
require, in addition to listing the ingredients, a declaration of the 
additive, and the purpose of its use.
    (c) Chemical additives to be used in the preparation of egg products 
will be approved only if they comply with the following criteria:
    (1) The additive shall be safe under the conditions of its intended 
use.
    (2) The additive shall not promote deception or cause the product to 
be otherwise adulterated or unwholesome. Scientific data acceptable to 
the Administrator showing that the additive meets the criteria specified 
in this paragraph (c) shall be submitted by the person interested in 
having the additive approved.
    (d) Containers and packing or packaging materials in which shell 
eggs are received into the official plant shall be free from odors and 
materials which could contaminate or adulterate the eggs or egg 
products.



Sec. 59.440   Processing ova.

    (a) Ova from slaughtered poultry may be brought into the official 
plant for processing: Provided, That the ova is from wholesome poultry 
inspected in a plant operating under the Poultry Products Inspection Act 
(21 U.S.C. 451 et seq.) and such product is harvested in a sanitary 
manner, properly handled, cooled, packaged and labeled: And provided 
further, That such product is wholesome and the containers of such 
product bear official identification

[[Page 202]]

which assures the provisions of this paragraph have been met.
    (b) The ova and products containing ova shall be processed, cooled, 
and pasteurized in the official plant in the same manner as liquid, 
frozen, or dried yolk products.
    (c) The labeling for all products containing ova shall be approved 
by the Administrator prior to use.

             Sanitary, Processing, and Facility Requirements



Sec. 59.500   Plant requirements.

    (a) The plant shall be free from objectionable odors, dust, and 
smokeladen air.
    (b) The premises shall be free from refuse, rubbish, waste, and 
other materials and conditions which constitute a source of odors or a 
harbor for insects, rodents, and other vermin.
    (c) The buildings shall be of sound construction and kept in good 
repair to prevent the entrance or harboring of vermin.
    (d) Rooms shall be kept free from refuse, rubbish, waste materials, 
odors, insects, rodents, and from any conditions which may constitute a 
source of odors or engender insects and rodents. Materials and equipment 
not currently needed shall be handled or stored in a manner so as not to 
constitute a sanitary hazard.
    (e) Doors and windows that open to the outside shall be protected 
against the entrance of flies and other insects. Doors and windows 
serving rooms where edible product is exposed shall be so designed and 
installed to prevent the entrance of dust and dirt. Doors leading into 
rooms where edible product is processed shall be of solid construction 
and such doors, other than freezer and cooler doors, shall be fitted 
with self-closing devices.
    (f) Doors and other openings which are accessible to rodents shall 
be of rodent-proof construction.
    (g) There shall be an efficient drainage and plumbing system for the 
plant and premises. Drains and gutters shall be properly installed with 
approved traps and vents. The sewage system shall have adequate slope 
and capacity to readily remove waste from the various processing 
operations. Floor drains shall be equipped with traps, and constructed 
so as to minimize clogging. In new or remodeled construction the 
drainage systems from toilets and laboratories shall not be connected 
with other drainage systems within the plant.
    (h) The water supply (both hot and cold) shall be ample, clean, and 
potable, with adequate pressure and facilities for its distribution 
throughout the plant or portion thereof utilized for egg processing and 
handling operations and protected against contamination and pollution. A 
water report, issued under the authority of a State or municipal health 
agency, certifying to the potability of the water supply shall be 
obtained by the applicant and furnished to the Administrator whenever 
such report is required by the Administrator.
    (i) The floors, walls, ceiling, partitions, posts, doors, and other 
parts of all structures shall be of such materials, construction, and 
finish to permit their ready and thorough cleaning. The floors and 
curbing shall be watertight.
    (j) Each room and each compartment in which any shell eggs or egg 
products are handled or processed shall be so designed, constructed, and 
maintained to insure processing and operating conditions of a clean and 
orderly character, free from objectionable odors and vapors, and 
maintained in a clean and sanitary condition.
    (k) Every precaution shall be taken to exclude dogs, cats, and 
vermin (including, but not being limited to, rodents and insects) from 
the plant, or portion thereof utilized in which shell eggs or egg 
products are handled or stored.
    (l)(1) There shall be a sufficient number of adequately lighted 
dressing rooms and toilet rooms, ample in size, conveniently located and 
separated from the rooms and compartments in which shell eggs or egg 
products are handled, processed, or stored. The dressing rooms and 
toilet rooms shall be separately ventilated, and shall meet all 
requirements as to sanitary construction and equipment.
    (2) The following formula shall serve as a basis for determining the 
toilet facilities required:

[[Page 203]]



------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Toilet 
                     Persons of same sex                         bowls  
                                                                required
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 to 15, inclusive...........................................          1
16 to 35, inclusive..........................................          2
36 to 55, inclusive..........................................       \1\3
56 to 80, inclusive..........................................       \1\4
For each additional 30 persons in excess of 80...............       \1\1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Urinals may be substituted for toilet bowls but only to the extent  
  of one-third of the total number of bowls stated.                     


    (m) Lavatory accommodations (including, but not being limited to, 
hot and cold running water, single service towels, and soap which does 
not impart an odor which interferes with accurate evaluation of the 
product) shall be placed at such locations in the plant to assure 
cleanliness of each person handling any shell eggs or egg products. The 
hand washing facilities in the processing areas shall be operated by 
other than hand operated controls and the drains shall be trapped and 
connected to the plumbing system.
    (n) Suitable facilities for cleaning and sanitizing utensils and 
equipment shall be provided at convenient locations throughout the 
plant.
    (o) Refuse rooms shall be provided for the accumulation and storage 
of shells, trash, and other refuse. They shall be separate rooms 
completely enclosed without doorways opening into breaking rooms or 
rooms where egg products or packaging materials are handled or stored 
and have concrete floors with approved drains, facilities for cleaning, 
and an approved exhaust system vented to the outside. Alternative 
systems of handling shells, trash, and other refuse may be approved by 
the Administrator when such systems adequately contain all refuse and 
provide equivalent sanitary methods for the handling and removal of 
refuse.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971, as amended at 40 
FR 20059, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
further amended at 45 FR 23641, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 
63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.502   Equipment and utensils; PCB-containing equipment.

    (a) Equipment and utensils used in processing shell eggs and egg 
products shall be of such design, material, and construction as will:
    (1) Enable the examination, segregation, and processing of such 
products in an efficient, clean, and satisfactory manner;
    (2) Permit easy access to all parts to insure thorough cleaning and 
sanitizing. So far as is practicable, all such equipment shall be made 
of metal or other impervious material which will not affect the product 
by chemical action or physical contact.
    (b) Except as authorized by the Administrator, in new or remodeled 
equipment and equipment installations, the equipment and installation 
shall comply with the applicable 3-A or E-3-A Sanitary Standards and 
accepted practices currently in effect for such equipment.
    (c) New or replacement equipment or machinery (including any 
replacement parts) brought onto the premises of any official plant shall 
not contain liquid polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in concentrations 
above 50 parts per million by weight of the liquid medium. This 
provision applies to both food processing and nonfood processing 
equipment and machinery, and any replacement parts for such equipment 
and machinery. Totally enclosed capacitors containing less than 3 pounds 
of PCBs are exempted from this prohibition.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 45 FR 68919, Oct. 17, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.504   General operating procedures.

    (a) Operations involving processing, storing, and handling of shell 
eggs, ingredients, and egg products shall be strictly in accord with 
clean and sanitary methods and shall be conducted as rapidly as 
practicable. Pasteurization, heat treatment, stabilization, and other 
processes shall be in accord with this part and as approved by the 
Administrator. Processing methods and temperatures in all operations 
shall be such as will prevent a deterioration of the egg products.
    (b) Shell eggs and egg products processed in official plants shall 
be subjected to constant and continuous inspection throughout each and 
every processing operation. Any shell egg or egg product which was not 
processed in accordance with these regulations or is

[[Page 204]]

not fit for human food shall be removed and segregated.
    (c) All loss and inedible eggs or egg products shall be placed in a 
container clearly labeled ``inedible'' and containing a sufficient 
amount of approved denaturant or decharacterant, such as FD&C brown, 
blue, black, or green colors, meat and fish by-products, grain and 
milling by-products, or any other substance, as approved by the 
Administrator, that will accomplish the purposes of this section. Shell 
eggs shall be crushed and the substance shall be dispersed through the 
product in amounts sufficient to give the product a distinctive 
appearance or odor. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and upon permission 
of the Inspector, the applicant may hold inedible product in containers 
clearly labeled inedible which do not contain a denaturant if such 
inedible product is denatured or decharacterized prior to shipment from 
the official plant: Provided, That such product is properly packaged, 
labeled, segregated, and inventory controls are maintained. In addition, 
product shipped from the official plant for industrial use or animal 
food need not be denatured or decharacterized, provided, that such 
product is properly packaged, labeled, segregated, and inventory 
controls are maintained, and that such product is shipped under 
Government seal and certificate and received at the destination location 
by an inspector or grader as defined in this part.
    (d) The inspector may, prior to receipt of laboratory results for 
salmonella, or for other reasons such as labeling as to solids content, 
permit egg products to be shipped from the official plant when he has no 
reason to suspect noncompliance with any of the provisions of this part. 
However, such shipments shall be made under circumstances which will 
assure the return of the product to the plant for reprocessing, 
relabeling, or under such other conditions as the Administrator may 
determine to assure compliance with this part.
    (e) Pasteurizing, stabilizing, or drying operations shall start as 
soon as practicable after breaking to prevent deterioration of product, 
preferably within 72 hours from time of breaking for egg products other 
than whites which are to be desugared.
    (f) Each person who is to handle any exposed or unpacked egg 
products or any utensils or container which may come into contact with 
egg product, shall wash his hands and maintain them in a clean 
condition.
    (g) No product or material which creates an objectionable condition 
shall be processed, stored, or handled in any room, compartment, or 
place where any shell eggs or egg products are processed, stored or 
handled.
    (h) Only germicides, insecticides, rodenticides, detergents, or 
wetting agents or other similar compounds which will not deleteriously 
affect the eggs or egg products when used in an approved manner and 
which have been approved by the Administrator, may be used in an 
official plant. The identification, storage, and use of such compounds 
shall be in a manner approved by the Administrator.
    (i) Utensils and equipment which are contaminated during the course 
of processing any shell eggs or egg products shall be removed from use 
immediately and shall not be used again until cleaned and sanitized.
    (j) Any substance or ingredient added in the processing of any egg 
products shall be clean and fit for human food.
    (k) Packages or containers for egg products shall be of sanitary 
design and clean when being filled with any egg products; and all 
reasonable precautions shall be taken to avoid soiling or contaminating 
the surface of any package or container liner which is, or will be, in 
direct contact with such egg products. Only new containers or used 
containers that are clean, in sound condition and lined with suitable 
inner liners shall be used for packaging edible egg products. Fiber 
containers used without liners require the approval of the 
Administrator.
    (l) Egg products shall be inspected to determine the wholesomeness 
of the finished product.
    (m) Egg products shall be processed in such a manner as to insure 
the immediate removal of blood and meat spots, shell particles, and 
foreign materials.
    (n) Utensils and equipment, except drying units, powder conveyors, 
sifters,

[[Page 205]]

blenders, and mechanical powder coolers shall be clean and sanitized at 
the start of processing operations. Equipment and utensils shall be kept 
clean and sanitary during all processing operations.
    (o) Egg products prior to being released into consuming channels 
shall be pasteurized in accordance with Sec. 59.570 except that dried 
whites prepared from nonpasteurized liquid shall be heat treated in 
accordance with Sec. 59.575.
    (1) To assure adequate pasteurization, egg products shall be sampled 
and tested for the presence of salmonella. Sampling for the presence of 
salmonella shall be in accordance with Sec. 59.580 and product found to 
be salmonella positive shall be reprocessed, pasteurized, and analyzed 
for the presence of salmonella, or denatured.
    (2) Nonpasteurized or salmonella positive egg product may be shipped 
from an official plant only when it is to be pasteurized, repasteurized, 
or heat treated in another official plant. Shipments of products from 
one official plant to another for pasteurization, repasteurization, or 
heat treatment shall be in sealed cars or trucks with an accompanying 
certificate stating that the product is not pasteurized or is salmonella 
positive. If nonpasteurized or salmonella positive products are to be 
stored in other than the official plant facilities, the inspector at the 
consignee's and consignor's plants shall be given full knowledge of the 
disposition of the product, including warehouse inventory receipts, 
until such time as product is pasteurized, repasteurized, or heat 
treated. The containers of such nonpasteurized or salmonella positive 
product shall be marked with the identification mark shown in Figure 3 
of Sec. 59.415.
    (3) Notwithstanding the provision of paragraph (o)(2) of this 
section, nonpasteurized salted egg products containing 10 percent or 
more salt added may be shipped from an official plant directly to a 
manufacturer of acidic dressings only under the following provisions:
    (i) Before such shipment is made, the manufacturer of the acidic 
dressing shall apply in writing and receive permission from the 
Administrator to receive and use unpasteurized egg products. The 
applicant shall sign a written statement containing the specification 
for the treatment of the nonpasteurized egg product in a manner that 
will insure that viable salmonella microorganisms are destroyed, and 
such processing treatment shall be approved by the Administrator prior 
to use.
    (ii) Product shall be shipped under seal from the official plant, 
accompanied by an official USDA certificate stating that the product is 
nonpasteurized and for use in acidic dressings only.
    (iii) The applicant shall acknowledge receipt of each shipment by 
indicating on the reverse side of the USDA certificate. ``The quantity 
of nonpasteurized egg product stated on this certificate was received at 
----------,'' the blank being filled in with the name and address of the 
receiving company and the date and signature of the person completing 
the form. The certificate shall be returned to the USDA inspector at the 
origin plant.
    (iv) The acidic dressing manufacturer shall maintain processing 
records indicating the use of each shipment of unpasteurized salted 
product and the code lots of acidic dressing into which it was 
processed. Records of the pH and the acidity expressed as percent acetic 
acid of each code lot shall be maintained. The records shall also 
demonstrate that the acidic dressing was held 72 hours prior to 
shipment. These records shall be maintained for 2 years and shall be 
available for inspection by a representative of the Department.
    (v) Each container of salted egg product shipped from the official 
plant shall be labeled as required in Sec. 59.411, and shall bear the 
words ``Caution--this egg product has not been pasteurized or otherwise 
treated to destroy viable salmonella microorganisms,'' and shall bear 
the official identification shown in figure 4 of Sec. 59.415.
    (p) Air which is to come in contact with product or with product 
contact surfaces shall come from approved filtered outside air sources.
    (q) All liquid and solid waste material in the official plant shall 
be disposed of in a manner approved by the

[[Page 206]]

Administrator to prevent product contamination and in accordance with 
acceptable environmental protection practices.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6658, Apr. 1, 1972; 40 FR 
20059, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 
46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 1982; 60 
FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.506   Candling and transfer-room facilities and equipment.

    (a) The room shall be so constructed that it can be adequately 
darkened to assure accuracy in removal of inedible or loss eggs by 
candling. Equipment shall be arranged so as to facilitate cleaning and 
the removal of refuse and excess packing material.
    (b) The construction of the floor shall allow thorough cleaning. The 
floors shall be of water-resistant composition and provided with proper 
drainage.
    (c) An approved exhaust system shall be provided for the continuous 
removal directly to the outside of any steam, vapors, odors, or dust in 
the room. The room shall be maintained at reasonable working 
temperatures during operations.
    (d) Candling devices of an approved type shall be provided to enable 
candlers to detect loss, inedible, dirty eggs, and eggs other than 
chicken eggs.
    (e) Leaker trays shall be made of a material and of such design that 
is conducive to easy cleaning and sanitizing.
    (f) Containers made of a material and of such design that are 
conducive to easy cleaning shall be provided for inedible eggs. All such 
containers shall be conspicuously marked.
    (g) Containers made of a material and of such design that are 
conducive to easy cleaning shall be provided for trash unless clean, 
disposable containers are furnished daily.
    (h) Shell egg conveyors shall be constructed so that they can be 
thoroughly cleaned.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.508   Candling and transfer-room operations.

    (a) Candling and transfer rooms and equipment shall be kept clean, 
free from cobwebs, dust, objectionable odors, and excess packing 
materials.
    (b) Containers for trash and inedible eggs shall be removed from the 
candling rooms as often as necessary but at least once daily; and shall 
be cleaned and treated in such a manner as will prevent off odors or 
objectionable conditions in the plant.
    (c) Shell eggs shall be handled in a manner to minimize sweating 
prior to breaking.
    (d) Shell eggs with extensively damaged shells, unless prohibited 
under Sec. 59.510(d), shall be placed into leaker trays and shall be 
broken promptly.



Sec. 59.510   Classifications of shell eggs used in the processing of egg products.

    (a) The shell eggs shall be sorted and classified into the following 
categories in a manner approved by the National Supervisor:
    (1) Eggs listed in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Dirty.
    (3) Leakers as described in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    (4) Eggs from other than chicken; duck, turkey, guinea, and goose 
eggs.
    (5) Other eggs--satisfactory for use as breaking stock.
    (b) Shell eggs having strong odors or eggs received in cases having 
strong odors shall be candled and broken separately to determine their 
acceptability.
    (c) Shell eggs, when presented for breaking, shall be of edible 
interior quality and the shell shall be sound and free of adhering dirt 
and foreign material, except that:
    (1) Checks and eggs with a portion of the shell missing may be used 
when the shell is free of adhering dirt and foreign material and the 
shell membranes are not ruptured.
    (2) Eggs with clean shells which are damaged in candling and/or 
transfer and have a portion of the shell and shell membranes missing may 
be used only when the yolk is unbroken and the contents of the egg are 
not exuding over the outside shell. Such eggs shall

[[Page 207]]

be placed in leaker trays and be broken promptly.
    (3) Eggs with meat or blood spots may be used if the spots are 
removed in an acceptable manner.
    (d) All loss or inedible eggs shall be placed in a designated 
container and be handled as required in Sec. 59.504(c). Inedible and 
loss eggs for the purpose of this section and Sec. 59.522 are defined to 
include black rots, white rots, mixed rots, green whites, eggs with 
diffused blood in the albumen or on the yolk, crusted yolks, stuck 
yolks, developed embryos at or beyond the blood ring state, moldy eggs, 
sour eggs, any eggs that are adulterated as such term is defined 
pursuant to this part, and any other filthy and decomposed eggs 
including the following:
    (1) Any egg with visible foreign matter other than removable blood 
and meat spots in the egg meat.
    (2) Any egg with a portion of the shell and shell membranes missing 
and with egg meat adhering to or in contact with the outside of the 
shell.
    (3) Any egg with dirt or foreign material adhering to the shell and 
with cracks in the shell and shell membranes.
    (4) Liquid egg recovered from shell egg containers and leaker trays.
    (5) Open leakers made in the washing operation.
    (6) Any egg which shows evidence that the contents are or have been 
exuding prior to transfer from the case.
    (e) Incubator reject eggs shall not be brought into the official 
plant.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 59.515   Egg cleaning operations.

    (a) The following requirements shall be met when washing shell eggs 
to be presented for breaking:
    (1) Shell egg cleaning equipment shall be kept in good repair and 
shall be cleaned after each day's use or more frequently if necessary.
    (2) The temperature of the wash water shall be maintained at 90 
deg.F or higher, and shall be at least 20  deg.F warmer than the 
temperature of the eggs to be washed. These temperatures shall be 
maintained throughout the cleaning cycle.
    (3) An approved cleaning compound shall be used in the wash water. 
(The use of metered equipment for dispensing the compound into solution 
is recommended.)
    (4) Wash water shall be changed approximately every 4 hours or more 
often if needed to maintain sanitary conditions and at the end of each 
shift. Remedial measures shall be taken to prevent excess foaming during 
the egg washing operation.
    (5) Replacement water shall be added continuously to the wash water 
of washers to maintain a continuous overflow. Rinse water and chlorine 
sanitizing rinse may be used as part of the replacement water. Iodine 
sanitizing rinse may not be used as part of the replacement water.
    (6) Waste water from the egg washing operation shall be piped 
directly to drains.
    (7) The washing operation shall be continuous and shall be completed 
as rapidly as possible. Eggs shall not be allowed to stand or soak in 
water. Immersion-type washers shall not be used.
    (8) Prewetting shell eggs prior to washing may be accomplished by 
spraying a continuous flow of water over the eggs in a manner which 
permits the water to drain away, or by other methods which may be 
approved by the Administrator.
    (b) Shell eggs shall not be washed in the breaking room or any room 
where edible products are processed.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.516  Sanitizing and drying of shell eggs prior to breaking.

    (a) Immediately prior to breaking, all shell eggs shall be spray 
rinsed with potable water containing an approved sanitizer of not less 
than 100 ppm nor more than 200 ppm of available chlorine or its 
equivalent. Alternative procedures may be approved by the Administrator 
in lieu of sanitizing shell eggs washed in the plant.

[[Page 208]]

    (b) Shell eggs shall be sufficiently dry at time of breaking to 
prevent contamination or adulteration of the liquid egg product from 
free moisture on the shell.

[60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.520   Breaking room facilities.

    (a) The breaking room shall have at least 30 foot-candles of light 
on all working surfaces except that light intensity shall be at least 50 
foot-candles at breaking and inspection stations. Lights shall be 
protected with adequate safety devices.
    (b) The surface of the ceiling and walls shall be smooth and made of 
a water-resistant material.
    (c) The floor shall be of water-proof composition, reasonably free 
from cracks or rough surfaces, sloped for adequate drainage, and the 
intersections with walls and curbing shall be impervious to water.
    (d) Ventilation shall provide for:
    (1) A positive flow of outside filtered air through the room;
    (2) Air of suitable working temperature during operations.
    (e) There shall be provided adequate hand washing facilities which 
are easily accessible to all breaking personnel, an adequate supply of 
warm water, clean towels or other facilities for drying hands, odorless 
soap, and containers for used towels. Hand washing facilities shall be 
operated by other than hand operated controls.
    (f) Containers for packaging egg products are not acceptable as 
liquid egg buckets.
    (g) A suitable container conspicuously identified shall be provided 
for the disposal of rejected liquid.
    (h) Strainers, filters, or centrifugal clarifiers of approved 
construction shall be provided for the effective removal of shell 
particles and foreign material, unless specific approval is obtained 
from the National Supervisor for other mechanical devices.
    (i) A separate drawoff room with a filtered positive air ventilation 
system shall be provided for packaging liquid egg product, except 
product packaged by automatic, closed packaging systems.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981]



Sec. 59.522   Breaking room operations.

    (a) The breaking room shall be kept in a dust-free clean condition 
and free from flies, insects, and rodents. The floor shall be kept clean 
and reasonably dry during breaking operations and free of egg meat and 
shells.
    (b) All breaking room personnel shall wash their hands thoroughly 
with odorless soap and water each time they enter the breaking room and 
prior to receiving clean equipment after breaking an inedible egg.
    (c) Paper towels or tissues shall be used at breaking tables, and 
shall not be reused. Cloth towels are not permitted.
    (d) Breakers shall use a complete set of clean equipment when 
starting work and after lunch periods. All table equipment shall be 
rotated with clean equipment every 2\1/2\ hours.
    (e) Cups shall not be filled to overflowing.
    (f) Each shell egg shall be broken in a satisfactory and sanitary 
manner and inspected for wholesomeness by smelling the shell or the egg 
meat and by visual examination at the time of breaking. All egg meat 
shall be reexamined by a person qualified to perform such functions 
before being emptied into the tank or churn, except as otherwise 
approved by the National Supervisor.
    (g) Shell particles, meat and blood spots, and other foreign 
material accidentally falling into the cups or trays shall be removed 
with a spoon or other approved instrument.
    (h) Whenever an inedible egg is broken, the affected breaking 
equipment shall be cleaned and sanitized.
    (i) Inedible and loss eggs as defined in Sec. 59.510 apply to this 
section.
    (j) The contents of any cup or other liquid egg receptacle 
containing one or more inedible or loss eggs shall be rejected.
    (k) Contents of drip trays shall be emptied into a cup and smelled 
carefully before pouring into liquid egg

[[Page 209]]

bucket. Drip trays shall be emptied at least once for each 15 dozen eggs 
or every 15 minutes.
    (l) Edible leakers as defined in Sec. 59.510(c)(2) and checks which 
are liable to be smashed in the breaking operation shall be broken at a 
separate station by specially trained personnel.
    (m) Ingredients and additives used in, or for, processing egg 
products, shall be handled in a clean and sanitary manner.
    (n) Liquid egg containers shall not pass through the candling room.
    (o) Test kits shall be provided and used to determine the strength 
of the sanitizing solution. (See Secs. 59.515(a)(9) and 59.552.)
    (p) Leaker trays shall be washed and sanitized whenever they become 
soiled and at the end of each shift.
    (q) Shell egg containers whenever dirty shall be cleaned and 
drained; and shall be cleaned, sanitized, and drained at the end of each 
shift.
    (r) Belt-type shell egg conveyors shall be cleaned and sanitized 
approximately every 4 hours in addition to continuous cleaning during 
operation. When not in use, belts shall be raised to permit air drying.
    (s) Cups, knives, racks, separators, trays, spoons, liquid egg 
pails, and other breaking equipment, except for mechanical egg breaking 
equipment, shall be cleaned and sanitized at least every 2\1/2\ hours. 
This equipment shall be cleaned at the end of each shift and shall be 
clean and sanitized immediately prior to use.
    (t) Utensils and dismantled equipment shall be drained and air dried 
on approved self-draining metal racks and shall not be nested.
    (u) Dump tanks, drawoff tanks, and churns shall be cleaned 
approximately every 4 hours. All such equipment and all other liquid 
handling equipment, unless cleaned by acceptable cleaned in-place 
methods, shall be dismantled and cleaned after each shift. 
Pasteurization equipment shall be cleaned at the end of each day's use 
or more often if necessary. All such equipment shall be clean and shall 
be sanitized prior to placing in use.
    (v) Strainers, clarifiers, filtering and other devices used for 
removal of shell particles and other foreign material shall be cleaned 
and sanitized each time it is necessary to change such equipment, but at 
least once each 4 hours of operation.
    (w) Breaking room processing equipment shall not be stored on the 
floor.
    (x) Metal containers and lids for other than dried products shall be 
thoroughly washed, rinsed, sanitized, and drained immediately prior to 
filling. The foregoing sequence shall not be required if equally 
effective measures approved by the National Supervisor in writing are 
followed to assure clean and sanitary containers at the time of filling.
    (y) Liquid egg holding vats and containers (including tank trucks) 
used for transporting liquid eggs shall be cleaned after each use. Such 
equipment shall be clean and sanitized immediately prior to placing in 
use.
    (z) Tables, shell conveyors, and containers for inedible egg product 
shall be cleaned at the end of each shift.
    (aa) Mechanical egg breaking machines shall be operated at a rate to 
maintain complete control and accurately inspect and segregate each egg 
to insure the removal of all loss and inedible eggs. The machine shall 
be operated in a sanitary manner.
    (1) When an inedible egg is encountered on mechanical egg breaking 
equipment, the inedible egg and contaminated liquid shall be removed. 
The machine shall be cleaned and sanitized, or contaminated parts 
replaced with clean ones in the manner prescribed by the Administrator 
for the type of inedible egg encountered and the kind of egg breaking 
machine.
    (2) Systems for pumping egg liquid directly from egg breaking 
machines shall be of approved sanitary design and construction, and 
designed to minimize the entrance of shells into the system and be 
disconnected when inedible eggs are encountered. The pipelines of the 
pumping system shall be cleaned or flushed as often as needed to 
maintain them in a sanitary condition, and they shall be cleaned and 
sanitized at the end of each shift. Other pumping system equipment shall 
be cleaned and sanitized approximately every 4 hours or as often as 
needed to maintain it in a sanitary condition. All liquid egg

[[Page 210]]

pumped directly from egg breaking machines shall be reexamined, except 
as otherwise prescribed and approved by the Administrator.
    (3) Mechanical egg breaking equipment shall be clean and sanitized 
prior to use, and during operations the machines shall be cleaned and 
sanitized approximately every 4 hours or more often if needed to 
maintain them in a sanitary condition. This equipment shall be cleaned 
at the end of each shift.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972; 40 FR 
20059, May 8, 1975; 40 FR 20941, May 14, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 
32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.530   Liquid egg cooling.

    (a) Liquid egg storage rooms, including surface coolers and holding 
tank rooms, shall be kept clean and free from objectionable odors and 
condensation. Surface coolers and liquid holding vats containing product 
shall be kept covered while in use. Liquid cooling units shall be of 
approved construction and have sufficient capacity to cool all liquid 
eggs to the temperature requirements specified in this section.
    (b) Compliance with temperature requirements applying to liquid eggs 
shall be considered as satisfactory only if the entire mass of the 
liquid meets the requirements.
    (c) The cooling and temperature requirements for liquid egg products 
shall be as specified in Table I of this section.

                                      Table I--Minimum Cooling and Temperature Requirements for Liquid Egg Products                                     
                                        [Unpasterurized product temperature within 2 hours from time of breaking]                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Liquid (other than                                                                       
                                       Liquid (other than      salt product) to be                           Temperature within 2   Temperature within 3
              Product                  salt product) to be     held in excess of 8    Liquid salt product        hours after            hours after     
                                      held 8 hours or less            hours                                     pasteurization         stabilization    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Whites (not to be stabilized)......  55  deg.F. or lower...  45  deg.F. or lower...  .....................  45  deg.F. or lower..                       
Whites (to be stabilized)..........  70  deg.F. or lower...  55  deg.F. or lower...  .....................  55  deg.F. or lower..  (\1\)                
All other product (except product    45  deg.F. or lower...  40  deg.F. or lower...  .....................  If to be held 8 hours  If to be held 8 hours
 with 10 percent or more salt                                                                                or less 45  deg.F.     or less, 45  deg.F. 
 added).                                                                                                     or lower. If to be     or lower. If to be  
                                                                                                             held in excess of 8    held in excess of 8 
                                                                                                             hours, 40  deg.F. or   hours, 40  deg.F. or
                                                                                                             lower.                 lower.              
Liquid egg product with 10 percent   ......................  ......................  If to be held 30       65  deg.F. or                               
 or more salt added.                                                                  hours or less, 65      lower\2\.                                  
                                                                                      deg.F. or lower. If                                               
                                                                                      to be held in excess                                              
                                                                                      of 30 hours, 45                                                   
                                                                                      deg.F. or lower.                                                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Stabilized liquid whites shall be dried as soon as possible after removal of glucose. The storage of stabilized liquid whites shall be limited to   
  that necessary to provide a continuous operation.                                                                                                     
\2\ The cooling process shall be continued to assure that any salt product to be held in excess of 24 hours is cooled and maintained at 45  deg.F. or   
  lower.                                                                                                                                                

    (d) Upon written request and under such conditions as may be 
prescribed by the National Supervisor, liquid cooling and holding 
temperatures not otherwise provided for in this section may be approved.
    (e) Agitators shall be operated in such a manner as will minimize 
foaming.
    (f) When ice is used as an emergency refrigerant by being placed 
directly into the egg meat, the source of the ice must be certified by 
the local or State board of health. Such liquid shall be dried. All ice 
shall be handled in a sanitary manner.
    (g) Previously frozen egg or egg product cannot be added to liquid 
product

[[Page 211]]

for the purpose of complying with liquid cooling requirements.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982; 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.532  Liquid egg holding.

    (a) Tanks and vats used for holding liquid eggs shall be of approved 
construction, fitted with covers, and located in rooms maintained in a 
sanitary condition. Notwithstanding the foregoing, tanks designed for 
installation partially outside of a room or building are acceptable, 
providing all openings into the tanks terminate in the processing room.
    (b) Liquid egg holding tanks or vats shall be equipped with suitable 
thermometers and agitators.
    (c) Inlets to holding tanks or vats shall be such as to prevent 
excessive foaming.
    (d) Gaskets, if used, shall be of a sanitary type.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 45 FR 23641, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.534   Freezing facilities.

    (a) Freezing rooms, either on or off the premises, shall be capable 
of freezing all liquid egg products in accordance with the freezing 
requirements as set forth in Sec. 59.536. Use of off-premise freezing 
facilities is permitted only when prior approval in writing from the 
National Supervisor is on file.
    (b) Adequate air circulation shall be provided in all freezing 
rooms.



Sec. 59.536   Freezing operations.

    (a) Freezing rooms shall be kept clean and free from objectionable 
odors.
    (b) Requirements. (1) Nonpasteurized egg products which are to be 
frozen shall be solidly frozen or reduced to a temperature of 10  deg.F 
or lower within 60 hours from time of breaking.
    (2) Pasteurized egg products which are to be frozen shall be solidly 
frozen or reduced to a temperature of 10  deg.F or lower within 60 hours 
from time of pasteurization.
    (3) The temperature of the products not solidly frozen shall be 
taken at the center of the container to determine compliance with this 
section.
    (c) Containers shall be stacked so as to permit circulation of air 
around the containers.
    (d) The outside of liquid egg containers shall be clean and free 
from evidence of liquid egg.
    (e) Frozen egg products shall be examined by organoleptic 
examination after freezing to determine their fitness for human food. 
Any such products which are found to be unfit for human food shall be 
denatured and any official identification mark which appears on any 
container thereof shall be removed or completely obliterated and the 
containers identified as required in Secs. 59.840 and 59.860.



Sec. 59.538   Defrosting facilities.

    (a) Approved metal defrosting tanks or vats constructed so as to 
permit ready and thorough cleaning shall be provided.
    (b) Frozen egg crushers, when used, shall be of approved metal 
construction. The crushers shall permit ready and thorough cleaning and 
the bearings and housing shall be fabricated in such a manner as to 
prevent contamination of the egg products.
    (c) Service tables shall be of approved metal construction without 
open seams and the surfaces shall be smooth to allow thorough cleaning.



Sec. 59.539   Defrosting operations.

    (a) Frozen egg products which are to be defrosted shall be defrosted 
in a sanitary manner.
    (b) Each container of frozen eggs shall be checked for condition and 
odor just prior to being emptied into the crusher or receiving tank. 
Frozen eggs which have objectionable odors and are unfit for human food 
(e.g., sour, musty, fermented, or decomposed odors) shall be denatured.
    (c) Frozen whites to be used in the production of dried albumen may 
be defrosted at room temperature. All other whites shall be defrosted in 
accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.
    (d) Frozen whole eggs, whites and yolks, and yolks may be tempered 
or partially defrosted for not to exceed 48 hours at a room temperature 
no higher

[[Page 212]]

than 40  deg.F. or not to exceed 24 hours at a room temperature above 40 
 deg.F.: Provided, That no portion of the defrosted liquid shall exceed 
50  deg.F. while in or out of the container.
    (1) Frozen eggs packed in metal or plastic containers may be placed 
in running tap water (70 F deg. or lower) without submersion to speed 
defrosting.
    (2) The defrosted liquid shall be held at 40  deg.F. or less, except 
for product to be pasteurized or stabilized by glucose removal as 
provided in Sec. 59.530. Defrosted liquid shall not be held more than 16 
hours prior to processing or drying.
    (e) Sanitary methods shall be used in handling containers and 
removing egg product.
    (f) Crushers and other equipment used in defrosting operations shall 
be dismantled at the end of each shift and shall be washed, rinsed, and 
sanitized.
    (1) Where crushers are used intermittently, they shall be flushed 
after each use and again before being placed in use.
    (2) Floors and work tables shall be kept clean.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.540   Spray process drying facilities.

    (a) Driers shall be of a continuous discharge type and so 
constructed and equipped to prevent an excess accumulation of powder in 
the drier, bags, and powder conveyors.
    (b) Driers shall be of approved construction and materials, with 
welded seams, and the surfaces shall be smooth to allow for thorough 
cleaning.
    (c) Driers shall be equipped with approved air intake filters.
    (d) Air shall be drawn into the drier from sources free from foul 
odors, dust, and dirt.
    (e) Indirect heat or the use of an approved premixing device or 
other approved devices for securing complete combustion in direct-fired 
units is required. A premix-type burner, if used, shall be equipped with 
approved air filters at blower intake.
    (f) High-pressure pump heads and lines shall be of stainless steel 
construction or equivalent which will allow for thorough cleaning.
    (g) Preheating units, if used, shall be of stainless steel 
construction, or equivalent which will allow thorough cleaning.
    (h) Powder conveying equipment shall be so constructed as will 
facilitate thorough cleaning.
    (i) Sifters shall be constructed of an approved metal or metal lined 
interior. The sifting screens and frames shall be of an approved metal 
construction. Sifters shall be so constructed that accumulations of 
large particles or lumps of dried eggs can be removed continuously while 
the sifters are in operation.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.542   Spray process drying operations.

    (a) The drying room shall be kept in a clean condition and free of 
flies, insects, and rodents.
    (b) Low-pressure lines, high-pressure lines, high- and low-pressure 
pumps, homogenizers, and pasteurizers shall be cleaned by acceptable 
inplace cleaning methods or dismantled and cleaned after use or as 
necessary when operations have been interrupted.
    (1) Spray nozzles, orifices, cores, or whizzers shall be cleaned 
immediately after cessation of drying operations.
    (2) Equipment shall be sanitized within 2 hours prior to resuming 
operations.
    (c) Drying units, conveyors, sifters, and packaging systems shall be 
cleaned whenever wet powder is encountered or when other conditions 
occur which would adversely affect the product. The complete drying 
unit, including sifters, conveyors, and powder coolers shall be either 
wet washed or dry cleaned. A combination of wet washing and dry cleaning 
of the complete drying unit shall not be permitted unless that segment 
of the unit to be cleaned in a different manner is completely detached 
or disconnected from the balance of the drying unit.
    (1) Sifters and conveyors used for other than dried albumen shall be 
cleared of powder when such equipment

[[Page 213]]

is not to be used for a period of 24 hours or longer.
    (2) Collector bags shall be cleaned as often as needed to maintain 
them in an acceptable clean condition.
    (d) Powder shall be sifted and the screen shall be replaced whenever 
torn or worn.
    (e) Accumulations of large particles or lumps of dried eggs shall be 
removed from the sifter screens continuously.
    (f) All openings into the drier around ports, augers, high-pressure 
lines, etc., shall be closed to the extent possible during the drying 
operation to prevent entrance of nonfiltered air.
    (g) Openings into the drying unit shall be closed when the drier is 
not in use, except when the drying unit has been completely emptied of 
powder and wet washed. This includes, but is not limited to, openings, 
for the air intake and exhaust systems, nozzle openings, ports, augers, 
etc.



Sec. 59.544   Spray process powder; definitions and requirements.

    (a) Definition of product:
    (1) Primary powder is that powder which is continuously removed from 
the primary or main drying chamber while the drying unit is in 
operation.
    (2) Secondary powder is that powder which is continuously and 
automatically removed from the secondary chamber and/or bag collector 
chamber while the drying unit is in operation.
    (3) Sweep-down powder is that powder which is recovered in the 
brush-down process from the primary or secondary chamber and conveyors.
    (4) Brush bag powder is that powder which is brushed from the 
collector bags.
    (b) Secondary powder shall be continuously discharged and mixed with 
the primary powder by methods approved by the Administrator.
    (c) Edible dried egg products, including edible ingredients which 
may be added to such dried products, may be dry-blended: Provided, That 
the blending is done in a room as provided in Sec. 59.548 or in a closed 
blending system and in accordance with clean, sanitary practices and 
such procedures as may be prescribed by the Administrator.
    (d) Any edible dried egg powder may be reconstituted, repasteurized, 
and redried when accomplished in a clean, sanitary manner and in 
accordance with such procedures as may be prescribed by the 
Administrator.
    (e) Edible dried egg powder obtained from the sweep down, 
screenings, brush bag (except for brush bag powder from albumen driers), 
and improperly dried or scorched powder shall be reconstituted, 
repasteurized, and redried.
    (f) Approximately the first and last 175 pounds of powder from the 
main driers for each continuous operation shall be checked for 
improperly dried or scorched powder.



Sec. 59.546   Albumen flake process drying facilities.

    (a) Drying facilities shall be constructed in such a manner as will 
allow thorough cleaning and be equipped with approved intake filters.
    (b) The intake air source shall be free from foul odors, dust, and 
dirt.
    (c) Premix-type burners, if used, shall be equipped with approved 
air filters at blower intake.
    (d) Fermentation tanks, drying pans, trays or belts, scrapers, 
curing racks, and equipment used for pulverizing pan dried albumen shall 
be constructed of approved materials in such a manner as will permit 
thorough cleaning.
    (e) Sifting screens shall be constructed of approved materials in 
such a manner as will permit thorough cleaning and be in accordance with 
the specification for the type of albumen produced.



Sec. 59.547   Albumen flake process drying operations.

    (a) The fermentation, drying, and curing rooms shall be kept in a 
dust-free clean condition and free of flies, insects, and rodents.
    (b) Drying units, racks, and trucks shall be kept in a clean and 
sanitary condition.
    (c) Drying pans, trays, belts, scrapers, or curing racks, if used, 
shall be kept in a clean condition.
    (d) Oils and waxes used in oiling drying pans or trays shall be of 
edible quality.
    (e) Equipment used for pulverizing or sifting dried albumen shall be 
kept in a clean condition.

[[Page 214]]



Sec. 59.548   Drying, blending, packaging, and heat treatment rooms and facilities.

    (a) General: Processing rooms shall be maintained in a clean 
condition and free of flies, insects, and rodents. The drying, blending, 
and packaging rooms shall be well-lighted and have ceilings and walls of 
a tile surface, enamel paint, or other water-resistant material.
    (1) The floors shall be free from cracks or rough surfaces where 
water or dirt could accumulate.
    (2) The intersections of the walls and floors shall be impervious to 
water and the floor shall be sloped for adequate drainage.
    (3) Metal storage racks or cabinets shall be provided for storing of 
tools and accessories.
    (b) Dry blending of edible egg products, including adding edible dry 
ingredients, and/or packaging of spray-dried products shall be done in a 
room separate from other processing operations. Dry blending may also be 
done in other areas: Provided, That it is accomplished in an approved 
closed blending system.
    (1) Blending and packaging rooms for pasteurized products shall be 
provided with an adequate positive flow of approved outside filtered 
air.
    (2) Blending and packaging equipment and accessories which come into 
contact with the dried product shall be of an approved construction 
without open seams and of materials that can be kept clean and which 
will have no deleterious effect on the product. Service tables shall be 
of approved metal construction without open seams and surfaces shall be 
smooth to permit thorough cleaning.
    (3) Package liners shall be inserted in a sanitary manner, and 
equipment and supplies used in the operation shall be kept off the 
floor.
    (4) Utensils used in packaging dried eggs shall be kept clean at all 
times and whenever contaminated shall be cleaned and sanitized. When not 
in use, scoops, brushes, tampers, and other similar equipment shall be 
stored in sanitary cabinets or racks provided for this purpose.
    (5) Automatic container fillers shall be of a type that will 
accurately fill given quantities of product into the containers. Scales 
shall be provided to accurately check the weight of the filled 
containers. All equipment used in mechanically packaging dried egg 
products shall be vacuum cleaned daily.
    (c) The heat treatment room shall be of an approved construction and 
be maintained in a clean condition. The room or rooms shall be of 
sufficient size so that product to be heat treated can be so spaced to 
assure adequate heat and air circulation. The room shall have an 
adequate heat supply and a continuous air circulation system.



Sec. 59.549   Dried egg storage.

    Dried egg storage shall be sufficient to adequately handle the 
production of the plant and shall be kept clean, dry, and free from 
objectionable odors.



Sec. 59.550   Washing and sanitizing room or area facilities.

    (a) This room or area shall be well lighted, and of sufficient size 
to permit operators to properly wash and sanitize all equipment at the 
rate required by the size of the operation. Adequate exhaust shall be 
provided to assure the prompt removal of odors and vapors and the air 
flow shall be away from the breaking room. If the washing and sanitizing 
is not done in a separate room, it shall be in an area well segregated 
from the breaking areas and be well ventilated with air movement 
directed away from the breaking operations so that odors and vapors do 
not permeate the breaking areas.
    (b) Ceiling and walls shall have a surface of tile, enamel paint, or 
other water-resistant material.
    (c) Floors shall be adequately sloped for proper drainage, be free 
from cracks or rough surfaces where water and dirt could accumulate and 
the intersections with walls shall be impervious to water.



Sec. 59.552   Cleaning and sanitizing requirements.

    (a) Cleaning. (1) Equipment used in egg processing operations which 
comes in contact with liquid eggs or exposed edible products shall be 
cleaned to eliminate organic matter and inorganic residues. This may be 
accomplished by any sanitary means but it is

[[Page 215]]

preferable (unless high pressure cleaning is used) to flush soiled 
equipment with clean cool water, dismantle it when possible, wash by 
brushing with warm water containing a detergent and followed by rinsing 
with water. It is essential to have the equipment surfaces thoroughly 
clean if effective sanitizing is to be attained.
    (2) Equipment shall be cleaned with such frequency as is specified 
elsewhere under the sanitary requirements for the particular kind of 
operation and type of equipment involved.
    (3) C.I.P. (cleaned-in-place) shall be considered to be acceptable 
only if the methods and procedures used accomplish cleaning equivalent 
to that obtained by thorough manual washing and sanitizing of dismantled 
equipment. The Administrator shall determine the acceptability of C.I.P. 
cleaning procedures and may require bacteriological tests and periodic 
dismantling of equipment as a basis for such determination.
    (b) Sanitizing. (1) Sanitizing shall be accomplished by such methods 
as approved by the Administrator.
    (i) Chemicals and compounds used for sanitizing shall have approval 
by the Administrator prior to use.
    (ii) Sanitizing by use of hypochlorites or other approved sanitizing 
solutions shall be accomplished by subjecting the equipment surfaces to 
such sanitizing solution containing a maximum strength of 200 p.p.m. of 
available chlorine or its equivalent. These solutions shall be changed 
whenever the strength drops to 100 p.p.m. or less of available chlorine 
or its equivalent.
    (2) Shell eggs which have been sanitized and equipment which comes 
in contact with edible products shall be rinsed with clean water after 
sanitizing if other than hypochlorites are used as sanitizing agents 
unless otherwise approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 59.560   Health and hygiene of personnel.

    (a) Personnel facilities, including toilets, lavatories, lockers, 
and dressing rooms shall be adequate and meet State and local 
requirements for food processing plants.
    (b) Toilets and dressing rooms shall be kept clean and adequately 
ventilated to eliminate odors and kept adequately supplied with soap, 
towels, and tissues. Toilet rooms shall be ventilated to the outside of 
the building.
    (c) No person affected with any communicable disease in a 
transmissible stage or a carrier of such disease, or with boils, sores, 
infected wounds, or wearing cloth bandages on hands shall be permitted 
to come in contact with eggs in any form or with equipment used to 
process such eggs.
    (d) Workers coming into contact with liquid or dried eggs, 
containers, or equipment shall wear clean outer uniforms.
    (e) Plant personnel handling exposed edible product shall wash their 
hands before beginning work, and upon returning to work after leaving 
the work room.
    (f) Expectorating, or other unsanitary practices, shall not be 
permitted.
    (g) Use of tobacco in any form or the wearing of jewelry, nail 
polish, or perfumes shall not be permitted in any area where edible 
products are exposed.
    (h) Hair nets or caps shall be properly worn by all persons in 
breaking and packaging rooms.



Sec. 59.570   Pasteurization of liquid eggs.

    (a) Pasteurization facilities: The facilities for pasteurization of 
egg products shall be adequate and of approved construction so that all 
products will be processed as provided for in this section. 
Pasteurization equipment for liquid egg product shall include a holding 
tube, an automatic flow diversion valve, thermal controls, and recording 
devices to determine compliance for pasteurization as set forth in 
paragraph (b) of this section. The temperature of the heated liquid egg 
product shall be continuously and automatically recorded during the 
process.
    (b) Pasteurizing operations: Every particle of all products must be 
rapidly heated to the required temperature and held at that temperature 
for the required minimum holding time as set forth in this section. The 
temperatures and holding times listed in Table I of this section are 
minimum. The product may be heated to higher temperatures and held for 
longer periods of time. Pasteurization procedures shall assure complete 
pasteurization, and holding,

[[Page 216]]

packaging, facilities and operations shall be such as to prevent 
contamination of the product.

                 Table I--Pasteurization Requirements\1\                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Minimum       Minimum  
                                               temperature  holding time
             Liquid egg product               requirements  requirements
                                                ( deg.F.)     (Minutes) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Albumen (without use of chemicals)..........          134           3.5 
                                                      132           6.2 
Whole egg...................................          140           3.5 
Whole egg blends (less than 2 percent added                             
 nonegg ingredients)........................          142           3.5 
                                                      140           6.2 
Fortified whole egg and blends (24-38                                   
 percent egg solids, 2-12 percent added                                 
 nonegg ingredients)........................          144           3.5 
                                                      142           6.2 
Salt whole egg (with 2 percent or more salt                             
 added).....................................          146           3.5 
                                                      144           6.2 
Sugar whole egg (2-12 percent sugar added)..          142           3.5 
                                                      140           6.2 
Plain yolk..................................          142           3.5 
                                                      140           6.2 
Sugar yolk (2 percent or more sugar added)..          146           3.5 
                                                      144           6.2 
Salt yolk (2-12 percent salt added).........          146           3.5 
                                                      144          6.2  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Pasteurization of egg products not listed in this table shall be in  
  accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.                        


    (c) Other methods of pasteurization may be approved by the 
Administrator when such treatments give equivalent effects to those 
specified in paragraph (b) of this section for those products or other 
products and results in a salmonella negative product.



Sec. 59.575   Heat treatment of dried whites.

    Heat treatment of dried whites is an approved method for 
pasteurization and the product shall be heated throughout for such times 
and at such temperatures as will result in salmonella negative product.
    (a) The product to be heat treated shall be held in the heat 
treatment room in closed containers and shall be spaced to assure 
adequate heat penetration and air circulation. Each container shall be 
identified as to type of product (spray or pan dried) and with the lot 
number or production code number.
    (b) The minimum requirements for heat treatment of spray or pan 
dried albumen shall be as follows:
    (1) Spray dried albumen shall be heated throughout to a temperature 
not less than 130  deg.F and held continuously at such temperature not 
less than 7 days and until it is salmonella negative.
    (2) Pan dried albumen shall be heated throughout to a temperature of 
not less than 125  deg.F and held continuously at such temperature not 
less than 5 days and until it is salmonella negative.
    (3) Methods of heat treatment of spray dried or pan dried albumen, 
other than listed in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this section, may be 
approved by the Administrator upon receipt of satisfactory evidence that 
such methods will result in salmonella negative products.
    (c) Dried whites which have been heat treated in the dried form 
shall be sampled and analyzed for the presence of Salmonellae as 
required in Sec. 59.580.
    (d) Records shall be maintained for 1 year of the following:
    (1) Types of product;
    (2) Lot number;
    (3) Heat treatment room temperatures;
    (4) Product temperatures;
    (5) Length of time product is held in heat treatment room;
    (6) Results of all laboratory analyses made for the presence of 
Salmonellae.
    (e) Dried whites processed and tested in accordance with all of the 
applicable requirements specified in this section may be labeled 
``Pasteurized.''

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982; 60 FR 49169, Sept. 21, 1995; 60 FR 58199, Nov. 27, 1995]

                               Laboratory



Sec. 59.580   Laboratory tests and analyses.

    The official plant, at their expense, shall make tests and analyses 
to determine compliance with the Act and the regulations.
    (a) Samples shall be drawn from liquid, frozen or dried egg products 
and analyzed for compliance with the standards of identity (if any) and 
with the product label.
    (b) To assure adequate pasteurization, pasteurized egg products and 
heat

[[Page 217]]

treated dried egg whites shall be sampled and analyzed for the presence 
of Salmonellae in accordance with such sequence, frequency, and approved 
laboratory methods as prescribed by the AMS Science Division Director. 
The samples of pasteurized egg products and heat treated dried egg 
whites shall be drawn from the final packaged form.
    (c) Results of all analyses and tests performed under paragraphs (a) 
and (b) of this section shall be provided to the inspector promptly upon 
receipt by the plant. If samples of pasteurized products or heat treated 
dried egg whites, in addition to those described in paragraphs (a) and 
(b) of this section, are analyzed for the presence of Salmonella, the 
plant shall immediately advise the inspector of any such samples which 
are determined to be Salmonella positive.
    (d) USDA will draw confirmation samples and submit them to a AMS 
Science Division laboratory at USDA's expense to determine the adequacy 
of the plant's tests and analyses.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 
1993; 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995; 60 FR 58199, Nov. 27, 1995]

                      Exempted Egg Products Plants



Sec. 59.600   Application for exemption.

    An application for exemption from the continuous inspection 
requirements must be made in writing on forms approved by the 
Administrator and filed with the inspection service.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982]



Sec. 59.610   Criteria for exemption.

    Any plant processing egg products may qualify for exemption where:
    (a) The facility, operating procedures and practices, and sanitation 
meet the standards required for official egg products plants as are 
contained in Secs. 59.500 through 59.580, and such exempted plants shall 
thereafter be subject to other provisions applicable to official plants 
which shall include maintaining records such as pasteurization 
temperatures and holding times, laboratory records, egg products testing 
procedures, and making all such records available for review.
    (b) The eggs received or used in the manufacture of egg products 
contain no more restricted eggs than are allowed by the official 
standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 7, 
1982]



Sec. 59.620   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of authority of any person applying for exemption from 
continuous inspection may be required by the Administrator.



Sec. 59.630   Filing of application.

    An application for exemption shall be regarded as filed only when it 
has been filled in completely and signed by the applicant and has been 
received in the office of the inspection service.



Sec. 59.640   Application for exemption; approval.

    Any person desiring to process egg products pursuant to the 
exemption provision of the Act and these regulations must receive 
approval of such plant, facilities, and operating procedures as an 
exempted plant. An application for exemption shall be according to the 
following:
    (a) Initial survey. When an application for exemption of a plant has 
been filed, a Supervisory Egg Products Inspector will make a survey and 
inspection of the premises and plant to determine if the facilities, 
methods of operation, and eggs received or used therein are suitable and 
adequate in accordance with:
    (1) Section 59.610; and
    (2) Such other administrative instructions as may be issued, from 
time to time, by the Service and which are in effect at the time of the 
aforesaid survey and inspection.
    (b) Final survey and exemption approval. Upon notification by the 
applicant for exemption that all the criteria for exemption required in 
Sec. 59.610 are in effect and an initial survey has been performed, the 
applicant shall:

[[Page 218]]

    (1) Submit drawings and specifications in accordance with the same 
requirements as official plants as specified in Sec. 59.146(b);
    (2) Submit labels for approval as specified in Sec. 59.680;
    (3) Request a final survey be made by a Supervisory Egg Products 
Inspector to determine if the plant is constructed and the facilities 
are installed in accordance with the approved drawings and these 
regulations.
    (c) The plant will be approved for exemption only when all the 
requirements of this section have been met.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971. Redesignated at 42 
FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.650   Exempted plant registration number.

    Each plant processing egg products which receives the 
Administrator's approval for exemption shall be assigned an ``Exempted 
Registration Number'' at the time the exemption approval is provided.



Sec. 59.660   Inspection of exempted plants.

    Duly authorized representatives of the Administrator shall make such 
periodic inspections of exempted plants and records thereof as the 
Administrator may require to ascertain if any of the provisions of the 
Act or these regulations applicable to exempted plants have been 
violated. Such representatives shall be afforded access, at any 
reasonable time, to any plant or place of business subject to inspection 
under the provisions of the Act.



Sec. 59.670   Termination of exemption.

    The Administrator may suspend or terminate any exemption if the 
criteria for exemption required in Sec. 59.610 are not being met. In 
addition, if any violation has been committed, the applicable penalties 
provided in this part may be enforced as provided in the Act.



Sec. 59.680   Approval of labeling for egg products processed in exempted egg products processing plants.

    (a) The labels for egg products which are capable for use as human 
food shall be submitted to the Administrator for approval. The 
submission and approval shall be the same as for official plants as 
required in Sec. 59.411 except the labels or containers shall not bear 
official identification.
    (b) The label or container shall legibly and conspicuously bear the 
statement: ``Exempted--E.P.I.A. Registration No. ------.'' The 
registration number shall be that assigned to the exempted plant as 
provided in Sec. 59.650.

                   Registration of Shell Egg Handlers



Sec. 59.690   Persons required to register.

    Shell egg handlers, except for producer-packers with an annual egg 
production from a flock of 3,000 hens or less, who grade and pack eggs 
for the ultimate consumer (e.g., retail stores, households, restaurants, 
institutions, food manufacturers, etc.), and hatcheries, are required to 
register with the U.S. Department of Agriculture by furnishing their 
name, place of business, and such other information as is requested on 
forms provided by and/or available from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture. Completed forms shall be sent to the addressee indicated on 
the form. Persons as those listed above who are establishing a business 
will be required to register before they start operations.

[40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

              Inspection and Disposition of Restricted Eggs



Sec. 59.700   Prohibition on disposition of restricted eggs.

    (a) No person shall buy, sell, or transport, or offer to buy or 
sell, or offer or receive for transportation in any business in commerce 
any restricted eggs, except as authorized in Secs. 59.100 and 59.720.
    (b) No egg handler shall possess any restricted eggs, except as 
authorized in Secs. 59.100 and 59.720.
    (c) No egg handler shall use any restricted eggs in the preparation 
of human food, except as provided in Secs. 59.100 and 59.720.



Sec. 59.720   Disposition of restricted eggs.

    (a) Eggs classified as checks, dirties, incubator rejects, 
inedibles, leakers, or loss shall be disposed of by one of the

[[Page 219]]

following methods at point and time of segregation:
    (1) Checks and dirties shall be labeled in accordance with 
Sec. 59.800 and shipped directly or indirectly to an official egg 
products plant for segregation and processing. Inedible and loss eggs 
shall not be intermingled in the same container with checks and dirties.
    (2) By destruction in a manner approved by the Administrator, such 
as crushing and denaturing or decharacterizing in accordance with 
Sec. 59.504(c) and identifying the product as ``Inedible Egg Product--
Not To Be Used As Human Food.''
    (3) Processing for industrial use or for animal food. Such product 
shall be denatured or decharacterized in accordance with Sec. 59.504(c) 
and identified as provided in Secs. 59.840 and 59.860, or handled in 
accordance with other procedures approved by the Administrator. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, product which was produced under official 
supervision and transported for industrial use or animal food need not 
be denatured or decharacterized if it is shipped under Government seal 
and received by an inspector or grader as defined in this part.
    (4) By coloring the shells of loss and inedible eggs with a 
sufficient amount of FD&C color to give a distinct appearance, or 
applying a substance that will penetrate the shell and decharacterize 
the egg meat. Except that, lots of eggs containing significant 
percentages of blood spots or meat spots, but no other types of loss or 
inedible eggs may be shipped directly to official egg products plants, 
provided they are conspicuously labeled with the name and address of the 
shipper and the wording ``Spots--For Processing Only In Official Egg 
Products Plants.''
    (5) Incubator rejects shall be broken or crushed and denatured or 
decharacterized in accordance with Sec. 59.504(c) and labeled as 
required in Secs. 59.840 and 59.860.
    (b) Eggs which are packed for the ultimate consumer and which have 
been found to exceed the tolerance for restricted eggs permitted in the 
official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shall be identified as 
required in Secs. 59.800 and 59.860 and shall be shipped directly or 
indirectly:
    (1) To an official egg products plant for proper segregation and 
processing; or
    (2) Be regraded so that they comply with the official standards; or
    (3) Used as other than human food.
    (c) Records shall be maintained as provided in Sec. 59.200 to assure 
proper disposition.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971; 36 FR 10841, June 4, 1971; 37 FR 6659, Apr. 
1, 1972; 40 FR 20059, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 
1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 745, Jan. 
7, 1982; 60 FR 49170, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.760   Inspection of egg handlers.

    Duly authorized representatives of the Administrator shall make such 
periodic inspections of egg handlers and their records as the 
Administrator may require to ascertain if any of the provisions of the 
Act or these regulations applicable to such egg handlers have been 
violated. Such representatives shall be afforded access, at any 
reasonable time, to any place of business or plant subject to inspection 
under the provisions of the Act.

Identification of Restricted Eggs or Egg Products Not Intended for Human 
                               Consumption



Sec. 59.800   Identification of restricted eggs.

    The shipping container of restricted eggs shall be determined to be 
satisfactorily identified if such container bears the packer's name and 
address, the quality of the eggs in the container (e.g., dirties, 
checks, inedibles, or loss), or the statement ``Restricted Eggs--For 
Processing Only In An Official USDA Egg Products Plant,'' for checks or 
dirties, or ``Restricted Eggs--Not To Be Used As Human Food,'' for 
inedibles, loss, and incubator rejects, or ``Restricted Eggs--To Be 
Regraded'' for graded eggs which contain more restricted eggs than are 
allowed in the official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell eggs. 
The size of the letters of the identification wording shall be as 
required in Sec. 59.860. When eggs are packed in immediate containers, 
e.g., cartons, sleeve packs, overwrapped 2\1/2\-

[[Page 220]]

or 3-dozen packs, etc., for sale to household consumers under the 
exemptions provided for in section 59.100 (c), or (f), they shall be 
deemed to be satisfactorily identified in accordance with the 
requirements of this part if such immediate containers bear the packer's 
name and address and the quality of the eggs. Alternatively, a point of 
sale sign may be displayed showing the above information.

[40 FR 20060, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.801  Nest run or washed ungraded eggs.

    Nest run or washed ungraded eggs are exempt from the labeling 
provisions in Sec. 59.800. However, when such eggs are packed and sold 
to consumers, they may not exceed the tolerance for restricted eggs 
permitted in the official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B shell 
eggs.

[60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.840   Identification of inedible, unwholesome, or adulterated egg products.

    All inedible, unwholesome, or adulterated egg products shall be 
identified with the name and address of the processor, the words 
``Inedible Egg Products--Not To Be Used as Human Food.''



Sec. 59.860   Identification wording.

    The letters of the identification wording shall be legible and 
conspicuous.

[37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]

                                 Imports



Sec. 59.900   Requirements for importation of egg products or restricted eggs into the United States.

    (a) Egg products and restricted eggs may be imported into the United 
States from any foreign country only in accordance with these 
regulations. The term United States means any State of the United 
States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the 
United States, and the District of Columbia. The importation of any egg 
or egg product in violation of the regulations of this part is 
prohibited.
    (b) All such imported articles shall upon entry into the United 
States be deemed and treated as domestic articles and be subject to the 
other provisions of the Act, these regulations, and other Federal or 
State requirements.



Sec. 59.905   Importation of restricted eggs or eggs containing more restricted eggs than permitted in the official standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B.

    (a) No containers of restricted egg(s) other than checks or dirties 
shall be imported into the United States. The shipping containers of 
such eggs shall be identified with the name, address, and country of 
origin of the exporter, and the date of pack and quality of the eggs 
(e.g., checks, or dirties) preceded by the word ``Imported'' or the 
statement ``Imported Restricted Eggs--For Processing Only In An Official 
USDA Plant,'' or ``Restricted Eggs--Not To Be Used As Human Food.'' Such 
identification shall be legible and conspicuous. Alternatively, for 
properly sealed and certified shipments of shell eggs imported for 
breaking at an official egg products plant, the shipping containers need 
not be labeled, provided that the shipment is segregated and controlled 
upon arrival at the destination breaking plant.
    (b) Eggs which are imported for use as human food and upon entry are 
found to contain more restricted eggs than permitted in the official 
standards for U.S. Consumer Grade B, shall be refused entry and returned 
to the importing country or be conspicuously and legibly identified as 
``Imported Restricted Eggs'' and be sent directly under official seal: 
(1) To a place where they may be regraded to comply with the official 
U.S. standards for consumer grades; (2) to an official USDA egg products 
processing plant; or (3) to be used as other than human food.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]

[[Page 221]]



Sec. 59.910   Eligibility of foreign countries for importation of egg products into the United States.

    (a) Whenever it is determined by the Administrator that the system 
of egg products inspection maintained by any foreign country is such 
that the egg products produced in such country are processed, labeled, 
and packaged in accordance with, and otherwise comply with, the 
standards of the Act and these regulations including, but not limited to 
the same sanitary, processing, facility requirements, and continuous 
Government inspection as required in Secs. 59.500 through 59.580 
applicable to inspected articles produced within the United States, 
notice of that fact will be given by listing the name of such foreign 
country in paragraph (b) of this section. Thereafter, egg products from 
the countries so listed shall be eligible, subject to the provisions of 
this part and other applicable laws and regulations, for importation 
into the United States. Such products to be imported into the United 
States from these foreign countries must meet, to the extent applicable, 
the same standards and requirements that apply to comparable domestic 
products as set forth in these regulations. Egg products from foreign 
countries not listed herein are not eligible for importation into the 
United States, except as provided by Sec. 59.960. In determining if the 
inspection system of a foreign country is the equivalent of the system 
maintained by the United States, the Administrator shall review the 
inspection regulations of the foreign country and make a survey to 
determine the manner in which the inspection system is administered 
within the foreign country. The survey of the foreign inspection system 
may be expedited by payment by the interested Government agency in the 
foreign country of the travel expenses incurred in making the survey. 
After approval of the inspection system of a foreign country, the 
Administrator may, as often and to the extent deemed necessary, 
authorize representatives of the Department to review the system to 
determine that it is maintained in such a manner as to be the equivalent 
of the system maintained by the United States.
    (b) It has been determined that each of the following foreign 
countries maintain an egg products inspection system that is the 
equivalent of the system maintained by the United States: Canada, The 
Netherlands.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 42 FR 48327, Sept. 23, 1977. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 52 FR 42426, Nov. 5, 1987]



Sec. 59.915   Foreign inspection certificate required.

    (a) Egg products. Except as provided in Sec. 59.960, each 
consignment of egg products, as defined in this part, shall be 
accompanied by a foreign egg products inspection certificate, which, 
unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, contains the following 
information:
    (1) Country exporting product;
    (2) City and date where issued;
    (3) Kind of product, number of containers, and weight;
    (4) Production date(s) of product;
    (5) Identification marks on containers;
    (6) Name and address of exporter;
    (7) Name, address, and plant number of processing plant;
    (8) Name and address of importer;
    (9) A certification that the egg products were produced under the 
approved regulations, requirements, and continuous Government inspection 
of the exporting country and;
    (10) Name (including signature) and official title of person 
authorized to issue inspection certificates for egg products exported to 
the United States.
    (b) Shell eggs. Except as otherwise provided in Sec. 59.960, each 
consignment of shell eggs shall be accompanied by a foreign inspection 
certificate, which, unless otherwise approved by the Administrator 
contains the following information:
    (1) Country exporting product;
    (2) City and date where issued;
    (3) Quality or description of eggs;
    (4) Number of cases and total quantity;
    (5) Identification marks on containers;
    (6) Name and address of exporter;
    (7) Name and address of importer;

[[Page 222]]

    (8) A certification that the quality or description of the shell 
eggs, including date of pack, is true and accurate and;
    (9) Name (including signature) and title of person authorized to 
issue inspection certificates for shell eggs exported to the United 
States.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6659, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.920   Importer to make application for inspection of imported eggs and egg products.

    Each person importing any eggs or egg products shall make 
application for inspection upon PY Form 222-Import Request, Eggs and Egg 
Products, to the Chief, Poultry Grading Branch, Poultry Division, 
Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, DC 20250, or to the Poultry Division, Poultry Grading Branch 
office at the port where the product is to be offered for importation. 
Application shall be made as long as possible prior to the arrival of 
each consignment of product, except in the case of product exempted from 
inspection by Sec. 59.960. Each application shall state the approximate 
date of product arrival in the United States, the name of the ship or 
other carrier, the country from which the product was shipped, the 
destination, the quantity and class of product, whether fresh, frozen, 
or dried, and the point of first arrival in the United States.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, 
Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 59.925   Inspection of imported eggs and egg products.

    (a) Except as provided in Sec. 59.960, eggs and egg products offered 
for importation from any foreign country shall be subject to inspection 
in accordance with established inspection procedures, including the 
examination of the labeling information on the containers, by an 
inspector before the product shall be admitted into the United States. 
Importers will be advised of the point where inspection will be made, 
and in case of small shipments (less than carload lots), the importer 
may be required to move the product to the location of the nearest 
inspector.
    (b) Inspectors may take samples, without cost to the United States, 
of any product offered for importation which is subject to analysis or 
quality determination, except that samples shall not be taken of any 
products offered for importation under Sec. 59.960, unless there is 
reason for suspecting the presence therein of a substance in violation 
of that section.



Sec. 59.930   Imported eggs and egg products; retention in customs custody; delivery under bond; movement prior to inspection; sealing; handling; facilities, 
          and assistance.

    (a) No eggs or egg products required by this part to be inspected 
shall be released from customs custody prior to required inspections, 
but such product may be delivered to the consignee, or his agent, prior 
to inspection if the consignee shall furnish a bond, in the form 
prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, conditioned that the 
product shall be returned, if demanded, to the collector of the port 
where the same is offered for clearance through customs.
    (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, no product 
required by this part to be inspected shall be moved prior to inspection 
from the port of arrival where first unloaded, and if arriving by water 
from the wharf where first unloaded at such port, to any place other 
than the place designated in accordance with this part as the place 
where the same shall be inspected; and no product shall be conveyed in 
any manner other than in compliance with this part.
    (c) Means of conveyance or packages in which any product is moved in 
accordance with this part, prior to inspection, from the port or wharf 
where first unloaded in the United States, shall be sealed with special 
import seals of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or otherwise 
identified as provided herein, unless already sealed with customs or 
consular seals in accordance with the customs regulations. Such special 
seals shall be affixed by an inspector or, if there is no inspector at 
such port, by a customs officer. In lieu of sealing packages, the 
carrier or

[[Page 223]]

importer may furnish and attach to each package of product a warning 
notice on bright yellow paper, not less than 5 x 8 inches in size, 
containing the following legend in black type of a conspicuous size:

                     (Name of Truck Line or Carrier)

                                 Notice

    This package of ---------- must be delivered intact to an inspector 
of the Poultry Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

                                 Warning

    Failure to comply with these instructions will result in penalty 
action being taken against the holder of the customs entry bond.
    If the product is found to be acceptable upon inspection, the 
product may be released to the consignee, or his agent, and this warning 
notice defaced.

    (d) No person shall affix, break, alter, deface, mutilate, remove, 
or destroy any special import seal of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, except customs officers or inspectors, or as provided in 
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (e) No product shall be removed from any means of conveyance or 
package sealed with a special import seal of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, except under the supervision of an inspector or a customs 
officer, or as provided in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (f) In case of a wreck or similar extraordinary emergency, the 
special import seal of the U.S. Department of Agriculture on a car, 
truck, or other means of conveyance may be broken by the carrier and, if 
necessary, the articles may be reloaded into another means of conveyance 
for transportation to destination. In all such cases, the carrier shall 
immediately report the facts by telegraph to the Chief of the Grading 
Branch.
    (g) The consignee or his agent shall provide such facilities and 
assistance as the inspector may require for the inspection and handling 
and marking of products offered for importation.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6660, Apr. 1, 1972; 40 FR 
20060, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and 
further amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 
63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46070, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 
54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 59.935   Means of conveyance and equipment used in handling eggs and egg products to be maintained in sanitary condition.

    Compartments of boats, railroad cars, and other means of conveyance 
transporting any product to the United States, and all chutes, 
platforms, racks, tables, tools, utensils, and all other devices used in 
moving and handling such product offered for importation, shall be 
maintained in a sanitary condition.



Sec. 59.940   Marking of egg products offered for importation.

    Egg products which, upon inspection, are found to be acceptable for 
importation into the United States, and are properly labeled and bear 
the inspection mark of the country of origin, need no further 
identification.

[40 FR 20060, May 8, 1975. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.945   Foreign eggs and egg products offered for importation; reporting of findings to customs; handling of products refused entry.

    (a) Inspectors shall report their findings to the collector of 
customs at the port where products are offered for entry, and shall 
request the collector to refuse entry to eggs or egg products which are 
marked or designated ``U.S. Refused Entry'' or otherwise are not in 
compliance with the regulations in this part. Unless such products are 
exported by the consignee within a time specified by the collector of 
customs (usually 30 days), the consignee shall cause the destruction of 
such products for human food purposes under the supervision of an 
inspector. If products are destroyed for human food purposes under the 
supervision of an inspector, he shall give prompt notice thereof to the 
District Director of Customs.
    (b) Consignees shall, at their own expense, return immediately to 
the collector of customs, in means of conveyance or packages sealed by 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture, any eggs or egg products received by 
them under this part which in any respect do not comply with this part.

[[Page 224]]

    (c) Except as provided in Sec. 59.930(a), no person shall remove or 
cause to be removed from any place designated as the place of 
inspection, any eggs or egg products which the regulations require to be 
marked in any way, unless the same has been clearly and legibly marked 
in compliance with this part.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971, as amended at 37 FR 6660, Apr. 1, 1972. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.950  Labeling of containers of eggs or egg products for importation.

    (a) Immediate containers of product offered for importation shall 
bear a label, printed in English, showing:
    (1) The name of product; (2) the name of the country of origin of 
the product, and for consumer packaged products, preceded by the words 
``Product of,'' which statement shall appear immediately under the name 
of the product; (3) The quality or description of shell eggs, including 
date of pack; (4) for egg products, the word ``Ingredients'' followed by 
a list of the ingredients in order of descending proportions by weight; 
(5) the name and place of business of manufacturer, packer, or 
distributor, qualified by a phrase which reveals the connection that 
such person has with the product; (6) an accurate statement of the 
quantity; (7) for egg products, the inspection mark of the country of 
origin; and (8) The date of production and plant number of the plant at 
which the egg product was processed and/or packed.
    (b) For properly sealed and certified shipments of shell eggs 
imported for breaking at an official egg products plant, the immediate 
containers need not be labeled, provided that the shipment is segregated 
and controlled upon arrival at the destination breaking plant.
    (c) The labels shall not be false or misleading in any respect.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 45 FR 23641, Apr. 8, 1980. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]



Sec. 59.955   Labeling of shipping containers of eggs or egg products for importation.

    (a) Shipping containers of foreign product which are shipped to the 
United States shall bear in a prominent and legible manner the true name 
of the product, the name of the country of origin, the plant number of 
the plant in which the egg product was processed and/or packed, and for 
egg products, the inspection mark of the country of origin, the quality 
or description for shell eggs, except as required in Sec. 59.905 of this 
part. Labeling on shipping containers examined at the time of inspection 
in the United States, if found to be false or misleading, shall be cause 
for the product to be refused entry.
    (b) For properly sealed and certified shipments of shell eggs 
imported for breaking at an official egg products plant, the shipping 
containers need not be labeled, provided that the shipment is segregated 
and controlled upon arrival at the destination breaking plant.
    (c) In the case of products which are not in compliance solely 
because of misbranding, such products may be brought into compliance 
with the regulations only under the supervision of an authorized 
representative of the Administrator.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981; and amended at 60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 
1995]



Sec. 59.956  Relabeling of imported egg products.

    (a) Egg products eligible for importation may be relabeled with an 
approved label under the supervision of an inspector at an official egg 
products plant or other location. The new label for such product shall 
indicate the country of origin except for products which are reprocessed 
(repasteurized, or in the case of dried products, dry blended with 
products produced in the United States) in an official egg products 
plant.
    (b) The label for relabeled products must state the name, address, 
and zip code of the distributor, qualified by an appropriate term such 
as ``packed for'', ``distributed by'' or ``distributors''.

[60 FR 49171, Sept. 21, 1995]

[[Page 225]]



Sec. 59.960   Small importations for consignee's personal use, display, or laboratory analysis.

    Any eggs or egg products which are offered for importation, 
exclusively for the consignee's personal use, display, or laboratory 
analysis, and not for sale or distribution; which is sound, healthful, 
wholesome, and fit for human food; and which is not adulterated and does 
not contain any substance not permitted by the Act or regulations, may 
be admitted into the United States without a foreign inspection 
certificate. Such product is not required to be inspected upon arrival 
in the United States and may be shipped to the consignee without further 
restriction under this part: Provided, That the Department may, with 
respect to any specific importation, require that the consignee certify 
that such product is exclusively for the consignee's personal use, 
display, or laboratory analysis and not for sale or distribution. The 
amount of such product imported shall not exceed 30-dozen shell eggs, 30 
pounds of liquid or frozen eggs, or 50 pounds of dried egg products, 
unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator.

[37 FR 6660, Apr. 1, 1972. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 59.965   Returned U.S. inspected and marked products; not importations.

    Products which have been inspected by the United States Department 
of Agriculture and so marked, and which are returned from foreign 
countries are not importations within the meaning of this part. Such 
returned shipments shall be reported to the Administrator by letter.



Sec. 59.970   Charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products imported contrary to the Act.

    All charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to any 
product which is imported contrary to this part shall be paid by the 
owner or consignee, and in default of such payment shall constitute a 
lien against such product and any other product thereafter imported 
under the Act by or for such owner or consignee.

[36 FR 9814, May 28, 1971. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46071, Oct. 15, 
1982 and 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



PART 60--[RESERVED]






PART 61--COTTONSEED SOLD OR OFFERED FOR SALE FOR CRUSHING PURPOSES (INSPECTION, SAMPLING AND CERTIFICATION)--Table of Contents




                         Subpart A--Regulations

                               Definitions

Sec.
61.1  Words in singular form.
61.2  Terms defined.
61.2a  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, and devices for purpose of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.

                       Administrative and General

61.3  Director.
61.4  Supervisor of cottonseed inspection.
61.5  Regulations to govern.
61.6  Denial of further services.
61.7  Misrepresentation.
61.8  Application for review.
61.9  Cost of review.

                      Licensed Cottonseed Samplers

61.25  Application for license as sampler; form.
61.27  Period of license; renewals.
61.30  Examination of sampler.
61.31  License must be posted.
61.32  No discrimination in sampling.
61.33  Equipment of sampler; contents of certificate.
61.34  Drawing and preparation of sample.
61.36  Cause for suspension or revocation.
61.37  License may be suspended.
61.38  Suspended license to be returned to Division.
61.39  Duplicate license.
61.40  Reports of licensed samplers.
61.41  Unlicensed persons must not represent themselves as licensed 
          samplers.
61.42  Information on sampling to be kept confidential.

 Subpart B--Standards for Grades of Cottonseed Sold or Offered for Sale 
             for Crushing Purposes Within the United States

61.101  Determination of grade.
61.102  Determination of quantity index.
61.103  Determination of quality index.

[[Page 226]]

61.104  Sampling and certification of samples and grades.

    Source: 22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, unless otherwise noted.



                         Subpart A--Regulations

    Authority: Sec. 205, 60 Stat. 1090, as amended, (7 U.S.C. 1624).

                               Definitions



Sec. 61.1   Words in singular form.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
shall be deemed to import the plural, and vice-versa, as the case may 
demand.



Sec. 61.2   Terms defined.

    As used throughout the regulations in this part, unless the context 
otherwise requires, the following terms shall be construed, respectively 
to mean:
    (a) The act. The applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087; 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) or any other act of 
Congress conferring like authority.
    (b) Regulations. Regulations mean the provisions in this subpart.
    (c) Department. The United States Department of Agriculture.
    (d) Secretary. The Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or 
any officer or employee of the Department to whom authority has 
heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be 
delegated, to act in his stead.
    (e) Service. The Agricultural Marketing Service of the United States 
Department of Agriculture.
    (f) Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, or any officer or employee of the Service, to whom authority 
has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be 
delegated, to act in his stead.
    (g) Division. The Cotton Division of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service.
    (h) Director. The Director of the Cotton Division, or any officer or 
employee of the Division to whom authority has heretofore been 
delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in 
his stead.
    (i) Custodian. Person who has possession or control of cottonseed or 
of samples of cottonseed as agent, controller, broker, or factor, as the 
case may be.
    (j) Owner. Person who through financial interest owns or controls, 
or has the disposition of either cottonseed or of samples of cottonseed.
    (k) Official cottonseed standards. The official standards of the 
United States for the grading, sampling, and analyzing of cottonseed 
sold or offered for sale for crushing purposes.
    (l) Supervisor of cottonseed inspection. An officer of the Division 
designated as such by the Director.
    (m) License. A license issued under the act by the Secretary.
    (n) Licensed cottonseed chemist. A person licensed under the act by 
the Secretary to make quantitative and qualitative chemical analyses of 
samples of cottonseed according to the methods prescribed by the Science 
Division Director of the Agricultural Marketing Service and to 
certificate the grade according to the official cottonseed standards of 
the United States.
    (o) Licensed cottonseed sampler. A person licensed by the Secretary 
to draw and to certificate the authenticity of samples of cottonseed in 
accordance with the regulations in this subpart.
    (p) Dispute. A disagreement as to the true grade of a sample of 
cottonseed analyzed and graded by a licensed chemist.
    (q) Party. A party to a dispute.
    (r) Commercial laboratory. A chemical laboratory operated by an 
individual, firm, or corporation in which one or more persons are 
engaged in the chemical analysis of materials for the public.
    (s) Cottonseed. The word ``cottonseed'' as used in this part means 
the seed, after having been put through the usual and customary process 
known as cotton ginning, of any cotton produced within the continental 
United States.
    (t) Lot. That parcel or quantity of cottonseed offered for sale or 
tendered for delivery or delivered on a sale or contract of sale, in 
freight cars, trucks, wagons, or otherwise in the quantities and within 
the time limits prescribed from time to time by the Director for the 
drawing and preparation of official samples by licensed cottonseed 
samplers.

[[Page 227]]

    (u) Official sample. A specimen of cottonseed drawn and prepared by 
a licensed cottonseed sampler and certified by him as representative of 
a certain identified lot, in accordance with the regulations in this 
subpart.

[22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, as amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 1993]



Sec. 61.2a   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for purpose of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks, or other identifications, and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the inspection or grading of 
agricultural products under said section. For the purposes of said 
subsection and the provisions in this part, the terms listed below shall 
have the respective meanings specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, used under this part to certify with respect to the 
inspection, sampling, class, grade, quality, quantity, or condition of 
products (including the compliance of products with applicable 
specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading, inspecting, or sampling, 
pursuant to this part, any processing or plant-operation report made by 
an authorized person in connection with grading, inspecting, or sampling 
under this part, and any report made by an authorized person of services 
performed pursuant to this part.
    (c) Official mark means the grade mark, inspection mark, and any 
other mark, approved by the Administrator and authorized to be affixed 
to any product, or affixed to or printed on the packaging material of 
any product, stating that the product was graded or inspected or both, 
or indicating the appropriate U.S. grade or condition of the product, or 
for the purpose or maintaining the identity of products graded or 
inspected or both under this part.
    (d) Official identification means any United States (U.S.) standard 
designation of class, grade, quality, quantity, or condition specified 
in this part, or any symbol, stamp, label, or seal indicating that the 
product has been officially graded or inspected and/or indicating the 
class, grade, quality, quantity, or condition of the product, approved 
by the Administrator and authorized to be affixed to any product, or 
affixed to or printed on the packaging material of any product.
    (e) Official device means a stamping appliance, branding device, 
stencil, printed label, or any other mechanically or manually operated 
tool that is approved by the Administrator for the purpose of applying 
any official mark or other identification to any product or the 
packaging material thereof.

                       Administrative and General



Sec. 61.3   Director.

    The Director shall perform for and under the supervision of the 
Secretary and the Administrator, such duties as the Secretary or the 
Administrator may require in enforcing the provisions of the act and the 
regulations.



Sec. 61.4   Supervisor of cottonseed inspection.

    The Director, whenever he deems necessary, may designate an officer 
of the Division as supervisor of cottonseed inspection who shall 
supervise the inspection and sampling of cottonseed and perform such 
other duties as may be required of him in administering the act and the 
regulations.



Sec. 61.5   Regulations to govern.

    The inspection, sampling, analyzing, and grading of cottonseed in 
the United States pursuant to the act shall be performed as prescribed 
in methods approved from time to time by the Director.



Sec. 61.6   Denial of further services.

    Any person, partnership, or corporation that shall have undertaken 
to utilize the services of licensed cottonseed samplers under these 
regulations who shall not make available for official

[[Page 228]]

sampling and analysis each lot of cottonseed purchased or sold on grade 
and received by such person or partnership or corporation, may be denied 
further services under the act and these regulations: Provided, That in 
cases of persons, partnerships, or corporations operating two or more 
cottonseed crushing units under separate local managements, such penalty 
shall apply only to the offending unit, unless it shall be shown that 
the actions of such unit were at the direction or with the knowledge, 
approval, or acquiescence of the general management.

[22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, as amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 1993]



Sec. 61.7   Misrepresentation.

    Any willful misrepresentation or any deceptive or fradulent practice 
made or committed by an applicant for a cottonseed sampler's certificate 
or for a cottonseed chemist's certificate or for an appeal grade 
certificate in connection with the sampling or grading of cottonseed by 
persons licensed under the act and the regulations or the issuance or 
use of a certificate not issued by a person licensed under the 
regulations in imitation of or that might mislead anyone to believe that 
such certificate was in fact issued by a person licensed under the act, 
or that might be otherwise false, misleading, or deceptive, may be 
deemed sufficient cause for debarring such applicant from any further 
benefits of the act.



Sec. 61.8   Application for review.

    In case of dispute in which a review is desired of the grading of 
any official sample of cottonseed covered by a valid certificate issued 
by a licensed cottonseed chemist, application therefor shall be filed 
with or mailed to a supervisor of cottonseed inspection within ten days 
after the date of the original certificate, whereupon the licensed 
chemist issuing the certificate shall immediately surrender to such 
supervisor the retained portion of the original sample, together with 
such records as may be required, for the determination of the true 
grade. The supervisor shall assign to such retained portion an 
identification number, shall divide such retained portion into two parts 
and submit the parts to two other licensed cottonseed chemists for 
reanalysis. Should the supervisor determine that such reanalyses 
indicate a grade differing from the original by not more than plus or 
minus one full grade, the original grade shall be considered the true 
grade. Should he find that such reanalyses indicate a grade differing 
more than plus or minus one full grade from the original, he shall 
determine the true grade. In any case, the supervisor shall issue over 
his name an appeal cottonseed grade certificate showing the true grade 
as determined in accordance with this section, which shall supersede the 
licensed chemists' certificates relating to the grade of such seed. 
Where due solely to errors in calculation or clerical error a grade 
certificated by a licensed cottonseed chemist is not the true grade, the 
supervisor shall direct the licensee to cancel the original and to issue 
a correct certificate. Should such error be found after an application 
for review has been filed, the supervisor shall nevertheless issue an 
appeal cottonseed grade certificate showing the true grade of the 
cottonseed involved.

[22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, Dec. 28, 1957, as amended at 58 FR 42413, 
Aug. 9, 1993]



Sec. 61.9   Cost of review.

    In cases of review of the grade of any official sample of 
cottonseed, payment covering the costs of re-analysis shall accompany 
the application.

                      Licensed Cottonseed Samplers



Sec. 61.25   Application for license as sampler; form.

    (a) Applications for licenses to sample cottonseed shall be made to 
the Director on forms furnished for the purpose by him.
    (b) Each such application shall be in English, shall be signed by 
the applicant, and shall contain or be accompanied by (1) satisfactory 
evidence that he is an actual resident of the United States, (2) 
satisfactory evidence of his experience in the handling and sampling of 
cottonseed, (3) a statement by the applicant that he agrees to comply 
with and abide by the terms of the act and these regulations so far as 
they relate to him, and with instructions issued from time to time 
governing the

[[Page 229]]

sampling of cottonseed, and (4) such other information as may be 
required.



Sec. 61.27  Period of license; renewals.

    The period for which a license may be issued under the regulations 
in Secs. 61.25 through 61.42 shall be from the first day of August 
following receipt of the application, and shall continue for 5 years, 
ending on the 31st of July in the fifth year. Renewals shall be for 5 
years also, beginning with the first day of August and ending on the 
31st day of July in the fifth year: Provided, That licenses or renewals 
issued on and after June 1 of any year shall be for the period ending 
July 31 of the fifth year following.

[59 FR 26411, May 20, 1994]



Sec. 61.30   Examination of sampler.

    Each applicant for a license as a sampler and each licensed sampler 
whenever requested by an authorized representative of the Director, 
shall submit to an examination or test to show his ability properly to 
perform the duties for which he is applying for a license or for which 
he has been licensed, and each such applicant or licensee shall furnish 
the Division any information requested at any time in regard to his 
sampling of cottonseed.



Sec. 61.31   License must be posted.

    Each licensed sampler shall keep his license conspicuously posted at 
the place where he functions as a sampler or in such other place as may 
be approved by the Director.



Sec. 61.32   No discrimination in sampling.

    Each licensed sampler, when requested, shall without discrimination, 
as soon as practicable and upon reasonable terms, sample any cottonseed 
if the same be made available to him at his place of business, under 
conditions that will permit proper sampling. Each such licensee shall 
give preference to those who request his services as such over persons 
who request his services in any other capacity.



Sec. 61.33   Equipment of sampler; contents of certificate.

    Each licensed sampler shall have available suitable triers or 
sampling tools, sample containers, scales, seed cleaners, seed mixers, 
and air-tight containers for enclosing and forwarding the official 
samples to licensed chemist, and with tags and samplers' certificates 
approved or furnished by the Director or his representative for 
identifying the samples of cottonseed and for certificating the 
condition of the cottonseed represented by such samples. There shall be 
clearly written or printed on the face of such certificate (a) a 
suitable caption; (b) the location of the cottonseed involved and its 
point of origin; (c) the identification of the lot from which the sample 
was drawn; (d) the date on which the sample was drawn; (e) the gross 
weight of the original sample, and the net weight of the cleaned sample; 
(f) a statement indicating that the sample was drawn in accordance with 
sampling methods prescribed by the Director of the Cotton Division; and 
(g) the signature of the licensed sampler as such. The use of such tags 
and certificates shall be in conformity with instructions issued from 
time to time by the Division.



Sec. 61.34   Drawing and preparation of sample.

    Each licensed cottonseed sampler shall draw, prepare, and identify 
one official sample of cottonseed and a duplicate thereof from each lot 
made available to him in such manner as may be required by the Director, 
and shall promptly prepare it for forwarding to a licensed cottonseed 
chemist for analysis and grading. The duplicate shall be sealed and 
retained by the sampler until the original official sample shall have 
been analyzed by a licensed chemist. If the original official sample 
shall become lost or destroyed before having been analyzed the duplicate 
shall become the official sample; otherwise the licensed sampler shall 
immediately remove the identification marks from the duplicate and 
discard it. In no case shall the duplicate be offered for analysis 
unless the original shall have been lost or destroyed before analysis.



Sec. 61.36   Cause for suspension or revocation.

    The failure or refusal of any cottonseed sampled, duly licensed as 
such

[[Page 230]]

under the regulations in this subpart, to draw, prepare, identify, and 
to forward an official sample of every lot of cottonseed made available 
to him for the purpose, in accordance with these regulations, shall be 
cause for the suspension or revocation of his license. A sampler's 
license may also be suspended when the sampler (a) has ceased to perform 
services as a licensed cottonseed sampler, (b) has knowingly or 
carelessly sampled cottonseed improperly, (c) has violated or evaded any 
provision of the Act, these regulations, or the sampling methods 
prescribed by the Director, (d) has used his license or allowed it to be 
used for any fraudulent or improper purposes, or (e) has in any manner 
become incompetent or incapacitated to perform the duties of a licensed 
sampler.



Sec. 61.37   License may be suspended.

    The Director may, without a hearing, suspend or revoke the license 
issued to a licensed sampler upon written request and a satisfactory 
statement of reasons therefor submitted by such licensed sampler. 
Pending final action by the Secretary, the Director may, whenever he 
deems such action necessary, suspend the license of any licensed sampler 
by giving notice of such suspension to the licensee, accompanied by a 
statement of the reasons therefor. Within 10 days after the receipt of 
the aforesaid notice and statement of reasons by such licensee, he may 
file an appeal, in writing, with the Secretary, supported by any 
argument or evidence that he may wish to offer as to why his license 
should not be suspended or revoked. After the expiration of the 
aforesaid 10-day period and consideration of such argument and evidence, 
the Secretary will take such action as he deems appropriate with respect 
to such suspension or revocation. When no appeal is filed within the 
prescribed 10 days, the license shall be automatically revoked.



Sec. 61.38   Suspended license to be returned to Division.

    In case a license issued to a sampler is suspended or revoked such 
license shall be returned to the Division. At the expiration of any 
period of suspension of such license, unless in the meantime it be 
revoked, the dates of beginning and termination of such suspension shall 
be endorsed thereon, it shall be returned to the person to whom it was 
originally issued, and its shall be posted as prescribed in Sec. 61.31.



Sec. 61.39   Duplicate license.

    Upon satisfactory proof of the loss or destruction of a license 
issued to a sampler hereunder, a new license may be issued under the 
same or a new number.



Sec. 61.40   Reports of licensed samplers.

    Each licensed sampler, when requested, shall make reports on forms 
furnished for the purpose by the Division bearing upon his activity as 
such licensee.



Sec. 61.41   Unlicensed persons must not represent themselves as licensed samplers.

    No person shall in any way represent himself to be a sampler 
licensed under the act unless he holds an unsuspended and unrevoked 
license issued thereunder.



Sec. 61.42   Information on sampling to be kept confidential.

    Every person licensed under the act as a sampler of cottonseed shall 
keep confidential all information secured by him relative to shipments 
of cottonseed sampled by him. He shall not disclose such information to 
any person except an authorized representative of the Department.



 Subpart B--Standards for Grades of Cottonseed Sold or Offered for Sale 
             for Crushing Purposes Within the United States

    Authority: Secs. 203, 205, 60 Stat. 1087, 1090, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 
1622, 1624.



Sec. 61.101   Determination of grade.

    The grade of cottonseed shall be determined from the analysis of 
samples by licensed chemists, and it shall be the result, stated in the 
nearest whole or half numbers, obtained by multiplying a quantity index 
by a quality index and dividing the result by 100. The quantity index 
and the quality index

[[Page 231]]

shall be determined as hereinafter provided.
    (a) The basis grade of cottonseed shall be grade 100.
    (b) High grades of cottonseed shall be those grades above 100.
    (c) Low grades of cottonseed shall be those grades below 100.
    (d) Grades for American Pima cottonseed shall be suffixed by the 
designation ``American Pima'' or by the symbol ``AP.''

[22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, as amended at 37 FR 20157, Sept. 27, 1972; 
58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 1993]



Sec. 61.102   Determination of quantity index.

    The quantity index of cottonseed shall be determined as follows:
    (a) For upland cottonseed the quantity index shall equal four times 
percentage of oil plus six times percentage of ammonia, plus 5.
    (b) For American Pima cottonseed the quantity index shall equal four 
times percentage of oil, plus six times percentage of ammonia, minus 10.

[37 FR 20157, Sept. 27, 1972]



Sec. 61.103   Determination of quality index.

    The quality index of cottonseed shall be an index of purity and 
soundness, and shall be determined as follows:
    (a) Prime quality cottonseed. Cottonseed that by analysis contains 
not more than 1.0 percent of foreign matter, not more than 12.0 percent 
of moisture, and not more than 1.8 percent of free fatty acids in the 
oil in the seed, shall be known as prime quality cottonseed and shall 
have a quality index of 100.
    (b) Below prime quality cottonseed. The quality index of cottonseed 
that, by analysis, contain foreign matter, moisture, or free fatty acids 
in the oil in the seed, in excess of the percentages prescribed in 
paragraph (a) of this section shall be found by reducing the quality 
index of prime quality cottonseed as follows:
    (1) Four-tenths of a unit for each 0.1 percent of free fatty acids 
in the oil in the seed in excess of 1.8 percent.
    (2) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of foreign matter in 
excess of 1.0 percent.
    (3) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of moisture in excess 
of 12.0 percent.
    (c) Off quality cottonseed. Cottonseed that has been treated by 
either mechanical or chemical process other than the usual cleaning, 
drying, and ginning (except sterilization required by the United States 
Department of Agriculture for quarantine purposes) or that are fermented 
or hot, or that upon analysis are found to contain 12.5 percent or more 
of free fatty acids in the oil in the seed, or more than 10.0 percent of 
foreign matter, or more than 20.0 percent of moisture, or more than 25.0 
percent of moisture and foreign matter combined, shall be designated as 
``off quality cottonseed.''
    (d) Below grade cottonseed. Cottonseed the grade of which when 
calculated according to Sec. 61.101 is below grade 40.0 shall be 
designated as ``below grade cottonseed,'' and a numerical grade shall 
not be indicated.



Sec. 61.104   Sampling and certification of samples and grades.

    The drawing, preparation, and certification of samples of 
cottonseed, and certification of grades of cottonseed shall be performed 
in accordance with methods approved from time to time for the purposes 
by the Director, or his representatives.

[22 FR 10948, Dec. 28, 1957, as amended at 58 FR 42413, Aug. 9, 1993]



PART 70--VOLUNTARY GRADING OF POULTRY PRODUCTS AND RABBIT PRODUCTS AND U.S. CLASSES, STANDARDS, AND GRADES--Table of Contents




       Subpart A--Grading of Poultry Products and Rabbit Products

                                 General

Sec.
70.1  Definitions.
70.2  Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other 
          identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural 
          Marketing Act.
70.3  Administration.
70.4  Grading services available.
70.5  Nondiscrimination.
70.6  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction 
          Act.

[[Page 232]]

                            Basis of Service

70.10  Grading service.
70.11  [Reserved]
70.12  Supervision.
70.13  Ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food 
          products; eligibility.
70.14  Squabs and domesticated game birds; eligibility.
70.15  Equipment and facilities to be furnished for use of graders in 
          performing service on a resident basis.
70.16  Prerequisites to grading.
70.17  Accessibility of products.
70.18  Schedule of operation of official plants.

                         Performance of Services

70.20  Licensed or authorized graders.
70.21  Suspension of license; revocation.
70.22  Surrender of license.
70.23  Identification.
70.24  Financial interest of graders.
70.25  Political activity.

                     Application for Grading Service

70.30  Who may obtain grading service.
70.31  How application for service may be made; conditions of service.
70.32  Filing of application.
70.33  Authority of applicant.
70.34  Application for grading service in official plants; approval.
70.35  Rejection of application.
70.36  Withdrawal of application.
70.37  Order of service.
70.38  Suspension or withdrawal of plant approval for correctable cause.

                            Denial of Service

70.40  Debarment.
70.41  Misrepresentation, deceptive, or fraudulent acts or practices.
70.42  Use of facsimile forms.
70.43  Willful violation of the regulations.
70.44  Interfering with a grader or employee of Service.
70.45  Misleading labeling.
70.46  Miscellaneous.

                    Identifying and Marking Products

70.50  Approval of official identification and wording on labels.
70.51  Marking graded products.
70.52  Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits 
          identified with consumer grademarks.
70.54  Retention authorities.
70.55  Check grading officially identified product.

                                 Reports

70.60  Report of grading work.
70.61  Information to be furnished to graders.
70.62  Reports of violations.

                            Fees and Charges

70.70  Payment of fees and charges.
70.71  On a fee basis.
70.72  Fees for appeal grading, laboratory analysis, or examination or 
          review of a grader's decision.
70.75  Travel expenses and other charges.
70.76  Charges for continuous poultry grading performed on a nonresident 
          basis.
70.77  Charges for continuous poultry or rabbit grading performed on a 
          resident basis.
70.78  Fees or charges for grading service performed under cooperative 
          agreement.

                                 Grading

70.80  General.
70.81  Ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food 
          products.

                          Grading Certificates

70.90  Forms.
70.91  Issuance and disposition.
70.92  Advance information.

                     Appeal of a Grading or Decision

70.100  Who may request an appeal grading or review of a grader's 
          decision.
70.101  Where to file an appeal.
70.102  How to file an appeal.
70.103  When an application for an appeal grading may be refused.
70.104  Who shall perform the appeal.
70.105  Procedures for appeal gradings.
70.106  Appeal grading certificates.

       Sanitary Requirements, Facilities, and Operating Procedures

70.110  Requirements for sanitation, facilities, and operating 
          procedures in official plants.

                        Subparts B-C--(Reserved)

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.

    Source: 41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976, unless otherwise noted. 
Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 
1981.



       Subpart A--Grading of Poultry Products and Rabbit Products

                                 General



Sec. 70.1   Definitions.

    Unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall 
have the following meaning:

[[Page 233]]

    Acceptable means suitable for the purpose intended and acceptable to 
the Service.
    Act means the applicable provisions of the Agricultural Marketing 
Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1087, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.) or any 
other act of Congress conferring like authority.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service of the Department or any other officer or employee of the 
Department to whom there has heretofore been delegated or to whom there 
may hereafter be delegated the authority to act in his stead.
    Applicant means any interested person who requests any grading 
service.
    Carcass means any poultry or rabbit carcass.
    Chief of the Grading Branch means Chief of the Poultry Grading 
Branch, Poultry Division, Agricultural Marketing Service.
    Class means any subdivision of a product based on essential physical 
characteristics that differentiate between major groups of the same 
kind.
    Condition means any condition, including but not being limited to, 
the state of preservation, cleanliness, or soundness of any product; or 
any condition, including but not limited to the processing, handling, or 
packaging which affects such product.
    Condition and wholesomeness means the condition of any product and 
its healthfulness and fitness for human food.
    Department means the United States Department of Agriculture.
    Free from protruding pinfeathers, diminutive feathers, or hairs 
means that a poultry carcass, part, or poultry product with the skin on 
is free from protruding pinfeathers, diminutive feathers, or hairs which 
are visible to a grader during an examination at normal grading speeds. 
However, a poultry carcass, part, or poultry product may be considered 
as being free from protruding pinfeathers, diminutive feathers, or hairs 
if it has a generally clean appearance and if not more than an 
occasional protruding pinfeather, diminutive feather, or hair is 
evidenced during a more careful examination.
    Giblets means the following poultry organs when properly trimmed and 
washed: The liver from which the bile sac has been removed, the heart 
from which the pericardial sac has been removed, and the gizzard from 
which the lining and contents have been removed. With respect to rabbits 
``giblets'' means the liver from which the bile sac has been removed and 
the heart from which the pericardial sac has been removed.
    Grader means any Federal or State employee or the employee of a 
local jurisdiction or cooperating agency to whom a license has been 
issued by the Secretary to investigate and certify in accordance with 
the regulations in this part the class, quality, quantity, or condition 
of products.
    Grading or grading service means: (a) The act whereby a grader 
determines, according to the regulations in this part the class, 
quality, quantity, or condition of any product by examining each unit 
thereof or each unit of the representative sample thereof drawn by a 
grader, and issues a grading certificate with respect thereto, except 
that with respect to grading service performed on a resident basis, the 
issuance of a grading certificate shall be pursuant to a request 
therefor by the applicant or the Service; (b) the act whereby the grader 
identifies, according to the regulations in this part, the graded 
product; (c) with respect to any official plant, the act whereby a 
grader determines that the product in such plant was processed, handled, 
and packaged in accordance with Sec. 70.110, or (d) any regrading or any 
appeal grading of a previously graded product.
    Grading certificate means a statement, either written or printed, 
issued by a grader, pursuant to the regulations in this part, relative 
to the class, quality, quantity, or condition of a product.
    Holiday or Legal Holiday shall mean the legal public holidays 
specified by the Congress in paragraph (a) of section 6103, title 5, of 
the United States Code.
    Identify means to apply official identification to products or the 
containers thereof.
    Lightly shaded discolorations on poultry are generally reddish in 
color and are usually confined to areas of the skin or the surface of 
the flesh.

[[Page 234]]

    Moderately shaded discolorations on poultry skin or flesh are areas 
that are generally dark red or bluish, or are areas of flesh bruising. 
Moderately shaded discolorations are free from blood clots that are 
visible to a grader during an examination of the carcass, part, or 
poultry product at normal grading speeds.
    National supervisor means (a) the officer in charge of the poultry 
grading service of the Agricultural Marketing Service, and (b) other 
officers and employees of the Department designated by the officer in 
charge of the poultry grading service of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service.
    Office of grading means the office of any grader.
    Official plant or official establishment means one or more buildings 
or parts thereof comprising a single plant in which the facilities and 
methods of operation therein have been approved by the Administrator as 
suitable and adequate for grading service and in which grading is 
carried on in accordance with the regulations in this part.
    Person means any individual, partnership, association, business 
trust, corporation, or any organized group of persons, whether 
incorporated or not.
    Poultry means any kind of domesticated bird, including, but not 
being limited to, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons, and guineas.
    Poultry food product means any article of human food or any article 
intended for or capable of being so used, which is prepared or derived 
in whole or in substantial part, from any edible part or parts of 
poultry.
    Poultry product means any ready-to-cook poultry carcass or part 
therefrom or any specified poultry food product.
    Poultry grading service means the personnel who are actively engaged 
in the administration, application, and direction of poultry and rabbit 
grading programs and services pursuant to the regulations in this part.
    Quality means the inherent properties of any product which determine 
its relative degree of excellence.
    Rabbit means any domesticated rabbit whether live or dead.
    Rabbit product means any ready-to-cook rabbit carcass or part 
therefrom.
    Ready-to-cook poultry means any slaughtered poultry free from 
protruding pinfeathers, vestigial feathers (hair or down as the case may 
be) and from which the head, feet, crop, oil gland, trachea, esophagus, 
entrails, mature reproductive organs, and lungs have been removed, and 
the kidneys have been removed from certain mature poultry as defined in 
9 CFR part 381, and with or without the giblets, and which is suitable 
for cooking without need of further processing. Ready-to-cook poultry 
also means any cut-up or disjointed portion of poultry or other parts of 
poultry as defined in 9 CFR part 381 that are suitable for cooking 
without need of further processing.
    Ready-to-cook rabbit means any rabbit which has been slaughtered for 
human food, from which the head, blood, skin, feet, and inedible viscera 
have been removed, that is ready to cook without need of further 
processing. Ready-to-cook rabbit also means any cut-up or disjointed 
portion of rabbit or any edible part thereof.
    Regional director means any employee of the Department in charge of 
poultry grading service in a designated geographical area.
    Regulations means the provisions of this entire part and such United 
States classes, standards, and grades for products as may be in effect 
at the time grading is performed.
    Secretary means the Secretary of the Department, or any other 
officer or employee of the Department to whom there has heretofore been 
delegated, or to whom there may hereafter be delegated, the authority to 
act in his stead.
    Service means the Agricultural Marketing Service of the Department.
    Slight discolorations on poultry skin or flesh are areas of 
discoloration that are generally pinkish in color and do not detract 
from the appearance of the carcass, part, or poultry product.
    Soundness means freedom from external evidence of any disease or 
condition which may render a carcass or product unfit for food.

[[Page 235]]

    State supervisor or Federal-State supervisor means any authorized 
and designated individual who is in charge of the poultry grading 
service in a State.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976; 41 FR 24693, June 18, 1976. Redesignated at 
42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and amended at 43 FR 60138, Dec. 26, 1978. 
Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46071, 
Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982; 51 FR 17280, May 9, 1986; 60 
FR 6639, Feb. 2, 1995]



Sec. 70.2   Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for purposes of the Agricultural Marketing Act.

    Subsection 203(h) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as 
amended by Pub. L. 272, 84th Congress, provides criminal penalties for 
various specified offenses relating to official certificates, memoranda, 
marks, or other identification and devices for making such marks or 
identifications, issued or authorized under section 203 of said Act, and 
certain misrepresentations concerning the grading of agricultural 
products under said section. For the purposes of said subsection and the 
provisions in this part, the terms listed in this section shall have the 
respective meaning specified:
    (a) Official certificate means any form of certification, either 
written or printed, used under this part to certify with respect to the 
sampling, class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition of 
products (including the compliance of products with applicable 
specifications).
    (b) Official memorandum means any initial record of findings made by 
an authorized person in the process of grading or sampling pursuant to 
this part, any processing or plant-operation report made by an 
authorized person in connection with grading or sampling under this 
part, and any report made by an authorized person of services performed 
pursuant to this part.
    (c) Official mark means the grade-mark and any other mark, or any 
variations in such marks, approved by the Administrator and authorized 
to be affixed to any product or affixed to or printed on the packaging 
material of any product, stating that the product was graded or 
indicating the appropriate U.S. Grade or condition of the product, or 
for maintaining the identity of products graded under this part, 
including but not limited to, those marks set forth in Sec. 70.51.
    (d) Official identification means any United States (U.S.) standard 
designation of class, grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition 
specified in this part or any symbol, stamp, label, or seal indicating 
that the product has been officially graded and/or indicating the class, 
grade, quality, size, quantity, or condition of the product approved by 
the Administrator and authorized to be affixed to any product, or 
affixed to or printed on the packaging material of any product.
    (e) Official device means a stamping appliance, branding device, 
stencil, printed label, or any other mechanically or manually operated 
tool that is approved by the Administrator for the purpose of applying 
any official mark or other identification to any product or the 
packaging material thereof.



Sec. 70.3   Administration.

    The Administrator shall perform for and under the supervision of the 
Secretary such duties as are prescribed in the regulations in this part 
and as the Secretary may require in the administration of the 
regulations in this part. The Administrator is authorized to waive for 
limited periods any particular provisions of the regulations to permit 
experimentation so that new procedures and grading techniques may be 
tested to facilitate definite improvements and at the same time to 
determine full compliance with the spirit and intent of the regulations. 
The Agricultural Marketing Service and its officers and employees shall 
not be liable in damages through acts of commission or omission in the 
administration of this part.



Sec. 70.4   Grading services available.

    The regulations in this part provide for the following kinds of 
service; and any one or more of the different services applicable to 
official plants may be rendered in an official plant:
    (a) Grading of ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits in an official 
plant or at other locations with adequate facilities.

[[Page 236]]

    (b) Grading of specified poultry food products in official plants.



Sec. 70.5  Nondiscrimination.

    The conduct of all services and the licensing of graders and 
inspectors under these regulations shall be accomplished without regard 
to race, color, national origin, religion, age, sex, or disability.

[60 FR 6640, Feb. 2, 1995]



Sec. 70.6  OMB control numbers assigned pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act.

    (a) Purpose. This section collects and displays the control numbers 
assigned to information collection requirements by the Office of 
Management and Budget contained in 7 CFR part 70 pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, Pub. L. 96-511.
    (b) Display.

                                                                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Current OMB
        7 CFR section where identified and described         control No.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
70.3.......................................................    0581-0127
70.10......................................................    0581-0127
70.17......................................................    0581-0127
70.18......................................................    0581-0127
70.20(a)...................................................    0581-0127
70.21......................................................    0581-0127
70.31(a)...................................................    0581-0127
70.31(b)...................................................    0581-0127
70.33......................................................    0581-0127
70.34......................................................    0581-0127
70.35......................................................    0581-0127
70.36......................................................    0581-0127
70.38(c)...................................................    0581-0127
70.38(d)...................................................    0581-0127
70.40......................................................    0581-0127
70.50......................................................    0581-0127
70.61......................................................    0581-0127
70.62......................................................    0581-0127
70.73......................................................    0581-0127
70.76(b)(1)................................................    0581-0127
70.76(b)(3)(ii)............................................    0581-0127
70.77(a)(1)................................................    0581-0127
70.77(a)(4)................................................    0581-0127
70.77(b)(1)................................................    0581-0127
70.77(b)(3)(ii)............................................    0581-0127
70.91(a)...................................................    0581-0127
70.91(c)...................................................    0581-0127
70.92......................................................    0581-0127
70.100.....................................................    0581-0127
70.102.....................................................    0581-0127
70.210(e)..................................................    0581-0127
70.310(e)..................................................    0581-0127
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[48 FR 56566, Dec. 22, 1983, as amended at 51 FR 26224, July 22, 1986]

                            Basis of Service



Sec. 70.10   Grading service.

    Any grading service in accordance with the regulations in this part 
shall be for class, quality, quantity, or condition or any combination 
thereof. Grading service with respect to determination of quality of 
products shall be on the basis of United States classes, standards, and 
grades as contained in subparts B and C of this part. However, grading 
service may be rendered with respect to products which are bought and 
sold on the basis of institutional contract specifications or 
specifications of the applicant, and such service, when approved by the 
Administrator, shall be rendered on the basis of such specifications.
Sec. 70.11  [Reserved]



Sec. 70.12   Supervision.

    All grading service shall be subject to supervision at all times by 
the responsible State supervisor, regional director, and national 
supervisor. Such service shall be rendered in accordance with 
instructions issued by the Administrator where the facilities and 
conditions are satisfactory for the conduct of the service and the 
requisite graders are available. Whenever the supervisor of a grader has 
evidence that such grader incorrectly graded a product, such supervisor 
shall take such action as is necessary to correct the grading and to 
cause any improper grademarks which appear on the product or containers 
thereof to be corrected prior to shipment of the product from the place 
of initial grading.



Sec. 70.13   Ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food products; eligibility.

    Only ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food 
products which are inspected and passed by the poultry inspection 
service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or by any other official 
inspection system acceptable to the Department may be graded.



Sec. 70.14   Squabs and domesticated game birds; eligibility.

    Squabs and domesticated game birds (including, but not being limited 
to,

[[Page 237]]

quail, pheasants, and wild species of ducks and geese raised in 
captivity) may be graded under the regulations in this part, only if 
they have been inspected and passed by the poultry inspection service of 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture or have been inspected by any other 
official inspection system acceptable to the Department.



Sec. 70.15   Equipment and facilities to be furnished for use of graders in performing service on a resident basis.

    Such equipment and facilities shall include but not be limited to:
    (a) An accurate metal stem thermometer.
    (b) A drill with a steel bit to drill holes in frozen product for 
inserting the metal thermometer stem to determine temperature.
    (c) Scales graduated in tenths of a pound or less for weighing 
carcasses, parts, or products individually or in containers up to 100 
pounds, and test weights for such scales.
    (d) Scales graduated in one-pound graduation or less for weighing 
bulk containers of poultry and test weights for such scales.
    (e) Furnished adequate office space, a desk equipped with a 
satisfactory locking device, lockers or cabinets suitable for the 
protection and storage of official supplies and facilities suitable for 
graders to change clothing.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 51 FR 17280, May 9, 
1986; 60 FR 6640, Feb. 2, 1995]



Sec. 70.16   Prerequisites to grading.

    Grading of products shall be rendered pursuant to the regulations in 
this part and under such conditions and in accordance with such methods 
as may be prescribed or approved by the Administrator.



Sec. 70.17   Accessibility of products.

    Each product for which grading service is requested shall be so 
placed as to disclose fully its class, quality, quantity, and condition 
as the circumstances may warrant.



Sec. 70.18  Schedule of operation of official plants.

    Grading operation schedules for services performed pursuant to 
Secs. 70.76 and 70.77 shall be requested in writing and be approved by 
the Administrator. Normal operating schedules for a full week consist of 
a continuous 8-hour period per day (excluding not to exceed 1 hour for 
lunch), 5 consecutive days per week, within the administrative workweek, 
Sunday through Saturday, for each shift required. Less than 8-hour 
schedules may be requested and will be approved if a grader is 
available. Clock hours of daily operations need not be specified in the 
request, although as a condition of continued approval, the hours of 
operation shall be reasonably uniform from day to day. Graders are to be 
notified by management 1 day in advance of any change in the hours 
grading service is requested.

[48 FR 20683, May 9, 1983]

                         Performance of Services



Sec. 70.20   Licensed or authorized graders.

    (a) Any person who is a Federal or State employee, the employee of a 
local jurisdiction, or the employee of a cooperating agency possessing 
proper qualifications as determined by an examination for competency and 
who is to perform grading service under this part may be licensed by the 
Secretary as a grader.
    (b) All licenses issued by the Secretary shall be countersigned by 
the officer in charge of the poultry grading service of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service or any other designated officer of such Service.
    (c) Any person who is employed by any official plant and possesses 
proper qualifications as determined by the Administrator may be 
authorized to grade poultry and/or rabbits on the basis of the U.S. 
classes, standards, and grades under the supervision of a grader. No 
person to whom such authorization is granted shall have authority to 
issue any grading certificates, grading memoranda, or other official 
documents; and all products graded by any such person shall thereafter 
be check graded by a grader.

[[Page 238]]



Sec. 70.21   Suspension of license; revocation.

    Pending final action by the Secretary, any person authorized to 
countersign a license to perform grading service may, whenever he deems 
such action necessary to assure that any grading services are properly 
performed, suspend any license to perform grading service issued 
pursuant to this part, by giving notice of such suspension to the 
respective licensee, accompanied by a statement of the reasons therefor. 
Within 7 days after the receipt of the aforesaid notice and statement of 
reasons, the licensee may file an appeal in writing, with the Secretary, 
supported by any argument or evidence that he may wish to offer as to 
why his license should not be further suspended or revoked. After the 
expiration of the aforesaid 7-day period and consideration of such 
argument and evidence, the Secretary will take such action as he deems 
appropriate with respect to such suspension or revocation. When no 
appeal is filed within the prescribed 7 days, the license to perform 
grading service is revoked.



Sec. 70.22   Surrender of license.

    Each license which is suspended or revoked shall immediately be 
surrendered by the licensee to the office of grading serving the area in 
which he is located. Upon termination of the services of a licensed 
grader, the licensee shall surrender his license immediately for 
cancellation.



Sec. 70.23   Identification.

    Each grader shall have in his possession at all times, and present 
upon request while on duty, the means of identification furnished by the 
Department to such person.



Sec. 70.24   Financial interest of graders.

    No grader shall render service on any product in which he is 
financially interested.



Sec. 70.25   Political activity.

    All graders are forbidden, during the period of their respective 
appointments or licenses, to take an active part in political management 
or in political campaigns. Political activity in city, county, State, or 
national elections, whether primary or regular, or in behalf of any 
party or candidate, or any measure to be voted upon, is prohibited. This 
applies to all appointees, including, but not being limited to, 
temporary and cooperative employees and employees on leave of absence 
with or without pay. Willful violation of this section will constitute 
grounds for dismissal in the case of appointees and revocation of 
licenses in the case of licensees.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, as amended at 48 FR 20683, May 9, 
1983]

                     Application for Grading Service



Sec. 70.30   Who may obtain grading service.

    An application for grading service may be made by any interested 
person, including, but not being limited to, the United States, any 
State, county, municipality, or common carrier, and any authorized agent 
of the foregoing.



Sec. 70.31   How application for service may be made; conditions of service.

    (a) Noncontinuous grading service on a fee basis. An application for 
any noncontinuous grading service on a fee basis may be made in any 
office of grading or with any grader at or nearest the place where the 
service is desired. Such application may be made orally (in person or by 
telephone), in writing, or by telegraph. If the application for grading 
service is made orally, the office of grading or the grader with whom 
such application is made or the Administrator may require that the 
application be confirmed in writing.
    (b) Continuous grading service on a resident basis or continuous 
grading service on a nonresident basis. An application for continuous 
grading service on a resident basis or for continuous grading service on 
a nonresident basis must be made in writing on forms approved by the 
Administrator and filed with the Administrator. Such forms may be 
obtained at the national, regional, or State grading office. In making 
application, the applicant agrees to comply with the terms and 
conditions of the regulations (including, but not being

[[Page 239]]

limited to, such instructions governing grading of products as may be 
issued from time to time by the Administrator). No member of or Delegate 
to Congress or Resident Commissioner shall be admitted to any benefit 
that may arise from such service unless derived through service rendered 
a corporation for its general benefit.



Sec. 70.32   Filing of application.

    An application for grading service shall be regarded as filed only 
when made pursuant to the regulations in this part.



Sec. 70.33   Authority of applicant.

    Proof of the authority of any person applying for grading service 
may be required at the discretion of the Administrator.



Sec. 70.34   Application for grading service in official plants; approval.

    Any person desiring to process and pack products in a plant under 
grading service must receive approval of such plant and facilities as an 
official plant prior to the rendition of such service. An application 
for grading service to be rendered in an official plant shall be 
approved according to the following procedure: Survey. When application 
has been filed for grading service, as aforesaid, the State supervisor 
or his assistant shall examine the grading office, facilities, and 
equipment and specify any additional facilities or equipment needed for 
the service. When the plant survey for poultry or rabbit grading has 
been completed and approved in accordance with the regulations in this 
part, service may be installed.



Sec. 70.35   Rejection of application.

    Any application for grading service may be rejected by the 
Administrator (a) whenever the applicant fails to meet the requirements 
of the regulations prescribing the conditions under which the service is 
made available; (b) whenever the product is owned by or located on the 
premises of a person currently denied the benefits of the Act; (c) where 
any individual holding office or a responsible position with or having a 
substantial financial interest or share in the applicant, is currently 
denied the benefits of the Act, or was responsible in whole or in part 
for the current denial of the benefits of the Act to any person; (d) 
where the Administrator determines that the application is an attempt on 
the part of a person currently denied the benefits of the Act to obtain 
grading service; (e) whenever the applicant, after an initial survey has 
been made in accordance with Sec. 70.34, fails to bring the grading 
facilities and equipment into compliance with the regulations within a 
reasonable period of time; or (f) notwithstanding any prior approval 
whenever, before inauguration of service, the applicant fails to fulfill 
commitments concerning the inauguration of the service. Each such 
applicant shall be promptly notified by registered mail of the reasons 
for the rejection. A written petition for reconsideration of such 
rejection may be filed by the applicant with the Administrator if 
postmarked or delivered within 10 days after receipt of notice of the 
rejection. Such petition shall state specifically the errors alleged to 
have been made by the Administrator in rejecting the application. Within 
20 days following the receipt of such a petition for reconsideration, 
the Administrator shall approve the application or notify the applicant 
by registered mail of the reasons for the rejection thereof.



Sec. 70.36   Withdrawal of application.

    Any application for grading service may be withdrawn by the 
applicant at any time before the service is performed upon payment by 
the applicant, of all expenses incurred by the Service in connection 
with such application.



Sec. 70.37   Order of service.

    Grading service shall be performed, insofar as practicable and 
subject to the availability of qualified graders, in the order in which 
applications therefor are made, except that precedence may be given to 
any application for an appeal grading.



Sec. 70.38   Suspension or withdrawal of plant approval for correctable cause.

    (a) Any plant approval given pursuant to the regulations in this 
part may be suspended by the Administrator for

[[Page 240]]

(1) failure to maintain grading facilities and equipment in a 
satisfactory state of repair, sanitation, or cleanliness; (2) the use of 
operating procedures which are not in accordance with the regulations in 
this part; or (3) alterations of grading facilities or equipment which 
have not been approved in accordance with the regulations in this part.
    (b) Whenever it is feasible to do so, written notice in advance of a 
suspension shall be given to the person concerned and shall specify a 
reasonable period of time in which corrective action must be taken. If 
advance written notice is not given, the suspension action shall be 
promptly confirmed in writing and the reasons therefor shall be stated, 
except in instances where the person has already corrected the 
deficiency. Such service, after appropriate corrective action is taken, 
will be restored immediately, or as soon thereafter as a grader can be 
made available. During such period of suspension, grading service shall 
not be rendered. However, the other provisions of the regulations 
pertaining to providing service on a resident basis will remain in 
effect unless such service is terminated in accordance with the 
provisions of this part.
    (c) If the grading facilities or methods of operation are not 
brought into compliance within a reasonable period of time as specified 
by the Administrator, he shall initiate withdrawal action pursuant to 
the Rules of Practice Governing Withdrawal of Inspection and Grading 
Service (7 CFR part 1, subpart H), and the operator shall be afforded an 
opportunity for an oral hearing upon his written request in accordance 
with such Rules of Practice, with respect to the merits or validity of 
the withdrawal action, but any suspension shall continue in effect 
pending the outcome of such hearing unless otherwise ordered by the 
Administrator. Upon withdrawal of grading service in an official plant, 
the plant approval shall also become terminated, and all labels, seals, 
tags, or packaging material bearing official identification shall, under 
the supervision of a person designated by the service, either be 
destroyed, or the official identification completely obliterated, or 
sealed in a manner acceptable to the service.
    (d) In any case where grading service is withdrawn under this 
Sec. 70.38, the person concerned may thereafter apply for grading 
service as provided in Secs. 70.30 through 70.37 of these regulations.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60139, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]

                            Denial of Service



Sec. 70.40   Debarment.

    The acts or practices set forth in Secs. 70.41 through 70.46, or the 
causing thereof, may be deemed sufficient cause for the debarment by the 
Administrator of any person, including any agents, officers, 
subsidiaries, or affiliates of such person, from any or all benefits of 
the Act for a specified period. The rules of practice governing 
withdrawal of grading services in formal adjudicatory proceedings 
instituted by the Secretary (7 CFR, part 1, subpart H) shall be 
applicable to such debarment action.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 43 FR 60139, Dec. 26, 1978. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 70.41   Misrepresentation, deceptive, or fraudulent acts or practices.

    Any willful misrepresentation or any deceptive or fraudulent act or 
practice found to be made or committed by any person in connection with:
    (a) The making or filing of any application for any grading service, 
appeal or regrading service;
    (b) The making of the product accessible for grading;
    (c) The making, issuing, or using, or attempting to issue or use any 
grading certificate, symbol, stamp, label, seal, or identification, 
authorized pursuant to the regulations in this part;
    (d) The use of the terms ``United States'' or ``U.S.'' in 
conjunction with the grade of the product;
    (e) The use of any of the aforesaid terms or any official stamp, 
symbol,

[[Page 241]]

label, seal, or identification in the labeling or advertising of any 
product.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976; 41 FR 24693, June 18, 1976. Redesignated at 
42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 70.42   Use of facsimile forms.

    Using or attempting to use a form which simulates in whole or in 
part any certificate, symbol, stamp, label, seal, or identification 
authorized to be issued or used under the regulations in this part.



Sec. 70.43   Willful violation of the regulations.

    Any willful violation of the regulations in this part or the Act.



Sec. 70.44   Interfering with a grader or employee of Service.

    Any interference with or obstruction or any attempted interference 
or obstruction of, or assault upon any grader, licensee, or employee of 
the Service in the performance of his duties. The giving or offering, 
directly or indirectly, of any money, loan, gift, or anything of value 
to an employee of the Service, or the making or offering of any 
contribution to or in any way supplementing the salary, compensation, or 
expenses of an employee of the Service, or the offering or entering into 
a private contract or agreement with an employee of the Service for any 
services to be rendered while employed by the Service.



Sec. 70.45   Misleading labeling.

    The use of the terms ``Government Graded'' and ``Federal-State 
Graded'' or terms of similar import in the labeling or advertising of 
any product without stating in the labeling or advertisement the U.S. 
grade of the product as determined by an authorized grader.



Sec. 70.46   Miscellaneous.

    The existence of any of the conditions set forth in Sec. 70.35 
constituting a basis for the rejection of an application for grading 
service.

                    Identifying and Marking Products



Sec. 70.50   Approval of official identification and wording on labels.

    Any label or packaging material which bears any official grade 
identification shall be used only in such a manner as the Administrator 
may prescribe, and such labeling or packaging materials, including the 
wording used on such materials, shall be approved in accordance with and 
conform with the provisions of this part 70 and the applicable 
provisions of Secs. 381.115 through 381.141 of 9 CFR part 381. Poultry 
Products Inspection Regulations. Labeling requirements for ready-to-cook 
rabbits, except for the product name, shall be the same as for ready-to-
cook poultry. For ready-to-cook rabbits the class name shall be shown on 
the label. The appropriate designation, ``young,'' ``mature,'' or 
``old,'' may be used as a prefix to the word ``rabbit'' in lieu of the 
class name.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976; 41 FR 24694, June 18, 1976. Redesignated at 
42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981]



Sec. 70.51   Marking graded products.

    (a) Information required on grademark. Except as otherwise 
authorized by the Administrator, each grademark, which is to be used, 
shall include the letters ``USDA'' and the U.S. Grade of the product it 
identifies, such as ``U.S. A Grade,'' and such information shall be 
printed with the shield in a dark color and the wording within the 
shield in a light color or the shield in a light color and the wording 
within the shield in a dark color, provided that such design is legible 
and conspicuous on the material upon which it is printed. In addition, a 
term, such as ``Federal-State Graded,'' or ``Government Graded,'' may be 
used adjacent to but not within the grademark.
    (b) Form of official identification symbol and grademark. (1) The 
shield set forth in Figure 1, containing the letters ``USDA'' shall be 
the official identification symbol for purposes of this part, and when 
used, imitated, or simulated in any manner in connection with poultry or 
rabbits, shall be deemed

[[Page 242]]

prima facia to constitute a representation that the product has been 
officially graded for the purposes of Sec. 70.2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.022

    (2) Except as otherwise authorized, the grademark permitted to be 
used to officially identify consumer graded poultry and rabbit products, 
shall be of the form and design indicated in Figure 2 or 3 of this 
section. The shield shall be of sufficient size so that the print and 
other information contained therein is distinctly legible and in 
approximately the same proportion and size as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.023

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC25SE91.024

    (c) Products that may be individually grade marked. The grademarks 
set forth in Figures 2 and 3 may be applied individually to ready-to-
cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food products for which 
consumer grades are provided in subparts B and C of this part, or to the 
containers in which such products are enclosed for the purpose of 
display and sale to household consumers, only when such products qualify 
for the particular grade indicated in accordance with the consumer 
grades.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 51 FR 17280, May 9, 
1986]



Sec. 70.52   Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits identified with consumer grademarks.

    The official identification of any graded product as provided in 
Secs. 70.50 and 70.51 shall be done only under the supervision of a 
grader. The grader shall have supervision over the use and handling of 
all material bearing any official identification.



Sec. 70.54   Retention authorities.

    A grader may use retention tags or other devices and methods as 
approved by the Administrator for the identification and control of 
poultry or rabbit products which are not in compliance with the 
regulations or are held for further examination. Any such item

[[Page 243]]

shall not be released until in compliance with the regulations and 
retention identification shall not be removed by anyone other than a 
grader.



Sec. 70.55   Check grading officially identified product.

    Officially identified poultry or rabbit products may be subject to 
final check grading prior to their shipment. Such product found not to 
be in compliance with the assigned official grade shall be placed under 
a retention tag until it is regraded to comply with the grade assigned 
or until the official identification is removed.

                                 Reports



Sec. 70.60   Report of grading work.

    Reports of the work of grading carried on within official plants 
shall be forwarded to the Administrator by the grader in such manner as 
may be specified by the Administrator.



Sec. 70.61  Information to be furnished to graders.

    The applicant for grading service shall furnish to the grader 
rendering such service such information as may be required for the 
purposes of this part.

[47 FR 46071, Oct. 15, 1982; 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982]



Sec. 70.62   Reports of violations.

    Each grader shall report, in the manner prescribed by the 
Administrator, all violations of and noncompliance with the Act and the 
regulations in this part of which he has knowledge.

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 70.70   Payment of fees and charges.

    (a) Fees and charges for any grading service shall be paid by the 
interested party making the application for such service in accordance 
with the applicable provisions of this section and Secs. 70.71 through 
70.78 inclusive. If so required by the grader, such fees and charges 
shall be paid in advance.
    (b) Fees and charges for any grading service shall, unless otherwise 
required pursuant to paragraph (c) of this section, be paid by check, 
draft, or money order payable to the Agricultural Marketing Service and 
remitted promptly to the Service.
    (c) Fees and charges for any grading under a cooperative agreement 
with any State or person shall be paid in accordance with the terms of 
such cooperative agreement.



Sec. 70.71   On a fee basis.

    (a) Unless otherwise provided in this part, the fees to be charged 
and collected for any service (other than for an appeal grading) 
performed, in accordance with this part, on a fee basis shall be based 
on the applicable rates specified in this section.
    (b) Fees for grading services will be based on the time required to 
perform such services for class, quality, quantity (weight test), or 
condition, whether ready-to-cook poultry, ready-to-cook rabbits, or 
specified poultry food products are involved. The hourly charge shall be 
$33.64 and shall include the time actually required to perform the work, 
waiting time, travel time, and any clerical costs involved in issuing a 
certificate.
    (c) Grading services rendered on Saturdays, Sundays, or legal 
holidays shall be charged for at the rate of $35.52 per hour. 
Information on legal holidays is available from the Supervisor.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 49571, Oct. 7, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, 
Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 59 FR 52638, Oct. 18, 1994]



Sec. 70.72  Fees for appeal grading, laboratory analysis, or examination or review of a grader's decision.

    The costs of an appeal grading, laboratory analysis, or examination 
or review of a grader's decision will be borne by the appellant at an 
hourly rate of $27.36 for the time spent in performing the appeal and 
travel time to and from the site of the appeal, plus any additional 
expenses. If the appeal grading, laboratory analysis, or examination or 
review of a grader's decision discloses that a material error was made 
in the original determination, no fee or expenses will be charged.

[59 FR 52638, Oct. 18, 1994]

[[Page 244]]



Sec. 70.75   Travel expenses and other charges.

    Charges are to be made to cover the cost of travel and other 
expenses incurred by the Service in connection with rendering grading 
service. Such charges shall include the cost of transportation, per 
diem, and any other expenses.

[42 FR 2971, Jan. 14, 1977. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and amended at 46 FR 9, Jan. 2, 1981. Redesignated at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 
31, 1981]



Sec. 70.76   Charges for continuous poultry grading performed on a nonresident basis.

    Fees to be charged and collected for grading service on a 
nonresident grading basis shall be those provided in this section. The 
fees to be charged for any appeal grading shall be as provided in 
Sec. 70.72.
    (a) Charges. The charges for the grading of poultry and edible 
products thereof shall be paid by the applicant for the service and 
shall include items listed in this section as are applicable. Payment 
for the full cost of the grading service rendered to the applicant shall 
be made by the applicant to the Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. 
Department of Agriculture (hereinafter referred to as ``AMS''). Such 
full costs shall comprise such of the items listed in this section as 
are due and included in the bill or bills covering the period or periods 
during which the grading service was rendered. Bills will be rendered by 
the 10th day following the end of the billing period in which the 
service was rendered and are payable upon receipt.
    (1) A charge for the salary and other costs, as specified in this 
paragraph, for each grader while assigned to a plant, except that no 
charge will be made when the assigned grader is temporarily reassigned 
by AMS to perform grading service for other than the applicant. Base 
salary rates will be determined on a national average for all official 
plants operating in States under a Federal Trust Fund Agreement where 
Federal graders, State graders, or a combination of Federal and State 
graders are used, by averaging the salary rates paid to each Federal or 
State grader assigned to such plants. Charges to plants are as follows:
    (i) For all regular hours of work scheduled and approved as an 
established tour of duty for a plant, the regular rate charge will be 
made. The regular rate charge will be determined by adding an amount to 
the base salary rate to cover the costs to AMS for such items as the 
Employer's Tax imposed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) 
for Old Age and Survivor's Benefits under the Social Security System, 
retirement benefits, group life insurance, severance pay, sick leave, 
annual leave, additional salary and travel costs for relief grading 
service, accident payments, certain moving costs, and related servicing 
costs.
    (ii) All hours worked by an assigned grader or another grader in 
excess of the approved tour of duty, or worked on a nonscheduled 
workday, or actually worked on a holiday in excess of the tour of duty, 
will be considered as overtime. The charge for such overtime will be 150 
percent of the grader's base salary rate.
    (iii) For work performed on a holiday which is within the 
established tour of duty approved for a plant, the added charge will be 
the same as the grader's base rate.
    (iv) For work performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., night 
differential charges (for regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked 
during this period) will be at the applicable rates established plus 10 
percent of the base rate.
    (v) For work performed on Sunday, Sunday differential charges (for 
regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked on Sunday) will be at the 
applicable rates established plus 25 percent of the base rate.
    (vi) For all hours of work performed in a plant without an approved 
tour of duty, the charge will be one of the applicable hourly rates in 
Sec. 70.71.
    (2) An administrative service charge equal to 25 percent of the 
grader's total salary costs. A minimum charge of $215 will be made each 
billing period. The minimum charge also applies where an approved 
application is in effect and no product is handled.

[[Page 245]]

    (b) Other provisions. (1) The applicant shall designate in writing 
the employees of the applicant who will be required and authorized to 
furnish each grader with such information as may be necessary for the 
performance of the grading service.
    (2) AMS will provide, as available, an adequate number of graders to 
perform the grading service. The number of graders required will be 
determined by AMS based on the expected demand for service.
    (3) The grading service shall be provided at designated locations 
and shall be continued until the service is suspended, withdrawn, or 
terminated by:
    (i) Mutual consent;
    (ii) Thirty (30) days' written notice by either the applicant or AMS 
specifying the date of suspension, withdrawal or termination;
    (iii) One (1) day's written notice by AMS to the applicant if the 
applicant fails to honor any invoice within thirty (30) days after date 
of invoice covering the cost of the grading service; or
    (iv) Action taken by AMS pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 70.38 or 
Sec. 70.40.
    (4) Graders will be required to confine their activities to those 
duties necessary in the rendering of grading service and such closely 
related activities as may be approved by AMS: Provided, That in no 
instance may the graders assume the duties of management.
    (5) When similar nonresident grading services are furnished to the 
same applicant under part 55 or part 56 of this chapter, the charges 
listed in this section shall not be repeated.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 70.76, 
see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of 
this volume.



Sec. 70.77   Charges for continuous poultry or rabbit grading performed on a resident basis.

    Fees to be charged and collected for any grading service, other than 
for an appeal grading, on a resident grading basis, shall be those 
provided in this section. The fees to be charged for any appeal grading 
shall be as provided in Sec. 70.72.
    (a) Charges. The charges for the grading of poultry and rabbits and 
edible products thereof shall be paid by the applicant for the service 
and shall include items listed in this section as are applicable. 
Payment for the full cost of the grading service rendered to the 
applicant shall be made by the applicant to the Agricultural Marketing 
Service U.S. Department of Agriculture (hereinafter referred to as 
``AMS''). Such full costs shall comprise such of the items listed in 
this section as are due and included in the bill or bills covering the 
period or periods during which the grading service was rendered. Bills 
will be rendered by the 10th day following the end of the billing period 
in which the service was rendered and are payable upon receipt.
    (1) An inauguration charge of $310 will be made at the time an 
application for service is signed, except when the application is 
required because of a change in name or ownership. If service is not 
installed within 6 months from the date the application is filed, or if 
service is inactive due to an approved request for removal of a 
grader(s) for a period of 6 months, the application will be considered 
terminated, but a new application may be filed at any time. In addition, 
there will be a charge of $300 if the application is terminated at the 
request of the applicant for reasons other than for a change in location 
within 12 months from the date of the inauguration of service.
    (2) A charge for the salary and other costs, as specified in this 
paragraph, for each grader while assigned to a plant, except that no 
charge will be made when the assigned grader is temporarily reassigned 
by AMS to perform grading service for other than the applicant. Base 
salary rates will be determined on a national average for all official 
plants operating in States under a Federal Trust Fund Agreement where 
Federal graders, State graders, or a combination of Federal and State 
graders are used, by averaging the salary rates paid to each Federal or 
State grader assigned to such plants. Charges to plants are as follows:
    (i) For all regular hours of work scheduled and approved as an 
established tour of duty for a plant, the regular rate charge will be 
made. The regular rate charge will be determined by adding an amount to 
the base salary

[[Page 246]]

rate to cover the costs to AMS for such items as the Employer's Tax 
imposed under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (26 U.S.C.) for Old Age and 
Survivor's Benefits under the Social Security System, retirement 
benefits, group life insurance, severance pay, sick leave, annual leave, 
additional salary and travel costs for relief grading service, accident 
payments, certain moving costs, and related servicing costs.
    (ii) All hours worked by an assigned grader or another grader in 
excess of the approved tour of duty, or worked on a nonscheduled 
workday, or actually worked on a holiday in excess of the tour of duty 
will be considered as overtime. The charge for such overtime will be 150 
percent of the grader's base salary rate.
    (iii) For work performed on a holiday which is within the 
established tour of duty approved for a plant, the added charge will be 
the same as the grader's base rate.
    (iv) For work performed between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., night 
differential charges (for regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked 
during this period) will be at the applicable rates established plus 10 
percent of the base rate.
    (v) For work performed on Sunday, Sunday differential charges (for 
regular, overtime, or holiday hours worked on Sunday) will be at the 
applicable rates established plus 25 percent of the base rate.
    (vi) For all hours of work performed in a plant without an approved 
tour of duty, the charge will be one of the applicable hourly rates in 
Sec. 70.71.
    (3) A charge at the hourly rates specified in Sec. 70.71, plus 
actual travel expenses incurred by AMS for intermediate surveys to firms 
without grading service in effect.
    (4) For poultry grading: An administrative service charge based upon 
the aggregate weight of the total volume of all live and ready-to-cook 
poultry handled in the plant per billing period computed in accordance 
with the following: Total pounds per billing period multiplied by 
$0.00031, except that the minimum charge per billing period shall be 
$215 and the maximum charge shall be $2,150. The minimum charge also 
applies where an approved application is in effect and no product is 
handled.
    (5) For rabbit grading: An administrative service charge equal to 25 
percent of the grader's total salary costs. A minimum charge of $215 
will be made each billing period. The minimum charge also applies where 
an approved application is in effect and no product is handled.
    (b) Other provisions. (1) The applicant shall designate in writing 
the employees of the applicant who will be required and authorized to 
furnish each grader with such information as may be necessary for the 
performance of the grading service.
    (2) AMS will provide, as available, an adequate number of graders to 
perform the grading service. The number of graders required will be 
determined by AMS based on the expected demand for service.
    (3) The grading service shall be provided at the designated plant 
and shall be continued until the service is suspended, withdrawn, or 
terminated by:
    (i) Mutual consent;
    (ii) Thirty (30) days' written notice by either the applicant or AMS 
specifying the date of suspension, withdrawal, or termination;
    (iii) One (1) day's written notice by AMS to the applicant if the 
applicant fails to honor any invoice within thirty (30) days after date 
of invoice covering the cost of the grading service; or
    (iv) Action taken by AMS pursuant to the provisions of Sec. 70.38 
through Sec. 70.40.
    (4) Graders will be required to confine their activities to those 
duties necessary in the rendering of grading service and such closely 
related activities as may be approved by AMS: Provided, That in no 
instance may the graders assume the duties of management.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 70.77, 
see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of 
this volume.



Sec. 70.78   Fees or charges for grading service performed under cooperative agreement.

    Fees or charges to be made to an applicant for any grading service 
which differ from those listed in Secs. 70.70

[[Page 247]]

through 70.77, shall be provided for by a cooperative agreement.

                                 Grading



Sec. 70.80  General.

    Whenever grading service is provided for examination of quality, 
condition, or for test weighing on a representative sample basis, such 
sample shall be drawn and consist of not less than the minimum number of 
containers indicated in the following table. The number of 
representative samples for large bulk containers (combo bins, tanks, 
etc.) may be reduced by one-half. For quality or condition, all of the 
poultry and rabbits in each representative sample shall be examined 
except for individual ready-to-cook carcasses weighing under 6 pounds in 
large bulk containers. For individual carcasses weighing under 6 pounds 
in large bulk containers, 100 carcasses shall be examined for quality or 
condition. Procedures for test weighing shall be in accordance with 
those prescribed by the Administrator.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Containers
                      Containers in lot                        in sample
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 or less...................................................         All
4 to 20.....................................................           4
21 to 100...................................................           6
101 to 500..................................................           8
501 to 1,000................................................          15
1,001 to 2,000..............................................          25
2,001 to 4,000..............................................          40
Over 4,000..................................................          60
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 51 FR 17280, May 9, 
1986]



Sec. 70.81   Ready-to-cook poultry and rabbits and specified poultry food products.

    (a) Ready-to-cook poultry or rabbit carcasses or parts or specified 
poultry food products may be graded only if they have been inspected and 
certified by the poultry inspection service of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, or inspected and passed by any other inspection system 
which is acceptable to the Department.
    (b) Only when ready-to-cook poultry carcasses, parts, poultry food 
products, including those used in preparing raw poultry food products, 
have been graded on an individual basis by a grader or by an authorized 
person pursuant to Sec. 70.20(c) and thereafter checkgraded by a grader, 
and when poultry food products have been prepared under the supervision 
of a grader, may the individual container, carcass, part, or poultry 
food product be identified with the appropriate official letter 
grademark. Checkgrading will be accomplished in accordance with a 
statistical sampling plan prescribed by the Administrator. Grading with 
respect to quality factors for freezing defects and appearance of the 
finished products may be done on a sample basis in accordance with a 
plan prescribed by the Administrator.
    (c) Only when ready-to-cook rabbit carcasses or parts have been 
graded on an individual basis by a grader or by an authorized person 
pursuant to Sec. 70.20(c) and thereafter checkgraded by a grader, may 
the container or the individual carcass or part be identified with the 
appropriate official letter grademark. Checkgrading will be accomplished 
in accordance with a statistical sampling plan prescribed by the 
Administrator. Grading with respect to quality factors for freezing 
defects and appearance of the finished products may be done on a sample 
basis in accordance with a plan prescribed by the Administrator.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 51 FR 17281, May 9, 
1986]

                          Grading Certificates



Sec. 70.90   Forms.

    Grading certificates (including appeal grading certificates and 
regrading certificates) shall be issued on forms approved by the 
Administrator.



Sec. 70.91   Issuance and disposition.

    (a) Resident grading basis. Certificates will be issued only upon a 
request therefor by the applicant or the Service. When requested, a 
grader shall issue a certificate covering product graded by him. In 
addition, a grader may issue a grading certificate covering product 
graded in whole or in part by another grader when the grader has 
knowledge that the product is eligible

[[Page 248]]

for certification based on personal examination of the product or 
official grading records.
    (b) Other than resident grading. Each grader shall, in person or by 
his authorized agent, issue a grading certificate covering each product 
graded by him. A grader's name may be signed on a grading certificate by 
a person other than the grader if such person has been designated as the 
authorized agent of such grader by the national supervisor: Provided, 
That the certificate is prepared from an official memorandum of grading 
signed by the grader.
    (c) The original and a copy of each grading certificate, issued 
pursuant to Secs. 70.90 through 70.92, and not to exceed two additional 
copies thereof if requested by the applicant prior to issuance shall, 
immediately upon issuance, be delivered or mailed to the applicant or 
person designated by him. Other copies shall be filed and retained in 
accordance with the disposition schedule for grading program records.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 30514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 47 FR 46071, Oct. 15, 
1982 and 47 FR 54421, Dec. 3, 1982; 51 FR 17281, May 9, 1986]



Sec. 70.92   Advance information.

    Upon the request of an applicant, all or part of the contents of any 
grading certificate issued to such applicant may be telephoned or 
telegraphed to him, or to any person designated by him, at his expense.

                     Appeal of a Grading or Decision



Sec. 70.100   Who may request an appeal grading or review of a grader's decision.

    An appeal grading may be requested by any interested party who is 
dissatisfied with the determination by a grader of the class, quality, 
quantity, or condition of any product as evidenced by the USDA grademark 
and accompanying label, or as stated on a grading certificate, and a 
review may be requested by the operator of an official plant with 
respect to a grader's decision on any other matter relating to grading 
in an official plant.



Sec. 70.101   Where to file an appeal.

    (a) Appeal from resident grader's grading or decision in an official 
plant. Any interested party who is not satisfied with the determination 
of the class, quality, quantity, or condition of product which was 
graded by a grader in an official plant and has not left such plant, and 
the operator of any official plant who is not satisfied with a decision 
made by a grader or any other matter relating to grading in such plant, 
may request an appeal grading or review of the decision by filing such 
request with the grader's immediate supervisor.
    (b) All other appeal requests. Any interested party who is not 
satisfied with the determination of the class, quality, quantity, or 
condition of product which has left the official plant where it was 
graded, or which was graded other than in an official plant, may request 
an appeal grading by filing such request with the regional director in 
the area where the product is located or with the Chief of the Grading 
Branch.



Sec. 70.102   How to file an appeal.

    Any request for an appeal grading or review of a grader's decision 
may be made orally or in writing. If made orally, written confirmation 
may be required. The applicant shall clearly state the reasons for 
requesting the appeal service, and a description of the product or the 
decision which is questioned. If such appeal request is based on the 
results stated on an official certificate, the original and all 
available copies of the certificate shall be returned to the appeal 
grader assigned to make the appeal grading.



Sec. 70.103   When an application for an appeal grading may be refused.

    When it appears to the official with whom an appeal request is filed 
that the reasons given in the request for an appeal grading are 
frivolous or not substantial, or that the quality or condition of the 
product has undergone a material change since the original grading, or 
that the original lot has changed in some manner, or the Act or the 
regulations in this part have not been complied with, the applicant's 
request for the appeal grading may be refused. In such case, the 
applicant shall

[[Page 249]]

be promptly notified of the reason(s) for such refusal.



Sec. 70.104   Who shall perform the appeal.

    (a) An appeal grading or review of a decision requested under 
Sec. 70.101(a) shall be made by the grader's immediate supervisor or by 
a licensed grader assigned by the immediate supervisor other than the 
grader whose grading or decision is being appealed.
    (b) Appeal gradings requested under Sec. 70.101(b) shall be 
performed by a grader other than the grader who originally graded the 
product.
    (c) Whenever practical, an appeal grading shall be conducted jointly 
by two graders. The assignment of the grader(s) who will make the appeal 
grading requested under Sec. 70.101(b) shall be made by the regional 
director or the Chief of the Grading Branch.



Sec. 70.105   Procedures for appeal gradings.

    (a) When all of the originally graded and identified samples are 
available, the appeal sample shall consist of such samples plus an equal 
number of samples.
    (b) When the original samples are not available, the appeal sample 
size for the lot shall consist of double the samples required in 
Sec. 70.80.
    (c) Poultry or rabbits in an unfrozen state must be adequately 
protected and kept in good condition until the appeal grading is 
performed.
    (d) Overwraps on frozen poultry or rabbits shall be removed from all 
birds or rabbits in the sample prior to appeal grading for quality or to 
determine the class.
    (e) When the appeal is based on grading or class determination 
factors, each frozen carcass shall be defrosted prior to conducting the 
appeal grading. Whether defrosting poultry or rabbit carcasses for other 
types of appeals will be required by the appeal grader, will depend upon 
the reason for the appeal.



Sec. 70.106   Appeal grading certificates.

    Immediately after an appeal grading is completed, an appeal 
certificate shall be issued to show that the original grading was 
sustained or was not sustained. Such certificate shall supersede any 
previously issued certificate for the product involved and shall clearly 
identify the number and date of the superseded certificate. The issuance 
of the appeal certificate may be withheld until any previously issued 
certificate and all copies have been returned when such action is deemed 
necessary to protect the interest of the Government. When the appeal 
grader assigns a different grade to the lot, the existing grademark 
shall be changed or obliterated as necessary. When the appeal grader 
assigns a different class or quantity designation to the lot, the 
labeling shall be corrected.

       Sanitary Requirements, Facilities, and Operating Procedures



Sec. 70.110  Requirements for sanitation, facilities, and operating procedures in official plants.

    (a) The requirements for sanitation, facilities, and operating 
procedures in official plants shall be the applicable provisions stated 
in 9 CFR part 381 for poultry, and for rabbits the requirements shall be 
the applicable provisions stated in 9 CFR part 354.
    (b) With respect to grading services, there shall be a minimum of 
50-foot candles of light intensity at grading stations; and acceptable 
means, when necessary, of maintaining control and identity of products 
segregated for quality, class, condition, weight, lot, or any other 
factor which may be used to distinguish one type of product from 
another.

[41 FR 23681, June 11, 1976. Redesignated at 42 FR 32514, June 27, 1977, 
and at 46 FR 63203, Dec. 31, 1981, and amended at 51 FR 17281, May 9, 
1986]



                         Subpart B-C--[Reserved]



PART 75--REGULATIONS FOR INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION OF QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND VEGETABLE SEEDS--Table of Contents




                               Definitions

Sec.
75.1  Meaning of words.
75.2  Terms defined.

                             Administration

75.3  Authority.

[[Page 250]]

75.4  Federal and State cooperation.
75.5  Regulations not applicable for certain purposes.
75.6  Nondiscrimination.

                               Inspection

75.7  Inspection in accordance with methods prescribed or approved.
75.8  Basis of service.
75.9  Who may obtain service.
75.10  How to make application.
75.11  Content of application.
75.12  When application deemed filed.
75.13  When application may be rejected.
75.14  When application may be withdrawn.
75.15  Authority of agent.
75.16  Accessibility of seeds.
75.17  Testing.
75.18  Sampling.
75.19  Seed lot inspection.
75.20  Submitted sample inspection.
75.21  Grain sample inspection.
75.22  Form of inspection certificate.
75.23  Issuance of inspection certificate.
75.24  Disposition of inspection certificate.
75.25  Issuance of corrected certificate.

                            Appeal Inspection

75.26  When appeal inspection may be requested.
75.27  How to file an appeal.
75.28  When a request for an appeal inspection may be withdrawn.
75.29  When an appeal may be refused.
75.30  Who shall perform appeal inspection.
75.31  Appeal inspection certificate.

                         Licensing of Inspectors

75.32  Who may become licensed inspector.
75.33  Suspension or revocation of license of inspector.
75.34  Surrender of license.

                  Sampling Provisions and Requirements

75.35  Obtaining samples for lot inspections.
75.36  Representative sample.
75.37  Submitted samples.
75.38  Lot inspections.
75.39  Use of file samples.
75.40  Protecting samples.

                            Fees and Charges

75.41  General.
75.42  Sampling and sealing.
75.43  Laboratory testing.
75.44  When application rejected or withdrawn.
75.45  Charge for appeals.
75.46  When appeal refused or withdrawn.
75.47  For certificates.

                              Miscellaneous

75.48  Identification number.
75.49  OMB control numbers.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622 and 1624.

    Source: 49 FR 18724, May 2, 1984, unless otherwise noted.

                               Definitions



Sec. 75.1  Meaning of words.

    Words used in the regulations in this part in the singular form 
shall be deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as the case may 
demand.



Sec. 75.2  Terms defined.

    For the purpose of these regulations unless the context otherwise 
requires, the following terms shall be construed, respectively, as 
follows:
    (a) Act means the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, as amended (7 
U.S.C. 1621 et seq.).
    (b) Regulations means the regulations in this part.
    (c) Department means the United States Department of Agriculture 
(USDA).
    (d) Secretary means the Secretary of the United States Department of 
Agriculture, or any officer or employee of the Department to whom 
authority has been delegated to act in the Secretary's stead.
    (e) Administrator means the Administrator of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service (AMS) of the Department, or any other officer or 
employee of AMS to whom authority has been delegated to act in the 
Administrator's stead.
    (f) Division means the Warehouse and Seed Division (WSD), AMS.
    (g) Director means the Director of the Division or any other officer 
or employee of the Division to whom authority has been delegated to act 
in the Director's stead.
    (h) Person means any individual, partnership, association, business 
trust, corporation, entity, or any other organized group of persons, 
whether incorporated or not.
    (i) Seed means any agricultural or vegetable seed.
    (j) Interested Party means any person financially interested in a 
transaction involving seed.
    (k) Applicant means an interested party who requests any inspection 
service with respect to seed.
    (l) Authorized agent means an agent to whom authority to represent a 
person or government agency has been given by that person or government

[[Page 251]]

agency through delegation, contract or cooperative agreement, or other 
means.
    (m) Memorandum of Understanding means a written plan between AMS and 
a State for carrying out their separate activities in a project of 
mutual interest to the parties involved.
    (n) Inspector means a licensed employee of a State authorized 
pursuant to a Memorandum of Understanding or an employee of the 
Department authorized by the Director, to draw samples of seeds, seal 
containers, inspect records, test seeds for quality, issue certificates 
and reports, and bill for services.
    (o) Inspection means sampling seeds, sealing containers, testing 
seeds for quality and reviewing records.
    (p) Appeal inspector means an inspector or other person designated 
or authorized by the Division to perform appeal inspections under the 
Act and regulations in this subpart.
    (q) Certificate means a certificate issued under the Act and the 
regulations in this subpart.

                             Administration



Sec. 75.3  Authority.

    The Director is charged with the administration of the provisions of 
the regulations and the Act insofar as they relate to the subject matter 
of the regulations, under the supervision of the Secretary and the 
Administrator.



Sec. 75.4  Federal and State cooperation.

    Pursuant to the Act, the Administrator is authorized to cooperate 
with the appropriate State agencies in carrying out provisions of the 
Act and these regulations through Memoranda of Understanding. The 
Memorandum of Understanding shall specify the duties to be performed by 
the parties concerned with each party directing its own activities and 
utilizing its own resources.



Sec. 75.5  Regulations not applicable for certain purposes.

    The regulations do not apply to the inspection of grain in the 
United States under the U.S. Grain Standards Act, as amended (7 U.S.C. 
71 et seq.), except to the extent that official grain samples received 
from the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) shall be examined for 
the presence of specified weed and crop seeds upon the request of FGIS.



Sec. 75.6  Nondiscrimination.

    The conduct of all services under these regulations shall be 
accomplished without discrimination as to race, color, religion, sex, or 
national origin.

                               Inspection



Sec. 75.7  Inspection in accordance with methods prescribed or approved.

    Inspection of seed shall be rendered pursuant to these regulations 
and under such conditions and in accordance with the methods of either 
the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) or the International 
Seed Testing Association (ISTA).



Sec. 75.8  Basis of service.

    The regulations provide for inspection services pursuant to the Act. 
Seeds shall be inspected in accordance with the methods of either the 
Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) or the International Seed 
Testing Association (ISTA); provided, that limitations in these rules 
respecting maximum lot size will not be observed and, provided further, 
that certification as to origin may be based on examination of records 
and certification of other seed certifying agencies.



Sec. 75.9  Who may obtain service.

    An application for inspection service may be made by any interested 
party or his authorized agent.



Sec. 75.10  How to make application.

    An application for service shall be confirmed in writing and 
addressed to the Federal Seed Laboratory, WSD, AMS, USDA, Beltsville, 
Maryland 20705.



Sec. 75.11  Content of application.

    An application for service shall include the following information; 
(a) The date of application; (b) the kind and quantity of seed, and 
test(s) to be

[[Page 252]]

performed; (c) the methods and instructions for the inspection of the 
seed (either Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) or 
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules); (d) the name and 
address of the applicant and, if made by an authorized agent; and (e) 
such further information relating to the inspection as may be required.



Sec. 75.12  When application deemed filed.

    An application shall be deemed filed when received by the Division 
or the Federal Seed Laboratory.



Sec. 75.13  When application may be rejected.

    Any application for service may be rejected by the Director (a) for 
noncompliance with the Act or the regulations relating to applications 
for service in this subpart, or (b) when it is not practicable to 
provide the service. Each such applicant shall be promptly notified in 
writing.



Sec. 75.14  When application may be withdrawn.

    An application may be withdrawn at any time before the requested 
service is rendered. The applicant will remain responsible for payment 
of expenses incurred in connection therewith as provided in Sec. 75.44.



Sec. 75.15  Authority of agent.

    Proof of authority of any person making an application as an agent 
may be required in the discretion of the official receiving the 
application.



Sec. 75.16  Accessibility of seeds.

    Each lot of seed for which a lot inspection is requested shall be 
placed by the applicant so as to permit the entire lot to be sampled and 
a representative sample to be obtained as required.



Sec. 75.17  Testing.

    Upon request by the applicant, tests may be made for kind, variety, 
germination, purity, weed seeds, disease pathogens, treatment, moisture, 
and other special tests, or any combination thereof for which prescribed 
methods of testing are established. The tests shall be in accordance 
with the methods of either the Association of Official Seed Analysts 
(AOSA) or the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) as requested 
by the applicant.



Sec. 75.18  Sampling.

    Sampling, when requested by the applicant, shall be in accordance 
with the methods of either the Association of Official Seed Analysts 
(AOSA) or the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), depending 
upon the test method requested by the applicant.



Sec. 75.19  Seed lot inspection.

    A lot inspection shall be made by obtaining a representative sample 
from a specified quantity of seed identified with a distinguishing mark 
or number to appear on all containers in the lot, and performing such 
test(s) as may be requested by the applicant. The identification mark or 
number must be approved by the inspector and will appear on the 
certificate to be issued.



Sec. 75.20  Submitted sample inspection.

    A sample inspection shall be made by testing a sample of seed 
submitted by an applicant for inspection.



Sec. 75.21  Grain sample inspection.

    A sample inspection shall be performed by examining official grain 
samples received from FGIS to identify specified weed and crop seeds 
upon the request of FGIS.



Sec. 75.22  Form of inspection certificate.

    Inspection certificates shall be approved by the Director as to 
their form. No correction, erasure, or other change shall be made in the 
information on a certificate.



Sec. 75.23  Issuance of inspection certificate.

    After an inspection has been completed, an inspection certificate 
shall be issued showing the results of the inspection in accordance with 
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
    (a) Lot inspection certificate. A lot inspection certificate shall 
be issued to include the name of the inspector sampling and sealing the 
seed lot, the analysis results from testing the sample, the identifying 
mark or number which has been approved by the inspector to appear on 
each container in the seed

[[Page 253]]

lot, and any other factual information pertinent to the inspection.
    (b) Sample inspection certificate. A sample inspection certificate 
shall be issued to show the results of the inspection of a sample of 
seed or grain submitted by an interested party. Each sample inspection 
certificate shall state the results of the inspection that applies only 
to the sample described in the certificate.
    (c) General authorization to issue certificates. Certificates for 
inspections may be issued by any inspector authorized by the Director to 
perform the inspection covered by the certificate.
    (d) Name requirements. The name and signature of the person who 
issued the inspection certificate shall be shown on the certificate. The 
original certificate must be signed, and the signature or a stamped 
facsimile shall be shown on each copy.



Sec. 75.24  Disposition of inspection certificate.

    Upon issuance, the original and one copy of each inspection 
certificate shall be delivered or mailed to the applicant or otherwise 
delivered or mailed in accordance with the applicant's instructions. One 
copy of each inspection certificate shall be filed in the Federal Seed 
Laboratory. In case of a lost or destroyed certificate, a duplicate 
thereof labeled as such may be issued under the same number, date, and 
name.



Sec. 75.25  Issuance of corrected certificate.

    (a) If any error is made in an inspection, a corrected inspection 
certificate may be issued.
    (b) The original and copies of the corrected certificate shall be 
issued as promptly as possible to the same interested persons who 
received the incorrect certificate.
    (c) The corrected certificate shall supersede the incorrect 
inspection certificate previously issued. The corrected certificate 
shall clearly identify, by certificate number and date, the incorrect 
certificate which it supersedes.
    (d) The original and all copies of the superseded incorrect 
certificate shall be obtained by the Director, if possible. If it is not 
possible to obtain the original and all copies of the superseded 
certificate, to the extent possible, all parties involved will be 
notified to prevent misuse of the superseded certificate and the 
corrected certificate so marked as to the outstanding certificate.

                            Appeal Inspection



Sec. 75.26  When appeal inspection may be requested.

    A request for an appeal inspection may be made by any interested 
party regarding the results of an inspection as stated on an inspection 
certificate. Such request shall be made within thirty (30) days 
following the day on which an inspection certificate was issued.



Sec. 75.27  How to file an appeal.

    Any request for an appeal inspection may be made orally or in 
writing to the Federal Seed Laboratory. If made orally, written 
confirmation is required. The applicant shall clearly state the reasons 
for requesting the appeal service. The original and all available copies 
of the certificate shall be returned to the appeal inspector assigned to 
make the appeal inspection.



Sec. 75.28  When a request for an appeal inspection may be withdrawn

    A request for an appeal inspection may be withdrawn by the applicant 
at any time before the appeal inspection is performed: Provided, that, 
the appellant shall pay any expenses incurred in connection with the 
appeal as provided in Sec. 75.46.



Sec. 75.29  When an appeal may be refused.

    A request for an appeal inspection may be refused if:
    (a) The reasons for an appeal inspection are frivolous or not 
substantial;
    (b) The quality or condition of the seed has been altered since the 
inspection covering the seed on which the appeal inspection is 
requested;
    (c) The lot in question in a lot inspection is not or cannot be made 
accessible for sampling;
    (d) The lot relative to which appeal inspection is requested cannot 
be positively identified by the inspection as the lot from which drawn 
samples were

[[Page 254]]

previously inspected in a lot inspection; or
    (e) The application is not in compliance with the regulations; and
    (f) Such applicant shall be notified promptly of the reason for such 
refusal.



Sec. 75.30  Who shall perform appeal inspection.

    An appeal inspection shall be performed by an inspector (other than 
the one from whose inspection the appeal is requested) authorized for 
this purpose by the Director.



Sec. 75.31  Appeal inspection certificate.

    After an appeal inspection has been completed, an appeal inspection 
certificate shall be issued showing the results of such appeal 
inspection; and such certificate shall supersede the inspection 
certificate previously issued for the seed involved. Each appeal 
inspection certificate shall clearly identify the number and date of the 
inspection certificate which it supersedes. The superseded certificate 
shall become null and void upon the issuance of the appeal inspection 
certificate and shall no longer represent the quality or condition of 
the seed described therein. The inspector issuing an appeal inspection 
certificate shall forward notice of such issuance to such persons as 
considered necessary to prevent misuse of the superseded certificate if 
the original and all copies of such superseded certificate have not 
previously been delivered to the inspector issuing the appeal inspection 
certificate. The appeal inspection certificate shall be marked as to the 
existence of the outstanding certificate. The provisions in the 
regulations concerning forms of certificates and disposition of 
certificates shall apply to appeal inspection certificates, except that 
copies of such appeal inspection certificates shall be furnished to all 
interested parties who received copies of the superseded certificate.

                         Licensing of Inspectors



Sec. 75.32  Who may become licensed inspector.

    Any person nominated by a cooperating State and who is found to have 
the necessary qualifications may be licensed by the Director as an 
inspector to perform such duties of inspection as specified by the 
Memorandum of Understanding. Such a license shall bear the signature of 
an authorized employee of the Department. A licensed inspector shall 
perform duties pursuant to the regulations in accordance with 
instructions issued or approved by the Director.



Sec. 75.33  Suspension or revocation of license of inspector.

    Pending final action by the Administrator, the Director may suspend, 
whenever it is deemed that such action is necessary to assure that any 
service provided is performed properly, the license of any inspector, 
issued pursuant to the regulations by giving notice of such suspension 
to the respective licensee, accompanied by a statement of the reasons 
therefore. Within 7 days after receipt of notice and statement of 
reasons by a licensee, an appeal may be filed in writing with the 
Administrator supported by any argument or evidence as to why the 
license should not be suspended. After expiration of the 7-day period 
and consideration of such argument and evidence, the Administrator shall 
take such action as deemed appropriate with respect to a suspension or 
revocation.



Sec. 75.34  Surrender of license.

    Upon termination of service as an inspector or suspension or 
revocation of such license, such licensee shall surrender the license 
immediately to the Federal Seed Laboratory.

                  Sampling Provisions and Requirements



Sec. 75.35  Obtaining samples for lot inspections.

    Samples of seed for lot inspections may be obtained by licensed 
inspectors or authorized employees of the Department.



Sec. 75.36  Representative sample.

    No lot inspection sample shall be deemed representative of a lot of 
seed unless the sample (a) has been obtained by a licensed inspector or 
an authorized employee of the Department; (b) is

[[Page 255]]

of the size prescribed in the instructions; and (c) has been obtained, 
handled, and submitted in accordance with the Association of Official 
Seed Analysts (AOSA) or the International Seed Testing Association 
(ISTA) procedures.



Sec. 75.37  Submitted samples.

    Submitted samples may be obtained by or for any interested person. 
(Instructions for sampling seed may be obtained upon request to the 
Director or the Federal Seed Laboratory.)



Sec. 75.38  Lot inspections.

    Each lot inspection shall be made on the basis of a representative 
sample obtained from that lot of seed by a licensed inspector or an 
authorized employee of the Department. Each lot of seed which is offered 
for lot inspection shall be sealed at the time of sampling in accordance 
with methods and procedures of the Association of Official Seed Analysts 
(AOSA) or the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA).



Sec. 75.39  Use of file samples.

    (a) File samples which are retained by inspection personnel in 
accordance with the regulations may be deemed representative for appeal 
inspections: Provided, that (1) the samples have remained in the custody 
of the inspection personnel who certificated the inspection; and (2) the 
inspection personnel who performed the inspection and the inspection 
personnel who are to perform the appeal inspection determine that the 
sample was representative of the seed at the time of the inspection and 
that the quality or condition of the seed in the sample and in the lot 
has not changed since the time of the inspection.
    (b) Upon request of the applicant, and if practicable, a new sample 
may be obtained and examined as a part of an appeal inspection.



Sec. 75.40  Protecting samples.

    Inspection personnel shall protect each sample from manipulation, 
substitution, and improper or careless handling which would deprive the 
sample of its representative character from the time of collection until 
the inspection is completed and the file sample has been discarded.

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 75.41  General.

    Fees and charges for inspection services performed by Federal 
employees shall cover the cost of performing the service. Fees shall be 
for actual time required to render the service, calculated to the 
nearest 15-minute period except that a minimum of 1 hour shall apply for 
testing and a 2-hour minimum shall apply for sampling and sealing. Fees 
and charges shall be at the rate of $40.40 per hour. (Cost estimates may 
be obtained upon request to the Director or the Federal Seed 
Laboratory.)

[49 FR 18724, May 2, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 51320, Oct. 11, 1991; 58 
FR 64101, Dec. 6, 1993; 60 FR 21035, May 1, 1995]



Sec. 75.42  Sampling and sealing.

    (a) Fees for inspection services provided by licensed inspectors may 
be charged by States participating in the program at rates established 
by the individual States.
    (b) When onsite inspection services are performed by Federal 
employees at the request of the applicant:
    (1) Fees for onsite inspections for sampling and sealing shall 
include the time for actual sampling and sealing, standby at the service 
site, travel time and actual travel costs to and from the site, and a 
per diem charge if the employee performing the service is paid per diem 
in accordance with existing travel regulations as appear in Agricultural 
Travel Regulations, including the Federal Travel Regulations, DM 2300-1.
    (2) Hourly rates shall begin when the inspector begins travel to the 
service site and end when the inspector arrives back at his official 
station or residence, computed to the nearest quarter hour, less meal 
time, if any.
    (3) A 2-hour minimum shall be charged for each onsite inspection.



Sec. 75.43  Laboratory testing.

    Fees for testing each sample shall include the time required for 
actual testing, preparation of test records, issuing the certificate, 
and filing of samples and documents, with:

[[Page 256]]

    (a) Charges billed at the hourly rate in increments of 15 minutes.
    (b) A minimum fee of 1 hour per sample for testing shall be charged.



Sec. 75.44  When application rejected or withdrawn.

    When an application for inspection is rejected in accordance with 
Sec. 75.13 or withdrawn in accordance with Sec. 75.14, the applicant 
will be required to pay applicable fees for the time used by an 
inspector and other expenses incurred in connection with such 
application prior to its rejection or withdrawal.



Sec. 75.45  Charge for appeals.

    A charge of 1 hour shall be made for each appeal filed under 
Sec. 75.26, and the fee for an appeal inspection shall equal the fee for 
the original inspection from which the appeal is taken, plus any charges 
for travel or other expenses incurred in performing the appeal: 
Provided, That when a material error in the certificate or sample from 
which the appeal is taken is found by the appeal inspector the charge 
and fee shall be waived.



Sec. 75.46  When appeal refused or withdrawn.

    When an appeal is refused in accordance with Sec. 75.29 or withdrawn 
in accordance with Sec. 75.28, the applicant will be required to pay for 
the time used by the appeal inspector and other expenses incurred in 
connection with such appeal prior to its denial, dismissal, or 
withdrawal.



Sec. 75.47  For certificates.

    A charge of $10.10 per certificate will be made for copies of 
certificates other than those required to be distributed in Sec. 75.23 
and for the issuance of a duplicate certificate in accordance with 
Sec. 75.24 and an appeal certificate in Sec. 75.31.

[49 FR 18724, May 2, 1984, as amended at 56 FR 51320, Oct. 11, 1991; 58 
FR 64101, Dec. 6, 1993; 60 FR 21035, May 1, 1995]

                              Miscellaneous



Sec. 75.48  Identification number.

    The Director may require the use of official identification numbers 
in connection with seed certificated or sampled under the Act. When 
identification numbers are required, they shall be specified by the 
Director and shall be attached to, or stamped, printed, or stenciled on 
the lot of seed certificated or sampled in a manner specified by the 
Director.



Sec. 75.49  OMB control numbers.

    The control number assigned to the information collection 
requirements by the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to the 
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 is as follows: OMB Control No. 0581-
0140.

[56 FR 51320, Oct. 11, 1991]

[[Page 257]]



         SUBCHAPTER D--EXPORT AND DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION PROGRAMS





PART 80--FRESH IRISH POTATOES--Table of Contents




     Subpart A--Fresh Irish Round White Potatoes--Diversion Program

Sec.
80.1  General statement.
80.2  Administration.
80.3  Definitions.
80.4  Length of program.
80.5  Rate of payment.
80.6  Eligibility for payment.
80.7  Application and approval for participation.
80.8  Inspection and certificate of diversion.
80.9  Claim for payment.
80.10  Compliance with program provisions.
80.11  Inspection of premises.
80.12  Records and accounts.
80.13  Offset and assignments.
80.14  Appeals.

                          Subpart B--[Reserved]

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 612c.

    Source: 58 FR 29098, May 19, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



     Subpart A--Fresh Irish Round White Potatoes--Diversion Program



Sec. 80.1  General statement.

    In order to encourage the domestic consumption of 1992 crop fresh 
Irish round white potatoes by diverting them from normal channels of 
trade and commerce, the Secretary of Agriculture, pursuant to the 
authority conferred by section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, as 
amended (7 U.S.C. 612c), offers to make payment to producers who divert 
potatoes that they produced by donating them to charitable institutions 
for human consumption or by using such potatoes as livestock feed or for 
compost purposes in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth 
herein.



Sec. 80.2  Administration.

    The program will be administered under the general direction and 
supervision of the Director, Fruit and Vegetable Division, Agricultural 
Marketing Service (AMS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 
and will be carried out by the Agricultural Stabilization and 
Conservation Service (ASCS), USDA, through ASC state and county 
committees. The ASC county committees will authorize one or more 
employees to act as representatives of the USDA, to approve applications 
for participation. The ASC state or county committees or their 
authorized representatives do not have authority to modify or waive any 
of the provisions of this subpart.



Sec. 80.3  Definitions.

    (a) Charitable institutions mean those organizations which offer 
food, housing, and other necessities to low income, homeless, or other 
persons in need of assistance in obtaining basic sustenance.
    (b) Diversion means the delivery of potatoes to an eligible outlet.
    (c) Eligible outlet means charitable institutions, livestock feeding 
operations, or compost users.
    (d) Potatoes mean 1992 crop fresh Irish round white potatoes 
produced and stored in the United States which:
    (1) If intended for human consumption, meet all the requirements of 
chapter 125, section V.A., ``Processing Grade'' as defined by the 
``Official Classifications, Grades and Standards for Potatoes Packed in 
Maine,'' which can be obtained from the local county Agricultural 
Stabilization and Conservation Service Office, unless modified by the, 
``Application for Participation in Fresh Irish Round White Potatoes 
Diversion Program'' (Form ASCS-117); or
    (2) If intended for use as livestock feed or for use as compost meet 
minimum standards for Maine ``Processing Grade'', which can be obtained 
from the local county Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation 
Service Office, and are cut, chopped, sliced, gouged, crushed, ensiled, 
or cooked to the degree that the general appearance of the potatoes has 
been damaged to such an extent that the potatoes are readily and 
obviously identifiable as having been rendered unsuitable to

[[Page 258]]

enter into normal channels of trade and commerce as potatoes as 
determined by ASCS or its representative.
    (e) Producer means an individual, partnership, association, or 
corporation located in the United States that grew for market and are in 
possession of such potatoes as of May 19, 1993 and whose Form ASCS-117 
has been approved by USDA.



Sec. 80.4  Length of program.

    This program will be effective May 19, 1993 and will continue for 45 
calendar days.



Sec. 80.5  Rate of payment.

    The rate of payment for potatoes, as defined in Sec. 80.3(d), will 
be $3.00 per hundredweight. Payment will not be made for any fractional 
part of hundredweight.



Sec. 80.6  Eligibility for payment.

    Payments will be made under this program to any producer of 
potatoes:
    (a) Who executes and files Form ASCS-117.
    (b) Whose application is approved.
    (c) Who diverts potatoes after the date Form ASCS-117 is approved by 
USDA before the termination date of this subpart.
    (d) Who files a claim as provided in Sec. 80.10.
    (e) Who complies with all other terms and conditions in this 
subpart.



Sec. 80.7  Application and approval for participation.

    (a) Applicants must submit a completed and signed Form ASCS-117 to 
the local ASCS county office. The Form ASCS-117s will be considered by 
the ASC county committee in the order received by the ASCS county office 
and in accordance with the availability of funds.
    (b) Applicants will be notified of the approval or rejection of the 
submitted forms. Approved Form ASCS-117s may be modified or amended with 
the consent of the applicant and the duly authorized representative of 
the ASC county committee provided that such modification or amendment 
does not conflict with the provisions of this subpart.



Sec. 80.8  Inspection and certificate of diversion.

    Prior to diversion, the potatoes must be inspected by an inspector 
authorized or licensed by the county, state, or Federal government to 
inspect and certify the class, quality, and condition of potatoes. The 
producer will be responsible for requesting and arranging for inspection 
so that the inspector can be present to determine which potatoes meet 
the definition of potatoes as provided in Sec. 80.3(d). The producer 
must furnish such scale tickets, weighing facilities, or volume 
measurements as determined by the inspector to be necessary for 
ascertaining the net weight of the potatoes being diverted. The cost of 
inspecting, verifying the quantity, certifying that diversion has been 
performed, and issuing certificates will be borne by the producer. 
Certificates must be prepared on ``Invoice Certificate of Inspection and 
Diversion'' (Form ASCS-118).



Sec. 80.9  Claim for payment.

    In order to obtain payment, the producer must submit to the county 
ASCS office which approved his application a properly executed Form 
ASCS-118, and (except where the producer is the livestock feeder) a 
certification of receipt by the charitable institution, livestock 
feeder, or compost user. All such claims must be filed not later than 
one calendar month after the termination date specified in the 
applicable approved application. For those potatoes which fail to meet 
the definition of potatoes (Sec. 80.3(d)), payments will be based on the 
percentage of the potatoes meeting the definition.



Sec. 80.10  Compliance with program provisions.

    If USDA determines that any provisions of the application or of 
these regulations has not been complied with whether by the producer or 
by charitable institution, livestock feeder, or compost user or that any 
quantity of potatoes diverted under this program was not used 
exclusively for donation to charitable institutions, livestock feeders, 
or for compost, whether such failure was caused directly by the producer 
or by any other person or persons, the producer will not be entitled

[[Page 259]]

to diversion payments in connection with such potatoes, and must refund 
any USDA payment made in connection with such potatoes, and will be 
liable to USDA for any other damages incurred as a result of such 
failure to use the potatoes exclusively for donation to charitable 
institutions or for use as livestock feed or compost. The USDA may deny 
any producer the right to participate in this program or the right to 
receive payments in connection with any diversion previously made under 
this program, or both, if USDA determines that:
    (a) The producer has failed to use or caused to be used any quantity 
of potatoes diverted under this program exclusively for donation to 
charitable institutions, livestock feed, or compost, whether such 
failure was caused directly by the producer or by any other person or 
persons,
    (b) The producer has not acted in good faith in connection with any 
transaction under this program, or
    (c) The producer has failed to discharge fully any obligation 
assumed by him under this program.



Sec. 80.11  Inspection of premises.

    The producer, charitable institution, livestock feeder, or compost 
user must permit authorized representatives of USDA, at any reasonable 
time, to have access to their premises to inspect and examine such 
potatoes as are being diverted or stored for diversion, and to inspect 
and examine the facilities for diverting potatoes to determine 
compliance with the provisions of this program.



Sec. 80.12  Records and accounts.

    The producer, the charitable institution, livestock feeder, or 
compost user participating in this program must keep accurate records 
and accounts showing the details relative to the diversion and 
disposition of the potatoes. The producer, charitable institution, 
livestock feeder, or compost user must permit authorized representatives 
of USDA and the General Accounting Office at any reasonable time to 
inspect, examine, and make copies of such records and accounts to 
determine compliance with the provisions of this program. Such records 
and accounts must be retained for three years after date of last payment 
to the producer under the program or for two years after date of audit 
of records by USDA as provided herein, whichever is the later.



Sec. 80.13  Offset and assignment.

    (a) Producer indebtedness and claims. Except as provided in 
paragraph (b) of this section, any payment or portion thereof due any 
person shall be allowed without regard to questions of title under state 
law, and without regard to any claim or lien against the crop or 
proceeds thereof in favor of the owner or any other creditor except 
statutory liens belonging to agencies of the U.S. Government. The 
regulations governing offsets and withholdings found at 7 CFR part 3 
shall be applicable to such payments.
    (b) Assignments. Any producer entitled to any payment may assign any 
such payments which are made in cash in accordance with regulations 
governing assignment of payment found at 7 CFR part 1404.



Sec. 80.14  Appeals.

    Appeals under this part will be in accordance with 7 CFR part 780.



                          Subpart B--[Reserved]



PART 81--[RESERVED]




[[Page 260]]



           SUBCHAPTER E--COMMODITY LABORATORY TESTING PROGRAMS





PART 90--INTRODUCTION--Table of Contents




                     Subpart A--Scope of Subchapter

Sec.
90.1  General.

                    Subpart B--Subchapter Definitions

90.2  General terms defined.

 Subpart C--Good Laboratory Practices for Commodity Laboratory Analyses

90.3  General.
90.4-90.100  [Reserved]

                      Subpart D--Quality Assurance

90.101  General.
90.102  Quality assurance review.
90.103  Maintenance of quality control records.
90.104-90.200  [Reserved]

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    Source: 58 FR 42414, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.
Subpart A--Scope of Subchapter



Sec. 90.1  General.

    This subchapter sets forth the functions and responsibilities of the 
Science and Technology Division (S&TD) of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service (AMS) relating to:
    (a) The performance of comprehensive analytical tests and laboratory 
determinations of agricultural commodities and processed products.
    (b) The conduct of experiments and collaborative studies to validate 
new analytical procedures and improved methodologies in order to promote 
faster, more precise, or safer laboratory testing for agricultural 
commodities and processed products.
    (c) The supervised issuance of external quality control or 
proficiency check samples to laboratories under the Science and 
Technology Division's direction or performance review in order to 
regularly spot check and assess that analytical or test data produced by 
each laboratory is reproducible, precise, and reliable for a specific 
test program.
    (d) The granting of laboratory program accreditation or 
certification or approval for specialty testing of agricultural 
commodities and products.
    (e) The licensing of chemists to analyze cottonseed in order to 
certify its quality and grade.
    (f) The granting of certification to non-federal laboratories for 
testing for trichinae in horsemeat for export to the European Community 
(EC).
    (g) The granting of acceptance of standardized methodology or new 
procedures for commodity testing.
    (h) The auditing of the facilities, equipment, quality control 
procedures, standard methodologies, and good laboratory practices for a 
commodity testing program of a laboratory.
    (i) The examination of plants for novelty and distinctiveness in 
order to grant certificates of protection for new varieties of sexually 
reproduced plants, and the provision of other fee based services 
authorized by the Plant Variety Protection Act.
    (j) The extension or coordination of research for the determination 
of a new chemical analyte or microorganism in a commodity product or 
food.
    (k) The analysis of imported flue-cured and burley tobacco for 
pesticide residues.
    (l) The supervision and implementation of the State enforcement of 
the recordkeeping requirements for private applicators of restricted-use 
pesticides for agricultural production.

[58 FR 42414, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



                    Subpart B--Subchapter Definitions



Sec. 90.2  General terms defined.

    Words used in the regulations in this subchapter in the singular 
form will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As 
used throughout the regulations in this subchapter and unless the 
context requires otherwise, the following terms will be construed to 
mean:
    Act. The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (Title II of the act of 
Congress

[[Page 261]]

approved August 14, 1946, 60 Stat. 1087-1091, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1621-
1627).
    Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, or any officer or employee of the Service, to whom authority 
has been delegated, or to whom authority may be delegated, to act in his 
or her stead.
    Cooperative agreement. An agreement between the Agricultural 
Marketing Service and another Federal agency or a State agency, or other 
agency, organization or person that defines in the general terms the 
basis on which the parties concerned will cooperate to serve a mutual 
interest on an agricultural service project. The responsibilities for 
AMS and each cooperator are stated in the document along with the 
conditions as applicable.
    Department. The United States Department of Agriculture.
    Director. The Director of the Science and Technology Division, or 
any officer or employee of the Division to whom authority has heretofore 
been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act 
in his or her stead.
    Division. The Science and Technology Division (S&TD) of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), which performs analytical testing 
services, issues licenses for cottonseed chemists, conducts quality 
assurance reviews and grants accreditation or certification for 
commodity testing programs of laboratories.
    Laboratories. Division laboratories performing the analyses 
described in this subchapter.
    Quality assurance. The assurance that there is accuracy of 
analytical data using proficiency check sample or analyte recovery 
techniques. In addition, the certainty that there is strict adherence by 
the analysts in following the quality control details in the recommended 
or official methods for reagents, laboratory apparatus and procedures. 
The overall objective of quality assurance, as a comprehensive program, 
is to ensure that all analytical data produced by the laboratory meets 
certain quality criteria and that all data produced is reproducible, 
precise, and accurate.
    Quality control. The system of close examination of the critical 
details of an analytical procedure in order to have the proper equipment 
parameters, techniques, supplies and reagents to achieve a predetermined 
level of quality data, with the performance of a particular laboratory 
analysis.
    Secretary. The Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, or any 
officer or employee of the Department to whom authority has heretofore 
been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be delegated, to act 
in his or her stead.
    Service. The Agricultural Marketing Service of the United States 
Department of Agriculture.

[58 FR 42414, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



 Subpart C--Good Laboratory Practices for Commodity Laboratory Analyses



Sec. 90.3  General.

    Laboratory service programs of laboratories certified and approved 
by the Science and Technology Division shall have good laboratory 
practice (GLP) requirements that are generalized in this subpart.

[58 FR 42414, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]
Secs. 90.4-90.100  [Reserved]



                      Subpart D--Quality Assurance



Sec. 90.101  General.

    Laboratory service programs of laboratories certified and approved 
by the Science and Technology Division shall have quality assurance 
requirements that are generalized in this subpart.

[58 FR 42414, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 90.102  Quality assurance review.

    (a) Each laboratory performing tests and analysis under this 
subchapter will be subject to a quality assurance program evaluation at 
least annually, and more often if deemed necessary by the Director. Such 
evaluation will include:
    (1) A review of the adequacy of quality control measures taken by 
the laboratory for the standardized method of

[[Page 262]]

analysis for a commodity and its related products;
    (2) A review of the laboratory methodologies and procedures;
    (3) A review of records for the calibration and maintenance of 
equipment;
    (4) A review of records documenting sample handling;
    (5) The evidence of quality control records;
    (6) The evidence of correct reporting and determination of 
analytical data.
    (b) A laboratory will receive a quality assurance report following 
the review. This evaluation will address any necessary improvements to 
the laboratory program(s) being examined.



Sec. 90.103  Maintenance of quality control records.

    Quality control records pertaining, but not limited to the following 
areas, shall be retained by the laboratory for at least the 3 most 
recent years:
    (a) Prepared solution standardizations;
    (b) Recovery studies by known analyte additions;
    (c) The purity checks of reagents and test materials;
    (d) Apparatus and equipment calibrations;
    (e) The quality examination and testing of materials;
    (f) The mandatory participation in proficiency check sample testing 
or collaborative studies;
    (g) Daily critical parameter checks of equipment, such as 
temperature readings;
    (h) The equivalency tests of new procedures with standard 
methodologies.
Secs. 90.104-90.200  [Reserved]



PART 91--SERVICES AND GENERAL INFORMATION--Table of Contents




                        Subpart A--Administration

Sec.
91.1  General.
91.2  Definitions.
91.3  Authority.

                       Subpart B--General Services

91.4  Kinds of services.
91.5  Where services are offered.
91.6  Availability of services.

                   Subpart C--Application for Services

91.7  Nondiscrimination.
91.8  Who may apply.
91.9  How to make an application.
91.10  Information required in connection with an application.
91.11  Filing of an application.
91.12  Record of filing time and laboratory tests.
91.13  When an application may be rejected.
91.14  When an application may be withdrawn.

                      Subpart D--Laboratory Service

91.15  Basis of a laboratory service.
91.16  Order of a laboratory service.
91.17  Postponing a laboratory service.
91.18  Financial interest of a scientist.

                           Subpart E--Samples

91.19  General requirements of suitable samples.
91.20  Shipping.
91.21  Protecting samples.
91.22  Disposition of analyzed sample.

                        Subpart F--Method Manuals

91.23  Analytical methods.

                          Subpart G--Reporting

91.24  Reports of test results.
91.25  Certificate requirements.
91.26  Issuance of certificates.
91.27  Corrections to certificates prior to issuance.
91.28  Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis 
          reports.
91.29  Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis 
          report.
91.30  Maintenance and retention of copies of certificates or analysis 
          reports.

                Subpart H--Appeal of Laboratory Services

91.31  When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested.
91.32  Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and 
          information required.
91.33  When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be 
          withdrawn.
91.34  When an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused.
91.35  Who shall perform an appealed laboratory service.
91.36  Appeal laboratory certificate.

                       Subpart I--Fees and Charges

91.37  Fees for laboratory testing, analysis, and other services.
91.38  Additional fees for appeal of analysis.
91.39  Special request fees for overtime and legal holiday service.

[[Page 263]]

91.40  Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.
91.41  Charges for demonstrations and courses of instruction.
91.42  Billing.
91.43  Payment of fees and charges.
91.44  Charges on overdue accounts and issuance of delinquency notices.
91.45  Charges for laboratory services on a contract basis.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    Source: 58 FR 42415, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 91 appear at 61 FR 
51350, Oct. 2 1996.



                        Subpart A--Administration



Sec. 91.1  General.

    This part consolidates the procedural and administrative rules of 
the Science and Technology Division of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service for conducting the analytical testing and laboratory audits with 
quality assurance reviews. It also contains the fees, charges and 
laboratories applicable to such services.



Sec. 91.2  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this part in the singular form will 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this part, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Analyses. Microbiological, chemical, or physical tests performed on 
a commodity.
    Applicant. Any person who requests services provided by the 
Division.
    Legal holidays. Those days designated as legal public holidays 
specified by Congress in paragraph (a) of section 6103, title 5 of the 
United States Code and any other day declared to be a holiday by Federal 
Statute or Executive Order. Under section 6103 and Executive Order 
10357, as amended, if the specified legal public holiday falls on a 
Saturday, the preceding Friday shall be considered the holiday, or if 
the specified legal holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday 
shall be considered to be the holiday.



Sec. 91.3  Authority.

    The Division Director is charged with the administration of this 
subchapter.



                       Subpart B--General Services



Sec. 91.4  Kinds of services.

    (a) Analytical tests. Analytical laboratory testing services under 
the regulations consist of microbiological, chemical, and certain other 
analyses, requested by the applicant and performed on tobacco, seed, 
dairy, egg, fruit and vegetable, meat and poultry, and related processed 
products. Analyses are performed to determine if products meet Federal 
specifications or specifications defined in purchase contracts and 
cooperative agreements. Analyses are also performed on egg products as 
part of the mandatory Egg Products Inspection Program.
    (b) Examination and licensure. The Division administers examinations 
and issues licenses to chemists to certify the grade of cottonseed.
    (c) Quality assurance reviews. The Division performs on-site 
laboratory quality assurance reviews (both required and voluntary) to 
ensure that appropriate technical methods, equipment maintenance, and 
quality control procedures are being observed.
    (d) Consultation. Technical advice, statistical science 
consultation, and quality assurance program assistance are provided by 
the Division for domestic and foreign laboratories.



Sec. 91.5  Where services are offered.

    (a) Services are offered to applicants at the Science and Technology 
Division laboratories and facilities as listed below.
    (1) Science and Technology Division regional laboratories. A variety 
of tests and laboratory analyses are available in two regional multi-
disciplinary Science and Technology Division (S&TD) laboratories, and 
are located as follows:

(i) USDA, AMS, S&TD, Midwestern Laboratory, 3570 North Avondale Avenue, 
    Chicago, IL 60618.
(ii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, Eastern Laboratory, 2311-B Aberdeen Boulevard, 
    Gastonia, NC 28054.


[[Page 264]]


    (2) Science and Technology Division aflatoxin laboratories. The 
specialty laboratories performing aflatoxin testing on peanuts, peanut 
products, tree nuts and other commodities are located as follows:

(i) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 1557 Reeves Street, Mail: P.O. Box 1368, Dothan, AL 
    36302.
(ii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Golden Peanut Company, 200 West Washington 
    Street, Mail: P.O. Box 488, Ashburn, GA 31714.
(iii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 1211 Schley Avenue, Albany, GA 31707.
(iv) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Golden Peanut Company, 301 West Pearl Street, 
    Mail: P.O. Box 279, Aulander, NC 27805.
(v) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 610 North Main Street, Blakely, GA 31723.
(vi) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 107 South Fourth Street, Madill, OK 73446.
(vii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Steven Industries, Cargill, Inc., 715 North 
    Main Street, Mail: P.O. Box 272, Dawson, GA 31742.
(viii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 308 Culloden Street, Mail: P.O. Box 1130, 
    Suffolk, VA 23434.

    (3) Citrus laboratory. The Science and Technology Division Citrus 
Laboratory specializes in testing citrus juices and other citrus 
products and is located as follows: Science and Technology Division 
Citrus Laboratory, 98 Third Street, SW, Winter Haven, FL 33880.
    (4) Divisional laboratories. Laboratory services are available in 
all areas covered by cooperative agreements providing for this 
laboratory work and entered on behalf of the Department with cooperating 
Federal or State laboratory agencies pursuant to authority contained in 
Act(s) of Congress. Also, services may be provided in other areas not 
covered by a cooperative agreement if the Administrator determines that 
it is possible to provide laboratory services.
    (5) Other alternative laboratories. Laboratory analyses may be 
conducted at alternative Science and Technology Division laboratories 
and can be reached from any commodity market in which a laboratory 
facility is located to the extent laboratory personnel is available.
    (6) The Plant Variety Protection (PVP) Office. The PVP office and 
plant examination facility of the Science and Technology Division issues 
certificates of protection to developers of novel varieties of plants 
which reproduce sexually and is located as follows: USDA, AMS, Science 
and Technology Division, Plant Variety Protection Office, Room 500 
National Agricultural Library Building, Beltsville, MD 20705.
    (7) Science and Technology Division headquarters offices. The 
examination, licensure, quality assurance reviews, and consultation 
services are provided by headquarters staff located in Washington, DC.
    (8) Statistical Branch offices. Statistical Science services are 
provided by Science and Technology Division (S&TD) offices located as 
follows:

(i) USDA, AMS, Science and Technology Division, Statistical Branch, 
    Kansas City Technical Center, 10383 No. Executive Hills Blvd., 
    Kansas City, MO 64153.
(ii) USDA, AMS, S&TD, Statistical Branch, 0611 So. Agriculture Bldg., 
    14th & Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20250.

    (9) Residue Branch offices. Services afforded by the Recordkeeping 
Program for restricted use pesticides by certified applicators and 
services afforded by the Pesticide Data Program are provided by offices 
located as follows:

(i) USDA, AMS, Science and Technology Division, 8700 Centreville Rd., 
    suite 200, Manassas, VA 22110.
(ii) USDA, AMS, Science and Technology Division, Office of Director, 
    3507 So. Agriculture Bldg., 14th & Independence Avenue, SW., 
    Washington, DC 20250.

    (b) The addresses of the various laboratories and offices appear in 
the pertinent parts of this subchapter. A prospective applicant may 
obtain a current listing of addresses and telephone numbers of Science 
and Technology Division laboratories, offices, and facilities by 
addressing an inquiry to the Director, Science and Technology Division, 
Agricultural Marketing Service,

[[Page 265]]

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), P.O. Box 96456, 
Washington, DC 20090-6456.

[58 FR 42415, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 24321, May 10, 1994; 59 
FR 50121, Sept. 30, 1994; 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 91.6  Availability of services.

    (a) Services may be furnished whenever a Science and Technology 
Division staff is available and the facilities and conditions are 
satisfactory for the conduct of such service.
    (b) Laboratories may provide limited service on Saturdays and 
Sundays at a premium fee. Weekend service may be obtained by contacting 
the laboratory director or supervisor.
    (c) Holiday and overtime laboratory service may be obtained with a 
minimum 24 hour advance notice, at a premium fee, by any prospective 
applicant through the laboratory director or supervisor.



                   Subpart C--Application for Services



Sec. 91.7  Nondiscrimination.

    All services under these regulations are provided to applicants 
without discrimination as to race, color, handicapped or disabled 
condition, religion, sex, age, or national origin.



Sec. 91.8  Who may apply.

    An application for service may be made by any individual or 
interested party including, but not limited to, the United States and 
any instrumentality or agency thereof, any State, county, municipality, 
or common carrier, and any authorized agent on behalf of the foregoing.



Sec. 91.9  How to make an application.

    (a) Voluntary. An application for analysis and testing may be made 
by contacting the director or supervisor of the Science and Technology 
Division laboratory where the service is provided, or by contacting 
either the Laboratory Operations Coordination branch chief, or the 
Technical Services branch chief at Science and Technology Division 
Headquarters, Washington, DC. A list of the Science and Technology 
Division laboratories is included in Sec. 91.5.
    (b) Mandatory. In the case of mandatory analyses, such as those 
required to be performed on eggs and egg products, application for 
services may be submitted to the office or division which administers 
the program, or by contacting an inspector who is involved with the 
program.



Sec. 91.10  Information required in connection with an application.

    (a) An application for laboratory service shall be made in the 
English language and may be made orally (in person or by telephone), in 
writing, or by facsimile. If an application for laboratory service is 
made orally, written confirmation may be required by the laboratory 
involved.
    (b) In connection with each application for a laboratory service, 
information that may be necessary to perform analyses on the processed 
product(s) shall also be furnished. The information shall include, but 
is not limited to, the name of the product, name and address of the 
packer or plant where such product was packed, the location of the 
product, its lot or load number, codes or other identification marks, 
the number of containers, the type and size of the containers, the 
analytical test requested, and the size of the sample. In addition, 
information regarding analysis of the lot by any federal agency previous 
to the application and the purpose of the desired laboratory service may 
be requested.



Sec. 91.11  Filing of an application.

    An application for a laboratory service shall be regarded as filed 
only when made in accordance with the regulations in this part.



Sec. 91.12  Record of filing time and laboratory tests.

    A record showing the date of receipt for each application for a 
laboratory service or an appeal of a laboratory service shall be 
maintained. In addition, the requested laboratory analyses shall be 
recorded at the time of sample receipt.

[[Page 266]]



Sec. 91.13  When an application may be rejected.

    (a) An application for a laboratory service may be rejected by the 
Administrator when deemed appropriate as follows:
    (1) For non-compliance by the applicant with the regulations in this 
part,
    (2) For non-payment of previous laboratory services rendered,
    (3) When the sample is not properly identified by a code or other 
marks,
    (4) When the samples are received in an unsatisfactory condition and 
are rejected for analysis,
    (5) When there is evidence or knowledge of tampering with the 
sample,
    (6) When it appears that to perform the analytical testing or 
laboratory service specified in this part would not be to the best 
interests of the public welfare or of the Government, or
    (7) When it appears to the Administrator that prior commitments of 
the Department necessitate rejection of the application.
    (b) Each such applicant shall be promptly notified by registered 
mail of the reasons for the rejection.
    (c) A written petition for reconsideration of such rejection may be 
filed by the applicant with the Administrator if postmarked or delivered 
within 10 days after the receipt of notice of the rejection. Such 
petition shall state specifically the errors alleged to have been made 
by the Administrator in rejecting the application. Within 20 days 
following the receipt of such a petition for reconsideration, the 
Administrator shall approve the application or notify the applicant by 
registered mail of the reasons for the rejection thereof.



Sec. 91.14  When an application may be withdrawn.

    An application for a laboratory service may be withdrawn by the 
applicant at any time before the analytical testing is performed; 
Provided, That, the applicant shall pay, at the hourly rate prescribed 
in Sec. 91.37, for the time incurred by the scientist or laboratory 
technician, in connection with such application and any travel expenses, 
telephone, facsimile, mailing, telegraph or other expenses, which have 
been incurred by the laboratory servicing office, in connection with 
such application.



                      Subpart D--Laboratory Service



Sec. 91.15  Basis of a laboratory service.

    Analytical testing and laboratory determination for analyte or 
quality constituent shall be based upon the appropriate standards 
promulgated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, applicable standards 
prescribed by the laws of the State where the particular product was 
produced, specifications of any governmental agency, written buyer and 
seller contract specifications, or any written specifications by an 
applicant which is approved by the Administrator; Provided, That, if 
such product is regulated pursuant to the Agricultural Marketing 
Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601 et seq.), or the 
comparable laws of any State, such testing and determination shall be on 
the basis of the standards, if any, prescribed in, or pursuant to, the 
marketing order and/or agreement effective thereunder.



Sec. 91.16  Order of a laboratory service.

    Laboratory service shall be performed, insofar as possible, in the 
order in which applications are made except that precedence may be given 
to any such applications which are made by the United States (including, 
but not being limited to, any instrumentality or agency thereof) and to 
any application for an appeal inspection.



Sec. 91.17  Postponing a laboratory service.

    If the scientist determines that it is not possible to accurately 
analyze or make a laboratory determination of a sample immediately after 
receipt because standard materials, laboratory equipment and supplies 
need replacement, or for any other substantial reason, the scientist may 
postpone laboratory service for such period as may be necessary.



Sec. 91.18  Financial interest of a scientist.

    No scientist shall perform a laboratory analysis on any product in 
which he is directly or indirectly financially interested.

[[Page 267]]



                           Subpart E--Samples



Sec. 91.19  General requirements of suitable samples.

    (a) Samples must be representative of the product tested and 
provided in sufficient quantity for the analyses requested.
    (b) Each sample must be identified with the following information:
    (1) Product type (specific description);
    (2) Lot number or production date;
    (3) Analyses desired;
    (4) Date/time collected;
    (5) Storage conditions prior to shipping;
    (6) Name of applicant;
    (7) Name of sampler;
    (8) Any other information which is required by the specific program 
under which analysis or test is performed.



Sec. 91.20  Shipping.

    (a) Samples must be submitted to the laboratory in a condition 
(including temperature) that does not compromise the quality and 
validity of analytical results.
    (b) All samples must be submitted in sealed, leakproof containers.
    (c) Containers for perishable refrigerated samples should contain 
ice or ice packs to maintain temperatures of 0 deg. to 5  deg.C, unless 
a different temperature is required for the sample to be tested.
    (d) Containers for frozen samples should contain dry ice or other 
effective methods of maintaining samples in a frozen state.
    (e) The applicant is responsible for providing shipping containers 
and paying shipping costs for fee basis tests.
    (f) A courier charge may apply for the shipment of some samples.



Sec. 91.21  Protecting samples.

    Laboratory personnel shall protect each sample from manipulation, 
substitution, and improper or careless handling which would deprive the 
sample of its representative character from the time of receipt in the 
laboratory until the analysis is completed and the sample has been 
discarded.



Sec. 91.22  Disposition of analyzed sample.

    (a) Excess samples not used in analyses will be placed in proper 
storage for a maximum period of 30 days after reporting results of 
tests.
    (b) Any sample of a processed commodity that has been used for a 
laboratory service may be returned to the applicant at his or her 
request and expense; otherwise, it shall be destroyed or disposed of to 
a charitable institution.



                        Subpart F--Method Manuals



Sec. 91.23  Analytical methods.

    Most analyses are performed according to approved procedures 
described in manuals of standardized methodology. These standardized 
methods are the specific methods used. Alternatively, equivalent methods 
prescribed in cooperative agreements are used. The manuals of standard 
methods most often used by the Science and Technology Division 
laboratories are listed as follows:
    (a) Edwards, P.R. and W.H. Ewing, Edwards and Ewing's Identification 
of Enterobacteriaceae, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 52 
Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017.
    (b) Manual of Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticide 
Residues in Human and Environmental Samples, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA), Environmental Toxicology Division, Health 
Effects Research Laboratory (HERL), Alexander Drive and Highway 54, Mail 
Drop 51, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
    (c) Official Analytical Methods of the American Spice Trade 
Association (ASTA), American Spice Trade Association, 580 Sylvan Avenue, 
P.O. Box 1267, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632.
    (d) Approved Methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 
American Association of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, 
MN 55121-2097.
    (e) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil 
Chemists' Society (AOCS), American Oil Chemists' Society, 1608 Broadmoor 
Drive, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, IL 61826-3489.

[[Page 268]]

    (f) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 
481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
    (g) Standard Analytical Methods of the Member Companies of Corn 
Industries Research Foundation, Corn Refiners Association (CRA), suite 
1120, 1100 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036.
    (h) Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, American 
Public Health Association, 1015 Eighteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 
20036.
    (i) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 
American Public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works 
Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation, APHA, 1015 
Eighteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036.
    (j) U.S. Army Individual Protection Directorate's Military 
Specifications, approved analytical test methods noted therein, U.S. 
Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center, Kansas Street, 
Natick, MA 01760-5017.
    (k) U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical 
Manual (BAM), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, suite 400, 
2200 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201-3301.
    (l) U.S. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Analytical Manuals 
(PAM), Volumes I and II, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department 
of Health and Human Services, 200 C Street, SW, Washington, DC 20204 
(available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal 
Road, Springfield, VA 22161).

[58 FR 42415, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



                          Subpart G--Reporting



Sec. 91.24  Reports of test results.

    (a) Results of analyses are provided, in writing, by facsimile or 
other electronic means to the applicant.
    (b) Applicants may call the appropriate Science and Technology 
Division laboratory for interim or final results prior to issuance of 
the formal report. The advance results may be telegraphed, telephoned, 
or sent by facsimile to the applicant. Any additional expense for 
advance information shall be borne by the requesting party.
    (c) A letter report in lieu of a certificate of analysis may be 
issued by a laboratory representative when such action appears to be 
more suitable than a certificate; Provided, That, issuance of such 
report is approved by the Division Director.



Sec. 91.25  Certificate requirements.

    Certificates of analysis and other memoranda concerning laboratory 
service and the reporting of results should have the following 
requirements:
    (a) Certificates of analysis shall be on standard printed forms 
approved by the Division Director;
    (b) Shall be printed in English;
    (c) Shall have results typewritten, computer generated, or 
handwritten in ink and shall be clearly legible;
    (d) Shall show the results of laboratory tests in a uniform, 
accurate, and concise manner with abbreviations identified on the form;
    (e) Shall show the information required by Secs. 91.25-91.29; and
    (f) Show only such other information and statements of fact as are 
provided in the instructions authorized by the Division Director.



Sec. 91.26  Issuance of certificates.

    (a) The person signing and issuing the certificate of analysis shall 
be one of the following:
    (1) The scientist who performed the analysis;
    (2) Another technician of the laboratory facility, who has been 
given power of attorney by the scientist who performed the analytical 
testing and been authorized by the Division Director to affix the 
scientist's signature to a certificate. The power of attorney shall be 
on file with the employing office or laboratory of the Division;
    (3) A person designated as the ``laboratory director in charge,'' 
when the certificate represents composite analyses by several 
technicians.
    (b) The laboratory certificate shall be prepared in accordance with 
the facts set forth in the official memoranda made by the scientist or 
technicians in connection with the analysis.

[[Page 269]]

    (c) Whenever a certificate is signed by a person under a power of 
attorney, the certificate should so indicate. The signature of the 
holder of power shall appear under the name of the scientist who 
personally analyzed the sample, and whenever a certificate issued is 
signed by a scientist in charge, that title must appear in connection 
with the signature.



Sec. 91.27  Corrections to certificates prior to issuance.

    (a) The accuracy of the statements and information shown on 
certificates of analysis must be verified by the individual whose name 
or signature, or both, is shown on the certificate or by the authorized 
agent who affixed the name or signature, or both. When a name or 
signature, or both, is affixed by an authorized agent, the initials of 
the agent shall appear directly below or following the name, or 
signature of the person. Errors found during this process shall be 
corrected according to this section.
    (b) Only official personnel or their authorized agents may make 
corrections, additions, or other changes to certificates.
    (c) No corrections, additions, or other changes shall be made which 
involve identification, quality, or quantity. If such errors are found, 
a new certificate shall be prepared and issued and the incorrect 
certificate marked ``Void.'' Otherwise, errors may be corrected, 
provided there is evidence of satisfactory correction procedures as 
follows:
    (1) The corrections are neat and legible;
    (2) Each correction is initialed by the individual who corrects the 
certificate; and
    (3) The corrections and initials are shown on the original and all 
copies.



Sec. 91.28  Issuance of corrected certificates or amendments for analysis reports.

    (a) A corrected certificate of analysis or an amended letter report 
may be issued by the laboratory representative who issued the original 
certificate or report after distribution of the form if errors, such as 
incorrect dates, analytical results, or test determination statements, 
lot numbers, or errors in any other pertinent information require the 
issuance of a corrected certificate or an amended report.
    (b) Whenever a corrected certificate or amended report is issued, 
such certificate or report shall supersede the original form which was 
issued in error. The superseded certificate or incorrect report shall 
become null and void after the issuance of the corrected certificate or 
the amended analysis report.
    (c) The corrected certificates or amended reports shall show the 
following:
    (1) The terms ``Corrected Original'' and ``Corrected Copy;''
    (2) A statement identifying the superseded certificate or incorrect 
letter report and the corrections;
    (3) A new serial number or new date of issuance; and
    (4) The same statements and information, including permissive 
statements, that were shown on the incorrect certificate or the 
incorrect report, along with the correct statement or information, shall 
be shown on the corrected form.
    (d) If all copies of the incorrect certificate or incorrect report 
can be obtained, then the superseded form shall be marked ``Void'' when 
submitted.
    (e) Corrected certificates or amended letter reports cannot be 
issued for a certificate that has been superseded by another 
certificate, or superseded on the basis of a subsequent analysis or an 
additional laboratory test determination.



Sec. 91.29  Issuance of duplicate certificates or reissuance of an analysis report.

    (a) Upon request by an applicant, a duplicate certificate or an 
additional report may be issued for a lost, destroyed, or otherwise not 
obtainable original form.
    (b) The duplicate certificate or the reissuance of an analysis 
report shall be at the expense of the applicant.
    (c) Requests for duplicate certificates or additional analysis 
reports shall be filed as follows:
    (1) In writing;

[[Page 270]]

    (2) By the applicant who requested the service covered by the lost, 
destroyed, or otherwise not obtainable original form; and
    (3) With the office that issued the initial certificate or original 
laboratory analysis report.
    (d) The duplicate certificates or reissued analysis reports shall 
show the following:
    (1) The terms ``Duplicate Original,'' and the copies shall show 
``Duplicate Copy,''
    (2) A statement that the certificate or letter report was issued in 
lieu of a lost or destroyed or otherwise not obtainable certificate or 
laboratory analysis report; and
    (3) The same statements and information, including permissive 
statements, that were shown on the original certificate or the initial 
analysis report shall be shown on the duplicate form.
    (e) Duplicate certificates or duplicate analysis reports shall be 
issued as promptly as possible and distributed as the original 
certificates or original analysis reports and their copies.
    (f) Duplicate certificates shall not be issued for certificates that 
have been superseded.



Sec. 91.30  Maintenance and retention of copies of certificates or analysis reports.

    (a) At least one copy of each certificate or analysis report shall 
be filed in the laboratory for a period of not less than 3 years either 
from the date of issuance of the document, from the date of voiding a 
certificate, or from the date last payment is made by the applicant for 
a reported laboratory determination, whichever is later.
    (b) Whenever any document, because of its condition, becomes 
unsuitable for its intended or continued use, the laboratory personnel 
shall make a copy of the original document.
    (c) True copies shall be retained as photocopies, microfilm, 
microfiche, or other accurate reproductions and durable forms of the 
original document. Where reduction techniques, such as microfilming are 
used, suitable reader and photocopying equipment shall be readily 
available. Such reproductions shall be treated and considered for all 
purposes as though they were the original documents.
    (d) All documents required to be maintained under this part shall be 
kept confidential and shall be disclosed only to the applicants or other 
persons with the applicants' knowledge and permission. Only such 
information as the Administrator deems relevant shall be disclosed to 
the public without the applicants' permission, and then, only in a suit 
or administrative hearing brought at the direction, or on the request, 
of the Administrator, or to which the Administrator or any other officer 
of the United States is a party.



                Subpart H--Appeal of Laboratory Services



Sec. 91.31  When an appeal of a laboratory service may be requested.

    (a) An application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be made 
by any interested party who is dissatisfied with the results of an 
analysis as stated in a certificate or laboratory report, if the lot of 
the commodity can be positively identified by the laboratory service as 
the lot from which originally drawn samples were previously analyzed.
    (b) An application for an appeal of a laboratory service shall be 
made within thirty (30) days following the day on which the previous 
analysis was performed. However, upon approval by the Division Director, 
the filing time for an appeal application may be extended.



Sec. 91.32  Where to file for an appeal of a laboratory service and information required.

    (a) Application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be filed 
with the supervisor in the office or laboratory facility that issued the 
certificate or laboratory report on which the appeal analysis covering 
the commodity product is requested.
    (b) The application for an appeal of a laboratory service shall 
state the location of the lot of the commodity product and the reasons 
for the appeal; and date and serial number of the certificate covering 
the laboratory service of the commodity product on which the appeal is 
requested. In addition, such application shall be accompanied by

[[Page 271]]

the original and all available copies of the certificate or laboratory 
report.
    (c) Application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be made 
orally (in person or by telephone), in writing, by facsimile, or by 
telegraph. If made orally, written confirmation shall be made promptly.



Sec. 91.33  When an application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be withdrawn.

    An application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be 
withdrawn by the applicant at any time before the appealed laboratory 
service is performed; Provided, That, the applicant shall pay, at the 
hourly rate prescribed in Sec. 91.37, for the time incurred by the 
laboratory personnel, any travel, telephone, telegraph, or other 
expenses which have been incurred by the laboratory service in 
connection with such application.



Sec. 91.34  When an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused.

    An application for an appeal of a laboratory service may be refused 
if:
    (a) The reasons for the appealed laboratory service are frivolous or 
not substantial;
    (b) The quality or condition of the commodity product has undergone 
a material change since the laboratory service covering the commodity 
product on which the appealed laboratory service is requested;
    (c) The lot in question is not, or cannot be made accessible for 
sampling;
    (d) The lot relative to which the appealed laboratory service is 
requested cannot be positively identified as the lot from which samples 
were previously drawn and originally analyzed; or
    (e) There is noncompliance with the regulations in this part. Such 
applicant shall be notified promptly of the reason for such refusal.



Sec. 91.35  Who shall perform an appealed laboratory service.

    An appealed laboratory service shall be performed, whenever 
possible, by another individual or other individuals than the 
scientist(s) or the technician(s) that performed the original analytical 
determination.



Sec. 91.36  Appeal laboratory certificate.

    (a) An appeal laboratory certificate shall be issued showing the 
results of such appealed analysis. This certificate shall supersede the 
laboratory certificate previously issued for the commodity product 
involved.
    (b) Each appeal laboratory certificate shall clearly identify the 
number and date of the laboratory certificate which it supersedes. The 
superseded certificate shall become null and void upon the issuance of 
the appealed laboratory certificate and shall no longer represent the 
analytical results of the commodity product.
    (c) The individual issuing an appeal laboratory certificate shall 
forward notice of such issuance to such persons as he or she considers 
necessary to prevent misuse of the superseded certificate if the 
original and all copies of such superseded certificate have not 
previously been delivered to the individual issuing the appeal 
certificate.
    (d) The provisions in the regulations in this part concerning forms 
and certificates, issuance of certificates, and retention and 
disposition of certificates shall apply to appeal laboratory 
certificates, except that copies of such appeal certificates shall be 
furnished to all interested parties who received copies of the 
superseded certificate.



                       Subpart I--Fees and Charges



Sec. 91.37  Fees for laboratory testing, analysis, and other services.

    (a) The fees listed in the general schedules in this section for the 
individual laboratory analyses cover the costs of Science and Technology 
Division laboratory services, including issuance of certificates and 
personnel and overhead costs other than the commodity inspection fees 
referred to in Secs. 52.42 through 52.46, 52.48 through 52.51, 55.510 
through 55.530, 55.560 through 55.570, 58.38 through 58.43, 58.45 
through 58.47, 70.71 through 70.72, and 70.75 through 70.78. The fees 
apply to all processed commodity products, except flue-cured and burley 
tobacco, citrus juices and certain citrus products. The laboratory fees 
are listed for single test analysis (unless specified) for processed 
fruits and vegetables (part 93), poultry and egg products (part 94), 
processed

[[Page 272]]

dairy products (part 95), and meat and meat products (part 98). The fees 
for chemical analysis of cottonseed associated with grading and novel 
variety seed certification under the Plant Variety Protection Act are 
specified in parts 96 and 97, respectively. Except as otherwise provided 
in this section, charges will be made for laboratory analysis at the 
hourly rate of $34.20 for the time required to perform the service. A 
minimum charge of one-quarter hour will be made for service pursuant to 
each request or certificate issued. The following times per single test 
on each schedule will apply.

    General Schedules of Fees for Official Laboratory Test Services 
 Performed at the AMS Science and Technology Division Laboratories for 
                      Processed Commodity Products

  Table 1--Single Test Times and Laboratory Fees for Proximate Analyses 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Hours for            
                Type of analysis                    single     List fee 
                                                     test               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ammonia, Ion Selective Electrode................        2.25      $76.95
Ash, Total......................................        1          34.20
Ash, Acid Insoluble.............................        1.5        51.30
Chloride, Salt Titration (Dairy)................        0.5        17.10
Fat, Acid Hydrolysis............................        1          34.20
Fat (Cheese and Related Products)...............        0.75       25.65
Fat (Dairy Products except Cheese)..............        0.5        17.10
Fat, Ether Extraction...........................        1          34.20
Fat, Microwave--Solvent Extraction..............        1          34.20
Fat, Specific Gravity...........................        1          34.20
Fiber, Crude....................................        2          68.40
Moisture, Distillation..........................        1          34.20
Moisture, Karl Fischer..........................        1.5        51.30
Moisture, Oven..................................        0.5        17.10
Protein, Kjeldahl...............................        2          68.40
Salt, Back Titration............................        0.75       25.65
Salt, Potentiometric............................        0.5        17.10
------------------------------------------------------------------------



    Table 2--Single Test Times and Laboratory Fees for Lipid Related    
                                Analyses                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Hours for            
                Type of Analysis                    single     List fee 
                                                     test               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acid Degree Value (Dairy).......................        1         $34.20
Acidity, Titratable.............................        0.25        8.55
Carotene, Spectrophotometric....................        2.5        85.50
Catalase Test...................................        0.5        17.10
Cholesterol \1\.................................        5         171.00
Color (Honey)...................................        0.5        17.10
Color, NEPA (Eggs)..............................        1          34.20
Consistency, Bostwick (Cooked)..................        0.5        17.10
Consistency, Bostwick (Uncooked)................        0.5        17.10
Density (Specific Gravity)......................        0.25        8.55
Dispersibility (Moates-Dabbah Method)...........        0.5        17.10
Fat Stability,\2\ AOM...........................        1          34.20
Fatty Acid Profile (AOAC-GC method).............        4         136.80
Flash Point Test only...........................        2          68.40
Free fatty acids................................        0.5        17.10
Meltability (Process Cheese)....................        0.5        17.10
Peroxidase Test.................................        0.5        17.10
Peroxide Value..................................        0.75       25.65
Smoke Point Test only...........................        2          68.40
Smoke Point and Flash Point.....................        3.5       119.70
Solids, Total (Oven Drying).....................        0.5        17.10
Soluble Solids, Refractometer...................        0.5        17.10 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Moisture and fat analyses are required to be analyzed at an         
  additional cost as prerequisites to the cholesterol test.             
\2\ Peroxide value analysis is required as a prerequisite to the fat    
  stability test at the additional fee.                                 



[[Page 273]]


    Table 3--Single Test Times and Laboratory Fees for Food Additives   
                          (Direct and Indirect)                         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Hours for            
                Type of analysis                    single     List fee 
                                                     test               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aflatoxin, (Dairy, Eggs)........................        3.5      $119.70
Alar or Daminozide Residue......................        6         205.20
Amitraz Residue, GLC............................        6         205.20
Alcohol (Qualitative)...........................        2          68.40
Alkalinity of Ash...............................        1.5        51.30
Antibiotic, Qualitative (Dairy).................        0.5        17.10
Antibiotic, Quantitative........................        4         136.80
Ascorbates (Qualitative--Meats).................        0.5        17.10
Ascorbic Acid, Titration........................        1          34.20
Ascorbic Acid, Spectrophotometric...............        1          34.20
Benzene, Residual...............................        2          68.40
Brix, Direct Percent Sucrose....................        0.5        17.10
Brix, Dilution..................................        0.5        17.10
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)..................        1.5        51.30
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)..................        1.5        51.30
Caffeine, Micro Bailey-Andrew...................        1.5        51.30
Caffeine, Spectrophotometric....................        1          34.20
Calcium.........................................        1.5        51.30
Citric Acid, GLC or HPLC........................        1.5        51.30
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons:                                               
  Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals--                                 
    Initial Screen..............................        4         136.80
    Second Column Confirmation of Analyte.......        1          34.20
    Confirmation on Mass Spectrometer...........        2          68.40
Dextrin (Qualitative)...........................        0.5        17.10
Dextrin (Quantitative)..........................        3         102.60
Filth, Heavy (Dairy)............................        2.5        85.50
Filth, Heavy (Eggs).............................        4         136.80
Filth, Light (Eggs).............................        2.5        85.50
Filth, Light and Heavy (Eggs Extraneous)........        6         205.20
Flavor (Dairy)..................................        0.25        8.55
Flavor (Products except Dairy)..................        0.75       25.65
Fumigants:                                                              
  Initial Screen--                                                      
    Dibromochloropropane (DBCP).................        1          34.20
    Ethylene Dibromide..........................        1          34.20
    Methyl Bromide..............................        1          34.20
  Confirmation on Mass Spectrometer--                                   
    Each individual fumigant residue............        2          68.40
Glucose (Qualitative)...........................        0.75       25.65
Glucose (Quantitative)..........................        1.75       59.85
Glycerol (Quantitative).........................        3         102.60
Gums............................................        3         102.60
High Sucrose Content or Avasucrol--Percent                              
 Sucrose (Holland Eggs).........................        4         136.80
Hydrogen Ion Activity, pH.......................        0.5        17.10
Mercury, Cold Vapor AA..........................        2.5        85.50
Metals--Other Than Mercury, Each Metal..........        2          68.40
Monosodium Dihydrogen Phosphate.................        4         136.80
Monosodium Glutamate............................        4         136.80
Nitrites (Qualitative)..........................        0.5        17.10
Nitrites (Quantitative).........................        3         102.60
Oxygen..........................................        0.5        17.10
Palatability and Odor:                                                  
  First Sample..................................        0.75       25.65
  Each Additional Sample........................        0.5        17.10
Phosphatase, Residual...........................        1          34.20
Phosphorus......................................        2          68.40
Propylene Glycol, Codistillation: (Qualitative).        2          68.40
Pyrethrin Residue (Dairy).......................        4         136.80
Scorched Particles..............................        0.25        8.55
Sodium, Potentiometric..........................        1          34.20
Sodium Benzoate, HPLC...........................        1.5        51.30
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS).....................        8         273.60
Sodium Silicoaluminate (Zeolex).................        2          68.40
Solubility Index................................        0.5        17.10
Starch, Direct Acid Hydrolysis..................        3         102.60
Sugar, Polarimetric Methods.....................        1          34.20
Sugar Profile, HPLC--This profile includes the                          
 following components: Dextrose, Fructose,                              
 Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose:                                          
  One type sugar from HPLC profile..............        3         102.60
  Each additional type sugar....................        0.5        17.10

[[Page 274]]

                                                                        
Sugars, Non-Reducing............................        3         102.60
Sugars, Total as Invert.........................        2          68.40
Sulfites (Qualitative)..........................        0.75       25.65
Sulfur Dioxide, Direct Titration................        1          34.20
Sulfur Dioxide, Monier-Williams.................        1.5        51.30
Toluene, Residual...............................        2          68.40
Triethyl Citrate, GC (Quantitative).............        1          34.20
Vitamin A.......................................        2.5        85.50
Vitamin A, Carr-Price (Dry Milk)................        1.25       42.75
Vitamin D, HPLC (Vitamins D2 and D3)............        8.5       290.70
Whey Protein Nitrogen...........................        0.75       25.65
Xanthydrol Test For Urea........................        1.5        51.30
  This is an optional test to the extraneous                            
   materials isolation test.                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------



  Table 4--Single Test Times and Laboratory Fees for Other Chemical and 
                       Physical Component Analyses                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Hours for            
                Type of analysis                    single     List fee 
                                                     test               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Available Carbon Dioxide (Baking Powders).......        4        $136.80
Complete Kohman Analysis (Dairy)................        1          34.20
Jelly Strength (Bloom)..........................        2.5        85.50
Methyl Anthranilate.............................        1          34.20
Grape Juice Absorbency Ratio....................        0.5        17.10
Net Weight (Per Can)............................        0.25        8.55
Non-Volatile Methylene Chloride Extract.........        2.5        85.50
Particle Size (Ether Wash)......................        0.5        17.10
Potassium Iodide (Table Salt)...................        1.5        51.30
Quinic Acid (Cranberry Juice)...................        1.75       59.85
Sieve or Particle Size..........................        0.5        17.10
Water Activity..................................        4         136.80
Water Insoluble Inorganic Residues (WIIR).......        2          68.40
Yellow Onion Test...............................        0.75       25.65
------------------------------------------------------------------------


   Table 5--Single Test Times and Laboratory Fees for Microbiological   
                                Analyses                                
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                   Hours for            
                Type of analysis                    single     List fee 
                                                     test               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aerobic (Standard) Plate Count..................        0.5       $17.10
Anaerobic Bacterial Plate Count.................        0.75       25.65
Bacterial Direct Microscopic Count..............        1          34.20
Campylobacter jejuni............................        4         136.80
Coliform Plate Count (Dairy Products)...........        0.5        17.10
Coliform Plate Count, Violet Red Bile Agar:                             
(Presumptive Coliform Plate Count)..............        0.75       25.65
Coliforms, Most Probable Number (MPN): \1\                              
    Step 1......................................        0.75       25.65
    Step 2......................................        0.75       25.65
Direct Microscopic Clump Count, DMCC............        0.75       25.65
E. coli, Presumptive MPN (Additional Fee) \2\...        1.5        51.30
Enterococci Count...............................        3         102.60
Listeria monocytogenes confirmation analysis:                           
 \3\                                                                    
    Step 1......................................        1.5        51.30
    Step 2......................................        1.5        51.30
    Step 3 (Confirmation).......................        2.5        85.50
Proteolytic Count (Dairy).......................        0.5        17.10
Psychrotrophic Bacterial Plate Count............        0.75       25.65
Salmonella (USDA Culture Method): \4\                                   
    Step 1 (Dairy Products).....................        1          34.20
    Step 1......................................        1.5        51.30
    Step 2......................................        0.75       25.65
    Step 3 (Confirmation).......................        1.5        51.30
    Serological Typing (Optional)...............        2.5        85.50
Salmonella (Rapid Methods): \5\                                         
    Step 1......................................        2          68.40
    Step 2......................................        0.75       25.65

[[Page 275]]

                                                                        
    Step 3 (Confirmation).......................        1.5        51.30
Staphylococcus aureus, MPN:                                             
    With Coagulase Positive Confirmation........        1.75       59.85
Thermoduric Bacterial Plate Count...............        0.75       25.65
Yeast and Mold Count............................        0.5        17.10
Yeast and Mold Differential Plate Count.........        0.75       25.65 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Coliform MPN analysis may be in two steps as follows: Step 1--      
  presumptive test through lauryl sulfate tryptose broth; Step 2--      
  confirmatory test through brilliant green lactose bile broth.         
\2\ Step 1 of the coliform MPN analysis is a prerequisite for the       
  performance of the presumptive E. coli test, Prior enrichment in      
  lauryl sulfate tryptose broth is required for optimal recovery of E.  
  coli from inoculated and incubated EC broth (Escherichia coli broth). 
  The E. coli test is performed through growth on eosin methylene blue  
  agar. The fee stated for E. coli analysis is a supplementary charge to
  step 1 of coliform test.                                              
\3\ Listeria monocytogenes test using the USDA method may be in three   
  steps as follows: Step 1--isolation by University of Vermont modified 
  (UVM) broth and Fraser's broth enrichments and selective plating with 
  Modified Oxford (MOX) agar; Presumptive Step 2--typical colonies      
  inoculated from Horse Blood into brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and 
  check for characteristic motility; Confirmatory Step 3--culture from  
  BHI broth with typical motility is inoculated into the seven          
  biochemical medias, BHI agar for oxidase and catalase tests, Motility 
  test medium, and Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson (CAMP) test.          
Listeria monocytogenes test using the FDA method may be in three steps  
  as follows: Step 1--isolation by trypticase soy broth with 0.6% yeast 
  extract (TSB-YE) broth enrichment and selective plating with Modified 
  McBrides agar and Lithium chloride Phenylethanol Moxalactam (LPM)     
  agar; Presumptive Step 2--typical colonies inoculated to trypticase   
  soy agar with yeast extract (TSA-YE) with sheep blood plates to check 
  for hemolysis followed by inoculations to BHI broth and TSA-YE plates 
  to check for characteristic motility, gram stain and catalase test;   
  Confirmatory Step 3--culture from BHI broth with typical motility for 
  wet mount is inoculated into the required 10 biochemical medias,      
  Sulfide-Indole-Motility (SIM) medium, and the CAMP test. Serology is  
  checked using growth from TSA-YE plates.                              
Both methods for Listeria determination have the equivalent time needed 
  for each step.                                                        
\4\ Salmonella test may be in three steps as follows: Step 1--growth    
  through differential agars; Step 2--growth and testing through triple 
  sugar iron and lysine iron agars; Step 3--confirmatory test through   
  biochemicals, and polyvalent serological testing with Poly ``O'' and  
  Poly ``H'' antiserums. The serological typing of Salmonella is        
  requested on occasion.                                                
\5\ Salmonella test may be in three steps as follows: Step 1--growth in 
  enrichment broths and Elisa test or DNA hybridization system assay;   
  Step 2--growth and testing through triple sugar iron and lysine iron  
  agars; Step 3--confirmatory test through biochemicals, and polyvalent 
  serological testing with Poly ``O'' and Poly ``H'' antiserums.        


                     Table 6.--Single Test Times And Laboratory Fees for Aflatoxin Analyses                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Hours for                                  
                    Aflatoxin test by commodity                       single     Fee per single    Fee per pair 
                                                                       test         analysis       analyses \1\ 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peanut Butter (TLC--CB)...........................................           1           $34.20           \2\ NA
Corn (TLC--CB)....................................................           1            34.20               NA
Roasted Peanuts (TLC--BF).........................................           1            34.20               NA
Brazil Nuts (TLC--BF).............................................           2            68.40               NA
Pistachio Nuts (TLC--BF)..........................................           2            68.40               NA
Shelled Peanuts (TLC--BF).........................................          NA            14.00            28.00
Shelled Peanuts (Aflatest)........................................          NA            20.00            40.00
Shelled Peanuts (HPLC)............................................          NA            50.00           100.00
Tree Nuts (TLC)...................................................           1            34.20               NA
Oilseed Meals (TLC)...............................................           1            34.20               NA
Edible Seeds (TLC)................................................           1            34.20               NA
Dried Fruit (TLC).................................................           1            34.20               NA
Small Grains (TLC)................................................           1            34.20               NA
In-Shell Peanuts (TLC)............................................          NA            14.00            28.00
Silage; Other Grains (TLC)........................................           1            34.20              NA 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Aflatoxin testing of raw peanuts under Peanut Marketing Agreement for subsamples 1-AB, 2-AB, 3-AB, and 1-CD 
  is $28.00 per pair of analyses using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Best Foods (BF) extraction method.   
  The BF method has been modified to incorporate a water slurry extraction procedure. The Contaminants Branch   
  (CB) method is used on occasion as an alternative method for peanuts and peanut meal when doubt exists as to  
  the effectiveness of the BF method in extracting aflatoxin from the sample or when background interferences   
  exist that might mask TLC quantitation of aflatoxin. The cost per pair of analyses using Aflatest and High    
  Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is $40.00 and $100.00, respectively. Other aflatoxin analyses for fruits
  and vegetables are listed at Science and Technology Division's current hourly rate of $34.20.                 
\2\ NA denotes not applicable.                                                                                  



     Table 7--Miscellaneous Charges Supplemental to the Science and     
             Technology Division's Laboratory Analysis Fees             
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Hours for        
           Laboratory service description               single     List 
                                                        sample      fee 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample Grinding (Raw Peanuts).......................        0.25   $8.55
Sample Grinding (Canned Boned Poultry)..............        1      34.20
                                                                        
Sample Grinding (Meats, Meat Products, Meals, Ready-                    
 to-Eat):                                                               
    Per pouch or raw sample.........................        0.25    8.55

[[Page 276]]

                                                                        
    Per tray pack...................................        0.5    17.10
Compositing Multiple Subsamples for an Individual                       
 Test Sample Unit per subsample.....................        0.25    8.55
------------------------------------------------------------------------



     Table 8--Additional Charges Applicable to the Sample Receipt and   
                             Analysis Report                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Service description                      List charge         
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Established Courier Expense at Albany,     $2.00                        
 Georgia Laboratory.                                                    
Courier Expense at Other AMS               Varies.                      
 Laboratories: Mileage Charge Set at                                    
 $0.30 Per Mile Roundtrip from Laboratory                               
 to Delivery Site.                                                      
Facsimile Charge (Per Analysis Report)...  $3.00 minimum up to first 3  
                                            pages, then $1.00 per page. 
Additional Analysis Report or Extra        $17.10 per report or         
 Certificate (\1/2\ hour charge).           certificate reissued.       
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    (b) The fee charge for any laboratory analysis not listed in 
paragraph (a) of this section, or for any other applicable services 
rendered in the laboratory, shall be based on the time required to 
perform such analysis or render such service. The standard hourly rate 
shall be $34.20.
    (c) When a laboratory test service is provided for AMS by a 
commercial or State government laboratory, the applicant will be 
assessed a fee which covers the costs to AMS for the service provided.

[58 FR 42415, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 24321, May 10, 1994; 59 
FR 50121, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 91.38  Additional fees for appeal of analysis.

    (a) The appellant will be charged an additional fee at a rate of 1.5 
times the standard rate stated in paragraph (a) of Sec. 91.37 if, as a 
result of an authorized appeal analysis, it is determined that the 
original test results are correct. The appeal laboratory rate is $51.30 
per analysis hour.
    (b) The appeal fee will be waived if the appeal laboratory test 
discloses that an error was made in the original analysis.



Sec. 91.39  Special request fees for overtime and legal holiday service.

    (a) Laboratory analyses initiated at the special request of the 
applicant to be rendered on Saturdays, Sundays, Federal holidays, and on 
an overtime basis will be charged at a rate of 1.5 times the standard 
rate stated in paragraph (a) of Sec. 91.37. The premium laboratory rate 
for holiday and overtime service will be $51.30 per analysis hour.
    (b) Information on legal holidays or what constitutes overtime 
service at a particular AMS laboratory is available from the laboratory 
supervisor.



Sec. 91.40  Fees for courier service and facsimile of the analysis report.

    (a) The AMS peanut aflatoxin laboratory at Albany, Georgia, has a 
set courier charge of $2.00 per trip to retrieve the sample package. The 
mileage charge specified in Table 8 in Sec. 91.37 of this part for 
courier service at other AMS laboratories is based on the shortest 
roundtrip route from laboratory to sample retrieval site.
    (b) The faxing of laboratory analysis reports or certificates is an 
optional service offered at the fee specified in Table 8 in Sec. 91.37 
of this part.



Sec. 91.41  Charges for demonstrations and courses of instruction.

    Charges, not in excess of the cost thereof and as approved by the 
Division Director, may be made for demonstrations, samples, or courses 
of instruction when such are furnished upon request.



Sec. 91.42  Billing.

    (a) Each billing cycle will end on the 25th of the month. The 
applicant will be billed by the National Finance Center on the 1st day, 
following the end of the billing cycle in which voluntary laboratory 
services and other services

[[Page 277]]

were rendered at a particular Science and Technology Division 
laboratory.
    (b) The total charge shall normally be stated directly on the 
analysis report or on a standardized certificate form for the laboratory 
analyses of a specific agricultural commodity and related commodity 
products.
    (c) The actual bill for collection will be issued by the National 
Finance Center, Program Billings and Collection Section, PO Box 60950, 
New Orleans, Louisiana 70160.



Sec. 91.43  Payment of fees and charges.

    (a) Fees and charges for services shall be paid by the applicant, by 
check or money order payable, to the ``Agricultural Marketing Service, 
USDA'' and sent to the office indicated on the bill.
    (b) Fees and charges for services under a cooperative agreement with 
a State or other AMS Divisions will be paid in accordance with the terms 
of the cooperative agreement.
    (c) As necessary, the Division Director may require that fees shall 
be paid in advance of the performance of the requested service. Any fees 
paid in excess of the amount due shall be used to offset future 
billings, unless a request for a refund is made by applicant.



Sec. 91.44  Charges on overdue accounts and issuance of delinquency notices.

    (a) Accounts are considered overdue if payment is late with the 
National Finance Center (NFC). The timeliness of a payment will be based 
on the postmark date of the payment or the date of receipt by the NFC if 
no postmark date is present or legible. Bills are payable upon receipt 
and become delinquent 30 days from date of billing.
    (b) Any amount due not paid by the due date will be increased by a 
late payment charge. The actual assessed rate applied to overdue 
accounts is set quarterly by the Department of the Treasury. This amount 
is one-twelfth of one year's late penalty interest rate computed at the 
prescribed rate.
    (c) Overtime or holiday laboratory service will not be performed for 
any applicant with a notice of delinquency.
    (d) Applicants with three notices of delinquency will be reviewed 
for possible termination of services. A deposit in advance sufficient to 
cover the fees and expenses for any subsequent service may be required 
of any person failing to pay in claim after issuance of such notice of 
delinquency.
    (e) The Division Director will take such action as may be necessary 
to collect any delinquent amounts due.



Sec. 91.45  Charges for laboratory services on a contract basis.

    (a) Irrespective of fees and charges prescribed in Sec. 91.37, or in 
other sections of this subchapter E, the Division Director may enter 
into contracts with applicants to perform continuous laboratory services 
or other types of laboratory services pursuant to the regulations in 
this part and other requirements, as prescribed by the Division Director 
in such contract. In addition, the charges for such laboratory services, 
provided in such contracts, shall be on such basis as will reimburse the 
Agricultural Marketing Service of the Department for the full cost of 
rendering such laboratory services, including an appropriate overhead 
charge to cover administrative overhead expenses as may be determined by 
the Administrator.
    (b) Irrespective of fees and charges prescribed in Sec. 91.37, or in 
other sections of this subchapter E, the Division Director may enter 
into a written Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) or agreement with any 
administrative agency or governing party for the performance of 
laboratory services pursuant to said agreement or order on a basis that 
will reimburse the Agricultural Marketing Service of the Department for 
the full cost of rendering such laboratory service, including an 
appropriate overhead administrative overhead charge.
    (c) The conditions and terms for renewal of such Memorandum of 
Understanding or agreement shall be specified in the contract.



PART 92--TOBACCO--Table of Contents




Sec.
92.1  General.
92.2  Definitions.
92.3  Location for laboratory testing and kind of services available.
92.4  Approved forms for reporting analytical results.

[[Page 278]]

92.5  Analytical methods.
92.6  Cost for pesticide analysis set by cooperative agreement.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 511m, 511r.

    Source: 58 FR 42424, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 92.1  General.

    Analytical testing of imported flue-cured and burley tobacco is 
performed for maximum allowable pesticide residue levels. Domestic grown 
tobacco may also be analyzed for pesticide residues at the Science and 
Technology Division's Eastern Laboratory facility.

[58 FR 42424, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996, 61 
FR 55840, Oct. 29, 1996]



Sec. 92.2  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this part in the singular form will 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this part, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Air-cured. Tobacco cured under natural atmospheric conditions. 
Artificial heat is sometimes used to control excess humidity during the 
curing period to prevent house-burn, barn-burn and pole-burn in damp 
weather. Air-cured tobacco should not carry the odor of smoke or fumes 
resulting from the application of artificial heat.
    Burley. A thin to medium-bodied tobacco, usually a light tan to 
reddish-brown in color.
    Burley, Type 93. That type of air-cured tobacco commonly known as 
foreign-grown Burley, produced in countries other than the United 
States.
    Certificate of Analysis (Form CSSD-3). A legal document on which the 
test results for official samples will be certified by a Division 
chemist in charge of testing.
    Cured. Tobacco dried of its sap by either natural or artificial 
processes.
    2,4-D. The common abbreviation for the acid herbicide 2,4-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
    DBCP. The common abbreviation for the volatile fumigant pesticide 
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane.
    DDE. The common abbreviation for the chlorinated pesticide 
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. Degradation product of DDT by loss of 
one molecule of hydrochloric acid or referred to as a 
dehydrohalogenation process.
    DDT. The common abbreviation for Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane 
or the common name for the chlorinated insecticide or contact poison 
1,1-Bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane.
    Dicamba. The common name for the acid herbicide 2-Methoxy-3,6-
dichlorobenzoic acid.
    EDB. The common abbreviation for Ethylene dibromide or the common 
name for the volatile fumigant pesticide 1,2-Dibromoethane.
    Flue-cured. Tobacco cured under artificial atmospheric conditions by 
a process of regulating the heat and ventilation without allowing smoke 
or fumes from the fuel to come in contact with the tobacco; or tobacco 
cured by some other process which accomplishes the same results.
    Flue-cured, Type 92. That type of flue-cured tobacco commonly known 
as Foreign-grown Flue-cured, produced in countries other than the United 
States.
    Formothion. The common name for the organophosphorus pesticide S-(2-
(Formylmethylamino)-2-oxoethyl) O-O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate.
    HCB. The common abbreviation for the organochlorine pesticide 
Hexachlorobenzene.
    Lot. A unit of shipment of tobacco encompassed by a single invoice. 
The lot may represent a pile, basket, bulk, hack, burden, or more than 
one bale, case, hogshead, tierce, package, or other definite package 
unit.
    Maximum pesticide residue level. The maximum concentration of 
residue allowable for a specific pesticide or combination of pesticides, 
as set forth in Sec. 29.427 by the Director of the Tobacco Division.
    Pesticide. Any substance or mixture of substances intended for 
preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, and any 
substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant 
regulator, defoliant, or desiccant.
    Pesticide certification. A document issued by the Tobacco Division 
in a form approved by its Director, containing a certification by the 
importer that flue-cured and burley tobacco offered for

[[Page 279]]

importation does not exceed the maximum allowable residue levels of any 
pesticide that has been canceled, suspended, revoked, or otherwise 
prohibited under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 
(FIFRA).
    Pesticide test sample. An official sample or samples, collected from 
a lot of tobacco by the AMS Tobacco Division inspector for analysis by a 
certified chemist to ascertain the residue levels of pesticides that 
have been canceled, suspended, revoked, or otherwise prohibited under 
the FIFRA.
    Sample Identification Form (Form TB-89). A document approved by the 
Director of the Tobacco Division that identifies and accompanies the 
sample to the testing facility.
    2,4,5-T. The common abbreviation for the acid herbicide 2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
    TDE. The common abbreviation for the chlorinated insecticide 1,1-
Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane.
    Testing. The chemical analysis of a pesticide test sample to 
determine the presence and levels of pesticide residues.
    Tobacco. Tobacco as it appears between the time it is cured and 
stripped from the stalk, or primed and cured, in whole leaf or strip 
form, and the time it enters into the different manufacturing processes. 
Conditioning, sweating, stemming, and threshing are not regarded as 
manufacturing processes. Tobacco, as used in this part does not include 
manufactured or semimanufactured products, stems, cuttings, clippings, 
trimmings, siftings, or dust.



Sec. 92.3  Location for laboratory testing and kind of services available.

    (a) The analytical testing of imported Type 92 flue-cured tobacco 
samples and imported Type 93 burley tobacco samples for maximum 
pesticide residue level determinations is performed at the Science and 
Technology Division's Eastern Laboratory, and is located at: USDA, AMS, 
Science and Technology Division, Eastern Laboratory, 645 Cox Road, 
Gastonia, NC 28054.
    (b) Domestic-grown tobacco and tobacco products may be analyzed for 
acid herbicides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, fumigants, and 
organophosphates at the Science and Technology Division facility in this 
section.
    (c) The Division performs for the Tobacco Division the quantitative 
and confirmatory chemical residue analyses on pesticide test samples of 
imported tobacco for the following specific pesticides:
    (1) Organochlorine pesticides such as Dichloro-
diphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT), 
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethane (TDE), Toxaphene, Endrin, 
Aldrin, Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Methoxychlor, Chlordane, Heptachlor 
Epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), Cypermethrin, and Permethrin.
    (2) Organophosphorus pesticides such as Formothion.
    (3) Fumigants such as Ethylene Dibromide (EDB) and 
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP).
    (4) Acid herbicides such as 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Dicamba.

[58 FR 42424, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996, 61 
FR 55840, Oct. 29, 1996]



Sec. 92.4  Approved forms for reporting analytical results.

    (a) Form TB-89, ``Imported Tobacco Pesticide Residue Analysis'' 
certificate, is enclosed with and identifies the sample submitted to the 
laboratory.
    (b) Test results of the pesticide analyses for tobacco shall be 
recorded on ``Certificate of Analysis For Official Samples,'' Form CSSD-
3, and shall be expressed in total parts per million, per gram sample 
for each particular pesticide residue found in the lot of tobacco. Form 
CSSD-3 is attached to Form TB-89 that is returned to the Tobacco 
Division. The analytical data on Form CSSD-3 substantiates the 
information placed on Form TB-89.



Sec. 92.5  Analytical methods.

    Every chemist certified to analyze tobacco samples for pesticide 
residue contamination shall follow precisely the USDA developed 
analytical test methods and all successive official

[[Page 280]]

method updates, as approved by the Director, Science and Technology 
Division.

[58 FR 42424, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 92.6  Cost for pesticide analysis set by cooperative agreement.

    The fee for the pesticide analysis of tobacco is set by the Tobacco 
Division, in conjunction with the Science and Technology Division, and 
appears at Sec. 29.500 as part of Tobacco Division's fees for sampling 
and certification of imported flue-cured and burley tobacco. A 
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) exists between the Tobacco Division 
and the Science and Technology Division for the testing of imported 
tobacco samples for pesticide residue contamination, and the 
corresponding agreement on the cost of analyses is specified in this 
document.

[58 FR 42424, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51350, Oct. 2, 1996]



PART 93--PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES--Table of Contents




          Subpart A--Citrus Juices and Certain Citrus Products

Sec.
93.1  General.
93.2  Definitions.
93.3  Analyses available and location of laboratory.
93.4  Analytical methods.
93.5  Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

         Subpart B--Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Corn and Other Oilseeds

93.10  General.
93.11  Definitions.
93.12  Analyses available and locations of laboratories.
93.13  Analytical methods.
93.14  Fees for aflatoxin testing.
93.15  Fees for analytical testing of oilseeds.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    Source: 61 FR 51351, Oct. 2, 1996, unless otherwise noted.



          Subpart A--Citrus Juices and Certain Citrus Products



Sec. 93.1  General.

    Domestic and imported citrus products are tested to determine 
whether quality and grade standards are satisfied as set forth in the 
Florida Citrus Code.



Sec. 93.2  Definitions.

     Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Acid. The grams of total acidity, calculated as anhydrous citric 
acid, per 100 grams of juice or citrus product. Total acidity is 
determined by titration with standard sodium hydroxide solution, using 
phenolphthalein as indicator.
    Brix or degrees Brix. The percent by weight total soluble solids of 
the juice or citrus product when tested with a Brix hydrometer 
calibrated at 20 deg. C (68 deg. F) and to which any applicable 
temperature correction has been made. The Brix or degrees Brix may be 
determined by any other method which gives equivalent results.
    Brix value. The refractometric sucrose value of the juice or citrus 
product determined in accordance with the ``International Scale of 
Refractive Indices of Sucrose Solutions'' and to which the applicable 
correction for acid is added. The Brix value is determined in accordance 
with the refractometric method outlined in the Official Methods of 
Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 481 North Frederick Avenue, 
Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
    Brix value/acid ratio. The ratio of the Brix value of the juice or 
citrus product, in degrees Brix, to the grams of anhydrous citric acid 
per 100 grams of juice or citrus product.
    Brix/acid ratio. The ratio of the degrees Brix of the juice to the 
grams of

[[Page 281]]

anhydrous citric acid per 100 grams of the juice.
    Citrus. All plants, edible parts and commodity products thereof, 
including pulp and juice of any orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, 
mandarin, tangerine, kumquat or other tree or shrub in the genera 
Citrus, Fortunella, or Poncirus of the plant family Rutaceae.
    Recoverable oil. The percent of oil by volume, determined by the 
Bromate titration method as described in the current edition of the AOAC 
INTERNATIONAL.



Sec. 93.3  Analyses available and location of laboratory.

    (a) Laboratory analyses of citrus juice and other citrus products 
are being performed at the following Science and Technology Division 
location: Science and Technology Division Citrus Laboratory, 98 Third 
Street, SW, Winter Haven, FL 33880.
    (b) Laboratory analyses of citrus fruit and products in Florida are 
available in order to determine if such commodities satisfy the quality 
and grade standards set forth in the Florida Citrus Code (Florida 
Statutes Pursuant to Chapter 601). Such analyses include tests for acid 
as anhydrous citric acid, Brix, Brix-acid ratio, recoverable oil, and 
artificial coloring matter additive, as turmeric. The Florida Division 
of Fruit and Vegetable Inspection may also request analyses for arsenic 
metal, pulp wash (ultraviolet and fluorescence), standard plate count, 
yeast with mold count, and nutritive sweetening ingredients as sugars.
    (c) Additional laboratory tests are available upon request at the 
Science and Technology Division Citrus Laboratory at Winter Haven, 
Florida. Such analyses include tests for vitamins, naringin, sodium 
benzoate, Salmonella, protein, salt, pesticide residues, sodium metal, 
ash, potassium metal, and coliforms for citrus products.



Sec. 93.4  Analytical methods.

    (a) The majority of analytical methods for citrus products are found 
in the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
    (b) Other analytical methods for citrus products may be used as 
approved by the Director, Science and Technology Division.



Sec. 93.5  Fees for citrus product analyses set by cooperative agreement.

    The fees for the analyses of fresh citrus juices and other citrus 
products shall be set by mutual agreement between the applicant, the 
State of Florida, and the Director, Science and Technology Division. A 
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) or cooperative agreement exists 
presently with the AMS Science and Technology Division and the State of 
Florida, regarding the set hourly rate and the costs to perform 
individual tests on Florida citrus products, for the State.



         Subpart B--Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Corn and Other Oilseeds



Sec. 93.10  General.

    Chemical analyses are performed to detect the presence of aflatoxin 
in lots of shelled peanuts and peanut products, as well as in other nuts 
and agricultural products. In addition, proximate chemical analyses for 
quality determination are performed on oilseeds.



Sec. 93.11  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Aflatoxin. A toxic metabolite produced by the molds Aspergillus 
flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The aflatoxin compounds fluoresce 
when viewed under UV light as follows: aflatoxin B1 and derivatives 
with a blue fluorescence, aflatoxin B2 with a blue-violet 
fluorescence, aflatoxin G1 with a green fluorescence, aflatoxin 
G2 with a green-blue fluorescence, aflatoxin M1 with a blue-
violet fluorescence, and aflatoxin M2 with a violet fluorescence. 
These closely related molecular structures are referred to as aflatoxin 
B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, M2, GM1, 
B2a, G2a, R0, B3, 1- OCH3B2, and 
1CH3G2.
    Peanut Administrative Committee (PAC). The committee established

[[Page 282]]

under the U.S. Department of Agriculture Marketing Agreement for 
Peanuts, 7 CFR part 998, which administers the terms and provisions of 
this Agreement, including the aflatoxin control program for domestically 
produced raw peanuts, for peanut shellers.
    Peanut Marketing Agreement. The agreement concerning the regulations 
and instructions set forth since July 12, 1965, by the Peanut 
Administrative Committee for the marketing of peanuts entered into by 
handlers of domestically produced peanuts under the authority of the 
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937, as amended (7 U.S.C. 601 
et seq.).
    Peanuts. The seeds of the legume Arachis hypogaea, and includes both 
inshell and shelled nuts.
    Seed. Any vegetable or other agricultural plant ovule having an 
embryo that is capable of germinating to produce a plant.



Sec. 93.12  Analyses available and locations of laboratories.

    (a) Aflatoxin testing services. The aflatoxin analyses for peanuts, 
other nuts, corn, and other oilseed products are performed at the 
following 8 locations for Science and Technology Division (S&TD) 
Aflatoxin Laboratories:

(1) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 1557 Reeves Street, Mail: P.O. Box 1368, Dothan, AL 
    36302.
(2) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 1211 Schley Avenue, Albany, GA 31707.
(3) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 610 North Main Street, Blakely, GA 31723.
(4) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 107 South Fourth Street, Madill, OK 73446.
(5) USDA, AMS, S&TD, 308 Culloden Street, Mail: P.O. Box 1130, Suffolk, 
    VA 23434.
(6) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Golden Peanut Company, 200 West Washington 
    Street, Mail: P.O. Box 488, Ashburn, GA 31714.
(7) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Golden Peanut Company, 301 West Pearl Street, 
    Mail: P.O. Box 279, Aulander, NC 27805.
(8) USDA, AMS, S&TD, c/o Stevens Industries, Cargill, Inc., 715 North 
    Main Street, Mail: P.O. Box 272, Dawson, GA 31742.

    (b) Peanuts, peanut products, and oilseed testing services. (1) The 
Science and Technology Division Aflatoxin Laboratories at Dothan, 
Alabama and Albany and Blakely, Georgia will perform other analyses for 
peanuts, peanut products, and a variety of oilseeds. The analyses for 
oilseeds include testing for free fatty acids, ammonia, nitrogen or 
protein, moisture and volatile matter, foreign matter, and oil (fat) 
content.
    (2) All of the analyses described in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section performed on a single seed sample are billed at the rate of one 
hour per sample. Any single seed analysis performed on a single sample 
is billed at the rate of one-half hour per sample. The standard hourly 
rate shall be as specified in 7 CFR 91.37(b).
    (c) Vegetable oil testing services. The analyses for vegetable oils 
are performed at the Science and Technology Division Midwestern 
Laboratory, 3570 North Avondale Ave., Chicago, IL 60618. The analyses 
for vegetable oils will include the flash point test, smoke point test, 
acid value, peroxide value, phosphorus in oil, and specific gravity. The 
fee charged for any single laboratory analysis for vegetable oils shall 
be obtained from the schedules of charges in 7 CFR 91.37(a).



Sec. 93.13  Analytical methods.

    Official analyses for peanuts, nuts, corn, oilseeds, and related 
vegetable oils are found in the following manuals:
    (a) Analyst's Instruction for Aflatoxin (August 1994), S&TD 
Instruction No. 1, USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, Science and 
Technology Division, South Agriculture Building, 14th & Independence 
Avenue, SW, P.O. Box 96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456.
    (b) Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil 
Chemists' Society (AOCS), American Oil Chemists' Society, 1608 Broadmoor 
Drive, P.O. Box 3489, Champaign, IL 61826-3489.
    (c) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 
481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
    (d) Standard Analytical Methods of the Member Companies of Corn 
Industries Research Foundation, Corn Refiners Association (CRA), Suite 
1120, 1100

[[Page 283]]

Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20036.



Sec. 93.14  Fees for aflatoxin testing.

    (a) The fee charged for any single laboratory analysis for 
aflatoxins shall be obtained from the schedules of charges in 7 CFR 
91.37(a).
    (b) The charge for the aflatoxin testing of raw peanuts under the 
Peanut Marketing Agreement for subsamples 1-AB, 2-AB, 3-AB, and 1-CD is 
a set cost per pair of analyses and shall be set by cooperative 
agreement between the Peanut Administrative Committee and AMS Science 
and Technology Division.
    (c) The charge for any requested laboratory analysis for aflatoxins 
not listed shall be based on the standard hourly rate specified in 7 CFR 
91.37(b).



Sec. 93.15  Fees for analytical testing of oilseeds.

    (a) The fee charged for any single laboratory analysis for oilseeds 
shall be obtained from the schedules of charges in 7 CFR 91.37(a).
    (b) The charge for any requested laboratory analysis for oilseeds 
not listed shall be based on the standard hourly rate specified in 7 CFR 
91.37(b).



PART 94--POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTS--Table of Contents




              Subpart A--Mandatory Analyses of Egg Products

Sec.
94.1  General.
94.2  Definitions.
94.3  Analyses performed and locations of laboratories.
94.4  Analytical methods.
94.5  Charges for laboratory service.

              Subpart B--Voluntary Analyses of Egg Products

94.100  General.
94.101  Definitions.
94.102  Analyses available.
94.103  Analytical methods.
94.104  Fees and charges.

          Subpart C--Salmonella Laboratory Recognition Program

94.200  [Reserved]

                  Subpart D--Processed Poultry Products

94.300  General.
94.301  Definitions.
94.302  Analyses available and locations of laboratories.
94.303  Analytical methods.
94.304  Fees and charges.

    Authority: Secs. 2-28 of the Egg Products Inspection Act (84 Stat. 
1620-1635; 21 U.S.C. 1031-1056), Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, 
Secs. 202-208 as amended (60 Stat. 1087-1091; 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627).

    Source: 58 FR 42428, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.

    Editorial Note: Nomenclature changes to part 94 appear at 61 FR 
51352, Oct. 2 1996.



              Subpart A--Mandatory Analyses of Egg Products



Sec. 94.1  General.

    Microbiological, chemical, and physical analysis of liquid, frozen, 
and dried egg products is performed under authority of the Egg Products 
Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 1031-1056).



Sec. 94.2  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Egg. The shell egg of the domesticated chicken, turkey, duck, goose, 
or guinea. Some of the terms applicable to shell eggs are defined by the 
Poultry Division in Sec. 59.5.
    Egg product. Any dried, frozen, or liquid eggs, with or without 
added ingredients. However, products which contain eggs only in a 
relatively small proportion or historically have not been, in the 
judgment of the Secretary, considered by consumers as products of the 
egg food industry may be exempted by the Secretary under such conditions 
as may be prescribed to assure that the egg ingredients are not 
adulterated and such products are not represented as egg products. Some 
of the products exempted as not being egg products are specified by the 
Poultry Division in Sec. 59.5.

[[Page 284]]

    Mandatory sample. An official sample of egg product(s) taken for 
testing under authority of the Egg Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 
1031-1056) for analysis by a U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Agricultural Marketing Service, Science and Technology Division 
laboratory at government expense. A mandatory sample shall include an 
egg product sample to be analyzed for microbiological, chemical, or 
physical attributes.
    Official plant. Any plant, as determined by the Secretary, at which 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture maintains inspection of the 
processing of egg products under the authority of the Egg Products 
Inspection Act.
    Pasteurize. The subjecting of each particle of egg products to heat 
or other treatments to destroy harmful viable microorganisms by such 
processes as may be prescribed by the regulations in the EPIA.
    Pesticide chemical, food additive, color additive, and raw 
agricultural commodity. These terms shall have the same meaning for 
purposes of this subpart as under sections 408, 409, and 706 of the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
    Plant. Any place of business where egg products are processed.
    Processing. Manufacturing of egg products, including breaking eggs 
or filtering, mixing, blending, pasteurizing, stabilizing, cooling, 
freezing, drying, or packaging egg products at official plants.



Sec. 94.3  Analyses performed and locations of laboratories.

    (a) Samples drawn by a USDA egg products inspector will be analyzed 
by Science and Technology Division personnel for microbiological, 
chemical, and physical attributes. The analytical results of these 
samples will be reported to the resident egg products inspector at the 
applicable plant on the official certificate.
    (b) Mandatory egg product samples for Salmonella are required and 
are analyzed in Division laboratories to spot check and confirm the 
adequacy of Division approved and recognized laboratories for analyzing 
routine egg product samples for Salmonella.
    (c) Mandatory egg product samples for chlorinated hydrocarbons are 
required and are submitted by the plant inspectors on a random basis. 
These samples screen for pesticide residues and industrial chemical 
contaminants in egg products.
    (d) Samples are drawn by a USDA egg products inspector to determine 
potential adulteration. These egg product samples may be analyzed for 
extraneous material, color, color additive, pesticide, heavy metal, 
microorganism, dextrin, or other substance.
    (e) The Science and Technology Division's Eastern Laboratory shall 
conduct the majority of laboratory analyses for egg products. The 
analyses for mandatory egg product samples are performed at the 
following USDA location: USDA, AMS, Science and Technology Division, 
Eastern Laboratory, 2311-B Aberdeen Boulevard, Gastonia, NC 28054.

[58 FR 42428, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 24325, May 10, 1994; 59 
FR 50121, Sept. 30, 1994]



Sec. 94.4  Analytical methods.

    The majority of analytical methods used by the USDA laboratories to 
perform mandatory analyses for egg products are listed as follows:
    (a) Edwards, P.R. and W.H. Ewing, Edwards and Ewing's Identification 
of Enterobacteriaceae, Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 52 
Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017.
    (b) Manual of Analytical Methods for the Analysis of Pesticide 
Residues in Human and Environmental Samples, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency (EPA), Environmental Toxicology Division, Health 
Effects Research Laboratory (HERL), Alexander Drive and Highway 54, Mail 
Drop 51, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
    (c) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 
481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
    (d) Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, American 
Public Health Association, 1015 Eighteenth Street, NW., Washington, DC 
20036.
    (e) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 
American Public Health Association (APHA), the American Water Works 
Association and the Water Pollution

[[Page 285]]

Control Federation, APHA, 1015 Eighteenth Street, NW., Washington, DC 
20036.
    (f) U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical 
Manual (BAM), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, suite 400, 
2200 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201-3301.
    (g) U.S. Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Analytical Manuals 
(PAM), Volumes I and II, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department 
of Health and Human Services, 200 C Street, SW., Washington, DC 20204 
(available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal 
Road, Springfield, VA 22161).

[58 FR 42428, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51352, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 94.5  Charges for laboratory service.

    The costs for analysis of mandatory egg product samples at Science 
and Technology Division laboratories shall be paid by annually 
appropriated and designated funds allocated to the egg products 
inspection program. The costs for any other mandatory laboratory 
analyses and testing of an egg product's identity and condition, 
necessitated by the Egg Products Inspection Act, shall also be paid by 
such program funding.



              Subpart B--Voluntary Analyses of Egg Products



Sec. 94.100  General.

    Analyses for voluntary egg product samples may be requested to 
certify that specifications regarding stated identity, quality, and 
wholesomeness are met; to test routinely for the presence of Salmonella; 
and to ensure laboratory quality control with testing activities.



Sec. 94.101  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this part, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Certification sample. An egg product sample submitted by an 
applicant for chemical, physical, or microbiological analyses and tests 
at a Science and Technology Division laboratory. This voluntary sample 
is analyzed or tested by the Division's analyst or scientist to certify 
that an egg product lot meets applicable specifications for identity, 
quality, and wholesomeness.
    Surveillance sample. This is a 100 gram sample for Salmonella 
analysis that is drawn by the USDA egg product inspector from each lot 
of egg product processed at an official plant. This sample may be 
analyzed by a Science and Technology Division laboratory, or by a 
laboratory approved and recognized by the Division to analyze for 
Salmonella in egg products.
    Unofficial sample. These samples of egg products are drawn by plant 
personnel upon the request of plant management. Analyses of these 
samples are usually conducted for the plant's refractometer correlation, 
bacteriological evaluation of production techniques, or quality control 
of procedures. Official plant or Science and Technology Division 
laboratories can analyze these samples.



Sec. 94.102  Analyses available.

    A wide array of analyses for voluntary egg product samples is 
available. Voluntary egg product samples include surveillance, 
certification, and unofficial samples. The physical and chemical tests 
for voluntary egg products include analyses for total ash, fat by acid 
hydrolysis, moisture, salt, protein, beta-carotene, catalase, 
cholesterol, NEPA color, density, total solids, aflatoxin, daminozide 
and amitraz residues, BHA, BHT, alcohol, chlorinated hydrocarbon and 
fumigant residues, dextrin, heavy and light filth, glucose, glycerol and 
gums. In addition, egg products can be analyzed for high sucrose 
content, pH, heavy metals and minerals, monosodium dihydrogen phosphate, 
monosodium glutamate, nitrites, oxygen, palatability and odor, 
phosphorus, propylene glycol, SLS, and zeolex. There are also be tests 
for starch, total sugars, sugar profile, whey, standard plate count, 
direct microscopic count, Campylobacter, coliforms, presumptive 
Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, proteolytic

[[Page 286]]

count, psychrotrophic bacteria, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, thermoduric 
bacteria, and yeast with mold count.



Sec. 94.103  Analytical methods.

    The analytical methods used by the Science and Technology Division 
laboratories to perform voluntary analyses for egg products shall be the 
same as listed in Sec. 94.4.



Sec. 94.104  Fees and charges.

    (a) The fee charged for any single laboratory analysis of voluntary 
egg product samples shall be obtained from the schedules of charges in 
paragraph (a) of Sec. 91.37 of this subchapter.
    (b) The charge for any requested laboratory analysis not listed 
shall be based on the standard hourly rate specified in Sec. 91.37, 
paragraph (b).



          Subpart C--Salmonella Laboratory Recognition Program

 94.200  [Reserved]



                  Subpart D--Processed Poultry Products



Sec. 94.300  General.

    Laboratory services of processed poultry products are conducted to 
derive their analytical attributes used to determine the compliance of 
the product with applicable specifications.



Sec. 94.301  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Dark meat. Refers to the skinless and deboned drumstick, thigh, and 
back portions of poultry.
    Light meat. Refers to the skinless and deboned breast and wing 
portions of poultry.
    Poultry. Any kind of domesticated bird, including, but not limited 
to, chicken, turkey, duck, goose, pigeon, and guinea.
    Poultry product. Any ready-to-cook poultry carcass or part therefrom 
or any specified poultry food product.



Sec. 94.302  Analyses available and locations of laboratories.

    (a) The Science and Technology Division laboratories will analyze 
processed poultry products for moisture, fat, salt, protein, nitrites, 
and added citric acid.
    (b) Deboned poultry for roasting will have the individual dark meat, 
light meat, and skin portions tumbled separately in the natural juices 
prior to grinding. The skin, light meat, and dark meat portion weight 
percentages of the total product are determined. The ground skin, ground 
dark meat, and ground light meat portions will be analyzed separately 
for moisture, protein, salt, and fat. Moisture to protein ratios will be 
reported also for the individual portions of poultry.
    (c) Canned boned poultry for a variety of USDA programs will be 
tested as a total can composite of the canned product for moisture, fat, 
salt, and protein analyses. Additional poultry commodities and related 
products for specific USDA sponsored programs will be tested for 
different chemical and physical attributes.
    (d) Microbiological analyses, as the Salmonella determination, are 
available for poultry products.
    (e) The majority of analyses for processed poultry products shall be 
performed at the Science and technology Division Eastern Laboratory, as 
indicated in paragraph (e) of Sec. 94.3.



Sec. 94.303  Analytical methods.

    The analytical methods used by the USDA laboratories to perform 
analyses for processed poultry products are found in the latest edition 
of the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC

[[Page 287]]

INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 
20877-2417.

[61 FR 51352, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 94.304  Fees and charges.

    (a) The fee charged for any single laboratory analysis of processed 
poultry products shall be obtained from the schedules of charges in 
paragraph (a) of Sec. 91.37 of this subchapter.
    (b) The laboratory analyses for processed poultry products shall 
result in an additional fee, found in Table 7 of Sec. 91.37 of this 
subchapter, for sample preparation or grinding.
    (c) The charge for any requested laboratory analysis of processed 
poultry products not listed shall be based on the standard hourly rate 
specified in Sec. 91.37 (b) of this subchapter.



PART 95--[RESERVED]






PART 96--COTTONSEED SOLD OR OFFERED FOR SALE FOR CRUSHING PURPOSES (CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND UNITED STATES OFFICIAL GRADE CERTIFICATION)--Table of Contents




          Subpart A--Cottonseed Chemists--Licensing Regulations

                                  Scope

Sec.
96.1  General.

                               Definitions

96.2  Terms defined.

                      Licensed Cottonseed Chemists

96.3  Application for license as cottonseed chemist; form.
96.4  Examination of applicant.
96.5  Period of license; renewals.
96.6  Conditions in licensing.
96.7  Sustained proficiency; suspension of license of cottonseed 
          chemist.
96.8  Annual review of licensed chemist.
96.9  Fees for grading and certification.
96.10  Records of analyses; inspection of certificate recordkeeping.
96.11  Official and unofficial samples; analyses; certificate.
96.12  Unlicensed persons shall not analyze and certify the grade of 
          official samples.
96.13  Grade certificate; form.
96.14  Reports of licensed chemists.
96.15  Information of violations.
96.16  Licensed chemists; suspension or revocation of license.
96.17  Revoked license to be returned to Division.
96.18  Duplicate license.
96.19  Information on grading to be kept confidential.

                            Fees and Charges

96.20  Fee for chemist's license.
96.21  Fee for certificates to be paid by licensee to Service.
96.22  Fees for the review of grading of cottonseed.

            Subpart B--Official Cottonseed Grade Calculations

96.23  General.
96.24  Definitions, cottonseed quality analysis terms.
96.25  Determination of grade.
96.26  Determination of quantity index.
96.27  Determination of quality index.
96.28  Calculation of grades of official samples.
96.29  Analysis and certification of samples and grades.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    Source: 58 FR 42431, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



          Subpart A--Cottonseed Chemists--Licensing Regulations

                                  Scope



Sec. 96.1  General.

    Licenses are issued to chemists of laboratories involved in the 
grading of cottonseed. A chemist that has passed examinations for 
analyst proficiency and for official standards used for grading shall be 
issued a license to perform quality analyses for grade determinations of 
cottonseed.

                               Definitions



Sec. 96.2  Terms defined.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Blind check sample. A sample designated to check the routine 
analytical testing performance of the licensed

[[Page 288]]

USDA cottonseed chemist. The cottonseed is originally mixed in bulk 
quantities at a Division laboratory and packaged so that it is a 
representative portion for the samples forwarded to all chemists in a 
region under a certain number code. An oil mill representative and 
official cottonseed sampler repackage and identify the cottonseed as an 
official sample so that it would be blind or unknown as a check sample 
to the analyst.
    Commercial laboratory. A chemical laboratory operated by an 
individual, firm, or corporation in which one or more persons are 
engaged in the chemical analysis of materials for the public.
    Cotton gin. The machine or device used to separate the cotton fiber 
from the cottonseed.
    Cottonseed. The word ``cottonseed'' as used in this part means the 
seed, after having been put through the usual and customary process 
known as cotton ginning, of any cotton produced within the continental 
United States.
    Dispute. A disagreement between parties as to the true grade of a 
sample of cottonseed analyzed and graded by a licensed chemist.
    License. A license issued under the Act by the Secretary.
    Licensed cottonseed chemist. A person licensed under the Act by the 
Secretary to make quantitative and qualitative chemical analyses of 
official samples of cottonseed, according to the methods prescribed by 
the Director of the Division, and to certify the grade according to the 
official cottonseed standards of the United States.
    Licensed cottonseed sampler. A person licensed by the Secretary to 
draw and to certify the authenticity of samples of cottonseed in 
accordance with the regulations in this subpart.
    Lot. That parcel or quantity of cottonseed, offered for sale or 
tendered for delivery, or delivered on a sale or contract of sale, in 
freight cars, trucks, wagons, or otherwise in the quantities and within 
the time limits, prescribed from time to time by the Director of the AMS 
Cotton Division, for the drawing and preparation of official samples by 
licensed cottonseed samplers.
    Official cottonseed standards. The official standards of the United 
States for the grading, sampling, and analyzing of cottonseed sold or 
offered for sale for crushing purposes, established May 23, 1932, and 
amendments thereto.
    Official sample. A specimen of not less than 2 pounds of cottonseed, 
drawn and prepared by a licensed cottonseed sampler and certified as 
representative of a certain identified lot, in accordance with the 
regulations in this subpart.
    Owner. A person who through financial interest owns or controls, or 
has the disposition of either cottonseed or of samples of cottonseed.
    Society. The American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), P.O. Box 3489, 
1608 Broadmoor Drive, Champaign, IL 61826-3489.
    Supervisor of cottonseed chemists. An officer of the Science and 
Technology Division designated as such by the Director.

[58 FR 42431, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51352, Oct. 2, 1996]

                      Licensed Cottonseed Chemists



Sec. 96.3  Application for license as cottonseed chemist; form.

    (a) Application for a license to analyze and grade cottonseed shall 
be made to the Director on a form furnished for the purpose by the 
Science and Technology Division.
    (b) Each application shall be in English, shall be signed by the 
applicant, and shall contain or be accompanied by satisfactory evidence:
    (1) That the applicant is at least 25 years of age and that the 
applicant is an actual resident of the continental United States;
    (2) That the applicant holds a degree in chemistry or chemical 
engineering from a recognized college or university, and has had not 
less than 3 years practical experience in laboratory work, in which the 
applicant shall have analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively samples 
of cottonseed; or in the absence of a degree from a recognized college 
or university, that the applicant has had at least 5 years practical 
laboratory experience, 3 years of which shall have been devoted chiefly 
to the analysis of samples of cottonseed;
    (3) That the applicant has no financial interest, or is in the 
employ of anyone having a financial interest in

[[Page 289]]

any cottonseed oil mill or cotton ginning establishment;
    (4) That the applicant agrees to comply with and abide by the terms 
of the Act and these regulations so far as they may relate to him or 
her;
    (5) That the applicant is an independent analytical chemist or an 
employee of a commercial analytical laboratory; and
    (6) That the applicant owns or will have the use of all of the 
apparatus specified in the regulations, established hereunder for the 
analysis and grading of cottonseed.
    (c) Every chemist licensed hereunder to analyze cottonseed and to 
certify the grade thereof shall comply with the Society's official 
analytical test methods and other methods of analysis approved by the 
Director.
    (d) The applicant shall furnish such additional information, as the 
Director shall at any time find to be necessary, to the consideration of 
the submitted application.
    (e) Upon receipt of an incomplete or improperly executed 
application, the applicant will be notified of the deficiency in the 
application. If the application is not corrected and returned within 30 
days following the date of notification, the application will be 
considered as having been abandoned.

[58 FR 42431, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51352, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 96.4  Examination of applicant.

    Each applicant for a license as a chemist and each licensed chemist 
shall, when requested, submit to a practical examination and written 
test, to show an ability to analyze and grade cottonseed. These 
examinations can only be administered by the supervisor of cottonseed 
chemists. The chemist's failure to pass such tests may be considered 
sufficient ground for withholding the issuance of a license or of a 
renewal of a license.



Sec. 96.5  Period of license; renewals.

    The period for which a license may be issued shall be from the first 
day of August, until, and including the 31st day of July, following. 
Renewals shall be for not more than 1 year beginning with the first day 
of August of each year, provided that licenses issued on and after June 
1 of any year shall be for the period ending on July 31 of the following 
year.



Sec. 96.6  Conditions in licensing.

    (a) It shall be a condition of the licensing of any person and of 
the retention by him or her of a license, that during the active cotton 
season each year, the licensee shall be engaged in or in connection with 
the grading of cottonseed; that each cottonseed sample offered for 
grading shall be analyzed and grade certified by the licensee, in 
accordance with the official cottonseed standards of the United States; 
and that the USDA license of the cottonseed chemist shall not be used or 
be allowed to be used for any improper purpose.
    (b) A USDA licensed cottonseed chemist shall be required to 
participate in each quality assurance program and each collaborative 
study for the analytical testing of cottonseed as follows:
    (1) The licensed chemist must participate in the American Oil 
Chemists' Society (AOCS) cottonseed series which requires the testing of 
10 known cottonseed samples per year for foreign matter, moisture, free 
fatty acids, oil, and ammonia.
    (2) The licensed chemist must analyze and issue a grade for 10 blind 
cottonseed check samples per year from the Science and Technology 
Division. These blind check samples will be submitted as ``official'' 
samples.
    (3) The chemist shall participate in all collaborative cottonseed 
analytical method validation studies, initiated by the Division 
Director.
    (c) Each licensed chemist shall keep his or her license 
conspicuously posted at the place where he or she functions as a 
chemist, or in such other place as may be approved by the Division 
Director.
    (d) Each licensed chemist must pay in a timely manner an annual 
licensing renewal fee and other charges and fees assessed by the 
Division, as listed in Secs. 96.20 and 96.21. In the event the chemist 
fails to pay the annual license renewal fee by the 31st day of August, 
the chemist will be sent a written notice of

[[Page 290]]

a 7-day review by the Director for the suspension of his or her license.

[58 FR 42431, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51352, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 96.7  Sustained proficiency; suspension of license of cottonseed chemist.

    (a) Sustained proficiency in the analysis of the two check sample 
series is required to maintain a license. If a licensed chemist fails to 
perform satisfactorily during a 1 year period on either the AOCS or the 
USDA check cottonseed series, the chemist shall be placed on probation 
for 1 year, providing that the person achieves a passing score (90 or 
higher) on a retake of the proficiency examination. In the event that 
the chemist fails the examination, he or she may be subject to an 
immediate suspension of the license.
    (b) Failure to perform satisfactorily with either quality assurance 
program during a 1 year probationary period may also result in 
suspension of the license.
    (c) Pending final action by the Director to suspend a license of a 
cottonseed chemist, a written notice of such suspension shall be given 
to the respective licensee, accompanied by a statement of the reasons 
therefore. Within 7 days after receipt of notice and statement of 
reasons by a licensee, an appeal may be filed in writing with the 
Director supported by any argument or evidence as to why the license 
should not be suspended. After expiration of the 7-day period and 
consideration of such argument and evidence, the Director shall take 
such action, as deemed appropriate, with respect to a suspension.
    (d) Upon termination of service as a cottonseed chemist or 
suspension of such license, such licensee shall surrender the license 
immediately to the supervisor of the cottonseed chemists.
    (e) The minimum period of license suspension for a cottonseed 
chemist shall be 1 year, after which the chemist may reapply and be 
reexamined for a USDA license.
    (f) At the expiration of any period of suspension of such license, 
unless in the meantime it be revoked, the dates of the suspension period 
shall be endorsed thereon and returned to the licensed chemist to whom 
it was originally issued.



Sec. 96.8  Annual review of licensed chemist.

    Each licensed chemist shall be subject to an annual on-site review, 
by the supervisor of the cottonseed chemists, to assess the chemist's 
continued conformance with procedure and equipment requirements of 
official analytical test methods.



Sec. 96.9  Fees for grading and certification.

    Whenever any licensed chemist shall grade and/or certify any 
cottonseed or samples for a fee, the fee charged shall be reasonable, 
unconditional, nondiscriminatory, and shall be in accordance with a 
schedule previously submitted to and approved by the Division. The 
schedule shall include the certificate fee provided for in Sec. 96.21.



Sec. 96.10  Records of analyses; inspection of certificate recordkeeping.

    (a) Certificate recordkeeping responsibilities. The laboratory shall 
have an adequate system for the numbering and accounting of issued 
official cottonseed certificates. Provisions shall be made for 
consecutively numbering all cottonseed grade certificates issued and 
listing in a separate journal certificate numbers with the sample 
identification for accurate billing.
    (b) Retention of records for inspection. Each licensed chemist, 
shall keep, or shall cause to be kept for him or her, for a period of at 
least 3 years after date of analysis, a record of the analysis of each 
individual sample of cottonseed graded by the licensee.
    (c) Each licensed chemist shall permit any authorized officer or 
agent of the Department to inspect or examine, on any business day 
during normal business hours, books and records relating to analyses of 
cottonseed samples and issuance of cottonseed grade certificates under 
the Act and the regulations in this subpart.



Sec. 96.11  Official and unofficial samples; analyses; certificate.

    (a) Each licensed cottonseed chemist shall designate a certificate 
number from a series of assigned numbers to

[[Page 291]]

each official sample of cottonseed as received and shall analyze and 
certify over his or her signature the grade of each sample or lot of 
cottonseed in the order of its receipt.
    (b) Each such sample which is in proper condition for analysis under 
these regulations and which is accompanied by the certificate of a 
licensed cottonseed sampler certifying it to be an official sample that 
represents an identified lot of cottonseed shall be considered an 
official sample. In any case where the original sample is lost or 
destroyed before analysis, the duplicate thereof, retained by the 
licensed cottonseed sampler, as provided in Sec. 61.34 of this 
subchapter, shall become the official sample. Each licensed chemist 
shall retain for at least 2 weeks a portion of each official sample 
first analyzed; and in any case where a review is requested under 
Sec. 61.8 of this subchapter, such retained portion shall be considered 
an official sample for purposes of review analysis.
    (c) Each such sample which is: (1) Not sufficient for proper 
analysis as an official sample under these regulations, or
    (2) Not accompanied by a certificate of a licensed cottonseed 
sampler, or
    (3) Not believed to be samples of the same seed represented by an 
official sample (except duplicates or lost or destroyed official 
samples) shall be considered an unofficial sample and the licensed 
cottonseed chemist's certificate of the grade thereof shall be plainly 
marked: ``Sample not official; grade applies to sample only.'' This 
paragraph shall not apply to mill control or crush samples.



Sec. 96.12  Unlicensed persons shall not analyze and certify the grade of official samples.

    (a) No person shall in any way represent that he or she is a chemist 
licensed under the Act, unless that person holds a license issued under 
the Act. Title 18 U.S.C. 1001, Crimes and Criminal Procedures, makes it 
a criminal offense to knowingly and willfully make such false 
representations.
    (b) Only licensed chemists shall analyze and certify the grade of 
official cottonseed samples.



Sec. 96.13  Grade certificate; form.

    Each grade certificate issued under the Act by a licensed chemist 
shall be in a form, approved for the purpose by the Director and shall 
embody within its written or printed terms:
    (a) The caption ``Cottonseed Grade Certificate.''
    (b) The serial number assigned to it.
    (c) The date and place of issuance.
    (d) A statement certifying that the analysis of the cottonseed 
sample was made according to the methods approved by the Director of the 
Division and that the grade given is according to the official standards 
of the United States.
    (e) A statement of the condition of the lot of cottonseed as 
reported by the sampler, and in cases where the sample was submitted by 
a licensed sampler, the name and license number of the sampler.
    (f) The identification of each lot of cottonseed by the marks and 
notations by which the seed was identified at the time the sample was 
taken, and the origin of the cottonseed by county and State.
    (g) All analytical data required by the Director.
    (h) The signature and license number of the chemist. In addition, 
the grade certificate may include any other matter consistent with the 
Act or the regulations in this part. Two copies of the grade certificate 
form shall be submitted to and approved by the Division, before use by a 
licensed chemist. A copy of each certificate shall be mailed to a 
designated office of the Division within 36 hours after its issuance.



Sec. 96.14  Reports of licensed chemists.

    Each licensed chemist shall periodically, when requested by the 
Director, make reports on forms furnished for the purpose by the 
Division, concerning the activities as such licensed chemist.



Sec. 96.15  Information of violations.

    Whenever any person licensed under this part becomes aware of 
information relating to the violation of the Act or these regulations, 
such person shall inform the Director of the Division of the alleged 
violations.

[[Page 292]]



Sec. 96.16  Licensed chemists; suspension or revocation of license.

    The Director may, without a hearing, suspend or revoke the license 
issued to a licensed chemist upon written request and a satisfactory 
statement of reasons submitted by such licensed chemist. Pending final 
action by the Secretary, the Director may, whenever such action is 
deemed necessary, suspend or revoke the license of any licensed chemist 
when such licensed chemist:
    (a) Has ceased to perform services as such chemist;
    (b) Has knowingly or carelessly analyzed cottonseed improperly;
    (c) Has violated or evaded any provision of the Act or the 
regulations so far as they relate to the licensee;
    (d) Has used the license or allowed it to be used for any fraudulent 
or improper purposes; or
    (e) Has in any manner become incompetent or incapacitated to perform 
the duties of a licensed chemist.

In such cases the Director shall give written notice of the suspension 
or revocation to the licensed chemist, accompanied by a statement of the 
reasons therefor. Within 10 days after the receipt of the aforesaid 
notice and statement of reasons by such licensee, the individual may 
file an appeal, in writing, with the Secretary, supported by any 
argument or evidence that the licensee may wish to offer, as to why the 
license should not be suspended or revoked. After the expiration of the 
aforesaid 10-day period and consideration of such argument and evidence, 
the Secretary will take such action as is deemed appropriate with 
respect to such suspension or revocation. When no appeal is filed within 
the prescribed 10 days, the license shall be automatically suspended or 
revoked.



Sec. 96.17  Revoked license to be returned to Division.

    If a license issued to a licensed chemist is revoked, such license 
shall be returned to the Division.



Sec. 96.18  Duplicate license.

    Upon satisfactory proof of the loss or destruction of a license 
issued to a licensed chemist, a duplicate thereof may be issued under 
the same or a new number.



Sec. 96.19  Information on grading to be kept confidential.

    Every person licensed under the Act as a licensed chemist shall keep 
confidential all information secured by the licensee, relative to 
cottonseed analyzed and graded by the licensee. The licensee shall not 
disclose such information to any person, except to the owner or 
custodian of the seed in question, or to an authorized agent of the 
Department.

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 96.20  Fee for chemist's license.

    (a) The fee for the examination of an applicant for a license as a 
chemist to analyze and certify the grade of cottonseed shall be 
$1100.00.
    (b) The examination fee shall be paid at the time the application is 
filed or at a time prior to the administration of the examinations. This 
fee shall be paid regardless of the outcome of the licensing 
examinations. The examination fee shall be nonrefundable to the 
applicant; however, in the evident of death of the applicant prior to 
the examination, full payment of the fee may be returned to the 
applicant's beneficiary. If an application is filed with an insufficient 
fee, the application and fee submitted will be returned to the 
applicant.
    (c) For each renewal of a chemist's license, the fee shall be 
$275.00.



Sec. 96.21  Fee for certificates to be paid by licensee to Service.

    (a) To cover the cost of administering the regulations in this part, 
each licensed cottonseed chemist shall pay to the Service $3.00 for each 
certificate of the grade of cottonseed issued by the licensee.
    (b) Upon receipt of a statement from the Service each month, showing 
the number of certificates issued by the licensee, such licensee will 
forward the appropriate remittance in the form of a check, draft, or 
money order payable to the ``Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA.''

[[Page 293]]



Sec. 96.22  Fees for the review of grading of cottonseed.

    For the review of the grading of any lot of cottonseed, the fee 
shall be $60.00. Remittance to cover such fee, in the form of a check, 
draft, or money order payable to the ``Agricultural Marketing Service, 
USDA'' shall accompany each application for review. For each such fee 
collected, $20.00 shall be disbursed to each of the two licensed 
chemists designated to make reanalysis of such seed.



            Subpart B--Official Cottonseed Grade Calculations



Sec. 96.23  General.

    Using methods prescribed by the Science and Technology Division, the 
licensed cottonseed chemist makes quantitative and qualitative chemical 
analyses, certificating the grade according to the official cottonseed 
standards of the United States.



Sec. 96.24  Definitions, cottonseed quality analysis terms.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Cottonseed quality analysis. In determining the quality of 
cottonseed, testing is performed by licensed chemists for total 
composition of oil, ammonia, moisture, free fatty acids, and foreign 
matter. These individual analytical factors of cottonseed samples are 
combined to form indexes of quantity and quality, which in turn are used 
to determine the official grade of cottonseed, in accordance with the 
United States Official Standards for Grades.
    Foreign matter. The foreign matter in cottonseed includes boll 
portions, sand, dirt, stones or gravel, hulls, leaves, stems, unginned 
locks of cotton, lint cotton, immature seeds, and any noncotton 
extraneous material.
    Official grade. The official grade is the product of the quantity 
index times the quality index, and it is determined by a representative 
official sample of cottonseed, graded by a licensed chemist under the 
supervision of the United States Department of Agriculture. The base 
grade for cottonseed is 100.0.
    Quality index. The quality index measures the deterioration of 
cottonseed in oil and meal and takes into account the excesses of 
moisture, foreign matter and free fatty acids.
    Quantity index. The quantity index measures the oil and cake or meal 
in the cottonseed and takes into account variations in the quantity of 
oil and ammonia.



Sec. 96.25  Determination of grade.

    The grade of cottonseed shall be determined from the analysis of 
samples, and it shall be the result, stated in the nearest whole or half 
numbers, obtained by multiplying a quantity index by a quality index and 
dividing the result by 100. The quantity index and the quality index 
shall be determined as hereinafter provided.
    (a) The basis grade of cottonseed shall be grade 100.
    (b) High grades of cottonseed shall be those grades above 100.
    (c) Low grades of cottonseed shall be those grades below 100.
    (d) Grades for American Pima cottonseed shall be suffixed by the 
designation ``American Pima'' or by the symbol ``AP.''



Sec. 96.26  Determination of quantity index.

    The quantity index of cottonseed shall be determined as follows:
    (a) For Upland cottonseed, the quantity index shall equal four times 
the percentage of oil, plus six times the percentage of ammonia, plus 
five.
    (b) For American Pima cottonseed, the quantity index shall equal 
four times the percentage of oil, plus six times the percentage of 
ammonia, minus ten.



Sec. 96.27  Determination of quality index.

    The quality index of cottonseed shall be an index of purity and 
soundness, and shall be determined as follows:
    (a) Prime quality cottonseed. Cottonseed, that by analysis, contains 
not more than 1.0 percent of foreign matter, not more than 12.0 percent 
of moisture, and not more than 1.8 percent of

[[Page 294]]

free fatty acids in the oil in the seed, shall be known as prime quality 
cottonseed and shall have a quality index of 100.
    (b) Below prime quality cottonseed. The quality index of cottonseed 
that, by analysis, contains foreign matter, moisture, or free fatty 
acids in the oil in the seed, in excess of the percentages prescribed in 
paragraph (a) of this section, shall be found by reducing the quality 
index of prime quality cottonseed as follows:
    (1) Four-tenths of a unit for each 0.1 percent of free fatty acids 
in the oil, in the seed, in excess of 1.8 percent.
    (2) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of foreign matter in 
excess of 1.0 percent.
    (3) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of moisture in excess 
of 12.0 percent.
    (c) Off quality cottonseed. Cottonseed that has been treated by 
either mechanical or chemical process other than the usual cleaning, 
drying, and ginning (except sterilization required by the United States 
Department of Agriculture for quarantine purposes) or that are fermented 
or hot, or that upon analysis are found to contain 12.5 percent or more 
of free fatty acids, in the oil, in the seed, or more than 10.0 percent 
of foreign matter, or more than 20.0 percent of moisture, or more than 
25.0 percent of moisture and foreign matter combined, shall be 
designated as ``off quality cottonseed.''
    (d) Below grade cottonseed. Cottonseed, the grade of which, when 
calculated according to Sec. 96.25 is below grade 40.0, shall be 
designated as ``below grade cottonseed,'' and a numerical grade shall 
not be indicated.



Sec. 96.28  Calculation of grades of official samples.

    (a) Data on certificates of official cottonseed analyses shall be 
expressed as follows:

Foreign Matter to--0.1 percent
Oil to--0.1 percent
Ammonia to--0.01 percent
Free Fatty Acid, when 5% or under, to--0.1 percent
Free Fatty Acid, when over 5%, to--0.5 percent
Quantity Index to--0.01 percent
Quality Index to--0.1 percent

    (b) Grade to whole or half units, whichever actual calculation is 
nearest shall be determined as follows:
    (1) The calculation of grades shall be made by the method of 
disregarding the figures to the right of the second decimal place.
    (2) Calculated grades ending with .2500 through .7499 will be 
considered to be in the .25 through .74 range, and will be reported to 
the nearest half grade.
    (3) Calculated grades ending with .7500 through .2499 will be 
considered to be in the .75 through .24 range, and will be reported to 
the nearest whole grade.



Sec. 96.29  Analysis and certification of samples and grades.

    The certification of samples of cottonseed, and the analysis and 
certification of grades of cottonseed shall be performed in accordance 
with methods, approved from time to time for the purposes by the 
Director, or a designated representative.



PART 97--PLANT VARIETY AND PROTECTION--Table of Contents




                                  Scope

Sec.
97.1  General.

                               Definitions

97.2  Meaning of words.

                             Administration

97.3  Plant Variety Protection Board.

                             The Application

 97.5  General requirements.
97.6  Application for certificate.
97.7  [Reserved]
97.8  Specimen requirements.
97.9  Drawings and photographs.
97.10  Parts of an application to be filed together.
97.11  Application accepted and filed when received.
97.12  Number and filing date of an application.
97.13  When the owner is deceased or legally incapacitated.
97.14  Joint applicants.
97.15  Assigned varieties and certificates.
97.16  Amendment by applicant.
97.17  Papers of completed application to be retained.
97.18  Applications handled in confidence.
97.19  Publication of pending applications.

[[Page 295]]

97.20  Abandonment for failure to respond within the time limit.
97.21  Extension of time for a reply.
97.22  Revival of an application abandoned for failure to reply.
97.23  Voluntary withdrawal and abandonment of an application.
97.24  Assignee.

                  Examinations, Allowances, and Denials

97.100  Examination of applications.
97.101  Notice of allowance.
97.102   Amendments after allowance.
97.103  Issuance of a certificate.
97.104  Application or certificate abandoned.
97.105  Denial of an application.
97.106  Reply by applicant; request for reconsideration.
97.107  Reconsideration and final action.
97.108  Amendments after final action.

                   Correction of Errors in Certificate

97.120  Corrected certificate--office mistake.
97.121  Corrected certificate--applicant's mistake.

                        Reissuance of Certificate

97.122  Certified seed only election.

                        Assignments and Recording

97.130  Recording of assignments.
97.131  Conditional assignments.
97.132  Assignment records open to public inspection.

                     Marking or Labeling Provisions

97.140  After filing.
97.141  After issuance.
97.142  For testing or increase.
97.143  Certified seed only.
97.144  Additional marking or labeling.

                          Attorneys and Agents

97.150  Right to be represented.
97.151  Authorization.
97.152  Revocation of authorization; withdrawal.
97.153  Persons recognized.
97.154  Government employees.
97.155  Signatures.
97.156  Addresses.
97.157  Professional conduct.
97.158  Advertising.

                            Fees and charges

97.175  Fees and charges.
97.176  Fees payable in advance.
97.177  Method of payment.
97.178  Refunds.
97.179  Copies and certified copies.

                     Availability of Office Records

97.190  When open records are available.

                           Protest Proceedings

97.200  Protests to the grant of a certificate.
97.201  Protest proceedings.

                            Priority Contest

97.205  Definition; when declared.
97.206  Preparation for priority contest between applicants.
97.207  Preparation of priority papers and declaration of priority 
          contest.
97.208   Burden of proof.
97.209  Preliminary statement on novel variety developed in the United 
          States.
97.210  Preliminary statement on novel variety developed in a foreign 
          country.
97.211  Statements sealed before filing.
97.212  Correction of a statement on motion.
97.213  Failure to file statements.
97.214  Access to preliminary statements.
97.215  Dissolution at the request of the Commissioner.
97.216  Concession; abandonment.
97.217  Affidavits and exhibits.
97.218  Matters considered in determining a priority.
97.219  Recommendation by the Commissioner.
97.220  Decision by the Commissioner.
97.221  Status of claims of defeated applicant.
97.222  Second priority contest.

                         Appeal to the Secretary

97.300  Petition to the Secretary.
97.301  Commissioner's answer.
97.302  Decision by the Secretary.
97.303  Action following the decision.

     General Procedures in Priority, Protest, or Appeal Proceedings

97.400  Extensions of time.
97.401  Miscellaneous provisions.
97.402  Service of papers.
97.403  Manner of service.

                      Review of Decisions by Court

97.500  Appeal to U.S. courts.

                      Cease and Desist Proceedings

97.600  Rules of practice.

                         Public Use Declaration

97.700  Public interest in wide usage.

                               Publication

97.800  Publication of public variety descriptions.

    Authority: Plant Variety Protection Act, as amended, 7 U.S.C. 2321 
et seq.; and Sec. 14, Plant Variety Protection Act amendments of 1994, 7 
U.S.C. 2401 note.

    Source: 58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.

[[Page 296]]

                                  Scope



Sec. 97.1  General.

    Certificates of protection are issued by the Plant Variety 
Protection office for new, distinct, uniform, and stable varieties of 
sexually reproduced or tubor propagated plants. Each certificate of 
plant variety protection certifies that the breeder has the right, 
during the term of the protection, to prevent others from selling the 
variety, offering it for sale, reproducing it, importing or exporting 
it, conditioning it, stocking it, or using it in producing a hybrid or 
different variety from it, as provided by the Act.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]

                               Definitions



Sec. 97.2  Meaning of words.

    Words used in the regulations in this part in the singular form will 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. The 
definitions of terms contained in the Act shall apply to such terms when 
used in this part. As used throughout the regulations in this part, 
unless the context requires otherwise, the following terms will be 
construed to mean:
    Abandoned application. An application which has not been pursued to 
completion within the time allowed by the Office or has been voluntarily 
abandoned.
    Act. The Plant Variety Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 2321 et seq.).
    Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or any other officer or 
employee of the Department of Agriculture to whom authority has 
heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may hereafter be 
delegated, to act in his or her stead.
    Applicant. The person who applied for a certificate of plant variety 
protection.
    Application. An application for plant variety protection under the 
Act.
    Assignee. A person to whom an owner assigns his/her rights in whole 
or in part.
    Board. The Plant Variety Protection Board appointed by the 
Secretary.
    Certificate. A certificate of plant variety protection issued under 
the Act by the Office.
    Certified seed. Seed which has been determined by an official seed 
certifying agency to conform to standards of genetic purity and identity 
as to variety, which standards have been approved by the Secretary.
    Commissioner. The Examiner in Chief of the Office.
    Decision and order. Includes the Secretary's findings of fact; 
conclusions with respect to all material issues of fact and law, as well 
as the reasons or basis therefor; and order.
    Examiner. An employee of the Plant Variety Protection Office who 
determines whether a certificate is entitled to be issued. The term 
shall, in all cases, include the Commissioner.
    Foreign application. An application for plant variety protection 
filed in a foreign country.
    Hearing Clerk. The Hearing Clerk, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 
Washington, DC.
    Hearing Officer. An Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, or other officer or employee of the Department of 
Agriculture, duly assigned to preside at a hearing held pursuant to the 
rules of this part.
    Office or Plant Variety Protection Office. The Plant Variety 
Protection Office, Science and Technology Division, AMS, USDA.
    Official Journal. The ``Official Journal of the Plant Variety 
Protection Office.''
    Owner. A breeder who developed or discovered a variety for which 
plant variety protection may be applied for under the Act, or a person 
to whom the rights to such variety have been assigned or transferred.
    Person. An individual, partnership, corporation, association, 
government agency, or other business or governmental entity.
    Secretary. The Secretary of Agriculture of the United States or any 
other officer or employee of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, to whom 
authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority may 
hereafter be delegated to act in his or her stead.

[[Page 297]]

    Seed certifying agency. It shall be defined as set forth in the 
Federal Seed Act (53 Stat. 1275).
    Sale for other than seed purposes. The transfer of title to and 
possession of the seed by the owner to a grower or other person, for 
reproduction for the owner, for testing, or for experimental use, and 
not for commercial sale of the seed or the reproduced seed for planting 
purposes.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]

                             Administration



Sec. 97.3  Plant Variety Protection Board.

    (a) The Plant Variety Protection Board shall consist of 14 members 
appointed for a 2-year term. The Board shall be appointed every 2 years 
and shall consist of individuals who are experts in various areas of 
varietal development. The membership of the Board, which shall include 
farmer representation, shall be drawn approximately equally from the 
private or seed industry sector and from the government or public 
sector. No member shall be eligible to act on any matter involving any 
appeal or questions under section 44 of the Act, in which the member or 
his or her employer has a direct financial interest.
    (b) The functions of the Board are to:
    (1) Advise the Secretary concerning adoption of rules and 
regulations to facilitate the proper administration of the Act;
    (2) Make advisory decisions on all appeals from the examiner or 
Commissioner;
    (3) Advise the Secretary on the declaration of a protected variety 
open to use in the public interest; and
    (4) Advise the Secretary on any other matters under the regulations 
in this part.
    (c) The proceedings of the Board shall be conducted in accordance 
with the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Administrative Regulations of 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture (7 CFR part 25), and such additional 
operating procedures as are adopted by members of the Board.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]

                             The Application



Sec. 97.5  General requirements.

    (a) Protection under the Act shall be afforded only as follows:
    (1) Nationals and residents of the United States shall be eligible 
to receive all of the protection under the Act.
    (2) Nationals and residents of Member States of the International 
Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (including states 
which are members of an intergovernmental organization which is a UPOV 
member) shall be eligible to receive the same protection under the Act 
as is provided to nationals of the United States.
    (3) Persons who are not entitled to protection under paragraph 
(a)(1) or (2) of this section, and who are nationals of a foreign state 
which is not a member of the International Union for the Protection of 
New Varieties of Plants, shall be entitled to only so much of the 
protection provided under the Act, as is afforded by such foreign state 
to nationals of the United States, for the same genus and species under 
the laws of such foreign state in effect at the time that the 
application for protection under the Act is filed, except where further 
protection under the Act must be provided in order to avoid the 
violation of a treaty to which the United States is a party.
    (b) Applications for certificates shall be made to the Plant Variety 
Protection Office. An application shall consist of:
    (1) A completed application form, except that the section specifying 
that seed of the variety shall be sold by variety name only, as a class 
of certified seed, need not be completed at the time of application.
    (2) A completed set of the exhibits, as specified in the application 
form, unless the examiner waives submission of certain exhibits as 
unnecessary, based on other claims and evidence presented in connection 
with the application.
    (3) Language and legibility: (i) Applications and exhibits must be 
in the English language and legibly written, typed or printed.
    (ii) Any interlineation, erasure, cancellation, or other alteration 
must be

[[Page 298]]

made in permanent ink before the application is signed and shall be 
clearly initialed and dated by the applicant to indicate knowledge of 
such fact at the time of signing.
    (4) To determine the extent of reciprocity of the protection to be 
provided under the Act, persons filing an application for plant variety 
protection in the United States under the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) 
of this section shall, upon request 1, furnish the Plant Variety 
Protection Office with a copy of the current plant variety protection 
laws and regulations for the country of which the applicant is a 
national, and an accurate English translation of such laws and 
regulations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1 \Copies and translations of foreign laws and regulations will be 
requested only if they are not in the files of the Plant Variety 
Protection Office. Applicants may learn whether such a request will be 
made by writing to the address given in paragraph (c) of this section.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Application and exhibit forms shall be issued by the 
Commissioner. (Copies of the forms may be obtained from the Plant 
Variety Protection Office, Science and Technology Division, AMS, USDA, 
room 500, National Agricultural Library Building, Beltsville, Maryland 
20705.)
    (d) Effective the date of these regulations and rules of practice, 
the signature of the applicant, or his or her agent or attorney on any 
affidavit or other statement filed pursuant to these regulations and 
rules constitutes a certification by the applicant. The signature 
certifies that all information relied on in any affidavit or statement 
filed in the course of the proceeding is knowingly correct and false 
claims have not been made to mislead.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.6  Application for certificate.

    (a) An application for a plant variety protection certificate shall 
be signed by, or on behalf, of the applicant.
    (b) The application shall state the full name, including the full 
first name and the middle initial or name, if any, and the capacity of 
the person executing it.
    (c) The fees for filing an application, and search or examination, 
shall be submitted with the application in accordance with Secs. 97.175 
through 97.178.
    (d) The applicant shall submit with the application:
    (1) At least 2,500 seeds of the viable basic seed required to 
reproduce the variety;
    (2) With the application for a tuber propagated variety, 
verification that a viable cell culture has been deposited in a public 
depository approved by the Commissioner and will be maintained for the 
duration of the certificate; or
    (3) With the application for a hybrid from self-incompatible 
parents, verification that a plot of vegetative material for each parent 
has been established in a public depository approved by the Commissioner 
and will be maintained for the duration of the certificate.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.7  [Reserved]



Sec. 97.8  Specimen requirements.

    (a) The applicant may be required by the examiner to furnish 
representative specimens of the variety, or its flower, fruit, or seeds, 
in a quantity and at a specified stage of growth, as may be necessary to 
verify the statements in the application. Such specimens shall be packed 
and forwarded in conformity with instructions furnished by the examiner. 
If the applicant requests the examiner to inspect plants in the field 
before a final decision is made, all such inspection costs shall be 
borne by the applicant by payment of fees sufficient to reimburse the 
Office for all costs, including travel, per diem or subsistence, and 
salary.
    (b) Plant specimens submitted in support of an application shall not 
be removed from the Office except by an employee of the Office or other 
person authorized by the Secretary.
    (c) Plant specimens submitted to the Office shall, except as 
provided below, and upon request, be returned to the applicant at his or 
her expense after the specimens have served their intended purpose. The 
Commissioner,

[[Page 299]]

upon a finding of good cause, may require that certain specimens be 
retained in the Office for indefinite periods of time. Specimens which 
are not returned or not retained as provided above shall be destroyed.



Sec. 97.9  Drawings and photographs.

    (a) Drawings or photographs submitted with an application shall 
disclose the distinctive characteristics of the variety.
    (b) Drawings or photographs shall be in color when color is a 
distinguishing characteristic of the variety, and the color shall be 
described by use of Nickerson's or other recognized color chart.
    (c) Drawings should be sent flat, or may be sent in a suitable 
mailing tube, in accordance with instructions furnished by the 
Commissioner.
    (d) Drawings or photographs submitted with an application shall be 
retained by the Office as part of the application file.



Sec. 97.10  Parts of an application to be filed together.

    All parts of an application, including exhibits, should be submitted 
to the Office together, otherwise, each part shall be accurately and 
clearly referenced to the application.



Sec. 97.11  Application accepted and filed when received.

    (a) An application, if materially complete when initially submitted, 
shall be accepted and filed to await examination.
    (b) If any part of an application is so incomplete, or so defective 
that it cannot be handled as a completed application for examination, as 
determined by the Commissioner, the applicant will be notified. The 
application will be held a maximum of 3 months for completion. 
Applications not completed at the end of the prescribed period will be 
considered abandoned. The application fee in such cases will not be 
refunded.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.12  Number and filing date of an application.

    (a) Applications shall be numbered and dated in sequence in the 
order received in the Office. Applicants will be informed in writing as 
soon as practicable of the number and effective filing date of the 
application.
    (b) An applicant may claim the benefit of the filing date of a prior 
foreign application in accordance with section 55 of the Act. A 
certified copy of the foreign application shall be filed upon request 
made by the examiner. If a foreign application is not in the English 
language, an English translation, certified as accurate by a sworn or 
official translator, shall be submitted with the application.



Sec. 97.13  When the owner is deceased or legally incapacitated.

    In case of the death of the owner or if the owner is legally 
incapacitated, the legal representative (executor, administrator, or 
guardian) or heir or assignee of the deceased owner may sign as the 
applicant. If an applicant dies between the filing of his or her 
application and the granting of a certificate thereon, the certificate 
may be issued to the legal representative, heir, or assignee, upon 
proper intervention.



Sec. 97.14  Joint applicants.

    (a) Joint owners shall file a joint application by signing as joint 
applicants.
    (b) If an application for certificate is made by two or more persons 
as joint owners, when they were not in fact joint owners, the 
application shall be amended prior to issuance of a certificate by 
filing a corrected application, together with a written explanation 
signed by the original applicants. Such statement shall also be signed 
by the assignee, if any.
    (c) If an application has been made by less than all the actual 
joint owners, the application shall be amended by filing a corrected 
application, together with a written explanation, signed by all of the 
joint owners. Such statement shall also be signed by the assignee, if 
any.
    (d) If a joint owner refuses to join in an application or cannot be 
found after diligent effort, the remaining owner may file an application 
on behalf of him or herself and the missing owner. Such application 
shall be accompanied by a written explanation and shall state the last 
known address of the

[[Page 300]]

missing owner. Notice of the filing of the application shall be 
forwarded by the Office to the missing owner at the last known address. 
If such notice is returned to the Office undelivered, or if the address 
of the missing owner is unknown, notice of the filing of the application 
shall be published once in the Official Journal. Prior to the issuance 
of the certificate, a missing owner may join in an application by filing 
a written explanation. A certificate obtained by less than all of the 
joint owners under this paragraph conveys the same rights and privileges 
to said owners as though all of the original owners had joined in an 
application.



Sec. 97.15  Assigned varieties and certificates.

    In case the whole or a part interest in a variety is assigned, the 
application shall be made by the owner or one of the persons identified 
in Sec. 97.13. However, the certificate may be issued to the assignee, 
or jointly to the owner and the assignee, when a part interest in a 
variety is assigned.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.16  Amendment by applicant.

    An application may be amended before or after the first examination 
and action by the Office, after the second or subsequent examination or 
reconsideration as specified in Sec. 97.107, or when and as specifically 
required by the examiner. Such amendment may include a specification 
that seed of the variety be sold by variety name only as a class of 
certified seed, if not previously specified or if previously declined. 
Once an affirmative specification is made, no amendment to reverse such 
a specification will be permitted unless the variety has not been sold 
and labeled or publication made in any manner that the variety is to be 
sold by variety name, only as a class of certified seed.



Sec. 97.17  Papers of completed application to be retained.

    The papers submitted with a completed application shall be retained 
by the Office except as provided in Sec. 97.23(c). After issuance of a 
certificate of protection the Office will furnish copies of the 
application and related papers to any person upon payment of the 
specified fee.



Sec. 97.18  Applications handled in confidence.

    (a) Pending applications shall be handled in confidence. Except as 
provided below, no information may be given by the Office respecting the 
filing of an application, the pendency of any particular application, or 
the subject matter of any particular application. Also, nor will access 
be given to or copies furnished of any pending application or papers 
relating thereto, without written authority of the applicant, or his or 
her assignee or attorney or agent. Exceptions to the above may be made 
by the Commissioner in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552 and Sec. 1.4 of this 
title, and upon a finding that such action is necessary to the proper 
conduct of the affairs of the Office, or to carry out the provisions of 
any Act of Congress, or as provided in sections 56 or 57 of the Act and 
Sec. 97.19.
    (b) Abandoned applications shall not be open to public inspection. 
However, if an abandoned application is directly referred to in an 
issued certificate and is available, it may be inspected or copies 
obtained by any person on written request, and with written authority 
received from the applicant. Abandoned applications shall not be 
returned.
    (c) Decisions of the Commissioner on abandoned applications not 
otherwise open to public inspection (see paragraph (b) of this section) 
may be published or made available for publication at the Commissioner's 
discretion. When it is proposed to release such a decision, the 
applicant shall be notified directly or through the attorney or agent of 
record, and a time, not less than 30 days, shall be set for presenting 
objections.



Sec. 97.19  Publication of pending applications.

    Information relating to pending applications shall be published in 
the Official Journal periodically as determined by the Commissioner to 
be necessary in the public interest. With respect to each application, 
the Official Journal shall show:

[[Page 301]]

    (a) Application number and date of filing;
    (b) The name of the variety or temporary designation;
    (c) The name of the kind of seed; and
    (d) Whether the applicant specified that the variety is to be sold 
by variety name only as a class of certified seed, together with a 
limitation in the number of generations that it can be certified.

Additional information, such as the name and address of the applicant or 
a brief description of the distinctive features of the variety, may be 
published only upon request or approval received from the applicant, at 
the time the application is filed or at any time before the notice of 
allowance of a certificate is issued.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.20  Abandonment for failure to respond within the time limit.

    (a) Except as otherwise provided in Sec. 97.104, if an applicant 
fails to advance actively his or her application within 30 days after 
the date when the last request for action was mailed to the applicant by 
the Office, or within such longer time as may be fixed by the 
Commissioner, the application shall be deemed abandoned. The application 
fee in such cases will not be refunded.
    (b) The submission of an amendment to the application, not 
responsive to the last request by the Office for action, and any 
proceedings relative thereto, shall not operate to save the application 
from abandonment.
    (c) When the applicant makes a bona fide attempt to advance the 
application, and is in substantial compliance with the request for 
action, but has inadvertently failed to comply with some procedural 
requirement, opportunity to comply with the procedural requirement shall 
be given to the applicant before the application shall be deemed 
abandoned. The Commissioner may set a period, not less than 30 days, to 
correct any deficiency in the application.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.21  Extension of time for a reply.

    The time for reply by an applicant to a request by the Office for 
certain action, shall be extended by the Commissioner only for good and 
sufficient cause, and for a specified reasonable time. A request for 
extension and appropriate fee shall be filed on or before the specified 
time for reply. In no case shall the mere filing of a request for 
extension require the granting of an extension or state the time for 
reply.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.22  Revival of an application abandoned for failure to reply.

    An application abandoned for failure on the part of the applicant to 
advance actively his or her application to its completion, in accordance 
with the regulations in this part, may be revived as a pending 
application within 3 months of such abandonment, upon a finding by the 
Commissioner that the failure was inadvertent or unavoidable and without 
fraudulent intent. A request to revive an abandoned application shall be 
accompanied by a written statement showing the cause of the failure to 
respond, a response to the last request for action, and by the specified 
fee.



Sec. 97.23  Voluntary withdrawal and abandonment of an application.

    (a) An application may be voluntarily withdrawn or abandoned by 
submitting to the Office a written request for withdrawal or 
abandonment, signed by the applicant or his or her attorney or agent of 
record, if any, or the assignee of record, if any.
    (b) An application which has been voluntarily abandoned may be 
revived within 3 months of such abandonment by the payment of the 
prescribed fee and a showing that the abandonment occurred without 
fraudulent intent.
    (c) An original application which has been voluntarily withdrawn 
shall be returned to the applicant and may be reconsidered only by 
refiling and payment of a new application fee.
    (d) Transitional provision. An applicant whose application is 
pending on April 4, 1995, may notify the Plant Variety Protection Office 
in writing that

[[Page 302]]

he or she wishes to withdraw the application and refile it under the 
Plant Variety Protection Act as amended in 1994. Payment of the current 
application fee is required but no other formalities are necessary.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.24  Assignee.

    The assignee of record of the entire interest in an application is 
entitled to advance actively or abandon the application to the exclusion 
of the applicant.

                  Examinations, Allowances, and Denials



Sec. 97.100  Examination of applications.

    (a) [Reserved]
    (b) Examinations of applications shall include a review of all 
available documents, publications, or other material relating to 
varieties of the species involved in the application, except that if 
there are fundamental defects in the application, as determined by the 
examiner, the examination may be limited to an identification of such 
defects and notification to the applicant of needed corrective action. 
However, matters of form or procedure need not, but may, be raised by an 
examiner until a variety is found to be new, distinct, uniform, and 
stable and entitled to protection.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.101  Notice of allowance.

    If, on examination, it shall appear that the applicant is entitled 
to a certificate, a notice of allowance shall be sent to the applicant 
or his or her attorney or agent of record, if any, calling for the 
payment of the prescribed fee, which fee shall be paid within 1 month 
from the date of the notice of allowance. Thereafter, a fee for delayed 
payment shall be made as required under Sec. 97.175.



Sec. 97.102  Amendments after allowance.

    Amendments to the application, after the notice of allowance is 
issued, may be made, if the certificate has not been issued.



Sec. 97.103  Issuance of a certificate.

    (a) After the notice of allowance has been issued, the prescribed 
fee is received by the Office, and the applicant has clearly specified 
whether or not the variety shall be sold by variety name only as a class 
of certified seed, the certificate shall be promptly issued. Once an 
election is made and a certificate issued specifying that seed of the 
variety shall be sold by variety name only as a class of certified seed, 
no waiver of such rights shall be permitted by amendment of the 
certificate.
    (b) The certificate shall be delivered or mailed to the owner.



Sec. 97.104  Application or certificate abandoned.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, if the fee 
specified in the notice of allowance is not paid within 1 month from the 
date of the notice, the application shall be considered abandoned.
    (b) Upon request by the Office, the owner shall replenish the viable 
basic seed sample of the variety. Upon request, the sample of seed which 
has been replaced shall be returned to the owner, otherwise it shall be 
destroyed. Failure to replenish viable basic seed within 3 months from 
the date of request shall result in the certificate being regarded as 
abandoned. No sooner than 1 year after the date of such request, notices 
of abandoned certificates shall be published in the Official Journal, 
indicating that the variety has become open for use by the public and, 
if previously specified to be sold by variety name as ``certified seed 
only,'' that such restriction no longer applies.
    (c) If the allowance fee, the viable basic seed sample or the fee 
for delayed payment are submitted within 9 months of the final due date, 
it may be accepted by the Commissioner as though no abandonment had 
occurred. For good cause, the Commissioner may extend for a reasonable 
time the period for submitting a viable basic seed sample before 
declaring the certificate abandoned.
    (d) A certificate may be voluntarily abandoned by the applicant or 
his or her attorney or agent of record or the assignee of record by 
notifying the

[[Page 303]]

Commissioner in writing. Upon receipt of such notice, the Commissioner 
shall publish a notice in the Official Journal that the variety has 
become open for use by the public, and if previously specified to be 
sold by variety name as ``certified seed only,'' that such restriction 
no longer applies.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.105  Denial of an application.

    (a) If the variety is found by the examiner to be not new, distinct, 
uniform, and stable, the application shall be denied.
    (b) In denying an application, the examiner shall cite the reasons 
the application was denied. When a reason involves the citation of 
certain material which is complex, the particular part of the material 
relied on shall be designated as nearly as practicable. The pertinence 
of each reason, if not obvious, shall be clearly explained.
    (c) If prior domestic certificates are cited as a reason for denial, 
their numbers and dates and the names of the owners shall be stated. If 
prior foreign certificates or rights are cited, as a reason for denial, 
their nationality or country, numbers and dates, and the names of the 
owners shall be stated, and such other data shall be furnished, as may 
be necessary to enable the applicant to identify the cited certificates 
or rights.
    (d) If printed publications are cited as a reason for denial, the 
author (if any), title, date, pages or plates, and places of 
publication, or place where a copy can be found shall be given.
    (e) When a denial is based on facts known to the examiner, and upon 
request by the applicant, the denial shall be supported by the affidavit 
of the examiner. Such affidavit shall be subject to contradiction or 
explanation by the affidavits of the applicant and other persons.
    (f) Abandoned applications may not be cited as reasons for denial.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17189, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.106  Reply by applicant; request for reconsideration.

    (a) After an adverse action by the examiner, the applicant may 
respond to the denial and may request a reconsideration, with or without 
amendment of his or her application. Any amendment shall be responsive 
to the reason or reasons for denial specified by the examiner.
    (b) To obtain a reconsideration, the applicant shall submit a 
request for reconsideration in writing and shall specifically point out 
the alleged errors in the examiner's action. The applicant shall respond 
to each reason cited by the examiner as the basis for the adverse 
action. A request for reconsideration of a denial based on a faulty form 
or procedure may be held in abeyance by the Commissioner until the 
question of the variety being new, distinct, uniform, and stable is 
settled.
    (c) An applicant's request for a reconsideration must be a bona fide 
attempt to advance the case to final action. A general allegation by the 
applicant that certain language which he or she cites in the application 
or amendment thereto establishes the variety is new, distinct, uniform, 
and stable without specifically explaining how the language 
distinguishes the alleged new, distinct, uniform, and stable variety 
from the material cited by the examiner shall not be grounds for a 
reconsideration.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.107  Reconsideration and final action.

    If, upon reconsideration, the application is denied by the 
Commissioner, the applicant shall be notified by the Commissioner of the 
reason or reasons for denial in the same manner as after the first 
examination. Any such denial shall be final unless appealed by the 
applicant to the Secretary within 60 days from the date of denial, in 
accordance with Secs. 97.300-97.303. If the denial is sustained by the 
Secretary on appeal, the denial shall be final subject to appeal to the 
courts, as provided in Sec. 97.500.

[[Page 304]]



Sec. 97.108  Amendments after final action.

    (a) After a final denial by the Commissioner, amendments to the 
application may be made to overcome the reason or reasons for denial. 
The acceptance or refusal of any such amendment by the Office and any 
proceedings relative thereto shall not relieve the applicant from the 
time limit set for an appeal or an abandonment for failure to reply.
    (b) No amendment of the application can be made in an appeal 
proceeding. After decision on appeal, amendments can only be made to 
carry into effect a recommendation under Sec. 97.302(b).

                   Correction of Errors in Certificate



Sec. 97.120  Corrected certificate--office mistake.

    When a certificate is incorrect because of a mistake in the Office, 
the Commissioner may issue a corrected certificate stating the fact and 
nature of such mistake, under seal, without charge, to be issued to the 
owner and recorded in the records at the Office.



Sec. 97.121  Corrected certificate--applicant's mistake.

    When a certificate is incorrect because of a mistake by the 
applicant of a clerical or typographical nature, or of minor character, 
or in the description of the variety (including, but not limited to, the 
use of a misleading variety name or a name assigned to a different 
variety of the same species), and the mistake is found by the 
Commissioner to have occurred in good faith and does not require a 
further examination, the Commissioner may, upon payment of the required 
fee and return of the original certificate, correct the certificate by 
issuing a corrected certificate, in accordance with section 85 of the 
Act. If the mistake requires a reexamination, a correction of the 
certificate shall be dependent on the results of the reexamination.

                        Reissuance of Certificate



Sec. 97.122  Certified seed only election.

    When an owner elects after a certificate is issued to sell the 
protected variety by variety name only as a class of certified seed, a 
new certificate may be issued upon return of the original certificate to 
the Office and payment of the appropriate fee.

                        Assignments and Recording



Sec. 97.130  Recording of assignments.

    (a) Any assignment of an application for a certificate, or of a 
certificate of plant variety protection, or of any interest in a 
variety, or any license or grant and conveyance of any right to use of 
the variety, may be submitted for recording in the Office in accordance 
with section 101 of the Act (7 U.S.C. 2531).
    (b) No instrument shall be recorded which is not in the English 
language or which does not identify the certificate or application to 
which it relates.
    (c) An instrument relating to title of a certificate shall identify 
the certificate by number and date, the name of the owner, and the name 
of the variety as stated in the certificate. An instrument relating to 
title of an application shall identify an application by number and date 
of filing, the name of the owner, and the name of the variety as stated 
in the application.
    (d) If an assignment is executed concurrently or subsequent to the 
filing of an application, but before its number and filing date are 
ascertained, the assignment shall identify the application by the date 
of the application, the name of the owner, and the name of the variety.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.131  Conditional assignments.

    Assignments recorded in the Office are regarded as absolute 
assignments for Office purposes until canceled in writing by both 
parties to the assignment or by a decree of a court of competent 
jurisdiction. The Office shall not determine whether conditions 
precedent to the assignment, such as the payment of money, have been 
fulfilled.



Sec. 97.132   Assignment records open to public inspection.

    (a) Assignment records relating to original or amended certificates 
shall be open to public inspection and copies

[[Page 305]]

of any recorded document may be obtained upon payment of the prescribed 
fee.
    (b) Assignment records relating to any pending or abandoned 
application shall not be available for inspection except to the extent 
that pending applications are published as provided in section 57 of the 
Act and Sec. 97.19, or where necessary to carry out the provisions of 
any Act of Congress. Copies of assignment records and information on 
pending or abandoned applications shall be obtainable only upon written 
authority of the applicant or his or her assignee, or attorney or agent 
of record, or where necessary to carry out the provisions of any Act of 
Congress. An order for a copy of an assignment shall give the proper 
identification of the assignment.

                     Marking or Labeling Provisions



Sec. 97.140  After filing.

    Upon filing an application for protection of a variety and payment 
of the prescribed fee, the owner, or his or her designee, may label the 
variety or containers of the seed of the variety or plants produced from 
such seed, substantially as follows: ``Unauthorized Propagation 
Prohibited--(Unauthorized Seed Multiplication Prohibited)--U.S. Variety 
Protection Applied For.'' Where applicable, ``PVPA 1994'' or ``PVPA 
1994--Unauthorized Sales for Reproductive Purposes Prohibited'' may be 
added to the notice.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.141  After issuance.

    Upon issuance of a certificate, the owner of the variety, or his or 
her designee, may label the variety or containers of the seed of the 
variety or plants produced from such seed substantially as follows: 
``Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited--(Unauthorized Seed Multiplication 
Prohibited)--U.S. Protected Variety.'' Where applicable, ``PVPA 1994'' 
or ``PVPA 1994--Unauthorized Sales for Reproductive Purposes 
Prohibited'' may be added to the notice.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995; 61 
FR 248, Jan. 4, 1996]



Sec. 97.142  For testing or increase.

    An owner who contemplates filing an application and releases for 
testing or increase, seed of the variety or reproducible plant material 
of the variety, may label such plant material or containers of the seed 
or plant material substantially as follows: ``Unauthorized Propagation 
Prohibited--For Testing (or Increase) Only.''

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.143  Certified seed only.

    (a) Upon filing an application, or amendment thereto, specifying 
seed of the variety is to be sold by variety name only as a class of 
certified seed, the owner, or his or her designee, may label containers 
of seed of the variety substantially as follows: ``Unauthorized 
Propagation Prohibited--U.S. Variety Protection Applied for Specifying 
That Seed of This Variety Is To Be Sold By Variety Name Only as a Class 
of Certified Seed.''
    (b) An owner who has received a certificate specifying that a 
variety is to be sold by variety name only, as a class of certified 
seed, may label containers of the seed of the variety substantially as 
follows: ``Unauthorized Propagation Prohibited--To Be Sold By Variety 
Name Only as a Class of Certified Seed --U.S. Protected Variety.''



Sec. 97.144  Additional marking or labeling.

    Additional clarifying information that is not false or misleading 
may be used by the owner, in addition to the above markings or labeling.

                          Attorneys and Agents



Sec. 97.150  Right to be represented.

    An applicant may actively advance an application or may be 
represented by an attorney or agent authorized in writing.



Sec. 97.151  Authorization.

    Only attorneys or agents specified by the applicant shall be allowed 
to inspect papers or take action of any kind, on behalf of the 
applicant, in any pending application or proceedings.

[[Page 306]]



Sec. 97.152  Revocation of authorization; withdrawal.

    An authorization of an attorney or agent may be revoked by an 
applicant at any time, and an attorney or agent may withdraw, upon 
application to the Commissioner. When the authorization is so revoked, 
or the attorney or agent has so withdrawn, the Office shall inform the 
interested parties and shall thereafter communicate directly with the 
applicant, or with such other attorney or agent as the applicant may 
appoint. An assignment will not of itself operate as a revocation of 
authorization previously given, but the assignee of the entire interest 
may revoke previous authorizations and be represented by an attorney or 
agent of his or her own selection.



Sec. 97.153  Persons recognized.

    Unless specifically authorized as provided in Sec. 97.151, no person 
shall be permitted to file or advance applications before the Office on 
behalf of another person.



Sec. 97.154  Government employees.

    Officers and employees of the United States who are disqualified by 
statute (18 U.S.C. 203 and 205) from practicing as attorneys or agents 
in proceedings or other matters before government departments or 
agencies, shall not be eligible to represent applicants, except officers 
and employees whose official duties require the preparation and 
prosecution of applications for certificates of variety protection.



Sec. 97.155  Signatures.

    Every document filed by an attorney or agent representing an 
applicant or party to a proceeding in the Office shall bear the 
signature of such attorney or agent, except documents which are required 
to be signed by the applicant or party.



Sec. 97.156  Addresses.

    Attorneys and agents practicing before the Plant Variety Protection 
Office shall notify the Office in writing of any change of address. The 
Office shall address letters to any person at the last address received.



Sec. 97.157  Professional conduct.

    Attorneys and agents appearing before the Office shall conform to 
the standards of ethical and professional conduct, generally applicable 
to attorneys appearing before the courts of the United States.



Sec. 97.158  Advertising.

    (a) The use of advertising, circulars, letters, cards, and similar 
material to solicit plant variety protection business, directly or 
indirectly, is forbidden as unprofessional conduct, and any person 
engaging in such solicitation, or associated with or employed by others 
who so solicit, shall be refused recognition to practice before the 
Office or may be suspended, excluded, or disbarred from further practice 
before the Office.
    (b) The use of simple professional letterheads, calling cards, or 
office signs, simple announcements necessitated by opening an office, 
change of association, or change of address, distributed to clients and 
friends and insertion of listings in common form (not display) in a 
classified telephone or city directory, and listings and professional 
cards with biographical data in standard professional directories, shall 
not be considered a violation of this section.

                            Fees and Charges



Sec. 97.175  Fees and charges.

    The following fees and charges apply to the services and actions 
specified below:

(a) Filing the application and notifying the public of filing...    $300
(b) Search or examination.......................................   2,150
(c) Allowance and issuance of certificate and notifying public          
 of issuance....................................................     300
(d) Revive an abandoned application.............................     300
(e) Reproduction of records, drawings, certificates, exhibits,          
 or printed material (copy per page of material)................       1
(f) Authentication (each page)..................................       1
(g) Correcting or reissuance of a certificate...................     300
(h) Recording assignments (per certificate/application).........      25
(i) Copies of 8 x 10 photographs in color.......................      25

[[Page 307]]

                                                                        
(j) Additional fee for reconsideration..........................     300
(k) Additional fee for late payment.............................      25
(l) Additional fee for late replenishment of seed...............      25
(m) Appeal to Secretary (refundable if appeal overturns the             
 Commissioner's decision).......................................   2,750
(n) Granting of extension for responding to a request...........      50
(o) Field inspections by a representative of the Plant Variety          
 Protection Office made at the request of the applicant shall be        
 reimbursable in full (including travel, per diem or                    
 subsistence, and salary) in accordance with Standardized               
 Government Travel Regulations.                                         
(p) Any other service not covered above will be charged for at          
 rates prescribed by the Commissioner, but in no event shall            
 they exceed $60 per employee-hour.                                     
                                                                        


[60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]



Sec. 97.176  Fees payable in advance.

    Fees and charges shall be paid at the time of making application or 
at the time of submitting a request for any action by the Office for 
which a fee or charge is payable and established in this part.



Sec. 97.177  Method of payment.

    Checks or money orders shall be made payable to the Treasurer of the 
United States. Remittances from foreign countries must be payable and 
immediately negotiable in the United States for the full amount of the 
prescribed fee. Money sent by mail to the Office shall be sent at the 
sender's risk.



Sec. 97.178  Refunds.

    Money paid by mistake or excess payments shall be refunded, but a 
mere change of plans after the payment of money, as when a party decides 
to withdraw an application or to withdraw an appeal, shall not entitle a 
party to a refund. However, the examination or search fee shall be 
refunded if an application is voluntarily abandoned pursuant to 
Sec. 97.23(a) before a search or examination has begun. Amounts of $1 or 
less shall not be refunded unless specifically demanded.



Sec. 97.179  Copies and certified copies.

    (a) Upon request, copies of applications, certificates, or of any 
records, books, papers, drawings, or photographs in the custody of the 
Office and which are open to the public, will be furnished to persons 
entitled thereto, upon payment of the prescribed fee.
    (b) Upon request, copies will be authenticated by imprint of the 
seal of the Office and certified by the official, authorized by the 
Commissioner upon payment of the prescribed fee.

                     Availability of Office Records



Sec. 97.190  When open records are available.

    Copies of records, which are open to the public and in the custody 
of the Office, may be examined in the Office during regular business 
hours upon approval by the Commissioner.

                           Protest Proceedings



Sec. 97.200  Protests to the grant of a certificate.

    Opposition on the part of any person to the granting of a 
certificate shall be permitted while an application is pending and for a 
period not to exceed 5 years following the issuance of a certificate.



Sec. 97.201  Protest proceedings.

    (a) Opposition shall be made by submitting in writing a petition for 
protest proceedings, which petition shall be supported by affidavits and 
shall show the reason or reasons for opposing the application or 
certificate. The petition and accompanying papers shall be filed in 
duplicate. If it appears to an examiner that a variety involved in a 
pending application or covered by a certificate may not be or may not 
have been entitled to protection under the Act, a protest proceeding may 
be permitted by the Commissioner.
    (b) One copy of the petition and accompanying papers shall be served 
by the Office upon the applicant or owner, or his or her attorney or 
agent of record.
    (c) An answer, by the applicant or owner of the certificate, or his 
or her

[[Page 308]]

assignee, in response to the petition, may be filed with the 
Commissioner within 60 days after service of the petition, upon such 
person. If no answer is filed within said period, the Commissioner shall 
decide the matter on the basis of the allegations set forth in the 
petition.
    (d) If the petition and answer raise any issue of fact needing 
proof, the Commissioner shall afford each of the parties a period of 60 
days in which to file sworn statements or affidavits in support of their 
respective positions.
    (e) As soon as practicable after the petition or the petition and 
answer are filed, or after the expiration of any period for filing sworn 
statements or affidavits, the Commissioner shall issue a decision as to 
whether the protests are upheld or denied. The Commissioner may, 
following the protest proceeding, cancel any certificate issued and may 
grant another certificate for the same variety to a person who proves to 
the satisfaction of the Commissioner, that he or she is the breeder or 
discoverer. The decision shall be served upon the parties in the manner 
provided in Sec. 97.403.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]

                         Priority Contest2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ All provisions relating to priority contests apply only to 
varieties protected under the Act as it was in force prior to April 4, 
1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------



Sec. 97.205  Definition; when declared.

    A priority contest may be instituted by the Secretary, on his or her 
own motion, or upon the request of any person who has applied for 
protection on the same variety, for which an adverse certificate has 
been issued, for the purpose of determining the question of priority 
between two or more parties claiming development or discovery of the 
same novel variety; Provided, however, That any person shall have 
forfeited his or her right to assert priority when an adverse 
certificate has been issued, if he or she fails to make a request for 
the institution of a priority contest within 1 year of the publication 
in the Official Journal of issuance of the adverse certificate by the 
Secretary, or if he or she fails to make the request within the period 
for taking action after refusal of the application on the basis of the 
adverse certificate.



Sec. 97.206  Preparation for priority contest between applicants.

    (a) Before a priority contest will be handled by the Office, an 
examiner must determine that the same novel variety is involved in 
separate applications filed by two or more parties and apparently 
certifiable to each of the parties, subject to the determination of the 
question of priority.
    (b) The fact that a certificate has been issued will not prevent a 
priority contest.



Sec. 97.207  Preparation of priority papers and declaration of priority contest.

    (a) When a priority question is found to exist, the examiner shall 
forward the pertinent files to the Commissioner, together with a written 
statement showing the reason for the contest.
    (b) The Commissioner shall institute and declare the priority 
contest by forwarding a notice to each of the applicants involved. Each 
notice shall include the name and residence of each of the other 
applicants or those of his or her attorney or agent, if any, and of any 
assignee, and will identify the application of each opposing party by 
number and filing date, or in the case of a certificate, by the number 
and date of the certificate. The notice shall specify the basis of the 
priority contest. The notice shall specify a time, not to exceed 2 
months, for filing preliminary statements.
    (c) When a notice is returned to the Office undelivered, or when one 
of the parties resides abroad and his or her agent in the United States 
is unknown, notice may be given once by publication in the Official 
Journal.



Sec. 97.208  Burden of proof.

    The parties to a priority contest will be presumed to have developed 
their varieties in the chronological order of the filing dates of their 
applications for certificates involved in the priority contest, and the 
burden of proof will rest upon the party who last filed an application.

[[Page 309]]



Sec. 97.209  Preliminary statement on novel variety developed in the United States.

    (a) Each party to the priority contest is required to file on or 
before a date fixed by the Office, a concise preliminary statement 
giving the facts and dates relating to the development of his or her 
alleged novel variety. The preliminary statement must be signed by the 
owner; Provided, however, That in appropriate circumstances, as when the 
owner is dead or legally incapacitated, or a showing is made of 
inability to obtain a statement from the owner, the preliminary 
statement may be made by the assignee or by someone authorized or 
entitled to make the statement, having knowledge of the facts.
    (b) Preliminary statements shall be filed with the Office in 
duplicate. A copy shall be forwarded to each opposing party by the 
Office as soon as practicable after both parties have filed their 
statements within the requisite period.
    (c) In filing a preliminary statement each party must show the 
following information:
    (1) The date upon which the first determination of the novel variety 
was made.
    (2) The date upon which the first written description of the novel 
variety was made. If a written description of the novel variety has not 
been made prior to the filing date of the application, it must be so 
stated.
    (3) The date of the first act or acts susceptible of proof (other 
than making a written description or disclosing the novel variety to 
another person), which, if proven, would establish determination of the 
novel variety, and a brief description of such act or acts. If there 
have been no such acts, it must be so stated.
    (4) The date of the actual production of the novel variety. If the 
novel variety had not been actually produced before the filing date of 
the application, it must be so stated.
    (d) When an allegation as to the first written description 
(paragraph (c)(2) of this section) is made, a copy of such written 
description shall be attached to the statement.
    (e) If a party intends to rely on a prior application, domestic or 
foreign, the preliminary statement shall clearly identify such prior 
application. Copies of the cited application and related documents will 
be served by the Office, upon all interested parties to the contest. In 
the case of an application filed in a foreign country, English 
translations shall be served to all interested parties by the party 
relying on the application filed in the foreign country.



Sec. 97.210  Preliminary statement on novel variety developed in a foreign country.

    When the novel variety was developed in a foreign country, the 
preliminary statement must show (a) the information specified in 
Sec. 97.209 (c) through (e) and (b) whether, and if so, when and under 
what circumstances the novel variety was introduced into the United 
States by or on behalf of the party.



Sec. 97.211  Statements sealed before filing.

    The preliminary statement shall be submitted in a sealed envelope 
bearing the name of the party filing it and the number and title of the 
priority contest as shown on the notice issued by the Office. The 
envelope should be enclosed in an outer mailing envelope marked ``To Be 
Opened Only by the Commissioner.''



Sec. 97.212  Correction of a statement on motion.

    In case of material error arising through inadvertence or mistake, a 
preliminary statement may be corrected upon a satisfactory showing to 
the Commissioner that the correction is of material significance. 
Correction of the statement must be made as soon as practicable after 
the discovery of the error.



Sec. 97.213  Failure to file statements.

    If any party to a priority contest fails to file a preliminary 
statement, he or she shall be restricted to his or her earliest 
effective filing date.

[[Page 310]]



Sec. 97.214  Access to preliminary statements.

    The preliminary statements shall be open to the inspection of any 
party after the date set for the filing of preliminary statements 
(Sec. 97.207(b)), but shall not be open to inspection prior to that 
time.



Sec. 97.215  Dissolution at the request of the Commissioner.

    If during a priority contest, information is submitted or found 
which, in the opinion of the Commissioner, may render the variety 
ineligible for a certificate, the priority contest may be suspended by 
the Commissioner and referred to an examiner for consideration of the 
matter. The parties will be notified of the reason for the suspension. 
Arguments of the parties regarding the suspension will be considered, if 
filed within 60 days of the notification. The suspension will then be 
continued, modified, or dismissed, in accordance with the determination 
by the Commissioner.



Sec. 97.216  Concession; abandonment.

    (a) An applicant or a certificate holder involved in a priority 
contest may, at any time, file a written concession of priority, or 
abandonment of the certificate, signed by him or her. Upon the filing of 
such an instrument by any party, the decision shall be rendered against 
the interested party by the Commissioner.
    (b) A concession of priority may not be made by an assignee of a 
part interest.



Sec. 97.217  Affidavits and exhibits.

    Affidavits and exhibits, including official records and any special 
matter contained in a printed publication, pertinent to the issue 
involved in the contest, may be introduced as evidence in a priority 
contest by any party to the contest. In the case of official records and 
printed publications, the party introducing the evidence shall specify 
the record or the printed publication, the page or pages to be used, 
indicate generally its relevancy, and submit to the Commissioner the 
record or authenticated copy, or the printed publication, or a copy. 
Copies of affidavits and exhibits, including any record or publication, 
shall be served by the Commissioner on each of the other interested 
parties.



Sec. 97.218  Matters considered in determining a priority.

    In determining priority, the Commissioner will consider only 
priority of development based on the evidence submitted. Questions of 
novelty generally will not be considered in the decision on priority. 
The Commissioner may refer proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and 
notice of priority to the Board for an advisory decision.



Sec. 97.219  Recommendation by the Commissioner.

    The Commissioner may, either before or concurrently with a decision 
on the question of priority, but independently of such decision, direct 
the attention of the examiner to any matter not relating to priority 
which may come to the Commissioner's attention, and which in his or her 
opinion establishes the fact that there has been an irregularity which 
amounts to a bar to the granting of a certificate to either of the 
parties. The Commissioner may suspend the priority contest and remand 
the case to the examiner for further consideration of the matters, to 
which attention has been directed.



Sec. 97.220  Decision by the Commissioner.

    (a) When a priority contest is concluded on the basis of preliminary 
statements, or proposed findings of fact, conclusions and notice of 
priority shall be issued by the Commissioner to the interested parties, 
giving them a specified period, not less than 30 days, to show cause why 
such proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and notice of priority 
should not be made final. Any response made during the specified period 
will be considered by the Commissioner. Additional affidavits or 
exhibits will not be considered, unless accompanied by a showing of good 
cause acceptable to the Commissioner. Thereafter, final findings of 
fact, conclusions, and notice of priority shall be issued by the 
Commissioner.
    (b) The decision shall be entered by the Commissioner against a 
party whose preliminary statement alleges a date of determination later 
than the

[[Page 311]]

filing date of the other party's application.



Sec. 97.221  Status of claims of defeated applicant.

    Whenever a final notice of priority has been issued by the 
Commissioner in a priority proceeding, and the time limit for an appeal 
from such decision has expired, the claim or claims constituting the 
issue of the priority stand finally disposed of without further action 
by the Commissioner.



Sec. 97.222  Second priority contest.

    A second priority contest between the same parties shall not be 
entertained by the Commissioner for the same novel variety.

                         Appeal to the Secretary



Sec. 97.300  Petition to the Secretary.

    (a) Petition may be made to the Secretary from any final action of 
the Commissioner denying an application or refusing to allow a 
certificate to be issued, or from any adverse decision of the 
Commissioner made under Secs. 97.18(c), 97.107, 97.201(e), and 97.220.
    (b) Any such petition shall contain a statement of the facts 
involved and the point or points to be reviewed, and the actions 
requested.
    (c) A petition to the Secretary shall be filed in duplicate and 
accompanied by the prescribed fee (see Sec. 97.175).
    (d) Upon request, an opportunity to present data, views, and 
arguments orally, in an informal manner or in a formal hearing, shall be 
given to interested persons. If a formal hearing is requested, the 
proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with the Rules of Practice 
Governing Formal Adjudicatory Proceedings Instituted by the Secretary 
Under Various Statutes set forth in Secs. 1.130 through 1.151 of this 
title.
    (e) Except as otherwise provided in the rules in this part, any such 
petition not filed within 60 days from the action complained of shall be 
dismissed as untimely.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 8464, Feb. 14, 1995]



Sec. 97.301  Commissioner's answer.

    (a) The Commissioner may, within such time as may be directed by the 
Secretary, furnish a written statement to the Secretary in answer to the 
appellant's petition, including such explanation of the reasons for the 
action as may be necessary and supplying a copy to the appellant.
    (b) Within 20 days from the date of such answer, the appellant may 
file a reply statement directed only to such new points of argument as 
may be raised in the Commissioner's answer.



Sec. 97.302  Decision by the Secretary.

    (a) The Secretary, after receiving the advice of the Board, may 
affirm or reverse the decision of the Commissioner, in whole or in part.
    (b) Should the decision of the Secretary include an explicit 
statement that a certificate be allowed, based on an amended 
application, the applicant shall have the right to amend his or her 
application in conformity with such statement and such decision shall be 
binding on the Commissioner.



Sec. 97.303  Action following the decision.

    (a) Copies of the decision of the Secretary shall be served upon the 
appellant and the Commissioner in the manner provided in Sec. 97.403.
    (b) When an appeal petition is dismissed, or when the time for 
appeal to the courts pursuant to the Act has expired and no such appeal 
or civil action has been filed, proceedings in the appeal shall be 
considered terminated as of the dismissal or expiration date, except in 
those cases in which the nature of the decision requires further action 
by the Commissioner. If the decision of the Secretary is appealed or a 
civil action has been filed pursuant to the Act, the decision of the 
Secretary will be stayed pending the outcome of the court appeal or 
civil action.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]

     General Procedures in Priority, Protest, or Appeal Proceedings



Sec. 97.400  Extensions of time.

    Upon a showing of good cause, extensions of time not otherwise 
provided

[[Page 312]]

for may be granted by the Commissioner or, if an appeal has been filed 
by the Secretary for taking any action required in any priority, 
protest, or appeal proceeding.



Sec. 97.401  Miscellaneous provisions.

    (a) Petitions for reconsideration or modification of the decision of 
the Commissioner in priority or protest proceedings shall be filed 
within 20 days after the date of the decision.
    (b) The Commissioner may consider on petition any matter involving 
abuse of discretion in the exercise of an examiner's authority, or such 
other matters as may be deemed proper to consider. Any such petition, if 
not filed within 20 days from the decision complained of, may be 
dismissed as untimely.



Sec. 97.402  Service of papers.

    (a) Every paper required to be served on opposing parties and filed 
in the Office in any priority, protest, or appeal proceeding, must be 
served by the Secretary in the manner provided in Sec. 97.403.
    (b) The requirement in certain sections that a specified paper shall 
be served includes a requirement that all related supporting papers 
shall also be served. Proof of such service upon other parties to the 
proceeding must be made before the supporting papers will be considered 
by the Commissioner or Secretary.



Sec. 97.403  Manner of service.

    Service of any paper under this part must be on the attorney or 
agent of the party if there be such, or on the party if there is no 
attorney or agent, and may be made in any of the following ways:
    (a) By mailing a copy of the paper to the person served by certified 
mail, with the date of the return receipt controlling the date of 
service;
    (b) By leaving a copy at the usual place of business of the person 
served with someone in his or her employ;
    (c) When the person served has no usual place of business, by 
leaving a copy at his or her home with a member of the family over 14 
years of age and of discretion; and
    (d) Whenever it shall be found by the Commissioner or Secretary that 
none of the above modes of serving the paper is practicable, service may 
be by notice, published once in the Office Journal.

                      Review of Decisions by Court



Sec. 97.500  Appeal to U.S. Courts.

    Any applicant dissatisfied with the decision of the Secretary on 
appeal may appeal to the U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals or the 
U.S. Courts of Appeals, or institute a civil action in the U.S. District 
Court as set forth in the Act. In such cases, the appellant or plaintiff 
shall give notice to the Secretary, state the reasons for appeal or 
civil action, and obtain a certified copy of the record. The certified 
copy of the record shall be forwarded to the Court by the Plant Variety 
Protection Office on order of, and at the expense of the appellant or 
plaintiff.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]

                      Cease and Desist Proceedings



Sec. 97.600  Rules of practice.

    Any proceedings instituted under section 128 of the Act for false 
marking shall be conducted in accordance with Secs. 202.10 through 
202.29 of this chapter (rules of practice under the Federal Seed Act) (7 
U.S.C. 1551 et seq.), except that all references in those rules and 
regulations to ``Examiner'' shall be construed to be an Administrative 
Law Judge, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and not an ``Examiner'' as 
defined in the regulations under the Plant Variety Protection Act.

                         Public Use Declaration



Sec. 97.700  Public interest in wide usage.

    (a) If the Secretary has reason to believe that a protected variety 
should be declared open to use by the public in accordance with section 
44 of the Act, the Secretary shall give the owner of the variety 
appropriate notice and an opportunity to present views orally or in 
writing, with regard to the necessity for such action to be taken in the 
public interest.

[[Page 313]]

    (b) Upon the expiration of the period for the presentation of views 
by the owner, as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, the 
Secretary shall refer the matter to the Plant Variety Protection Board 
for advice, including advice on any limitations or rate of remuneration.
    (c) Upon receiving the advice of the Plant Variety Protection Board, 
the Secretary shall advise the owner of the variety, the members of the 
Plant Variety Protection Board, and the public, by issuance of a press 
release, of any decision based on the provisions of section 44 of the 
Act to declare a variety open to use by the public. Any decision not to 
declare a variety open to use by the public will be transmitted only to 
the owner of the variety and the members of the Plant Variety Protection 
Board.

                               Publication



Sec. 97.800  Publication of public variety descriptions.

    Voluntary submissions of varietal descriptions of ``public 
varieties'' on forms obtainable from the Office will be accepted for 
publication in the Official Journal. Such publication shall not 
constitute recognition that the variety is, in fact, distinct, uniform, 
and stable.

[58 FR 42435, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 17190, Apr. 4, 1995]



PART 98--MEALS, READY-TO-EAT (MRE's), MEATS, AND MEAT PRODUCTS--Table of Contents




         Subpart A-MRE's, Meats, and Related Meat Food Products

Sec.
98.1  General.
98.2  Definitions.
98.3  Analyses performed and locations of laboratories.
98.4  Analytical methods.
98.5  Fees and charges.



    Subpart B--USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of 
                         Trichinae in Horsemeat

98.100  General.

98.101  Definitions.

98.102--98.600  [Reserved]

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1622, 1624.

    Source: 58 FR 42445, Aug. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



         Subpart A--MRE's, Meats, and Related Meat Food Products



Sec. 98.1  General.

    Analytical services of meat and meat food products are performed for 
fat, moisture, salt, protein, and other content specifications.



Sec. 98.2  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this subpart in the singular form 
will import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this subpart, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    Lard (Edible). The fat rendered from clean and sound edible tissues 
from swine.
    Meals, Ready-To-Eat (MRE). Meals, Ready-To-Eat are complete portions 
of one meal for one military person and are processed and packaged to 
destroy or retard the growth of spoilage-type microorganisms in order to 
extend product shelf life for 7 years. Composition analyses for MRE's 
are covered by the reimbursable agreement in the Memorandums of 
Understanding (MOU's) between AMS, USDA and the Defense Personnel 
Support Center, Department of Defense (DOD). These DOD, Defense 
Personnel Support Center (DPSC) contracts state certain military 
specifications for an acceptable one meal serving, retorted pouched or 
18-24 serving hermetically-sealed tray packed meat, or meal product 
regarding satisfactory analyses for fat, salt, protein, moisture 
content, added stabilizer ingredient, and sometimes microbiological 
composition. MRE's are for use by the DOD, DPSC as a component of 
operational food rations, and as an item of general issue by the 
military.
    Meat. This includes the edible part of the muscle of any cattle, 
sheep, swine, or goats, which is skeletal or which is found in the 
tongue, in the diaphragm,

[[Page 314]]

in the heart, or in the esophagus, and which is intended for human food, 
with or without the accompanying and overlying fat, and the portions of 
bone, skin, tendon, nerve, and blood vessels which normally accompany 
the muscle tissue, and which are not separated from it in the process of 
dressing. It does not include the muscle found in the lips, snout, or 
ears. This term, as applied to products of equines, shall have a meaning 
comparable to that provided in this paragraph with respect to cattle, 
sheep, swine, and goats.
    Meat food product. Any article capable for use as human food (other 
than meat, prepared meat, or a meat by-product), which is derived or 
prepared wholly or in substantial part from meat or other portion of the 
carcass of any cattle, sheep, swine, or goats. An article exempted from 
definition as a meat food product by the Administrator, such as an 
organotherapeutic substance, meat juice, meat extract, and the like, 
which is used only for medicinal purposes and is advertised solely to 
the medical profession is not included.
    Ready-to-eat. The term means consumers are likely to apply little or 
no additional heat to the fully-cooked and the fully-prepared food 
product before consumption.
    Specifications. Descriptions with respect to the class, grade, other 
quality, quantity or condition of products, approved by the 
Administrator, and available for use by the industry regardless of the 
origin of the descriptions.
    Tallow (Edible). The hard fat derived from USDA inspected and passed 
cattle, sheep, or goats.
    Titer. The measure of the hardness or softness of the tested 
material as determined by the solidification point of fatty acids and 
expressed in degrees centigrade ( deg.C).



Sec. 98.3  Analyses performed and locations of laboratories.

    (a) Tables 1 through 4 list the special laboratory analyses rendered 
by the Science and Technology Division as a result of an agreement with 
the Livestock and Seed Division. The payment for such laboratory 
services rendered at the request of an individual or third party served 
shall be reimbursed pursuant to the terms as specified in the 
cooperative agreement.

                       Table 1--Schedule Analysis                       
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Samples 
               Identity                        Analyses          tested 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schedule BC (Beef Chunks, Canned).....  Fat, salt............          1
Schedule BJ (Beef with Natural Juices,  Fat..................          1
 Canned).                                                               
Schedule CS (Canned Meatball Stew)....  Fat..................          3
Schedule GP (Frozen Ground Pork)......  Fat..................          4
Schedule PJ (Pork with Natural Juices,  Fat..................          1
 Canned).                                                               
Schedule RB (Beef for Reprocessing)...  Fat..................          4
Schedule RG (Beef Roasts and Ground     Fat..................          4
 Beef).                                                                 
Schedule SB (Slab or Sliced Bacon)....  Moisture, fat, salt..          1
Schedule WS (Beef or Wafer Steaks)....  Fat..................          1
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                     Table 2--Microbiological Analysis                  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Number of 
                      Type of analysis                         samples  
                                                                tested  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Psychrotrophic Bacterial Plate Count.......................            1
                                                                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                      Table 3--Nonschedule Analysis                     
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Samples 
               Identity                        Analyses          tested 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fed Specification PP-B-2120B (Ground    Fat..................          4
 Beef Products).                                                        
Fed Specification PP-B-81J (Sliced      Fat, salt, moisture..          1
 Bacon).                                                                
Fed Specification PP-L-800E (Luncheon   Fat, salt............          1
 Meat, Canned).                                                         
Ground Beef or Ground Pork............  Fat..................          4

[[Page 315]]

                                                                        
Ground Beef or Ground Pork............  Fat..................          1
Pork Sausage..........................  Fat, salt............          4
Pork Sausage..........................  Fat, moisture........          4
Pork Sausage..........................  Fat..................          4
Mil-P-44131A (Pork Steaks, Flaked,      Fat..................          4
 Formed, Breaded).                                                      
Milwaukee Public Schools (Breaded/      Fat..................          4
 Unbreaded Meat).                                                       
Chili Con Carne Without Beans.........  Fat..................          1
A-A-20047-B...........................  Fat, protein.........          3
A-A-20136.............................  salt.................          3
A-A-20148.............................  Fat, salt............          3
Mil-B-44133 (GL)......................  Fat, salt............          3
Mil-B-44158A..........................  Water activity.......          6
Mil-C-44253...........................  Fat, salt............          3
Mil-H-44159B (GL).....................  Fat, salt............          1
PP-F-02154 (Army GL)..................  Fat, salt, moisture..          1
------------------------------------------------------------------------



                    Table 4--Lard and Tallow Analysis                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Number of 
                      Type of analysis                         samples  
                                                                tested  
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fat Analysis Committee (FAC) Color.........................            1
Free Fatty Acids...........................................            1
Insoluble Impurities.......................................            1
Moisture and Volatile Matter...............................            1
Specific Gravity...........................................       4 to 6
Titer Test.................................................            1
Unsaponifiable Material....................................            1
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    (b) Meats, such as ground beef or ground pork, meat food products, 
and MRE's, not covered by an agreement with Livestock and Seed Division, 
are analyzed for fat, moisture, salt, sulfur dioxide, nitrites, 
sulfites, ascorbates, citric acid, protein, standard plate counts, and 
coliform counts, among other analyses. These food product analyses are 
performed at any one of the Science and Technology Division (S&TD) field 
laboratories as follows:

(1) USDA, AMS, Science and Technology Division, Midwestern Laboratory, 
    3570 North Avondale Avenue, Chicago, IL 60618.
(2) USDA, AMS, S&TD Aflatoxin Laboratory, 107 South 4th Street, Madill, 
    OK 73446.
(3) USDA, AMS, S&TD, Eastern Laboratory, 2311-B Aberdeen Boulevard, 
    Gastonia, NC 28054.

[58 FR 42445, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 24325, May 10, 1994; 59 
FR 50121, Sept. 30, 1994; 61 FR 51353, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 98.4  Analytical methods.

    (a) The majority of analytical methods used by the USDA laboratories 
to perform analyses of meat, meat food products and MRE's are listed as 
follows:
    (1) Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL, Suite 500, 
481 North Frederick Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-2417.
    (2) U.S. Army Individual Protection Directorate's Military 
Specifications, approved analytical test methods noted therein, U.S. 
Army Natick Research, Development and Engineering Center, Kansas Street, 
Natick, MA 01760-5017.
    (b) Additional analytical methods for these foods will be used, from 
time to time, as approved by the Director.

[58 FR 42445, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51353, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 98.5  Fees and charges.

    (a) The fee charged for any single laboratory analysis of meat, meat 
food products, and MRE's, not covered by an

[[Page 316]]

agreement with Livestock and Seed Division, is specified in the 
schedules of charges in paragraph (a) of Sec. 91.37 of this subchapter.
    (b) The laboratory analyses of meat, meat food products, and MRE's, 
not covered by a cooperative agreement, shall result in an additional 
fee, found in Table 7 of Sec. 91.37 of this subchapter, for sample 
preparation or grinding.
    (c) The charge for any requested laboratory analysis of meat, meat 
food products, and MRE's not listed shall be based on the standard 
hourly rate specified in Sec. 91.37, paragraph (b).



    Subpart B--USDA Certification of Laboratories for the Testing of 
                         Trichinae in Horsemeat



Sec. 98.100  General.

    A laboratory that has met the requirements for certification 
specified in this subpart shall receive an AMS Science and Technology 
Division certificate to approve its analysis for Trichinella spiralis in 
horsemeat. Certification would be granted to a qualified analyst or a 
laboratory based on having the proper training, facilities, and 
equipment. This AMS laboratory certification program will enable 
horsemeat exporters to comply with trichinae testing requirements of the 
European Community.

[58 FR 42445, Aug. 9, 1993, as amended at 61 FR 51353, Oct. 2, 1996]



Sec. 98.101  Definitions.

    Words used in the regulations in this part in the singular form will 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand. As used 
throughout the regulations in this part, unless the context requires 
otherwise, the following terms will be construed to mean:
    European Community. The European Community (EC) consists of the 
initial 12 European countries and the updated and expanded membership of 
nations. The original EC members are Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, 
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and 
Spain.
    Horsemeat. That U.S. inspected and passed clean, wholesome muscle 
tissue of horses, which is skeletal or which is found in the tongue, in 
the diaphragm, in the heart, or in the esophagus, with or without the 
accompanying and overlying fat and the portions of sinews, nerves, and 
blood vessels, which normally accompany the muscle tissue and which are 
not separated from it in the process of dressing.
    Trichinae. Round worms or nematodes of the genus Trichinella, which 
live as parasites in man, horses, rats, and other animals.
    Trichinella spiralis. A small parasitic nematode worm which lives in 
the flesh of various animals, including the horse. When such infected 
meat is inadequately cooked and eaten by man, the live worm multiplies 
within the body and the larvae burrow their way into the muscles, 
causing a disease referred to as trichinosis.
Secs. 98.102--98.600  [Reserved]



PARTS 99--109 [RESERVED]






PART 110--RECORDKEEPING ON RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES BY CERTIFIED APPLICATORS; SURVEYS AND REPORTS--Table of Contents




Sec.
110.1  Scope.
110.2  Definitions.
110.3  Records, retention, and access to records.
110.4  Demonstration of compliance.
110.5  Availability of records to facilitate medical treatment.
110.6  Federal cooperation with States.
110.7  Penalties.
110.8  Rules of practice.
110.9  Miscellaneous.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 136a(d)(1)(c), 136i-1, and 450; 7 CFR 2.17, 
2.50.

    Source: 58 FR 19022, Apr. 9, 1993, unless otherwise noted.



Sec. 110.1  Scope.

    This part sets forth the requirements for recordkeeping on 
restricted use pesticides by all certified applicators, both private 
applicators and commercial applicators.



Sec. 110.2  Definitions.

    As used in this part, the following terms shall be construed, 
respectively, to mean:

[[Page 317]]

    Administrator. The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, United States Department of Agriculture, or any individual to 
whom the Administrator delegates authority to act in his or her behalf.
    Authorized representative. Any person who is authorized to act on 
behalf of the Secretary or a State lead agency for the purpose of 
surveying records required to be kept under this part and enforcing this 
part.
    Certification number. A number issued by EPA or a State to an 
individual who is authorized by EPA or the State to use or supervise the 
use of any restricted use pesticide.
    Certified applicator. Any individual who is certified by EPA or the 
State to use or supervise the use of any restricted use pesticide 
covered by that individual's certification.
    Commercial applicator. A certified applicator, whether or not the 
individual is a private applicator with respect to some uses, who uses 
or supervises the use of any restricted use pesticide for any purpose on 
any property other than as provided by the definition of private 
applicator.
    Comparable. With respect to the records required to be kept under 
this part, similar to those required under EPA-approved State 
certification programs.
    Complainant. The Administrator or an official of a cooperating State 
that deals with pesticide use or health or environmental issues related 
to the pesticide use, who institutes a proceeding pursuant to Sec. 110.8 
of this part.
    EPA. The United States Environmental Protection Agency.
    EPA registration number. The number assigned to a product registered 
with EPA in accordance with sections 3 or 24c of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and implementing 
regulations, and borne on the label of the product.
    Indian governing body. The governing body of any tribe, band, or 
group of Indians subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and 
recognized by the United States as possessing power of self-government.
    Licensed health care professional. A physician, nurse, emergency 
medical technician, or other qualified individual, licensed or certified 
by a State to provide medical treatment.
    Medical emergency. A situation that requires immediate medical 
treatment or first aid to treat possible symptoms of pesticide poisoning 
or exposure.
    Parties. Includes the Administrator or cooperating State agencies 
who institute proceedings against whom such proceedings are instituted, 
under Sec. 110.8 of this part.
    Person. Any individual, corporation, company, association, firm, 
partnership, society, or other legal entity.
    Presiding officer. Any individual designated in writing by the 
Administrator to preside at a proceeding conducted pursuant to 
Sec. 110.8 of this part.
    Private applicator. A certified applicator who uses or supervises 
the use of any restricted use pesticide for purposes of producing any 
agricultural commodity:
    (1) On property owned or rented by the applicator or the employer of 
the applicator; or
    (2) If applied without compensation, other than trading of personal 
services between producers of agricultural commodities, on the property 
of another person.
    Record. The legible recording of all required elements under section 
110.3(a) (1) through (6) for the application of a federally restricted 
use pesticide.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Records can be handwritten on individual notes or forms, consist 
of invoices, be computerized, and or be maintained in recordkeeping 
books.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Recordkeeping. The recording by the certified applicator, or the 
agent of the certified applicator, of the information required by 
Sec. 110.3(a) and (b) concerning each restricted use pesticide 
application, either electronically or manually in writing, and the 
maintenance of such records in a manner accessible to authorized 
representatives.
    Respondent. The party proceeded against pursuant to Sec. 110.8 of 
this part, restricted use pesticide. A pesticide that is federally 
classified for restricted use under section 3(d)(1)(c) of the Federal 
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
    Secretary. The Secretary of Agriculture, United States Department of 
Agriculture, or any individual to whom

[[Page 318]]

the Secretary delegates authority to act in his or her behalf.
    State. A State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, 
the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession of 
the United States, or an Indian governing body.
    State lead agency. The agency designated by a State to have access 
to the records required to be maintained under this part.
    Supervise. To provide instruction and guidance in the application of 
restricted use pesticides and exercise control over an applicator of 
restricted use pesticides in accordance with standards prescribed by the 
EPA in 40 CFR part 171.

[58 FR 19022, Apr. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 8123, Feb. 10, 1995]



Sec. 110.3  Records, retention, and access to records.

    (a) Certified applicators of restricted use pesticides shall 
maintain records of the application of restricted use pesticides. Except 
as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, these records shall 
include the following information for each application:
    (1) The brand or product name, and the EPA registration number of 
the restricted use pesticide that was applied;
    (2) The total amount of the restricted use pesticide applied;
    (3) The location of the application, the size of area treated, and 
the crop, commodity, stored product, or site to which a restricted use 
pesticide was applied. The location of the application may be recorded 
using any of the following designations:
    (i) County, range, township, and section;
    (ii) An identification system utilizing maps and/or written 
descriptions which accurately identify location;
    (iii) An identification system established by a United States 
Department of Agriculture agency which utilizes maps and numbering 
system to identify field locations; or
    (iv) The legal property description.
    (4) The month, day, and year on which the restricted use pesticide 
application occurred; and
    (5) The name and certification number (if applicable) of the 
certified applicator who applied or who supervised the application of 
the restricted use pesticide.
    (b) Certified applicators shall maintain records of the application 
of restricted use pesticides made on the same day in a total area of 
less than one-tenth (\1/10\) of an acre. Except for applications of 
restricted use pesticides in greenhouses and nurseries, to which the 
requirements of paragraph (a) of this section apply, these records shall 
include the following information for the application:
    (1) The brand or product name, and the EPA registration number of 
the restricted use pesticide that was applied;
    (2) The total amount of the restricted use pesticide applied;
    (3) The location of the application, designated as ``spot 
application,'' followed by a concise description of location and 
treatment; and
    (4) The month, day, and year on which the restricted use pesticide 
application occurred.
    (c) The information required in this section shall be recorded 
within 14 days following the pesticide application. However, whether or 
not the written record has been completed, the certified applicator 
shall provide the information to be recorded in accordance with 
Sec. 110.5(a).
    (d) The records required in this section shall be retained for a 
period of 2 years from the date of the restricted use pesticide 
application and be maintained in a manner that is accessible by 
authorized representatives.
    (e) A commercial applicator shall, within 30 days of a restricted 
use pesticide application, provide a copy of records required under this 
section or under State or Federal regulations (whichever is applicable) 
under which the commercial applicator is holding certification, to the 
person for whom the restricted use pesticide was applied.
    (f) A certified applicator shall, upon oral request and presentation 
of credentials by an authorized representative, make available to the 
authorized representative the records required to be maintained under 
this section and permit the authorized representative

[[Page 319]]

to copy any of the records. The original of the records required to be 
maintained under this section shall be retained by the certified 
pesticide applicators.
    (g) No Federal or State agency shall release information obtained 
under this part that would directly or indirectly reveal the identity of 
producers of commodities to which restricted use pesticides have been 
applied.
    (h) Certified applicators who apply restricted use pesticides in 
States where they are required to maintain records on applications of 
restricted use pesticides, comparable to those for commercial 
applicators in that State, and such records are maintained in accordance 
with State requirements, are not subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) 
of this section.

[58 FR 19022, Apr. 9, 1993, as amended at 60 FR 8123, Feb. 10, 1995]



Sec. 110.4  Demonstration of compliance.

    The Secretary is authorized to inspect and copy any record required 
to be maintained by this part in order to determine whether a certified 
applicator is complying with this part.



Sec. 110.5  Availability of records to facilitate medical treatment.

    (a) When the attending licensed health care professional, or an 
individual acting under the direction of the attending licensed health 
care professional, determines that any record of the application of any 
restricted use pesticide required to be maintained under Sec. 110.3 is 
necessary to provide medical treatment or first aid to an individual who 
may have been exposed to the restricted use pesticide for which the 
record is or will be maintained, the certified applicator required to 
maintain the record shall promptly provide the record information and 
any available label information. If it is determined by the attending 
licensed health care professional, or an individual acting under the 
direction of the attending licensed health care professional, to be a 
medical emergency, the record information of the restricted use 
pesticide, relating to the medical emergency, shall be provided 
immediately.
    (b)(1) The attending licensed health care professional, or an 
individual acting under the direction of the attending licensed health 
care professional, may utilize and release the record or record 
information obtained under paragraph (a) of this section when necessary 
to provide medical treatment or first aid to an individual who may have 
been exposed to the restricted use pesticide for which the record is or 
will be maintained.
    (2) The attending licensed health care professional may release the 
record or record information to appropriate federal or state agencies 
that deal with pesticide use or any health issue related to the use of 
pesticides when necessary to prevent further injury or illness.
    (3) A licensed health care professional may release the record or 
record information to submit pesticide poisoning incident reports to 
appropriate state or federal agencies.

[60 FR 8123, Feb. 10, 1995]



Sec. 110.6  Federal cooperation with States.

    (a) For the purpose of carrying out this part, the Administrator may 
enter into agreements with States.
    (b) The Administrator may, after entering a State-Federal 
cooperative agreement with a State, utilize employees and facilities of 
the State to carry out any provisions of this part in that State. This 
State-Federal cooperative agreement shall specify:
    (1) The agency of the State that is designated as the State lead 
agency;
    (2) The responsibilities of State agencies for the enforcement of 
this part and the imposition of penalties under this part;
    (3) The qualifications required of the State employees administering 
and enforcing this part;
    (4) That the State-Federal cooperative agreement may be terminated 
at any time by the mutual agreement of the parties to the agreement;
    (5) That the State-Federal cooperative agreement may be terminated 
by either party by giving written notice to the other party at least 90 
days before a specified date of termination; and

[[Page 320]]

    (6) The provisions for liaison between the State and the 
Administrator concerning the administration and enforcement of this part 
as may be agreed by the Administrator and the State.
    (c) If at any time the Administrator shall determine that the State 
lead agency or other State agencies charged with carrying out the terms 
of the State-Federal cooperative agreement are unable or unwilling to 
carry out the terms of the agreement, or, if for any reason the 
Administrator or State shall determine that the agreement is no longer 
in effect, the Administrator shall administer and enforce this part in 
the State.
    (d) If a State shall notify the Administrator of its readiness to 
enter into a State-Federal cooperative agreement prior to passage of 
State legislation and regulations governing recordkeeping by certified 
applicators of restricted use pesticides, the Administrator may enter 
into a State-Federal cooperative agreement with the State on an annual 
basis.
    (e) For a State to be eligible for Federal technical or financial 
assistance under a State-Federal cooperative agreement, the State 
requirements for recordkeeping by all certified applicators of 
restricted use pesticides must be comparable to the recordkeeping 
requirements under this part.



Sec. 110.7  Penalties.

    Any certified applicator who violates 7 U.S.C. 136i-1 (a), (b), or 
(c) or this part shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than 
$500 in the case of the first offense, and in the case of subsequent 
offenses, be subject to a civil penalty of not less than $1,000 for each 
violation, except that the civil penalty shall be less than $1,000 if 
the Administrator determines that the certified applicator made a good 
faith effort to comply with 7 U.S.C. 136i-1 (a) (b), and (c) and this 
part.

[60 FR 8123, Feb. 10, 1995]



Sec. 110.8  Rules of practice.

    (a) Notice of violation. If there is reason to believe that a person 
has violated or is violating any provision of this part, the complainant 
may file with the Presiding Officer a notice of violation signed by the 
complainant. The notice of violation shall state:
    (1) The date of issuance of the notice of violation;
    (2) The nature of the proceeding;
    (3) The identification of the complainant and respondent;
    (4) The legal authority under which the proceeding is instituted;
    (5) The allegations of fact and provisions of law which constitute 
the basis for the proceeding;
    (6) The amount of the proposed civil penalty; and
    (7) The name, mailing address, and telephone number of the Presiding 
Officer.
    (b) Answer. Within 30 days after the service of the notice of 
violation, the respondent shall file with the Presiding Officer an 
answer signed by the respondent or by the attorney of record in the 
proceeding. The answer shall:
    (1) Admit, deny, or explain each of the allegations in the notice of 
violation and set forth any defense asserted by the respondent; or
    (2) State that the respondent admits all the facts alleged in the 
notice of violation; or
    (3) State that the respondent admits the jurisdictional allegations 
in the notice of violation and neither admits nor denies the remaining 
allegations and consents to the issuance of an order without further 
procedure.
    (c) Default. Failure to file an answer within 30 days after service 
of the notice of violation shall be deemed, for purposes of the 
proceeding, an admission of the allegations in the notice of violation, 
and failure to deny or otherwise respond to an allegation in the notice 
of violation shall be deemed, for purposes of the proceeding, an 
admission of the allegation, unless the complainant and respondent have 
agreed to a consent decision pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.
    (d) Amendment of notice of violation or answer. At any time prior to 
the filing of a motion for a hearing, the notice of violation or answer 
may be amended with the consent of the complainant and respondent or as 
authorized by the Presiding Officer upon a showing of good cause.

[[Page 321]]

    (e) Consent decision. At any time before the Presiding Officer files 
the decision, the complainant and respondent may agree to the entry of a 
consent decision. The agreement shall be in the form of a decision 
signed by the complainant and respondent with appropriate space for 
signature by the Presiding Officer, and shall contain an admission of at 
least the jurisdictional facts, consent to the issuance of the agreed 
decision without further procedure, and such other admissions or 
statements as may be agreed to by the complainant and respondent. The 
Presiding Officer shall enter such decision without further procedure, 
unless an error is apparent on the face of the document. The consent 
decision shall have the same force and effect as a decision issued after 
a full hearing, shall become final upon issuance, and shall become 
effective in accordance with the terms of the decision.
    (f) Procedure upon failure to file an answer or admission of facts. 
The failure to file an answer with the Presiding Officer, or the 
admission by the answer of all the material allegations of fact 
contained in the notice of violation, shall constitute a waiver of 
hearing. Upon such admission or failure to submit an answer, complainant 
shall file with the Presiding Officer a proposed decision, along with a 
motion for the adoption of the proposed decision both of which shall be 
served upon the respondent by the Presiding Officer. Within 20 days 
after service of the motion and proposed decision, the respondent may 
file with the Presiding Officer objections to the motion and proposed 
decision. If the Presiding Officer finds that meritorious objections 
have been filed, complainant's motion shall be denied with supporting 
reasons. If meritorious objections are not filed, the Presiding Officer 
shall issue a decision without further procedure or hearing. Copies of 
the decision or denial of complainant's motion shall be served by the 
Presiding Officer upon the respondent and the complainant and may be 
appealed pursuant to paragraph (l) of this section. Where the decision 
as proposed by complainant is entered, such decision shall become final 
and effective without further proceedings 35 days after the date of 
service of the decision upon the respondent, unless there is an appeal 
to the Administrator by the complainant or respondent, pursuant to 
paragraph (l) of this section.
    (g) Conferences. (1) Upon motion of the complainant or respondent, 
the Presiding Officer may direct the complainant and respondent or their 
counsel to attend a conference at any reasonable time, prior to or 
during the course of the hearing, when the Presiding Officer finds that 
the proceeding would be expedited by a conference. Reasonable notice of 
the time and place of the conference shall be given. The Presiding 
Officer may order the complainant or respondent to furnish at or 
subsequent to the conference any or all of the following:
    (i) An outline of the case or defense;
    (ii) The legal theories upon which the party will rely;
    (iii) A list of documents which the party anticipates introducing at 
the hearing; and
    (iv) A list of anticipated witnesses who will testify on behalf of 
the party. At the discretion of the party furnishing such list of 
witnesses, the names of the witnesses need not be furnished if they are 
otherwise identified in some meaningful way such as a short statement of 
the type of evidence they will offer.
    (2) The Presiding Officer shall not order a party to furnish the 
information or documents listed in paragraph (g)(1) (i) through (iv) of 
this section if the party can show that providing the particular 
information or document is inappropriate or unwarranted under the 
circumstances of the particular case.
    (3) At the conference, the following matters may be considered:
    (i) The simplification of issues;
    (ii) The necessity of amendments to the notice of violation or 
answer;
    (iii) The possibility of obtaining stipulations of facts and of the 
authenticity, accuracy, and admissibility of documents, which will avoid 
unnecessary proof;
    (iv) The limitation of the number of expert or other witnesses;
    (v) Negotiation, compromise, or settlement of issues;
    (vi) The exchange of copies of proposed exhibits;

[[Page 322]]

    (vii) The identification of documents or matters of which official 
notice may be requested;
    (viii) A schedule to be followed by the parties for completion of 
the actions decided at the conference; and
    (ix) Such other matters as may expedite and aid in the disposition 
of the proceeding.
    (4) A conference will not be stenographically reported unless so 
directed by the Presiding Officer.
    (5) In the event the Presiding Officer concludes that personal 
attendance by the Presiding Officer and the parties or counsel at a 
conference is unwarranted or impractical, but determines that a 
conference would expedite the proceeding, the Presiding Officer may 
conduct the conference by telephone or correspondence.
    (6) Actions taken as a result of a conference shall be reduced to a 
written appropriate order, unless the Presiding Officer concludes that a 
stenographic report shall suffice, or, the Presiding Officer elects to 
make a statement on the record at the hearing summarizing the actions 
taken.
    (h) Procedure for hearing. (1) Request for hearing. The complainant 
or respondent may request a hearing on the facts by including such a 
request in the notice of violation or answer, or by a separate request, 
in writing, filed with the Presiding Officer within the time in which an 
answer may be filed. Failure to request a hearing within the time 
allowed for the filing of the answer shall constitute a waiver of a 
hearing. In the event the respondent denies any material fact and fails 
to file a timely request for a hearing, the matter may be set down for 
hearing on motion of the complainant filed with the Presiding Officer or 
upon the Presiding Officer's own motion.
    (2) Time and place. If any material issue of fact is joined by the 
pleading, the Presiding Officer, upon motion of any of the parties 
stating that the matter is at issue and is ready for hearing, shall set 
a time and place for hearing as soon as feasible with due regard for the 
public interest and the convenience and necessity of the parties. The 
Presiding Officer shall issue a notice stating the time and place of 
hearing. If any change in the time or place of the hearing is made, the 
Presiding Officer shall issue a notice of this change, which notice 
shall be served upon the complainant and respondent, unless it is made 
during the course of an oral hearing and made a part of the transcript, 
or actual notice is given to the parties.
    (3) Appearances. The parties may appear in person or by attorney of 
record in the proceeding. Any individual who appears as an attorney must 
conform to the standard of ethical conduct required of practitioners 
before the courts of the United States.
    (4) Debarment of attorney. Whenever a Presiding Officer finds that 
an individual acting as attorney for any party to the proceeding is 
guilty of unethical or contumacious conduct, in or in connection with a 
proceeding, the Presiding Officer may order that the individual be 
precluded from further acting as attorney in the proceeding. An appeal 
to the Administrator may be taken from any such order, but no proceeding 
shall be delayed or suspended pending disposition of the appeal: 
Provided, That the Presiding Officer shall suspend the proceeding for a 
reasonable time for the purpose of enabling the party to obtain another 
attorney.
    (5) Failure to appear. A respondent who, after being duly notified, 
fails to appear at the hearing without good cause, shall be deemed to 
have waived the right to an oral hearing in the proceeding and to have 
admitted any facts which may be presented at the hearing. The failure by 
the respondent to appear at the hearing shall also constitute an 
admission of all the material allegations of fact contained in the 
notice of violation. The complainant shall have an election whether to 
follow the procedure set forth in paragraph (f) of this section or 
whether to present evidence, in whole or in part, in the form of 
affidavits, exhibits, or by oral testimony before the Presiding Officer. 
Failure to appear at a hearing shall not be deemed to be a waiver of the 
right to be served with a copy of the Presiding Officer's decision and 
to appeal to the Administrator pursuant to paragraph (l) of this 
section.

[[Page 323]]

    (6) Order of proceeding. Except as may be determined otherwise by 
the Presiding Officer, the complainant shall proceed first at the 
hearing.
    (7) Evidence. (i) The testimony of witnesses at a hearing shall be 
on oath or affirmation and subject to cross-examination.
    (ii) Upon a finding of good cause, the Presiding Officer may order 
that any witness be examined separately and apart from all other 
witnesses except those who are parties to the proceeding.
    (iii) Evidence which is immaterial, irrelevant, or unduly 
repetitious, or which is not of the sort upon which responsible persons 
are accustomed to rely, shall be excluded insofar as practicable.
    (8) Objections. (i) If a party objects to the admission of any 
evidence or to the limitation of the scope of any examination or cross-
examination or to any other ruling of the Presiding Officer, the party 
shall state briefly the grounds of such objection, whereupon an 
automatic exception will follow if the objection is overruled by the 
Presiding Officer.
    (ii) Only objections made before the Presiding Officer may 
subsequently be relied upon in the proceeding.
    (9) Exhibits. Unless the Presiding Officer finds that the furnishing 
of copies is impracticable, four copies of each exhibit shall be filed 
with the Presiding Officer: Provided, That, where there are more than 
two parties in the proceeding, an additional copy shall be filed for 
each additional party. A true copy of an exhibit may be substituted for 
the original.
    (10) Official records or documents. An official government record or 
document or entry in such a record or document, if admissible for any 
purpose, shall be admissible in evidence without the production of the 
individual who made or prepared the same, and shall be prima facie 
evidence of the relevant facts stated in the record or document. Such 
record or document shall be evidenced by an official publication of the 
record or document or by a copy certified by an individual having legal 
authority to make such certification.
    (11) Official notice. Official notice shall be taken of such matters 
as are judicially noticed by the courts of the United States and of any 
other matter of technical, scientific, or commercial fact of established 
character: Provided, That the parties shall be given adequate notice of 
matters so noticed, and shall be given adequate opportunity to show that 
such facts are erroneously noticed.
    (12) Offer of proof. Whenever evidence is excluded by the Presiding 
Officer, the party offering such evidence may make an offer of proof, 
which shall be included in the transcript. The offer of proof shall 
consist of a brief statement describing the evidence excluded. If the 
evidence consists of a brief oral statement, the statement shall be 
included in the transcript in its entirety. If the evidence consists of 
an exhibit, it shall be marked for identification and inserted in the 
hearing record. In either event, the evidence shall be considered a part 
of the transcript and hearing record if the Administrator, upon appeal, 
decides the Presiding Officer's ruling excluding the evidence was 
erroneous and prejudicial. If the Administrator, upon appeal, decides 
the Presiding Officer's ruling excluding the evidence was erroneous and 
prejudicial and that it would be appropriate to have such evidence 
considered a part of the hearing record, the Administrator may direct 
that the hearing be reopened to permit the taking of such evidence or 
for any purpose in connection with the excluded evidence.
    (13) Transcript. Hearings shall be recorded and transcribed 
verbatim.
    (i) Post-hearing procedure--(1) Corrections to transcript. (i) 
Within the period of time fixed by the Presiding Officer, any party may 
file a motion proposing corrections to the transcript.
    (ii) Unless a party files a motion proposing corrections to the 
transcript in the time fixed by the Presiding Officer, the transcript 
shall be presumed, except for obvious typographical errors, to be a 
true, correct, and complete transcript of the testimony given at the 
hearing and to contain an accurate description or reference to all 
exhibits received in evidence and made part of the hearing record and 
shall be deemed to be certified without further action by the Presiding 
Officer.

[[Page 324]]

    (iii) As soon as practicable after the close of the hearing and 
after consideration of any timely objection filed as to the transcript, 
the Presiding Officer shall issue an order making any corrections to the 
transcript which the Presiding Officer finds are warranted, which 
corrections shall be entered on to the original transcript by the 
Presiding Officer without obscuring the original text.
    (2) Proposed finding of fact, conclusions, order, and briefs. Prior 
to the Presiding Officer's decision, each party shall be afforded a 
reasonable opportunity to submit for consideration proposed findings of 
fact, conclusions, order, and brief in support of the proposed findings 
of fact, conclusions and order. A copy of each such document filed by a 
party shall be served upon each of the other parties.
    (3) Presiding Officer's decision. (i) The Presiding Officer shall 
issue a decision within 30 days after the hearing, or, if any party 
submits proposed findings of fact, conclusions, order, and a brief in 
support thereof in accordance with paragraph (i)(2) of this section, 30 
days after the last such submission. The Presiding Officer's decision 
shall include the Presiding Officer's findings of the fact, conclusions 
of law, and the reasons or basis for the findings of fact and 
conclusions of law.
    (ii) The Presiding Officer's decision shall become effective without 
further proceedings 35 days after the date of service of the decision 
upon the respondent, unless there is an appeal to the Administrator by a 
party to the proceeding pursuant to paragraph (l) of this section.
    (j) Motions and requests--(1) General. All motions and requests 
shall be filed with the Presiding Officer, and served upon all the 
parties, except:
    (i) requests for extensions of time pursuant to paragraph (m)(3) of 
this section; and
    (ii) motions and requests made on the record during the oral 
hearing. The Presiding Officer shall rule upon all motions and requests 
filed or made prior to the filing of an appeal of the Presiding 
Officer's decision pursuant to paragraph (l) of this section except 
motions directly relating to the appeal. Thereafter, the Administrator 
will rule on any motions and requests, as well as the motions directly 
relating to the appeal.
    (2) Motions entertained. (i) Any motion will be entertained other 
than a motion to dismiss on the pleading. (A motion by the complainant 
seeking the voluntary dismissal of the notice of violation may be 
entertained by the Presiding Officer or the Administrator.)
    (ii) All motions and requests concerning the notice of violation 
must be made within the time allowed for filing an answer, except 
motions by the complainant seeking voluntary dismissal of the notice of 
violation.
    (3) Contents. All written motions and requests shall state the 
particular order, ruling, or action desired and the grounds for the 
order, ruling, or action desired.
    (4) Response to motions and requests. Within 10 days after service 
of any written motion or request, or within a shorter or longer period 
as may be fixed by the Presiding Officer or the Administrator, an 
opposing party may file a response to the motion or request. The other 
party shall have no right to reply to the response; however, the 
Presiding Officer or the Administrator, in their discretion, may order 
that a reply be filed.
    (k) Presiding Officer--(1) Assignment. No Presiding Officer shall be 
assigned to serve in any proceeding who:
    (i) Has any pecuniary interest in any matter or business involved in 
the proceeding;
    (ii) Is related within the third degree by blood or marriage to any 
party to the proceeding; or
    (iii) Has any conflict of interest which might impair the Presiding 
Officer's objectivity in the proceeding.
    (2) Disqualification of Presiding Officer. (i) Any party to the 
proceeding may, by motion made to the Presiding Officer, request that 
the Presiding Officer withdraw from the proceeding because of an alleged 
disqualifying reason. Such motion shall set forth with particularity the 
grounds of alleged disqualification. The Presiding Officer may then 
either rule upon or certify the motion to the Administrator, but not 
both.

[[Page 325]]

    (ii) A Presiding Officer shall withdraw from any proceeding for any 
reason deemed by the Presiding Officer to be disqualifying.
    (3) Powers. The Presiding Officer, in any assigned proceeding, shall 
have power to:
    (i) Rule upon motions and requests;
    (ii) Set the time and place of a conference and the hearing, adjourn 
the hearing from time to time, and change the time and place of hearing;
    (iii) Administer oaths and affirmations;
    (iv) Summon and examine witnesses and receive evidence at the 
hearing;
    (v) Admit or exclude evidence;
    (vi) Hear oral argument on facts or law;
    (vii) Do all acts and take all measures necessary for maintenance or 
order, including the exclusion of contumacious counsel or other persons; 
and
    (viii) Take all other actions authorized under this section.
    (l) Appeal to the Administrator--(1) Filing of petition. Within 30 
days after receiving notice of the Presiding Officer's decision, a party 
who disagrees with the decision, or any part of the Presiding Officer's 
decision, or any ruling by the Presiding Officer or a party who alleges 
a deprivation of rights, may appeal the Presiding Officer's decision or 
rulings to the Administrator by filing an appeal petition with the 
Administrator. As provided in paragraph (h)(8) of this section, 
objections regarding evidence or a limitation regarding examination or 
cross examination or other ruling made before the Presiding Officer may 
be relied upon in an appeal. The appeal petition shall state the name 
and address of the person filing the appeal petition. Each issue set 
forth in the appeal petition, and the arguments on each issue, shall be 
separately numbered; shall be plainly and concisely stated; and shall 
contain detailed citations of the record, statutes, regulations, or 
authorities being relied upon in support of the argument. A brief may be 
filed in support of the appeal simultaneously with the appeal petition.
    (2) Response to appeal petition. Within 20 days after the service of 
a copy of an appeal petition and any brief in support of the appeal 
petition, filed by a party to the proceeding, any other party may file 
with the Administrator a response in support of or in opposition to the 
appeal petition and, in such response any relevant issue, not presented 
in the appeal petition, may be raised.
    (3) Transmittal of record. Whenever an appeal to the Presiding 
Officer's decision is filed and a response to the appeal has been filed 
or time for filing a response has expired, the Presiding Officer shall 
transmit to the Administrator the record of the proceeding. The record 
shall include: the pleading; motions and requests filed and rulings on 
such motions and requests; the transcript of the testimony taken at the 
hearing, together with the exhibits filed in connection with the 
hearing; any documents or papers filed in connection with a conference; 
such proposed findings of fact, conclusions, and orders, and briefs in 
support thereof, as may have been filed in connection with the 
proceeding; the Presiding Officer's decision; and such exceptions, 
statements of objections and briefs in support thereof as may have been 
filed in the proceeding.
    (4) Decision of the Administrator on appeal. As soon as practicable 
after the receipt of the record from the Presiding Officer, the 
Administrator, upon the basis of and after due consideration of the 
record and any matter of which official notice is taken, shall rule on 
the appeal. If the Administrator decides that no change or modification 
of the Presiding Officer's decision is warranted, the Administrator may 
adopt the Presiding Officer's decision as the final order in the 
proceeding, preserving any right of the party bringing the appeal to 
seek judicial review of such decision in the proper forum.
    (m) Filing; service; extensions of time; and computation of time--
(1) Filing; number of copies. Except as otherwise provided in this 
section, all documents or papers required or authorized by this section 
to be filed with the Presiding Officer or Administrator shall be filed 
in quadruplicate: Provided, That where there are more than two parties 
in the proceeding, an additional copy shall be filed for each additional 
party.

[[Page 326]]

    (2) Service; proof of service. Copies of all documents or papers 
required or authorized by this section to be filed with the Presiding 
Officer or Administrator shall be served upon the parties by the person 
with whom such documents or papers are filed. Service shall be made 
either:
    (i) By delivering a copy of the document or paper to the individual 
to be served or to a member of the partnership to be served, or to the 
president, secretary, or other executive officer or any director of the 
corporation or association to be served, or to the attorney of record 
representing such person; or
    (ii) By leaving a copy of the document or paper at the principal 
office or place of business or residence of such individual, 
partnership, corporation, organization, or association, or of the 
attorney of record representing such person and mailing by regular mail 
another copy to such person at such address; or
    (iii) By registering or certifying and mailing a copy of the 
document or paper, addressed to such individual, partnership, 
corporation, organization, or association, or to the attorney of record 
representing such person, at the last known residence or principal 
office or place of business of such person: Provided, That if the 
registered or certified document or paper is returned undelivered 
because the addressee refused or failed to accept delivery, the document 
or paper shall be served by remailing it by regular mail. Proof of 
service under this paragraph shall be made by the certificate of the 
person who actually made the service: Provided, That if the service be 
made by mail, under paragraph (m)(2)(iii) of this section, proof of 
service shall be made by the return post-office receipt, in the case of 
registered or certified mail, or by the certificate of the person who 
mailed the matter by regular mail. Any certificate or post-office 
receipt returned to the Presiding Officer or Administrator shall be 
filed by the Presiding Officer or Administrator, and made a part of the 
record of the proceeding.
    (3) Extensions of time. The time for the filing of any document or 
paper required or authorized under this section to be filed may be 
extended by the Presiding Officer or the Administrator as provided in 
paragraph (j) of this section, if in the judgment of the Presiding 
Officer or the Administrator, as the case may be, there is good reason 
for the extension. In all instances in which time permits, notice of the 
request for extension of the time shall be given to the other party with 
opportunity to submit views concerning the request.
    (4) Effective date of filing. Any document or paper required or 
authorized under this section to be filed shall be deemed to be filed at 
the time when it reaches the person with whom the document or paper must 
be filed.
    (5) Computation of time. Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays shall be 
included in computing the time allowed for the filing of any document or 
paper: Provided, That, when such time expires on a Saturday, Sunday, or 
holiday, such period shall be extended to include the next following 
business day.
    (n) Ex parte communications. (1) At no stage of the proceeding 
between its institution and the issuance of the final decision shall the 
Presiding Officer or Administrator discuss ex parte the merits of the 
proceeding with any person who is connected with the proceeding in an 
advocative or in an investigative capacity, or with any representative 
of such person: Provided, That the Presiding Officer or Administrator 
may discuss the merits of the case with such a person if all parties to 
the proceeding, or their attorneys have been given notice and an 
opportunity to participate. A memorandum of such discussion shall be 
included in the record.
    (2) No interested person shall make or knowingly cause to be made to 
the Presiding Officer or Administrator an ex parte communication 
relevant to the merits of the proceeding.
    (3) If the Presiding Officer of the Administrator receives an ex 
parte communication in violation of this paragraph (n), the individual 
who receives the communication shall place in the public record of the 
proceeding:
    (i) Any such written communication;
    (ii) Memoranda stating the substance of such oral communication; and
    (iii) Any written response, and memoranda stating the substance of 
any oral response to the ex parte communication.

[[Page 327]]

    (4) For purposes of this section ex parte communication means an 
oral or written communication not on the public record with respect to 
which reasonable prior notice to all parties is not given, but it shall 
not include requests for status reports on any matter or the proceeding.



Sec. 110.9  Miscellaneous.

    In accordance with Section 3507 of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 
1980 (44 U.S.C. 3507), the recordkeeping provisions in this rule have 
been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and there are 
no new requirements. The assigned OMB control number is 0581-AA39.



PARTS 111--159 [RESERVED]




[[Page 328]]



                       SUBCHAPTER F--NAVAL STORES





PART 160--REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR NAVAL STORES--Table of Contents




                                 General

Sec.
160.1  Definitions of general terms.
160.2  Spirits of turpentine defined.
160.3  Rosin defined.
160.4  Reclaimed rosin.
160.5  Standards for naval stores.
160.6  Standard designations for turpentine.
160.7  Gum spirits of turpentine.
160.8  Steam distilled wood turpentine.
160.9  Destructively distilled wood turpentine.
160.10  Sulphate wood turpentine.
160.11  Quality requirements.
160.12  Standard designations for rosin.
160.13  Grade designations for rosin.
160.14  Opaque rosin.

               Establishment of New and Modified Standards

160.15  New standards.
160.16  Modification of existing standards.

          Methods of Analysis, Inspection, Sampling and Grading

160.17  Laboratory analysis.
160.18  Determining the grade of rosin.
160.19  Samples of rosin for grading.
160.20  More than one grade in a container.
160.21  Rosin not fit for grading.
160.22  Collecting samples; issuing certificates.
160.23  Disposition of samples.

              Analysis, Inspection, and Grading on Request

160.24  Inspection on request.
160.24a  Inspection as to condition of drums containing rosin and the 
          quality and condition of the rosin therein upon request.
160.25  How requests shall be made.
160.26  Withdrawal of request.
160.27  Containers to be made ready.
160.28  Tank cars of turpentine.
160.29  Containers to remain intact.
160.30  Contents of containers to be designated.
160.31  Time and manner of sampling.
160.32  Marking containers.
160.33  Containers not acceptable for inspection.
160.34  Responsibility of interested person.
160.35  Illegible inspection marks.
160.36  Authority for changing marks.
160.37  Prior marks to be removed.

                Request Inspection by Licensed Inspectors

160.38  Permit to use licensed inspector.
160.39  Form of application for license or permit.
160.40  Applicant for license to be examined.
160.41  Issuance of temporary license.
160.42  Limitation of license.
160.43  Licensed inspector to be disinterested.
160.44  Other duties of licensed inspectors.
160.45  Conditions governing licensed inspection.
160.46  Identification of containers.
160.47  Periodic re-inspection.
160.48  Form of certificate.
160.49  Responsibility for inspection certificates and forms.
160.50  Reports to be made by accredited processors.
160.51  Report of non-conformance.
160.52  Suspension or revocation of licenses.
160.53  Stopping inspection by suspended inspector.
160.54  Suspension or revocation of permits.
160.55  Voluntary discontinuance of licensed inspection.
160.56  Compensation of licensed inspectors.
160.57  Fees for licensed inspection permits.
160.58  Fees for inspection and certification by licensed inspectors.
160.59  Appeal inspections.
160.60  Charge for appeal inspection.

                        Certificates and Reports

160.61  Kinds of certificates issued.
160.62  When a certificate may be issued.
160.63  When a certificate may not be issued.
160.64  Issuance of loan and sale certificate.
160.65  Prior certification required.

                 Fees and Charges for Services Rendered

160.66  Fees for inspection services.
160.67  Fees under cooperative agreements.
160.68  Collection of fees.
160.69  Expenses to be borne by person requesting service.
160.70  Rendition of claims.
160.71  Delinquent claims.

                Loan and Care of United States Standards

160.73  Availability of standards.
160.74  Loan of standards without security.
160.75  Loan of standards under security deposit.
160.76  Annual charge for use of standards.
160.77  Reporting on use of standards.
160.78  Loss or damage of standards.
160.79  Request for additional standards.
160.80  Denial of loan of additional standards.
160.81  Surrender of standards.
160.82  Return of security.
160.83  Miscellaneous receipts.

[[Page 329]]

                           Sales and Shipments

160.84  Identification of shipments.
160.85  Sale of mixed turpentine not lawful.
160.86  Prohibited use of United States Standards.
160.87  Prohibited use of word ``turpentine'' or derivatives thereof.
160.88  Permitted use of words ``turpentine'' and ``rosin.''
160.89  Medicinal preparations.

                    Labeling, Advertising and Packing

160.90  False, misleading, or deceitful practices.
160.91  Meaning of words ``pine'' and ``pine tree.''
160.92  Meaning of word ``gallon.''
160.93  Powdered rosin.
160.94  Spirits of turpentine for medicinal use.

                    Proceedings in Case of Violation

160.95  Proceedings prior to reporting violations of the act.
160.96  Report of violations for prosecution.
160.97  Publication.

               Specific Fees Payable for Services Rendered

160.201  Fees generally for field inspection and certification of naval 
          stores and drum containers of rosin.
160.202  Fees generally for laboratory analysis and testing.
160.203  Fees for inspection and certification of other naval stores 
          material.
160.204  Fees for extra cost and hourly rate service.
160.205  Permit fees for eligible processing plants under licensed 
          inspection.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 94, 1624.

    Source: 11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 
1952; 20 FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955, unless otherwise noted.

                                 General



Sec. 160.1   Definitions of general terms.

    The terms as defined in section 2 of the Naval Stores Act shall 
apply with equal force and effect when used in the provisions in this 
part. In addition, unless the context requires otherwise, the terms 
hereinafter set forth shall be defined respectively as follows:
    (a) Act: The Naval Stores Act of March 3, 1923 (42 Stat. 1435; 7 
U.S.C. 91-99).
    (b) Department: The United States Department of Agriculture.
    (c) Administrator: The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing 
Service of the Department, or any officer or employee of the Department 
to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority 
may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead.
    (d) Official inspector: Any person designated or licensed by the 
Secretary to sample, examine, analyze, classify or grade naval stores.
    (e) Licensed inspector: A person licensed by the Administrator upon 
recommendation of an accredited processor to act as an official 
inspector with respect to naval stores produced at an eligible 
processing plant of such processor.
    (f) Eligible processing plant: A plant which on examination by the 
Administrator has been found to be designed, operated, and staffed so as 
to permit proper samplings and inspections of the naval stores produced 
thereat, and where a substantial proportion of the output comes from 
oleoresin obtained from trees growing on land not owned or leased by the 
processor himself, or from oleoresin contained within felled trees or 
stumps removed from such land.
    (g) Accredited processor: Any person owning or having charge of or 
jurisdiction over the operation of an eligible processing plant, to whom 
a permit has been issued under these regulations to have inspections of 
naval stores made by a licensed inspector.
    (h) Interested person: Any person who is a party to a factual or 
prospective transaction in a specific lot of naval stores, whether as 
producer, seller, shipper, dealer, or purchaser thereof; or any person 
who in the opinion of the Administrator has sufficient and proper 
interest in the analysis, classification, grading, or sale of naval 
stores to merit the loan and use of duplicates of the United States 
Standards.
    (i) Dealer: Any person who sells or ships in commerce any naval 
stores produced by a person other than himself.
    (j) Cooperative agreement: A written agreement between the 
Department and any person specifying the conditions under which special 
inspection

[[Page 330]]

personnel may be designated and procedures established, not otherwise 
available under existing inspection programs, in order to make possible 
a continuous, day-by-day inspection of naval stores for such person, or 
to provide facilities for carrying out experimental studies on authentic 
naval stores related to the inspection and marketing thereof.
    (k) Standards: The official Naval Stores Standards of the United 
States for classification and grading of spirits of turpentine and 
rosin.
    (l) Analysis: Any examination by physical, chemical, or sensory 
methods.
    (m) Classification: Designation as to kind of spirits of turpentine 
or rosin.
    (n) Grading: Determination of the grade of turpentine or rosin by 
comparison with the standards.
    (o) Certificate: The official certificate issued under the 
provisions of the act and the provisions in this part to show the 
results of any examination, analysis, classification, or grading of 
naval stores by an official inspector.
    (p) Label: Any word, combination of words, coined or trade name, 
picturization of any natural scene or article, or any limitation 
thereof, applied to, superimposed upon, impressed into, or in any other 
manner attached to a container of naval stores or other article coming 
within the scope of the act, by which the nature, kind, quality, or 
quantity of the contents of such container may be indicated.
    (q) Container: Any receptacle in which naval stores are placed for 
inspection or distribution in commerce; includes barrel, drum, tank, 
tank car, bag, bottle, can, or other receptacle.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955; 46 FR 47055, Sept. 24, 1981; 47 FR 3344, Jan. 
25, 1982]



Sec. 160.2   Spirits of turpentine defined.

    Spirits of turpentine, also commonly known as turpentine, is the 
colorless or faintly colored volatile oil consisting principally of 
terpene hydrocarbons of the general empirical formula C10H16 
and having a characteristic odor and taste. It occurs naturally in and 
may be recovered by distillation from the oleoresinous secretions 
obtained from living trees of the family Pinaceae, or present in the 
cellular structure, or wood, of species thereof.



Sec. 160.3   Rosin defined.

    Except as provided in Sec. 160.15, rosin is the vitreous, well-
strained, transparent, solid resin which (a) remains after the volatile 
terpene oils are distilled from (1) the oleoresin collected from living 
trees or (2) the oleoresin extracted from wood; or (b) remains after 
distillation of the fatty acids from tall oil recovered from wood in the 
course of its chemical disintegration to produce cellulose. In addition 
to the free resin acids, rosin may contain relatively small proportions 
of fatty acids, resin esters and other esters, unsaponifiable resenes, 
and non-resinous foreign matter naturally occurring therein.



Sec. 160.4   Reclaimed rosin.

    Reclaimed rosin is rosin that has been recovered or reclaimed by any 
means from waste or deteriorated material: Provided, That such reclaimed 
product may be graded as rosin under the act and the provisions in this 
part only if the concentration of rosin acids therein has not been 
reduced below the concentration normal for rosin, and any residual or 
contaminating component remaining from the waste material itself or from 
any article used in the recovery process is not sufficient to cause the 
physical or chemical properties of the reclaimed product to differ 
substantially from the normal properties of rosin.



Sec. 160.5   Standards for naval stores.

    In addition to the standards of identity for spirits of turpentine 
and rosin and the grade designations for rosin specified in the act, 
certain standards for naval stores have been promulgated by the 
Administrator pursuant to the act as indicated in Sec. 160.301 et seq.



Sec. 160.6   Standard designations for turpentine.

    Spirits of turpentine within the meaning of the act and the 
provisions in this part shall be designated as ``gum spirits of 
turpentine,'' ``steam distilled wood turpentine,'' ``destructively 
distilled wood turpentine,'' or

[[Page 331]]

``sulphate wood turpentine,'' as the case may be.



Sec. 160.7   Gum spirits of turpentine.

    The designation ``gum spirits of turpentine'' shall refer to the 
kind of spirits of turpentine obtained by distillation of the oleoresin 
(gum) from living trees, and commonly known prior to the passage of the 
act as gum spirits, gum turpentine, spirits of turpentine, or oil of 
turpentine.



Sec. 160.8   Steam distilled wood turpentine.

    The designation ``steam distilled wood turpentine'' shall refer to 
the kind of spirits of turpentine obtained by steam distillation from 
the oleoresinous component of wood whether in the presence of the wood 
or after extraction from the wood, and commonly known prior to the 
passage of the act as wood turpentine, steam distilled turpentine, steam 
distilled wood turpentine, or S. D. wood turpentine.



Sec. 160.9   Destructively distilled wood turpentine.

    The designation ``destructively distilled wood turpentine'' shall 
refer to the kind of spirits of turpentine prepared from the distillate 
obtained in the destructive distillation (carbonization) of wood, and 
commonly known prior to the passage of the act as destructively 
distilled wood turpentine or D.D. wood turpentine.



Sec. 160.10   Sulphate wood turpentine.

    The designation ``sulphate wood turpentine'' shall refer to the kind 
of spirits of turpentine prepared from the condensates that are 
recovered in the sulphate process of cooking wood pulp, and commonly 
known as sulphate turpentine or sulphate wood turpentine.



Sec. 160.11   Quality requirements.

    The several standards for spirits of turpentine, as defined in 
Secs. 160.8 to 160.10, inclusive, shall be deemed to mean the respective 
kinds of spirits of turpentine having properties that conform with the 
standard specifications adopted therefor by the American Society for 
Testing Materials, contained in appendix A to this part.



Sec. 160.12   Standard designations for rosin.

    (a) Rosin within the meaning of the act and the provisions in this 
part shall be designated as ``gum rosin,'' ``wood rosin,'' or ``tall oil 
rosin,'' as the case may be.
    (b) The designation ``gum rosin'' shall refer to the kind of rosin 
remaining after the distillation of gum spirits of turpentine from the 
oleoresin (gum) obtained from living pine trees.
    (c) The designation ``wood rosin'' shall refer to the kind of rosin 
recovered after the distillation of the volatile oil from the oleoresin 
within or extracted from pine wood by any suitable process, followed by 
any necessary further refinement.
    (d) The designation ``tall oil rosin'' shall refer to the kind of 
rosin remaining after the removal of the fatty acids from tall oil by 
fractional distillation, and having the characteristic form and 
appearance and other physical and chemical properties normal for other 
kinds of rosin.



Sec. 160.13   Grade designations for rosin.

    The grades of rosin shall be designated, from highest to lowest, by 
the following letters, respectively: XC, XB, XA, X, WW, WG, N, M, K, I, 
H, G, F, E, D, B. In addition, the letters OP shall be used to designate 
the grade of opaque rosin, and the letters FF shall be used to designate 
the grade of normal wood rosin: Provided, That the product recovered in 
the refining of wood rosin, that is darker in color than the standard 
for FF grade, and that contains rosin acids in lesser quantity than is 
normal for such rosin, shall be graded and designated as B wood resin.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 33 
FR 8722, June 14, 1968]



Sec. 160.14   Opaque rosin.

    The term ``opaque rosin'' shall apply to the article resulting when 
rosin undergoes internal modification indicated by a turbid, clouded, or 
opaque appearance, that is, loss of transparency, brought about by the 
occlusion of moisture or the formation of an excessive quantity of resin 
acid crystals in the rosin.

[[Page 332]]

               Establishment of New and Modified Standards



Sec. 160.15   New standards.

    Whenever in the opinion of the Administrator a new standard for any 
naval stores is necessary in the interest of the trade, he shall 
announce a hearing thereon, to be held not less than 3 months subsequent 
to such announcement. Notice of the hearing stating the terms or 
description of the proposed new standard, or a summary thereof, shall be 
given by publication in the Federal Register and by such other means as 
may be practicable. The hearing shall be conducted by an official 
designated by the Administrator, and reasonable opportunity shall be 
afforded at the hearing to all interested persons to present their 
views, arguments and data, verbally or in writing, in favor of or in 
opposition to the proposed new standard. All relevant material presented 
at said hearing, or a summary thereof, and a recommendation as to 
adoption or rejection of the proposed new standard shall be transmitted 
to the Administrator for his consideration. A new standard established 
and promulgated by the Administrator shall become effective not less 
than 3 months after the promulgation thereof.



Sec. 160.16   Modification of existing standards.

    Whenever in the opinion of the Administrator a modification of an 
existing standard for naval stores is necessary in the interest of the 
trade, he shall announce a hearing thereon, to be held not less than 6 
months subsequent to such announcement. Notice of the hearing stating 
the terms or description of the proposed modification of any standard, 
or a summary thereof, shall be given by publication in the Federal 
Register and by such other means as may be practicable. The hearing 
shall be conducted by an official designated by the Administrator, and 
reasonable opportunity shall be afforded to all interested persons to 
present their views, arguments and data, verbally or in writing, in 
favor of or in opposition to the proposed modification. All relevant 
material presented at said hearing, or a summary thereof, and a 
recommendation as to adoption or rejection of the proposed modification 
shall be transmitted to the Administrator for his consideration. A 
modified standard established and promulgated by the Administrator shall 
become effective not less than 6 months after the promulgation thereof.

          Methods of Analysis, Inspection, Sampling and Grading



Sec. 160.17   Laboratory analysis.

    The analysis and laboratory testing of naval stores shall be 
conducted, so far as is practicable, according to methods of the 
American Society for Testing Materials. When any such method is deemed 
to be insufficient or unsuitable or when no method has been so 
presented, the analysis shall be made according to any method deemed 
appropriate by the Administrator.



Sec. 160.18   Determining the grade of rosin.

    The grade of rosin shall be determined by comparing a representative 
sample, taken and prepared in accordance with the provisions in this 
part, with the appropriate standard types. The grade shall be the grade 
designation of the standard type which the sample equals or excels in 
color, but below the next higher grade.



Sec. 160.19   Samples of rosin for grading.

    Samples of rosin for grading shall be approximately cubical in 
shape, and shall be seven-eighths inch thick in the direction through 
which they are viewed or graded. Samples may be taken by any of the 
following methods:
    (a) By cutting or cleaving the same from a lump of the rosin removed 
from the solid mass in the barrel or drum, the top side of which lump 
shall come from not less than 4 inches below the surface of the rosin.
    (b) By placing a tin mold of suitable design inside the barrel or 
drum through an opening in the side, the center of which opening is 
approximately 9 inches from the top or 12 inches from the bottom so that 
when the container is filled, the rosin within the mold will have come 
from a position not less than 4 inches below the surface of the rosin. 
The mold thus

[[Page 333]]

placed must be entirely within the barrel or drum and completely encased 
in the rosin.
    (c) By suspending in the barrel or drum of molten rosin a clean 
tinplate mold, \7/8\ inch square (inside) and 1\1/2\ inches or more in 
length, in such a manner that it will be in a horizontal position at 
least 2 inches below the surface of the rosin after it has thoroughly 
cooled. Such sample shall not be spiked from the barrel or drum until it 
is completely cooled.
    (d) By withdrawing a quantity of molten rosin from a full container 
of 150 pounds content or less, pouring the rosin into a suitable mold, 
and allowing it to cool and solidify slowly: Provided, That samples 
taken to represent a single batch or charge made by intermittent 
distillation of oleoresin shall be taken from not less than two 
containers, one of which shall be selected when one fourth of the batch 
has been placed in the containers, and the other shall be from the last 
container filled.
    (e) By withdrawing a quantity of molten rosin from a full drum that 
has been filled after a preliminary cooling period, pouring the rosin 
into a suitable mold, and allowing it to cool and solidify slowly: 
Provided, That such sample shall not be taken until at least one hour 
has elapsed after the drum was filled: And provided further, That the 
selection of drums to be sampled shall be in accordance with the method 
of selecting small containers as set forth in paragraph (d) of this 
section. Rosin in drums sampled in this manner will be graded and 
certified only when the sampling is performed by an official inspector. 
Rosin in open head barrels shall not be sampled by this method.
    (f) By collecting in a suitable vessel a quantity of molten rosin 
from each successive batch or charge as it is delivered into a tank car, 
pouring the respective quantities of rosin into suitable molds, and 
allowing them to cool and solidify: Provided, That any darkening of the 
rosin subsequent to such sampling will not be recognized as affecting 
the correctness of the grades assigned to the rosin at the time it was 
loaded in the car. Rosin so sampled while in process of being placed in 
a tank car will be graded and certified only when the sampling is 
performed by an official inspector.



Sec. 160.20   More than one grade in a container.

    When a sample from the bottom of a barrel or drum shows not more 
than one grade lower than that of a top sample taken in accordance with 
Sec. 160.19, the grade of the rosin shall be that of such top sample: 
Provided, That if such ``bottom head'' sample shows more than one grade 
lower than the top sample, the grade assigned to the rosin shall be that 
of the darkest or lowest grade of rosin in the container.



Sec. 160.21   Rosin not fit for grading.

    An article consisting of rosin with an excessive amount of trash or 
other visible extraneous foreign material, or an article that is of such 
color or appearance as not to permit its accurate classification and 
grading in accordance with the standards provided for rosin, shall not 
be classified, graded, marked, sold, or offered for sale in commerce as 
rosin.



Sec. 160.22   Collecting samples; issuing certificates.

    The collection of official samples for the purpose of putting into 
effect any of the provisions of the act, and the issuance of 
certificates reporting the results of any analysis, classification, or 
grading shall be limited to official inspectors and to such other 
personnel of the Department as may be authorized.



Sec. 160.23   Disposition of samples.

    All samples taken by an official inspector or submitted by an 
interested person shall become and remain the property of the 
Department, to be disposed of as the Administrator may determine.

              Analysis, Inspection, and Grading on Request



Sec. 160.24   Inspection on request.

    Insofar as it may be practicable, official inspectors shall sample, 
analyze, classify, or grade any naval stores at the request of any 
interested person, as provided for by the act and in accordance with the 
provisions in this part.

[[Page 334]]



Sec. 160.24a   Inspection as to condition of drums containing rosin and the quality and condition of the rosin therein upon request.

    Before or after the shipment in commerce of any lot of rosin in 
drums from a processing or storage point, and upon request by an 
interested person, an inspection may be made by an official inspector of 
the external appearance of the drums, and a report may be made by such 
inspector, on the basis of such inspection, of the condition, including 
soundness, of the drums with reference to the effect thereof upon the 
quality, and preservation of the quality, of the rosin in the drums. In 
conjunction with such service, when practicable, the inspector may upon 
similar request determine and certify the grade, class, other quality, 
or condition of the rosin within the drums, and report the internal 
condition of the drums, under any applicable standards and procedural 
instructions issued to such inspector by the Administrator. Certificates 
and reports issued under this section will be furnished only to the 
interested person requesting the service. Fees and charges for service 
under this section shall be paid by such interested person in accordance 
with Secs. 160.201, 160.202, and 160.204.

[20 FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955]



Sec. 160.25   How requests shall be made.

    An interested person desiring the analysis, classification, or 
grading of any naval stores, or of samples thereof, shall submit to the 
nearest official inspector a written request, in which he shall state 
the number and kind of containers of rosin, or the number and kind of 
containers and the number of gallons of turpentine, as the case may be, 
together with the name of the interested person for whose account such 
service is requested, his interest in the naval stores, and other 
information by which the identity of the naval stores in question and 
the propriety of its examination may be determined. Requests for 
seasonal or recurrent services shall so indicate, and the approximate 
quantity of naval stores to be graded and the duration of the desired 
service shall be stated. Fees for such service shall be paid in 
accordance with the provisions in this part.



Sec. 160.26   Withdrawal of request.

    A request for service under the provisions in this part may be 
withdrawn at any time before the service has been completed, on notice 
to the official inspector: Provided, however, That the interested person 
shall reimburse the United States for the time spent and any expenses 
incurred prior to receipt of such withdrawal notice.



Sec. 160.27   Containers to be made ready.

    The interested person shall cause the naval stores to be made 
available, and shall provide any held required to remove the bungs or 
heads, or otherwise open the containers for sampling, to spike the rosin 
or extract the sampler devices from the barrels or drums, to rebung or 
otherwise close the containers, to handle the commodity for weighing, 
and to mark the containers at the direction of the official inspector.



Sec. 160.28   Tank cars of turpentine.

    A tank car loaded for shipment with spirits of turpentine shall, 
after the same has been sampled for analysis, classification, and 
certification, be sealed by the official inspector. Any certificate 
issued thereon prior to shipment shall be valid only for a reasonable 
time to permit arrival at destination, and only so long as the seals 
placed thereon by the inspector remain unbroken.



Sec. 160.29   Containers to remain intact.

    The results of any analysis, classification, or grading of naval 
stores will be certifiable only if the containers holding such naval 
stores remain intact as sampled until the analysis, classification, or 
grading has been completed and the results reported, except when the 
container is a tank car subject to demurrage.



Sec. 160.30   Contents of containers to be designated.

    Prior to inspection at the request of the producer, containers of 
naval stores, other than tank cars, shall have marked thereon a 
designation by such producer of the kind or identity of the

[[Page 335]]

product in accordance with the standard of identity provided therefor by 
or under the act.



Sec. 160.31   Time and manner of sampling.

    Except when batch sampling is authorized at an eligible processing 
plant using licensed inspectors, samples of naval stores to be used for 
official inspection and certification shall be taken direct from the 
commercial containers holding such naval stores by or under the 
immediate supervision of the inspector at the time of inspection.



Sec. 160.32   Marking containers.

    The interested person shall provide any labor necessary for marking 
the containers, after the contents have been sampled and graded, at the 
direction of the official inspector. The container of an article which 
does not conform with any United States Standard for naval stores as to 
kind or grade, shall not be marked or certified, and any unauthorized 
marks appearing on the container shall be removed.



Sec. 160.33   Containers not acceptable for inspection.

    Any container so filled or packed as to conceal the fact that it 
contains anything other than naval stores within the meaning of the act 
or the provisions in this part, and any naval stores in a container 
deemed by an official inspector to be unsuitable for use as a container 
of naval stores in commerce, shall not be accepted for classification or 
grading.



Sec. 160.34   Responsibility of interested person.

    The sampling or acceptance of any sample of naval stores by an 
official inspector for use in grading and certifying the same at the 
request of an interested person, or the placing of any incorrect 
classification or grade marks upon the container thereof, or the issue 
of any incorrect certificate inadvertently to cover the contents, 
because of inability of the inspector to observe the true condition of 
the naval stores, shall not prevent the correction or recall of any such 
certificate, nor relieve the interested person from responsibility for 
the condition of the article or its container.



Sec. 160.35   Illegible inspection marks.

    In case any mark placed on a container of rosin by or under the 
direction of an official inspector has become illegible, he will make 
such examination before remarking as may be necessary to establish the 
proper grade or identity of the rosin. No fee will be charged for this 
service, but the cost of handling, opening, spiking, and closing the 
container shall be borne by the interested person.



Sec. 160.36   Authority for changing marks.

    No mark placed upon any container of naval stores by or at the 
direction of an official inspector shall be obliterated, covered up, 
defaced, or otherwise made illegible, except under authority of an 
official inspector.



Sec. 160.37   Prior marks to be removed.

    Any marking appearing on a container to be used for naval stores, 
relating to the kind, classification, grade, certification, or method of 
inspection of naval stores shall be removed by the user whenever such 
marking does not in all respects describe the kind, classification, 
grade, certification, and method of inspection of the naval stores to be 
placed therein.

                Request Inspection by Licensed Inspectors



Sec. 160.38   Permit to use licensed inspector.

    Any naval stores produced at an eligible processing plant, as herein 
defined, may be inspected, classified, graded, and certified by a 
licensed inspector, after the accredited processor has applied to and 
has been granted a permit by the Administrator to use a licensed 
inspector.



Sec. 160.39   Form of application for license or permit.

    Applications for licenses to inspect and permits to have inspections 
made by licensed inspectors shall be made to the Administrator upon 
forms provided for the purposes. Each such application shall fully and 
truly state the information therein required and shall be signed by the 
applicant.

[[Page 336]]



Sec. 160.40   Applicant for license to be examined.

    Each applicant for a license shall be required to demonstrate his 
qualifications and competency to perform the duties of an official 
inspector at such time and place and in such manner as may be determined 
by the Administrator.



Sec. 160.41   Issuance of temporary license.

    In a case of special urgency, and in the discretion of the 
Administrator, a temporary license may be issued without reference to 
Sec. 160.40 upon presentation of satisfactory evidence by the accredited 
processor of the need therefor and the competency of the applicant for 
such temporary license. Such processor shall receive prompt notice of 
the issuance of any such temporary license. A temporary licensee shall 
be subject to all the provisions in this part. A temporary license shall 
be valid for a specified period not to exceed 30 days, except that if 
application is made for a permanent license by a person at the same time 
he applies for a temporary license, any temporary license issued to him 
shall not expire until a permanent license has been denied or granted.



Sec. 160.42   Limitation of license.

    The license issued by the Administrator to a licensed inspector of 
naval stores shall state the name of the processing plant or plants at 
which the licensee may perform the duties of an official inspector, and 
shall be countersigned by such official as may be designated and 
authorized.



Sec. 160.43   Licensed inspector to be disinterested.

    No person who determines or controls sales policies or methods of 
distribution of an eligible processing plant, or the selling prices of 
the naval stores processed at such plant, shall be licensed as an 
inspector.



Sec. 160.44   Other duties of licensed inspectors.

    A licensed inspector may perform duties other than those of an 
official inspector, to the extent indicated by the accredited processor 
and not disapproved in writing by the Administrator: Provided, That such 
additional duties not pertaining to the official inspection work shall 
not be permitted to interfere with the proper performance of the duties 
of the licensee as an official inspector.



Sec. 160.45   Conditions governing licensed inspection.

    The work performed by licensed inspectors under the provisions in 
this part shall be supervised and reviewed by authorized representatives 
of the Administrator, who shall issue to such licensed inspectors 
instructions for taking, preserving, and identifying samples; marking 
and maintaining the identity of containers when filled; preparing, 
issuing, and disposing of certificates; the keeping of adequate 
inspection records; and such other procedures as may be necessary in 
carrying out the licensed inspection. The handling, sampling, grading, 
marking, and certification of naval stores at an eligible processing 
plant by a licensed inspector shall be conducted in accordance with such 
instructions and the provisions in this part.



Sec. 160.46   Identification of containers.

    Containers packed with naval stores which have been inspected, 
classified, graded, and certified by a licensed inspector at an eligible 
processing plant shall be marked to show the name and location or other 
acceptable identification of the plant, and the legend ``U.S. Graded'' 
or ``U.S. Inspected'', and, in the case of rosin, the batch number 
indicating the date of production.



Sec. 160.47   Periodic re-inspection.

    Any eligible processing plant may from time to time be re-inspected 
and any rosin produced by such plant may be graded or re-graded by any 
official inspector authorized to make such examinations. The results of 
such examinations shall be made known only to the affected processor, 
the licensed inspector, and to such employees of the Department 
officially authorized to receive such information.



Sec. 160.48   Form of certificate.

    The certificates issued under this part by licensed inspectors shall 
be on forms approved by the Administrator.

[[Page 337]]



Sec. 160.49   Responsibility for inspection certificates and forms.

    Certificate forms and other inspection record forms may be issued to 
an accredited processor, and the said processor shall be responsible for 
and accountable to the Department for all such material supplied to him. 
He shall require the licensed inspector to submit or otherwise make 
disposition of issued certificates in accordance with instructions 
received from the Administrator.



Sec. 160.50   Reports to be made by accredited processors.

    Each accredited processor shall furnish the Administrator such 
reports and other information relative to the operation and output of 
his eligible processing plant as the Administrator may deem necessary or 
appropriate for the administration of the provisions in this part 
applicable to licensed inspection, subject to the approval of the Bureau 
of the Budget. Failure by an accredited processor to keep such records 
as may be necessary for him to submit correct reports, or failure by the 
processor to supply correct information to the Administrator shall be 
deemed a violation of the provisions in this part, and cause for 
suspension or revocation of his inspection permit.



Sec. 160.51   Report of non-conformance.

    Each licensed inspector shall promptly report to his supervising 
inspector and to the accredited processor, any evidence of which he has 
knowledge indicating non-conformance with the provisions in this part, 
and shall also so report any attempt or effort to influence him to 
sample, grade, or certify any naval stores incorrectly or contrary to 
the provisions in this part.



Sec. 160.52   Suspension or revocation of licenses.

    (a) Any license to inspect, grade, and certify naval stores may be 
suspended or revoked for repeated failure by the licensee correctly to 
inspect, grade, classify, or certify naval stores, or upon the 
persistence of any condition which renders him unfit to perform the 
duties of a licensed inspector, or for other continued non-conformance 
with any provision of the act or the provisions in this part. A license 
may be suspended for similar failures, conditions or non-conformance of 
shorter duration or less serious nature.
    (b) A license to inspect, grade and certify naval stores may be 
summarily suspended or revoked by any official authorized to issue or 
countersign such licenses where the public health, interest, or safety 
so requires or for willful acts or omissions by the licensee which 
constitute grounds for suspension or revocation of his license under 
paragraph (a) of this section. In all other cases, prior to the 
institution of proceedings for the suspension or revocation of a 
license, such authorized official shall cause to be served upon the 
licensee, in person or by registered mail, a statement of the facts 
which appear to warrant such suspension or revocation, specifying a 
reasonable time, depending upon the circumstances in each case, within 
which the licensee may demonstrate or achieve compliance with the act, 
and the provisions in this part. The licensee may demonstrate compliance 
by the presentation of evidence in writing or, in the discretion of such 
authorized official, at an oral hearing. If, at the end of the time 
allowed for the licensee to demonstrate or achieve compliance, such 
authorized official finds he is in compliance, his license shall not be 
suspended or revoked. If such authorized official finds the licensee is 
not in compliance, the license may be suspended or revoked after service 
upon the licensee, in person or by registered mail, of a notice that 
such action is under consideration for reasons specified in the 
statement of facts previously served upon him and after reasonable 
opportunity is given the licensee to present further evidence in his 
behalf. Within 7 days after receipt of notice of the suspension or 
revocation of his license, the inspector by letter may appeal to the 
Administrator for its reinstatement and may attach to such letter any 
evidence he may wish to submit.



Sec. 160.53   Stopping inspection by suspended inspector.

    An accredited processor upon receipt of notice of the suspension or 
revocation of a license shall discontinue the

[[Page 338]]

use of the licensee as an official inspector, and the marking of his 
products to indicate official inspection, until the suspension is 
lifted, or another inspector is licensed or assigned.



Sec. 160.54   Suspension or revocation of permits.

    (a) Any permit issued to an accredited processor to have naval 
stores inspected, graded, and certified by a licensed inspector may be 
suspended or revoked for the failure of the processor, after official 
notice, to correct any condition which renders his plant unqualified for 
licensed inspection service, or for repeated or continued non-
conformance with any other provision of the act or the provisions in 
this part. A permit may be suspended for similar non-conformance or 
failure of shorter duration or less serious nature.
    (b) A permit for licensed inspection may be summarily suspended or 
revoked by any official authorized to issue or countersign such permits 
where the public health, interest, or safety so requires or for willful 
acts or omissions by the permittee which constitute grounds for 
suspension or revocation of his permit under paragraph (a) of this 
section. In all other cases, prior to the institution of proceedings for 
the suspension or revocation of a permit, such authorized official shall 
cause to be served upon the permittee, in person or by registered mail, 
a statement of the facts which appear to warrant such suspension or 
revocation, specifying a reasonable time, depending upon the 
circumstances in each case, within which the permittee may demonstrate 
or achieve compliance with the act and the provisions in this part. The 
permittee may demonstrate compliance by the presentation of evidence in 
writing or, in the discretion of such authorized official, at an oral 
hearing. If, at the end of the time allowed for the permittee to 
demonstrate or achieve compliance, such authorized official finds he is 
in compliance, his permit shall not be suspended or revoked. If such 
authorized official finds the permittee is not in compliance, the permit 
may be suspended or revoked after service upon the permittee, in person 
or by registered mail, of a notice that such action is under 
consideration for reasons specified in the statement of facts previously 
served upon him after reasonable opportunity is given the permittee to 
present further evidence in his behalf. Within 7 days after receipt of 
notice of the suspension or revocation of his permit, the processor by 
letter may appeal to the Administrator for its reinstatement, and may 
attach to such letter any evidence he may wish to submit.



Sec. 160.55   Voluntary discontinuance of licensed inspection.

    An accredited processor desiring to discontinue the use of licensed 
inspectors for making official inspections, gradings, and certifications 
of naval stores, shall give not less than 30 days notice in writing to 
the Administrator of the intention to discontinue such service. At the 
termination of the service such processor shall surrender to the 
authorized representative of the Administrator the permit for licensed 
inspection, together with all unused certificates, forms, or other 
supplies and equipment furnished by the Department and held by the 
processor for the use of his licensed inspectors, other than standards 
or such other material as may be covered by a separate loan application 
or agreement.



Sec. 160.56   Compensation of licensed inspectors.

    Each licensed inspector shall be paid directly by the accredited 
processor for his services as an official inspector and for such other 
services or duties to which he may be assigned in accordance with 
Sec. 160.44: Provided, That whenever the Administrator shall deem it to 
be in the best interest of the Federal inspection service, he may 
require such processor to report to him the terms and amounts of 
compensation paid to a licensed inspector during any specified period.



Sec. 160.57   Fees for licensed inspection permits.

    Each accredited processor shall pay to the Department annually such 
permit fee for each eligible processing plant for which a permit has 
been issued, as may be prescribed by the Administrator.

[[Page 339]]



Sec. 160.58   Fees for inspection and certification by licensed inspectors.

    Each accredited processor for whom naval stores have been inspected 
and certified hereunder by a licensed inspector during any calendar 
month shall on receipt of invoice pay to the Department the fee for each 
container of naval stores so inspected and certified as may be 
prescribed by the Administrator.



Sec. 160.59   Appeal inspections.

    Any inspection certificate issued by a licensed inspector may be 
appealed in writing to the Administrator, such appeal to state the 
circumstances, the certificate number, and the quantity and certified 
grade of the naval stores covered thereby. A prompt regrade inspection 
shall be made by an official inspector other than the original 
inspector.



Sec. 160.60   Charge for appeal inspection.

    If the findings in an appeal inspection confirm the original 
inspection, the accredited processor shall pay for such reinspection in 
accordance with the fees established for original inspections made by 
inspectors who are paid employees of the Department. If the findings do 
not confirm the original inspection, a corrected certificate will be 
issued and no charge will be made for re-inspection.

                        Certificates and Reports



Sec. 160.61   Kinds of certificates issued.

    A certificate as provided for by section 4 of the act shall be 
issued to the interested person in duplicate covering naval stores 
examined at his request, and additional copies, if desired, may be 
obtained from the inspector. The kind of certificates issued are as 
follows:
    (a) Turpentine analysis and classification certificate.
    (b) Turpentine field classification certificate.
    (c) Rosin classification and grade certificate.
    (d) Rosin grade and weight certificate.
    (e) Loan and sale certificate for United States graded rosin.
    (f) Classification and grade certificate for rosin in small 
containers.



Sec. 160.62   When a certificate may be issued.

    A certificate showing the results of any analysis, classification, 
or grading shall be issued on any naval stores which conform with a 
United States Standard as to kind and grade and which have been sampled 
by or under the direction and supervision of an official inspector in 
accordance with the provisions in this part. The certificate shall be 
valid only so long as the naval stores described therein shall remain 
under seal or in the identical condition obtaining at the time of their 
examination.



Sec. 160.63   When a certificate may not be issued.

    No certificate shall be issued for naval stores unless the naval 
stores have been packed, sampled, marked, and identified as required by 
the provisions in this part, and otherwise conform with the act and such 
provisions. The results of the examination of such naval stores or 
anything offered as such may be covered by a written report, which in no 
case shall be construed as a certificate.



Sec. 160.64   Issuance of loan and sale certificate.

    On request of the owner, a ``Loan and Sale Certificate for United 
States Graded Rosin'' (designated ``L. S. Certificate'' in this part) 
may be issued to cover any rosin for which a Rosin Classification and 
Grade Certificate has previously been issued by an official inspector, 
and which remains in the original container. No inspector shall issue 
and L. S. Certificate until he has made certain that the rosin had 
previously been officially inspected and certified. The request for such 
certificate may be made to the nearest inspector.



Sec. 160.65   Prior certification required.

    If an L. S. Certificate is desired for a quantity of rosin, a part 
of which has not been previously classified and graded by an official 
inspector and covered by a certificate, such part shall be so inspected, 
classified, graded, marked,

[[Page 340]]

and certified, as provided by the provisions in this part.

                 Fees and Charges for Services Rendered



Sec. 160.66   Fees for inspection services.

    The Administrator shall from time to time establish fees and charges 
for examination, sampling, classification, grading, analysis and 
certification of naval stores as he may deem fair and reasonable, and 
commensurate with the cost of the service rendered. Such fees and 
charges may be announced to the trade in such manner as the 
Administrator considers practicable.



Sec. 160.67   Fees under cooperative agreements.

    Fees and charges for any inspection and grading service covered by 
the terms of any cooperative agreement with any interested person may be 
established by and incorporated into such agreement.



Sec. 160.68  Collection of fees.

    Beginning October 1, 1981, all fees and charges assessed to 
interested parties for services rendered under the Naval Stores Act 
shall be collected by the Director, Tobacco Division, Agricultural 
Marketing Service, to cover insofar as practicable, all costs of 
providing such services. Such fees shall be credited to the Division in 
accordance with fiscal regulations of the Department.

[47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.69   Expenses to be borne by person requesting service.

    All expenses incurred by the United States in connection with the 
sampling, analysis, classification, or grading of naval stores on 
request, not otherwise provided for by suitable regulation, shall be 
borne by the person making the request.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 46 FR 47055, Sept. 24, 1981, and 
amended at 47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.70   Rendition of claims.

    As soon as practicable after the end of each month, or sooner if 
deemed advisable, there shall be mailed to each interested person at 
whose request any services have been performed, a claim for payment of 
moneys due the United States for the services rendered or for the loan 
or repair of any standards.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955. Redesignated at 46 FR 47055, Sept. 24, 1981, and 
amended at 47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.71   Delinquent claims.

    Any claim remaining unpaid after 30 days from the date of its 
rendition shall be considered as delinquent, and notice thereof shall be 
brought to the attention of the interested person. After a claim becomes 
delinquent, the Administrator shall suspend or deny inspection and 
related services to any interested party who has failed to make timely 
payment of the fees and charges assessed, as well as any claims which 
have been rendered, and shall take such action as may be necessary to 
collect any amounts due. A deposit in advance sufficient to cover the 
fees and expenses for any subsequent service may be required of any 
person failing to pay his claim after issuance of such notice of 
delinquency.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955. Redesignated and amended at 46 FR 47055, Sept. 
24, 1981; 47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]

                Loan and Care of United States Standards



Sec. 160.73   Availability of standards.

    (a) Standards available on loan. Duplicates of the United States 
Standards provided by the Department for classifying and grading rosin 
in commerce, shall remain the property of the Department, and may be 
loaned, but not sold, to such interested persons as may be approved by 
the Administrator. Any interested person desiring the loan of duplicates 
of the United States Standards for rosin shall submit to the 
Administrator a form application, properly signed, which will show his 
interest in naval stores and his eligibility to receive and use such 
duplicates, in accordance with the provisions in this part. Standards so 
loaned shall be returned promptly on request.
    (b) Standards available for purchase. Duplicate cubes for rosin 
standard

[[Page 341]]

grades XA, XB, and XC are not available from the Department but may be 
obtained commercially.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955; 33 FR 8722, June 14, 1968]



Sec. 160.74   Loan of standards without security.

    Duplicates of the United States Standards for rosin may be loaned 
without deposit of security, insofar as the supply in the possession of 
the Department will permit, to:
    (a) Any State, County, or Municipal official duly authorized to 
inspect and grade rosin, who is actually engaged in inspection and 
grading work, and who shall have been approved by the Administrator to 
act as custodian of such standards.
    (b) Any bona fide dealer or distributor of rosin who shall have been 
approved by the Administrator to act as depositary for such standards, 
and who shall maintain and operate a regular naval stores yard which is 
available to and is regularly used by other persons for the purpose of 
having rosin inspected, graded, stored, or sold thereon: Provided, 
however, That a person whose principal use of such standards is the 
grading of rosin of his own production shall not be deemed to come 
within the scope of this paragraph, but shall be required to post the 
security provided for in Sec. 160.75: And provided, further, That no 
person shall receive more than two sets of duplicates under this 
paragraph.
    (c) Any trade organization or institution of higher learning having 
a direct relationship to the production or marketing of naval stores 
other than by reason of the private interests or operations of its 
individual members, when in the opinion of the Administrator such 
standards are necessary to the normal functioning of the organization or 
institution.



Sec. 160.75   Loan of standards under security deposit.

    Duplicates of the United States Standards for rosin may be loaned to 
interested persons other than those specified in Sec. 160.74, on deposit 
with the Department of security in the sum of $100, by remittance 
payable to the Treasurer of the United States.



Sec. 160.76   Annual charge for use of standards.

    The cost of providing duplicates of the United States Standards for 
rosin, and of maintaining such duplicates in accurate and proper 
condition for use in grading rosin, and of keeping necessary records 
thereof, shall be borne by the interested persons to whom the duplicates 
have been issued under Sec. 160.74 (a) or (b) or Sec. 160.75, and shall 
be defrayed by an annual charge of $20.00 for each set of duplicates, 
payable at the end of each Government fiscal year, or on surrender of 
the duplicates, computed pro-rata for the number of quarters of the 
fiscal year during which the duplicates were held: Provided, That when 
any set of standards issued on loan shall need servicing more often than 
once in any fiscal year, in order to maintain them in accurate condition 
for grading, and the need for such extra servicing is deemed by the 
Administrator to be the result of improper handling and use of the 
standards by the interested person or his agent, such person shall pay 
an additional amount of $30.00 for each such additional servicing, plus 
the cost of any parts or components of the standards replaced in such 
servicing, and any postage charges incurred by the Department in 
connection therewith.

[11 FR 14665, Dec. 27, 1946, as amended at 17 FR 221, Jan. 9, 1952; 20 
FR 6433, Sept. 1, 1955; 46 FR 47055, Sept. 24, 1981; 47 FR 3345, Jan. 
25, 1982]



Sec. 160.77   Reporting on use of standards.

    Each person to whom any duplicates of the United States Standards 
for rosin have been loaned under any provision in this part shall, from 
time to time, submit such reports on the use and condition thereof as 
may be required by the Administrator.



Sec. 160.78   Loss or damage of standards.

    In case any duplicates become damaged or are missing, the person to 
whom they were loaned shall promptly inform the Administrator in 
writing, stating what damage or loss was sustained and how the same 
occurred. The cost of making necessary repairs to

[[Page 342]]

any duplicates, or of replacing those damaged beyond repair, or missing, 
shall be paid promptly by the person to whom they were originally 
loaned.



Sec. 160.79   Request for additional standards.

    Any person to whom any duplicates have been loaned without security 
deposit, who shall request and be granted the loan of additional 
duplicates to replace the original ones, shall be required to deposit 
the security provided for in Sec. 160.75 prior to the loan of such 
additional duplicates. If the set of duplicates first loaned to such 
person, or any part thereof, is recovered, it shall be returned for 
inspection or repair. The cost of any repairs or replacements shall be 
paid, whereupon such original set may be returned to such person, and he 
shall surrender the second set, on receipt of which the security posted 
therefor shall be returned.



Sec. 160.80   Denial of loan of additional standards.

    It shall be deemed impracticable under the act to loan additional 
duplicates to any person who has permitted duplicates previously loaned 
to him, without security, to become lost, damaged, or destroyed, if in 
the opinion of the Administrator, such loss, damage, or destruction 
resulted from any failure on the part of the interested person or his 
agent to take suitable precaution to prevent the loss, damage, or 
destruction, or when the available supply of duplicates is deemed 
insufficient to warrant the loan of additional duplicates to such 
person.



Sec. 160.81   Surrender of standards.

    On the death of any person, or the dissolution or reorganization of 
any partnership, firm, or corporation, holding any duplicates of the 
United States Standards for rosin, they shall be promptly returned to 
the Administrator by the holder thereof.



Sec. 160.82   Return of security.

    The security deposit received from any person to whom duplicates of 
the United States Standards for rosin have been loaned will be held in 
the special deposit account of the Department, and the same will be 
returned to the person from whom received, or his legal representative, 
on surrender of the duplicates secured thereby: Provided, That before 
refund is made the cost of any repairs or replacement shall be deducted.



Sec. 160.83   Miscellaneous receipts.

    All moneys received or withheld to cover the cost of repairs, or of 
replacing any missing parts of duplicates, or as rental for duplicates, 
shall be paid into the United States Treasury as Miscellaneous Receipts.

                           Sales and Shipments



Sec. 160.84   Identification of shipments.

    The invoice or contract of sale of any naval stores in commerce 
shall identify and describe the article in accordance with the 
classification and the standard of kind and grade provided by the act or 
established by the Administrator.



Sec. 160.85   Sale of mixed turpentine not lawful.

    Since no standard has been provided for a mixture of two or more 
kinds of spirits of turpentine, the sale in commerce of any such mixture 
is prohibited under any designation.



Sec. 160.86   Prohibited use of United States Standards.

    It shall be deemed unlawful under any condition to sell, under or by 
reference to any United States Standard for naval stores, as provided by 
the act and defined in the regulations in this part, any article which 
fails to conform with such standard in all respects: Provided, That the 
phrase ``under or by reference to United States Standards'' as it 
appears in the act and the regulations in this part, shall include the 
use of any words, letters, brands, labels, or marks constituting any of 
the United States Standards for naval stores on any container of naval 
stores, on anything attached to or supplied therewith on delivery, or on 
any inspection, sale, or shipping record or invoice, in describing the 
kind, classification, or grade of the naval stores covered thereby.

[[Page 343]]



Sec. 160.87   Prohibited use of word ``turpentine'' or derivatives thereof.

    It shall be deemed unlawful to use in commerce the word 
``turpentine'' or a compound, derivative or imitation thereof, or any 
word or combination of words which are a part of a United States 
Standard for any kind of spirits of turpentine, to describe in any 
manner a mixture of spirits of turpentine with any other oil or solvent.



Sec. 160.88   Permitted use of words ``turpentine'' and ``rosin.''

    The use of the word ``turpentine'' or the word ``rosin'' is not 
prohibited in the name of an article made, prepared, or processed from 
spirits of turpentine or rosin, or to indicate the process whereby such 
article was made or prepared: Provided, That this section shall not 
apply to any article covered by Sec. 160.87.



Sec. 160.89   Medicinal preparations.

    A compound or mixture containing spirits of turpentine or rosin, or 
both, with other drugs, when sold for medicinal purposes, is not subject 
to the provisions of the Naval Stores Act or of the provisions in this 
part.

                    Labeling, Advertising and Packing



Sec. 160.90   False, misleading, or deceitful practices.

    No label or other means or practice used in connection with the sale 
of naval stores in commerce or of anything offered as such shall be 
false, misleading, or deceitful in any manner.



Sec. 160.91   Meaning of words ``pine'' and ``pine tree.''

    The words ``pine'' or ``pine tree,'' when used to designate the 
source of spirits of turpentine, shall be deemed to mean a living, 
growing plant of the genus Pinus, family Pinaceae, unless the words 
``wood of'' are used in connection therewith. The terms ``oleoresin of 
the southern pine'' or ``oleoresin from the southern pine'' shall be 
deemed to mean the gum or oleoresin exuded by such living, growing 
trees, the source of gum spirits of turpentine.



Sec. 160.92   Meaning of word ``gallon.''

    The word ``gallon,'' when used on or impressed into any container of 
spirits of turpentine, or when used in an invoice referring to spirits 
of turpentine in containers of 10 gallons content or less, shall mean a 
United States standard gallon of 231 cubic inches of turpentine, 
regardless of any other definitive terms used therewith: Provided, That 
this shall not apply to the meaning of the words ``imperial gallon'', 
when placed on containers intended for foreign shipment. For the purpose 
of these regulations a measured gallon of turpentine, or any indicated 
multiple or fractional part thereof, shall be such quantity when 
measured at a temperature of not more than 75  deg.Fahrenheit, and a 
weighed gallon shall be construed to mean 7.2 pounds of turpentine.



Sec. 160.93   Powdered rosin.

    The classification and grade of any rosin sold in commerce in a 
powdered or finely broken condition shall be stated in the invoice or 
contract of sale in accordance with the kind and grade of the rosin 
before it was powdered or broken. For the purpose of preventing 
coalescence there may be incorporated in such article a limited and 
necessary quantity of inert, nonresinous foreign material: Provided, 
That the nature and quantity of such inert material shall be stated on 
the label.



Sec. 160.94   Spirits of turpentine for medicinal use.

    Spirits of turpentine so packed, described, labeled, or sold as to 
indicate that it is offered as a medicament shall nevertheless be 
subject to the requirements of the Naval Stores Act and of the 
provisions in this part, as well as any requirements under any other 
statute.

                    Proceedings in Case of Violation



Sec. 160.95   Proceedings prior to reporting violations of the act.

    Whenever it shall appear to the Administrator that any violation of 
the act should be reported to the United States Department of Justice 
for appropriate action, he shall serve notice in writing upon the person 
apparently responsible for the alleged violation

[[Page 344]]

and shall give such person an opportunity to show in duplicate to the 
Administrator within 20 days after the receipt of such notice why the 
alleged violation should not be reported to the Department of Justice. 
The person so notified may within the period stated apply for an 
opportunity to present his views in person, or by his attorney. If the 
Administrator deems the request appropriate he will designate a time and 
place for hearing the applicant.



Sec. 160.96   Report of violations for prosecution.

    In the event of failure of the person notified of an apparent 
violation of the act to submit to the Administrator a written answer as 
provided in Sec. 160.95, or if, after such person has filed his answer 
or in addition, been given an opportunity to present his views orally, 
no sufficient reason has been shown why the alleged violation should not 
be reported for prosecution, the General Counsel of the Department, 
acting for and on behalf of the Administrator, shall report the alleged 
violation to the Department of Justice for appropriate action.



Sec. 160.97   Publication.

    Composite data regarding inspections, analyses, classifications, and 
grading of naval stores made under any provision of the act or the 
provisions in this part may be published from time to time in such 
mediums as the Administrator may designate for the purpose.

               Specific Fees Payable for Services Rendered



Sec. 160.201  Fees generally for field inspection and certification of naval stores and drum containers of rosin.

    Except as provided in Sec. 160.204, the following fees shall be paid 
to the United States for the field inspection and certification of naval 
stores and drum containers of rosin, not conducted under a cooperative 
agreement and where laboratory analysis or testing is not required:
    (a) Inspections by licensed inspectors at eligible processing 
plants.
    (1) Rosin (grading and incidental certification as to class, 
condition and weight).
    (i) In drums (see Note 1) per drum--$1.24.
    (ii) In 100 pound bags (see Note 1) per bag--$.23.
    (iii) In tank cars, per car--$67.50.
    (iv) In tank trucks, per truck--$34.00.
    (2) Turpentine (Grading and incidental certification as to class, 
condition and volume).
    (i) In 55 gallon drums, per drum--$2.25.
    (ii) In tank cars or trucks, per unit of 100 gallons--$1.41.
    (iii) In bulk for delivery to tank steamer, per unit of 100 
gallons--$2.25.
    (b) Inspections by regularly employed, salaried Federal inspectors.
    (1) Rosin.
    (i) Grading and weighing at concentration and storage yards, per 
drum--$4.05.
    (ii) Irregular inspection and grading at distillation or processing 
plants, up to 400 drums, per drum--$3.60; all over 400 drums, per drum--
$2.25.
    (iii) Weighing at concentration and storage yards, subsequent to 
grading, per drum--$2.25.
    (iv) Examination of the external or internal appearance and 
condition of filled rosin drums, and of the rosin contained therein--See 
Note 2 and Sec. 160.204.
    (v) Re-certification under L.S. Certificate of rosin moving in 
commerce, per drum--$.23.
    (2) Turpentine (inspection and certification as to kind, condition, 
volume, etc.).
    (i) In drums of 55 gallons, per drum--$3.38.
    (ii) In tank cars or trucks, per unit of 100 gallons--$2.81.
    (iii) For bulk delivery to tank steamer, per unit of 100 gallons--
$2.25.

    Note 1: When the number of drums and bags inspected and certified at 
any plant during any calendar month is equivalent to a total of 2,400 or 
more drums (counting five bags as equivalent to one drum), the fee shall 
be computed at the rate of $1.01 per drum and $.18 per bag certified. 
For quantities less than the equivalent of 2,400 drums, the fee shall be 
computed at the prescribed rate of $1.24 per drum and $.23 per bag.
    Note 2: The inspection or related examination of containers of rosin 
and their contents under Section B(1)(iv) shall be performed only after 
the inspector or the Chief of the Marketing Programs Branch has been 
advised regarding the location, nature, scope, and purpose of the 
service desired, and the

[[Page 345]]

charge to be made therefore has been submitted to and accepted by the 
requesting person.

[47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.202  Fees generally for laboratory analysis and testing.

    Except as provided in Sec. 160.204, the following fees shall be paid 
to the United States for laboratory analysis and testing of naval 
stores, when not performed in the conduct of a cooperative agreement 
with respect to such products:
    (a) Rosin and turpentine. (See Note 3).
    (1) Comprehensive analysis to determine purity, specification 
compliance, or other chemical and physical properties related thereto:
    (i) Single Sample--$40.00.
    (ii) Two or more samples analyzed at same time per sample--$35.00.
    (2) Limited testing to determine kind, grade, or other factors 
related to quality of utility.
(i) Single Sample:
    (A) Rosin--$14.00.
    (B) Turpentine--$10.00.
(ii) Two or more samples tested at same time:
    (A) Rosin--per sample--$10.00.
    (B) Turpentine--per sample--$8.00.

    Note 3: The analysis and testing of rosin involves many different 
types of laboratory procedures, requiring variable time for performance, 
and including other cost factors. The charge for such analysis and 
testing will depend on the type and extent of the work required to 
supply the information desired by the interested person requesting the 
service. When it appears that the charges indicated in this section will 
not defray the costs of making the tests required, the interested person 
shall be informed before any work is performed and will be supplied with 
a cost estimate of the actual charges to be made. See also Sec. 160.204.

[47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.203   Fees for inspection and certification of other naval stores material.

    Whenever it shall be deemed practical and in the interest of the 
naval stores trade to sample, inspect, analyze and certify any naval 
stores material other than spirits of turpentine or rosin, at the 
request of an interested person, the fees for such inspection shall be 
the same as the fees prescribed for spirits of turpentine.

[17 FR 189, Jan. 8, 1952]



Sec. 160.204  Fees for extra cost and hourly rate service.

    The fees specified in Secs. 160.201 and 160.202 apply to the routine 
field inspection and usual laboratory work incident to the certification 
of commodities covered by those sections. Should additional work be 
required to provide special information desired by the person requesting 
service, or should it be necessary for an inspector to make a special 
trip or to deviate from his regular schedule of travel, or should the 
fees prescribed in Secs. 160.201 and 160.202 otherwise be insufficient 
to defray the cost to the Government for rendering such service, then 
the person requesting the service shall pay, in lieu of the prescribed 
fees, an amount computed by the Department as sufficient to defray the 
total cost thereof, including allowances for time spent in collecting 
and preparing samples obtaining identification records, traveling, 
performing laboratory tests or other necessary work, and also any 
expense incurred for authorized transportation and subsistence of the 
inspector or analyst while in travel status. The charge for time so 
spent shall be computed at the rate of $17.80 per hour for laboratory 
and field inspection work. The overtime rate for services performed 
outside the inspector's regularly scheduled tour of duty shall be 
$21.30. The rate of $26.70 shall be charged for work performed on 
Sundays or holidays.

[47 FR 3345, Jan. 25, 1982]



Sec. 160.205  Permit fees for eligible processing plants under licensed inspection.

    Initial permit fee--$20.00.
    Annual renewal permit fee--$20.00.

    Note: The renewal permit fee shall be reduced to $10 per year when 
the inspection fees paid by the eligible processing plant aggregate $200 
or more during the preceding fiscal year ended September 30, and shall 
be waived when such fees aggregate $400 or more during such fiscal year. 
Such reduced permit fee shall apply only in case the eligible processing 
plant has made use of the licensed inspection service.

[47 FR 3346, Jan. 25, 1982]

[[Page 346]]



                       SUBCHAPTERS G-H--[RESERVED]





                     SUBCHAPTER K--FEDERAL SEED ACT





PART 201--FEDERAL SEED ACT REGULATIONS--Table of Contents




          Rules and Regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture

                               definitions

Sec.
201.1  Meaning of words.
201.2  Terms defined.

                             administration

201.3  Administrator.

              records for agricultural and vegetable seeds

201.4  Maintenance and accessibility.
201.5  Origin.
201.6  Germination.
201.7  Purity (including variety).
201.7a  Treated seed.

                       labeling agricultural seeds

201.8  Contents of the label.
201.9  Kind.
201.10  Variety.
201.11  Type.
201.11a  Hybrid.
201.12  Name of kind and variety.
201.12a  Lawn and turf seed mixtures.
201.13  Lot number or other identification.
201.14  Origin.
201.15  Weed seeds.
201.16  Noxious weed seeds.
201.17  Noxious-weed seeds in the District of Columbia.
201.18  Other agricultural seeds (crop seeds).
201.19  Inert matter.
201.20  Germination.
201.21  Hard seed.
201.22  Date of test.
201.23  Name of shipper or consignee.
201.24  Code designation.
201.24a  Inoculated seed.

                        labeling vegetable seeds

201.25  Contents of the label.
201.26  Kind, variety, and hybrid.
201.27  Name of shipper or consignee.
201.28  Code designation.
201.29  Germination of vegetable seed in containers of 1 pound or less.
201.29a  Germination of vegetable seed in containers of more than 1 
          pound.
201.30  Hard seed.
201.30a  Date of test.
201.30b  Lot number or other lot identification of vegetable seed in 
          containers of more than 1 pound.
201.31  Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate 
          commerce.

                           labeling in general

201.31a  Labeling treated seed.
201.32  Screenings.
201.33  Seed in bulk or large quantities; seed for cleaning or 
          processing.
201.34  Kind, variety, and type; treatment substances; designation as 
          hybrid.
201.35  Blank spaces.
201.36  The words ``free'' and ``none.''

                          modifying statements

201.36a  Disclaimers and nonwarranties.

                               advertising

201.36b  Name of kind and variety; designation as hybrid.
201.36c  Hermetically-sealed containers.

                               inspection

201.37  Authorization.
201.38  Importations.

                sampling in the administration of the act

201.39  General procedure.
201.40  Bulk.
201.41  Bags.
201.42  Small containers.
201.43  Size of sample.
201.44  Forwarding samples.

            purity analysis in the administration of the act

201.45  Obtaining the working sample.
201.46  Weight of working sample.
201.47  Separation.
201.47a  Seed unit.
201.47b  Working samples.
201.48  Kind or variety considered pure seed.
201.49  Other crop seed.
201.50  Weed seed.
201.51  Inert matter.
201.51a  Special procedures for purity analysis.
201.51b  Purity procedures for coated seed.
201.52  Noxious-weed seeds.

           germination tests in the administration of the act

201.53  Source of seeds for germination.
201.54  Number of seeds for germination.
201.55  Retests.
201.55a  Moisture and aeration of substratum.
201.56  Interpretation.
201.56-1  Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae and Carpetweed family 
          Aizoaceae.

[[Page 347]]

201.56-2  Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).
201.56-3  Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).
201.56-4  Cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae).
201.56-5  Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).
201.56-6  Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).
201.56-7  Lily family, Liliaceae.
201.56-8  Flax family, Linaceae.
201.56-9  Mallow family, Malvaceae.
201.56-10  Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.
201.56-11  Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.
201.56-12  Miscellaneous plant families.
201.57  Hard seeds.
201.57a  Dormant seeds.
201.58  Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain other 
          specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

              examinations in the administration of the act

201.58a  Indistinguishable seeds.
201.58b  Origin.
201.58c  Detection of captan, mercury, or thiram on seed.
201.58d  Fungal endophyte test.

                               tolerances

201.59  Application.
201.60  Purity percentages.
201.61  Fluorescence percentages in ryegrasses.
201.62  Tests for determination of percentages of kind, variety, type, 
          hybrid, or offtype.
201.63  Germination.
201.64  Pure live seed.
201.65  Noxious weed seeds in interstate commerce.
201.66  [Reserved]

                             certified seed

201.67  Seed certifying agency standards and procedures.
201.68  Eligibility requirements for certification of varieties.
201.69  Classes of certified seed.
201.70  Limitations of generations for certified seed.
201.71  Establishing the source of all classes of certified seed.
201.72  Production of all classes of certified seed.
201.73  Processors and processing of all classes of certified seed.
201.74  Labeling of all classes of certified seed.
201.75  Interagency certification.
201.76  Minimum Land, Isolation, Field and Seed Standards.

  Additional Requirements for the Certification of Plant Materials of 
                              Certain Crops

201.77  Length of stand requirements.
201.78  Pollen control for hybrids.

                              imported seed

201.101  Exemptions.
201.102  Pure live seed.
201.103  Unadapted alfalfa and red clover.
201.104  Weed seeds.
201.105  Noxious weed seeds.
201.106  Mixtures not considered adulterations.

  Joint Rules and Regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury and the 
                        Secretary of Agriculture

                               definitions

201.201  Agricultural seeds.
201.202  Vegetable seeds.
201.203  Screenings.
201.204  Agricultural Marketing Service.
201.205  Collector of customs.
201.206  Pure live seed.
201.207  Other definitions.

                                sampling

201.208  Seed.
201.209  Screenings.
201.210  Method of sampling.
201.211  Bulk.
201.212  Bags.
201.213  Size of sample.
201.214  Sealing and identifying samples.
201.215  Statements to accompany samples.
201.216  Forwarding samples.
201.217  Notice to consignee.
201.218  Delivery under bond.
201.219  Notice of removal.

          evidence as to country or region where seed was grown

201.220  Certificate or declaration of origin.

                  exemptions, declarations and labeling

201.221  Exemptions.
201.221a  Table 5.
201.222  Declaration of purpose and labeling as to kind, variety, 
          hybrid, and treatment.

                               screenings

201.223  Screenings prohibited entry.
201.224  Screenings permitted entry.

             seed adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes

201.225  Cleaning or processing.
201.226  Destruction of refuse.
201.227  Report to collector of customs.

[[Page 348]]

                             misbranded seed

201.228  Correction of labeling.
201.228a  Declaration of labeling.

                               mixing seed

201.229  Prohibition against and exception.

                       rejected seed or screenings

201.230  Exportation or destruction.

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1592.

    Note: Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB 
control number 0581-0026 (47 FR 746, Jan. 7, 1982)

          Rules and Regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture

                               Definitions



Sec. 201.1   Meaning of words.

    Words in the regulations in this part in the singular form shall be 
deemed to import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may demand.

[5 FR 28, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.2   Terms defined.

    When used in the regulations in this part the terms as defined in 
section 101 of the Act, unless modified in this section as provided in 
the Act, shall apply with equal force and effect. In addition, as used 
in Secs. 201.1 through 201.159:
    (a) The Act. The term ``Act'' means the FSA approved August 9, 1939 
(53 Stat. 1275; 7 U.S.C. 1551-1611 as amended);
    (b) Person. The term ``person'' includes a partnership, corporation, 
company, society, association, receiver, or trustee;
    (c) Secretary. The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of 
Agriculture of the United States, or any officer or employee of the 
Department to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom 
authority may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead;
    (d) Hearing Clerk. The term ``Hearing Clerk'' means the Hearing 
Clerk, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC;
    (e) Respondent. The term ``respondent'' means a person against whom 
a complaint is issued;
    (f) Examiner. The term ``examiner'' means an employee of the 
Department of Agriculture, designated by the Secretary to conduct 
hearings under the act, and Secs. 201.1 through 201.159;
    (g) Federal Register. The term ``Federal Register'' means the 
publication provided by the Act of July 26, 1935 (49 Stat. 500), and 
acts supplementary thereto and amendatory thereof;
    (h) Agricultural seeds. The term ``agricultural seeds'' means the 
following kinds of grass, forage, and field crop seeds, that are used 
for seeding purposes in the United States:

Agrotricum--x Agrotriticum Ciferri and Giacom. 
Alfalfa--Medicago sativa L.
Alfilaria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.
Alyceclover--Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.
Bahiagrass--Paspalum notatum Fluegge
Barley--Hordeum vulgare L.
Barrelclover--Medicago truncatula Gaertn.
Bean, adzuki--Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi and Ohashi
Bean, field--Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Bean, mung--Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek
Beet, field--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beet, sugar--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Beggarweed, Florida--Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC.
Bentgrass, colonial--Agrostis capillaris L.
Bentgrass, creeping--Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) 
Farw.
Bentgrass, velvet--Agrostis canina L.
Bermudagrass--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon
Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. Aridus Harlan and 
de Wet
Bluegrass, annual--Poa annua L.
Bluegrass, bulbous--Poa bulbosa L.
Bluegrass, Canada--Poa compressa L.
Bluegrass, glaucantha--Poa glauca Vahl
Bluegrass, Kentucky--Poa pratensis L.
Bluegrass, Nevada--Poa secunda J.S. Presl
Bluegrass, rough--Poa trivialis L.
Bluegrass, Texas--Poa arachnifera Torr.
Bluegrass, wood--Poa nemoralis L.
Bluejoint--Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) P. Beauv.
Bluestem, big--Andropogon gerardii Vitm. var. gerardii
Bluestem, little--Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash
Bluestem, sand--Andropogon hallii Hack.
Bluestem, yellow--Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.
Bottlebrush-squirreltail--Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey
Brome, field--Bromus arvensis  L.
Brome, meadow--Bromus biebersteinii Roem. and Schult.
Brome, mountain--Bromus marginatus Steud.
Brome, smooth--Bromus inermis Leyss.
Broomcorn--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Buckwheat--Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

[[Page 349]]

Buffalograss--Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.
Buffelgrass--Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Burclover, California--Medicago polymorpha L.
Burclover, spotted--Medicago arabica (L.) Huds.
Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.
Buttonclover--Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.
Canarygrass--Phalaris canariensis L.
Canarygrass, reed--Phalaris arundinacea L.
Carpetgrass--Axonopus fissifolius (Raddi) Kuhlm.
Castorbean--Ricinus communis L.
Chess, soft--Bromus hordeaceus L.
Chickpea--Cicer arietinum L.
Clover, alsike--Trifolium hybridum L.
Clover, arrowleaf--Trifolium vesiculosum Savi
Clover, berseem--Trifolium alexandrinum L.
Clover, cluster--Trifolium glomeratum L.
Clover, crimson--Trifolium incarnatum L.
Clover, Kenya--Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
Clover, ladino--Trifolium repens L.
Clover, lappa--Trifolium lappaceum L.
Clover, large hop--Trifolium campestre Schreb.
Clover, Persian--Trifolium resupinatum L.
Clover, red or
    Red clover, mammoth--Trifolium pratense L.
    Red clover, medium--Trifolium pratense L.
Clover, rose--Trifolium hirtum All.
Clover, small hop or suckling--Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Clover, strawberry--Trifolium fragiferum L.
Clover, sub or subterranean--Trifolium subterraneum L.
Clover, white--Trifolium repens L. (also see Clover, ladino)
Clover--(also see Alyceclover, Burclover, Buttonclover, Sourclover, 
Sweetclover)
Corn, field--Zea mays L.
Corn, pop--Zea mays L.
Cotton--Gossypium spp.
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
Crambe--Crambe abyssinica R.E. Fries
Crested dogtail--Cynosurus cristatus L.
Crotalaria, lance--Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey.
Crotalaria, showy--Crotalaria spectabilis Roth
Crotalaria, slenderleaf--Crotalaria brevidens Benth. var. intermedia 
(Kotschy) Polh.
Crotalaria, striped or smooth--Crotalaria pallida Ait.
Crotalaria, sunn--Crotalaria juncea L.
Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.
Dallisgrass--Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst. and Forst. f.
Dropseed, sand--Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray
Emmer--Triticum dicoccon Schrank
Fescue, chewings--Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata Gaud.
Fescue, hair--Festuca tenuifolia Sibth.
Fescue, hard--Festuca brevipila Tracey
Fescue, meadow--Festuca pratensis Huds.
Fescue, red--Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra
Fescue, sheep--Festuca ovina L. var. ovina
Fescue, tall--Festuca arundinacea Schreb.
Flax--Linum usitatissimum L.
Galletagrass--Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.
Grama, blue--Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Steud.
Grama, side-oats--Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.
Guar--Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.
Guineagrass--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum
Hardinggrass--Phalaris stenoptera Hack.
Hemp--Cannabis sativa L.
Indiangrass, yellow--Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
Indigo, hairy--Indigofera hirsuta L.
Japanese lawngrass--Zoysia japonica Steud.
Johnsongrass--Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Kenaf--Hibiscus cannabinus L.
Kochia, forage--Kochia prostrata (L.) Schrad.
Kudzu--Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen and S. 
Almeida
Lentil--Lens culinaris Medik.
Lespedeza, Korean--Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino
Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese--Lespedeza cuneata
(Dum.-Cours.) G. Don
Lespedeza, Siberian--Lespedeza juncea (L. f.) Pers.
Lespedeza, striate--Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindler
Lovegrass, sand--Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood
Lovegrass, weeping--Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees
Lupine, blue--Lupinus angustifolius L.
Lupine, white--Lupinus albus L.
Lupine, yellow--Lupinus luteus L.
Manilagrass--Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.
Meadow foxtail--Alopecurus pratensis L.
Medic, black--Medicago lupulina L.
Milkvetch or cicer milkvetch--Astragalus cicer L.
Millet, browntop--Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf
Millet, foxtail--Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.
Millet, Japanese--Echinochloa frumentacea Link
Millet, pearl--Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.
Millet, proso--Panicum miliaceum L.
Molassesgrass--Melinis minutiflora Beauv.
Mustard, black--Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, white--Sinapis alba L.
Napiergrass--Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.
Needlegrass, green--Stipa viridula Trin.
Oat--Avena byzantina C. Koch, A. sativa L., A. nuda L.
Oatgrass, tall--Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.S. Presl and K.B. Presl
Orchardgrass--Dactylis glomerata L.

[[Page 350]]

Panicgrass, blue--Panicum antidotale Retz.
Panicgrass, green--Panicum maximum Jacq. var. trichoglume Robyns
Pea, field--Pisum sativum L.
Peanut--Arachis hypogaea L.
Poa trivialis--(see Bluegrass, rough)
Rape, annual--Brassica napus L. var. annua Koch
Rape, bird--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa
Rape, turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. silvestris (Lam.) Janchen
Rape, winter--Brassica napus L. var. biennis (Schubl. and Mart.) Reichb.
Redtop--Agrostis gigantea Roth
Rescuegrass--Bromus catharticus Vahl
Rhodesgrass--Chloris gayana Kunth
Rice--Oryza sativa L.
Ricegrass, Indian--Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and Schult.) Ricker
Roughpea--Lathyrus hirsutus L.
Rye--Secale cereale L.
Rye, mountain--Secale strictum (K.B. Presl) K.B. Presl subsp. strictum
Ryegrass, annual or Italian--Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Ryegrass, intermediate--Lolium x hybridum Hausskn.
Ryegrass, perennial--Lolium perenne L.
Ryegrass, Wimmera--Lolium rigidum Gaud.
Safflower--Carthamus tinctorius L.
Sagewort, Louisiana--Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt.
Sainfoin--Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
Saltbush, fourwing--Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.
Sesame--Sesamum indicum L.
Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) A.W. Hill
Smilo--Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss
Sorghum--Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Sorghum almum--Sorghum x almum L. Parodi
Sorghum-sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase
Sorgrass--Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a 
johnsongrass x sudangrass cross
Southernpea--(See Cowpea)
Sourclover--Melilotus indicus (L.) All.
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spelt--Triticum spelta L.
Sudangrass--Sorghum x drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. and Chase
Sunflower--Helianthus annuus L.
Sweetclover, white--Melilotus albus Medik.
Sweetclover, yellow--Melilotus officinalis Lam.
Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.
Sweetvetch, northern--Hedysarum boreale Nutt.
Switchgrass--Panicum virgatum L.
Timothy--Phleum pratense L.
Timothy, turf--Phleum bertolonii DC.
Tobacco--Nicotiana tabacum L.
Trefoil, big--Lotus uliginosus Schk.
Trefoil, birdsfoot--Lotus corniculatus L.
Triticale--x Triticosecale Wittm. (Secale x Triticum)
Vaseygrass--Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Veldtgrass--Ehrharta calycina J.E. Smith
Velvetbean--Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wight) Burck
Velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L.
Vetch, common--Vicia sativa L. subsp. sativa
Vetch, hairy--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. villosa
Vetch, Hungarian--Vicia pannonica Crantz
Vetch, monantha--Vicia articulata Hornem.
Vetch, narrowleaf or blackpod--Vicia sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.
Vetch, purple--Vicia benghalensis L.
Vetch, woollypod or winter--Vicia villosa Roth subsp. varia (Host) Corb.
Wheat, common--Triticum aestivum L.
Wheat, club--Triticum compactum Host
Wheat, durum--Triticum durum Desf.
Wheat, Polish--Triticum polonicum L.
Wheat, poulard--Triticum turgidum L.
Wheat x Agrotricum--Triticum x Agrotriticum
Wheatgrass, beardless--Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love
Wheatgrass, crested or fairway crested--Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.
Wheatgrass, crested or standard crested--Agropyron desertorum (Link) 
Schult.
Wheatgrass, intermediate--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
intermedia
Wheatgrass, pubescent--Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski subsp. 
intermedia
Wheatgrass, Siberian--Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy subsp. sibiricum 
(Willd.) Meld.
Wheatgrass, slender--Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinn.
Wheatgrass, streambank--Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. and J.G. Smith) 
Gould subsp. lanceolatus
Wheatgrass, tall--Elytrigia elongata (Host) Nevski
Wheatgrass, western--Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love
Wildrye, basin--Leymus cinereus (Scribn. and Merr.) A. Love
Wildrye, Canada--Elymus canadensis L.
Wildrye, Russian--Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski
Zoysia japonica--(see Japanese
lawngrass)
Zoysia matrella--(see Manilagrass)

    (i) Vegetable seeds. The term ``vegetable seeds'' means the seeds of 
the following kinds that are or may be grown in gardens or on truck 
farms and are or may be generally known and sold under the name of 
vegetable seeds:

Artichoke--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus
Asparagus--Asparagus officinalis Baker
Asparagusbean or yard-long bean--Vigna unguiculata (L.)
Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.
Bean, garden--Phaseolus vulgaris L.

[[Page 351]]

Bean, lima--Phaseolus lunatus L.
Bean, runner or scarlet runner--Phaseolus coccineus L.
Beet--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Broadbean--Vicia faba L.
Broccoli--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Brussels sprouts--Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera DC.
Burdock, great--Arctium lappa L.
Cabbage--Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.
Cabbage, Chinese--Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt
Cabbage, tronchuda--Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.
Cantaloupe--(see Melon)
Cardoon--Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. cardunculus
Carrot--Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.
Cauliflower--Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.
Celeriac--Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaud.
Celery--Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.
Chard, Swiss--Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla (L.) Koch
Chicory--Cichorium intybus L.
Chives--Allium schoenoprasum L.
Citron--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. citroides 
(Bailey) Mansf.
Collards--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Corn, sweet--Zea mays L.
Cornsalad--Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade
Cowpea--Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
Cress, garden--Lepidium sativum L.
Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch.
Cress, water--Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
Cucumber--Cucumis sativus L.
Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Wigg.
Dill--Anethum graveolens L.
Eggplant--Solanum melongena L.
Endive--Cichorium endivia L.
Gherkin, West India--Cucumis anguria L.
Kale--Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.
Kale, Chinese--Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra (Bailey) Musil
Kale, Siberian--Brassica napus L. var. pabularia (DC.) Reichb.
Kohlrabi--Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.
Leek--Allium porrum L.
Lettuce--Lactuca sativa L.
Melon--Cucumis melo L.
Muskmelon--(see Melon).
Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. and Coss.
Mustard, spinach--Brassica perviridis (Bailey) Bailey
Okra--Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench
Onion--Allium cepa L.
Onion, Welsh--Allium fistulosum L.
Pak-choi--Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt
Parsley--Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill
Parsnip--Pastinaca sativa L.
Pea--Pisum sativum L.
Pepper--Capsicum spp.
Pe-tsai--(see Chinese cabbage).
Pumpkin--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. maxima 
Duchesne
Radish--Raphanus sativus L.
Rhubarb--Rheum rhabarbarum L.
Rutabaga--Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.
Sage--Salvia officinalis L.
Salsify--Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Savory, summer--Satureja hortensis L.
Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.
Southernpea--(see Cowpea).
Soybean--Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Spinach--Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinach, New Zealand--Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Ktze.
Squash--Cucurbita pepo L., C. moschata (Duchesne) Poiret, and C. maxima 
Duchesne
Tomato--Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
Tomato, husk--Physalis pubescens L.
Turnip--Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa
Watermelon--Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai var. lanatus
    (j) Regulations. The term ``regulations'' means the rules and 
regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Agriculture and the joint 
rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury and 
the Secretary of Agriculture under the act.
    (k) Joint regulations. The term ``joint regulations'' means the 
joint rules and regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury 
and the Secretary of Agriculture.
    (l) Complete record. (1) The term ``complete record'' means 
information which relates to the origin, treatment, germination, and 
purity (including variety) of each lot of agricultural seed transported 
or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce, or which relates 
to the treatment, germination, and variety of each lot of vegetable seed 
transported or delivered for transportation in interstate commerce. Such 
information includes seed samples and records of declarations, labels, 
purchases, sales, cleaning, bulking, treatment, handling, storage, 
analyses, tests, and examinations.
    (2) The complete record kept by each person for each treatment 
substance or lot of seed consists of the information pertaining to his 
own transactions and the information received from others pertaining to 
their transactions with

[[Page 352]]

respect to each treatment substance or lot of seed.
    (m) Declaration. The term ``declaration'' means a written statement 
of a grower, shipper, processor, dealer, or importer giving for any lot 
of seed the kind, variety, type, origin, or the use for which the seed 
is intended.
    (n) Declaration of origin. The term ``declaration of origin'' means 
a declaration of a grower or country shipper in the United States 
stating for each lot of agricultural seed (1) kind of seed, (2) lot 
number or other identification, (3) State where seed was grown and the 
county where grown if to be labeled showing the origin as a portion of a 
State, (4) quantity of seed, (5) date shipped or delivered, (6) to whom 
sold, shipped, or delivered, and (7) the signature and address of the 
grower or country shipper issuing the declaration. If the declaration is 
issued by a grower and the identity of the person delivering the seed is 
unknown to the receiver, the motor vehicle license number or other 
identification of the delivering agency should be entered on the 
declaration by the receiver. If a country shipper's declaration includes 
seed shipped or delivered to him by another country shipper, it shall 
give for each lot the other country shipper's lot number as included in 
the other country shipper's declaration of origin.
    (o) Declaration of kind, variety, or type. The term ``declaration of 
kind, variety, or type'' means a declaration of a grower stating for 
each lot of seed (1) the name of the kind, variety, or type stated in 
accordance with Secs. 201.9 through 201.12, (2) lot number or other 
identification, (3) place where seed was grown, (4) quantity of seed, 
(5) date shipped or delivered, (6) to whom sold, shipped or delivered, 
and (7) the signature and address of the grower issuing the declaration.
    (p) Mixture. The term ``mixture'' means seeds consisting of more 
than one kind or variety, each present in excess of 5 percent of the 
whole.
    (q) Coated Seed. The term ``coated seed'' means any seed unit 
covered with any substance that changes the size, shape, or weight of 
the original seed. Seeds coated with ingredients such as, but not 
limited to, rhizobia, dyes, and pesticides are excluded.
    (r) Grower. The term ``grower'' means any person who produces 
directly or through a growing contract, or is a seed-crop sharer in seed 
which is sold, offered for sale, transported, or offered for 
transportation.
    (s) Country shipper. The term ``country shipper'' means any person 
located in a producing area who purchases seed locally for shipment to 
seed dealers or to other country shippers.
    (t) Dealer. The term ``dealer'' means any person who cleans, 
processes, sells, offers for sale, transports, or delivers for 
transportation seeds in interstate commerce.
    (u) Consumer. The term ``consumer'' means any person who purchases 
or otherwise obtains seed for sowing but not for resale.
    (v) Lot of seed. The term ``lot of seed'' means a definite quantity 
of seed identified by a lot number, every portion or bag of which is 
uniform, within permitted tolerances, for the factors which appear in 
the labeling.
    (w) Purity. The term ``purity'' means the name or names of the kind, 
type, or variety and the percentage or percentages thereof; the 
percentage of other agricultural seed or crop seed; the percentage of 
weed seeds, including noxious weed seeds; the percentage of inert 
matter; and the names of the noxious weed seeds and the rate of 
occurrence of each.
    (x) Inoculant. The term ``inoculant'' means a commercial preparation 
containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria applied to seed.
    (y) Hybrid. The term ``hybrid'' applied to kinds or varieties of 
seed means the first generation seed of a cross produced by controlling 
the pollination and by combining (1) two or more inbred lines; (2) one 
inbred or a single cross with an open pollinated variety; or (3) two 
selected clones, seed lines, varieties, or species. ``Controlling the 
pollination'' means to use a method of hybridization which will produce 
pure seed which is at least 75 percent hybrid seed. Hybrid designations 
shall be treated as variety names.
    (z) Processing. For the purpose of section 203 (b)(2)(C) of the act 
the term ``processing'' means cleaning, scarifying, or blending to 
obtain uniform quality, and other operations which

[[Page 353]]

would change the purity or germination of the seed and therefore require 
retesting to determine the quality of the seed, but does not include 
operations such as packaging, labeling, blending together of uniform 
lots of the same kind or variety without cleaning, or the preparation of 
a mixture without cleaning, any of which would not require retesting to 
determine the quality of the seed.
    (aa) Agricultural Marketing Service means the Agricultural Marketing 
Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
    (bb) Breeder seed. Breeder seed is a class of certified seed 
directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeding 
institution, or person, or designee thereof, and is the source for the 
production of seed of the other classes of certified seed.
    (cc) Foundation seed. Foundation seed is a class of certified seed 
which is the progeny of Breeder or Foundation seed and is produced and 
handled under procedures established by the certifying agency, in 
accordance with this part, for producing the Foundation class of seed, 
for the purpose of maintaining genetic purity and identity.
    (dd) Registered seed. Registered seed is a class of certified seed 
which is the progeny of Breeder or Foundation seed and is produced and 
handled under procedures established by the certifying agency, in 
accordance with this part, for producing the Registered class of seed, 
for the purpose of maintaining genetic purity and identity.
    (ee) Certified seed. Certified seed is a class of certified seed 
which is the progeny of Breeder, Foundation, or Registered seed, except 
as provided in Sec. 201.70, and is produced and handled under procedures 
established by the certifying agency, in accordance with this part, for 
producing the Certified class of seed, for the purpose of maintaining 
genetic purity and identity.
    (ff) Off-type. The term ``off-type'' means a plant or seed which 
deviates in one or more characteristics from that which has been 
described in accordance with Sec. 201.68(c) as being usual for the 
strain or variety.
    (gg) Inbred line. The term ``inbred line'' means a relatively true-
breeding strain resulting from at least five successive generations of 
controlled self-fertilization or of backcrossing to a recurrent parent 
with selection, or its equivalent, for specific characteristics.
    (hh) Single cross. The term ``single cross'' means the first 
generation hybrid between two inbred lines.
    (ii) Foundation single cross. The term ``foundation single cross'' 
means a single cross used in the production of a double cross, a three-
way, or a top cross.
    (jj) Double cross. The term ``double cross'' means the first 
generation hybrid between two single crosses.
    (kk) Top cross. The term ``top cross'' means the first generation 
hybrid of a cross between an inbred line and an open-pollinated variety 
or the first-generation hybrid between a single cross and an open-
pollinated variety.
    (ll) Three-way cross. The term ``three-way cross'' means a first 
generation hybrid between a single cross and an inbred line.
    (mm) Open-pollination. The term ``open-pollination'' means 
pollination that occurs naturally as opposed to controlled pollination, 
such as by detasselling, cytoplasmic male sterility, self-
incompatibility or similar processes.

[5 FR 28, Jan. 4, 1940]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting Sec. 201.2, 
see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids section of 
this volume.

                             administration



Sec. 201.3   Administrator.

    The Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service may perform 
such duties as the Secretary require in enforcing the provisions of the 
act and of the regulations in this part.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 13 FR 8731, Dec. 30, 1948; 19 FR 
57, Jan. 6, 1954; 59 FR 66491, Dec. 14, 1994]

              records for agricultural and vegetable seeds



Sec. 201.4   Maintenance and accessibility.

    (a) Each person transporting or delivering for transportation in 
interstate commerce agricultural or vegetable seed subject to the act 
shall keep for a period of 3 years a complete record of

[[Page 354]]

each lot of such seed so transported or delivered, including a sample 
representing each lot of such seed, except that any seed sample may be 
discarded 1 year after the entire lot represented by such sample has 
been disposed of by such person.
    (b) Each sample of agricultural seed retained shall be at least the 
weight required for a noxious-weed seed examination as set forth in 
Sec. 201.46 and each sample of vegetable seed retained shall consist of 
at least 400 seeds. The record shall be kept in such manner as to permit 
comparison with the records required to be kept by other persons for the 
same lot of seed so that the origin, treatment, germination, and purity 
(including variety) of agricultural seed and the treatment, germination 
and variety of vegetable seed may be traced from the grower to the 
ultimate consumer and so that the lot of seed may be correctly labeled. 
The record shall be accessible for inspection by the authorized agents 
of the Secretary for purposes of the effective administration of the act 
at any time during customary business hours.

[24 FR 3951, May 15, 1959, as amended at 32 FR 12778, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.5   Origin.

    (a) The complete record for any lot of seed of alfalfa, red clover, 
white clover, or field corn, except hybrid seed corn, shall include a 
declaration of origin, or information traceable to a declaration of 
origin or evidence showing that a declaration of origin could not be 
obtained.
    (b) Each country shipper shall retain a copy of each declaration 
which he issues and shall attach thereto a detailed record showing the 
names and addresses of growers or country shippers from whom the seed 
was purchased, the quantity of seed purchased from each, and the date on 
which it was delivered to him.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.6   Germination.

    The complete record shall include the records of all laboratory 
tests for germination and hard seed for each lot of seed offered for 
transportation in whole or in part. The record shall show the kind of 
seed, lot number, date of test, percentage of germination and hard 
seeds, and such other information as may be necessary to show the method 
used.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.7   Purity (including variety).

    The complete record for any lot of seed shall include (a) records of 
analyses, tests, and examinations including statements of weed seeds, 
noxious weed seeds, inert matter, other agricultural seeds, and of any 
determinations of kind, variety, or type and a description of the 
methods used; and (b) for seeds indistinguishable by seed 
characteristics, records necessary to disclose the kind, variety, or 
type, including a grower's declaration of kind, variety, or type or an 
invoice, or other document establishing the kind, variety, or type to be 
that stated, and a representative sample of the seed. The grower's 
declaration shall be obtained and kept by the person procuring the seed 
from the grower. A copy of the grower's declaration and a sample of the 
seed shall be retained by the grower.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955; 24 FR 
3951, May 15, 1959]



Sec. 201.7a   Treated seed.

    The complete record for any lot consisting of or containing treated 
seed shall include records necessary to disclose the name of any 
substance or substances used in the treatment of such seed, including a 
label or invoice or other document received from any person establishing 
the name of any substance or substances used in the treatment to be as 
stated, and a representative sample of the treated seed.

[32 FR 12778, Sept. 6, 1967]

                       labeling agricultural seeds



Sec. 201.8   Contents of the label.

    The label shall contain the required information in any form that is 
clearly legible and complies with the regulations in this part. The 
information may be on a tag attached securely to the container, or may 
be printed in a conspicuous manner on a side or the top of the 
container. The label may

[[Page 355]]

contain information in addition to that required by the act, provided 
such information is not misleading.

[5 FR 30 Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 24 FR 3952, May 15, 1959]



Sec. 201.9   Kind.

    The name of each kind of seed present in excess of 5 percent shall 
be shown on the label and need not be accompanied by the word ``kind.'' 
When two or more kinds of seed are named on the label, the name of each 
kind shall be accompanied by the percentage of each. When only one kind 
of seed is present in excess of 5 percent and no variety name or type 
designation is shown, the percentage of that kind may be shown as ``pure 
seed'' and such percentage shall apply only to seed of the kind named.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.10   Variety.

    (a) The following kinds of agricultural seeds are generally labeled 
as to variety and shall be labeled to show the variety name or the words 
``Variety Not Stated.''

    Alfalfa; Bahiagrass; Barley; Bean, field; Beet, field; Brome, 
smooth; Broomcorn; Clover, crimson; Clover, red; Clover, white; Corn, 
field; Corn, pop; Cotton; Cowpea; Crambe; Fescue, tall; Flax; Lespedeza, 
striate; Millet, foxtail; Millet, pearl; Oat; Pea, field; Peanut; Rice; 
Rye; Safflower; Sorghum; Sorghum-sudangrass, Soybean; Sudangrass; 
Sunflower; Tobacco; Trefoil, birdsfoot; Triticale; Wheat, common; Wheat, 
durum.

    (b) If the name of the variety is given, the name may be associated 
with the name of the kind with or without the words ``kind and 
variety.'' The percentage in such case, which may be shown as ``pure 
seed,'' shall apply only to seed of the variety named, except for the 
labeling of hybrids as provided in Sec. 201.11a. If separate percentages 
for the kind and the variety or hybrid are shown, the name of the kind 
and the name of the variety or the term ``hybrid'' shall be clearly 
associated with the respective percentages. When two or more varieties 
are present in excess of 5 percent and are named on the label, the name 
of each variety shall be accompanied by the percentage of each.

[32 FR 12778, Sept. 6, 1967, and 33 FR 10840, July 31, 1968, as amended 
at 35 FR 6108, Apr. 15, 1970; 59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.11   Type.

    (a) When type is designated, such designation may be associated with 
the name of the kind but shall in all cases be clearly associated with 
the word ``type.'' The percentage, which may be shown as ``pure seed'', 
shall apply only to the type designated. If separate percentages for the 
kind and the type are shown, such percentages shall be clearly 
associated with the name of the kind and the name of the type.
    (b) If the type designation does not include a variety name, it 
shall include a name descriptive of a group of varieties of similar 
character and the pure seed shall be at least 90 percent of one or more 
varieties all of which conform to the type designation.
    (c) If the name of a variety is used as a part of the type 
designation, the seed shall be of that variety and may contain: (1) An 
admixture of seed of other indistinguishable varieties of the same kind 
and of similar character; or, (2) an admixture of indistinguishable 
seeds having genetic characteristics dissimilar to the variety named by 
reason of cross-fertilization with other varieties. In either case, at 
least 90 percent of the pure seed shall be of the variety named or upon 
growth shall produce plants having characteristics similar to the 
variety named.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.11a   Hybrid.

    If any one kind or kind and variety of seed present in excess of 5 
percent is ``hybrid'' seed, it shall be designated ``hybrid'' on the 
label. The percentage that is hybrid shall be at least 95 percent of the 
percentage of pure seed shown unless the percentage of pure seed which 
is hybrid seed is shown separately. If two or more kinds or varieties 
are present in excess of 5 percent and are named on the label, each that 
is hybrid shall be designated as hybrid on the label. Any one kind or 
kind and variety that has pure seed which is less

[[Page 356]]

than 95 percent but more than 75 percent hybrid seed as a result of 
incompletely controlled pollination in a cross shall be labeled to show 
(a) the percentage of pure seed that is hybrid seed or (b) a statement 
such as ``Contains from 75 percent to 95 percent hybrid seed.'' No one 
kind or variety of seed shall be labeled as hybrid if the pure seed 
contains less than 75 percent hybrid seed.

[33 FR 10840, July 31, 1968]



Sec. 201.12   Name of kind and variety.

    The representation of kind or kind and variety shall be confined to 
the name of the kind or kind and variety determined in accordance with 
Sec. 201.34. The name shall not have affixed thereto words or terms that 
create a misleading impression as to the history or characteristics of 
the kind or variety.

[20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.12a  Lawn and turf seed mixtures.

    Seed mixtures intended for lawn and turf purposes shall be 
designated as a mixture on the label and each seed component shall be 
listed on the label in the order of predominance.

[49 FR 1172, Jan. 10, 1984]



Sec. 201.13   Lot number or other identification.

    The lot number or other identification shall be shown on the label 
and shall be the same as that used in the records pertaining to the same 
lot of seed.

[5 FR 30, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.14   Origin.

    (a) Alfalfa, red clover, white clover, and field corn (except hybrid 
seed corn) shall be labeled to show: (1) The origin, if known; or (2) if 
the origin is not known, the statement ``origin unknown.''
    (b) Whenever such seed originates in more than one State, the name 
of each State and the percentage of seed originating in each State shall 
be given in the order of its predominance. Whenever such seed originates 
in a portion of a State, it shall be permissible to label such seed as 
originating in such portion of a State.
    (c) Reasonable precautions to insure that the origin of seed is 
known shall include the maintaining of a record as described in 
Sec. 201.5. The examination of the seed and any pertinent facts may be 
taken into consideration in determining whether reasonable precautions 
have been taken to insure the origin to be that which is represented.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955; 32 FR 
12779, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.15   Weed seeds.

    The percentage of weed seeds shall include seeds of plants 
considered weeds in the State into which the seed is offered for 
transportation or transported and shall include noxious weed seeds.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.16   Noxious weed seeds.

    The names of the kinds of noxious weed seeds and the rate of 
occurrence of each shall be expressed in the label in accordance with, 
and the rate of occurrence shall not exceed the rate permitted by, the 
law and regulations of the State into which the seed is offered for 
transportation or is transported. If in the course of such 
transportation, or thereafter, the seed is diverted to another State of 
destination, the person or persons responsible for such diversion shall 
cause the seed to be relabeled with respect to noxious-weed seed 
content, if necessary, to conform to the laws and regulations of the 
State to which the seed is diverted.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.17   Noxious-weed seeds in the District of Columbia.

    Noxious-weed seeds in the District of Columbia are: Quackgrass 
(Agropyron repens), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), field bindweed 
(Convolvulus arvensis), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), giant 
bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon var. aridus), annual bluegrass (Poa 
annua), and wild garlic or wild onion (Allium canadense or Allium 
vineale). The name and number per pound of each kind of such noxious-

[[Page 357]]

weed seeds present shall be stated on the label.

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967, as amended at 35 FR 6108, Apr. 15, 1970; 59 
FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.18   Other agricultural seeds (crop seeds).

    Agricultural seeds other than those included in the percentage or 
percentages of kind, variety, or type may be expressed as ``crop seeds'' 
or ``other crop seeds,'' but the percentage shall include collectively 
all kinds, varieties, or types not named upon the label.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.19   Inert matter.

    The label shall show the percentage by weight of inert matter.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.20   Germination.

    The label shall show the percentage of germination each kind, or 
kind and variety, or kind and type, or kind and hybrid of agricultural 
seed present in excess of 5 percent or shown in the labeling to be 
present in a proportion of 5 percent or less: Provided, That this shall 
not apply to freshly harvested Kentucky bluegrass or sugar beet seed 
transported or delivered for transportation during the months of July, 
August, and September for seeding during the year in which the seed is 
produced.

[24 FR 3953, May 15, 1959, as amended at 32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967; 59 
FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.21   Hard seed.

    The label shall show the percentage of hard seed, if any is present, 
for any seed required to be labeled as to the percentage of germination, 
and the percentage of hard seed shall not be included as part of the 
germination percentage.

[24 FR 3953, May 15, 1959]



Sec. 201.22  Date of test.

    (a) The label shall show the month and year in which the germination 
test was completed. No more than 5 calendar months shall have elapsed 
between the last day of the month in which the germination test was 
completed and the date of transportation or delivery for transportation 
in interstate commerce, except for seed in hermetically sealed 
containers as provided in Sec. 201.36c in which case no more than 24 
calendar months shall have elapsed between the last day of the month in 
which the germination test was completed prior to packaging and the date 
of transportation or delivery for transportation in interstate commerce.
    (b) In the case of a seed mixture, it is only necessary to state the 
calendar month and year of such test for the kind or variety or type of 
agricultural seed contained in such mixture which has the oldest 
calendar month and year test date among the test conducted on all the 
kinds or varieties or types of agricultural seed contained in such 
mixture.
    (c) The following kinds shall be tested within the indicated time 
before interstate shipment:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Months 
                                                               from test
           Agricultural seeds and mixtures thereof              date to 
                                                                shipment
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bentgrass, Colonial..........................................         15
Bentgrass, Creeping..........................................         15
Bluegrass, Kentucky..........................................         15
Fescue, Chewings.............................................         15
Fescue, Hard.................................................         15
Fescue, Red..................................................         15
Fescue, Tall.................................................         15
Ryegrass, Annual.............................................         15
Ryegrass, Perennial..........................................         15
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967; 49 FR 
1172, Jan. 10, 1984; 59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.23   Name of shipper or consignee.

    The full name and address of either the shipper or consignee shall 
appear upon the label. If the name and address of the shipper are not 
shown upon the label, a code designation identifying the shipper shall 
be shown.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.24   Code designation.

    The code designation used in lieu of the full name and address of 
the person who transports or delivers seed for transportation in 
interstate commerce shall be approved by the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service or such other person as may be designated 
by him for the purpose. When

[[Page 358]]

used, the code designation shall appear on the label in a clear and 
legible manner.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 13 FR 8731, Dec. 30, 1948; 19 FR 
57, Jan. 6, 1954]



Sec. 201.24a   Inoculated seed.

    Seed claimed to be inoculated shall be labeled to show the month and 
year beyond which the inoculant on the seed is no longer claimed to be 
effective by a statement such as, ``Inoculant not claimed to be 
effective after--------(Month and year).''

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967]

                        labeling vegetable seeds



Sec. 201.25   Contents of the label.

    Vegetable seed in packets and in larger containers shall be labeled 
with the required information in any form that is clearly legible. Any 
tag used shall be securely attached to the container. The label may 
contain information in addition to that required by the act, provided 
such information is not misleading.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.26   Kind, variety, and hybrid.

    The label shall bear the name of each kind and variety present as 
determined in accordance with Sec. 201.34. The name shall not have 
affixed thereto words or terms that create a misleading impression as to 
the history or characteristics of kind or variety. If two or more kinds 
or varieties are present, the percentage of each shall be shown. If any 
one kind or variety named on the label is ``hybrid'' seed, it shall be 
so designated on the label. If two or more kinds or varieties are named 
on the label, each that is hybrid shall be shown as ``hybrid'' on the 
label. Any kind or variety that is less than 95 percent but more than 75 
percent hybrid seed as a result of incompletely controlled pollination 
in a cross shall be labeled to show (a) the percentage that is hybrid 
seed or (b) a statement such as ``Contains from 75 percent to 95 percent 
hybrid seed.'' No one kind or variety of seed shall be labeled as hybrid 
if it contains less than 75 percent hybrid seed.

[33 FR 10841, July 31, 1968, as amended at 59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.27   Name of shipper or consignee.

    The full name and address of either the shipper, or consignee, shall 
appear upon the label except that if the name and address of the shipper 
are not shown, a code designation identifying the shipper shall be 
shown.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.28   Code designation.

    The code designation used in lieu of the full name and address of 
the person who transports or delivers seed for transportation in 
interstate commerce shall be approved by the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service or such other person as may be designated 
by him for the purpose. When used, the code designation shall appear on 
the label in a clear and legible manner.

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 13 FR 8731, Dec. 30, 1948; 19 FR 
57, Jan. 6, 1954]



Sec. 201.29   Germination of vegetable seed in containers of 1 pound or less.

    Vegetable seeds in containers of 1 pound or less which have a 
germination equal to or better than the standard set forth in 
Sec. 201.31 need not be labeled to show the percentage of germination 
and date of test. Each variety of vegetable seed which has a germination 
percentage less than the standard set forth in Sec. 201.31 shall have 
the words ``Below Standard'' clearly shown in a conspicuous place on the 
label or on the face of the container in type no smaller than 8 points. 
Each variety which germinates less than the standard shall also be 
labeled to show the percentage of germination and the percentage of hard 
seed (if any).

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.29a   Germination of vegetable seed in containers of more than 1 pound.

    Each variety of vegetable seeds in containers of more than 1 pound 
shall be labeled to show the percentage of

[[Page 359]]

germination and the percentage of hard seed (if any).

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.30  Hard seed.

    The label shall show the percentage of hard seed, if any is present, 
for any seed required to be labeled as to the percentage of germination, 
and the percentage of hard seed shall not be included as part of the 
germination percentage.

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.30a   Date of test.

    When the percentage of germination is required to be shown, the 
label shall show the month and year in which the germination test was 
completed. No more than 5 calendar months shall have elapsed between the 
last day of the month in which the germination test was completed and 
the date of transportation or delivery for transportation in interstate 
commerce, except for seed in hermetically sealed containers in which 
case no more than 24 calendar months shall have elapsed between the last 
day of the month in which the germination test was completed prior to 
packaging and the date of transportation or delivery for transportation 
in interstate commerce.

[32 FR 12779, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.30b  Lot number or other lot identification of vegetable seed in containers of more than 1 pound.

    The lot number or other lot identification of vegetable seed in 
containers of more than 1 pound shall be shown on the label and shall be 
the same as that used in the records pertaining to the same lot of seed.

[35 FR 6108, Apr. 15, 1970]



Sec. 201.31  Germination standards for vegetable seeds in interstate commerce.

    The following germination standards for vegetable seeds in 
interstate commerce, which shall be construed to include hard seed, are 
determined and established under section 403(c) of the act:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Artichoke....................................................         60
Asparagus....................................................         70
Asparagusbean................................................         75
Bean, garden.................................................         70
Bean, lima...................................................         70
Bean, runner.................................................         75
Beet.........................................................         65
Broadbean....................................................         75
Broccoli.....................................................         75
Brussels sprouts.............................................         70
Burdock, great...............................................         60
Cabbage......................................................         75
Cabbage, tronchuda...........................................         70
Cardoon......................................................         60
Carrot.......................................................         55
Cauliflower..................................................         75
Celeriac.....................................................         55
Celery.......................................................         55
Chard, Swiss.................................................         65
Chicory......................................................         65
Chinese cabbage..............................................         75
Chives.......................................................         50
Citron.......................................................         65
Collards.....................................................         80
Corn, sweet..................................................         75
Cornsalad....................................................         70
Cowpea.......................................................         75
Cress, garden................................................         75
Cress, upland................................................         60
Cress, water.................................................         40
Cucumber.....................................................         80
Dandelion....................................................         60
Dill.........................................................         60
Eggplant.....................................................         60
Endive.......................................................         70
Kale.........................................................         75
Kale, Chinese................................................         75
Kale, Siberian...............................................         75
Kohlrabi.....................................................         75
Leek.........................................................         60
Lettuce......................................................         80
Melon........................................................         75
Mustard, India...............................................         75
Mustard, spinach.............................................         75
Okra.........................................................         50
Onion........................................................         70
Onion, Welsh.................................................         70
Pak-choi.....................................................         75
Parsley......................................................         60
Parsnip......................................................         60
Pea..........................................................         80
Pepper.......................................................         55
Pumpkin......................................................         75
Radish.......................................................         75
Rhubarb......................................................         60
Rutabaga.....................................................         75
Sage.........................................................         60
Salsify......................................................         75
Savory, summer...............................................         55
Sorrel.......................................................         65
Soybean......................................................         75
Spinach......................................................         60
Spinach, New Zealand.........................................         40
Squash.......................................................         75
Tomato.......................................................         75
Tomato, husk.................................................         50
Turnip.......................................................         80
Watermelon...................................................         70
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]

[[Page 360]]

                           labeling in general



Sec. 201.31a   Labeling treated seed.

    (a) Contents of label. Any agricultural seed or any mixture thereof 
or any vegetable seed or any mixture thereof, for seeding purposes, that 
has been treated shall be labeled in type no smaller than 8 point to 
indicate that the seed has been treated and to show the name of any 
substance or a description of any process (other than application of a 
substance) used in such treatment, in accordance with this section; for 
example,

    Treated with -------------------- (name of substance or process) or 
-------------------- (name of substance or process) treated.

If the substance used in such treatment in the amount remaining with the 
seed is harmful to humans or other vertebrate animals, the seed shall 
also bear a label containing additional statements as required by 
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section. The label shall contain the 
required information in any form that is clearly legible and complies 
with the regulations in this part. The information may be on the tag 
bearing the analysis information or on a separate tag, or it may be 
printed in a conspicuous manner on a side or top of the container.
    (b) Name of substance. The name of any substance as required by 
paragraph (a) of this section shall be the commonly accepted coined, 
chemical (generic), or abbreviated chemical name. Commonly accepted 
coined names are free for general use by the public, are not private 
trade-marks, and are commonly recognized as names of particular 
substances; such as thiram, captan, lindane, and dichlone. Examples of 
commonly accepted chemical (generic) names are: blue- stone, calcium 
carbonate, cuprous oxide, zinc hydroxide, hexachlorobenzene, and ethyl 
mercury acetate. The terms ``mercury'' or ``mercurial'' may be used in 
labeling all types of mercurials. Examples of commonly accepted 
abbreviated chemical names are: BHC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-
Hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane).
    (c) Mercurials and similarly toxic substances. (1) Seed treated with 
a mercurial or similarly toxic substance, if any amount remains with the 
seed, shall be labeled to show a representation of a skull and 
crossbones at least twice the size of the type used for information 
required to be on the label under paragraph (a) and shall also include 
in red letters on a background of distinctly contrasting color a 
statement worded substantially as follows: ``This seed has been treated 
with Poison,'' ``Treated with Poison,'' ``Poison treated,'' or 
``Poison''. The word ``Poison'' shall appear in type no less than 8 
point.
    (2) Mercurials and similarly toxic substances include the following:

Aldrin, technical
Demeton
Dieldrin
p-Dimethylaminobenzenediazo sodium sulfonate
Endrin
Ethion
Heptachlor
Mercurials, all types
Parathion
Phorate
Toxaphene
O - O - Diethyl-O-(isopropyl-4-methyl-6-py- rimidyl) thiophosphate
O, O-Diethyl-S-2-(ethylthio) ethyl phosphorodithioate

Any amount of such substances remaining with the seed is considered 
harmful within the meaning of this section.
    (d) Other harmful substances. If a substance, other than one which 
would be classified as a mercurial or similarly toxic substance under 
paragraph (c) of this section, is used in the treatment of seed, and the 
amount remaining with the seed is harmful to humans or other vertebrate 
animals, the seed shall be labeled with an appropriate caution statement 
in type no smaller than 8 point worded substantially as follows: ``Do 
not use for food,'' ``Do not use for feed,'' ``Do not use for oil 
purposes,'' or ``Do not use for food, feed, or oil purposes.'' Any 
amount of any substance, not within paragraph (c) of this section, used 
in the treatment of the seed, which remains with the seed is considered 
harmful within the meaning of this section when the seed is in 
containers of more than 4 ounces, except that the following substances 
shall not be deemed harmful when present at a rate less than the number 
of parts per million indicated:


[[Page 361]]


    Allethrin--2 p.p.m.
    Malathion--8 p.p.m.
    Methoxyclor--2 p.p.m.
    Piperonyl butoxide--8 p.p.m. on oat and sorghum and 20 p.p.m. on all 
other seeds.
    Pyrethrins--1 p.p.m. on oat and sorghum and 3 p.p.m. on all other 
seeds.

[24 FR 3953, May 15, 1959, as amended at 25 FR 8769, Sept. 13, 1960; 30 
FR 7888, June 18, 1965]



Sec. 201.32   Screenings.

    Screenings shipped in interstate commerce, if in containers, shall 
be labeled in a legible manner with letters not smaller than 18 point 
type and, if in bulk, shall be invoiced with the words, ``Screenings for 
processing--not for seeding.''

[5 FR 31, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.33   Seed in bulk or large quantities; seed for cleaning or processing.

    (a) In the case of seed in bulk, the information required under 
sections 201(a), (b), and (i) of the act shall appear in the invoice or 
other records accompanying and pertaining to such seed. If the seed is 
in containers and in quantities of 20,000 pounds or more, regardless of 
the number of lots included, the information required on each container 
under sections 201 (a), (b), and (i) of the act need not be shown on 
each container; Provided, That: (1) The omission from each container of 
a label with the required information is with the knowledge and consent 
of the consignee prior to the transportation or delivery for 
transportation of such seed in interstate commerce; (2) each container 
has stenciled upon it or bears a label containing a lot designation; and 
(3) the invoice or other records accompanying and pertaining to such 
seed bear the various statements required for the respective seeds.
    (b) Seed consigned to a seed cleaning or processing establishment, 
for cleaning or processing for seeding purposes, need not be labeled to 
show the information required on each container under sections 201 (a), 
(b), and (i) of the act if it is in bulk, or in containers and in 
quantities of 20,000 pounds or more regardless of the number of lots 
involved, and the invoice or other records accompanying and pertaining 
to such seed show that it is ``Seed for processing,'' or, if the seed is 
in containers and in quantities less than 20,000 pounds and each 
container bears a label with the words ``Seed for processing.'' If any 
such seed is later to be labeled as to origin and/or variety, the origin 
and/or variety as the case may be, shall be shown on the invoice if the 
seed is in bulk, otherwise, on a label, at the time of transportation to 
such establishment, except that if it is covered by a declaration of 
origin and/or variety it will be sufficient if the lot designation 
appearing in the declaration is placed on the invoice if the seed is in 
bulk, or on a label if the seed is in containers, regardless of the 
quantity.

[24 FR 3953, May 15, 1959]



Sec. 201.34   Kind, variety, and type; treatment substances; designation as hybrid.

    (a) Indistinguishable seed and treatment substances. Reasonable 
precautions to insure that the kind, variety, or type of 
indistinguishable agricultural or vegetable seeds and names of any 
treatment substance are properly stated shall include the maintaining of 
the records described in Sec. 201.7 or Sec. 201.7a. The examination of 
the seed and any pertinent facts may be taken into consideration in 
determining whether reasonable precautions have been taken to insure the 
kind, variety, or type of seed or any treatment substance on the seed is 
that which is shown. Reasonable precautions in labeling ryegrass seed as 
to kind shall include making or obtaining the results of a fluorescence 
test unless (1) the shortness of the time interval between receipt of 
the seed lot and the shipment of the seed in interstate commerce, or (2) 
dormancy of the seeds in the lot, or (3) other circumstances beyond the 
control of the shipper prevent such action before the shipment is made. 
Reasonable precautions in labeling ryegrass seed as to kind shall also 
include keeping separate each lot labeled on the basis of a separate 
grower's declaration, invoice, or other documents.
    (b) Name of kind. The name of each kind of agricultural or vegetable 
seed is the name listed in Sec. 201.2 (h) or (i), respectively, except 
that a name which

[[Page 362]]

has become synonymous through broad general usage may be substituted 
therefor, provided the name does not apply to more than one kind and is 
not misleading.
    (c) Hybrid designation. Seed shall not be designated in labeling as 
``hybrid'' seed unless it comes within the definition of ``hybrid'' in 
Sec. 201.2(y).
    (d) Name of variety. The name of each variety of agricultural or 
vegetable seed is the name determined in accordance with the following 
considerations:
    (1) The variety name shall represent a subdivision of a kind, which 
is characterized by growth, plant, fruit, seed, or other characters by 
which it can be differentiated from other sorts of the same kind.
    (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the name of a new 
variety shall be the name given by the originator or discoverer of the 
variety, except that in the event the originator or discoverer of a new 
unnamed variety, at the time seed of the variety is first introduced 
into channels of commerce of the United States for sale to the public, 
cannot or chooses not to name the variety, the name of the variety shall 
be the first name under which the seed is introduced into such commerce. 
However, if the variety name so provided is in a language not using the 
Roman alphabet, the variety shall be given a name by the person 
authorized under this paragraph to name the variety, in a language using 
the Roman alphabet.
    (3) The variety name shall not be misleading. The same variety name 
shall not be assigned to more than one variety of the same kind of seed.
    (4) The status under the Federal Seed Act of a variety name is not 
modified by the registration of such name as a trademark.
    (5) Names of varieties which through broad general usage prior to 
July 28, 1956 were recognized variety names, except for hybrid seed 
corn, shall be considered variety names without regard to the principles 
stated in paragraph (d)(2) of this section.
    (6) The variety name for any variety of hybrid seed corn first 
introduced into commercial channels in the United States for sale prior 
to October 20, 1951, shall be any name used for such variety in such 
channels prior to that date. The variety name for any variety of hybrid 
seed corn first introduced into commercial channels in the United States 
for sale on or after October 20, 1951, shall be the name assigned in 
accordance with paragraphs (d)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (e) [Reserved]

[20 FR 7928, Oct. 21, 1955]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.34, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.



Sec. 201.35   Blank spaces.

    Blank spaces on the label shall be deemed to imply the word 
``None,'' when such interpretation is reasonable.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.36   The words ``free'' and ``none.''

    The words ``free'' and ``none'' shall be construed to mean that none 
were found in a test complying with the methods set forth in 
Secs. 201.45-201.52.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940]

                          modifying statements



Sec. 201.36a   Disclaimers and nonwarranties.

    A disclaimer, nonwarranty, or limited warranty used in any invoice 
or other labeling, or advertisement shall not directly or indirectly 
deny or modify any information required by the act or the regulations in 
this part.

[15 FR 2394, Apr. 28, 1950]

                               advertising



Sec. 201.36b   Name of kind and variety; designation as hybrid.

    (a) The representation of the name of a kind or kind and variety of 
seed in any advertisement subject to the act shall be confined to the 
name of the kind or kind and variety determined in accordance with 
Sec. 201.34. The name shall not have associated therewith words or terms 
that create a misleading impression as to the history or characteristics 
of the kind or kind and variety. Descriptive terms and firm names may be 
used in kind or variety names provided the descriptive terms or firm 
names are a part of the name or

[[Page 363]]

variety of seed; for example, Stringless Green Pod, Detroit Dark Red, 
Black Seeded Simpson and Henderson Bush Lima. Seed shall not be 
designated as hybrid seed in any advertisement subject to the act unless 
it comes within the definition of ``hybrid'' in Sec. 201.2(y).
    (b) Terms descriptive as to color, shape, size, habit of growth, 
disease-resistance, or other characteristics of the kind or variety may 
be associated with the name of the kind or variety provided it is done 
in a manner which clearly indicates the descriptive term is not a part 
of the name of the kind or variety; for example, Oshkosh pepper 
(yellow), Copenhagen Market (round head) cabbage, and Kentucky Wonder 
(pole) garden bean.
    (c) Terms descriptive of quality or origin and terms descriptive of 
the basis for representations made may be associated with the name of 
the kind or variety: Provided, That the terms are clearly identified as 
being other than part of the name of the kind or variety; for example, 
Fancy quality redtop, Idaho origin alfalfa, and Grower's affidavit of 
variety Atlas sorghum.
    (d) Terms descriptive of the manner or method of production or 
processing the seed (for example, certified, registered, delinted, 
scarified, treated, and hulled), may be associated with the name of the 
kind or variety of seed, providing such terms are not misleading.
    (e) Brand names and terms taken from trademarks may be associated 
with the name of the kind or variety of seed as an indication of source: 
Provided, That the terms are clearly identified as being other than a 
part of the name of the kind or variety; for example, Ox Brand Golden 
Cross sweet corn. Seed shall not be advertised under a trademark or 
brand name in any manner that may create the impression that the 
trademark or brand name is a variety name. If seed advertised under a 
trademark or brand name is a mixture of varieties and if the variety 
names are not stated in the advertising, a description similar to a 
varietal description or a comparison with a named variety shall not be 
used if it creates the impression that the seed is of a single variety.

[21 FR 4652, June 27, 1956, as amended at 32 FR 12780, Sept. 6, 1967; 59 
FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.36c   Hermetically-sealed containers.

    The 5-month limitation on the date of test in Secs. 201.22 and 
201.30a shall not apply when the following conditions have been met:
    (a) The seed was packaged within 9 months after harvest;
    (b) The container used does not allow water vapor penetration 
through any wall, including the seals, greater than 0.05 grams of water 
per 24 hours per 100 square inches of surface at 100  deg.F. with a 
relative humidity on one side of 90 percent and on the other side of 0 
percent. Water vapor penetration or WVP is measured by the standards of 
the U.S. Bureau of Standards as:
gm. H2O/24 hr./100 sq. in./100  deg.F./90% RH V.0% RH;
    (c) The seed in the container does not exceed the percentage of 
moisture, on a wet weight basis, as listed below:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Agricultural seeds                        Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Beet, field..................................................        7.5
Beet, sugar..................................................        7.5
Bluegrass, Kentucky..........................................        6.0
Clover, crimson..............................................        8.0
Fescue, red..................................................        8.0
Mustard, India...............................................        5.0
Ryegrass, annual.............................................        8.0
Ryegrass, perennial..........................................        8.0
All others...................................................        6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                       Vegetable seeds                          Percent 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bean, garden.................................................        7.0
Bean, lima...................................................        7.0
Beet.........................................................        7.5
Broccoli.....................................................        5.0
Brussels sprouts.............................................        5.0
Cabbage......................................................        5.0
Cabbage, Chinese.............................................        5.0
Carrot.......................................................        7.0
Cauliflower..................................................        5.0
Celeriac.....................................................        7.0
Celery.......................................................        7.0
Chard, Swiss.................................................        7.5
Chives.......................................................        6.5
Collards.....................................................        5.0
Corn, sweet..................................................        8.0
Cucumber.....................................................        6.0
Eggplant.....................................................        6.0
Kale.........................................................        5.0
Kohlrabi.....................................................        5.0
Leek.........................................................        6.5
Lettuce......................................................        5.5
Melon........................................................        6.0
Mustard, India...............................................        5.0

[[Page 364]]

                                                                        
Onion........................................................        6.5
Onion, Welsh.................................................        6.5
Parsley......................................................        6.5
Parsnip......................................................        6.0
Pea..........................................................        7.0
Pepper.......................................................        4.5
Pumpkin......................................................        6.0
Radish.......................................................        5.0
Rutabaga.....................................................        5.0
Spinach......................................................        8.0
Squash.......................................................        6.0
Tomato.......................................................        5.5
Turnip.......................................................        5.0
Watermelon...................................................        6.5
All others...................................................        6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) The container is conspicuously labeled in not less than 8 point 
type to indicate (1) that the container is hermetically sealed, (2) that 
the seed has been preconditioned as to moisture content, and (3) the 
calendar month and year in which the germination test was completed.
    (e) The percentage of germination of vegetable seed at the time of 
packaging was equal to or above the standards in Sec. 201.31.

[32 FR 12780, Sept. 6, 1967, as amended at 59 FR 64491, Dec. 14, 1994]

                               inspection



Sec. 201.37   Authorization.

    When authorized by the Administrator of the Agriculture Marketing 
Service, or by such other person as may be designated for the purpose, 
Federal employees and qualified State officials, for the purposes of the 
act, may draw samples of, secure information and inspect records 
pertaining to, and otherwise inspect seeds and screenings subject to the 
act.

[15 FR 2394, Apr. 28, 1950, as amended at 59 FR 64492, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.38   Importations.

    Prior to release into the commerce of the United States, imported 
seed and screenings shall be inspected as provided in Secs. 201.208 and 
201.209.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940]

                sampling in the administration of the act



Sec. 201.39   General procedure.

    (a) In order to secure a representative sample, equal portions shall 
be taken from evenly distributed parts of the quantity of seed or 
screenings to be sampled. Access shall be had to all parts of that 
quantity. When more than one trierful of seed is drawn from a bag, 
different paths shall be followed. When more than one handful is taken 
from a bag, the handfuls shall be taken from well-separated points.
    (b) For free-flowing seed in bags or bulk, a probe or trier shall be 
used. For small free-flowing seed in bags a probe or trier long enough 
to sample all portions of the bag should be used.
    (c) Non-free-flowing seed, such as certain grass seed, uncleaned 
seed, or screenings, difficult to sample with a proble or trier, shall 
be sampled by thrusting the hand into the bulk and withdrawing 
representative portions. The hand is inserted in an open position and 
the fingers are held closely together while the hand is being inserted 
and the portion withdrawn.
    (d) As the seed or screenings are sampled, each portion shall be 
examined. If there appears to be a lack of uniformity, the portions 
shall not be combined into a composite sample but shall be retained as 
separate samples or combined to form individual-container samples to 
determine such lack of uniformity as may exist.
    (e) When the portions appear to be uniform, they shall be combined 
to form a composite sample.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 9950, Aug. 11, 1945; 25 FR 
8769, Sept. 13, 1960; 26 FR 10035, Oct. 26, 1961]



Sec. 201.40   Bulk.

    Bulk seeds or screenings shall be sampled by inserting a long probe 
or thrusting the hand into the bulk as circumstances require in at least 
seven uniformly distributed parts of the quantity being sampled. At 
least as many trierfuls or handfuls shall be taken as the minimum which 
would be required for the same quantity of seed or screenings in bags of 
a size customarily used for such seed or screenings.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 26 FR 10035, Oct. 26, 1961]

[[Page 365]]



Sec. 201.41   Bags.

    (a) For lots of six bags or less, each bag shall be sampled. A total 
of at least five trierfuls shall be taken.
    (b) For lots of more than six bags, five bags plus at least 10 
percent of the number of bags in the lot shall be sampled. (Round off 
numbers with decimals to the nearest whole number, raising 0.5 to the 
next whole number.) Regardless of the lot size it is not necessary that 
more than 30 bags be sampled.
    (c) Samples shall be drawn from unopened bags except under 
circumstances where the identity of the seed has been preserved.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 26 FR 10035, Oct. 26, 1961]



Sec. 201.42   Small containers.

    In sampling seed in small containers that it is not practical to 
sample as required in Sec. 201.41, a portion of one unopened container 
or one or more entire unopened containers may be taken to supply a 
minimum size sample, as required in Sec. 201.43.

[30 FR 7888, June 18, 1965]



Sec. 201.43   Size of sample.

    The following are minimum sizes of samples of agricultural seed, 
vegetable seed and screenings to be submitted for analysis, test, or 
examination:
    (a) Two ounces (57 grams) of grass seed not otherwise mentioned, 
white or alsike clover, or seeds not larger than these.
    (b) Five ounces (142 grams) of red or crimson clover, alfalfa, 
lespedeza, ryegrass, bromegrass, millet, flax, rape, or seeds of similar 
size.
    (c) One pound (454 grams) of sudangrass, proso millet, hemp, or 
seeds of similar size.
    (d) Two pounds (907 grams) of cereals, sorghum, vetch, or seeds of 
similar or larger size.
    (e) Two quarts (2.2 liters) of screenings.
    (f) Vegetable seed samples shall consist of at least 400 seeds.
    (g) Coated seed for a purity analysis shall consist of at least 
7,500 seed units. Coated seed for noxious-weed seed examination shall 
consist of at least 30,000 seed units. Coated seed for germination test 
only shall consist of at least 1,000 seed units.

[10 FR 9950, Aug. 11, 1945, as amended at 15 FR 2394, Apr. 28, 1950; 59 
FR 64492, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.44  Forwarding samples.

    Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the 
containers of samples shall be properly sealed and identified in such 
manner as may be prescribed by AMS. Samples of coated seed shall be 
forwarded in firmly packed crush-proof and moisture-proof containers.

[59 FR 64492, Dec. 14, 1994]

            purity analysis in the administration of the act



Sec. 201.45   Obtaining the working sample.

    (a) The working sample on which the actual analysis is made shall be 
taken from the submitted sample in such a manner that it will be 
representative.
    (b) The sample shall be repeatedly divided to the weight to be used 
for the working sample. Some form of efficient mechanical divider should 
be used. To avoid damaging large seeds and coated seeds, a divider 
should be used which will prevent the seeds from falling great distances 
onto hard surfaces. In case the proper mechanical divider cannot be used 
or is not available, the sample shall be thoroughly mixed and placed in 
a pile and the pile shall be repeatedly divided into halves until a 
sample of the desired weight remains.

[5 FR 32, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7929, Oct. 21, 1955; 25 FR 
8769, Sept. 13, 1960; 59 FR 64492, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.46   Weight of working sample.

    (a) Unmixed seed. The working samples for purity analysis and 
noxiousweed seed examination of unmixed seed shall be at least the 
weights set forth in table 1.
    (b) Mixtures consisting of one predominant kind of seed or a group 
of kinds of similar size. The weights of the purity and noxious-weed 
seed working samples in this category shall be determined by the kind or 
group of kinds which compromise more than 50 percent of the sample.

[[Page 366]]

    (c) Mixtures consisting of two or more kinds or groups of kinds of 
different sizes, none of which comprise over 50 percent of the sample. 
The weights of the purity working samples in this category shall be the 
weighted averages (to the nearest half gram) of the weights listed in 
table 1 for each of the kinds which comprise the sample determined by 
the following method: (1) Multiply the percentage of each component in 
the mixture (rounded off to the nearest whole number) by the sample 
sizes specified in column 2, table 1, (2) add all these products, (3) 
total the percentages of all components of the mixtures, and (4) divide 
the sum in paragraph (c)(2) of this section by the total in paragraph 
(c)(3) of this section. If the approximate percentage of the components 
of a mixture are not known they may be estimated. The weight of the 
noxious-weed seed working sample shall be determined by multiplying the 
weight of the purity working sample by 10 or by calculating the weighted 
average in the same manner described above for the purity working 
sample.
    (d) Coated seed.
    (1) Unmixed coated seed. Due to variation in the weight of coating 
materials, the size or weight of the working sample shall be determined 
separately for each lot. The weight of the working sample shall be 
determined by weighing 100 completely coated units and calculating the 
weight of 2,500 coated units for the purity analysis and 25,000 coated 
units for the noxious-weed seed examination.
    (2) Mixtures of coated seed. The working weight shall be determined 
in the following manner:
    (i) Calculate the weight of the working sample to be used for the 
mixture under consideration as though the sample were not coated by 
following paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
    (ii) Determine the amount of coating material on 100 coated units by 
weighing the coated units. Remove the coating material using the methods 
described in Secs. 201.51b (c) and (d). Calculate the percentage of 
coating material using the following formulas:

Weight of coating material = weight of 100 coated units - weight of 100 
de-coated units;
The percentage of coating material = weight of the coating material 
divided by the weight of 100 coated units  x  100%.

    (iii) The weight of the working sample shall be the product of the 
weight calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section multiplied by 
100%, divided by 100% minus the percentage of coating material 
calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section.

                    Table 1--Weight of Working Sample                   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Minimum               
                                    Minimum     weight for   Approximate
                                  weight for   noxious-weed   number of 
          Name of seed              purity         seed       seeds per 
                                   analysis     examination      gram   
                                    (grams)       (grams)               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Agricultural Seed                                                
                                                                        
Agrotricum.....................         65            500             39
Alfalfa........................          5             50            500
Alfilaria......................          5             50            440
Alyceclover....................          5             50            665
Bahiagrass:                                                             
    Var. Pensacola.............          5             50            600
    All other vars.............          7             50            365
Barley.........................        100            500             30
Barrelclover...................         10            100            250
Bean:                                                                   
    Adzuki.....................        200            500             11
    Field......................        500            500              4
    Mung.......................        100            500             24
Beet, field....................         50            500             55
Beet, sugar....................         50            500             55
Beggarweed, Florida............          5             50            440
Bentgrass:                                                              
    Colonial...................          0.25           2.5       13,000
    Creeping...................          0.25           2.5       13,515
    Velvet.....................          0.25           2.5       18,180
Bermudagrass...................          1             10          3,930

[[Page 367]]

                                                                        
Bermudagrass, giant............          1             10          2,950
Bluegrass:                                                              
    Annual.....................          1             10          2,635
    Bulbous....................          4             40            585
    Canada.....................          0.5            5          5,050
    Glaucantha.................          1             10    ...........
    Kentucky...................          1             10          3,060
    Nevada.....................          1             10          2,305
    Rough......................          0.5            5          4,610
    Texas......................          1             10          2,500
    Wood.......................          0.5            5          4,330
Bluejoint......................          0.5            5          8,461
Bluestem:                                                               
    Big........................          7             70            320
    Little.....................          5             50            525
    Sand.......................         10            100            215
    Yellow.....................          1             10          1,945
Bottlebrush-squirreltail.......          9             90            300
Brome:                                                                  
    Field......................          5             50            465
    Meadow.....................         13            130            190
    Mountain...................         20            200            140
    Smooth.....................          7             70            315
Broomcorn......................         40            400             60
Buckwheat......................         50            500             45
Buffalograss:                                                           
    (Burs).....................         20            200            110
    (Caryopses)................          3             30            740
Buffelgrass:                                                            
    (Fascicles)................          6             66            365
    (Caryopses)................          2             20          1,940
Burclover, California:                                                  
    (in bur)...................         50            500    ...........
    (out of bur)...............          7             70            375
Burclover, spotted                                                      
    (in bur)...................         50            500             50
    (out of bur)...............          5             50            550
Burnet, little.................         25            250            110
Buttonclover...................          7             70            365
Canarygrass....................         20            200            150
Canarygrass, reed..............          2             20          1,185
Carpetgrass....................          1             10          2,230
Castorbean.....................        500            500              5
Chess, soft....................          5             50            555
Chickpea.......................        500            500              2
Clover:                                                                 
    Alsike.....................          2             20          1,500
    Arrowleaf..................          4             40            705
    Berseem....................          5             50            455
    Cluster....................          1             10          2,925
    Crimson....................         10            100            330
    Kenya......................          2             20               
    Ladino.....................          2             20          1,935
    Lappa......................          2             20          1,500
    Large hop..................          1             10          5,435
    Persian....................          2             20          1,415
    Red........................          5             50            600
    Rose.......................          7             70            360
    Small hop..................          2             20          1,950
    Strawberry.................          5             50            635
    Sub........................         25            250            120
    White......................          2             20          1,500
Corn:                                                                   
    Field......................        500            500              3
    Pop........................        500            500              3
Cotton.........................        300            500              8
Cowpea.........................        300            500              8
Crambe.........................         25            250    ...........

[[Page 368]]

                                                                        
Crested dogtail................          2             20          1,900
Crotalaria:                                                             
    Lance......................          7             70            375
    Showy......................         25            250             80
    Slenderleaf................         10            100            205
    Striped....................         10            100            215
    Sunn.......................         75            500             35
Crownvetch.....................         10            100            305
Dallisgrass....................          4             40            620
Dichondra......................          5             50            470
Dropseed, sand.................          0.25           2.5       12,345
Emmer..........................        100            500             25
Fescue:                                                                 
    Chewings...................          3             30            900
    Hair.......................          1             10    ...........
    Hard.......................          2             20          1,305
    Meadow.....................          5             50            495
    Red........................          3             30            900
    Sheep......................          2             20          1,165
    Tall.......................          5             50            455
Flax...........................         15            150            180
Galletagrass:                                                           
    (Other than caryopses).....         10            100            260
    (Caryopses)................          5             50            580
Grama:                                                                  
    Blue.......................          2             20          1,595
    Side-oats:                                                          
        (Other than caryopses).          6             60            350
        (Caryopses)............          2             20          1,605
Guar...........................         75            500             35
Guineagrass....................          2             20          2,205
Hardinggrass...................          3             30            750
Hemp...........................         50            500             45
Indiangrass, yellow............          7             70            395
Indigo, hairy..................          7             70            435
Japanese lawngrass.............          2             20          1,325
Johnsongrass...................         10            100            265
Kenaf..........................         50            500    ...........
Kochia, forage.................          2             20          1,070
Kudzu..........................         25            250             80
Lentil.........................        120            500          14-23
Lespedeza:                                                              
    Korean.....................          5             50            525
    Sericea....................          3             30            820
    Siberian...................          3             30            820
    Striate....................          5             50            750
Lovegrass, sand................          1             10          3,585
Lovegrass, weeping.............          1             10          3,270
Lupine:                                                                 
    Blue.......................        500            500              7
    White......................        500            500              7
    Yellow.....................        300            500              9
Manilagrass....................          2             20    ...........
Meadow foxtail.................          3             30            893
Medic, black...................          5             50            585
Milkvetch......................          9             90            270
Millet:                                                                 
    Browntop...................          8             80            315
    Foxtail....................          5             50            480
    Japanese...................          9             90            315
    Pearl......................         15            150            180
    Proso......................         15            150            185
Molassesgrass..................          0.5            5          7,750
Mustard:                                                                
    Black......................          2             20          1,255
    India......................          5             50            625
    White......................         15            150            160
Napiergrass....................          5             50    ...........

[[Page 369]]

                                                                        
Needlegrass, green.............          7             70            370
Oat............................         75            500          35-50
Oatgrass, tall.................          6             60            417
Orchardgrass...................          3             30            945
Panicgrass, blue...............          2             20          1,370
Panicgrass, green..............          2             20          1,305
Pea, field.....................        500            500              4
Peanut.........................        500            500            1-3
Rape:                                                                   
    Annual.....................          7             70            345
    Bird.......................          7             70            425
    Turnip.....................          5             50            535
    Winter.....................         10            100            230
Redtop.........................          0.25           2.5       10,695
Rescuegrass....................         20            200            115
Rhodesgrass....................          1             10          4,725
Rice...........................         50            500             65
Ricegrass, Indian..............          7             70            355
Roughpea.......................         75            500             40
Rye............................         75            500             40
Rye, mountain..................         28            280             90
Ryegrass:                                                               
    Annual.....................          5             50            420
    Intermediate...............          8             80            338
    Perennial..................          5             50            530
    Wimmera....................          5             50    ...........
Safflower......................        100            500             30
Sagewort, Louisiana............          0.5            5          8,900
Sainfoin.......................         50            500             50
Saltbush, fourwing.............         15            150            165
Sesame.........................          7             70            360
Sesbania.......................         25            250            105
Smilo..........................          2             20          2,010
Sorghum........................         50            500             55
Sorghum almum..................         15            150            150
Sorghum-sudangrass.............         65            500             38
Sorgrass 1.....................         15            150            135
Sourclover.....................          5             50            660
Soybean........................        500            500           6-13
Spelt..........................        100            500             25
Sudangrass.....................         25            250            100
Sunflower......................        100            500    ...........
Sweetclover:                                                            
    White......................          5             50            570
    Yellow.....................          5             50            570
Sweet vernalgrass..............          2             20          1,600
Sweetvetch, northern...........         19            190            130
Switchgrass....................          4             40            570
Timothy........................          1             10          2,565
Timothy, turf..................          1             10          2,565
Tobacco........................          0.5            5         15,625
Trefoil:                                                                
    Big........................          2             20          1,945
    Birdsfoot..................          3             30            815
Triticale......................        100            500    ...........
Vaseygrass.....................          3             30            970
Veldtgrass.....................          4             40            655
Velvetbean.....................        500            500              2
Velvetgrass....................          1             10          3,360
Vetch:                                                                  
    Common.....................        150            500             19
    Hairy......................         75            500             35
    Hungarian..................        100            500             24
    Monantha...................        100            500    ...........
    Narrowleaf.................         50            500             60
    Purple.....................        100            500             22
    Woollypod..................        100            500             25
Wheat:                                                                  

[[Page 370]]

                                                                        
    Common.....................        100            500             25
    Club.......................        100            500             25
    Durum......................        100            500             25
    Polish.....................        100            500             25
    Poulard....................        100            500             25
Wheat x Agrotricum.............         65            500             38
Wheatgrass:                                                             
    Beardless..................          8             80            275
    Fairway crested............          4             40            685
    Standard crested...........          5             50            425
    Intermediate...............         15            150            175
    Pubescent..................         15            150            180
    Siberian...................          5             50    ...........
    Slender....................          7             70            295
    Streambank.................         10             50            370
    Tall.......................         15            150            165
    Western....................         10            100            250
Wildrye:                                                                
    Basin......................          8             80            317
    Canada.....................         11            110            190
    Russian....................          6             60            360
                                                                        
         Vegetable Seed                                                 
                                                                        
Artichoke......................        100            500             24
Asparagus......................        100            500             25
Asparagusbean..................        300            500              8
Bean:                                                                   
    Garden.....................        500            500              4
    Lima.......................        500            500              2
    Runner.....................        500            500              1
Beet...........................         50            300             60
Broadbean......................        500            500    ...........
Broccoli.......................         10             50            315
Brussels sprouts...............         10             50            315
Burdock, great.................         15            150    ...........
Cabbage........................         10             50            315
Cabbage, Chinese...............          5             50            635
Cabbage, tronchuda.............         10            100    ...........
Cardoon........................        100            500    ...........
Carrot.........................          3             50            825
Cauliflower....................         10             50            315
Celeriac.......................          1             25          2,520
Celery.........................          1             25          2,520
Chard, Swiss...................         50            300             60
Chicory........................          3             50            940
Chives.........................          5             50    ...........
Citron.........................        200            500             11
Collards.......................         10             50            315
Corn, sweet....................        500            500    ...........
Cornsalad:                                                              
    Vars. Fullhearted and Dark                                          
     Green Fullhearted.........          5             50    ...........
    All other vars.............         10             50            380
Cowpea.........................        300            500              8
Cress:                                                                  
    Garden.....................          5             50            425
    Upland.....................          2             35          1,160
    Water......................          1             25          5,170
Cucumber.......................         75            500             40
Dandelion......................          2             35          1,240
Dill...........................          3             50            800
Eggplant.......................         10             50            230
Endive.........................          3             50            940
Gherkin, West India............         16            160            153
Kale...........................         10             50            315
Kale, Chinese..................         10             50    ...........
Kale, Siberian.................          8             80            325
Kohlrabi.......................         10             50            315
Leek...........................          7             50            395

[[Page 371]]

                                                                        
Lettuce........................          3             50            890
Melon..........................         50            500             45
Mustard, India.................          5             50            625
Mustard, spinach...............          5             50            535
Okra...........................        100            500             19
Onion..........................          7             50            340
Onion, Welsh...................         10             50    ...........
Pak-choi.......................          5             50            635
Parsley........................          5             50            650
Parsnip........................          5             50            430
Pea............................        500            500              3
Pepper.........................         15            150            165
Pumpkin........................        500            500              5
Radish.........................         30            300             75
Rhubarb........................         50            300             60
Rutabaga.......................          5             50            430
Sage...........................         25            150            120
Salsify........................         50            300             65
Savory, summer.................          2             35          1,750
Sorrel.........................          2             35          1,080
Soybean........................        500            500           6-13
Spinach........................         25            150            100
Spinach, New Zealand...........        200            500             13
Squash.........................        200            500             14
Tomato.........................          5             50            405
Tomato, husk...................          2             35          1,240
Turnip.........................          5             50            535
Watermelon.....................        200            500            11 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass x sorghum cross or a        
  johnsongrass x sudangrass cross.                                      


[25 FR 8769, Sept. 13, 1960, and 30 FR 7888, June 18, 1965, as amended 
at 32 FR 12780, Sept. 6, 1967; 35 FR 6108, Apr. 15, 1970; 41 FR 20156, 
May 17, 1976; 46 FR 53635, Oct. 29, 1981; 59 FR 64492, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.47   Separation.

    (a) The working sample shall be weighed in grams to four significant 
figures and shall then be separated into four parts: (1) Kind or variety 
to be considered pure seed, (2) other crop seed, (3) weed seed, and (4) 
inert matter. The components shall be weighed in grams to the same 
number of decimal places as the working sample. The percentage of each 
part shall be determined to two decimal places.
    (b) Aids for the classification of pure seed, other crop seed, weed 
seed, and inert matter may include visual examination, use of 
transmitted light (diaphanoscope), or specific gravity (seed blowers). 
Specific instructions for classification of the various components are 
given in Secs. 201.47a to 201.51, inclusive.
    (c) The components shall be weighed and percentages calculated as 
follows:
    (1) For sample sizes less than 25 grams, all four components shall 
be weighed; the percentages shall be based on the sum of these weights 
and not on the original weight. The sum of these weights shall be 
compared with the original weight of the working sample as a check 
against the loss of material, or other errors.
    (2) For sample sizes of 25 grams or more, the components--other crop 
seed, weed seed, and inert matter--shall be weighed separately and their 
percentages determined by dividing these weights by the original weight 
of the working sample. The pure seed need not be weighed; its percentage 
may be determined by subtracting the sum of the percentages of the other 
three components from 100.

[[Page 372]]

    (d) When the working sample consists of two or more similar kinds or 
varieties which would be difficult to separate in the entire sample, it 
is permissible to weigh the similar kinds or varieties together as one 
component and make the separation on a reduced portion of the sample. At 
least 400 seeds or an equivalent weight shall be taken indiscriminately 
from the pure seed component and the separation made on this portion. 
The proportion of each kind present shall then be determined by weight 
and from this the percentage in the entire sample shall be calculated.
    (e) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) shall 
be used for the separation of pure seed and inert matter in seeds of 
Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, Pensacola variety 
of bahiagrass, orchardgrass, side-oats grama, and blue grama.
    (f) Procedures for purity analysis for coated seed are given in 
Sec. 201.51b.

[25 FR 8770, Sept. 13, 1960, as amended at 30 FR 7890, June 18, 1965; 46 
FR 53635, Oct. 29, 1981; 59 FR 64497, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.47a  Seed unit.

    The seed unit is the structure usually regarded as a seed in 
planting practices and in commercial channels. The seed unit may consist 
of one or more of the following structures:
    (a) True seeds;
    (b) For the grass family:
    (1) Caryopses and single florets;
    (2) Multiple florets and spikelets in tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum 
elatius), oat (Avena spp.), gramas (Bouteloua spp.), rhodesgrass 
(Chloris gayana), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and bluegrass (Poa spp.);
    (3) Entire spikelets in bahiagrass, bentgrasses, dallisgrass, 
guineagrass, browntop millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, 
panicgrasses, redtop, rice, switchgrass, and vaseygrass. Entire 
spikelets which may have attached rachis segments, pedicels, and sterile 
spikelets in big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, yellow 
bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, broomcorn, yellow indiangrass, 
johnsongrass, sorghum, sorghum- sudangrass, sorghum almum, sorgrass, and 
sudangrass;
    (4) Spikelet groups:
    (i) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as a unit in galletagrass;
    (ii) Spikelet groups that disarticulate as units with attached 
rachis and internodes bluestems, side-oats grama, and yellow 
indiangrass;
    (5) Fascicles of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris) consisting of 
bristles and spikelets;
    (6) Burs of buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides);
    (7) Bulblets of bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa);
    (8) Multiple units as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)(1).
    (c) Dry indehiscent fruits in the following plant families: 
Buckwheat (Polygonaceae), sunflower (Compositae), geranium 
(Geraniaceae), goosefoot (Chenopodiaceae), and valerian (Valerianaceae);
    (d) One- and two-seeded pods of small-seeded legumes (Leguminosae), 
burs of the burclovers (Medicago arabica, M. polymorpha), and pods of 
peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). (This does not preclude the shelling of 
small-seeded legumes for purposes of identification.) Pods of legumes 
normally containing more than two seeds, when occurring incidentally in 
the working sample, should be hulled if the kind is hulled when 
marketed;
    (e) Fruits or half fruits in the carrot family (Umbelliferae);
    (f) Nutlets in the following plant families: Borage (Boraginaceae), 
mint (Labiatae), and vervain (Verbenaceae);
    (g) ``Seed balls'' or portions thereof in multigerm beets, and 
fruits with accessory structures such as occur in other Chenopodiaceae 
and New Zealand spinach. For forage kochia refer to Sec. 201.48(j) and 
Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

[46 FR 53636, Oct. 29, 1981, as amended at 59 FR 64497, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.47b   Working samples.

    The purity working sample is the sample on which the purity analysis 
is made. The noxious-weed seed working sample is the sample on which the 
noxious-weed seed examination is made.

[20 FR 7930, Oct. 21, 1955]

[[Page 373]]



Sec. 201.48  Kind or variety considered pure seed.

    The pure seed shall include all seeds of each kind or each kind and 
variety under consideration present in excess of 5 percent of the whole. 
Seeds of kinds or kinds and varieties present to the extent of 5 percent 
or less of the whole may be considered pure seed if shown on the label 
as components of a mixture in amounts of 5 percent or less. The 
following shall be included with the pure seed:
    (a) Immature or shriveled seeds and seeds that are cracked or 
injured. For seeds of legumes (Leguminosae) and crucifers (Cruciferae) 
with the seed coats entirely removed refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(1);
    (b) Pieces of seeds which are larger than one-half of the original 
size. For separated cotyledons of legume seeds refer to 
Sec. 201.51(a)(2);
    (c) Insect-damaged seeds, provided that the damage is entirely 
internal, or that the opening in the seed coat is not sufficiently large 
so as to allow the size of the remaining mass of tissue to be readily 
determined. Weevil-infested vetch seeds, irrespective of the amount of 
insect damage, are to be considered pure seed, unless they are broken 
pieces one-half or less than the original size. For classification of 
broken pieces of seed units one-half or less than the original size, 
refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(2). Refer to Sec. 201.51(a)(3) for chalcid-
damaged seeds;
    (d) Seeds that have started to germinate;
    (e) Seeds of the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae) and the nightshade 
family (Solanaceae) whether they are filled or empty;
    (f) Intact fruits, whether or not they contain seed, of species 
belonging to the following families: Sunflower (Compositae), buckwheat 
(Polygonaceae), carrot (Umbelliferae), valerian (Valerianaceae), mint 
(Labiatae) and other families in which the seed unit may be a dry, 
indehiscent one-seeded fruit. For visibly empty fruits, refer to inert 
matter, Sec. 201.51(a)(6);
    (g) Seed units of the grass family listed in Sec. 201.47a(b) (1) 
through (5) if a caryopsis with some degree of endosperm development can 
be detected in the units, either by slight pressure or by examination 
over light. Species in which determination of endosperm development is 
not necessary are listed in paragraphs (g) (1) and (2) of this section. 
Refer to Secs. 201.48(h) and 201.51(a)(5) when nematode galls and fungal 
bodies have replaced the caryopsis in seed units. The following 
procedures apply to determine pure seed in the grass families listed 
below:
    (1) Intact burs of buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) shall be 
considered pure seed whether or not a caryopsis is present. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for burs which are visibly empty.
    (2) The Uniform Blowing Procedure described in Sec. 201.51a(a) shall 
be used to determine classification of florets into pure seed or inert 
matter for Kentucky bluegrass, Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, 
Pensacola variety of bahiagrass, side-oats grama, blue grama, and 
orchardgrass.
    (3) Special purity procedures for smooth brome, chewings fescue, red 
fescue, orchardgrass, fairway crested wheatgrass, standard crested 
wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, tall 
wheatgrass, and western wheatgrass are listed in Sec. 201.51a(b).
    (4) For methods of determining pure seed percentages of annual and 
perennial ryegrass, refer to Secs. 201.58(b)(10) and 201.58a(a).
    (h) Seed units with nematode galls, fungal bodies (i.e. ergot, other 
sclerotia, and smut) and spongy or corky caryopses that are entirely 
enclosed within the seed unit. Refer to Sec. 201.51(c)(1) for inert 
matter classification.
    (i) Seed units of beet and other Chenopodiaceae, and New Zealand 
spinach. Refer to Sec. 201.47a(g) and Sec. 201.51(a)(6) for definitions 
of seed units and inert matter, respectively.
    (j) Seed units of forage kochia that are retained on a 1 mm opening 
square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds. For inert matter, refer 
to Sec. 201.51(a)(7).

[46 FR 53636, Oct. 29, 1981, as amended at 59 FR 64497, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.49  Other crop seed.

    (a) Seeds of plants grown as crops (other than the kind(s) and 
variety(ies)

[[Page 374]]

included in the pure seed) shall be considered other crop seeds, unless 
recognized as weed seeds by applicable laws, or regulations, or by 
general usage. All interpretations and definitions for ``pure seed'' in 
Sec. 201.48 shall also apply in determining whether seeds are ``other 
crop seed'' or ``inert matter'' with the following two exceptions which 
may be applied as acceptable alternatives:
    (1) Uniform Blowing Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(a) for kinds listed in 
Sec. 201.47(e) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all seed units (as 
defined in Sec. 201.47a) for these kinds found in the working sample 
shall be manually separated into pure seed and inert matter. Only units 
containing at least one caryopsis with some degree of endosperm 
development which can be detected either by slight pressure or by 
examination over light are considered other crop seed.
    (2) Multiple Unit Procedure in Sec. 201.51a(b) for kinds listed in 
Sec. 201.48(g)(3) may be disregarded. If disregarded, all multiple units 
and single units (as defined in Sec. 201.51a(b)) for these kinds found 
in the working sample shall be manually separated into single florets. 
Each floret containing a caryopsis with some degree of endosperm 
development, which can be detected either by slight pressure or 
examination over light, is considered other crop seed. Empty florets and 
glumes, if present, are considered inert matter. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51(a)(4).
    (b) [Reserved]

[59 FR 64498, Dec. 14, 1994; 60 FR 2493, Jan. 10, 1995]



Sec. 201.50  Weed seed.

    Seeds (including bulblets or tubers) of plants shall be considered 
weed seeds when recognized as weed seeds by the law or rules and 
regulations of the State into which the seed is offered for 
transportation or transported; or by the law or rules and regulations of 
Puerto Rico, Guam, or District of Columbia into which transported, or 
District of Columbia in which sold; or found by the Secretary of 
Agriculture to be detrimental to the agricultural interests of the 
United States, or any part thereof. Damaged weed seeds and immature 
seedlike structures, as described in Sec. 201.51(b), shall be considered 
inert matter. Weed seeds, as defined above in this section, requiring 
further separation into weed seed and inert matter components are as 
follows:
    (a) Capsules and clusters of seeds of poverty rush (Juncus tenuis), 
and other species of rush (Juncus spp.) having seeds of similar size, 
are classed as weed seeds. For the classification of individual seeds of 
rush (Juncus spp.) refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(9);
    (b) For species having seeds larger than rush (Juncus spp.), the 
individual seeds are to be removed from fruiting structures such as pods 
and heads. The seeds are classified as weed seed and the remaining 
fruiting structures classified as inert matter.
    (c) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets that have any 
part of the husk remaining and are not damaged at the basal end are 
considered weed seeds regardless of size. Bulblets that are completely 
devoid of husk, and are not damaged at the basal end, and are retained 
by a \1/13\-inch (1.9 mm) round-hole sieve are considered weed seeds. 
For wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as inert 
matter, refer to Sec. 201.51(b)(5).

[46 FR 53636, Oct. 29, 1981, as amended at 59 FR 64498, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.51  Inert matter.

    Inert matter shall include seeds and seed-like structures from both 
crop and weed plants and other material not seeds as follows:
    (a) Seeds and seed-like structures from crop plants:
    (1) Seeds of legumes (Leguminosae) and crucifers (Cruciferae) with 
the seed coats entirely removed. Refer to Sec. 210.48(a) for pure seed 
classification.
    (2) Pieces of broken and damaged seed units, including those that 
are insect damaged, which are one-half the original size or less. If 
greater than one-half, refer to Sec. 201.48(b) and (c) for pure seed 
classification. Also included as inert matter are separated cotyledons 
of legumes, irrespective of whether or not the radicle-plumule axis and/
or more than one-half of the seed coat may be attached.
    (3) Chalcid-damaged seeds (puffy, soft, or dry and crumbly) of 
alfalfa, red clover, crimson clover, and similar

[[Page 375]]

kinds of small seeded legumes. Refer to Sec. 201.48(c) for pure seed 
classification.
    (4) Glumes and empty florets except as stated under pure seed. Refer 
to Sec. 201.48 (g) and (h) for pure seed classification.
    (5) Seed units with nematode galls or fungal bodies (smut, ergot, 
and other sclerotia) that are not entirely enclosed within the seed 
unit. Refer to Sec. 201.48(h) for pure seed classification.
    (6) Broken seed units of Chenopodiaceae and fruit portions or 
fragments of monogerm beets, New Zealand spinach, buffalograss, and 
families in which the seed unit is a dry indehiscent one-seeded fruit 
that visibly do not contain a seed. Refer to Sec. 201.48 (f), (g)(1), 
(i), and (j) for pure seed classification.
    (7) Seed units of forage kochia that pass through a 1 mm opening, 
square-hole sieve, when shaken for 30 seconds.
    (8) The thin pericarp (fruit wall), if present on seeds of northern 
sweetvetch.
    (b) Seeds and seed-like structures from weed plants, which by visual 
examination (including the use of light or dissection), can be 
determined to be within the following categories:
    (1) Damaged seed (other than grasses) with over one-half of the 
embryo missing.
    (2) Grass florets and caryopses classed as inert:
    (i) Glumes and empty florets of weedy grasses;
    (ii) Damaged grass caryopses, including free caryopses, with over 
one-half the root-shoot axis missing (the scutellum excluded);
    (iii) Immature free caryopses devoid of embryo and/or endosperm;
    (iv) Immature florets of quackgrass (Agropyron repens) in which the 
caryopses are less than one-third the length of the palea. The caryopsis 
is measured from the base of the rachilla;
    (v) Free caryopses of quackgrass (A. repens) that are 2 mm or less 
in length.
    (3) Seeds of legumes and species of Brassica with the seed coats 
entirely removed.
    (4) Immature seed units, devoid of both embryo and endosperm, such 
as occur in but not limited to the following plant families: Sedge 
(Cyperaceae), buckwheat (Polygonaceae), morning glory (Convolvulaceae), 
nightshade (Solanaceae), puncturevine (Zygophyllaceae) and sunflower 
(Compositae). Cocklebur (Xanthium spp.) burs are to be dissected to 
determine whether or not seeds are present.
    (5) Wild onion and wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets:
    (i) Bulblets which are completely devoid of the husk and pass 
through a
1/13th-inch, round-hole sieve.
    (ii) Bulblets which show evident damage to the basal end, whether 
husk is present or absent. Refer to Sec. 201.50(c) for wild onion and 
wild garlic (Allium spp.) bulblets classed as weed seeds.
    (6) Dodder (Cuscuta spp.): Seeds devoid of embryos and seeds which 
are ashy gray to creamy white in color are inert matter. Seeds should be 
sectioned when necessary to determine if an embryo is present as when 
seeds have a normal color but are slightly swollen, dimpled or have 
minute holes.
    (7) Buckhorn (Plantago lanceolata): Black seeds, with no brown color 
evident, whether shriveled or plump; the color of questionable seeds 
shall be determined by use of a stereoscopic microscope with 
magnification of approximately 10 x  and a fluorescent lamp with two 15-
watt daylight-type tubes.
    (8) Ragweed (Ambrosia spp.): Seed with both the involucre and 
pericarp absent.
    (9) Individual seeds of Juncus species shall be left in the inert 
matter and their presence recorded under ``weed seeds.''
    (c) Other matter that is not seed:
    (1) Free nematode galls or fungal bodies such as smut, ergot, and 
other sclerotia.
    (2) Soil particles, sand, stone, chaff, stems, leaves, flowers, 
loose coating material, and any other foreign material.
    (3) Coating material removed from coated seed by washing. Refer to 
Sec. 201.51b(c).

[46 FR 53637, Oct. 29, 1981; 46 FR 58059, Nov. 30, 1981; 59 FR 64498, 
Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.51a  Special procedures for purity analysis.

    (a) The Uniform Blowing Procedure shall be used for the separation 
of pure seed and inert matter in the following: Kentucky bluegrass, 
Canada bluegrass,

[[Page 376]]

rough bluegrass, Pensacola variety of bahiagrass, orchardgrass, blue 
grama, and side-oats grama.
    (1) When kinds listed in this section appear in mixtures they shall 
be separated from other kinds before using the Uniform Blowing 
Procedure.
    (2) To determine the blowing point for these procedures, individual 
calibration samples for Kentucky bluegrass, orchardgrass, and Pensacola 
variety of bahiagrass shall be used. The calibration sample for Kentucky 
bluegrass shall be used for Canada bluegrass, rough bluegrass, blue 
grama, and side-oats grama.
    (i) The blowing point for Canada bluegrass shall be the same as the 
blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass.
    (ii) The blowing point for rough bluegrass shall be a factor of 0.82 
(82 percent) of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. The 
0.82 factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower.
    (iii) The blowing point for blue grama shall be a factor of 1.157 of 
the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before blowing, 
extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing process shall 
be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into four 
approximately equal parts and each blown separately. The 1.157 factor is 
restricted to the General-type seed blower.
    (iv) The blowing point for side-oats grama shall be a factor of 
1.480 of the blowing point determined for Kentucky bluegrass. Before 
blowing, extraneous material that will interfere with the blowing 
process shall be removed. The sample to be blown shall be divided into 
four approximately equal parts and each part blown separately. The 1.480 
factor is restricted to the General-type seed blower.
    (3) Calibration samples and instructions are available on loan 
through the Seed Regulatory and Testing Branch, LS, AMS, Building 306, 
Room 213, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
    (4) The calibration samples shall be used to establish a blowing 
point prior to proceeding with the separation of pure seed and inert 
matter for these kinds. After completing the blowing procedure, remove 
all weed and other crop seeds from the light portion and add these to 
the weed or other crop separation, as appropriate. The remainder of the 
light portion shall be considered inert matter. Remove all weed and 
other crop seeds and other inert matter (stems, leaves, dirt) from the 
heavy portion and add these to the weed seed, other crop seed, or inert 
matter separations, as appropriate. The remainder of the heavy portion 
shall be considered pure seed.
    (5) With orchardgrass, after the blowing, proceed with the multiple 
unit procedure.
    (b) The Multiple Unit Procedure of determining the pure seed 
fraction shall be used only for the kinds included in the following 
table when multiple units are present in a sample. These methods are 
applicable to the kinds listed when they occur in mixtures or singly. 
Any single unit without attached structures, as described below, shall 
be considered a single unit. Multiple units and single units for the 
kinds listed shall remain intact. The attached glumes and fertile or 
sterile florets shall not be removed from the fertile floret.
    (1) A multiple unit is a seed unit that includes one or more 
structures as follows (the length of the awn shall be disregarded when 
determining the length of a fertile floret or an attached structure):
    (i) An attached sterile or fertile floret that extends to or beyond 
the tip of a fertile floret;
    (ii) A fertile floret with basally attached glume, glumes, or 
basally attached sterile floret of any length;
    (iii) A fertile floret with two or more attached sterile and/or 
fertile florets of any length.
    (2) Procedure for determination of multiple units:
    (i) For the single kind: determine the percentage of single units 
present, based on the total weight of single units and multiple units. 
Apply the appropriate factor, as determined from the following table, to 
the weight of the multiple units and add that portion of the multiple 
unit weight to the weight of the single units. The remaining multiple 
unit weight shall be added to the weight of the inert matter.

[[Page 377]]

    (ii) For mixtures that include one or more of the kinds in the 
following table, determine the percentage of single units, based on the 
total weight of single units and multiple units, for each kind. Apply 
the appropriate factor as determined from the following table, to the 
weight of multiple units of each kind.

                                                      Table of Factors To Apply to Multiple Units a                                                     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                  Pubes-                                                
                                                        Chewings    Red    Orchard-   Crested      cent    Intermediate     Tall     Western     Smooth 
         Percent of single units of each kind            fescue    fescue    grass     wheat-     wheat-    wheat-grass    wheat-     wheat-     brome  
                                                                                       grassb     grass                   grass c     grassc            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50 or below...........................................        91       80        80         70         66           72          --         --         72
50.01-55.00...........................................        91       81        81         72         67           74          --         --         74
55.01-60.00...........................................        91       82        81         73         67           75          --         --         75
60.01-65.00...........................................        91       83        82         74         67           76          --         --         76
65.01-70.00...........................................        91       84        82         75         68           77          --         60         78
70.01-75.00...........................................        91       86        82         76         68           78          --         66         79
75.01-80.00...........................................        91       87        83         77         69           79          50         67         81
80.01-85.00...........................................        91       88        83         78         69           80          55         68         82
85.01-90.00...........................................        91       89        83         79         69           81          65         70         83
90.01-100.00..........................................        91       90        84         79         70           82          70         74        85 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The factors represent the percentages of the multiple unit weights which are considered pure seed. The remaining percentage is regarded as inert      
  matter.                                                                                                                                               
b Includes both standard crested wheatgrass and fairway crested wheatgrass.                                                                             
c Dashes in table indicate that no factors are available at the levels shown.                                                                           


[59 FR 64498, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.51b  Purity procedures for coated seed.

    (a) The working sample for coated seed is obtained as described in 
Sec. 201.46(d) (1) and (2), and weighed in grams to four significant 
figures.
    (b) Any loose coating material shall be sieved, weighed, and 
included with the inert matter component.
    (c) Coating material is removed from the seed by washing with water 
or other solvents such as, but not limited to, dilute sodium hydroxide 
(NaOH). Use of fine mesh sieves is recommended for this procedure, and 
stirring or shaking the coated units may be necessary to obtain de-
coated seed.
    (d) Spread de-coated seed on blotters or filter paper in a shallow 
container. Air dry overnight at room temperature.
    (e) Separation of component parts:
    (1) Kind or variety considered pure seed.
    (2) Other crop seed.
    (3) Inert matter.
    (4) Weed seed.
    (f) The de-coated seed shall be separated into four components in 
accordance with Secs. 201.48 through 201.51. Secs. 201.51a (a) and (b) 
shall not be followed. The weight of the coating material is determined 
by subtracting the sum of the weights of the other four components from 
the original weight of the working sample. The percentage of coating 
material shall be included with the inert matter percentage. Calculate 
percentages of all components based on the original weight of the 
working sample (see paragraph (a) of this section).

[59 FR 64499, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.52  Noxious-weed seeds.

    (a) The determination of the number of seeds, bulblets, or tubers of 
individual noxious weeds present per unit weight should be made on at 
least the minimum quantities listed in Sec. 201.46 Table 1: Provided, 
That if the following indicated numbers of a single kind of seed, 
bulblet, or tuber are found in the pure seed analysis (or noxious-weed 
seed examination of a like amount) the occurrence of that kind in the 
remainder of the bulk examined for noxious-weed seeds need not be noted: 
\1/2\-gram purity working sample, 16 or more seeds; 1-gram purity 
working sample, 23 or more seeds; 2-gram purity working sample or 
larger, 30 or more seeds. The seeds per unit weight shall be based on 
the number of single seeds. The number of individual seeds shall be 
determined in burs of sandbur (Cenchrus spp.) and cocklebur (Xanthium 
spp.); in capsules of dodder

[[Page 378]]

(Cuscuta spp.); in berries of groundcherry, horsenettle, and nightshade 
(Solanaceae); and in the fruits of other noxious weeds that contain more 
than one seed. Refer to Secs. 201.50 and 201.51(b)(4) for the 
classification of weed seeds and inert matter, respectively.
    (b) A noxious-weed seed examination of coated seed samples shall be 
made by examining approximately 25,000 units obtained in accordance with 
Sec. 201.46(d) and which have been de-coated by the method described in 
Sec. 201.51b(c).

[59 FR 64499, Dec. 14, 1994]

           germination tests in the administration of the act



Sec. 201.53   Source of seeds for germination.

    (a) When both purity and germination tests are required, seeds for 
germination shall be taken from the separation of the kind, variety, or 
type considered pure seed and shall be counted without discrimination as 
to size or appearance.
    (b) When only a germination test is required and the pure seed is 
estimated or determined to be at least 98 percent, the pure seed for the 
germination test may be taken indiscriminately from a representative 
portion of the bulk.
    (c) When only a germination test is required and the pure seed is 
found to be less than 98 percent, the seed for the test shall be 
obtained by separating the sample into two components as follows: (1) 
Pure seed and (2) other crop seed, weed seed, and inert matter. In 
making this separation at least \1/4\ of the quantity required for a 
regular purity analysis shall be used. The whole sample must be well 
mixed and divided in such a manner as to get a completely representative 
subsample.

[10 FR 9952, Aug. 11, 1945, as amended at 20 FR 7931, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.54  Number of seeds for germination.

    At least 400 seeds shall be tested for germination; except that in 
mixtures, 200 seeds of each of those kinds present to the extent of 15 
percent or less may be used in lieu of 400, in which case an additional 
2 percent is to be added to the regular germination tolerances. The 
seeds shall be tested in replicate tests of 100 seeds or less.

[59 FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.55   Retests.

    Retests shall be made as follows:
    (a) When the range of 100-seed replicates of a given test exceeds 
the maximum tolerated range in the table appearing in this section.

    Table of Maximum Tolerated Ranges Between 100-Seed Replicates for Use in Connection With Sec.  201.55(a)    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        Average percent germinations                          Maximum allowed between replicates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   4           3           2    
                                                                              replicates  replicates  replicates
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
99...............................................................          2           5  ..........  ..........
98...............................................................          3           6           5  ..........
97...............................................................          4           7           6           6
96...............................................................          5           8           7           6
95...............................................................          6           9           8           7
94...............................................................          7          10           9           8
93...............................................................          8          10           9           8
92...............................................................          9          11          10           9
91...............................................................         10          11          10           9
90...............................................................         11          12          11           9
89...............................................................         12          12          11          10
88...............................................................         13          13          12          10
87...............................................................         14          13          12          11
86...............................................................         15          14          13          11
85...............................................................         16          14          13          11
84...............................................................         17          14          13          11
83...............................................................         18          15          14          12
82...............................................................         19          15          14          12
81...............................................................         20          15          14          12
80...............................................................         21          16          15          13
79...............................................................         22          16          15          13
78...............................................................         23          16          15          13
77...............................................................         24          17          15          13
76...............................................................         25          17          16          13
75...............................................................         26          17          16          14
74...............................................................         27          17          16          14
73...............................................................         28          17          16          14
72...............................................................         29          18          16          14
71...............................................................         30          18          16          14
70...............................................................         31          18          17          14
69...............................................................         32          18          17          14
68...............................................................         33          18          17          15
67...............................................................         34          18          17          15
66...............................................................         35          19          17          15
65...............................................................         36          19          17          15
64...............................................................         37          19          17          15
63...............................................................         38          19          18          15
62...............................................................         39          19          18          15
61...............................................................         40          19          18          15
60...............................................................         41          19          18          15
59...............................................................         42          19          18          15
58...............................................................         43          19          18          15
57...............................................................         44          19          18          15
56...............................................................         45          19          18          15
55...............................................................         46          20          18          15
54...............................................................         47          20          18          16
53...............................................................         48          20          18          16
52...............................................................         49          20          18          16
51...............................................................         50          20          18          16
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 379]]

    (b) When at the time of the prescribed final count there are 
indications, such as presence of firm ungerminated seeds, that a 
satisfactory germination has not been obtained;
    (c) When there is evidence that the results may not be reliable due 
to improper test conditions, errors in seedling evaluation, the presence 
of fungi or bacteria, or inaccuracies in counting or recording results;
    (d) When a sample shows seedling injury or abnormality as a result 
of chemical treatment, of exposure to chemicals, or of toxicity from any 
source. (Retest shall be made in soil or a mixture of soil and sand);
    (e) When no two satisfactory tests are within tolerance.

    Explanatory Note: To find the maximum tolerated range, compute the 
average percentage of all 100-seed replicates of a given test, rounding 
off the result to the nearest whole number. The germination is found in 
the first two columns of the table. When the differences between highest 
and lowest replicates do not exceed the corresponding values found in 
the ``4-replicate'' column, no additional testing is required. If the 
differences exceed these values, omit the lowest replicate and compute 
the average of the three remaining replicates. If the range between the 
highest and lowest three replicates do not exceed the values in the ``3-
replicate'' column for the new average percentage germination, retesting 
is not required and the average of the three replicates shall be 
regarded as the percentage germination. However, if the differences 
exceed the values in the ``3-replicate'' column, retesting is necessary.
    When only 200 seeds are tested, retest if the range of the two 
replicates exceeds the values in the ``2-replicate'' column. In order to 
form 100-seed replicates, combine subreplicates of 25 or 50 seeds which 
were closest together in the germinator.

[25 FR 8771, Sept. 13, 1960]



Sec. 201.55a   Moisture and aeration of substratum.

    (a) The substratum must be moist enough to supply the needed 
moisture to the seeds at all times. Excessive moisture which will 
restrict aeration of the seeds should be avoided. Except as provided for 
those kinds of seeds requiring high moisture levels of the germination 
media, the substrata should never be so wet that a film of water is 
formed around the seeds. For most kinds of seeds blotters or other paper 
substrata should not be so wet that by pressing, a film of water forms 
around the finger.
    (b) The following formula may be used as a guide in the preparation 
of sand for germination tests:
[118.3 cc. (1 gill) sand/Its weight in grams] x 20.2-8.0=The number of 
cc. of water to add to each 100 grams of air-dry sand.
    (c) The amount of water provided by this formula is satisfactory for 
seeds the size of clovers and will have to be modified slightly, 
depending on the kind of seed being tested and the kind of sand used. 
For example, slightly more moisture should be added when the larger 
seeds are to be tested.
    (d) In preparing soil tests water should be added to the soil until 
it can be formed into a ball when squeezed in the palm of the hand but 
will break freely when pressed between two fingers. After the soil has 
been moistened it should be rubbed through a sieve and put in the seed 
containers without packing.
    (e) The addition of water subsequent to placing the seed in test 
will depend on the evaporation from the substrata in the germination 
chambers. Since the rate of evaporation will depend upon the relative 
humidity of the air, it is desirable to keep water in the germination 
chambers or to provide other means of supplying a relative humidity of 
approximately 95 percent. Germination tests should be observed at 
frequent intervals to insure an adequate moisture supply of the 
substrata at all times.

[20 FR 7931, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.56   Interpretation.

    (a) A seed shall be considered to have germinated when it has 
developed those essential structures which, for the kind of seed under 
consideration, are indicative of its ability to produce a normal plant 
under favorable conditions. In general, the following are considered to 
be essential structures necessary for the continued development of the 
seedling (although some structures may not be visible in all kinds at

[[Page 380]]

the time of seedling evaluation). Seedlings possessing these essential 
structures are referred to as normal seedlings: Root system (consisting 
of primary, secondary, seminal, or adventitious roots); hypocotyl; 
epicotyl; cotyledon(s); terminal bud; primary leaves; and coleoptile and 
mesocotyl (in the grass family). Abnormal seedlings consist of those 
with defects to these structures, as described in the abnormal seedling 
descriptions, and are judged to be incapable of continued growth. The 
seedling descriptions assume that test conditions were adequate to allow 
proper assessment of the essential seedling structures.
    (b) Sand and/or soil tests may be used as a guide in determining the 
classification of questionable seedlings and the evaluation of 
germination tests made on approved artificial media. This is intended to 
provide a method of checking the reliability of tests made on artificial 
substrata when there may be doubt as to the proper evaluation of such 
tests.
    (c) Seedlings infected with fungi or bacteria should be regarded as 
normal if all essential structures are present. A seedling that has been 
seriously damaged by bacteria or fungi from any source other than the 
specific seed should be regarded as normal if it is determined that all 
essential structures were present before the injury or damage occurred. 
Germination counts should be made on samples where contamination and 
decay are present at approximately 2-day intervals between the usual 
first count and the final count. During the progress of the germination 
test, seeds which are obviously dead and moldy and which may be a source 
of contamination of healthy seeds should be removed at each count and 
the number of such dead seeds should be recorded. When symptoms of 
certain diseases develop which can be readily recognized and identified, 
their presence should be noted.
    (d) Seed units containing more than one seed or embryo, such as New 
Zealand spinach seed, Beta seed, double fruits of the carrot family 
(Umbelliferae), multiple seeds of burnet, and seed units of grasses 
consisting of multiple florets, shall be tested as a single seed and 
shall be regarded as having germinated if they produce one or more 
normal seedlings.
    (e) Standard guides for seedling interpretation shall include the 
following descriptions for specific kinds and groups. The ``General 
Description'' for each group of crop kinds describes a seedling without 
defects. While such a seedling is clearly normal, seedlings with some 
defects may also be classified as normal, provided the defects do not 
impair the functioning of the structure. The ``Abnormal seedling 
description'' is to be followed when judging the severity of defects.

[20 FR 7931, Oct. 21, 1955, as amended at 25 FR 8771, Sept. 13, 1960; 59 
FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-1  Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae, and Carpetweed family, Aizoaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Beet, Swiss chard, fourwing saltbush, spinach, New 
Zealand spinach, and forage kochia.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Leaf-like cotyledons and perisperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may develop within 
the test period.
    (5) Seedling: Frequent counts should be made on multigerm beet since 
the growing seedlings will separate from the cluster making it difficult 
to identify the source. Any cluster which produces at least one normal 
seedling is classified as normal; only one normal seedling per cluster 
is to be counted (see Sec. 201.56(d)). Toxic substances from the 
clusters of beet and Swiss chard may cause discoloring of the hypocotyl 
and/or root. Seedlings which are slightly discolored are to be 
classified as normal; however, if there is excessive discoloration, 
retest by the method in Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.

[[Page 381]]

    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (iii) For discolored roots of beet and Swiss chard, see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(3).
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (For discolored seedlings of beet and Swiss 
chard, see Sec. 201.58(b)(3).)
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-2  Sunflower family, Asteraceae (Compositae).

    Kinds of seed: Artichoke, cardoon, chicory, dandelion, endive, great 
burdock, lettuce, safflower, salsify, Louisiana sagewort, and sunflower.
    (a) Lettuce.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic. The cotyledons of some varieties develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root.
    (v) Seedling: The interpretations of lettuce seedlings are made only 
at the end of the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay. (Remove attached seed coat for evaluation of cotyledons. 
Physiological necrosis is manifested by discolored areas on the 
cotyledons and should not be confused with natural pigmentation of some 
lettuce varieties.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (B) Any degree of necrosis or decay.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Severely twisted or grainy.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) Stubby or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not 
compensate for a defective primary root.)
    (B) Primary root tip blunt, swollen, or discolored. (Toxic materials 
in the substratum may cause short, blunt roots; see Sec. 201.58(a)(9).)
    (C) Primary root with splits or lesions.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) Swollen cotyledons associated with extremely short or vestigial 
hypocotyl and root.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (b) Other kinds in the sunflower family: Artichoke, cardoon, 
chicory, dandelion, endive, great burdock, safflower, salsify, Louisiana 
sagewort, and sunflower.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like, and photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the test period 
for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (ii) Epicotyl:

[[Page 382]]

    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (C) Watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Seedlings with roots bound within tough seed coats 
should be left in the test until the final count to allow for 
development.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.

[59 FR 64500, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-3  Mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae).

    Kinds of seed: Broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, 
cauliflower, collards, garden cress, upland cress, water cress, kale, 
Chinese kale, Siberian kale, kohlrabi, mustard, pakchoi, radish, rape, 
rutabaga, and turnip.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become thin, leaf-
like and photosynthetic. In Brassica, Sinapis, and Raphanus, the 
cotyledons are bi-lobed and folded, with the outer cotyledon being 
larger than the inner.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the cotyledons 
above the soil surface; the epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Decayed at point of attachment.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (iii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root. (Secondary roots will not 
compensate for a defective root.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64501, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-4  Cucurbit family, (Cucurbitaceae).

    Kinds of seed: Citron, cucumber, West India gherkin, melon, pumpkin, 
squash, and watermelon.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy; they 
expand, become photosynthetic, and usually persist beyond the seedling 
stage.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and the cotyledons are 
pulled free of the seed coat, which often adheres to a peg-like 
appendage at the base of the hypocotyl. The epicotyl usually does not 
show any development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A long primary root with numerous secondary roots.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.

[[Page 383]]

    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root, with less than two 
strong secondary or adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64501, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-5  Grass family, Poaceae (Gramineae).

    Kinds of seed: Bentgrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bromes, cereals, 
fescues, millets, orchardgrass, redtop, ryegrasses, sorghums, timothy, 
turf timothy, wheatgrasses, and all other grasses listed in 
Sec. 201.2(h).
    (a) Cereals: Agrotricum, barley, oat, rye, mountain rye, wheat, 
wheat x agrotricum, and triticale.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified cotyledon 
which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During germination the 
scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the endosperm 
and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl may elongate 
depending on the variety and light intensity, but may not be 
discernible. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of 
growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A primary root and seminal roots. The primary root 
is not readily distinguishable from the seminal roots; therefore, all 
roots arising from the seed are referred to as seminal roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Grainy, spirally twisted, shredded, and weak.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Less than one strong seminal root.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).
    (E) Thickened and shortened roots and/or shoots.
    (b) Rice.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified cotyledon 
which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During germination the 
scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the endosperm 
and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil or water surface; the mesocotyl may elongate 
depending on the variety and environmental conditions. Splitting of the 
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the 
leaves.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period. If the mesocotyl elongates, the 
adventitious roots will be carried above the grain.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) No leaf.
    (C) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (D) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (E) Spindly or watery.
    (F) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:

[[Page 384]]

    (A) None.
    (B) Weak primary root with insufficient seminal or adventitious 
roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (c) Corn.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified cotyledon 
which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During germination the 
scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the endosperm 
and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl usually elongates. 
Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and 
emergence of the leaves. A twisted and curled shoot bound by a tough 
seed coat may be considered normal, provided the shoot is not decayed.
    (iv) Root system: Strong primary root and seminal roots. 
Adventitious roots may start to develop from the mesocotyl or 
coleoptilar node within the test period.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak seminal roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (d) Johnsongrass, sorghum, sorgrass, sorghum almum, sudangrass, and 
sorghum-sudangrass.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified cotyledon 
which is in direct contact with endosperm. During germination the 
scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the endosperm 
and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface; the mesocotyl usually elongates. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the mesocotyl and 
coleoptile. Splitting of the coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of 
growth and emergence of the leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root, usually with secondary roots 
developing within the test period. Adventitious roots may start to 
develop from the mesocotyl or coleoptilar node within the test period. 
Areas of natural, reddish pigmentation may develop on the root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Thickened and shortened.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Damaged or weak primary root with less than two strong secondary 
roots.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.

[[Page 385]]

    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (e) Grasses and millets.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypegeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm. The scutellum is a modified cotyledon 
which is in direct contact with the endosperm. During germination the 
scutellum remains inside the seed to absorb nutrients from the endosperm 
and transfer them to the growing seedling.
    (iii) Shoot system: The shoot consists of the coleoptile, leaves 
enclosed in the coleoptile, and the mesocotyl. The coleoptile elongates 
and pushes through the soil surface. The mesocotyl may or may not 
elongate significantly, depending on the kind. Splitting of the 
coleoptile occurs naturally as a result of growth and emergence of the 
leaves.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root. Secondary or adventitious 
roots may develop within the test period. In certain kinds (e.g. 
bermudagrass) the primary root may not be readily visible because it is 
coiled inside the tightly fitting lemma and palea. At the time of 
evaluation, the glumes should be removed and the root observed. Such 
seedlings are classified as normal if the primary root has developed. 
For Kentucky bluegrass, a primary root \1/16\ inch (1.6 mm) or more in 
length is classified as normal.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Shoot:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Short, thick, and grainy.
    (C) No leaf.
    (D) Leaf extending less than halfway up into the coleoptile.
    (E) Leaf extensively shredded or split.
    (F) Spindly or watery.
    (G) Deep open cracks in the mesocotyl.
    (ii) Root:
    (A) Missing or defective primary root even if other roots are 
present.
    (B) Spindly, stubby, or watery primary root.
    (iii) Seedling:
    (A) Decayed at point of attachment to the scutellum.
    (B) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (C) Albino.
    (D) Yellow (when grown in light).
    (E) Endosperm obviously detached from the root-shoot axis (e.g. 
kernel lifted away by the growing shoot).

[59 FR 64501, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-6  Legume or pea family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae).

    Kinds of seed: Alfalfa, alyceclover, asparagusbean, beans (Phaseolus 
spp.), Florida beggarweed, black medic, broadbean, burclovers, 
buttonclover, chickpea, clovers (Trifolium spp.), cowpea, crotalarias, 
crownvetch, guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lentil, lespedezas, lupines, 
northern sweetvetch, peas, peanut, roughpea, sainfoin, sesbania, 
sourclover, soybean, sweetclovers, trefoils, velvetbean, and vetches.
    (a) Field bean, garden bean, lima bean, mung bean, asparagusbean, 
and cowpea.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl elongates, causing the 
terminal bud to emerge from between the cotyledons; the primary leaves 
expand rapidly.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) For garden bean (Phaseolus vulgaris in part), remove any 
attached seed coats at the end of the test period for evaluation of 
cotyledons:
    (1) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (2) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay.
    (B) All other kinds:
    (1) Both missing and the seedling generally weak.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Deep open cracks.
    (C) Malformed, such as markedly curled or thickened.

[[Page 386]]

    (D) Less than one primary leaf.
    (E) Primary leaves too small in proportion to the rest of the 
seedling, usually associated with visible defects of, or damage to, the 
main stem of the epicotyl.
    (F) Terminal bud missing or damaged. (If a few seedlings with total 
or partial decay to the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on such 
seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry environment 
and exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand, will aid in 
interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. (A healed 
break, sometimes referred to as a ``knee,'' is considered normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling orientation or 
constriction on or in the substratum.) (Hypocotyl collar rot is the 
breakdown of hypocotyl tissue initially characterized by a watery 
appearance and collapse of the hypocotyl below the cotyledonary node. 
The area later becomes discolored, shrivelled, and necrotic. The 
condition is caused by insufficient calcium available to the seedling. 
If hypocotyl collar rot is observed on seedlings of garden bean, the 
sample involved shall be retested in accordance with 
Sec. 201.58(b)(12).)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (A root bound within a tough seed coat is considered 
normal.)
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as the result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings some 
distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Adzuki bean, broadbean, chickpea, field pea, lentil, pea, 
roughpea, runner bean, velvetbean, and vetches.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons which are large and fleshy, and 
remain enclosed within the seed coat beneath the soil surface. They are 
usually not photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud and primary leaves above the soil surface. The stem bears one or 
more scale leaves and, prior to emergence, is arched near the apex, 
causing the terminal bud to be pulled through the soil; after emergence, 
the stem straightens. For practical purposes, the hypocotyl is not 
discernible and is not an evaluation factor. Buds in the axils of each 
cotyledon and scale leaf usually remain dormant unless the terminal bud 
is seriously damaged. In this case, one or more axillary buds may start 
to develop into a shoot. If the axillary shoot is well-developed, it may 
be considered normal.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original tissue remaining attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original tissue free of necrosis or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Malformed such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (D) Severely damaged (e.g. terminal bud missing or damaged) with 
only a weak shoot developing from the axil of a cotyledon or scale leaf.
    (E) Two weak and spindly shoots.
    (F) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary roots.
    (iv) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests.

[[Page 387]]

Some pathogens can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings 
some distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may be 
advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (c) Soybean and lupine.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The primary leaves usually increase 
in size and the epicotyl may elongate within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons.
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl.
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed. (If a few seedlings 
with partial decay of the epicotyl are found, they may be classified as 
normal, provided the hypocotyl and root are normal. The epicotyl on such 
seedlings usually does not decay when grown in a fairly dry environment 
and is exposed to light. A retest, preferably in soil or sand, will aid 
in interpretation of such seedlings.)
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue. 
(Adventitious roots may occur at the site of injury, particularly on the 
hypocotyl and near the base of the cotyledons. The seedling is 
classified as normal if the injury is healed over and other essential 
structures are normal.)
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Hypocotyl development is slow until the roots start functioning. 
Caution should be exercised to ensure slow seedlings are not classified 
as abnormal. Hypocotyl stunting or curling also may be caused by 
seedling orientation or constriction on or in the substratum.)
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots. (Roots of seedlings on ``Kimpak'' with insufficient 
moisture may not become established and hypocotyl elongation may appear 
to be abnormal. There may be curling of the root and hypocotyl. When a 
number of seedlings are observed with this condition, the sample should 
be retested.)
    (v) Seedlings:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (Secondary infection is common in towel and 
blotter tests. Some pathogens, such as Fusarium, Phomopsis, and 
Rhizoctonia, can spread through the substratum and infect seedlings some 
distance away from the primary source. Seedlings with secondary 
infection are to be classified as normal. A retest in sand or soil may 
be advisable.)
    (B) Albino.
    (d) Peanut.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are large and fleshy.
    (iii) Shoot system: The cotyledons are carried to the soil surface 
by the hypocotyl which is very thick, narrowing abruptly at the root. 
Elongation of the hypocotyl stops when the epicotyl is exposed to light 
at the soil surface. The primary leaves are compound and usually expand 
during the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long primary root with secondary roots. 
Adventitious roots develop from the base of the hypocotyl if the primary 
root is damaged.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Less than one primary leaf.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Terminal bud damaged, missing, or decayed.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:

[[Page 388]]

    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened or curled. (Hypocotyls 
remain somewhat thickened and may appear to be stunted. Light, depth of 
planting, and substratum moisture all contribute to the length of the 
hypocotyl. Hypocotyl stunting or curling may be caused by seedling 
orientation or constriction in the substratum. Seedlings planted in a 
soil test with the radicle too close to the surface may send roots above 
the soil and appear to exhibit negative geotropism and a distorted, U-
shaped hypocotyl.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of primary 
infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (e) Alfalfa, alyceclover, Florida beggarweed, black medic, 
burclovers, buttonclover, milkvetch, clovers, crotalarias, crownvetch, 
guar, hairy indigo, kudzu, lespedezas, northern sweetvetch, sainfoin, 
sesbania, sourclover, sweetclovers, and trefoils.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (ii) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are small and fleshy; they 
expand and become photosynthetic. The cotyledons of sub clover develop 
elongated petioles.
    (iii) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates and carries the 
cotyledons above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show 
any development within the test period.
    (iv) Root system: A long, tapering primary root, usually with root 
hairs. Secondary roots may or may not develop within the test period, 
depending on the kind.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledons:
    (A) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached. (Breaks at the point of attachment of the cotyledons to the 
hypocotyl are common in seeds which have been mechanically damaged. It 
is important that seedlings not be removed during preliminary counts 
unless development is sufficient to allow the conditions of the 
cotyledons to be determined. If the point of attachment of the 
cotyledons cannot be seen at the end of the test, the seed coat should 
be peeled back to determine whether a break has occurred.)
    (B) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of necrosis 
or decay.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (B) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened. 
(Seedlings of sainfoin which have been constricted by growing through 
the netting of the pod, but which are otherwise normal, are classified 
as normal.)
    (C) Weak and watery.
    (iv) Root:
    (A) None.
    (B) Primary root stubby. (The roots of sweetclovers may be stubby 
when grown on artificial substrata due to the presence of coumarin in 
the seed; since this condition usually does not occur in soil, such 
seedlings are classified as normal. Roots may appear stubby as a result 
of being bound by the seed coat; such seedlings are classified as 
normal. Crownvetch produces phytotoxic effects similar to sweetclovers.)
    (C) Split extending into the hypocotyl.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.

[59 FR 64503, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-7  Lily family, Liliaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Asparagus, chives, leek, onion, and Welsh onion.
    (a) Asparagus.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Hypogeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi- transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon. The endosperm surrounds 
the entire embryo.

[[Page 389]]

    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon; following 
germination, all but the basal end remains embedded in the endosperm to 
absorb nutrients.
    (iv) Shoot system: The epicotyl elongates and carries the terminal 
bud above the soil surface. The epicotyl may bear several small scale 
leaves. A short hypocotyl is barely distinguishable, joining the root to 
the basal end of the cotyledon. More than one shoot may arise 
simultaneously, and the seedling may be considered normal if at least 
one shoot is well- developed and has a terminal growing point, provided 
other essential structures are normal.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Detached from seedling.
    (B) Deep open cracks at basal end.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Missing.
    (B) Terminal bud missing or damaged.
    (C) Deep open cracks.
    (D) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (E) Spindly.
    (F) Watery.
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Deep open cracks.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Stubby primary root with weak secondary roots.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.
    (b) Chives, leek, onion, Welsh onion.
    (1) General description.
    (i) Germination habit: Epigeal monocot.
    (ii) Food reserves: Endosperm which is hard, semi-transparent, and 
non-starchy; minor reserves in the cotyledon.
    (iii) Cotyledon: A single cylindrical cotyledon. The cotyledon 
emerges with the seed coat and endosperm attached to the tip. A sharp 
bend known as the ``knee'' forms; continued elongation of the cotyledon 
on each side of this knee pushes it above the soil surface. The 
cotyledon tip is pulled from the soil and straightens except for a 
slight kink which remains at the site of the knee.
    (iv) Shoot system: The first foliage leaf emerges through a slit 
near the base of the cotyledon, but this does not usually occur during 
the test period. The hypocotyl is a very short transitional zone between 
the primary root and the cotyledon, and is not distinguishable for 
purposes of seedling evaluation.
    (v) Root system: A long slender primary root with adventitious roots 
developing from the hypocotyl. The primary root does not develop 
secondary roots.
    (2) Abnormal seedling description.
    (i) Cotyledon:
    (A) Short and thick.
    (B) Without a definite bend or ``knee''.
    (C) Spindly or watery.
    (ii) Epicotyl:
    (A) Not observed during the test period.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iii) Hypocotyl:
    (A) Not evaluated.
    (B) [Reserved]
    (iv) Root:
    (A) No primary root.
    (B) Short, weak, or stubby primary root.
    (v) Seedling:
    (A) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (B) Albino.

[59 FR 64504, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-8  Flax family, Linaceae.

    Kind of seed: Flax.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot. (Due to the mucilaginous 
nature of the seed coat, seedlings germinated on blotters may adhere to 
the blotter and appear to be negatively geotropic.)
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons which expand and become 
photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.

[[Page 390]]

    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64505 Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-9  Mallow family, Malvaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Cotton, kenaf, and okra.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserve: Cotyledons, which are convoluted in the seed; they 
expand and become thin, leaf-like, and photosynthetic.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the hypocotyl in cotton.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period. Areas of yellowish pigmentation may 
develop on the root in cotton.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay. (Remove any attached seed coats at the end of the 
test period for evaluation of cotyledons.)
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if both cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the conducting 
tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection. (A cotton seedling with yellowish areas on the 
root or hypocotyl is classified as normal, provided the cotyledons are 
free of infection.)
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64505 Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-10  Spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

    Kind of seed: Castorbean.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, which are thin and leaf-like; 
endosperm (fleshy food-storage organs) usually persisting in the 
laboratory test.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl lengthens, carrying the cotyledons, 
endosperm, and epicotyl above the soil surface.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots usually 
developing within the test period.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Endosperm:
    (i) Missing.
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing.
    (ii) Damaged or missing terminal bud.
    (4) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.

[[Page 391]]

    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (5) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (6) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64505 Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-11  Knotweed family, Polygonaceae.

    Kinds of seed: Buckwheat, rhubarb, and sorrel.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons, starchy endosperm.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root, with secondary roots developing 
within the test period for some kinds.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Deep open cracks or grainy lesions extending into the conducting 
tissue.
    (ii) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Weak, stubby, or missing primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.
    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64506, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.56-12  Miscellaneous plant families.

    Kinds of seed by family:
    Carrot family, Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)--carrot, celery, celeriac, 
dill, parsley, parsnip;
    Hemp family, Cannabaceae--hemp;
    Dichondra family, Dichondraceae--dichondra;
    Geranium family, Geraniaceae--alfilaria;
    Mint family, Lamiaceae (Labiatae)--sage, summer savory; benne 
family, Pedaliaceae--sesame;
    Rose family, Rosaceae--little burnet;
    Nightshade family, Solanaceae--eggplant, tomato, husk tomato, 
pepper, tobacco; and
    Valerian family, Valerianaceae--cornsalad.
    (a) General description.
    (1) Germination habit: Epigeal dicot.
    (2) Food reserves: Cotyledons; endosperm may or may not be present, 
depending on the kind.
    (3) Shoot system: The hypocotyl elongates, carrying the cotyledons 
above the soil surface. The epicotyl usually does not show any 
development within the test period.
    (4) Root system: A primary root; secondary roots may or may not 
develop within the test period, depending on the kind.
    (b) Abnormal seedling description.
    (1) Cotyledons:
    (i) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue remaining 
attached.
    (ii) Less than half of the original cotyledon tissue free of 
necrosis or decay.
    (2) Epicotyl:
    (i) Missing. (May be assumed to be present if the cotyledons are 
intact.)
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (3) Hypocotyl:
    (i) Malformed, such as markedly shortened, curled, or thickened.
    (ii) Deep open cracks extending into the conducting tissue.
    (iii) Watery.
    (4) Root:
    (i) None.
    (ii) Missing or stubby primary root with weak secondary or 
adventitious roots.
    (5) Seedling:
    (i) One or more essential structures impaired as a result of decay 
from primary infection.

[[Page 392]]

    (ii) Albino.

[59 FR 64506, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.57   Hard seeds.

    Seeds which remain hard at the end of the prescribed test because 
they have not absorbed water, due to an impermeable seed coat, are to be 
counted as ``hard seed.'' If at the end of the germination period 
provided for legumes, okra, cotton and dichondra in these rules and 
regulations there are still present swollen seeds or seeds of these 
kinds which have just started to germinate, all seeds or seedlings 
except the above-stated shall be removed and the test continued for 5 
additional days and the normal seedlings included in the percentage of 
germination.

[5 FR 33, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 9952, Aug. 11, 1945; 20 FR 
7936, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.57a  Dormant seeds.

    Dormant seeds are viable seeds, other than hard seeds, which fail to 
germinate when provided the specified germination conditions for the 
kind of seed in question.
    (a) Viability of ungerminated seeds shall be determined by any of 
the following methods or combinations of methods: a cutting test, 
tetrazolium test, scarification, or application of germination promoting 
chemicals.
    (b) The percentage of dormant seed, if present, shall be determined 
in addition to the percentage of germination for the following kinds: 
Bahiagrass, basin wildrye, big bluestem, little bluestem, sand bluestem, 
yellow bluestem, bottlebrush-squirreltail, buffalograss, buffelgrass, 
galletagrass, forage kochia, blue grama, side-oats grama, Indian 
ricegrass, johnsongrass, sand lovegrass, weeping lovegrass, mountain 
rye, sand dropseed, smilo, switchgrass, veldtgrass, western wheatgrass, 
and yellow indiangrass.
    (c) For green needlegrass, if the test result of method 2 is less 
than the result of method 1, subtract the result of method 2 from method 
1 and report the difference as the percentage of dormant seed. Refer to 
Sec. 201.58(b)(7).

[46 FR 53638, Oct. 29, 1981, as amended at 59 FR 64506, Dec. 14. 1994]



Sec. 201.58  Substrata, temperature, duration of test, and certain other specific directions for testing for germination and hard seed.

    Specific germination requirements are set forth in table 2 to which 
the following paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) are applicable.
    (a) Definitions and explainations applicable to table 2--(1) 
Duration of tests. The following deviations are permitted from the 
specified duration of tests: Any test may be terminated prior to the 
number of days listed under ``Final count'' if the miximum germination 
of the sample has then been determined. The number of days stated for 
the first count is approximate and a deviatioon of 1 to 3 days is 
permitted. If at the time of the prescribed test period the seedlings 
are not sufficiently developed for positive evaluation, it is possible 
to extend the time of the test period two additional days. (Also, see 
paragraph (a)(5) of this section and 201.57.)
    (2) Light. Cool white fluorescent light shall be provided where 
light is required in table 2. The light intensity shall be 75 to 125 
foot-candles (750-1,250 lux). (The light intensity for nondormant seed 
and during seedling development may be as low as 25 foot-candles to 
enable the essential structures to be evaluated with greater certainty.) 
The seeds shall be illuminated for at least 8 hours every 24 hours 
except when transferred to a low temperature germinator during the 
weekend. When seeds are germinated at alternating temperatures they 
shall be illuminated during high temperature periods. Seeds for which 
light is prescribed shall be germinated on top of the substratum except 
for ryegrass fluorescence tests.
    (3) Moisture-on-dry-side. This term means that the moistened 
substratum should be pressed against a dry absorbent surface such as a 
dry paper towel or blotter to remove excess moisture. The moisture 
content thus obtained should be maintained throughout the germination 
test period.
    (4) Potassium nitrate (KNO3). These terms mean a two-tenths 
(0.2) percent solution of potassium nitrate (KNO3) shall be used in 
moistening the substratum. Such solution is prepared by dissolving 2 
grams of KNO3 in 1,000 ml.

[[Page 393]]

of distilled water. The grade of the potassium nitrate shall meet A.C.S. 
specifications.
    (5) Prechill. The term ``prechill'' means a cold, moist treatment 
applied to seeds to overcome dormancy prior to the germination test. The 
prechill method varies among kinds, but is usually performed by holding 
imbibed seeds at a low temperature for a specified period of time. The 
prechill period is not included in the duration of tests given in table 
2, unless otherwise specified.
    (6) Predry. The term ``predry'' means to place the seed in a shallow 
layer at a temperature of 35  deg. to 40  deg.C. for a period of 5 to 7 
days, with provisions for circulation of the air.
    (7) Substrata (Kinds). The symbols used for substrata are:

B= between blotters
TB= top of blotters
T= paper toweling, used either as folded towel tests or as roll towel 
          tests in horizontal or vertical position
S= sand or soil
TS= top of sand or soil
P= covered Petri dishes: with two layers of blotters; with one layer of 
          absorbent cotton; with five layers of paper toweling; with 
          three thicknesses of filter paper; or with sand or soil
C= creped cellulose paper wadding (0.3-inch thick Kimpak or equivalent) 
          covered with a single thickness of blotter through which holes 
          are punched for the seed that are pressed for about one-half 
          their thickness into the paper wadding
TC= on top of creped cellulose paper without a blotter
RB= blotters with raised covers, prepared by folding up the edges of the 
          blotter to form a good support for the upper fold which serves 
          as a cover, preventing the top from making direct contact with 
          the seeds.

    (8) Temperature. A single numeral indicates a constant temperature. 
Two numerals separated by a dash indicate an alternation of temperature, 
the test to be held at the first temperature for approximately 16 hours 
and at the second temperature for approximately 8 hours per day. The 
temperature shall be determined at the substratum level and shall be as 
uniform as possible throughout the germination chamber. (A sharp 
alternation of temperature, such as obtained by hand transfer, may be 
beneficial in breaking dormancy.) If tests are not subjected to 
alternating temperatures over weekends and on holidays, they are to be 
held at the first-mentioned temperature during this time. In cases where 
two temperatures are indicated (separated by a semicolon) the first 
temperature shall be regarded as the regular method and the second as an 
alternate method.
    (9) Paper substrata must be free of chemicals toxic to germinating 
seed and seedling growth. If root injury occurs from toxicity of a paper 
substratum or from the use of potassium nitrate, retests shall be made 
on soil or on a substratum moistened with water.
    (10) Ethephon. This term means a 29 parts per million (0.0029 
percent) solution of ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] which 
shall be used to moisten the substratum. This solution is prepared by 
mixing 0.6 ml of a stock solution with 5,000 ml of distilled water. The 
stock solution contains 24 grams of active material per 100 ml of 
propylene glycol or two pounds of active material per gallon. A solution 
which is five times this concentration (5 x 29 ppm) may be used for 
extremely dormant seeds, provided seeds are transferred to substratum 
moistened with water after 1 to 3 days.
    (11) Ethylene. This term means that five (5) ml of ethylene gas per 
cubic foot (176.57 ml/m\3\) of germinator space is injected into a 
germinator in which peanut seeds in moist rolled towels have been 
placed. Following injection of the ethylene, the germinator is kept 
closed until the first count (5 days). If the germinator door is opened 
for the purpose of checking or rewetting the samples, another injection 
of ethylene at the same rate shall be made.
    (b) Special procedures and alternate methods for germination 
referred to in table 2--(1) Alyceclover; swollen seeds. At the 
conclusion of the 21-day test period, carefully pierce the seed coat 
with a sharp instrument and continue the test for 5 additional days. 
Alternate method: The swollen seeds may be placed at 20  deg.C for 48 
hours and then at 35  deg.C for 3 additional days.
    (2) Bahiagrass; removal of glumes. On all varieties except 
``Pensacola,'' remove the enclosing structures (glumes, lemma, and 
palea) from the caryopsis with the aid of a sharp scalpel. If the

[[Page 394]]

seed is fresh or dormant, lightly scratch the surface of the caryopsis.
    (3) Beet, Swiss chard; preparation of seed for test. Before the 
seeds are placed on the germination substratum, they shall be soaked in 
water for 2 hours, using at least 250 ml of water per 100 seeds, then 
washed in running water and the excess water blotted off. The 
temperature of the soaking and washing water should be no lower than 20  
deg.C. Samples producing excessive discoloration of the hypocotyl or 
root should be retested in soil or by washing in running water for 3 
hours and testing on ``Kimpak,'' keeping the seed covered with slightly 
moist blotters. Sugar beets may require 16 hours soaking in water at 25  
deg.C, followed by rinsing and then drying for 2 hours at room 
temperature.
    (4) Buffelgrass; alternate method for dormant seed. The caryopses 
shall be removed from the fascicles and placed on blotters moistened 
with a 0.2 percent solution of KNO3, in petri dishes. The seeds 
from a fascicle should be arranged so they will not be confused with 
seeds from other fascicles during the test. The seeds are then 
prechilled at 5  deg.C for 7 days and tested at 30  deg.C in light for 
21 additional days. Firm ungerminated seeds remaining at the conclusion 
of the test should be scratched lightly and left in test for 7 
additional days.
    (5) Cotton (Gossypium spp.); dormant samples. Samples of cottonseed 
which do not respond to the usual method should be placed in a closed 
container with water and shaken until the lint is thoroughly wet. The 
excess moisture should then be blotted off.
    (6) Endive (Cichorium endivia); dormant samples. Add about \1/8\ 
inch of tap water at the beginning of the test and remove excess water 
after 24 hours.
    (7) Green needlegrass; two test methods as prescribed in table 2 
shall be used on each sample:
    (i) For method 1, acid scarify 400 seeds for 10 minutes in 
concentrated sulfuric acid (95 to 98 percent H2SO4). Rinse 
seeds and dry on blotters for 16 hours, then place seeds on blotters 
moistened with a solution of 0.055 percent (500 ppm gibberellic acid 
GA3) and 0.46 percent (3,000 ppm) thiram and germinate 14 days.
    (ii) For method 2, plant 400 seeds on blotters moistened with a 0.2 
percent solution of KNO3 and germinate 14 days. Refer to 
Sec. 201.57a(c).
    (iii) Report the results of method 2 as the percentage germination. 
If the number in method 2 is less than method 1, subtract the results of 
method 2 from method 1 and report the difference as dormant seed.
    (8) Rescue grass (Bromus catharticus); dormant samples. Wash for 48 
hours in running water, or soak for 48 hours, changing the water and 
rinsing each morning and night.
    (9) Rice (Oryza sativa)--Alternate method. Plant the seeds in moist 
sand. On the seventh day of the test add water to a depth of one-fourth 
inch above the sand level and leave for the remainder of the test. Only 
a final count is made. Dormant seeds: Presoak 24 to 48 hours in 40 
deg.C. water. For deeply dormant seeds, presoak 24 hours in 1,000 p.p.m. 
ethylene chlorohydrin or 5 percent solution of sodium hypochlorite 
(clorox at bottle strength).
    (10) Ryegrass; fluorescence test. The germination test for 
fluorescence of ryegrass shall be conducted in light [not to exceed 100 
foot candles (1,076 lux)] with white filter paper as the substratum. The 
white filter paper should be nontoxic to the roots of ryegrass and of a 
texture that will resist penetration of ryegrass roots. Distilled or 
deionized water shall be used to moisten the filter paper. The test 
shall be conducted in a manner that will prevent the contact of roots of 
different seedlings. Roots of some seedlings produce fluorescent lines 
on white filter paper when viewed under ultraviolet light. First counts 
shall not be made before the eighth day; at that time remove only normal 
fluorescent seedlings. Evaluation of fluorescence shall be made under 
F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tubes in an area where light from 
other sources is excluded. If there are over 75 percent normal 
fluorescent seedlings present at the time of the first count, break the 
contact of the roots of the nonfluorescent seedlings from the substratum 
and reread the fluorescence at the time of the final count. At the final 
count, lift each remaining seedling, observing the path of each root 
since sometimes faint

[[Page 395]]

fluorescence will show on the substratum as the root is lifted. Abnormal 
seedlings and dead seeds are not evaluated for fluorescence. See 
Sec. 201.58a(a).
    (11) Trifolium, Medicago, Melilotus, and Vicia faba; temperature 
requirements. A temperature of 18  deg.C. is desirable for Trifolium 
spp., Medicago spp., Melilotus spp., and Vicia faba.
    (12) Garden bean; use of calcium nitrate. If hypocotyl collar rot is 
observed on seedlings, the sample involved shall be retested using a 0.3 
to 0.6 percent solution of calcium nitrate (CaNO3) to moisten the 
substratum.
    (13) Fourwing Saltbush (Atriplex canscens); preparation of seed for 
test. DE-wing seeds and soak for 2 hours in 3 leters of water after 
which rince with approximately 3 leters of distilled water. Remove 
excess water, air dry for 7 days at room temperature, then test for 
germination as indicated in Table 2.
    (c) Procedures for coated seed:
    (1) Germination tests on coated seed shall be conducted in 
accordance with methods in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. 
However, kinds for which soaking or washing is specified in paragraph 
(b) shall not be soaked or washed in the case of coated seed.
    (i) Coated seed units shall be placed on the substratum in the 
condition in which they are received without rinsing, soaking, or any 
other pretreatment.
    (ii) Coated seed units in mixtures which are color coded or can 
otherwise be separated by kinds shall be germinated as separate kinds 
without removing the coating material.
    (iii) Coated seed units in mixtures which cannot be separated by 
kinds without removing the coating material shall be de-coated and 
germinated as separate kinds. The coating material shall be removed in a 
manner that will not affect the germination capacity of the seeds.
    (2) The moisture level of the substratum is important. It may depend 
on the water-absorbing capacity of the coating material. A retest may be 
necessary before satisfactory germination of the sample is achieved.
    (3) Phytotoxic symptoms may be evident when germinating coated seeds 
in paper substrata. In such cases a retest in sand or soil may be 
necessary.

[[Page 396]]



                                                  Table 2--Germination Requirements for Indicated Kinds                                                 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                      Additional directions             
                                                                                        First    Final  ------------------------------------------------
           Name of seed                 Substrata              Temperature (C)          count    count         Specific                                 
                                                                                         days     days       requirements        Fresh and dormant seed 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                    AGRICULTURAL SEED                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                        
Agrotricum........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days.       
Alfalfa...........................  B, T, S            20............................        4     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...                           
Alfilaria.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3       14  Clip seeds..........                           
Alyceclover.......................  B, T               35............................        4    \1\21  See para. (b)(1) for                           
                                                                                                          swollen seeds.                                
Bahiagrass:                                                                                                                                             
    Var. Pensacola................  P, S               20-35.........................        7       28  Light; see para.      See Sec.  201.57a        
                                                                                                          (b)(2).                                       
    All other vars................  P                  30-35.........................        3       21  Light; remove         Scratch caryopses; KNO3; 
                                                                                                          glumes; see para.     see Sec.  201.57a       
                                                                                                          (b)(2).                                       
Barley............................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill 5 days at 5 deg.
                                                                                                                                or 10  deg.C or predry  
Barrelclover......................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from                              
                                                                                                          bur; see para.                                
                                                                                                          (b)(11).                                      
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Adzuki........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
    Field.........................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................        5     \1\8                                                 
    Mung..........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3     \1\7                                                 
Beet, field.......................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3       14  See para. (b)(3)....                           
Beet, sugar.......................  B, T, S            20-30; 20.....................        3       10  See para. (b)(3)....                           
Beggarweed, Florida...............  B, T               30............................        5    \1\28                                                 
Bentgrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Colonial......................  P                  15-30; 10-30; 15-25...........        7       28  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 7 days.       
    Creeping......................  P                  15-30; 10-30; 15-25...........        7       28  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 7 days.       
    Velvet........................  P                  15-25; 20-30..................        7       21  Light; KNO3.........                           
Bermudagrass......................  P                  20-35.........................        7       21  Light; KNO3; see                               
                                                                                                          para. (a)(9).                                 
Bermudagrass, giant...............  P                  20-35.........................        7       21  Light; KNO3; see      Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                          para. (a)(9).         7 days and then test at 
                                                                                                                                20-35  deg.C; continue  
                                                                                                                                tests of hulled seed for
                                                                                                                                14 days and of unhulled 
                                                                                                                                seed for 21 days        
Bluegrass:                                                                                                                                              
    Annual........................  P                  20-30.........................        7       21  Light...............                           
    Bulbous.......................  P, S               10............................       10       35  KNO3 or soil........  Prechill all samples at 5
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 7 days.      
    Canada........................  P                  15-25; 15-30..................       10       28  Light; KNO3.........  10-30  deg.C.            
    Glaucantha....................  P                  15-25; 15-30..................       10       28  Light; KNO3.........                           
    Kentucky......................  P                  15-25; 15-30..................       10       28  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                5 days.                 
    Nevada........................  P                  20-30.........................        7       21  Light; KNO3.........                           
    Rough.........................  P                  20-30.........................        7       21  Light...............                           
    Texas.........................  P                  20-30.........................        7       28  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks.                
    Wood..........................  P                  20-30.........................        7       28  Light...............                           
Bluejoint.........................  TB, P              15-25.........................       10       21  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                          optional.             5 days                  
Bluestem:                                                                                                                                               
    Big...........................  P, TS              20-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
    Little........................  P, TS              20-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
    Sand..........................  P, TS              20-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
    Yellow........................  P, TS              20-30.........................        5       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
Bottlebrush-squirreltail..........  P, B               20; 15........................       10       14  ....................  See Sec.  201.57a.       

[[Page 397]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Brome:                                                                                                                                                  
    Field.........................  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        6       14  Light...............  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                5 days.                 
    Meadow........................  B, T, TB           20-30.........................        6       14  Light optional......                           
    Mountain......................  P                  20-30.........................        6       14  Light.                                         
    Smooth........................  P, B, TB           20-30.........................        6       14  Light optional......  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, then  
                                                                                                                                test at 30 deg.C for 9  
                                                                                                                                additional days.        
Broomcorn.........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3       10                                                 
Buckwheat.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        6                                                 
Buffalograss:                                                                                                                                           
    (Burs)........................  P, TB, TS          20-35.........................        7       28  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5 deg.C for 6
                                                                                                                                weeks; test 14          
                                                                                                                                additional days; see    
                                                                                                                                Sec.  201.57a.          
    (Caryopses)...................  P                  20-35.........................        5       14  Light; KNO3.........  See Sec.  201.57a.       
Buffelgrass.......................  S                  30............................        7       28  Light; press          See para.(b)(4); see Sec.
                                                                                                          fascicles into well-   201.57a.               
                                                                                                          packed soil and                               
                                                                                                          prechill at 5 deg.C                           
                                                                                                          for 7 days.                                   
Burclover, California.............  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from                              
                                                                                                          bur; see para.                                
                                                                                                          (b)(11).                                      
Burclover, spotted................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  Remove seeds from                              
                                                                                                          bur; see para.                                
                                                                                                          (b)(11).                                      
Burnet, littler...................  B, T               15............................        5       14                                                 
Buttonclover......................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\10  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
Canarygrass.......................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Canarygrass, reed.................  P                  20-30.........................        5       21  Light; KNO3.........                           
Carpetgrass.......................  P                  20-35.........................       10       21  Light...............  KNO3.                    
Castorbean........................  T, S               20-30.........................        7       14  Remove caruncle if                             
                                                                                                          mold interferes                               
                                                                                                          with test.                                    
Chess, soft.......................  P                  20-30.........................        7       14  Light...............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 7 days.       
Chickpea..........................  T,S                20-30.........................        3   \1\ 17                                                 
Clover:                                                                                                                                                 
    Alsike........................  B, T, S            20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Arrowleaf.....................  B, T               20; 15........................        4    \1\14  See para. (b)(11)...                           
    Berseem.......................  B, T, S            20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Cluster.......................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\10  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Crimson.......................  B, T, S            20............................        4     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Kenya.........................  B, T, S            20............................        3       17                                                 
    Ladino........................  B, T, S            20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Lappa.........................  B, T               20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Large hop.....................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Persian.......................  B, T               20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Red...........................  B, T, S            20............................        4     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Rose..........................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\10  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Small hop.....................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Strawberry....................  B, T               20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    Sub...........................  B, T               20............................        4    \1\14  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
    White.........................  B, T, S            20............................        3     \1\7  See para. (b)(11)...  15 deg.C.                
Corn:                                                                                                                                                   
    Field.........................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................        4        7                                                 
    Pop...........................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................        4        7                                                 
Cotton............................  B, T, S            20-30; 30.....................        4    \1\12                        Test by alternate method;
                                                                                                                                see para. (b)(5).       
Cowpea............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        5     \1\8                                                 

[[Page 398]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Crambe............................  T                  25............................        3        7                                                 
Crested dogtail...................  P                  20-30.........................       10       21  Light...............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days.       
Crotalaria:                                                                                                                                             
    Lance.........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
    Showy.........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
    Slenderleaf...................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
    Striped.......................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
    Sunn..........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4    \1\10                                                 
Crownvetch........................  B, T, S            20............................        7    \1\14                                                 
Dallisgrass.......................  P                  20-35.........................        7       21  Light; KNO3.........                           
Dichondra.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        7   \1\ 28                                                 
Drop seed, sand...................  P                  5-35; 15-35...................        5       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                4 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
Emmer.............................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days or     
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Fescue:                                                                                                                                                 
    Chewings......................  P                  15-25.........................        7       21  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 5 days.       
    Hair..........................  P                  10-25.........................       10       28  KNO3................                           
    Hard..........................  P                  15-25.........................        7       21  Light and KNO3                                 
                                                                                                          optional.                                     
    Meadow........................  P                  15-25; 20-30..................        5       14  Light and KNO3                                 
                                                                                                          optional.                                     
    Red...........................  P                  15-25.........................        7       21  Light and KNO3                                 
                                                                                                          optional.                                     
    Sheep.........................  P                  15-25.........................        7       21  Light and KNO3                                 
                                                                                                          optional.                                     
    Tall..........................  P                  15-25; 20-30..................        5       14  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 5 days and    
                                                                                                                                test for 21 days.       
Flax..............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Galletagrass......................  P, B               20; 25; 20-30.................        4       10  ....................  See Sec.  201.57a        
Grama:                                                                                                                                                  
    Blue..........................  P, TB              20-30.........................        7       14  Light...............  KNO3; see Sec.  201.57a. 
    Side-oats.....................  P                  15-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  See Sec.  201.57a.       
Guar..............................  B, T, S            30; 20-30.....................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
Guineagrass.......................  P                  15-35.........................       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional                           
Hardinggrass......................  P                  10-30.........................        7       28  Light...............  KNO3.                    
    Alternate method..............  P                  15-25.........................        7       14  Light; presoak at 15                           
                                                                                                           deg.C for 24 hrs.                            
Hemp..............................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Indiangrass, yellow...............  P, TS              20-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
Indigo, hairy.....................  B, T               20-30.........................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
Japanese lawngrass................  P                  35-20.........................       10       28  Light; KNO3.........                           
Johnsongrass......................  P                  20-35.........................        7       35  Light...............  KNO3; see Sec.  201.57a. 
Kenaf.............................  T, B               20-30.........................        4    \1\ 8                                                 
Kochia, forage....................  P                  20............................        4       14  ....................  See Sec.  201.57a.       
Kudzu.............................  B, T               20-30.........................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
Lentil............................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 10                                                 
Lespedeza:                                                                                                                                              
    Korean........................  B, T, S            20-35.........................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
    Sericea.......................  B, T, S            20-35.........................        7   \1\ 21                                                 
    Siberian......................  B, T, S            20-35.........................        7   \1\ 21                                                 

[[Page 399]]

                                                                                                                                                        
    Striate.......................  B, T, S            20-35.........................        7   \1\ 14                                                 
Lovegrass, sand...................  P                  20-30.........................        5       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 6 weeks; see  
                                                                                                                                Sec.  201.57a.          
Lovegrass, weeping................  P                  20-35.........................        5       14  Light...............  KNO3; see Sec.  201.57a. 
Lupine:                                                                                                                                                 
    Blue..........................  B, T, S            20............................        4   \1\ 10                                                 
    White.........................  B, T               20............................        3   \1\ 10  ....................                           
    Yellow........................  B, T               20............................        7   \1\ 10  ....................                           
Manilagrass.......................  P                  35-20.........................       10       28  Light; KNO3.........                           
Meadow foxtail....................  P                  20-30.........................        7       14  Light...............                           
Medic, black......................  B, T, S            20............................        4    \1\ 7  See para. (b)(11)...                           
Milkvetch.........................  B, T               20............................        6   \1\ 14                                                 
    Alternate method..............  B, TB, T           15-25.........................       10   \1\ 21                                                 
Millet:                                                                                                                                                 
    Browntop......................  B, P, T            20-30; 30.....................        4       14  Light and KNO3        Predry at 35 deg. or 40  
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 7 days and    
                                                                                                                                test at 30  deg.C.      
      Alternate method............  B, P, T            5-35..........................        4       14  Light; KNO3.........                           
    Foxtail.......................  B, T               15-30; 20-30..................        4       10                                                 
    Japanese......................  B, T               20-30.........................        4       10                                                 
    Pearl.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
    Proso.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Molassesgrass.....................  P                  20-30.........................        7       21  Light                                          
Mustard:                                                                                                                                                
    Black.........................  P                  20-30.........................        3        7  Light...............  KNO3 and prechill at 10  
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days.       
    India.........................  P                  20-30.........................        3        7  Light...............  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                7 days and test for 5   
                                                                                                                                days; KNO3.             
    White.........................  P                  20-30.........................        3        5  Light                                          
Napiergrass.......................  B, T               20-30.........................        3       10                                                 
Needlegrass, green:                                                                                                                                     
    Method 1......................  P                  15-30.........................        7       14  H2SO4,GA3 and                                  
                                                                                                          thiram; dark; see                             
                                                                                                          para.(b)(7).                                  
    Method 2......................  P                  15-30.........................        7       14  KNO3; dark; see                                
                                                                                                          para.(b)(7).                                  
Oat...............................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        5       10  Prechill at 5 deg.                             
                                                                                                          or 10  deg.C for 5                            
                                                                                                          days and test for 7                           
                                                                                                          days or predry and                            
                                                                                                          test for 10 days..                            
Oatgrass, tall....................  P                  20-30.........................        6       14  Light                                          
Orchardgrass......................  P, TS              15-25.........................        7       21  Light; germination    Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          more rapid on soil.   deg.C for 7 days.       
Panicgrass, blue..................  P, TS              20-30.........................        7       28  Light                                          
Panicgrass, green.................  P                  15-35.........................       10       28  Light; KNO3 optional                           
Pea, field........................  B, T, S            20............................        3     \1\8                                                 
Peanut............................  B, T, S            20-30; 25.....................        5    \1\10  Remove shells.......  Ethephon or ethylene; see
                                                                                                                                para. (a) (10) and (11).
Rape:                                                                                                                                                   
    Annual........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
    Bird..........................  P                  20-30.........................        3       10  Light...............  KNO3.                    
    Turnip........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
    Winter........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Redtop............................  P, TB              20-30.........................        5       10  Light...............  KNO3.                    
Rescuegrass.......................  P, S               10-30.........................        7       28  Light; see para.      In soil at 15 deg.C.     
                                                                                                          (b)(8) for                                    
                                                                                                          alternate method.                             
Rhodesgrass.......................  P                  20-30.........................        6       14  Light; KNO3                                    
Rice..............................  T, S               20-30; 30.....................        5       14  See para. (b)(9) for  Presoak; see para.       
                                                                                                          alternate method.     (b)(9).                 

[[Page 400]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Ricegrass, Indian.................  P                  15............................        7       42  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                4 weeks and test for 21 
                                                                                                                                additional days; see    
                                                                                                                                Sec.  201.57a.          
    Alternate method..............  S                  5-15; 15; 15-25...............        7       28  ....................  Dark; prechill in soil at
                                                                                                                                5  deg.C for 4 weeks;   
                                                                                                                                see Sec.  201.57a.      
Roughpea..........................  B, T               20............................        7    \1\14  ....................                           
Rye...............................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days or     
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Rye, mountain.....................  B, T               20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  See Sec.  201.57a.       
Ryegrass:                                                                                                                                               
    Annual........................  P, TB              15-25.........................        5       14  Light optional; see   Light; KNO3; prechill at 
                                                                                                          para. (b)(10) for     5 deg. or 10 deg.C for 5
                                                                                                          fluorescence test.    days and test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C; if still dormant 
                                                                                                                                prechill for 3 days and 
                                                                                                                                continue test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C an additional 4   
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Intermediate..................  P, TB              15-25.........................        7       14  Light...............  KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                                                deg. or 10  deg.C for 5 
                                                                                                                                days and test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C; if still dormant 
                                                                                                                                rechill for 3 days and  
                                                                                                                                continue test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C an additional 4   
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Perennial.....................  P, TB              15-25.........................        5       14  Light optional; see   Light; KNO3; prechill at 
                                                                                                          para. (b)(10) for     5 deg. or 10  deg.C for 
                                                                                                          fluorescence test.    5 days and test at 15-25
                                                                                                                                 deg.C; if still dormant
                                                                                                                                rechill for 3 days and  
                                                                                                                                continue test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C an additional 4   
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Wimmera.......................  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        5       14  Light optional......  Light; KNO3; prechill at 
                                                                                                                                5 deg. or 10  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                5 days and test at 15-25
                                                                                                                                 deg.C; if still dormant
                                                                                                                                rechill for 3 days and  
                                                                                                                                continue test at 15-25  
                                                                                                                                deg.C an additional 4   
                                                                                                                                days.                   
Safflower.........................  P, B, T, S         15; 20........................        4       14  Light at 15  deg.C..                           
Sagewort, Louisiana...............  P                  15-25.........................        7       14  Light...............                           
Sainfoin..........................  B, T               20-30.........................        4   \1\ 14                                                 
Saltbush, fourwing................  B                  20............................        5       14  See para. (b)(13)...  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                7 days.                 
    Alternate method..............  B                  15............................  .......       21                                                 
Sesame............................  B, T, TB           20-30.........................        3        6                                                 
Sesbania..........................  B, T               20-30.........................        5    \1\ 7                                                 
Smilo.............................  P                  20-30.........................        7       42  Light...............  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
Sorghum...........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4       10  ....................  Prechill grain vars. at 5
                                                                                                                                 deg. or 10  deg.C for 5
                                                                                                                                days; test sweet vars.  
                                                                                                                                at 30-45  deg.C,        
                                                                                                                                maintaining 45  deg.C   
                                                                                                                                for 2-4 hours per day.  
Sorghum almum.....................  T, S               20-35; 15-35..................        5       21  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                5 days; on the 10th day 
                                                                                                                                of test, clip or pierce 
                                                                                                                                the distal end of       
                                                                                                                                ungerminated seeds.     
Sorghum-sudangrass................  B, T, S            20-30; 25.....................        4       10  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 5 days.      
Sorgrass \2\......................  B, T, S            15-35; 20-35..................        5       21  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 7 days.      
Sourclover........................  B, T               20............................        3   \1\ 14  See para. (b)(11)...                           
Soybean...........................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................        5    \1\ 8                                                 
Spelt.............................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 5 days, or   
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Sudangrass........................  B, T, S            20-30; 15-30..................        4       10  ....................  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                5 days.                 
Sunflower.........................  T, B               20-30.........................        3        7  ....................                           
Sweetclover:                                                                                                                                            
    White.........................  B, T, S            20............................        4    \1\ 7  See para. (b)(11)...                           
    Yellow........................  B, T, S            20............................        4    \1\ 7  See para. (b)(11)...                           
Sweet vernalgrass.................  P                  20-30.........................        6       14  Light...............                           
Sweetvetch, northern..............  B, TB, T           15-25; 20.....................       14   \1\ 28                                                 
Switchgrass.......................  P, TS              15-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks; see Sec.       
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                

[[Page 401]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Timothy...........................  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        5       10  Light; see para.      KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          (a)(9).               deg. or 10  deg.C for 5 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
Timothy, turf.....................  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        5       10  Light...............  KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                                                deg. or 10  deg.C for 5 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
Tobacco...........................  P, TB              20-30.........................        7       14  Light...............                           
Trefoil:                                                                                                                                                
    Big...........................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 12                                                 
    Birdsfoot.....................  B, P, T            20............................        5   \1\ 12                                                 
Triticale.........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 5 days, or   
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Vaseygrass........................  P                  20-35.........................        7       21  Light...............  KNO3.                    
Veldtgrass........................  P                  10-30.........................        7       28  Light...............  See Sec.  201.57a.       
Velvetbean........................  B, T, S, C         20-30.........................        3   \1\ 14  ....................                           
Velvetgrass.......................  P                  20-30.........................        6       14  Light...............                           
Vetch:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common........................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 10                                                 
    Hairy.........................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
    Hungarian.....................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 10                                                 
    Monantha......................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 10                                                 
    Narrowleaf....................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 14                                                 
    Purple........................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 10                                                 
    Woollypod.....................  B, T               20............................        5   \1\ 14  ....................  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                5 days, test at 15      
                                                                                                                                deg.C.                  
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                  
    Common........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                 deg.C for 5 days, or   
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
    Club..........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, or    
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
    Durum.........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, or    
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
    Polish........................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, or    
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
    Poulard.......................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, or    
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Wheat Agrotricum..................  B, T, S            20; 15........................        4        7  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days, or    
                                                                                                                                predry.                 
Wheatgrass:                                                                                                                                             
    Beardless.....................  P, TB              15-25.........................        7       14  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Fairway crested...............  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        5       14  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Standard crested..............  P, TB              15-25; 20-30..................        5       14  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Intermediate..................  P                  15-25.........................        5       28  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
      Alternate method............  P                  20-30.........................        5       28  Light...............                           
    Pubescent.....................  P                  15-25.........................        5       28  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
      Alternate method............  P                  20-30.........................        5       28  Light...............                           
    Siberian......................  P, TB              15-25.........................        7       14  Light and KNO3        KNO3 and prechill at 5   
                                                                                                          optional.             deg. or 10  deg.C for 7 
                                                                                                                                days.                   
    Slender.......................  P, TB              15-25; 10-30..................        5       14  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 5 days; if    
                                                                                                                                still dormant on the    
                                                                                                                                10th day, rechill 2     
                                                                                                                                days, then place at 20- 
                                                                                                                                30  deg.C for 4 days.   
    Streambank....................  P, TB              15-25.........................        5       14  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 5 days.       
    Tall..........................  P                  15-25.........................        5       21  Light and KNO3        Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                          optional.             deg.C for 5 days.       
      Alternate method............  P                  20-30.........................        5       21  Light...............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days.       
    Western.......................  B, P, T            15-30.........................        7       28  Dark................  KNO3 or soil; see Sec.   
                                                                                                                                201.57a.                
Wildrye:                                                                                                                                                
    Basin.........................  P                  15-25.........................       10       21  ....................  See Sec.  201.57a.       
    Canada........................  P                  15-30.........................        7       21  Light...............  Prechill at 5  deg.C for 
                                                                                                                                2 weeks.                
    Russian.......................  P                  20-30.........................        5       14  Light...............  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 5 days.       
                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                     VEGETABLE SEED                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                        
Artichoke.........................  B, T               20-30.........................        7       21                                                 
Asparagus.........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        7       21                                                 
Asparagusbean.....................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        5    \1\ 8                                                 

[[Page 402]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Bean:                                                                                                                                                   
    Garden........................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................     None    \1\ 8  ....................  See para. (b)(12).       
    Lima..........................  B, T, C, S         20-30.........................        5    \1\ 9  ....................                           
    Runner........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        5    \1\ 9                                                 
Beet..............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3       14  See para. (b)(3)....                           
Broadbean.........................  S, C               20............................        4   \1\ 14  See para. (b)(11)...  Prechill at 10  deg.C for
                                                                                                                                3 days.                 
Broccoli..........................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days; KNO3  
                                                                                                                                and light.              
Brussels sprouts..................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  Prechill at 5 deg.                             
                                                                                                          or 10  deg.C for 3                            
                                                                                                          days; KNO3 and                                
                                                                                                          light.                                        
Burdock, great....................  B, T               20-30.........................        7       14                                                 
Cabbage...........................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days; KNO3  
                                                                                                                                and light.              
Cabbage, Chinese..................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7  ....................                           
                                                                                                                                                        
Cabbage, tronchuda................  B, P               20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days; KNO3  
                                                                                                                                and light.              
Cardoon...........................  B, T               20-30.........................        7       21                                                 
Carrot............................  B, T               20-30.........................        6       14                                                 
Cauliflower.......................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days; KNO3  
                                                                                                                                and light               
Celeriac..........................  P                  5-25; 20......................       10       21  Light; see para.                               
                                                                                                          (a)(9).                                       
Celery............................  P                  15-25; 20.....................       10       21  Light; see para.                               
                                                                                                          (a)(9).                                       
Chard, Swiss......................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3       14  See para. (b)(3)....                           
Chicory...........................  P, TS              20-30.........................        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil;                           
                                                                                                          see para.(a)(9)                               
Chives............................  B, T               20............................        6       14                                                 
Citron............................  B, T               20-30.........................        7       14  Soak seeds 6 hrs....  Test at 30   deg.C.      
Collards..........................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5 deg. or 10 
                                                                                                                                deg.C for 3 days; KNO3  
                                                                                                                                and light .             
Corn, sweet.......................  B, T, S, TC        20-30; 25.....................        4        7                                                 
Cornsalad.........................  B, T               15............................        7       28  Test at 10   deg.C..                           
Cowpea............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        5    \1\ 8                                                 
Cress:                                                                                                                                                  
    Garden........................  B, P, T            15............................        4       10  ....................  Light.                   
    Upland........................  P, TB              20-35.........................        4        7  Light; KNO3.........                           
    Water.........................  P                  20-30.........................        4       14  Light...............                           
Cucumber..........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3        7  Keep substratum on                             
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
Dandelion.........................  P, TB              20-30.........................        7       21  Light; see para.                               
                                                                                                          (a)(9).                                       
Dill..............................  B, T               20-30.........................        7       21                                                 
Eggplant..........................  P, TB, RB, T       20-30.........................        7       14  Light; KNO3.........                           
Endive............................  P, TS              20-30.........................        5       14  Light; KNO3 or soil.  See para. (b)(6).        
Gherkin, West India...............  B, T, S            20-30.........................        3        7  Test at 30   deg.C..                           
Kale..............................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                  deg.C for 3 days;     
                                                                                                                                KNO3and light.          
Kale, Chinese.....................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                  deg.C for 3 days;     
                                                                                                                                KNO3and light.          
Kale, Siberian....................  B, P, T            20-30; 20.....................        3        7                                                 
Kohlrabi..........................  B, P, T            20-30.........................        3       10  ....................  Prechill at 5  deg. or 10
                                                                                                                                  deg.C for 3 days; KNO3
                                                                                                                                and light.              
Leek..............................  B, T               20............................        6       14  ....................                           

[[Page 403]]

                                                                                                                                                        
Lettuce...........................  P                  20............................     None        7   Light..............  Prechill at 10   deg.C   
                                                                                                                                for 3 days or test at 15
                                                                                                                                  deg.C.                
Melon.............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4       10  Keep substratum on                             
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
Mustard, India....................  P                  20-30.........................        3        7  Light...............  Prechill at 10   deg.C   
                                                                                                                                for 7 days and test for 
                                                                                                                                5 additional days; KNO3.
Mustard, spinach..................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Okra..............................  B, T               20-30.........................        4   \1\ 14  ....................                           
Onion.............................  B, T               20............................        6       10                                                 
    Alternate method..............  S                  20............................        6       12  ....................                           
Onion, Welsh......................  B, T               20............................        6       10  ....................                           
Pak-choi..........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7  ....................                           
Parsley...........................  B, T, TS           20-30.........................       11       28  ....................                           
Parsnip...........................  B, T, TS           20-30.........................        6       28  ....................                           
Pea...............................  B, T,S             20............................        5    \1\ 8  ....................                           
Pepper............................  TB, RB, T          20-30.........................        6       14  ....................  Light and KNO3.          
Pumpkin...........................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        4        7  Keep substratum on                             
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
Radish............................  B, T               20............................        4        6  ....................                           
Rhubarb...........................  TB, TS             20-30.........................        7       21  Light...............                           
Rutabaga..........................  B, T               20-30.........................        3       14  ....................                           
Sage..............................  B, T, S            20-30.........................        5       14  ....................                           
Salsify...........................  B, T               15............................        5       10  Prechill at 10                                 
                                                                                                          deg.C for 3 days..                            
Savory, summer....................  B, T               20-30.........................        5       21  ....................                           
Sorrel............................   P, TB, TS         20-30.........................        3       14  Light...............  Test at 15   deg.C.      
Soybean...........................   B, T, S, TC       20-30; 25.....................        5    \1\ 8  ....................                           
Spinach...........................   TB, T             15;10.........................        7       21  Keep substratum on                             
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
Spinach, New Zealand..............  T                  15; 20........................        5       21  Soak fruits           On 21st day scrape fruits
                                                                                                          overnight (16 hrs),   and test for 7          
                                                                                                          air dry 7 hrs;        additional days.        
                                                                                                          plant in very wet                             
                                                                                                          towels; do not                                
                                                                                                          rewater unless                                
                                                                                                          later counts                                  
                                                                                                          exhibit drying out.                           
Alternate method..................  B, T               15............................        5       21  Remove pulp from                               
                                                                                                          basal end of fruit.                           
Squash............................   B, T, S           20-30.........................        4        7  Keep substratum on                             
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
Tomato............................  B, P, RB, T        20-30.........................        5       14  ....................  Light; KNO3.             
Tomato, husk......................  P, TB              20-30.........................        7       28  Light; KNO3.........                           
Turnip............................  B, T               20-30.........................        3        7                                                 
Watermelon........................  B, T, S            20-30; 25.....................        4       14  Keep substratum on    Test at 30   deg.C.      
                                                                                                          dry side; see para.                           
                                                                                                          (a)(3).                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Hard seeds may be present. (See Sec.  201.57)                                                                                                       
\2\ Rhizomatous derivatives of a johnsongrass sorghum cross or a johnsongrass sudangrass cross.                                                         



[[Page 404]]

[20 FR 7928, Oct 21, 1955]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.58, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.

              examinations in the administration of the act



Sec. 201.58a  Indistinguishable seeds.

    When the identification of the kind, variety, or type of seed or 
determination that seed is hybrid is not possible by seed 
characteristics, identification may be based upon the seedling, growing 
plant or mature plant characteristics according to such authentic 
information as is available.
    (a) Ryegrass. In determining the pure seed percentage of perennial 
ryegrass and annual ryegrass, 400 seeds shall be grown on white filter 
paper and the number of fluorescent seedlings determined under 
ultraviolet light at the end of the germination period (see 
Sec. 201.58(b)(10)).
    (1) Fluorescence results are to be determined as test fluorescence 
level (TFL) to two decimal places as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR14DE94.001

    (2) The percentage of perennial ryegrass is calculated as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR14DE94.002
    
where VFL=Variety fluorescence level.
    (3) Using results from the above formula, the percentage of annual 
ryegrass is calculated as follows:

% Annual Ryegrass = % Pure Ryegrass-% Perennial Ryegrass

    (4) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of a perennial ryegrass is 
equal to or less than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described for 
the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be perennial ryegrass 
and the formula is not applied.
    (5) If the test fluorescence level (TFL) of an annual ryegrass is 
equal to or greater than the variety fluorescence level (VFL) described 
for the variety, all pure ryegrass is considered to be annual ryegrass 
and the formula is not applied.
    (6) A list of variety fluorescence level (VFL) descriptions for 
perennial ryegrass varieties which are more than 0 percent fluorescent 
and annual ryegrass varieties which are less than 100 percent 
fluorescent is maintained and published by the National Grass Variety 
Review Board of the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies 
(AOSCA). If the variety being tested is not stated or the fluorescence 
level has not been described, the fluorescence level shall be considered 
to be 0 percent for perennial ryegrass and 100 percent for annual 
ryegrass. Both VFL (annual) and VFL (perennial) values must always be 
entered in the formula. If a perennial ryegrass variety is being tested, 
the VFL (annual) value is 100 percent. If an annual ryegrass variety is 
being tested, the VFL (perennial) value is 0 percent. For blends the 
fluorescence level shall be interpolated according to the portion of 
each variety claimed to be present.
    (b) Sweetclover. To determine the presence of yellow sweetclover in 
samples of white sweetclover, at least 400 seeds shall be subjected to 
the chemical test as follows:
    (1) Preparation of test solution: Add 3 grams of cupric sulfate 
(CuSO4) to 30 ml of household ammonia (NH4OH, approximately 
4.8 percent) in a stoppered bottle to form tetraamminecopper sulfate 
([Cu(NH3)4]SO4) solution used for

[[Page 405]]

this test. After mixing, a light blue precipitate of cupric hydroxide 
(Cu(OH)2) should form. If no precipitate forms, add additional 
CuSO4 until a precipitate appears. Since the strength of household 
ammonia can vary, formation of a precipitate indicates that a complete 
reaction has taken place between CuSO4 and NH4OH; otherwise 
fumes from excess ammonium hydroxide may cause eye irritation.
    (2) Preparation of seeds: To insure imbibition, scratch, prick, or 
otherwise scarify the seed coats of the sweetclover seeds being tested. 
Soak seeds in water for 2 to 5 hours in a glass container.
    (3) Chemical reaction: When seeds have imbibed, remove excess water 
and add enough test solution to cover the seeds. Seeds coats of yellow 
sweetclover will begin to stain dark brown to black; seed coats of white 
sweetclover will be olive or yellow-green. Make the separation within 20 
minutes, since the seed coats of white sweetclover will eventually turn 
black also.
    (4) Calculation of results: Count the number of seeds which stain 
dark brown or black and divide by the total number of seeds tested; 
multiply by the pure seed percentage for Melilotus spp.; the result is 
the percentage of yellow sweetclover in the sample. The percentage of 
white sweetclover is found by subtracting the percentage of yellow 
sweetclover from the percentage of Melilotus spp. pure seed.
    (c) Wheat. In determining varietal purity, the phenol test may be 
used. From the pure seed sample count four replicates of 100 seeds each. 
Soak the seed in distilled water for 16 hours; then flush with tap water 
and remove the excess water from the surface of the seeds. Place two 
layers of filter paper in a container and moisten with a 1 percent 
phenol (C6H5OH) solution. Place the seed, palea side down, on 
the two layers of filter paper and cover the container. A preliminary 
observation may be made at 2 hours. At 4 hours, record the number of 
seeds in each of the following color categories:
    (1) Ivory.
    (2) Fawn.
    (3) Light Brown.
    (4) Brown.
    (5) Brown Black.
    (d) Soybean. In determining the varietal purity, the peroxidase test 
may be used. Remove and place the dry seed coat from seeds into 
individual test tubes or suitable containers. Add 10 drops (0.5-1.0 ml) 
of 0.5 percent guaiacol (C7H8O2) to each test tube. After 
waiting 10 minutes add one drop (about 0.1 ml) of 0.1 percent hydrogen 
peroxide (H2O2). One minute after adding hydrogen peroxide, 
record the seed coat as peroxidase positive (high peroxidase activity) 
indicated by a reddish-brown solution or peroxidase negative (low 
peroxidase activity) indicated by a colorless solution in the test tube. 
Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Test results shall 
include the sample size tested.
    (e) Oat. In determining the varietal purity, the fluorescence test 
may be used. Place at least 400 seeds on a black background under a 
F15T8-BLB or comparable ultraviolet tube(s) in an area where light from 
other sources is excluded. Seeds are considered fluorescent if the lemma 
or palea fluoresce or appear light in color. ``Partially fluorescent'' 
seeds shall be considered fluorescent. Seeds are considered 
nonfluorescent if the lemma and palea do not fluoresce and appear dark 
in color under the ultraviolet light.

[59 FR 64514, Dec. 14, 1994]

    Editorial Note:  For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.58a, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.



Sec. 201.58b   Origin.

    The presence of incidental weed seeds, foreign matter, or any other 
existing circumstances shall be considered in determining the origin of 
seed.

[5 FR 35, Jan. 4, 1940. Redesignated at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.58c   Detection of captan, mercury, or thiram on seed.

    The bioassay method may be used according to the procedure given in 
Association of Official Seed Analysts, Handbook No. 26, 
``Microbiological Assay of Fungicide-treated Seeds'', May 1964.

[38 FR 12733, May 15, 1973]

[[Page 406]]



Sec. 201.58d  Fungal endophyte test.

    A fungal endophyte test may be used to determine the amount of 
fungal endophyte (Acremonium spp.) in certain grasses.
    (a) Method of preparation of aniline blue stain for use in testing 
grass seed and plant material for the presence of fungal endophyte:
    (1) Prepare a 1 percent aqueous aniline blue solution by dissolving 
1 gram aniline blue in 100 ml distilled water.
    (2) Prepare the endophyte staining solution of one part of 1 percent 
aniline blue solution with 2 parts of 85 percent lactic acid 
(C3H6O3).
    (3) Use stain as-is or dilute with water if staining is too dark.
    (b) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in grass 
seed:
    (1) Take a sub-sample of seed (1 gram is sufficient) from the pure 
seed portion of the kind under consideration.
    (2) Digest seed at room temperature for 12-16 hours in a 5 percent 
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution or other temperature/time combination 
resulting in adequate seed softening.
    (3) Rinse thoroughly in running tap water.
    (4) De-glume seeds and place on a microscope slide in a drop of 
endophyte staining solution. Slightly crush the seeds. Use caution to 
prevent carryover hyphae of fungal endophyte from one seed to another.
    (5) Place coverglass on seed and apply gentle pressure.
    (6) Examine with compound microscope at 100-400x magnification, 
scoring a seed as positive if any identifiable hyphae are present.
    (7) Various sample sizes may be used for this test. Precision 
changes with sample size; therefore, the test results must include the 
sample size tested.
    (c) Procedure for determining levels of fungal endophyte in 
seedlings from seed samples suspected to contain fungal endophyte:
    (1) Select seeds at random and germinate.
    (2) Examine seedlings from the sample germinated after growing for a 
minimum of 48 days.
    (3) Remove the outermost sheath from the seedling. Tissue should 
have no obvious discoloration from saprophytes and should have as little 
chlorophyll as possible.
    (4) Isolate a longitudinal section of leaf sheath approximately 3-5 
mm in width.
    (5) Place the section on a microscope slide with the epidermis side 
down.
    (6) Stain immediately with the endophyte staining solution as 
prepared in paragraph (a) (2) and (3) of this section. Allow dye to 
remain at least 15 seconds but no more than one minute.
    (7) Blot off the excess dye with tissue paper. Sections should 
remain on the slide, but may adhere to the tissue paper; if so, remove 
and place in proper position on the slide.
    (8) Place a coverglass on the sections and flood with water.
    (9) Proceed with evaluation as described in paragraph (b) (6) and 
(7) of this section.

[59 FR 64515, Dec. 14, 1994]

                               tolerances



Sec. 201.59   Application.

    Tolerances shall be recognized between the percentages or rates of 
occurrence found by analysis, test, or examination in the administration 
of the act and percentages or rates of occurrence required or stated as 
required by the act. Tolerances for purity percentages and germination 
percentages provided for in Secs. 201.60 and 201.63 shall be determined 
from the mean of (a) the results being compared, or (b) the result found 
by test and the figures shown on a label, or (c) the result found by 
test and a standard. All other tolerances, including tolerances for 
pure-live seed and fluorescence, and tolerances for purity based on 10 
to 1,000 seeds, seedlings, or plants shall be determined from the result 
or results found in the administration of the Act.

[5 FR 34, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955; 24 FR 
3954, May 15, 1959; 35 FR 6108, Apr. 15, 1970]



Sec. 201.60  Purity percentages.

    (a)(1) The tolerance for a given percentage of the purity components 
is the same whether for pure seed, other crop seed, weed seed, or inert 
matter. Wider tolerances are provided when 33 percent or more of the 
sample is composed of seed plus empty florets and/or

[[Page 407]]

empty spikelets of the following chaffy kinds: bentgrasses, 
bermudagrasses, bluegrasses, bluestems, bottlebrush- squirreltail, 
bromes, buffalograss, buffelgrass, carpetgrass, soft chess, dallisgrass, 
fescues, meadow foxtail, galletagrass, guineagrass, gramas, 
molassesgrass, tall oatgrass, orchardgrass, redtop, rescuegrass, 
rhodesgrass, Indian ricegrass, ryegrasses, sweet vernalgrass, 
vaseygrass, veldtgrass, wheatgrasses, wildryes, and yellow indiangrass. 
The wider tolerances do not apply to seed devoid of hulls.
    (2) To determine the tolerance for any purity percentage found in 
the administration of the act, the percentage found is averaged (i) with 
that claimed or shown on a label or (ii) with a specified standard. The 
tolerance is found from this average. If more than one test is made, all 
except any test obviously in error shall be averaged and the result 
treated as a single percentage.
    (b) The tolerances found in columns C and D for the respective 
purity percentages shown in columns A and B of table No. 3 shall be used 
for (1) unmixed seed and (2) mixtures in which the particle-weight ratio 
is 1:1 to 1.49:1, inclusive. Tolerances for intermediate percentages not 
shown in table 3 shall be obtained by interpolation.

   Table 3--Tolerances for Any Component of a Purity Analysis for (1)   
 Unmixed Seed or (2) Mixed Seed in Which the Particle Weight Ratio Is 1:
                         1 to 1.49: 1, Inclusive                        
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Nonchaffy    Chaffy 
        Average analysis (A)                 (B)    seeds (C)  seeds (D)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
99.95-100.00........................     0.00-0.04       0.13       0.16
99.90- 99.94........................     .05-  .09        .20        .23
99.85- 99.89........................     .10-  .14        .24        .29
99.80- 99.84........................     .15-  .19        .28        .34
99.75- 99.79........................     .20-  .24        .32        .37
99.70- 99.74........................     .25-  .29        .35        .41
99.65- 99.69........................     .30-  .34        .37        .45
99.60- 99.64........................     .35-  .39        .40        .48
99.55- 99.59........................     .40-  .44        .42        .50
99.50- 99.54........................     .45-  .49        .44        .53
99.40- 99.49........................     .50-  .59        .47        .57
99.30- 99.39........................     .60-  .69        .51        .60
99.20- 99.29........................     .70-  .79        .54        .64
99.10- 99.19........................     .80-  .89        .57        .66
99.00- 99.09........................     .90-  .99        .59        .70
98.75- 98.99........................    1.00- 1.24        .64        .75
98.50- 98.74........................    1.25- 1.49        .71        .82
98.25- 98.49........................    1.50- 1.74        .76        .89
98.00- 98.24........................    1.75- 1.99        .82        .95
97.75- 97.99........................    2.00- 2.24        .87       1.01
97.50- 97.74........................    2.25- 2.49        .92       1.07
97.25- 97.49........................    2.50- 2.74        .96       1.12
97.00- 97.24........................    2.75- 2.99       1.00       1.17
96.50- 96.99........................    3.00- 3.49       1.06       1.24
96.00- 96.49........................    3.50- 3.99       1.14       1.34
95.50- 95.99........................    4.00- 4.49       1.21       1.41
95.00- 95.49........................    4.50- 4.99       1.27       1.49
94.00- 94.99........................    5.00- 5.99       1.36       1.60
93.00- 93.99........................    6.00- 6.99       1.47       1.73
92.00- 92.99........................    7.00- 7.99       1.58       1.85
91.00- 91.99........................    8.00- 8.99       1.67       1.96
90.00- 90.99........................    9.00- 9.99       1.75       2.06
88.00- 89.99........................   10.00-11.99       1.87       2.19
86.00- 87.99........................   12.00-13.99       2.01       2.36
84.00- 85.99........................   14.00-15.99       2.14       2.51
82.00- 83.99........................   16.00-17.99       2.24       2.64
80.00- 81.99........................   18.00-19.99       2.35       2.76
78.00- 79.99........................   20.00-21.99       2.44       2.86
76.00- 77.99........................   22.00-23.99       2.52       2.96
74.00- 75.99........................   24.00-25.99       2.59       3.04
72.00- 73.99........................   26.00-27.99       2.65       3.12
70.00- 71.99........................   28.00-29.99       2.71       3.19
65.00- 69.99........................   30.00-34.99       2.80       3.29
60.00- 64.99........................   35.00-39.99       2.89       3.40
50.00- 59.99........................   40.00-49.99       2.96       3.48
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Tolerances calculated by the following formula shall be used for 
either chaffy or nonchaffy mixtures when the average particle-weight 
ratio is 1.5:1 to 20:1 and beyond:
    The symbols used in the formula are as follows:

T=tolerance being calculated.
A=percent which the weight of the component with the heavier average 
    particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
B=percent which the weight of the component with the lighter average 
    particle-weight is of the weight of both components.
H=average particle-weight for the component with the heavier average 
    particle-weight.
L=average particle-weight for the component with the lighter average 
    particle-weight.
R=ratio of the average particle-weight for the component with the 
    heavier average particle-weight to the average particle-weight for 
    the component with the lighter average particle-weight. R=H/L.

[[Page 408]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR14DE94.003


T1=regular tolerance for the kind of seed (chaffy or nonchaffy) and for 
    (100B)/(B+A/R).

    In determining the values for A and B in the formula, the sample 
shall be regarded as composed of two parts:
    (1) The kind, type, or variety under consideration, and
    (2) All other components. Values for H and L shall be obtained from 
the last column of Table 1, Sec. 201.46, or by laboratory tests for 
inert matter, weed seeds, or crop seeds where such values are not 
obtainable from Table 1. In computing tolerances for nonchaffy kinds the 
values for T1 are taken from column C of Table 3, and for chaffy kinds 
the values for T1 are taken from column D of Table 3.

[26 FR 10036, Oct. 26, 1961, as amended at 59 FR 64515, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.61   Fluorescence percentages in ryegrasses.

    Tolerances for 400-seed fluorescence tests shall be those set forth 
in the following table plus one-half the regular pure-seed tolerance 
determined in accordance with Sec. 201.60. When only 200 seeds of a 
component in a mixture are tested, an additional 2 percent shall be 
added to the fluorescence tolerance.


                  Percent found fluorescence tolerance                  
                                                                        
                                                                        
100..............................................................       
99...............................................................    1.0
98...............................................................    1.6
97...............................................................    2.0
96...............................................................    2.3
95...............................................................    2.6
94...............................................................    2.9
93...............................................................    3.2
92...............................................................    3.4
91...............................................................    3.6
90...............................................................    3.8
89...............................................................    4.0
88...............................................................    4.1
87...............................................................    4.3
86...............................................................    4.5
85...............................................................    4.7
84...............................................................    4.8
83...............................................................    4.9
82...............................................................    5.0
81...............................................................    5.2
80...............................................................    5.3
79...............................................................    5.4
78...............................................................    5.5
77...............................................................    5.6
76...............................................................    5.7
75...............................................................    5.8
74...............................................................    5.8
73...............................................................    5.9
72...............................................................    6.0
71...............................................................    6.1
70...............................................................    6.2
69...............................................................    6.2
68...............................................................    6.3
67...............................................................    6.3
66...............................................................    6.4
65...............................................................    6.5
64...............................................................    6.5
63...............................................................    6.5
62...............................................................    6.6
61...............................................................    6.6
60...............................................................    6.7
59...............................................................    6.7
58...............................................................    6.8
57...............................................................    6.8
56...............................................................    6.8
55...............................................................    6.8
54...............................................................    6.9
53...............................................................    6.9
52...............................................................    6.9
51...............................................................    6.9
50...............................................................    6.9
49...............................................................    6.9
48...............................................................    6.9
47...............................................................    6.9
46...............................................................    6.9
45...............................................................    6.9
44...............................................................    6.9
43...............................................................    6.9
42...............................................................    6.9
41...............................................................    6.9
40...............................................................    6.9
39...............................................................    6.8
38...............................................................    6.8
37...............................................................    6.8
36...............................................................    6.8
35...............................................................    6.7
34...............................................................    6.7
33...............................................................    6.7
32...............................................................    6.6
31...............................................................    6.6
30...............................................................    6.5
29...............................................................    6.5
28...............................................................    6.4
27...............................................................    6.4
26...............................................................    6.3
25...............................................................    6.2
24...............................................................    6.2
23...............................................................    6.1
22...............................................................    6.0
21...............................................................    5.9
20...............................................................    5.8
19...............................................................    5.7
18...............................................................    5.6
17...............................................................    5.5
16...............................................................    5.4
15...............................................................    5.3
14...............................................................    5.2
13...............................................................    5.0
12...............................................................    4.9
11...............................................................    4.7

[[Page 409]]

                                                                        
10...............................................................    4.6
9................................................................    4.4
8................................................................    4.2
7................................................................    4.0
6................................................................    3.7
5................................................................    3.5
4................................................................    3.2
3................................................................    2.8
2................................................................    2.4
1................................................................    1.8
0................................................................    1.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[32 FR 12781, Sept. 6, 1967, as amended at 59 FR 64516, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.62   Tests for determination of percentages of kind, variety, type, hybrid, or offtype.

    Tolerances for tests for determination of percentages of kind, 
variety, type, hybrid, or offtype shall be those set forth in the 
following table, added to one-half the required pure seed tol- erances 
determined in accordance with Sec. 201.60, except that one-half the pure 
seed tolerance will not be applied in determining tolerances for hybrids 
labeled on the basis of the percentage of pure seed which is hybrid.

 Table 4--Tolerances for Purity Tests, When Results Are Based on 10 to 1,000 Seeds, Seedlings, or Plants Used in
                                                     a Test                                                     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Number of seeds, seedlings, or plants in tests              
   Seed, seedling, or plant count   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
              percent                  10     20     30     50     75    100    150    200    400    800   1,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 or 0...........................    0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0      0  
98 or 2............................   10.3    7.3    6.0    4.6    3.8    3.3    2.7    2.3    1.6    1.2    1.0
96 or 4............................   14.4   10.2    8.3    6.4    5.3    4.6    3.7    3.2    2.3    1.7    1.5
94 or 6............................   17.5   12.4   10.1    7.8    6.4    5.5    4.5    3.9    2.9    2.1    1.9
92 or 8............................   20.0   14.1   11.5    8.9    7.3    6.3    5.2    4.5    3.4    2.4    2.2
90 or 10...........................   22.1   15.7   12.8    9.9    8.1    7.0    5.7    4.9    3.8    2.8    2.4
88 or 12...........................   24.0   17.0   13.8   10.7    8.7    7.6    6.2    5.4    4.1    3.0    2.7
86 or 14...........................   25.7   18.1   14.7   11.4    9.3    8.1    6.6    5.7    4.5    3.2    2.9
84 or 16...........................   26.9   19.0   15.5   12.1    9.8    8.5    7.0    6.0    4.8    3.4    3.0
82 or 18...........................   28.2   20.0   16.4   12.6   10.3    8.9    7.3    6.3    5.0    3.6    3.2
80 or 20...........................   29.5   20.9   16.9   13.2   10.7    9.3    7.6    6.6    5.3    3.8    3.3
78 or 22...........................   30.5   21.6   17.6   13.6   11.0    9.6    7.9    6.8    5.5    3.9    3.5
76 or 24...........................   31.4   22.3   18.2   14.1   11.5    9.9    8.1    7.0    5.7    4.1    3.6
74 or 26...........................   32.3   22.8   18.6   14.4   11.8   10.2    8.3    7.2    5.8    4.2    3.7
72 or 28...........................   33.0   23.4   19.0   14.8   12.1   10.5    8.5    7.4    6.0    4.3    3.8
70 or 30...........................   33.7   23.8   19.5   15.1   12.3   10.7    8.7    7.5    6.2    4.4    3.9
68 or 32...........................   34.3   24.3   19.9   15.4   12.5   10.8    8.9    7.7    6.3    4.5    4.0
66 or 34...........................   35.0   24.7   20.2   15.7   12.7   11.0    9.0    7.8    6.4    4.6    4.0
64 or 36...........................   35.4   25.0   20.5   15.8   12.9   11.2    9.1    7.9    6.5    4.6    4.1
62 or 38...........................   35.5   25.4   20.6   15.9   13.0   11.3    9.2    8.0    6.6    4.7    4.2
60 or 40...........................   36.1   25.7   20.9   16.1   13.2   11.4    9.3    8.1    6.7    4.8    4.2
58 or 42...........................   36.2   25.7   21.0   16.2   13.3   11.5    9.4    8.1    6.8    4.8    4.2
56 or 44...........................   36.5   25.8   21.0   16.4   13.3   11.5    9.4    8.2    6.8    4.8    4.3
54 or 46...........................   36.8   25.8   21.2   16.4   13.4   11.6    9.5    8.2    6.9    4.9    4.3
52 or 48...........................   36.8   25.9   21.2   16.5   13.4   11.6    9.5    8.2    6.9    4.9    4.3
50.................................   36.8   25.9   21.3   16.5   13.4   11.6    9.5    8.2    6.9    4.9    4.3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[32 FR 12781, Sept. 6, 1967, as amended at 33 FR 10841, July 31, 1968; 
35 FR 6108, April 15, 1970; 59 FR 64516, Dec. 14, 1994]



Sec. 201.63   Germination.

    The following tolerances are applicable to the percentage of 
germination and also to the sum of the germination plus the hard seed 
when 400 or more seeds are tested.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Mean (See Sec.  201.59)                     Tolerance
------------------------------------------------------------------------
96 or over..................................................           5
90 or over but less than 96.................................           6
80 or over but less than 90.................................           7
70 or over but less than 80.................................           8
60 or over but less than 70.................................           9
Less than 60................................................          10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    When only 200 seeds of a component in a mixture are tested 2 percent 
shall be added to the above germination tolerances.

[15 FR 2399, Apr. 28, 1950, as amended at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955]

[[Page 410]]



Sec. 201.64   Pure live seed.

    The tolerance for pure live seed shall be determined by applying the 
respective tolerances to the germination plus the hard seed and the pure 
seed.

[5 FR 35, Jan. 4, 1940. Redesignated at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955]



Sec. 201.65   Noxious weed seeds in interstate commerce.

    Tolerances for rates of occurrence of noxious weed seeds shall be 
recognized and shall be applied to the number of noxious weed seeds 
found by analysis in the quantity of seed specified for noxious weed 
seed determinations in Secs. 201.46 and 201.52. Applicable tolerances 
are calculated by the formula, Y=X+1+1.96X, where X is the 
number labeled or represented and Y is the maximum number within 
tolerance. Some tolerances are listed below. Representations showing the 
rate of occurrence indicated in Column X will be considered within 
tolerance if not more than the corresponding number in Column Y are 
found by analysis in the administration of the Act. For numbers of seeds 
greater than those in the table and in case of additional or more 
extensive analyses, a tolerance based on a degree of certainty of 5 
percent (P=0.05) will be recognized.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                     Maximum number    Number labeled    Maximum number 
Number labeled or  within tolerances   or represented        within     
 represented (X)          (Y)                (X)         tolerances (Y) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0    ............           2                 16               24       
1    ............           4                 17               25       
2    ............           6                 18               27       
3    ............           8                 19               28       
4    ............           9                 20               29       
5    ............          11                 21               30       
6    ............          12                 22               32       
7    ............          13                 23               33       
8    ............          14                 24               34       
9    ............          16                 25               35       
10    ...........          17                 26               37       
11    ...........          18                 27               38       
12    ...........          20                 28               39       
13    ...........          21                 29               41       
14    ...........          22                 30               42       
15    ...........          23                                           
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[5 FR 35, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 15 FR 2399, Apr. 28, 1950. 
Redesignated at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955, and amended at 26 FR 10036, 
Oct. 26, 1961; 32 FR 12782, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.66  [Reserved]

                             Certified Seed



Sec. 201.67  Seed certifying agency standards and procedures.

    In order to qualify as a seed certifying agency for purposes of 
section 101(a)(25) of the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. 1551(a)(25)) an 
agency must enforce standards and procedures, as conditions for its 
certification of seed, that meet or exceed the standards and procedures 
specified in Sec. 201.68 through 201.78.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973; 60 FR 57146, Nov. 14, 1995]



Sec. 201.68  Eligibility requirements for certification of varieties.

    The certifying agency shall require the originator, developer, or 
owner of the variety, or agent thereof, to make the following available 
when eligibility for certification is requested:
    (a) The name of the variety.
    (b) A statement concerning the variety's origin and the breeding 
procedure used in its development.
    (c) A detailed description of the morphological, physiological, and 
other characteristics of the plants and seed that distinguish it from 
other varieties.
    (d) Evidence supporting the identity of the variety, such as 
comparative yield data, insect and disease resistance, or other factors 
supporting the identity of the variety.
    (e) A statement delineating the geographic area or areas of 
adaptation of the variety.
    (f) A statement on the plans and procedures for the maintenance of 
seed classes, including the number of generations through which the 
variety may be multiplied.
    (g) A description of the manner in which the variety is constituted 
when a particular cycle of reproduction or multiplication is specified.
    (h) Any additional restrictions on the variety, specified by the 
breeder, with respect to geographic area of seed production, age of 
stand or other factors affecting genetic purity.

[[Page 411]]

    (i) A sample of seed representative of the variety as marketed.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973. 60 FR 57146, Nov. 14, 1995]



Sec. 201.69   Classes of certified seed.

    (a) Classes of certified seed are as follows:
    (1) Breeder.
    (2) Foundation.
    (3) Registered.
    (4) Certified.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973]



Sec. 201.70   Limitations of generations for certified seed.

    The number of generations through which a variety may be multiplied 
shall be limited to that specified by the originating breeder or owner 
and shall not exceed two generations beyond the Foundation seed class 
with the following exceptions which may be made with the permission of 
the originating or sponsoring plant breeder, institution, or his 
designee:
    (a) Recertification of the Certified class may be permitted when no 
Foundation seed is being maintained.
    (b) The production of an additional generation of the Certified 
class may be permitted on a 1-year basis only, when an emergency is 
declared by any official seed certifying agency stating that the 
Foundation and Registered seed supplies are not adequate to plant the 
needed Certified acreage of the variety. The additional generation of 
Certified seed to meet the emergency need is ineligible for 
recertification.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973; 38 FR 26800, Sept. 26, 1973, as amended at 
46 FR 53639, Oct. 29, 1981]



Sec. 201.71   Establishing the source of all classes of certified seed.

    The certifying agency shall have evidence of the class and source of 
seed used to plant each crop being considered for certification.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973]



Sec. 201.72   Production of all classes of certified seed.

    (a) Each certifying agency shall determine that genetic purity and 
identity are maintained at all stages of certification including 
seeding, harvesting, processing, and labeling of the seed.
    (b) The unit of certification shall be a clearly defined field or 
fields.
    (c) One or more field inspections shall be made (1) previous to the 
time a seed crop of any class of certified seed is to be harvested, and 
(2) when genetic purity and identity can best be determined. The field 
shall be in suitable condition to permit an adequate inspection to 
determine genetic purity and identity.
    (d) A certification sample shall be drawn in a manner approved by 
the certifying agency from each cleaned lot of seed eligible for 
certification. Evidence that any lot of seed has not been protected from 
contamination which might affect genetic purity, or is not properly 
identified, shall be cause for possible rejection of certification.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973]



Sec. 201.73   Processors and processing of all classes of certified seed.

    The following requirements must be met by processors of all classes 
of certified seed:
    (a) Facilities shall be available to perform processing without 
introducing admixtures.
    (b) Identity of the seed must be maintained at all times.
    (c) Records of all operations relating to certification shall be 
complete and adequate to account for all incoming seed and final 
disposition of seed.
    (d) Processors shall permit inspection by the certifying agency of 
all records pertaining to all classes of certified seed.
    (e) Processors shall designate an individual who shall be 
responsible to the certifying agency for performing such duties as may 
be required by the certifying agency.
    (f) Seed lots of the same variety and class may be blended and the 
class retained. If lots of different classes are blended, the lowest 
class shall be applied to the resultant blend. Such blending can only be 
done when authorized by the certifying agency.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973]

[[Page 412]]



Sec. 201.74   Labeling of all classes of certified seed.

    (a) All classes of certified seed when offered for sale shall have 
an official certification label affixed to each container clearly 
identifying the certifying agency, the lot number or other 
identification, the variety name (if certified as to variety) and the 
kind and class of seed.
    (b) In the case of seed sold in bulk, the invoice or accompanying 
document shall identify the certifying agency, the crop kind, variety 
(if certified as to variety), class of seed, and the lot number or other 
identification.
    (c) The official certification label may be printed directly on the 
container when an accounting of the containers is required by the 
certifying agency.
    (d) Labels other than those printed on the containers shall be 
attached to containers in a manner that prevents removal and 
reattachment without tampering being obvious.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973, as amended at 46 FR 53639, Oct. 29, 1981]



Sec. 201.75   Interagency certification.

    Interagency certification may be accomplished by participation of 
more than one official certifying agency in performing the services 
required to certify a lot of seed.
    (a) The certifying agency issuing labels for all classes of 
certified seed shall require the seed on which the labels are used to 
meet standards at least equal to the minimum genetic standards for the 
seed in question as specified in Table 5 of this part.
    (b) Seed to be recognized for interagency certification must be 
received in containers carrying official certification labels, or if 
shipped for processing, evidence of its eligibility from another 
official certifying agency, together with the following information:
    (1) Variety (if certified as to variety) and kind;
    (2) Quantity of seed (pounds or bushels);
    (3) Class of certified seed;
    (4) Inspection or lot number traceable to the previous certifying 
agency's records.
    (c) Each label used in interagency certification shall be serially 
numbered or carry the certification identity number and clearly identify 
the certifying agencies involved, and the variety (if certified as to 
variety), kind and class of certified seed.

[38 FR 25662, Sept. 14, 1973; 38 FR 26800, Sept. 26, 1973]



Sec. 201.76  Minimum Land, Isolation, Field, and Seed Standards.

    In the following Table 5 the figures in the ``Land'' column indicate 
the number of years that must elapse between the destruction of a stand 
of a kind and establishment of a stand of a specified class of a variety 
of the same kind. A certification agency may grant a variance in the 
land cropping history in specific circumstances where cultural practices 
have been proven adequate to maintain genetic purity. The figures in 
``Isolation'' column indicate the distance in feet from any 
contamination source. The figures in the ``Field'' column indicate the 
minimum number of plants or heads in which one plant or head of another 
variety is permitted. The figure in the ``Seed'' column indicate the 
maximum percentage of seed of other varieties of off-types permitted in 
the cleaned seed.

[[Page 413]]



                                                                                             Table 5                                                                                            
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Foundation                                       Registered                                     Certified                  
                      Crop                       -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Land      Isolation        Field        Seed      Land    Isolation       Field        Seed      Land    Isolation       Field        Seed  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfalfa:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Non hybrid..................................     \1\4      44, 48 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1      \1\ 3  3, 44, 48 3                                                                        
                                                                                                                      00                                                                        
                                                                                                             (\59\ 91.44                                                                        
                                                                                                                      m)           400      0.25    1, 2 1   44, 49 165                         
                                                                                                                                                            (\59\ 50.29                         
                                                                                                                                                                     m)           100      1.0  
    Hybrid......................................      1 4        43 1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)      42 1,000      0.1    .......  ...........  ............  .........   1, 2 1  3, 43, 44 1                         
                                                                                                                                                                     65                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 50.29m)        42 100      1.0  
Barley:                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Non hybrid..................................    \7\ 1          \23\ 0         3,000      0.05     \7\ 1       \23\ 0         2,000      0.1      \7\ 1       \23\ 0         1,000      0.2  
    Hybrid......................................     30 1      21, 32 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         3,000      0.05    \30\ 1   21, 32 660                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 201.17m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         2,000      0.1       30 1   21, 32 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.59m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000   55 0.2  
    Hybrid (Chemically assisted)................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........     57 0   52, 53 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.59m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )      54 1,000      0.2  
Bean:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Field and garden............................      7 1            23 0         2,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         1,000      0.1        7 1         23 0           400      0.2  
    Mung........................................      7 1            23 0         1,000      0.1        7 1         23 0           500      0.2        7 1         23 0           200      0.5  
Broad bean......................................      7 1            23 0         2,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         1,000      0.1        7 1         23 0           500      0.2  
Buckwheat.......................................      7 1             660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         3,000      0.05       7 1          660                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 201.17m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         2,000      0.1        7 1          660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000      0.2  
Clover all kinds................................   1, 9 5   5, 18, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1     1, 9 3  5, 18, 44 3                                                                        
                                                                                                                      00                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           400      0.25    1, 9 2   18, 44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 50.29)           100      1.0  
Corn:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Back cross..................................        0      10, 11 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)  13, 46 1,000   15 0.1    .......  ...........  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........
    Inbred......................................        0       10, 11660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)  13, 46 1,000   15 0.1    .......  ...........  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........
    Foundation single cross.....................        0      10, 11 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)  13, 46 1,000   15 0.1    .......  ...........  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........
    Hybrid......................................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........        0   11, 12 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000      0.5  
    Open-pollinated.............................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........        0   11, 12 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           200      0.5  
    Sweet.......................................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........        0   11, 14 600                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )  ............      0.5  
Cotton..........................................        0            19 0        10,000      0.03         0         19 0         5,000      0.05         0         19 0         1,000      0.1  
Cowpea..........................................      7 1            23 0         2,000      0.1        7 1         23 0         1,000      0.2        7 1       \23\ 0           500      0.5  
Crambe..........................................      7 1             660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         2,000      0.05       7 1       24 660                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 201.17m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         1,000      0.1        7 1       24 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           500      0.25 
Crownvetch......................................      1 5       5, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1        1 3    5, 44 300                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           400      0.25       1 2    6, 44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 50.29)           100      1.0  
Flatpea.........................................      1 4       5, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1        1 3  3, 5, 44 30                                                                        
                                                                                                                       0                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           400      0.25    1, 2 1    3, 44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 50.29m)           100      1.0  
Flax............................................      7 1            23 0         5,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         2,000      0.1        7 1         23 0         1,000      0.2  

[[Page 414]]

                                                                                                                                                                                                
Grasses:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Cross-pollinated............................     57 5   4, 18, 20 900                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 274.32m)         1,000      0.1    8, 57 1  4, 18, 20 3                                                                        
                                                                                                                      00                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           100      1.0    8, 57 1   4, 18, 20,                         
                                                                                                                                                                 58 165                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 50.29)            50  47, 50 2.
                                                                                                                                                                                           0    
Strains at least 80 percent apomictic and highly                                                                                                                                                
 self-fertile species...........................     57 5    4, 18, 20 60         1,000      0.1    8, 57 1  4, 18, 20 3                                                                        
                                                                                                                       0           100      1.0    9, 57 1  4, 18, 20,                          
                                                                                                                                                                  58 15            50   16 2.0  
                                                              (59 18.29m)                                     (59 9.14m)                                     (59 4.57m)                         
Lespedeza.......................................      1 5            4 10                                                                                                                       
                                                               (59 3.05m)         1,000      0.1        1 3         4 10                                                                        
                                                                                                              (59 3.05m)           400      0.25       1 2         4 10                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 3.05m)           100      1.0  
Millet:                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Cross-pollinated............................      8 1        40 1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)     27 20,000      0.005      8 1     40 1,320                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 402.34m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )     27 10,000      0.01       8 1       40 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )      27 5,000      0.02 
    Self-pollinated.............................      8 1            23 0         3,000      0.05       8 1         23 0         2,000      0.1        8 1         23 0         1,000      0.2  
Mustard.........................................        4           1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)         2,000      0.05   .......  ...........  ............  .........        2       24 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           500      0.25 
Oat.............................................      7 1            23 0         3,000      0.2        7 1         23 0         2,000      0.3        7 1         23 0         1,000      0.5  
Okra............................................      7 1           1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)          27 0      0.0        7 1        1,320                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 402.34m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )      27 2,500      0.5        7 1          825                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 251.46m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )      27 1,250      1.0  
Onion...........................................      7 1           5,280                                                                                                                       
                                                           (59 1,609.36m)        22 200      0.0        7 1        2,640                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 804.66m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )        22 200   22 0.5        7 1        1,320                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 402.34m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )        22 200   22 1.0  
Pea, field......................................      7 1            23 0         2,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         1,000      0.1        7 1         23 0           500      0.2  
Peanut..........................................      7 1            23 0         1,000      0.1        7 1         23 0           500      0.2        7 1         23 0           200      0.5  
Pepper..........................................      7 1          25 200                                                                                                                       
                                                              (59 60.96m)             0      0.0        7 1       25 100                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 30.48m)           300      0.5        7 1        25 30                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 9.14m)           150      1.0  
Rape:                                                                                                                                                                                           
    Cross-pollinated............................        4        24 1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)         2,000      0.05   .......  ...........  ............  .........        2       24 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.59m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           500      0.25 
    Self-pollinated.............................        4          24 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         2,000      0.05   .......  ...........  ............  .........        2       24 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.59m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           500      0.25 
Rice............................................      7 1           39 10                                                                                                                       
                                                               (59 3.05m)        10,000      0.05       7 1        39 10                                                                        
                                                                                                              (59 3.05m)         5,000      0.1        7 1        39 10                         
                                                                                                                                                              (59 3.05)         1,000      0.2  
Rye.............................................      7 1          18 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         3,000      0.05       7 1       18 660                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 201.17m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         2,000      0.1        7 1       18 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000      0.2  
Safflower.......................................      7 2           1,320                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 402.34m)        10,000      0.01       7 2        1,320                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 402.34m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         2,000      0.05       7 2        1,320                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 402.34m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000      0.1  
Sainfoin........................................      1 5       5, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1        1 3    5, 44 300                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           400      0.25       1 2    6, 44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 50.29m)           100      1.0  
Sorghum:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Nonhybrid...................................      7 1             900                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 301.76m)     27 50,000      0.005      7 1          990                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 301.76m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )     27 35,000      0.01       7 1       29 660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )     27 20,000      0.05 
    Hybrid seedstock............................      7 1             990                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 301.76m)     27 50,000      0.005  .......  ...........  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........

[[Page 415]]

                                                                                                                                                                                                
    Commercial hybrid...........................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........      7 1  21, 29, 31                          
                                                                                                                                                                    660                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 201.17m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )     27 20,000      0.1  
Soybean.........................................     23 1            23 0         1,000      0.1       33 1         23 0           500      0.2       33 1         23 0           200      0.5  
Sunflower:                                                                                                                                                                                      
    Nonhybrid...................................        1    41, 45 2,640                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 804.66m)           200      0.02         1  41, 45 2,64                                                                        
                                                                                                                       0                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 804.66m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )           200      0.02         1  41, 45 2,64                         
                                                                                                                                                                      0                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 804.66m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )           200   34 0.1  
    Hybrid......................................        1    41, 45 2,640                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 804.66m)        35 250   56 0.02   .......  ...........  ............  .........        1  41, 45 2,64                         
                                                                                                                                                                      0                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 804.66m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )        35 250  34, 56 0.
                                                                                                                                                                                           1    
Tomato..........................................      7 1          25 200                                                                                                                       
                                                              (59 60.96m)             0      0          7 1       25 100                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 30.48m)           300      0.5        7 1        25 30                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 9.14m)           150      1.0  
Tobacco:                                                                                                                                                                                        
    Nonhybrid...................................     36 0          37 150                                                                                                                       
                                                              (59 45.72m)             0      0.01      36 0       37 150                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 45.72m)             0      0.01      36 0       37 150                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 45.72m)             0      0.01 
    Hybrid......................................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........     36 0       38 150                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 45.72m)             0      0.01 
Trefoil, birdsfoot..............................      1 5       5, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         1,000      0.1        1 3    5, 44 300                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)           400      0.25       1 2    6, 44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 50.29m)           100      1.0  
Triticale.......................................      7 1            23 0         3,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         2,000      0.1        7 1         23 0         1,000      0.2  
Vetch...........................................   1, 7 5       17, 44 10                                                                                                                       
                                                               (59 3.05m)         1,000      0.1     1, 7 3    17, 44 10                                                                        
                                                                                                              (59 3.05m)           400      0.25    1, 7 2    17, 44 10                         
                                                                                                                                                             (59 3.05m)           100      1.0  
Vetch, milk.....................................      1 5       5, 44 600                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 182.88m)         2,000      0.05       1 3    5, 44 300                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 91.44m)         1,000      0.1        1 2       44 165                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 50.29m)           200      0.5  
Watermelon......................................      7 1        26 2,640                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 804.66m)          28 0      0          7 1     26 2,640                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 402.34m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )          28 0      0.5        7 1     26 1,320        28 500      1.0  
Wheat:                                                                                                                                                                                          
    Nonhybrid...................................      7 1            23 0         3,000      0.05       7 1         23 0         2,000      0.1        7 1         23 0         1,000      0.2  
    Hybrid......................................     30 1      21, 32 660                                                                                                                       
                                                             (59 201.17m)         3,000      0.05      30 1   21, 32 660                                                                        
                                                                                                             (59 201.17m                                                                        
                                                                                                                       )         2,000      0.1       30 1   21, 32 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.59m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )         1,000      0.2  
    Hybrid (Chemically assisted)................  .......  ..............  ............  .........  .......  ...........  ............  .........     51 0   52, 53 330                         
                                                                                                                                                            (59 100.58m                         
                                                                                                                                                                      )      54 1,000   55 0.2  
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The land must be free of volunteer plants of the crop kind during the year immediately prior to establishment and no manure or other contaminating material shall be applied the year       
  previous to seeding or during the establishment and productive life of the stand.                                                                                                             
\2\ At least 2 years must elapse between destruction of indistinguishable varieties or varieties of dissimilar adaptation and establishment of the stand for the production of the Certified    
  class of seed.                                                                                                                                                                                
\3\ Isolation distance for certified seed production shall be at least 500 feet (152.07m) from varieties of dissimilar adaptation.                                                              
\4\ Isolation between classes of the same variety may be reduced to 25 percent of the distance otherwise required.                                                                              
\5\ This distance applies when fields are 5 acres (2ha) or larger in area. For smaller fields, the distances are 900 feet (274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m) for the Foundation and Registered    
  classes, respectively.                                                                                                                                                                        
\6\ Fields of less than 5 acres (2ha) require 330 feet (100.59m).                                                                                                                               
\7\ Requirement is waived if the previous crop was grown from certified seed of the same variety.                                                                                               
\8\ Requirement is waived if the previous crop was of the same variety and of a certified class equal or superior to that of the crop seeded.                                                   
\9\ Reseeding varieties of crimson clover may be allowed to volunteer back year after year on the same ground. If a new variety is being planted where another variety once grew, the field     
  history requirements apply.                                                                                                                                                                   
\10\ No isolation is required for the production of hand-pollinated seed.                                                                                                                       
\11\ When the contaminant is the same color and texture, the isolation distance may be modified by (1) adequate natural barriers or (2) differential maturity dates, provided there are no      
  receptive silks in the seed parent at the time the contaminant is shedding pollen. In addition, dent sterile popcorn requires no isolation from dent corn.                                    
\12\ Where the contaminating source is corn of the same color and texture as that of the field inspected or white endosperm-corn optically sorted, the isolation distance is 410 feet (124.97m) 
  and may be modified by the planting of pollen parent border rows according to the following table:                                                                                            


[[Page 416]]


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                              Minimum Numbers of Border Rows Required                   
                    Minimum distance from contaminant                    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             Field size, up to 20 acres (8ha)       Field size, 20 acres (8ha) or more  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      410 (124.97m).....................................................  0.....................................  0                                     
      370 (112.78m).....................................................  2 (0.8ha).............................  1 (0.4ha)                             
      330 (100.59m).....................................................  4 (1.6ha).............................  2 (0.8ha)                             
      290 (88.39m)......................................................  6 (2.4ha).............................  3 (1.2ha)                             
      245 (74.68m)......................................................  8 (3.2ha).............................  4 (1.6ha)                             
      205 (62.48m)......................................................  10 (4.0ha)............................  5 (2.0ha)                             
      165 (50.29m)......................................................  12 (4.8ha)............................  6 (2.4ha)                             
      125 (38.10m)......................................................  14 (5.6ha)............................  7 (2.8ha)                             
      85 (25.91m).......................................................  16 (6.4ha)............................  8 (3.2ha)                             
      0.................................................................  Not permitted.........................  10 (4.0ha)                            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Refers to off-type plants in the pollen parent that have shed pollen or to the off-type plants in the see parent at the time of the last           
  inspection.                                                                                                                                           
\14\ The required minimum isolation distance for sweet corn is 660 feet (201.17m) from the contaminating source, plus four border rows when the field to
  be inspected is 10 acres (4.0ha) or less in size. This distance may be decreased by 15 feet (4.57m) for each increment of 4 acres (1.6ha) in the size 
  of the field to a maximum of 40 acres (16ha) and further decreased 40 feet (12.19m) for each additional border row to a maximum of 16 rows. These     
  border rows are for pollen-shedding purposes only.                                                                                                    
\15\ Refers to off-type ears. Ears with off-colored or different textured kernels are limited to 0.5 percent, or a total of 25 off-colored or different 
  textured kernels per 1,000 ears.                                                                                                                      
\16\ The Merion variety of Kentucky bluegrass is allowed 3 percent.                                                                                     
\17\ All cross-pollinating varieties must be 400 feet (121.92m) from any contaminating source.                                                          
\18\ Isolation between diploids and tetraploids shall be at least 15 feet (4.57m).                                                                      
\19\ Minimum isolation shall be at least 100 feet (30.48m) if the cotton plants in the contaminating source differ by easily observable morphological   
  characteristics from the field to be inspected. Isolation distance between upland and Egyptian types shall be at least 1,320 feet (402.34m), 1,320    
  feet (402.34m), and 660 feet (182.88m) for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes, respectively.                                               
\20\ These distances apply when there is no border removal. Border removal applies only to fields of 5 acres (2ha) or more. Removal of a 9-foot (2.7m)  
  border (after flowering) decreases the required distance for Foundation, Registered, and Certified seed classes to 600 feet (182.88m), 225 feet       
  (68.58m), and 100 feet (30.48m), respectively, for cross-pollinated species, and to 30 feet (9.14m), 15 feet (4.57m), and 15 feet (4.57m),            
  respectively, for apomictic and self-pollinated species. Removal of a 15 foot (4.57m) border (after flowering) allows a further decrease to 450 feet  
  (136.16m), 150 feet (45.72m), and 75 feet (22.86m), respectively, for cross-pollinated species.                                                       
\21\ Isolation distances between 2 fields of the same kind may be reduced to a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture, if the sum of           
  percentages of plants in bloom in both fields does not exceed 5 percent at a time when more than 1 percent of the plants in either field are in bloom.
                                                                                                                                                        
\22\ Refers to bulbs.                                                                                                                                   
\23\ Distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture is necessary.                                                                                      
\24\ Required isolation between classes of the same variety is 10 feet (3.05m).                                                                         
\25\ The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if different classes of the same variety are involved.                                           
\26\ The minimum distance may be reduced by 50 percent if the field is adequately protected by natural or artificial barriers.                          
\27\ These ratios are for definite other varieties. The ratios for doubtful other varieties are:                                                        


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            Foundation   Registered   Certified 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Millet.............................................................     1:10,000      1:5,000      1:2,500
      Sorghum:                                                                                                  
          Nonhybrid......................................................     1:20,000     1:10,000      1:1,000
          Hybrid.........................................................     1:20,000           NA      1:1,000
      Okra...............................................................         None        1:750        1:500
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\28\ Whiteheart fruits may not exceed 1 per 100, 40, and 20 for Foundation, Registered, and Certified classes,  
  respectively. Citron or hard rind is not permitted in Foundation or Registered classes and may not exceed 1   
  per 1,000 fruits in the Certified class.                                                                      
\29\ This distance applies if the contaminating source does not genetically differ in height from the pollinator
  parent or has a different chromosome number. If the contaminating source does (genetically) differ and has the
  same chromosome number the distance shall be 990 feet (301.76m). The minimum isolation from grass sorghum or  
  broomcorn with the same chromosome number shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m).                                      
\30\ Requirement is waived for the production of pollinator lines if the previous crop was grown from a         
  certified class of seed of the same variety. Sterile lines and crossing blocks must be on land free of        
  contaminating plants.                                                                                         

[[Page 417]]

                                                                                                                
\31\ If the contaminating source is similar to the hybrid in all important characteristics, the isolation may be
  reduced by 66 feet (20.12m) for each pair of border rows of the pollinator parent down to a minimum of 330    
  feet (100.59m). These rows must be located directly opposite or diagonally to the contaminating source. The   
  pollinator border rows must be shedding pollen during the entire time 5 percent or more of the seed parent    
  flowers are receptive.                                                                                        
\32\ An unplanted strip at least 2 feet (0.61m) in width shall separate male sterile plants and pollinator      
  plants in inter-planted blocks.                                                                               
\33\ Unless the preceding crop was another kind or unless the preceding soybean crop was planted with a class of
  certified seed of the same variety, or unless the preceding soybean crop and the variety being planted have an
  identifiable character difference, in which case, no time need elapse.                                        
\34\ May include not more than 0.04 percent purple or white seeds.                                              
\35\ Standards apply equally to seed parents and pollen parents which may include up to 1:1,000 plants each of  
  the wild-type branching, purple, or white-seeded plants.                                                      
\36\ A new plant bed must be used each year unless the bed is properly treated with a soil sterilant prior to   
  seeding.                                                                                                      
\37\ This distance is applied between varieties of the same type and may be waived if four border rows of each  
  variety are allowed to bloom and set seed between the two varieties but are not harvested for seed. Isolation 
  between varieties of different types shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except if protected by bagging or by       
  topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                                                  
\38\ When male sterile and male fertile plants of the same type are planted adjacent in a field, this           
  requirement may be waived; provided, four border rows of male sterile plants are allowed to bloom and set     
  seeds. The seed from these border rows shall not be harvested as part of the certified lot of seed produced by
  the male sterile plants. When plants are of different types, the distance shall be 1,320 feet (402.34m) except
  if protected by bagging or by topping all plants in the contaminating source before bloom.                    
\39\ Isolation between varieties or non-certified fields of the same variety shall be 100 feet (30.48m) if      
  aerial seeded and 50 feet (15.24m) if ground broadcast, and 10 feet (3.05m) is ground drilled.                
\40\ Isolation between millets of different genera shall be 6 feet (1.83m).                                     
\41\ Does not apply to Helianthus similes, H. ludens, or H. agrestis.                                           
\42\ The ratio of male sterile (A) strains and pollen (B or C) strains shall not exceed 2:1.                    
\43\ Parent lines (A and B) in a crossing block, or seed and pollen lines in a hybrid seed production field,    
  shall be separated by at least 6 feet (1.83m) and shall be managed and harvested in a manner to prevent       
  mixing.                                                                                                       
\44\ Distance between fields of certified classes of the same variety may be reduced to 10 feet (3.05m)         
  regardless of the class or size of the fields.                                                                
\45\ An isolation distance of 5,280 feet (1609.36m) is required between oil and non-oil sunflower types and     
  between either type and other volunteers or wild types.                                                       
\46\ Detasseling, cutting, or pulling of the cytoplasmic male-sterile seed parent is permitted.                 
\47\ All varieties of perennial ryegrass seed are allowed 3.0 percent.                                          
\48\ This distance applies for fields over 5 acres (2ha). For alfalfa fields of 5 acres (2ha) or less that      
  produce the Foundation and Registered seed classes, the minimum distance from a different variety or a field  
  of the same variety that does not meet the varietal purity requirements for certification shall be 900 feet   
  (274.32m) and 450 feet (137.16m), respectively.                                                               
\49\ There must be at least 10 feet (3.05m) or a distance adequate to prevent mechanical mixture between a field
  of another variety (or non-certified area within the same field) and the area being certified. The 165 feet   
  (50.29m) isolation requirement is waived if the area of the ``isolation zone'' is less than 10 percent of the 
  field eligible for the Certified class. The ``isolation zone'' is that area calculated by multiplying the     
  length of the common border(s) with other varieties of alfalfa by the average width of the field (being       
  certified) falling within the 165 feet (50.29m) isolation. Areas within the isolation zone nearest the        
  contamination source shall not be certified.                                                                  
\50\ Seed of Critana thickspike wheatgrass may contain up to 30 percent slender wheatgrass types.               
\51\ Crossing blocks must be planted on land free of volunteer contaminating plants.                            
\52\ This distance applies to the seed parent when the contaminating source is wheat of another market class. If
  the contaminating source is the same market class as the seed parent, the distance may be modified by the     
  planting of pollen parent border according to the following table:                                            


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                           Minimum distance from contaminant                             Pollen (parent border) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Feet                                       Meters        Feet        Meters  
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      330................................................................       100.59            0            0
      275................................................................        83.82           15         4.57
      215................................................................        65.53           25         7.62
      160................................................................        48.77           35        10.67
      100................................................................        30.48           50       15.24 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ Interplanted blocks of seed parent and pollinator shall be separated by an unplanted strip a minimum of one
  foot (0.31m) in width and be clearly identifiable.                                                            
\54\ If Foundation or Registered the ratio shall be 1:3000 (Foundation) and 1:2000 (Registered).                
\55\ Does not include seed of the female parent.                                                                
\56\ Pre-Control Test Standards: If field inspection shows one or more of the following, the applicant may      
  request that seed certification be based on the results of a pre-certification grow-out test approved by the  
  certification agency: a. inadequate isolation; b. too few male parent plants shedding pollen when female      
  plants are receptive; c. excess off-types not to include wild types. In such cases, at least 2,000 plants must
  be observed and meet the following standards before seed can be certified from fields with problems listed    
  above:                                                                                                        


[[Page 418]]


[For non-oil types, seed which contains not more than 15 percent sterile plants may be certified. If it contains
    85 percent-95 percent hybrid plants, the percentage of hybrid shall be shown on the certification label]    
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                     Maximum Permitted          
                                 Factor                                  ---------------------------------------
                                                                           Hybrid (percent)    Inbred (percent) 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Sterile Plants....................................................                 5.0  ..................
      Sterile or Fertile Plants.........................................  ..................                 5.0
      Morphological Variants............................................                 0.5                 0.5
      Wild Types........................................................                 0.2                 0.2
                                                                         ---------------------------------------
            Total (including above types)...............................                 5.0                5.0 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\57\ Application to establish the pedigree must be made within one year of seeding. The crop will remain under  
  supervision of the certifying agency as long as the field is eligible for certification.                      
\58\ These distances apply when there is no border removal. Varieties that are 95 percent or more apomictic, as 
  defined by the originating breeder, shall have the isolation distance reduced to a mechanical separation only.
  Varieties less than 95 percent apomictic and all other cross pollinating species that have an ``isolation     
  zone'' of less than 10 percent of the entire field, no isolation is required. (Isolation zone is calculated by
  multiplying the length of the common border with other varieties of grass by the average width of the         
  certified field falling within the isolation distance required.)                                              
\59\ Indicates metric equivalent in meters.                                                                     



[[Page 419]]

[59 FR 64516, Dec. 14, 1994]

  Additional Requirements for the Certification of Plant Materials of 
                              Certain Crops



Sec. 201.77   Length of stand requirements.

    (a) Alfalfa. Limitations on the age of stand and certified seed 
classes through which a given variety may be multiplied both inside and 
outside its region of adaptation shall be specified by the originator or 
his designee. Certified seed production outside the region of adaptation 
shall not exceed 6 years if not otherwise specified by the originator, 
or his designee.
    (b) Red clover. Only two seed crops are permitted of all certified 
seed classes.
    (c) White and alsike clover. Only two successive seed crops are 
permitted following the year of establishment for Foundation and 
Registered classes, but 2 additional years are permitted if the field is 
reclassified to the next lower class. Four successive seed crops 
following seeding are permitted if the first and succeeding crops are of 
the Certified class, provided the stand of perennial plants is 
maintained.
    (d) Sainfoin. All certified seed classes are eligible to produce 
five successive seed crops following seeding.

[38 FR 25664, Sept. 14, 1973]



Sec. 201.78   Pollen control for hybrids.

    (a) Wheat and barley. Shedders in the seed parent, at any one 
inspection, are limited to 1:200 heads for Foundation A Line and 1:100 
heads for Registered A Line, except that when the A Line is increased 
outside the area of the anticipated A x R production in order to utilize 
self-fertility produced by environmental effects, only isolation and 
genetic purity standards will be in effect. (An A Line is a cytoplasmic 
male sterile female line used to produce hybrid seed. An R Line is a 
pollinator line used to pollinate an A Line and to restore fertility in 
the resulting hybrid seed.)
    (b) Corn. When 5 percent or more of the seed parent plants have 
receptive silks, shedding tassels in the seed parent plants shall be 
limited to 1 percent at any one inspection, or a total of 2 percent at 
any three inspections on different dates. Shedding tassels are those 
which have 2 inches or more of the central stem or branches, or any 
combination thereof, shedding pollen.
    (c) Sorghum. Shedders in the seed parent, at any one inspection, are 
limited to 1:3,000 plants for Foundation class and 1:1,500 plants for 
Certified class.
    (d) Sunflowers. Seed parents flowering and shedding pollen before 
the male parents are shedding pollen must be removed. At least 50 
percent of the male plants must be producing pollen when the seed parent 
is in full bloom.
    (e) Hybrid alfalfa. When at least 75 percent of the plants are in 
bloom and there is no more than 15 percent seed set, 200 plants shall be 
examined to determine the pollen production index (PPI). Each plant is 
rated as 1, 2, 3 or 4 with ``1'' representing no pollen, ``2'' 
representing a trace of pollen, ``3'' representing substantially less 
than normal pollen, and ``4'' representing normal pollen. The rating is 
weighted as 0, 0.1, 0.6 or 1.0, respectively. The total number of plants 
of each rating is multiplied by the weighted rating and the values are 
totaled. The total is divided by the number of plants rated and 
multiplied by 100 to determine the PPI. The maximum PPI allowed is 14 
for the Foundation class, and 6 for 95 percent hybrid seed, and 42 for 
75 percent hybrid seed of the Certified class.

[38 FR 25664, Sept. 14, 1973, as amended at 41 FR 20158, May 17, 1976]

                              imported seed



Sec. 201.101   Exemptions.

    For the purpose of section 302(c)(2) the act, seeds of the following 
kinds are found to be imported in a substantial proportion for other 
than seeding purposes and are exempted from the import provisions (Title 
III) of the act when imported for other than seeding purposes: Provided, 
That they are accompanied by declarations when and as required under 
Sec. 201.222:

    Barley.
    Bean, Adzuki.
    Bean, field.
    Bean, horse or broad.
    Bean, lima.
    Bean, Mung.
    Buckwheat, common.
    Canary grass.
    Castorbean.

[[Page 420]]

    Celery.
    Chickpea.
    Corn, field.
    Cowpea.
    Crambe.
    Flax.
    Guar.
    Hemp.
    Lentil.
    Lettuce.
    Lupine.
    Millet, foxtail, German, Hungarian, or golden.
    Millet, proso.
    Mustard.
    Mustard, black.
    Mustard, white.
    Oat.
    Parsley.
    Pea.
    Pea, field.
    Peanut.
    Pepper.
    Pumpkin.
    Rape, annual.
    Rape, bird.
    Rape, turnip.
    Rape, winter.
    Rice.
    Rye.
    Safflower.
    Sesame.
    Sorghum.
    Soybean.
    Sunflower.
    Triticale.
    Velvetbean.
    Vetch.
    Watermelon.
    Wheat.

[5 FR 35, Jan. 4, 1940]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.101, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.



Sec. 201.102   Pure live seed.

    (a) For the purposes of section 304(c) of the Act, the following 
percentages for the kinds stated will be construed to meet the import 
requirements of the act as to pure live seed:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Percent
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfileria.....................................................        50
Artichoke.....................................................        65
Bahia grass...................................................        50
Bluegrass, Poa spp............................................        65
Bluestem, big.................................................        25
Bluestem, little..............................................        25
Bluestem, sand................................................        25
Bluestem, yellow..............................................        25
Beets.........................................................        70
Buffalo grass (burs)..........................................        35
Buffelgrass...................................................        50
Burdock, great................................................        60
Cardoon.......................................................        65
Carrots.......................................................        55
Celeriac......................................................        60
Celery........................................................        60
Chicory.......................................................        70
Chives........................................................        50
Cress, water..................................................        50
Dallis grass..................................................        35
Dandelion.....................................................        65
Dropseed, sand................................................        65
Eggplant......................................................        65
Grama, blue...................................................        35
Grama, side oats..............................................        10
Guinea grass..................................................        10
Indian grass, yellow..........................................        50
Japanese lawn grass...........................................        35
Johnsongrass..................................................        65
Leek..........................................................        65
Lovegrass, sand...............................................        50
Manila grass..................................................        35
Molasses grass................................................        25
Okra..........................................................        60
Panic grass, blue.............................................        50
Panic grass, green............................................        10
Parsley.......................................................        65
Parsnip.......................................................        65
Pepper........................................................        65
Rhodes grass..................................................        35
Rhubarb.......................................................        65
Sorghum almum.................................................        65
Sorrel........................................................        65
Spinach, New Zealand..........................................        50
Switch grass..................................................        35
Tomato, husk..................................................        60
Vasey grass...................................................        35
Veldtgrass....................................................        25
Wheatgrass, western...........................................        65
Wild rye, Canada..............................................        50
Wild-rye, Russian.............................................        60
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) As provided in section 302(a) of the Act, a certain number of 
samples of seed representing seed lots offered for importation will not 
be tested to determine whether the purelive seed requirement is being 
met, in which case, the importer shall be so advised by the Seed Branch, 
Grain Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture.

[15 FR 2400, Apr. 28, 1950, as amended at 20 FR 7940, Oct. 21, 1955; 25 
FR 8774, Sept. 13, 1960; 26 FR 10036, Oct. 26, 1961; 30 FR 7892, June 
18, 1965; 32 FR 12782, Sept. 6, 1967]



Sec. 201.103   Unadapted alfalfa and red clover.

    Alfalfa seed and red clover seed of foreign origin other than the 
Dominion of Canada have been determined to be unadapted for general 
agricultural use in the United States.

[6 FR 3960, Aug. 8, 1941]

[[Page 421]]



Sec. 201.104   Weed seeds.

    (a) When occurring in importations subject to the Act, seeds or 
bulbets of all plants belonging to the following plant families, except 
those listed as agricultural or vegetable seeds, or recognized as seeds 
of ornamentals, are detrimental to the agricultural interests of the 
United States, or a part thereof, and therefore are considered weed 
seeds.

                             plant families

    Aizoaceae--Carpetweed.
    Amaranthaceae--Amaranth or pigweed.
    Anacardiaceae--Sumac.
    Apocynaceae--Dogbane.
    Asclepiadaceae--Milkweed.
    Boraginaceae--Borage.
    Campanulaceae--Bluebell.
    Capparidaceae--Caper.
    Caryophyllaceae--Pink.
    Chenopodiaceae--Goosefoot.
    Commelinaceae--Spiderwort.
    Compositae--Composite or daisy.
    Convolvulaceae--Morning-glory.
    Crassulaceae--Orpine.
    Cruciferae--Mustard.
    Cucurbitaceae--Cucurbit.
    Cyperaceae--Sedge.
    Dipsacaceae--Teasel.
    Euphorbiaceae--Spurge.
    Geraniaceae--Geranium.
    Gramineae--Grass.
    Hydrophyllaceae--Waterleaf.
    Hypericaceae--St. Johnswort.
    Illecebraceae--Knotweed.
    Iridaceae--Iris.
    Juncaceae--Rush.
    Labiatae--Mint.
    Leguminosae--Legume.
    Liliaceae--Lily.
    Lobeliaceae--Lobelia.
    Lythraceae--Loosestrife.
    Malvaceae--Mallow.
    Nyctaginaceae--Four-o'clock.
    Onagraceae--Evening-primrose.
    Oxalidaceae--Wood sorrel.
    Papaveraceae--Poppy.
    Phytolaccaceae--Pokeweed.
    Piperaceae--Pepper.
    Plantaginaceae--Plantain.
    Polemoniaceae--Phlox.
    Polygonaceae--Buckwheat or smartweed.
    Portulacaceae--Purslane.
    Primulaceae--Primrose.
    Ranunculaceae--Buttercup.
    Resedaceae--Mignonette.
    Rosaceae--Rose.
    Rubiaceae--Madder.
    Scrophulariaceae--Figwort.
    Solanaceae--Nightshade.
    Umbelliferae--Parsley.
    Urticaceae--Nettle.
    Valerianceae--Cornsalad.
    Verbenaceae--Verbena.
    Zygophyllaceae--Caltrop.

    (b) When occurring in an importation of other agricultural or 
vegetable seeds, the following agricultural and vegetable seeds are 
detrimental to the agricultural interests of the United States, or a 
part thereof, and therefore are considered weed seeds, unless they are 
declared in the entry papers for importation as agricultural or 
vegetable seeds:

    Alfileria--Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her.
    Beggarweed--Desmodium tortuosum (Sev.) D.C.
    Bermudagrass, giant--Cynodon dactylon var. aridus. Harlan et de Wit.
    Brome, field--Bromus arvensis L.
    Burdock, great--Arctium lappa.
    Burnet, little--Sanguisorba minor Scop.
    Chess, soft--Bromus mollis L.
    Chicory--Chicorium intybus L.
    Cress, upland--Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers.
    Crownvetch--Coronilla varia L.
    Dandelion--Taraxacum officinale Weber.
    Dichondra--Dichondra repens Forst.
    Grass, Bermuda--Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
    Grass, velvet--Holcus lanatus L.
    Mustard, India--Brassica juncea (L.) Goss.
    Mustard, black--Brassica nigra Koch.
    Rape, annual--Brassica napus var. annus Koch.
    Rape, bird--Brassica campestris L.
    Rape, turnip--Brassica campestris vars. L.
    Sesbania--Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Torr.
    Sorghum almum--Sorghum almum Parodi.
    Sorrel--Rumex acetosa L.
    Sweet vernalgrass--Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

[5 FR 35, Jan. 4, 1940]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.104 see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.



Sec. 201.105  Noxious weed seeds.

    (a) Seeds of the following plants shall be considered noxious weed 
seeds:

\1\ Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. (=Centaurea repens L.) (=Centaurea 
          picris)
Aeginetia spp.
Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) King & Robinson
Alectra spp.
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Brown ex de Candolle
Asphodelus fistulosus L.
Avena sterilis L. (including Avena ludoviciana Durieu)

[[Page 422]]

Azolla pinnata R. Brown
Borreria alata (Aublet) de Candolle
\1\ Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.
\1\ Cardaria pubescens (C. A. Mey.) Jarmol.
Carthamus oxycantha M. Bieberstein
Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retzius) Trinius
\1\ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Commelina benghalensis L.
\1\ Convolvulus arvensis L.
Crupina vulgaris Cassini
Cuscuta spp.
Digitaria abyssinica (=D. scalarum)
Digitaria velutina (Forsskal) Palisot de Beauvois
Drymaria arenarioides Humboldt & Bonpland ex Roemer & Schultes
Eichhornia azurea (Swartz) Kunth
\1\ Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. (=Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.)
Emex australis Steinheil
Emex spinosa (L.) Campdera
\1\ Euphorbia esula L.
Galega officinalis L.
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier
Hydrilla verticillata (Linnaeus f.) Royle
Hygrophila polysperma T. Anderson
Imperata brasiliensis Trinius
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel
Ipomoea aquatica Forsskal
Ipomoea triloba L.
Ischaemum rugosum Salisbury
Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss
Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees
Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume
Lycium ferocissimum Miers
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake
Melastoma malabathricum L.
Mikania cordata (Burman f.) B. L. Robinson
Mikania micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth
Mimosa invisa Martius
Mimosa pigra L. var. pigra
Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms-Laubach
Monochoria vaginalis (Burman f.) C. Presl
Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hackel ex Arechavaleta
Opuntia aurantiaca Lindley
Orobanche spp.
Oryza longistaminata A. Chevalier & Roehrich
Oryza punctata Kotschy ex Steudel
Oryza rufipogon Griffith
Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.
Paspalum scrobiculatum L.
Pennisetum clandestinum Hochstetter ex Chiovenda
Pennisetum macrourum Trinius
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trinius
Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schultes
Prosopis alapataco R. A. Philippi
Prosopis argentina Burkart
Prosopis articulata S. Watson
Prosopis burkartii Munoz
Prosopis caldenia Burkart
Prosopis calingastana Burkart
Prosopis campestris Grisebach
Prosopis castellanosii Burkart
Prosopis denudans Bentham
Prosopis elata (Burkart) Burkart
Prosopis farcta (Solander ex Russell) Macbride
Prosopis ferox Grisebach
Prosopis fiebrigii Harms
Prosopis hassleri Harms
Prosopis humilis Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott
Prosopis kuntzei Harms
Prosopis pallida (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Humboldt, Bonpland & 
          Kunth
Prosopis palmeri S. Watson
Prosopis reptans Bentham var. reptans
Prosopis rojasiana Burkart
Prosopis ruizlealii Burkart
Prosopis ruscifolia Grisebach
Prosopis sericantha Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott
Prosopis strombulifera (Lamarck) Bentham
Prosopis torquata (Cavanilles ex Lagasca y Segura) de Candolle
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayon (=R. exaltata (L.) L. f.)
Rubus fruticosus L. (complex)
Rubus moluccanus L.
Saccharum spontaneum L.
Sagittaria sagittifolia L.
Salsola vermiculata L.
Salvinia auriculata Aublet
Salvinia biloba Raddi
Salvinia herzogii de la Sota
Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell
Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumacher) Stapf & Hubbard
Solanum torvum Swartz
Solanum viarum Dunal
\1\ Sonchus arvensis L.
\1\ Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.
Sparganium erectum L.
Striga spp.
Tridax procumbens L.
Urochloa panicoides Beauvois

    \1\ Seeds with tolerances applicable to their introduction.

    (b) The tolerance applicable to the prohibition of the noxious weed 
seeds in paragraph (a) of this section marked with (\1\) shall be two 
seeds in the minimum amount required to be examined as shown in Table 1, 
Sec. 201.46. If fewer than two seeds are found in an initial 
examination, the shipment from which the sample was drawn may be 
imported. If two seeds are found in an initial examination, a second 
sample must be examined. If two or fewer seeds are found in the second 
examination, the shipment from which the samples were drawn may be 
imported. If three or more seeds are found in the second examination, 
the shipment from which the samples were drawn may not be imported. If 
three or more seeds are found in an initial examination, the

[[Page 423]]

shipment from which the sample was drawn may not be imported.

[60 FR 35830, July 12, 1995]



Sec. 201.106   Mixtures not considered adulterations.

    For the purposes of section 303 of the act the importation of 
mixtures in any combination of seed of suckling clover (Trifolium 
dubium), white clover (Trifolium repens), or cluster clover (Trifolium 
glomeratum) shall not be construed to be adulterated.

[6 FR 3960, Aug. 8, 1941. Redesignated at 60 FR 16979, Apr. 4, 1995]

  Joint Rules and Regulations of the Secretary of the Treasury and the 
                        Secretary of Agriculture

                               definitions



Sec. 201.201   Agricultural seeds.

    The term agricultural seeds means those seeds so defined in 
Sec. 201.2.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.202   Vegetable seeds.

    The term vegetable seeds means those seeds so defined in Sec. 201.2.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.203   Screenings.

    The term screenings means chaff, sterile florets, immature seed, 
weed seed, inert matter, and any other materials removed in any way from 
any seeds in any kind of cleaning or processing and which contains less 
than 25 percent of live agricultural or vegetable seeds.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.204   Agricultural Marketing Service.

    The term Agricultural Marketing Service means the Agricultural 
Marketing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 13489, Nov. 1, 1945]



Sec. 201.205   Collector of customs.

    The term collector of customs includes any person authorized under 
the customs laws and regulations to perform the duties of a collector of 
customs.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.206   Pure live seed.

    The term pure live seed means the product of the percentage of 
germination plus the hard seed and the percentage of pure seed, divided 
by 100.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.207   Other definitions.

    The definitions for the purposes of Title III of the Federal Seed 
Act shall include all other definitions in Secs. 201.1 through 201.159.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]

                                sampling



Sec. 201.208   Seed.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section the 
collector of customs shall draw and forward samples of all seed imported 
or offered for importation into the United States except the following 
kinds which he shall sample only when imported for seeding purposes and 
when declared for seeding purposes:

Barley.
Bean, adzuki.
Bean, field.
Bean, lima.
Bean, mung.
Broadbean.
Buckwheat common.
Canary grass.
Castorbean.
Celery.
Chickpea.
Corn, field.
Cowpea.
Crambe.
Flax.
Guar.
Hemp.
Lentil.
Lettuce.
Lupine.
Millet, foxtail.
Millet, proso.
Mustard, black.
Mustard, India.
Mustard, white.
Oat.
Parsley.
Pea.
Pea, field.
Peanut.
Pepper.

[[Page 424]]

Pumpkin.
Rape, annual.
Rape, bird.
Rape, turnip.
Rape, winter.
Rice.
Rye.
Safflower.
Sesame.
Sorghum.
Soybean.
Sunflower.
Triticale.
Velvetbean.
Vetch.
Watermelon.
Wheat.

    (b) It is not ordinarily practical to sample and test small lots in 
importations of seed. The size of lots not ordinarily sampled is shown 
in table 3 in Sec. 201.221a. No release by the United States Department 
of Agriculture will be necessary for seed not sampled.

[14 FR 6459, Oct. 22, 1949, as amended at 20 FR 7856, Oct. 19, 1955; 24 
FR 2269, Mar. 24, 1959; 28 FR 6871, July 4, 1963; 32 FR 12155, Aug. 24, 
1967; 35 FR 7411, May 13, 1970; 35 FR 19498, Dec. 23, 1970]



Sec. 201.209   Screenings.

    The collector of customs shall upon request received prior to 
importation from the Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service 
draw and forward samples of all screenings imported or offered for 
importation into the United States.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.210   Method of sampling.

    (a) In order to secure a representative sample, equal portions shall 
be taken from evenly distributed parts of the quantity of seed or 
screenings to be sampled. Access shall be had to all parts of that 
quantity. When more than one trierful of seed is drawn from a bag, 
different paths shall be followed. When more than one handful is taken 
from a bag, the handfuls shall be taken from well-separated points.
    (b) For free-flowing seed in bags or bulk, a probe or trier shall be 
used. For small free-flowing seed in bags a probe or trier long enough 
to sample all portions of the bag should be used.
    (c) Non-free-flowing seed, such as grass seed, uncleaned seed or 
screenings, difficult to sample with a probe or trier, shall be sampled 
by thrusting the hand into the bulk and withdrawing representative 
portions. The hand shall be inserted in an open position and the fingers 
shall be held closely together while the hand is being inserted and the 
portion withdrawn.
    (d) The portions shall be combined into a composite sample except 
that if the quantity represented to be a lot does not appear to be of 
uniform quality as required in paragraph (e) of this section the 
separate portions shall be forwarded together but without being combined 
into a composite sample.
    (e) A quantity of seed designated as one lot shall be regarded as 
such for sampling only if every portion or bag of seed in the quantity 
is uniform within permitted tolerances as to percentage of pure seed, 
percentage of germination and hard seed, percentage of weed seed, and 
rate of occurrence of noxious weed seeds.
    (f) When an importation consists of more than one lot, each lot 
shall be sampled separately.
    (g) Sampling shall not proceed unless (1) each container is 
stencilled or otherwise labeled to show the lot designation and the name 
of the kind, or kind and variety, appearing on the invoice and other 
entry papers and (2) a ``Declaration of Labeling'' has been filed by the 
importer of record as required under Sec. 201.228a.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 9949, Aug. 11, 1945; 14 FR 
6459, Oct. 22, 1949; 26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.211   Bulk.

    Bulk seeds or screenings shall be sampled by inserting a long probe 
or thrusting the hand into the bulk as circumstances require. At least 
as many trierfuls or handfuls as the minimum required for the same 
quantity of seed or screenings in bags of a size customarily used for 
such seed or screenings shall be taken.

[26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.212   Bags.

    (a) For lots of six bags or less, each bag shall be sampled. A total 
of at least five trierfuls shall be taken.

[[Page 425]]

    (b) For lots of more than six bags, five bags plus at least 10 
percent of the number of bags in the lot shall be sampled. (Round off 
numbers with decimals to the nearest whole number, raising 0.5 to the 
next whole number.) Regardless of the lot size, it is not necessary that 
more than 30 bags be sampled.
    (c) When sampling seed in small containers which it is not practical 
to sample as required in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, entire 
unopened containers may be taken in sufficient number to supply a 
minimum size sample as required in Sec. 201.213. The sample may consist 
of the contents of one container, or two or more containers when 
combined.

[20 FR 7856, Oct. 19, 1955, and 26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.213   Size of sample.

    Samples of agricultural seed shall be not less than 1 quart. Samples 
of screenings shall be not less than 2 quarts. Samples of vegetable seed 
shall be not less than 1 pint, except that samples of one-fourth pint 
will be sufficient from importations of 5 pounds or less. Unused 
portions of samples of rare or expensive seeds will be returned by the 
Agricultural Marketing Service upon request of the importer.

[5 FR 38, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 13489, Nov. 1, 1945]



Sec. 201.214   Sealing and identifying samples.

    Before being forwarded for analysis, test, or examination, the 
container of each sample shall be properly sealed, and identified in 
accordance with Sec. 201.215.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.215   Statements to accompany samples.

    All samples shall be accompanied by (a) a description of the lot of 
seed offered for importation, on a form provided for this purpose by the 
Department of Agriculture and (b) the declaration of labeling required 
in Sec. 201.228a.

[26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.216   Forwarding samples.

    Samples from the various ports shall be forwarded to seed 
laboratories in accordance with instructions of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service to be furnished to customs officers from time to time.

[6 FR 3961, Aug. 8, 1941, as amended at 10 FR 13489, Nov. 1, 1945]



Sec. 201.217   Notice to consignee.

    The collector of customs shall immediately notify the owner or 
consignee that samples of seeds or screenings have been drawn and that 
the shipment shall be held intact pending a decision of the Agricultural 
Marketing Service in the matter.

[5 FR 39, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 13489, Nov. 1, 1945]



Sec. 201.218   Delivery under bond.

    After samples of seed or screenings offered for importation into the 
United States from any foreign country have been drawn, such seed or 
screenings shall be admitted into the commerce of the United States only 
after the seed or screenings have been found to meet the requirements of 
the act and the regulations in this part except for those lots not 
tested for pure live seed due to application of statistical inspection 
techniques as provided in section 302(a) of the Act: Provided, however, 
That if each container of such seed or screenings is stenciled or 
labeled to show the name of the kind, or the kind and variety, and a lot 
number or other designation identifying the lot of seed, collectors of 
customs may release from customs custody for delivery to the owner or 
consignee shipments which have been sampled, pending examination and 
decision in the matter, upon the execution on the appropriate form of 
either a customs single-entry bond or a customs term bond in such amount 
as is prescribed for such bond in customs regulations in force on date 
of entry, which bond shall contain a condition for the redelivery of the 
seed or screenings or any part thereof upon demand of the collector of 
customs at any time. Prior to being so admitted, the seed or screenings 
shall be kept intact and not tampered with in any way, or removed from 
the containers except

[[Page 426]]

under supervision as provided by regulation. The bond shall be filed 
with the collector of customs, who, in case of default, shall take 
appropriate action to effect the collection of liquidated damages equal 
to the value of the entire shipment as set forth in the entry plus the 
estimated duty thereon, if any.

[6 FR 3961, Aug. 8, 1941, as amended at 24 FR 2269, Mar. 24, 1959; 32 FR 
12155, Aug. 24, 1967]



Sec. 201.219   Notice of removal.

    The owner or consignee shall keep the Agricultural Marketing Service 
informed as to the location of seed or screenings subject to the act, 
after sampling by the collector of customs but before being finally 
admitted into the commerce of the United States.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 13489, Nov. 1, 1945]

          evidence as to country or region where seed was grown



Sec. 201.220   Certificate or declaration of origin.

    (a) A certificate, attached to the invoice, of the properly 
authorized official of the foreign country in which the seed was grown, 
to the effect that the seed of alfalfa or red clover or any mixture of 
seeds containing 10 percent or more of either or both of such seed was 
grown in that country, will be regarded as prima facie evidence of such 
face. This certificate shall be in the following form:

                Certificate of Origin by Foreign Official

City ------------------, country --------, date --------------
    I, ---------------------- (Name of official), hereby certify that 
the seed contained in ---------- bags, marked --------------, described 
in invoice ---------------- (Number or date) to which this certificate 
is attached, was grown in ------------------ (Name of country or 
countries or part thereof).
________________________________________________________________________
                                                      (Name of official)
________________________________________________________________________
                                                      (Official title)  

    (b) A declaration of the shipper attached to the invoice stating the 
country in which the seed of alfalfa or the seed of red clover or any 
mixture of seeds containing 10 percent or more of either or both of such 
seeds was grown will be regarded as prima facie evidence of such fact. 
The declaration shall be in the following form:

                    Declaration of Origin by Shipper

City --------------, country --------, date --------------.
    I, the undersigned, the shipper of the seed contained in ----------
------ bags, marked ------------, described in invoice ----------------
---- (Number or date), to which this declaration is attached, do hereby 
certify that such seed was grown in

                 ----------------------------------------

(Name of country or countries or part thereof).
________________________________________________________________________
                                                             (Signature)

    (c) If the information contained in the certificate or declaration 
provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section is not sufficient 
to establish the country or region of origin of the seed, or if the 
consular invoice is not accompanied by such certificate or declaration, 
other evidence as to the origin may be considered, or the seed may be 
permitted entry after being stained 10 percent red.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 14 FR 335, Jan. 26, 1949]

                  exemptions, declarations and labeling



Sec. 201.221   Exemptions.

    (a) Shipments through the United States. Seed shipped in bond 
through the United States is not subject to the import requirements of 
the act.
    (b) United States seed returned. Seed which has been grown in the 
United States, exported, and returned from a foreign country, is not 
subject to the prohibition against the importation of seed that is 
adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes: Provided, That proof in the 
form of statements or other documents, furnished by the United States 
importer to the Seed Branch, Agricultural Marketing Service, United 
States Department of Agriculture, establishes that (1) the seed was 
grown in the United States and was exported, (2) the seed was not 
admitted into the commerce of a foreign country, and (3) the seed was 
not commingled with other seed after

[[Page 427]]

being exported. The information required in paragraph (b)(1) of this 
section shall include the quantity of seed and number of containers, the 
date of exportation from the United States, the distinguishing marks on 
the containers at the time of exportation, and the name and address of 
the United States exporter. The information required in paragraphs 
(b)(2) and (3) of this section shall be contained in a statement or 
document issued by a customs or other Government official of the foreign 
country.
    (c) Seed for experimental or breeding purposes. Any lot of seed 
imported for sowing for experimental or breeding purposes and not for 
sale is not subject to the prohibition against the importation of seed 
that is adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes: Provided, That (1) a 
declaration is filed by the importer with the Seed Branch, Consumer and 
Marketing Service, United States Department of Agriculture, as specified 
in this paragraph, and (2) the quantity of seed in the lot will not 
exceed that shown in table 4 in Sec. 201.221a for such seed. Seed 
imported for increase purposes only will not be considered to be 
imported for experimental or breeding purposes. The declaration required 
to be filed shall be substantially as shown in paragraph (d) of this 
section.
    (d) Seed for seed production only. Any lot of seed imported for 
sowing for seed production only, by or for the importer or consignee, 
and not to be sold within the United States is not subject to the 
prohibition against the importation of seed that is (1) adulterated or 
unfit for seeding purposes because of low pure live seed, or (2) 
required to be stained: Provided, That a declaration is filed by the 
importer with the Seed Branch, Grain Division, Agricultural Marketing 
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, substantially as specified 
below:

                               Declaration

 seed for experimental or breeding purposes or seed for seed production 
                                  only

    The undersigned declares: That he is a resident of ----------------
---- (Street, city, and State); that he is (owner of) (employed by) the 
firm of ------ (as a ----------); that he (is) (represents) the (owner) 
(consignee) of the ---- pounds of ------------ (Kind of seed) seed 
ordered for importation at ------------ (Port of entry) under entry No. 
---- and contained in -------- bags or containers marked ---------- as 
described in invoice No. ---- dated ----------; that said seed is being 
imported for (making selections, crosses, or tests, or for other 
experimental or breeding purposes) or (seed production only) and will 
not be sold.
Signed__________________________________________________________________
Date:___________________________________________________________________

[24 FR 2269, Mar. 24, 1959, as amended at 32 FR 12155, Aug. 24, 1967]



Sec. 201.221a   Table 5.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          Weight of seed
                                                           lot permitted
                                          Weight of seed     entry for  
                                              lot not      experimental 
                                            ordinarily      or breeding 
                                           sampled, less   purposes, not
                                          than--(Pounds)    more than-- 
                                                             (Pounds)   
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      VEGETABLE SEEDS                                                   
                                                                        
Artichoke...............................           25              50   
Asparagus...............................           25              50   
Asparagusbean...........................           25              50   
Bean....................................           25             200   
Bean, garden............................          100             500   
Bean, lima..............................           25             200   
Bean, runner............................           25             200   
Beet....................................           25              50   
Broadbean...............................           25             200   
Broccoli................................            5              10   
Brussels sprouts........................            5              10   
Burdock, great..........................           10              50   
Cabbage.................................            5              10   
Cabbage, tronchuda......................            5              10   
Cantaloupe (see Muskmelon).                                             
Cardoon.................................           25              50   
Carrot..................................            5              10   
Cauliflower.............................            5              10   
Celeriac................................            5              10   
Celery..................................            5              10   
Chard, Swiss............................           25              50   
Chicory.................................            5              10   
Chinese cabbage.........................            5              10   
Chives..................................            5              10   
Citron..................................           25              50   
Collards................................            5              10   
Corn, sweet.............................           25             200   
Cornsalad...............................            5              10   
Cowpea..................................           25             200   
Cress, garden...........................            5              10   
Cress, upland...........................            5              10   
Cress, water............................            5              10   
Cucumber................................           25              50   
Dandelion...............................            5              10   
Eggplant................................            5              10   
Endive..................................            5              10   
Kale....................................            5              10   
Kale, Chinese...........................            5              10   
Kale, Siberian..........................            5              10   
Kohlrabi................................            5              10   
Leek....................................            5              10   
Lettuce.................................            5              10   
Muskmelon...............................           25              50   
Mustard, India..........................           25             100   

[[Page 428]]

                                                                        
Mustard, spinach........................            5              10   
Okra....................................           25              50   
Onion...................................            5              10   
Onion, Welsh............................            5              10   
Pak-choi................................            5              10   
Parsley.................................            5              10   
Parsnip.................................            5              10   
Pea.....................................           25             200   
Pepper..................................            5              10   
Pumpkin.................................           25              50   
Radish..................................           25              50   
Rhubarb.................................            5              10   
Rutabaga................................            5              10   
Salsify.................................           25              50   
Sorrel..................................            5              10   
Soybean.................................           25             200   
Spinach.................................           25              50   
Spinach, New Zealand....................           25              50   
Squash..................................           25              50   
Tomato..................................            5              10   
Tomato, husk............................            5              10   
Turnip..................................            5              10   
Watermelon..............................           25              50   
                                                                        
      AGRICULTURAL SEEDS                                                
                                                                        
Alfalfa.................................           25             100   
Alfilaria...............................           25             100   
Alyceclover.............................           25             100   
Bahiagrass..............................           25             100   
Barrelclover............................           25             100   
Barley..................................          100             500   
Bean, adzuki............................          100             500   
Bean, field.............................          100             500   
Bean, mung..............................          100             500   
Bean (see Velvetbean)                                                   
Beet, field.............................          100             500   
Beet, sugar.............................          100           1,000   
Beggarweed..............................           25             100   
Bentgrass, colonial.....................           25             100   
Bentgrass, creeping.....................           25             100   
Bentgrass, velvet.......................           25             100   
Bermudagrass............................           25             100   
Bermudagrass, giant.....................           25             100   
Bluegrass, bulbous......................           25             100   
Bluegrass, Canada.......................           25             100   
Bluegrass, glaucantha...................           25             100   
Bluegrass, Kentucky.....................           25             100   
Bluegrass, Nevada.......................           25             100   
Bluegrass, rough........................           25             100   
Bluegrass, Texas........................           25             100   
Bluegrass, wood.........................           25             100   
Bluestem, big...........................           25             100   
Bluestem, little........................           25             100   
Bluestem, sand..........................           25             100   
Bluestem, yellow........................           25             100   
Brome, field............................           25             100   
Brome, mountain.........................           25             100   
Brome, smooth...........................           25             100   
Broomcorn...............................          100             500   
Buckwheat...............................          100             500   
Buffalograss............................           25             100   
Bur-clover, California..................           25             100   
Bur-clover, spotted.....................           25             100   
Burnet, little..........................           25             100   
Buttonclover............................           25             100   
Canarygrass.............................           25             100   
Canarygrass, reed.......................           25             100   
Carpetgrass.............................           25             100   
Castorbean..............................          100             500   
Chess, soft.............................           25             100   
Chickpea................................          100             500   
Clover, alsike..........................           25             100   
Clover, berseem.........................           25             100   
Clover, cluster.........................           25             100   
Clover, crimson.........................           25             100   
Clover, Kenya...........................           25             100   
Clover, large hop.......................           25             100   
Clover, small hop (suckling)............           25             100   
Clover, ladino..........................           25             100   
Clover, lappa...........................           25             100   
Clover, Persian.........................           25             100   
Clover, red or..........................           25             100   
  Red clover, mammoth...................           25             100   
  Red clover, medium....................           25             100   
Clover, rose............................           25             100   
Clover, strawberry......................           25             100   
Clover, sub (subterranean)..............           25             100   
Clover, white (also see clover, ladino).           25             100   
Clover, (also see Alyce-clover, Bur-                                    
 clover, Buttonclover, Sourclover,                                      
 Sweetclover).                                                          
Corn, field.............................          100           1,000   
Corn, pop...............................          100           1,000   
Cotton..................................          100             500   
Cowpea..................................          100             500   
Crambe..................................           25             100   
Crested dogtail.........................           25             100   
Crotalaria, lance.......................           25             100   
Crotalaria, showy.......................           25             100   
Crotalaria, slenderleaf.................           25             100   
Crotalaria, striped.....................           25             100   
Crotalaria, Sunn........................           25             100   
Crownvetch..............................           25             100   
Dallisgrass.............................           25             100   
Dichondra...............................           25             100   
Dropseed, sand..........................           25             100   
Emmer...................................          100             500   
Fescue, Chewings........................           25             100   
Fescue, hair............................           25             100   
Fescue, hard............................           25             100   
Fescue, meadow..........................           25             100   
Fescue, red.............................           25             100   
Fescue, sheep...........................           25             100   
Fescue, tall............................           25             100   
Flax....................................           25             100   
Grama, blue.............................           25             100   
Grama, side-oats........................           25             100   
Guar....................................           25             100   
Guineagrass.............................           25             100   
Hardinggrass............................           25             100   
Hemp....................................          100             500   
Indiangrass, yellow.....................           25             100   
Indigo, hairy...........................           25             100   
Japanese lawngrass......................           25             100   
Johnsongrass............................           25             100   
Kudzu...................................           25             100   

[[Page 429]]

                                                                        
Lentil..................................           25             100   
Lespedeza, Korean.......................           25             100   
Lespedeza, sericea or Chinese...........           25             100   
Lespedeza, Siberian.....................           25             100   
Lespedeza, striate......................           25             100   
Lovegrass, sand.........................           25             100   
Lovegrass, weeping......................           25             100   
Lupine, blue............................          100             500   
Lupine, white...........................          100             500   
Lupine, yellow..........................          100             500   
Manilagrass.............................           25             100   
Meadow foxtail..........................           25             100   
Medick, black...........................           25             100   
Millet, browntop........................           25             100   
Millet, foxtail.........................           25             100   
Millet, Japanese........................           25             100   
Millet, pearl...........................           25             100   
Millet, proso...........................           25             100   
Molassesgrass...........................           25             100   
Mustard, black..........................           25             100   
Mustard, India..........................           25             100   
Mustard, white..........................           25             100   
Napiergrass.............................           25             100   
Oat.....................................          100             500   
Oatgrass, tall..........................           25             100   
Orchardgrass............................           25             100   
Panicgrass, blue........................           25             100   
Panicgrass, green.......................           25             100   
Peanut..................................          100             500   
Pea, field..............................          100             500   
Poa trivialis (see bluegrass, rough).                                   
Rape, annual............................           25             100   
Rape, bird..............................           25             100   
Rape, turnip............................           25             100   
Rape, winter............................           25             100   
Redtop..................................           25             100   
Rescuegrass.............................           25             100   
Rhodesgrass.............................           25             100   
Rice....................................          100             500   
Ricegrass, Indian.......................           25             100   
Roughpea................................          100             500   
Rye.....................................          100             500   
Ryegrass, Italian.......................           25             100   
Ryegrass, perennial.....................           25             100   
Ryegrass, Wimmers.......................           25             100   
Safflower...............................          100             500   
Sainfoin................................          100             500   
Seasame.................................           25             100   
Sesbania................................           25             100   
Smilo...................................           25             100   
Sorghum.................................          100           1,000   
Sorghum alum............................           25             100   
Sorghum sudangrass hybrid...............          100           1,000   
Sorgrass................................           25             100   
Sourclover..............................           25             100   
Soybean.................................          100             500   
Spelt...................................          100             500   
Sudangrass..............................           25             100   
Sunflower...............................          100             500   
Sweetclover, white......................           25             100   
Sweetclover, yellow.....................           25             100   
Sweet vernalgrass.......................           25             100   
Switchgrass.............................           25             100   
Timothy.................................           25             100   
Tobacco.................................            1               1   
Trefoil, big............................           25             100   
Trefoil, birdsfoot......................           25             100   
Triticale...............................          100             500   
Vaseygrass..............................           25             100   
Veldtgrass..............................           25             100   
Velvetbean..............................          100             500   
Velvetgrass.............................           25             100   
Vetch, common...........................          100             500   
Vetch, hairy............................          100             500   
Vetch, Hungarian........................          100             500   
Vetch, Monantha.........................          100             500   
Vetch, narrowleaf.......................          100             500   
Vetch, purple...........................          100             500   
Vetch, woolypod.........................          100             500   
Wheat, common...........................          100             500   
Wheat, club.............................          100             500   
Wheat, durum............................          100             500   
Wheat, Polish...........................          100             500   
Wheat, poulard..........................          100             500   
Wheatgrass, beardless...................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, fairway crested.............           25             100   
Wheatgrass, standard crested............           25             100   
Wheatgrass, intermediate................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, pubescent...................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, slender.....................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, streambank..................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, tall........................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, Siberian....................           25             100   
Wheatgrass, western.....................           25             100   
Wild-rye, Canada........................           25             100   
Wild-rye, Russian.......................           25             100   
Zoysia Japonica (see Japanese                                           
 lawngrass).                                                            
Zoysia matrella (see Manilagrass).                                      
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[24 FR 2269, Mar. 24, 1959, as amended at 26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961; 28 
FR 6871, July 4, 1963; 32 FR 12155, Aug. 24, 1967; 35 FR 7411, May 13, 
1970]



Sec. 201.222   Declaration of purpose and labeling as to kind, variety, hybrid, and treatment.

    (a) Entries covering all importations of seed of:

Barley
Bean, Adzuki
Bean, field
Bean, lima
Bean, mung
Buckwheat, common
Canary grass
Castorbean
Celery
Chickpea
Corn, field

[[Page 430]]

Cowpea
Crambe
Flax
Guar
Hemp
Horse or broad mean
Lentil
Lettuce
Lupine
Millet, foxtail, German, Hungarian, and golden
Millet, proso
Mustard, black
Mustard, India
Mustard, white
Oat
Parsley
Pea
Pea, field
Peanut
Pepper
Pumpkin
Rape, annual
Rape, bird
Rape, turnip
Rape, winter
Rice
Rye
Safflower
Sesame
Sorghum
Soybean
Sunflower
Triticale
Velvetbean
Vetch
Watermelon
Wheat

shall contain a statement by the importer setting forth the use for 
which imported. When imported for seeding purposes such seed is subject 
to the import provisions of the act.
    (b) [Reserved]
    (c) If any seed enumerated in this section is declared for seeding 
purposes and is found upon examination by the Agricultural Marketing 
Service not to meet the requirements of the Federal Seed Act, the 
importer shall be permitted to withdraw his declaration made under this 
section upon notification from the Agricultural Marketing Service that 
the seed may be released for feeding or manufacturing purposes. In this 
event, the importer shall be required to file a new declaration that no 
part of the importation will be used for seeding purposes.
    (d) The collector of customs shall notify the Department of 
Agriculture of any change in the nature of a declaration made under this 
section.
    (e) The invoice and any other labeling pertaining to agricultural or 
vegetable seed offered for importation shall bear the lot 
identification, the name of each kind and variety of vegetable seed 
present, or kind or kind and variety of agricultural seed present, in 
excess of 5 percent of the whole, and the designation ``hybrid'' when it 
is hybrid seed as defined under Sec. 201.2(y).
    (f) Any agricultural seed or mixture thereof or any vegetable seed 
or mixture thereof offered for importation for seeding purposes that has 
been treated shall be labeled as provided in Sec. 201.31(a) of the 
regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940]

    Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting 
Sec. 201.222, see the List of CFR Sections Affected in the Finding Aids 
section of this volume.

                               Screenings



Sec. 201.223   Screenings prohibited entry.

    Screening of all seed subject to the Federal Seed Act are prohibited 
entry into the United States except as provided under Sec. 201.224.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940]



Sec. 201.224   Screenings permitted entry.

    Screenings consisting of wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, field 
corn, sorghum including broomcorn, flax, millet, Proso, soybeans, 
cowpeas, field peas, and field beans may be imported, provided such 
screenings are not imported for seeding purposes and are so declared by 
the words ``screening for processing, not for seeding'' in the invoice 
or other papers required to be presented to the collector of customs.

[5 FR Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 24 FR 2270, Mar. 24, 1959]

             seed adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes



Sec. 201.225   Cleaning or processing.

    Seed which is found under the provisions of the act to be 
adulterated or unfit for seeding purposes may be cleaned or processed 
under the supervision of an employee or authorized agent of the U.S. 
Department of Agriculture. The cleaning or processing

[[Page 431]]

shall be at the expense of the owner or consignee who shall reimburse 
the Government for all expenses incurred in connection with such 
supervision, including travel, per diem or subsistence, and salaries of 
officers or employees of the United States. Travel and per diem or 
subsistence expenses shall be reimbursed at the rate allowed for 
employees of the United States in accordance with Standardized 
Government Travel Regulations. Salary shall be reimbursed at the average 
rate paid to employees engaged in supervision activities plus average 
related costs. The identity of the seed shall be maintained at all times 
to the satisfaction of the persons supervising the cleaning or 
processing. The refuse from such cleaning shall be placed in containers 
and securely sealed and identified. If upon analysis, test, or 
examination of a representative sample of the cleaned seed, it is found 
that the requirements of the act have been met, that portion of the seed 
may be admitted.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 24 FR 2270, Mar. 24, 1959; 26 FR 
10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.226   Destruction of refuse.

    The refuse from such cleaning shall be destroyed under the 
supervision of an employee or authorized agent of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture. The destruction of refuse shall be at the expense of the 
owner or consignee who shall reimburse the Government for all expenses 
incurred in connection with such supervision, including travel, per diem 
or subsistence, and salaries of officers or employees of the United 
States. Travel and per diem or subsistence expenses shall be reimbursed 
at the rate allowed for employees of the United States in accordance 
with Standardized Government Travel Regulations. Salary shall be 
reimbursed at the average rate paid to employees engaged in supervision 
activities plus average related costs.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 24 FR 2270, Mar. 24, 1959; 26 FR 
10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.227   Report to collector of customs.

    A report of the cleaning and processing and the destruction of the 
refuse, stating the amount by weight in each instance, shall be 
submitted to the collector of customs at the port of entry of such seed 
by the Agricultural Marketing Service.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940]

                             misbranded seed



Sec. 201.228   Correction of labeling.

    Seed being imported or offered for importation, the labeling of 
which is false or misleading in any respect, shall be refused admission 
into the commerce of the United States until such labeling has been 
corrected to meet the requirements of the act and the rules and 
regulations in this part. Any correction of the labeling upon the 
containers shall be done under the supervision of the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture at the expense of the owner or consignee, who shall 
reimburse the Government for all expenses incurred in connection with 
such supervision, including travel, per diem or subsistence, and 
salaries of officers or employees of the United States. Travel and per 
diem or subsistence expenses shall be reimbursed at the rate allowed for 
employees of the United States in accordance with Standardized 
Government Travel Regulations. Salary shall be reimbursed at the average 
rate paid to employees engaged in supervision activities plus average 
related costs. When a representative of the Department of Agriculture 
finds upon examination of seed that it is incorrectly described on the 
invoice presented at the time of entry, a finding of ``false labeling'' 
under the Federal Seed Act of August 9, 1939, will be made. The seed 
will be refused admission until after the importer has given 
satisfactory assurance to the Department of Agriculture that he has 
taken appropriate steps to file with the collector of customs at the 
port of entry a corrected customs invoice describing the seed in terms 
which will not constitute ``false labeling.'' Upon receipt of such 
assurance, the Department of Agriculture will notify the collector of 
the nature of the ``false labeling'' and that the seed may be granted 
admission under the Federal Seed Act. The importer will be liable for 
the payment of liquidated damages under the bond filed in connection 
with the entry unless a corrected customs

[[Page 432]]

invoice is produced within the time provided for by law or regulations.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940, as amended at 10 FR 9949, Aug. 11, 1945; 24 FR 
2270, Mar. 24, 1959; 26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



Sec. 201.228a   Declaration of labeling.

    For each importation of seed the importer shall submit with the 
entry papers a copy of the commercial invoice showing thereon or on a 
statement attached thereto, for each lot, under the heading 
``Declaration of Labeling,'' any information on or attached to the 
containers of the seed regarding the kind or kind and variety; 
distinguishing marks; origin; percentages of pure seed, weed seed, inert 
matter, other crop seed, pure live seed, germination, and hard seeds; 
the date of test; the name and rate of occurrence of noxious-weed seeds; 
and the name of any substance or process used in treating the seed: 
Provided, That a declaration of labeling shall not be required for any 
kind of seed enumerated in Sec. 201.222 that is imported for other than 
seeding purposes.

[28 FR 6871, July 4, 1963]

                               mixing seed



Sec. 201.229   Prohibition against and exception.

    Mixing any seed or screenings with a lot or shipment of seed or 
screenings offered for entry which has been found to be in violation of 
the act or the regulations in this part is prohibited, except that in 
cases where it shall appear to the satisfaction of the Administrator of 
the Agricultural Marketing Service that two or more such lots or 
shipments of seed or screenings offered for entry are of substantially 
the same quality and origin, they may be mixed for the purpose of 
recleaning upon a written permit from the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service.

[5 FR 40, Jan. 4, 1940]

                       rejected seed or screenings



Sec. 201.230   Exportation or destruction.

    (a) Seed or screenings refused admission into the commerce of the 
United States shall be exported under customs supervision by the owner 
or consignee within 12 months of the date of notice of such refusal or 
at the expiration of such 12-month period the rejected seed or 
screenings shall be destroyed under the supervision of an employee or 
authorized agent of the United States Department of Agriculture in such 
manner as may be determined by the United States Department of 
Agriculture.
    (b) When seed or screenings which have been refused admission into 
the commerce of the United States are exported the collector of customs 
shall notify the office of the United States Department of Agriculture 
that issued the notice of rejection and shall also submit to said office 
a sample drawn from the seed at the time of exportation.
    (c) The destruction of seed or screenings refused admission shall be 
at the expense of the owner or consignee who shall reimburse the 
Government for all expenses incurred in connection with such 
supervision, including travel, per diem or subsistence, and salaries of 
officers and employees of the United States. Travel and per diem or 
subsistence expenses shall be reimbursed at the rate allowed for 
employees of the United States in accordance with Standardized 
Government Travel Regulations. Salary shall be reimbursed at the average 
rate paid to employees engaged in supervision activities plus average 
related costs. The United States Department of Agriculture shall make a 
report of such destruction giving the amount by weight to the collector 
of customs at the port of entry of such seed or screenings.

[10 FR 9949, Aug. 11, 1945, as amended at 20 FR 7856, Oct. 19, 1955; 24 
FR 2270, Mar. 24, 1959; 26 FR 10150, Oct. 31, 1961]



PART 202--FEDERAL SEED ACT RULES OF PRACTICE--Table of Contents




                           Subpart A--General

Sec.
202.1  Meaning of words.
202.2  Definitions.
202.3  Institution of proceedings.
202.4  Status of applicant.

[[Page 433]]

                          Subpart B--[Reserved]

            Subpart C--Rules Applicable to Other Proceedings

202.40  Proceedings prior to reporting for criminal prosecution.
202.41  Notice and hearing prior to promulgation of rules and 
          regulations.
202.42  Publication of judgments, settlements, and orders.
202.43  Proceedings under section 302(a) to show cause why seed or 
          screenings should be admitted into the United States.
202.44  Proceedings under section 305(b) to determine whether foreign 
          alfalfa or red clover seed is not adapted for general 
          agricultural use in the United States.

    Authority: Secs. 302, 305, 402, 408, 409, 413, 414, 53 Stat. 1275, 
as amended; 7 U.S.C. 1582, 1585, 1592, 1598, 1599, 1603, 1604.

    Source: 36 FR 1314, Jan. 27, 1971, unless otherwise noted.



                           Subpart A--General



Sec. 202.1   Meaning of words.

    As used in this part, words in the singular form shall be deemed to 
import the plural, and vice versa, as the case may require.



Sec. 202.2   Definitions.

    For the purposes of this part, the following terms shall be 
construed, respectively, to mean:
    (a) The term Act means the Federal Seed Act, approved August 9, 1939 
(53 Stat. 1275, 7 U.S.C. 1551 et seq.) and any legislation amendatory 
thereof.
    (b) Complaint means any formal complaint and notice of hearing or 
other document by virtue of which a proceeding under the Act is 
instituted.
    (c) Complainant means the party upon whose complaint the proceeding 
is instituted.
    (d) Decision and Order includes the Secretary's findings, 
conclusions, order, and rulings on motions, exceptions, statements of 
objections, and proposed findings, conclusions and orders submitted by 
the parties not theretofore ruled upon.
    (e) Director means the Director of the Grain Division, Agricultural 
Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, or any officer or 
employee of the Department to whom authority is delegated to act in his 
stead.
    (f) Administrative Law Judge means an Administrative Law Judge in 
the Office of Administrative Law Judge, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
    (g) Administrative Law Judge Recommended Decision means the 
Administrative Law Judge's report to the Secretary consisting of the 
proposed: (1) Findings of facts and conclusions with respect to all 
material issues of fact, law or discretion, as well as the reasons or 
basis for conclusions and (2) order.
    (h) The term hearing means that part of a proceeding which involves 
the submission of evidence and means either an oral or written hearing.
    (i) Hearing Clerk means the Hearing Clerk, U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250.
    (j) The term person includes any individual, partnership, 
corporation, company, society, association, receiver, or trustee.
    (k) The term regulations means the regulations promulgated pursuant 
to the Act (7 CFR part 201).
    (l) Respondent means the party proceeded against.
    (m) Secretary means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United 
States, or any officer or employee of the U.S. Department of Agriculture 
to whom authority has heretofore been delegated, or to whom authority 
may hereafter be delegated, to act in his stead, including the Judicial 
Officer.



Sec. 202.3   Institution of proceedings.

    Any person having information of any violation of the Act or of any 
of the regulations promulgated thereunder may file with the Director an 
application requesting the institution of such proceedings as may be 
authorized under the Act. Such application shall be in writing, signed 
by or on behalf of the applicant, and shall contain a short and simple 
statement of the facts constituting the alleged violation and the name 
and address of the applicant and the party complained of. If, after 
investigation of the matters complained of in the application or after 
investigation made on his own motion, the Director has reason to believe 
that any person has violated or is violating any

[[Page 434]]

of the provisions of the Act or the regulations made and promulgated 
thereunder, he may institute such proceedings as may be authorized by 
the Act.



Sec. 202.4   Status of applicant.

    The person filing an application shall not be a party to any 
proceeding which may be instituted under the Act, unless he be permitted 
by the Secretary or by the Administrative Law Judge to intervene 
therein. The Director shall not be required to divulge the name of the 
applicant and such person will have no legal status in the proceeding 
which may be instituted, except where allowed to intervene or as such 
person may be called as a witness. At any time after the institution of 
the proceeding, and before it has been submitted to the Secretary for 
final consideration, the Secretary or the Administrator, may upon 
petition in writing and upon good cause shown, permit any person to 
intervene.



                          Subpart B--[Reserved]



            Subpart C--Rules Applicable to Other Proceedings



Sec. 202.40   Proceedings prior to reporting for criminal prosecution.

    The Director shall, before any violation of this act is reported to 
any U.S. attorney for institution of a criminal proceeding, notify the 
person against whom such proceeding is contemplated that action is 
contemplated, inform him regarding the facts involved, and afford him an 
opportunity to present his views, either orally or in writing, with 
regard to such contemplated proceeding. Notice shall be served upon such 
person in the manner provided in Sec. 202.27 of this part. If the person 
desires to explain the transaction or otherwise to present his views, he 
shall file with the Director, within 20 days after the service of the 
notice, an answer, in duplicate, signed by him or by his attorney, or 
shall request, within the 20 days, an opportunity to express his views 
orally. The request shall be embodied in a writing signed by the person 
or by his attorney or agent. Such opportunity to present his views 
orally shall be afforded at a time and place to be designated by the 
Director and it shall be given within a time not to exceed 10 days after 
the date of the filing of the request therefor.



Sec. 202.41   Notice and hearing prior to promulgation of rules and regulations.

    Prior to the promulgation of any rule or regulation contemplated by 
section 402 of the Act (7 U.S.C. 1592), notice shall be given by 
publication in the Federal Register of intention to promulgate such rule 
or regulation and of the time and place of a public hearing to be held 
with reference thereto. Such hearings shall be conducted by the Director 
or by such employee or employees of the Department of Agriculture as may 
be designated to preside thereat, except that hearings with respect to 
rules or regulations contemplated by section 402(b) of the Act relating 
to title III of the Act (Foreign Commerce), shall be conducted by the 
Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of Agriculture, acting 
jointly or separately, or by such employee or employees of the 
Department of Agriculture or the Department of the Treasury as may be 
designated to preside thereat. The presiding officer shall conduct the 
hearing in an orderly and informal manner, according to such procedure 
as he may announce at the commencement of the hearing. Any rule or 
regulation promulgated under section 402 of the Act shall become 
effective on the date fixed in the promulgation, which date shall be not 
less than 30 days after publication in the Federal Register. Any rule or 
regulation may be amended or revoked in the same manner as is provided 
for its promulgation.



Sec. 202.42   Publication of judgments, settlements, and orders.

    After judgment or settlement, or the issuance of a cease and desist 
order, in any case or proceeding arising under this Act, notice thereof 
containing any information pertinent to the judgment or settlement or 
the issuance of the cease and desist order, shall be given by issuing a 
press release or by such other media as the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service may designate from time to time.

[[Page 435]]



Sec. 202.43   Proceedings under section 302(a) to show cause why seed or screenings should be admitted into the United States.

    When seed or screenings have been refused admission into the United 
States under the Act or the joint regulations promulgated thereunder, 
the owner or consignee of such seed or screenings may submit a request 
to the Director for a hearing in which he may show cause, if any he 
have, why such seed or screenings should be admitted. Request for such 
hearing shall be embodied in a writing signed by the owner or consignee 
or by his attorney or agent. The Director shall thereupon fix, and 
notify the owner or consignee of, the time when and place at which the 
hearing will be held. The hearing shall be conducted in an orderly and 
informal manner by the Director or by a presiding officer duly 
designated by him, and it shall be governed by such rules of procedure 
as the presiding officer shall announce at the opening of the hearing. 
The determination as to whether the seed or screenings may be admitted 
into the United States shall be made by the Administrator of the 
Agricultural Marketing Service, within a reasonable time after the close 
of the hearing, and the owner or consignee of the seed or screenings who 
requested the hearing and the Secretary of the Treasury shall be duly 
notified as to such determination.



Sec. 202.44   Proceedings under section 305(b) to determine whether foreign alfalfa or red clover seed is not adapted for general agricultural use in the United 
          States.

    The public hearings which shall be held from time to time for the 
purpose of determining whether seed of alfalfa or red clover from any 
foreign country or region is not adapted for general agricultural use in 
the United States shall be conducted by the Director, or by a presiding 
officer duly designated by him. Such hearings shall be conducted in an 
orderly and informal manner in accordance with such procedure as the 
presiding officer shall announce at the opening of each hearing. The 
Administrator of the Agricultural Marketing Service shall, within a 
reasonable time after the close of the public hearing, make and publish 
his determination as to whether the said seed is adapted for general 
agricultural use in the United States. Publication of the determination 
shall be made in the Federal Register, and through such other media as 
the said Administrator may deem appropriate.



PARTS 203--209 [RESERVED]




[[Page 436]]



       SUBCHAPTER L--REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO PURCHASES [RESERVED]


[[Page 437]]



                              FINDING AIDS




  --------------------------------------------------------------------

  A list of CFR titles, subtitles, chapters, subchapters and parts and 
an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are included in 
the CFR Index and Finding Aids volume to the Code of Federal Regulations 
which is published separately and revised annually.

  Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference
  Table of CFR Titles and Chapters
  Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR
  List of CFR Sections Affected

[[Page 439]]

            Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference

                     (Revised as of January 1, 1997)

  The Director of the Federal Register has approved under 5 U.S.C. 
552(a) and 1 CFR Part 51 the incorporation by reference of the following 
publications. This list contains only those incorporations by reference 
effective as of the revision date of this volume. Incorporations by 
reference found within a regulation are effective upon the effective 
date of that regulation. For more information on incorporation by 
reference, see the preliminary pages of this volume.


7 CFR CHAPTER I (PARTS 53-209)


AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

                                                                   7 CFR


Association of Official Seed Analysts

  Secretary Treasurer, AOSA, c/o U.S. Department 
  of Agiculture, Seed Standardization Branch, Rm. 
  213, Bldg. 306, Agricultural Research Center, 
  Beltsville, MD 20705
Contribution No. 26, Microbiological Assay of                    201.58c
  Fungicide--Treated Seeds, AOSA Handbook on Seed 
  Testing, revised May 1964.
Contribution No. 28, A Standardized Phenol Method             201.58a(c)
  for Testing Wheat Seed for Varietal Purity, AOSA 
  Handbook on Seed Testing, revised June 1965.



[[Page 441]]



                    Table of CFR Titles and Chapters




                     (Revised as of January 1, 1997)

                      Title 1--General Provisions

         I  Administrative Committee of the Federal Register 
                (Parts 1--49)
        II  Office of the Federal Register (Parts 50--299)
        IV  Miscellaneous Agencies (Parts 400--500)

                          Title 2--[Reserved]

                        Title 3--The President

         I  Executive Office of the President (Parts 100--199)

                           Title 4--Accounts

         I  General Accounting Office (Parts 1--99)
        II  Federal Claims Collection Standards (General 
                Accounting Office--Department of Justice) (Parts 
                100--299)

                   Title 5--Administrative Personnel

         I  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1--1199)
        II  Merit Systems Protection Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  Office of Management and Budget (Parts 1300--1399)
        IV  Advisory Committee on Federal Pay (Parts 1400--1499)
         V  The International Organizations Employees Loyalty 
                Board (Parts 1500--1599)
        VI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Parts 
                1600--1699)
       VII  Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
      VIII  Office of Special Counsel (Parts 1800--1899)
        IX  Appalachian Regional Commission (Parts 1900--1999)
        XI  Armed Forces Retirement Home (Part 2100)
       XIV  Federal Labor Relations Authority, General Counsel of 
                the Federal Labor Relations Authority and Federal 
                Service Impasses Panel (Parts 2400--2499)
        XV  Office of Administration, Executive Office of the 
                President (Parts 2500--2599)
       XVI  Office of Government Ethics (Parts 2600--2699)
       XXI  Department of the Treasury (Parts 3100--3199)
      XXII  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Part 3202)
     XXIII  Department of Energy (Part 3301)

[[Page 442]]

      XXIV  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Part 3401)
      XXVI  Department of Defense (Part 3601)
    XXVIII  Department of Justice (Part 3801)
      XXIX  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 3900--3999)
       XXX  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4099)
      XXXI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 4100--4199)
    XXXIII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation (Part 4301)
      XXXV  Office of Personnel Management (Part 4501)
        XL  Interstate Commerce Commission (Part 5001)
       XLI  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Part 5101)
      XLII  Department of Labor (Part 5201)
     XLIII  National Science Foundation (Part 5301)
       XLV  Department of Health and Human Services (Part 5501)
      XLVI  Postal Rate Commission (Part 5601)
     XLVII  Federal Trade Commission (Part 5701)
    XLVIII  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Part 5801)
         L  Department of Transportation (Part 6001)
       LII  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Part 6201)
      LIII  Department of Education (Parts 6300--6399)
       LIV  Environmental Protection Agency (Part 6401)
      LVII  General Services Administration (Part 6701)
     LVIII  Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Part 
                6801)
       LIX  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Part 
                6901)
        LX  United States Postal Service (Part 7001)
      LXII  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Part 7201)
     LXIII  Inter-American Foundation (Part 7301)
       LXV  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Part 
                7501)
      LXVI  National Archives and Records Administration (Part 
                7601)
      LXIX  Tennessee Valley Authority (Part 7901)
      LXXI  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Part 8101)
     LXXIV  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (Part 
                8401)
     LXXVI  Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board (Part 8601)
    LXXVII  Office of Management and Budget (Part 8701)

                          Title 6--[Reserved]

                         Title 7--Agriculture

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Agriculture 
                (Parts 0--26)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Department of 
                Agriculture
         I  Agricultural Marketing Service (Standards, 
                Inspections, Marketing Practices), Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 27--209)
        II  Food and Consumer Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 210--299)
       III  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 300--399)

[[Page 443]]

        IV  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         V  Agricultural Research Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Natural Resources Conservation Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Farm Service Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                700--799)
      VIII  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Federal Grain Inspection Service), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 900--999)
         X  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Milk), Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1000--1199)
        XI  Agricultural Marketing Service (Marketing Agreements 
                and Orders; Miscellaneous Commodities), Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1200--1299)
       XIV  Commodity Credit Corporation, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  Foreign Agricultural Service, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Rural Telephone Bank, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Rural Housing Service, Rural Business-Cooperative 
                Service, Rural Utilities Service, and Farm Service 
                Agency, Department of Agriculture (Parts 1800--
                2099)
      XXVI  Office of Inspector General, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 2600--2699)
     XXVII  Office of Information Resources Management, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of Operations, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2800--2899)
      XXIX  Office of Energy, Department of Agriculture (Parts 
                2900--2999)
       XXX  Office of Finance and Management, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3000--3099)
      XXXI  Office of Environmental Quality, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3100--3199)
     XXXII  [Reserved]
    XXXIII  Office of Transportation, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3300--3399)
     XXXIV  Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 3400--
                3499)
      XXXV  Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3500--3599)
     XXXVI  National Agricultural Statistics Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 3600--3699)

[[Page 444]]

    XXXVII  Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture 
                (Parts 3700--3799)
   XXXVIII  World Agricultural Outlook Board, Department of 
                Agriculture (Parts 3800--3899)
       XLI  [Reserved]
      XLII  Rural Business-Cooperative Service and Rural Utilities 
                Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 4200--
                4299)

                    Title 8--Aliens and Nationality

         I  Immigration and Naturalization Service, Department of 
                Justice (Parts 1--499)

                 Title 9--Animals and Animal Products

         I  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department 
                of Agriculture (Parts 1--199)
        II  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards 
                Administration (Packers and Stockyards Programs), 
                Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--299)
       III  Food Safety and Inspection Service, Meat and Poultry 
                Inspection, Department of Agriculture (Parts 300--
                599)

                           Title 10--Energy

         I  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Department of Energy (Parts 200--699)
       III  Department of Energy (Parts 700--999)
         X  Department of Energy (General Provisions) (Parts 
                1000--1099)
        XI  United States Enrichment Corporation (Parts 1100--
                1199)
        XV  Office of the Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural 
                Gas Transportation System (Parts 1500--1599)
      XVII  Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Parts 1700--
                1799)

                      Title 11--Federal Elections

         I  Federal Election Commission (Parts 1--9099)

                      Title 12--Banks and Banking

         I  Comptroller of the Currency, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  Federal Reserve System (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Farm Credit Administration (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Credit Union Administration (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Federal Financing Bank (Parts 800--899)

[[Page 445]]

        IX  Federal Housing Finance Board (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XIV  Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (Parts 1400--
                1499)
        XV  Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board (Parts 
                1500--1599)
      XVII  Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                1700-1799)
     XVIII  Community Development Financial Institutions Fund, 
                Department of the Treasury (Parts 1800--1899)

               Title 13--Business Credit and Assistance

         I  Small Business Administration (Parts 1--199)
       III  Economic Development Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)

                    Title 14--Aeronautics and Space

         I  Federal Aviation Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--199)
        II  Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation 
                (Aviation Proceedings) (Parts 200--399)
       III  Commercial Space Transportation, Federal Aviation 
                Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 400--499)
         V  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)

                 Title 15--Commerce and Foreign Trade

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Commerce (Parts 
                0--29)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Commerce and 
                Foreign Trade
         I  Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                30--199)
        II  National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Foreign-Trade Zones Board, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 400--499)
       VII  Bureau of Export Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 
                Department of Commerce (Parts 900--999)
        XI  Technology Administration, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
      XIII  East-West Foreign Trade Board (Parts 1300--1399)
       XIV  Minority Business Development Agency (Parts 1400--
                1499)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade 
                Agreements

[[Page 446]]

        XX  Office of the United States Trade Representative 
                (Parts 2000--2099)
            Subtitle D--Regulations Relating to Telecommunications 
                and Information
     XXIII  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                2300--2399)

                    Title 16--Commercial Practices

         I  Federal Trade Commission (Parts 0--999)
        II  Consumer Product Safety Commission (Parts 1000--1799)

             Title 17--Commodity and Securities Exchanges

         I  Commodity Futures Trading Commission (Parts 1--199)
        II  Securities and Exchange Commission (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Department of the Treasury (Parts 400--499)

          Title 18--Conservation of Power and Water Resources

         I  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Department of 
                Energy (Parts 1--399)
       III  Delaware River Basin Commission (Parts 400--499)
        VI  Water Resources Council (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Susquehanna River Basin Commission (Parts 800--899)
      XIII  Tennessee Valley Authority (Parts 1300--1399)

                       Title 19--Customs Duties

         I  United States Customs Service, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 1--199)
        II  United States International Trade Commission (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  International Trade Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 300--399)

                     Title 20--Employees' Benefits

         I  Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, Department 
                of Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Railroad Retirement Board (Parts 200--399)
       III  Social Security Administration (Parts 400--499)
        IV  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 500--599)
         V  Employment and Training Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 600--699)
        VI  Employment Standards Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Benefits Review Board, Department of Labor (Parts 
                800--899)
      VIII  Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries (Parts 
                900--999)

[[Page 447]]

        IX  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans' 
                Employment and Training, Department of Labor 
                (Parts 1000--1099)

                       Title 21--Food and Drugs

         I  Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1--1299)
        II  Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 1300--1399)
       III  Office of National Drug Control Policy (Parts 1400--
                1499)

                      Title 22--Foreign Relations

         I  Department of State (Parts 1--199)
        II  Agency for International Development, International 
                Development Cooperation Agency (Parts 200--299)
       III  Peace Corps (Parts 300--399)
        IV  International Joint Commission, United States and 
                Canada (Parts 400--499)
         V  United States Information Agency (Parts 500--599)
        VI  United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Overseas Private Investment Corporation, International 
                Development Cooperation Agency (Parts 700--799)
        IX  Foreign Service Grievance Board Regulations (Parts 
                900--999)
         X  Inter-American Foundation (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  International Boundary and Water Commission, United 
                States and Mexico, United States Section (Parts 
                1100--1199)
       XII  United States International Development Cooperation 
                Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Board for International Broadcasting (Parts 1300--
                1399)
       XIV  Foreign Service Labor Relations Board; Federal Labor 
                Relations Authority; General Counsel of the 
                Federal Labor Relations Authority; and the Foreign 
                Service Impasse Disputes Panel (Parts 1400--1499)
        XV  African Development Foundation (Parts 1500--1599)
       XVI  Japan-United States Friendship Commission (Parts 
                1600--1699)
      XVII  United States Institute of Peace (Parts 1700--1799)

                          Title 23--Highways

         I  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1--999)
        II  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and 
                Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
       III  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 1300--1399)

[[Page 448]]

                Title 24--Housing and Urban Development

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Housing and Urban Development (Parts 0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban 
                Development
         I  Office of Assistant Secretary for Equal Opportunity, 
                Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                100--199)
        II  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing-Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 200--299)
       III  Government National Mortgage Association, Department 
                of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 300--399)
         V  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Assistant Secretary for Community Planning 
                and Development, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 600--699) [Reserved]
       VII  Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Housing Assistance Programs and 
                Public and Indian Housing Programs) (Parts 700--
                799)
      VIII  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Section 8 Housing Assistance 
                Programs and Section 202 Direct Loan Program) 
                (Parts 800--899)
        IX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian 
                Housing, Department of Housing and Urban 
                Development (Parts 900--999)
         X  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Interstate Land Sales 
                Registration Program) (Parts 1700--1799)
       XII  Office of Inspector General, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 2000--2099)
        XX  Office of Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal 
                Housing Commissioner, Department of Housing and 
                Urban Development (Parts 3200--3899)
       XXV  Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (Parts 4100--
                4199)

                           Title 25--Indians

         I  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--299)
        II  Indian Arts and Crafts Board, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 300--399)
       III  National Indian Gaming Commission, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 500--599)
        IV  Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation (Parts 
                700--799)
         V  Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, 
                and Indian Health Service, Department of Health 
                and Human Services (Part 900)
        VI  Office of the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs, 
                Department of the Interior (Part 1001)

[[Page 449]]

                      Title 26--Internal Revenue

         I  Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury 
                (Parts 1--799)

           Title 27--Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms

         I  Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 1--299)

                   Title 28--Judicial Administration

         I  Department of Justice (Parts 0--199)
       III  Federal Prison Industries, Inc., Department of Justice 
                (Parts 300--399)
         V  Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice (Parts 500--
                599)
        VI  Offices of Independent Counsel, Department of Justice 
                (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Independent Counsel (Parts 700--799)

                            Title 29--Labor

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Labor (Parts 
                0--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Labor
         I  National Labor Relations Board (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Labor-Management Programs, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Railroad Adjustment Board (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Labor-Management Standards, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 400--499)
         V  Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor (Parts 
                500--899)
        IX  Construction Industry Collective Bargaining Commission 
                (Parts 900--999)
         X  National Mediation Board (Parts 1200--1299)
       XII  Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (Parts 
                1400--1499)
       XIV  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (Parts 1600--
                1699)
      XVII  Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2499)
       XXV  Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration, 
                Department of Labor (Parts 2500--2599)
     XXVII  Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission 
                (Parts 2700--2799)
        XL  Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (Parts 4000--
                4999)

                      Title 30--Mineral Resources

         I  Mine Safety and Health Administration, Department of 
                Labor (Parts 1--199)
        II  Minerals Management Service, Department of the 
                Interior (Parts 200--299)

[[Page 450]]

       III  Board of Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Geological Survey, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                400--499)
        VI  Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior (Parts 
                600--699)
       VII  Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, 
                Department of the Interior (Parts 700--999)

                 Title 31--Money and Finance: Treasury

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Treasury 
                (Parts 0--50)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Money and Finance
         I  Monetary Offices, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                51--199)
        II  Fiscal Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                200--399)
        IV  Secret Service, Department of the Treasury (Parts 
                400--499)
         V  Office of Foreign Assets Control, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, Department of 
                the Treasury (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of International Investment, Department of the 
                Treasury (Parts 800--899)

                      Title 32--National Defense

            Subtitle A--Department of Defense
         I  Office of the Secretary of Defense (Parts 1--399)
         V  Department of the Army (Parts 400--699)
        VI  Department of the Navy (Parts 700--799)
       VII  Department of the Air Force (Parts 800--1099)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to National 
                Defense
       XII  Defense Logistics Agency (Parts 1200--1299)
       XVI  Selective Service System (Parts 1600--1699)
       XIX  Central Intelligence Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        XX  Information Security Oversight Office, National 
                Archives and Records Administration (Parts 2000--
                2099)
       XXI  National Security Council (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXIV  Office of Science and Technology Policy (Parts 2400--
                2499)
     XXVII  Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations (Parts 
                2700--2799)
    XXVIII  Office of the Vice President of the United States 
                (Parts 2800--2899)
      XXIX  Presidential Commission on the Assignment of Women in 
                the Armed Forces (Part 2900)

               Title 33--Navigation and Navigable Waters

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
                199)
        II  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                200--399)

[[Page 451]]

        IV  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 400--499)

                          Title 34--Education

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary, Department of 
                Education (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Regulations of the Offices of the 
                Department of Education
         I  Office for Civil Rights, Department of Education 
                (Parts 100--199)
        II  Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, 
                Department of Education (Parts 200--299)
       III  Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative 
                Services, Department of Education (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Department 
                of Education (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages 
                Affairs, Department of Education (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Office of Postsecondary Education, Department of 
                Education (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 
                Department of Education (Parts 700--799)
        XI  National Institute for Literacy (Parts 1100-1199)
            Subtitle C--Regulations Relating to Education
       XII  National Council on Disability (Parts 1200--1299)

                        Title 35--Panama Canal

         I  Panama Canal Regulations (Parts 1--299)

             Title 36--Parks, Forests, and Public Property

         I  National Park Service, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Forest Service, Department of Agriculture (Parts 200--
                299)
       III  Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  American Battle Monuments Commission (Parts 400--499)
         V  Smithsonian Institution (Parts 500--599)
       VII  Library of Congress (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Parts 800--
                899)
        IX  Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation (Parts 
                900--999)
        XI  Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance 
                Board (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  National Archives and Records Administration (Parts 
                1200--1299)
       XIV  Assassination Records Review Board (Parts 1400-1499)

             Title 37--Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

         I  Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 1--199)
        II  Copyright Office, Library of Congress (Parts 200--299)

[[Page 452]]

        IV  Assistant Secretary for Technology Policy, Department 
                of Commerce (Parts 400--499)
         V  Under Secretary for Technology, Department of Commerce 
                (Parts 500--599)

           Title 38--Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief

         I  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 0--99)

                       Title 39--Postal Service

         I  United States Postal Service (Parts 1--999)
       III  Postal Rate Commission (Parts 3000--3099)

                  Title 40--Protection of Environment

         I  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1--799)
         V  Council on Environmental Quality (Parts 1500--1599)

          Title 41--Public Contracts and Property Management

            Subtitle B--Other Provisions Relating to Public 
                Contracts
        50  Public Contracts, Department of Labor (Parts 50-1--50-
                999)
        51  Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or 
                Severely Disabled (Parts 51-1--51-99)
        60  Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Equal 
                Employment Opportunity, Department of Labor (Parts 
                60-1--60-999)
        61  Office of the Assistant Secretary for Veterans 
                Employment and Training, Department of Labor 
                (Parts 61-1--61-999)
            Subtitle C--Federal Property Management Regulations 
                System
       101  Federal Property Management Regulations (Parts 101-1--
                101-99)
       105  General Services Administration (Parts 105-1--105-999)
       109  Department of Energy Property Management Regulations 
                (Parts 109-1--109-99)
       114  Department of the Interior (Parts 114-1--114-99)
       115  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 115-1--115-99)
       128  Department of Justice (Parts 128-1--128-99)
            Subtitle D--Other Provisions Relating to Property 
                Management [Reserved]
            Subtitle E--Federal Information Resources Management 
                Regulations System
       201  Federal Information Resources Management Regulation 
                (Parts 201-1--201-99) [Reserved]
            Subtitle F--Federal Travel Regulation System
       301  Travel Allowances (Parts 301-1--301-99)
       302  Relocation Allowances (Parts 302-1--302-99)
       303  Payment of Expenses Connected with the Death of 
                Certain Employees (Parts 303-1--303-2)
       304  Payment from a Non-Federal Source for Travel Expenses 
                (Parts 304-1--304-99)

[[Page 453]]

                        Title 42--Public Health

         I  Public Health Service, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 1--199)
        IV  Health Care Financing Administration, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Office of Inspector General-Health Care, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1000--1999)

                   Title 43--Public Lands: Interior

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of the Interior 
                (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Lands
         I  Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 200--499)
        II  Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 
                (Parts 1000--9999)
       III  Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation 
                Commission (Parts 10000--10005)

             Title 44--Emergency Management and Assistance

         I  Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 0--399)
        IV  Department of Commerce and Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 400--499)

                       Title 45--Public Welfare

            Subtitle A--Department of Health and Human Services, 
                General Administration (Parts 1--199)
            Subtitle B--Regulations Relating to Public Welfare
        II  Office of Family Assistance (Assistance Programs), 
                Administration for Children and Families, 
                Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 
                200--299)
       III  Office of Child Support Enforcement (Child Support 
                Enforcement Program), Administration for Children 
                and Families, Department of Health and Human 
                Services (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Office of Refugee Resettlement, Administration for 
                Children and Families Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 400--499)
         V  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United 
                States, Department of Justice (Parts 500--599)
        VI  National Science Foundation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  Commission on Civil Rights (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 800--899)
         X  Office of Community Services, Administration for 
                Children and Families, Department of Health and 
                Human Services (Parts 1000--1099)
        XI  National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities 
                (Parts 1100--1199)
       XII  ACTION (Parts 1200--1299)
      XIII  Office of Human Development Services, Department of 
                Health and Human Services (Parts 1300--1399)

[[Page 454]]

       XVI  Legal Services Corporation (Parts 1600--1699)
      XVII  National Commission on Libraries and Information 
                Science (Parts 1700--1799)
     XVIII  Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation (Parts 1800--
                1899)
       XXI  Commission on Fine Arts (Parts 2100--2199)
      XXII  Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee Commission 
                (Parts 2200--2299)
     XXIII  Arctic Research Commission (Part 2301)
      XXIV  James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (Parts 
                2400--2499)
       XXV  Corporation for National and Community Service (Parts 
                2500--2599)

                          Title 46--Shipping

         I  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 1--
                199)
        II  Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation 
                (Parts 200--399)
        IV  Federal Maritime Commission (Parts 500--599)

                      Title 47--Telecommunication

         I  Federal Communications Commission (Parts 0--199)
        II  Office of Science and Technology Policy and National 
                Security Council (Parts 200--299)
       III  National Telecommunications and Information 
                Administration, Department of Commerce (Parts 
                300--399)

           Title 48--Federal Acquisition Regulations System

         1  Federal Acquisition Regulation (Parts 1--99)
         2  Department of Defense (Parts 200--299)
         3  Department of Health and Human Services (Parts 300--
                399)
         4  Department of Agriculture (Parts 400--499)
         5  General Services Administration (Parts 500--599)
         6  Department of State (Parts 600--699)
         7  Agency for International Development (Parts 700--799)
         8  Department of Veterans Affairs (Parts 800--899)
         9  Department of Energy (Parts 900--999)
        10  Department of the Treasury (Parts 1000--1099)
        12  Department of Transportation (Parts 1200--1299)
        13  Department of Commerce (Parts 1300--1399)
        14  Department of the Interior (Parts 1400--1499)
        15  Environmental Protection Agency (Parts 1500--1599)
        16  Office of Personnel Management Federal Employees 
                Health Benefits Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                1600--1699)
        17  Office of Personnel Management (Parts 1700--1799)
        18  National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Parts 
                1800--1899)

[[Page 455]]

        19  United States Information Agency (Parts 1900--1999)
        20  Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Parts 2000--2099)
        21  Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employees 
                Group Life Insurance Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation (Parts 2100--2199)
        23  Social Security Administration (Parts 2300--2399)
        24  Department of Housing and Urban Development (Parts 
                2400--2499)
        25  National Science Foundation (Parts 2500--2599)
        28  Department of Justice (Parts 2800--2899)
        29  Department of Labor (Parts 2900--2999)
        34  Department of Education Acquisition Regulation (Parts 
                3400--3499)
        35  Panama Canal Commission (Parts 3500--3599)
        44  Federal Emergency Management Agency (Parts 4400--4499)
        51  Department of the Army Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5100--5199)
        52  Department of the Navy Acquisition Regulations (Parts 
                5200--5299)
        53  Department of the Air Force Federal Acquisition 
                Regulation Supplement (Parts 5300--5399)
        54  Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense (Part 
                5452)
        57  African Development Foundation (Parts 5700--5799)
        61  General Services Administration Board of Contract 
                Appeals (Parts 6100--6199)
        63  Department of Transportation Board of Contract Appeals 
                (Parts 6300--6399)
        99  Cost Accounting Standards Board, Office of Federal 
                Procurement Policy, Office of Management and 
                Budget (Parts 9900--9999)

                       Title 49--Transportation

            Subtitle A--Office of the Secretary of Transportation 
                (Parts 1--99)
            Subtitle B--Other Regulations Relating to 
                Transportation
         I  Research and Special Programs Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 100--199)
        II  Federal Railroad Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 200--299)
       III  Federal Highway Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 300--399)
        IV  Coast Guard, Department of Transportation (Parts 400--
                499)
         V  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 
                Department of Transportation (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Federal Transit Administration, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 600--699)
       VII  National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) 
                (Parts 700--799)
      VIII  National Transportation Safety Board (Parts 800--999)

[[Page 456]]

         X  Surface Transportation Board, Department of 
                Transportation (Parts 1000--1399)

                   Title 50--Wildlife and Fisheries

         I  United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of 
                the Interior (Parts 1--199)
        II  National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 200--299)
       III  International Fishing and Related Activities (Parts 
                300--399)
        IV  Joint Regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife 
                Service, Department of the Interior and National 
                Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and 
                Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce); Endangered Species Committee 
                Regulations (Parts 400--499)
         V  Marine Mammal Commission (Parts 500--599)
        VI  Fishery Conservation and Management, National Oceanic 
                and Atmospheric Administration, Department of 
                Commerce (Parts 600--699)

                      CFR Index and Finding Aids

            Subject/Agency Index
            List of Agency Prepared Indexes
            Parallel Tables of Statutory Authorities and Rules
            Acts Requiring Publication in the Federal Register
            List of CFR Titles, Chapters, Subchapters, and Parts
            Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR



[[Page 457]]





           Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR




                     (Revised as of January 1, 1997)

                                                  CFR Title, Subtitle or
                     Agency                               Chapter

ACTION                                            45, XII
Administrative Committee of the Federal Register  1, I
Advanced Research Projects Agency                 32, I
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental          5, VII
     Relations
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay                 5, IV
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation         36, VIII
African Development Foundation                    22, XV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 57
Agency for International Development              22, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
Agricultural Marketing Service                    7, I, IX, X, XI
Agricultural Research Service                     7, V
Agriculture Department
  Agricultural Marketing Service                  7, I, IX, X, XI
  Agricultural Research Service                   7, V
  Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service      7, III; 9, I
  Commodity Credit Corporation                    7, XIV
  Cooperative State Research, Education, and      7, XXXIV
       Extension Service
  Economic Research Service                       7, XXXVII
  Energy, Office of                               7, XXIX
  Environmental Quality, Office of                7, XXXI
  Farm Service Agency                             7, VII, XVIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 4
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation              7, IV
  Finance and Management, Office of               7, XXX
  Food and Consumer Service                       7, II
  Food Safety and Inspection Service              9, III
  Foreign Agricultural Service                    7, XV
  Forest Service                                  36, II
  Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards        7, VIII; 9, II
       Administration
  Information Resources Management, Office of     7, XXVII
  Inspector General, Office of                    7, XXVI
  National Agricultural Library                   7, XLI
  National Agricultural Statistics Service        7, XXXVI
  Natural Resources Conservation Service          7, VI
  Operations, Office of                           7, XXVIII
  Rural Business-Cooperative Service              7, XVIII, XLII
  Rural Development Administration                7, XLII
  Rural Housing Service                           7, XVIII, XXXV
  Rural Telephone Bank                            7, XVI
  Rural Utilities Service                         7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
  Secretary of Agriculture, Office of             7, Subtitle A
  Transportation, Office of                       7, XXXIII
  World Agricultural Outlook Board                7, XXXVIII
Air Force Department                              32, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement       48, 53
Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System, Office  10, XV
     of the Federal Inspector
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of          27, I
AMTRAK                                            49, VII
American Battle Monuments Commission              36, IV
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service        7, III; 9, I

[[Page 458]]

Appalachian Regional Commission                   5, IX
Architectural and Transportation Barriers         36, XI
     Compliance Board
Arctic Research Commission                        45, XXIII
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, United       22, VI
     States
Army Department                                   32, V
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 51
Assassination Records Review Board                36, XIV
Benefits Review Board                             20, VII
Bilingual Education and Minority Languages        34, V
     Affairs, Office of
Blind or Severely Disabled, Committee for         41, 51
     Purchase From People Who Are
Board for International Broadcasting              22, XIII
Census Bureau                                     15, I
Central Intelligence Agency                       32, XIX
Child Support Enforcement, Office of              45, III
Children and Families, Administration for         45, II, III, IV, X
Christopher Columbus Quincentenary Jubilee        45, XXII
     Commission
Civil Rights, Commission on                       45, VII
Civil Rights, Office for                          34, I
Coast Guard                                       33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
Commerce Department                               44, IV
  Census Bureau                                   15, I`
  Economic Affairs, Under Secretary               37, V
  Economic Analysis, Bureau of                    15, VIII
  Economic Development Administration             13, III
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Export Administration, Bureau of                15, VII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 13
  Fishery Conservation and Management             50, VI
  Foreign-Trade Zones Board                       15, IV
  International Trade Administration              15, III; 19, III
  National Institute of Standards and Technology  15, II
  National Marine Fisheries Service               50, II, IV
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric                15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
       Administration                             VI
  National Telecommunications and Information     15, XXIII; 47, III
       Administration
  National Weather Service                        15, IX
  Patent and Trademark Office                     37, I
  Productivity, Technology and Innovation,        37, IV
       Assistant Secretary for
  Secretary of Commerce, Office of                15, Subtitle A
  Technology, Under Secretary for                 37, V
  Technology Administration                       15, XI
  Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for      37, IV
Commercial Space Transportation                   14, III
Commodity Credit Corporation                      7, XIV
Commodity Futures Trading Commission              5, XLI; 17, I
Community Planning and Development, Office of     24, V, VI
     Assistant Secretary for
Community Services, Office of                     45, X
Comptroller of the Currency                       12, I
Construction Industry Collective Bargaining       29, IX
     Commission
Consumer Product Safety Commission                5, LXXI; 16, II
Cooperative State Research, Education, and        7, XXXIV
     Extension Service
Copyright Office                                  37, II
Cost Accounting Standards Board                   48, 99
Council on Environmental Quality                  40, V
Customs Service, United States                    19, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Department                                5, XXVI; 32, Subtitle A
  Advanced Research Projects Agency               32, I
  Air Force Department                            32, VII
  Army Department                                 32, V; 33, II; 36, III, 
                                                  48, 51
  Defense Intelligence Agency                     32, I

[[Page 459]]

  Defense Logistics Agency                        32, I, XII; 48, 54
  Defense Mapping Agency                          32, I
  Engineers, Corps of                             33, II; 36, III
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 2
  Navy Department                                 32, VI; 48, 52
  Secretary of Defense, Office of                 32, I
Defense Contract Audit Agency                     32, I
Defense Intelligence Agency                       32, I
Defense Logistics Agency                          32, XII; 48, 54
Defense Mapping Agency                            32, I
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board           10, XVII
Delaware River Basin Commission                   18, III
Drug Enforcement Administration                   21, II
East-West Foreign Trade Board                     15, XIII
Economic Affairs, Under Secretary                 37, V
Economic Analysis, Bureau of                      15, VIII
Economic Development Administration               13, III
Economic Research Service                         7, XXXVII
Education, Department of                          5, LIII
  Bilingual Education and Minority Languages      34, V
       Affairs, Office of
  Civil Rights, Office for                        34, I
  Educational Research and Improvement, Office    34, VII
       of
  Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of   34, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 34
  Postsecondary Education, Office of              34, VI
  Secretary of Education, Office of               34, Subtitle A
  Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,  34, III
       Office of
  Vocational and Adult Education, Office of       34, IV
Educational Research and Improvement, Office of   34, VII
Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of     34, II
Employees' Compensation Appeals Board             20, IV
Employees Loyalty Board                           5, V
Employment and Training Administration            20, V
Employment Standards Administration               20, VI
Endangered Species Committee                      50, IV
Energy, Department of                             5, XXIII; 10, II, III, X
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 9
  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission            5, XXIV; 18, I
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 109
Energy, Office of                                 7, XXIX
Engineers, Corps of                               33, II; 36, III
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of                 31, VI
Enrichment Corporation, United States             10, XI
Environmental Protection Agency                   5, LIV; 40, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 15
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 115
Environmental Quality, Office of                  7, XXXI
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission           5, LXII; 29, XIV
Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant Secretary  24, I
     for
Executive Office of the President                 3, I
  Administration, Office of                       5, XV
  Environmental Quality, Council on               40, V
  Management and Budget, Office of                25, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
  National Drug Control Policy, Office of         21, III
  National Security Council                       32, XXI; 47, 2
  Presidential Documents                          3
  Science and Technology Policy, Office of        32, XXIV; 47, II
  Trade Representative, Office of the United      15, XX
       States
Export Administration, Bureau of                  15, VII
Export-Import Bank of the United States           5, LII; 12, IV
Family Assistance, Office of                      45, II
Farm Credit Administration                        5, XXXI; 12, VI
Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation          5, XXX; 12, XIV
Farm Service Agency                               7, VII, XVIII
Federal Acquisition Regulation                    48, 1
Federal Aviation Administration                   14, I

[[Page 460]]

  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
Federal Claims Collection Standards               4, II
Federal Communications Commission                 5, XXIX; 47, I
Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of   41, 60
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation                7, IV
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation             5, XXII; 12, III
Federal Election Commission                       11, I
Federal Emergency Management Agency               44, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 44
Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal    48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition     48, 16
     Regulation
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission              5, XXIV; 18, I
Federal Financial Institutions Examination        12, XI
     Council
Federal Financing Bank                            12, VIII
Federal Highway Administration                    23, I, II; 49, III
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation            1, IV
Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight Office       12, XVII
Federal Housing Finance Board                     12, IX
Federal Inspector for the Alaska Natural Gas      10, XV
     Transportation System, Office of
Federal Labor Relations Authority, and General    5, XIV; 22, XIV
     Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations 
     Authority
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center           31, VII
Federal Maritime Commission                       46, IV
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service        29, XII
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission  5, LXXIV; 29, XXVII
Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on                5, IV
Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                   28, III
Federal Procurement Policy Office                 48, 99
Federal Property Management Regulations           41, 101
Federal Property Management Regulations System    41, Subtitle C
Federal Railroad Administration                   49, II
Federal Register, Administrative Committee of     1, I
Federal Register, Office of                       1, II
Federal Reserve System                            12, II
  Board of Governors                              5, LVIII
Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board        5, VI, LXXVI
Federal Service Impasses Panel                    5, XIV
Federal Trade Commission                          5, XLVII; 16, I
Federal Transit Administration                    49, VI
Federal Travel Regulation System                  41, Subtitle F
Finance and Management, Office of                 7, XXX
Fine Arts, Commission on                          45, XXI
Fiscal Service                                    31, II
Fish and Wildlife Service, United States          50, I, IV
Fishery Conservation and Management               50, VI
Food and Drug Administration                      21, I
Food and Consumer Service                         7, II
Food Safety and Inspection Service                9, III
Foreign Agricultural Service                      7, XV
Foreign Assets Control, Office of                 31, V
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the       45, V
     United States
Foreign Service Grievance Board                   22, IX
Foreign Service Impasse Disputes Panel            22, XIV
Foreign Service Labor Relations Board             22, XIV
Foreign-Trade Zones Board                         15, IV
Forest Service                                    36, II
General Accounting Office                         4, I, II
General Services Administration                   5, LVII
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 61
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 5
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 101, 105
  Federal Travel Regulation System                41, Subtitle F
  Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel    41, 304
       Expenses
  Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death    41, 303
     of Certain Employees
[[Page 461]]

  Relocation Allowances                           41, 302
  Travel Allowances                               41, 301
Geological Survey                                 30, IV
Government Ethics, Office of                      5, XVI
Government National Mortgage Association          24, III
Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards          7, VIII; 9, II
     Administration
Great Lakes Pilotage                              46, III
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation            45, XVIII
Health and Human Services, Department of          5, XLV; 45, Subtitle A
  Child Support Enforcement, Office of            45, III
  Children and Families, Administration for       45, II, III, IV, X
  Community Services, Office of                   45, X
  Family Assistance, Office of                    45, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 3
  Food and Drug Administration                    21, I
  Health Care Financing Administration            42, IV
  Human Development Services, Office of           45, XIII
  Indian Health Service                           25, V
  Inspector General (Health Care), Office of      42, V
  Public Health Service                           42, I
  Refugee Resettlement, Office of                 45, IV
Health Care Financing Administration              42, IV
Housing and Urban Development, Department of      5, LXV; 24, Subtitle B
  Community Planning and Development, Office of   24, V, VI
       Assistant Secretary for
  Equal Opportunity, Office of Assistant          24, I
       Secretary for
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 24
  Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Office    12, XVII
       of
  Government National Mortgage Association        24, III
  Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office   24, II, VIII, X, XX
       of Assistant Secretary for
  Inspector General, Office of                    24, XII
  Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant  24, IX
       Secretary for
  Secretary, Office of                            24, Subtitle A, VII
Housing--Federal Housing Commissioner, Office of  24, II, VIII, X, XX
     Assistant Secretary for
Human Development Services, Office of             45, XIII
Immigration and Naturalization Service            8, I
Independent Counsel, Office of                    28, VII
Indian Affairs, Bureau of                         25, I, V
Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant           25, VI
     Secretary
Indian Arts and Crafts Board                      25, II
Indian Health Service                             25, V
Information Agency, United States                 22, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 19
Information Resources Management, Office of       7, XXVII
Information Security Oversight Office, National   32, XX
     Archives and Records Administration
Inspector General
  Agriculture Department                          7, XXVI
  Health and Human Services Department            42, V
  Housing and Urban Development Department        24, XII
Institute of Peace, United States                 22, XVII
Inter-American Foundation                         5, LXIII; 22, X
Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission  5, VII
     on
Interior Department
  Endangered Species Committee                    50, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 14
  Federal Property Management Regulations System  41, 114
  Fish and Wildlife Service, United States        50, I, IV
  Geological Survey                               30, IV
  Indian Affairs, Bureau of                       25, I, V
  Indian Affairs, Office of the Assistant         25, VI
       Secretary
  Indian Arts and Crafts Board                    25, II
  Land Management, Bureau of                      43, II
  Minerals Management Service                     30, II
  Mines, Bureau of                                30, VI

[[Page 462]]

  National Indian Gaming Commission               25, III
  National Park Service                           36, I
  Reclamation, Bureau of                          43, I
  Secretary of the Interior, Office of            43, Subtitle A
  Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board   30, III
       of
  Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,     30, VII
       Office of
Internal Revenue Service                          26, I
International Boundary and Water Commission,      22, XI
     United States and Mexico, United States 
     Section
International Development, Agency for             22, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 7
International Development Cooperation Agency,     22, XII
     United States
  International Development, Agency for           22, II; 48, 7
  Overseas Private Investment Corporation         5, XXXIII; 22, VII
International Fishing and Related Activities      50, III
International Investment, Office of               31, VIII
International Joint Commission, United States     22, IV
     and Canada
International Organizations Employees Loyalty     5, V
     Board
International Trade Administration                15, III; 19, III
International Trade Commission, United States     19, II
Interstate Commerce Commission                    5, XL
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation      45, XXIV
Japan-United States Friendship Commission         22, XVI
Joint Board for the Enrollment of Actuaries       20, VIII
Justice Department                                5, XXVIII; 28, I
  Drug Enforcement Administration                 21, II
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 28
  Federal Claims Collection Standards             4, II
  Federal Prison Industries, Inc.                 28, III
  Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the     45, V
       United States
  Immigration and Naturalization Service          8, I
  Offices of Independent Counsel                  28, VI
  Prisons, Bureau of                              28, V
  Property Management Regulations                 41, 128
Labor Department                                  5, XLII
  Benefits Review Board                           20, VII
  Employees' Compensation Appeals Board           20, IV
  Employment and Training Administration          20, V
  Employment Standards Administration             20, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 29
  Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office    41, 60
       of
  Federal Procurement Regulations System          41, 50
  Labor-Management Relations and Cooperative      29, II
       Programs, Bureau of
  Labor-Management Programs, Office of            29, IV
  Mine Safety and Health Administration           30, I
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration   29, XVII
  Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration     29, XXV
  Public Contracts                                41, 50
  Secretary of Labor, Office of                   29, Subtitle A
  Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of    41, 61; 20, IX
       the Assistant Secretary for
  Wage and Hour Division                          29, V
  Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of       20, I
Labor-Management Relations and Cooperative        29, II
     Programs, Bureau of
Labor-Management Programs, Office of              29, IV
Land Management, Bureau of                        43, II
Legal Services Corporation                        45, XVI
Library of Congress                               36, VII
  Copyright Office                                37, II
Management and Budget, Office of                  5, III, LXXVII; 48, 99
Marine Mammal Commission                          50, V
Maritime Administration                           46, II
Merit Systems Protection Board                    5, II

[[Page 463]]

Micronesian Status Negotiations, Office for       32, XXVII
Mine Safety and Health Administration             30, I
Minerals Management Service                       30, II
Mines, Bureau of                                  30, VI
Minority Business Development Agency              15, XIV
Miscellaneous Agencies                            1, IV
Monetary Offices                                  31, I
National Aeronautics and Space Administration     5, LIX; 14, V
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 18
National Agricultural Library                     7, XLI
National Agricultural Statistics Service          7, XXXVI
National Archives and Records Administration      5, LXVI; 36, XII
  Information Security Oversight Office           32, XX
National Bureau of Standards                      15, II
National Capital Planning Commission              1, IV
National Commission for Employment Policy         1, IV
National Commission on Libraries and Information  45, XVII
     Science
National and Community Service, Corporation for   45, XXV
National Council on Disability                    34, XII
National Credit Union Administration              12, VII
National Drug Control Policy, Office of           21, III
National Foundation on the Arts and the           45, XI
     Humanities
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration    23, II, III; 49, V
National Indian Gaming Commission                 25, III
National Institute for Literacy                   34, XI
National Institute of Standards and Technology    15, II
National Labor Relations Board                    29, I
National Marine Fisheries Service                 50, II, IV
National Mediation Board                          29, X
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration   15, IX; 50, II, III, IV, 
                                                  VI
National Park Service                             36, I
National Railroad Adjustment Board                29, III
National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK)  49, VII
National Science Foundation                       5, XLIII; 45, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 25
National Security Council                         32, XXI
National Security Council and Office of Science   47, II
     and Technology Policy
National Telecommunications and Information       15, XXIII; 47, III
     Administration
National Transportation Safety Board              49, VIII
National Weather Service                          15, IX
Natural Resources Conservation Service            7, VI
Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, Office of      25, IV
Navy Department                                   32, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 52
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation             24, XXV
Nuclear Regulatory Commission                     5, XLVIII; 10, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 20
Occupational Safety and Health Administration     29, XVII
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission  29, XX
Offices of Independent Counsel                    28, VI
Operations Office                                 7, XXVIII
Overseas Private Investment Corporation           5, XXXIII; 22, VII
Panama Canal Commission                           48, 35
Panama Canal Regulations                          35, I
Patent and Trademark Office                       37, I
Payment From a Non-Federal Source for Travel      41, 304
     Expenses
Payment of Expenses Connected With the Death of   41, 303
     Certain Employees
Peace Corps                                       22, III
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation       36, IX
Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration       29, XXV
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation              29, XL
Personnel Management, Office of                   5, I, XXXV; 45, VIII
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 17
  Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Federal  48, 21
     Acquisition Regulation
[[Page 464]]

  Federal Employees Health Benefits Acquisition   48, 16
       Regulation
Postal Rate Commission                            5, XLVI; 39, III
Postal Service, United States                     5, LX; 39, I
Postsecondary Education, Office of                34, VI
President's Commission on White House             1, IV
     Fellowships
Presidential Commission on the Assignment of      32, XXIX
     Women in the Armed Forces
Presidential Documents                            3
Prisons, Bureau of                                28, V
Productivity, Technology and Innovation,          37, IV
     Assistant Secretary
Public Contracts, Department of Labor             41, 50
Public and Indian Housing, Office of Assistant    24, IX
     Secretary for
Public Health Service                             42, I
Railroad Retirement Board                         20, II
Reclamation, Bureau of                            43, I
Refugee Resettlement, Office of                   45, IV
Regional Action Planning Commissions              13, V
Relocation Allowances                             41, 302
Research and Special Programs Administration      49, I
Rural Business-Cooperative Service                7, XVIII, XLII
Rural Development Administration                  7, XLII
Rural Housing Service                             7, XVIII, XXXV
Rural Telephone Bank                              7, XVI
Rural Utilities Service                           7, XVII, XVIII, XLII
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation     33, IV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of          32, XXIV
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, and     47, II
     National Security Council
Secret Service                                    31, IV
Securities and Exchange Commission                17, II
Selective Service System                          32, XVI
Small Business Administration                     13, I
Smithsonian Institution                           36, V
Social Security Administration                    20, III; 48, 23
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, United States        5, XI
Special Counsel, Office of                        5, VIII
Special Education and Rehabilitative Services,    34, III
     Office of
State Department                                  22, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 6
Surface Mining and Reclamation Appeals, Board of  30, III
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement,       30, VII
     Office of
Surface Transportation Board                      49, X
Susquehanna River Basin Commission                18, VIII
Technology Administration                         15, XI
Technology Policy, Assistant Secretary for        37, IV
Technology, Under Secretary for                   37, V
Tennessee Valley Authority                        5, LXIX; 18, XIII
Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board       12, XV
Thrift Supervision Office, Department of the      12, V
     Treasury
Trade Representative, United States, Office of    15, XX
Transportation, Department of                     5, L
  Coast Guard                                     33, I; 46, I; 49, IV
  Commercial Space Transportation                 14, III
  Contract Appeals, Board of                      48, 63
  Emergency Management and Assistance             44, IV
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 12
  Federal Aviation Administration                 14, I
  Federal Highway Administration                  23, I, II; 49, III
  Federal Railroad Administration                 49, II
  Federal Transit Administration                  49, VI
  Maritime Administration                         46, II
  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration  23, II, III; 49, V
  Research and Special Programs Administration    49, I
  Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation   33, IV
  Secretary of Transportation, Office of          14, II; 49, Subtitle A
  Surface Transportation Board                    49, X

[[Page 465]]

Transportation, Office of                         7, XXXIII
Travel Allowances                                 41, 301
Treasury Department                               5, XXI; 17, IV
  Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of        27, I
  Community Development Financial Institutions    12, XVIII
       Fund
  Comptroller of the Currency                     12, I
  Customs Service, United States                  19, I
  Engraving and Printing, Bureau of               31, VI
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 10
  Federal Law Enforcement Training Center         31, VII
  Fiscal Service                                  31, II
  Foreign Assets Control, Office of               31, V
  Internal Revenue Service                        26, I
  International Investment, Office of             31, VIII
  Monetary Offices                                31, I
  Secret Service                                  31, IV
  Secretary of the Treasury, Office of            31, Subtitle A
  Thrift Supervision, Office of                   12, V
Truman, Harry S. Scholarship Foundation           45, XVIII
United States and Canada, International Joint     22, IV
     Commission
United States and Mexico, International Boundary  22, XI
     and Water Commission, United States Section
United States Enrichment Corporation              10, XI
Utah Reclamation Mitigation and Conservation      43, III
     Commission
Veterans Affairs Department                       38, I
  Federal Acquisition Regulation                  48, 8
Veterans' Employment and Training, Office of the  41, 61; 20, IX
     Assistant Secretary for
Vice President of the United States, Office of    32, XXVIII
Vocational and Adult Education, Office of         34, IV
Wage and Hour Division                            29, V
Water Resources Council                           18, VI
Workers' Compensation Programs, Office of         20, I
World Agricultural Outlook Board                  7, XXXVIII

[[Page 467]]



List of CFR Sections Affected



All changes in this volume of the Code of Federal Regulations which were 
made by documents published in the Federal Register since January 1, 
1986, are enumerated in the following list. Entries indicate the nature 
of the changes effected. Page numbers refer to Federal Register pages. 
The user should consult the entries for chapters and parts as well as 
sections for revisions.
For the period before January 1, 1986, see the ``List of CFR Sections 
Affected, 1949-1963, 1964-1972, and 1973-1985'' published in seven 
separate volumes.

                                  1986

7 CFR
                                                                   51 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
54.14  (b) revised...................................................590
54.27  (a) and (b) revised; interim.................................5146
    (a) and (b) revised............................................21135
61.1--61.46 (Subpart A)  Authority citation revised; section 
        authority citations removed................................22064
61.43  Revised.....................................................22064
61.44  Revised.....................................................22064
61.45  Revised.....................................................22064
61.46  Revised.....................................................22064
68  Authority citation revised.....................................40122
68.42b  Table 2 revised............................................36996
68.607  Revised....................................................40122
70.1  Amended......................................................17280
70.6  (b) table revised (OMB numbers)..............................26224
70.15  (c) and (d) revised.........................................17280
70.51  (a) and Figure 3 revised; (d) and Figure 4 removed..........17280
70.80  Introductory text revised; footnote 1 removed...............17280
70.81  (b) revised.................................................17281
70.91  (b) revised.................................................17281
70.110  Heading and (a) revised....................................17281
70.210  (e)(2) revised.............................................17281
70.220  (e) and (g) revised........................................17281
70.221  (d), (e), and (g) revised..................................17281
    (e) corrected..................................................18875
    (g) heading revised............................................26224
70.222  (c) revised................................................17282
70.230  Introductory text, (a), (b), and (e) revised...............17282
70.231  (b) and (c) revised; (d) and (e) added.....................17282
70.240  Revised....................................................17282
70.260  Undesignated center heading and section removed............17282
70.270  Revised....................................................17282
70.271  Revised....................................................17282

                                  1987

7 CFR
                                                                   52 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
53.203  (a) and (b)(3) amended.....................................35683
53.204  (c) heading, (1) and (2) amended...........................35683
53.205  (c) heading, (1) and (2) amended...........................35683
53.206  (a)(4), (b)(4), (c)(4) and (d)(4) amended..................35683
54.11  (a)(1)(vii) amended.........................................35683
54.17  (b) amended.................................................35683
54.104  (b), (n), (o) and (q) amended..............................35683
54.106  (c) heading, (1) and (3) amended...........................35683
54.107  (c) heading and text amended...............................35683
55.510  (b), (c), and (d) revised..................................13628
55.550  Revised....................................................13628
    (a) table corrected............................................15802
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................13628

[[Page 468]]

56.9  (b) revised (OMB numbers)....................................23935
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................13628
56.47  Revised.....................................................13629
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................13629
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................13629
57  Removed; eff. 3-14-88...........................................7818
58.2570--58.2578 (Subpart N)  Revised..............................28127
59.126  Revised....................................................13629
59.370  (b) revised................................................13629
59.910  (b) amended................................................42426
60  Authority citation revised.....................................36887
60.5  Heading and (a) revised......................................36887
61.1--61.46 (Subpart A)  Authority citation corrected..............36668
61.43  Revised; interim............................................35221
61.44  Revised; interim............................................35221
61.45  Revised; interim............................................35221
61.46  Revised; interim............................................35221
68  Existing regulations unchanged.................................31751
68.42a  Heading and Table 2 revised; eff. 3-14-88...................7818
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................13629
70.72  Revised.....................................................13629
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................13629
70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................13629

                                  1988

7 CFR
                                                                   53 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
58.12  (h) revised.................................................20278
58.33  Revised.....................................................20278
58.42  Revised.....................................................20278
58.43  Revised.....................................................20278
58.44  Revised.....................................................20278
58.45  Revised.....................................................20278
58.47  Revised.....................................................20278
59.411  (d) revised................................................23751
61.43  Revision confirmed...........................................2213
61.44  Revision confirmed...........................................2213
61.45  Revision confirmed...........................................2213
61.46  Revision confirmed...........................................2213
68  Authority citation revised.....................................26751
    Heading revised; eff. 1-14-89..................................50914
68.1--68.92 (Subpart A)  Revised....................................3722
68.90  Table 3 corrected............................................6059
68.405  Revised; eff. 1-14-89......................................50914
68.605  Amended....................................................26751
68.607  Revised....................................................26752
201  Authority citation revised....................................52974
201.104  (c) removed; (d) redesignated as (c); interim.............52074

                                  1989

7 CFR
                                                                   54 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
53.203  (a) amended.................................................3411
54.27  (a) and (b) amended.........................................21401
54.104  (a) and (g) revised.........................................3411
55.510  (b) and (c) revised........................................22410
55.550  Revised....................................................22410
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................22410
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................22410
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................22410
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................22410
58.1  Amended......................................................15167
58.41  Revised.....................................................15167
58.43  Revised.....................................................15167
58.44  Revised.....................................................15167
58.45  Revised.....................................................15167
58.47  Removed.....................................................15167
58.2627  Table II revised..........................................31646
58.2635  (b)(6) revised............................................31646
59.5  (b)(4) revised...............................................37289
59.18  (b) table revised (OMB numbers).............................37290
68  Effective date corrected..........................................88
68.11  (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) amended..........................5923
68.90  Undesignated center heading and Table 2 revised..............5923
68.101--68.142 (Subpart B)  Subpart heading revised................51344
68.121  Amended....................................................51344
68.201--68.213 (Subpart C)  Heading footnote 1 removed; note added
                                                                   21403
68.202  (m) amended and footnote 2 removed.........................21403
    (c) and (h) amended............................................51344
68.203  Amended and footnotes 2 and 3 removed......................21403
68.204  Removed....................................................21403
    Redesignated from 68.205.......................................21403
68.205  Redesignated as 68.204; new 68.205 redesignated from 
        68.206.....................................................21403
68.206  Redesignated as 68.205; new 68.206 redesignated from 
        68.207 and amended.........................................21403
68.207  Footnotes 2 and 3 removed..................................21403

[[Page 469]]

    Redesignated as 68.206 and amended; new 68.207 redesignated 
from 68.208 and amended............................................21403
    Amended........................................................51344
68.208  Footnotes 2 and 3 removed..................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.207 and amended; new 68.208 redesignated 
from 68.209 and revised............................................21403
68.209  Redesignated as 68.208 and revised.........................21403
    Added..........................................................21404
68.210  Revised....................................................21405
68.211  (b) amended................................................51344
68.212  (c) removed; (a) and (b) redesignated as (b) and (c); new 
        (a) added..................................................21406
68.213  Revised....................................................21406
68.251--68.264 (Subpart D)  Heading footnote 1 removed; note added
                                                                   21403
    Heading revised................................................51344
68.252  (o) footnote 2 removed.....................................21403
    (o) amended....................................................21406
    (d), (i), (1)(i), and Note amended.............................51344
68.253  Footnote 2 removed.........................................21403
    Amended........................................................21406
68.254  Removed....................................................21406
    Redesignated from 68.255.......................................21406
68.255  Footnote 2 removed.........................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.254 and amended; new 68.255 redesignated 
from 68.256........................................................21406
68.256  Redesignated as 68.255; new 68.256 redesignated from 
        68.257.....................................................21406
68.257  Redesignated as 68.256; new 68.257 redesignated from 
        68.258 and amended.........................................21406
68.258  Footnotes 2 and 3 removed..................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.257 and amended; new 68.258 redesignated 
from 68.259 and amended............................................21406
68.259  Footnotes 2 and 3 removed..................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.258 and amended; new 68.259 redesignated 
from 68.260 and revised............................................21406
68.260  Redesignated as 68.259 and revised; new 68.260 added
68.261  Table amended..............................................21406
    Revised........................................................51344
68.301--68.309 (Subpart E)  Heading footnote 1 removed; note added
                                                                   21403
68.302  (m) and (y) footnote 2 removed.............................21403
    (d)(5) introductory text, (6) introductory text, (7) 
introductory text, (m), and (y) amended............................21406
    (d), (i) and note amended......................................51345
68.303  Footnote 2 removed.........................................21403
    Amended........................................................21406
68.304  Removed....................................................21406
68.305  Footnote 2 removed.........................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.304 and amended; new 68.305 redesignated 
from 68.306........................................................21406
68.306  Redesignated as 68.305; new 68.306 redesignated from 
        68.307.....................................................21406
68.307  Redesignated as 68.306; new 68.307 redesignated from 
        68.308 and amended.........................................21406
68.308  Footnotes 2 and 3 removed..................................21403
    Redesignated as 68.307 and amended; new 68.308 redesignated 
from 68.309 and revised............................................21406
68.309  Redesignated as 68.308 and revised.........................21406
    Added..........................................................21407
68.310  Table amended..............................................21407
    Revised........................................................51345
68.311  Table amended..............................................21407
    Revised........................................................51345
68.312  Table amended..............................................21407
    Revised........................................................51346
68.313  Table amended..............................................21407
68.315  (a) footnote 2 removed.....................................21403
    (a) and (d) amended............................................21407
68.501  (k) amended................................................51346
68.507  Revised....................................................51346
68.601  (a) (2) and (3) amended....................................51347
68.607  Revised....................................................51347
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................22411
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................22411
70.77  (a) (4) and (5) revised.....................................22411
81  Added; interim.................................................31320
180  Authority citation revised....................................11489

[[Page 470]]

180.175  Revised...................................................11489
201.104  Regulation at 53 FR 52974, effective 1-1-89................4753
    Regulation at 53 FR 52974 confirmed; effective date revised....19541

                                  1990

7 CFR
                                                                   55 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
54.27  (a) and (b) amended.........................................20443
55.25  (b) revised (OMB numbers)...................................23421
55.510  (b) and (c) revised........................................13252
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................13252
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................13252
56.47  Revised.....................................................13252
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................13252
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................13252
58.43  Revised......................................................2361
58.45  Revised......................................................2361
58.805  (a) revised................................................39912
58.2601  Revised...................................................39912
59.126  Revised....................................................13252
59.128  (a) revised................................................13253
59.370  (b) revised................................................13253
68.90  Revised.....................................................50156
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................13253
70.72  Revised.....................................................13253
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................13253
70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................13253
81  Regulation at 54 FR 31320 confirmed.............................5563

                                  1991

7 CFR
                                                                   56 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
55.510  (b), (c) and (d) revised...................................19543
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................19543
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................19543
56.47  Revised.....................................................19543
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................19543
    Heading corrected..............................................25721
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................19543
58.43  Revised.......................................................774
58.45  Revised.......................................................774
58.205  (d) revised; (e) added.....................................33855
58.234  Revised....................................................33855
58.236  (a)(2) revised.............................................33855
58.251  Revised....................................................33855
58.2455--58.2563 (Subpart H)  Revised..............................30486
58.2651--58.2657 (Subpart Q)  Revised..............................33855
59.128  (a) revised................................................19543
59.370  (b) revised................................................19544
68.90  Table 3A redesignated as Table 4; undesignated center 
        heading and new Table 4 revised; interim...................15484
68.91  Revised; interim............................................15485
68.210  Revised....................................................55978
68.212  (d) added..................................................55978
68.213  Revised....................................................55979
68.261  Revised....................................................55979
68.263  (c) added..................................................55979
68.264  Revised....................................................55979
68.310  Revised....................................................55979
68.311  Revised....................................................55980
68.312  Revised....................................................55981
68.315  (e) added..................................................55981
68.316  Revised....................................................55981
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................19544
70.72  Revised.....................................................19544
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................19544
70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................19544
75.41  Amended.....................................................51320
75.47  Amended.....................................................51320
75.49  Added (OMB numbers).........................................51320

                                  1992

7 CFR
                                                                   57 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
53.132  Revised....................................................21341
53.136  Revised....................................................21342
54.27  (a) and (b) amended.........................................11427
54.123  Revised....................................................21343
54.127  Revised....................................................21344
55.510  (b), (c) and (d) revised...................................47566
55.550  Revised....................................................47566
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................47566
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................47567
56.47  Revised.....................................................47567
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................47567
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................47567
58.43  Revised......................................................2222
58.45  Revised......................................................2222
59.126  Revised....................................................47567
59.370  (b) revised................................................47567
68.90  Regulation at 56 FR 15484 confirmed; eff. 1-19-93...........59898
68.91  Regulation at 56 FR 15485 confirmed; eff. 1-19-93...........59898
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................47567
70.72  Revised.....................................................47567
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................47567

[[Page 471]]

70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................47567
180.120  Revised; eff. 1-19-93.....................................60074
180.121  Revised; eff. 1-19-93.....................................60074
180.175  Revised; eff. 1-19-93.....................................60074

                                  1993

7 CFR
                                                                   58 FR
                                                                    Page
Chapter I
54  Authority citation revised.....................................64670
54.27  (a) and (b) amended.........................................48592
    (a) and (b) amended; interim...................................64670
55  Authority citation revised..............................42413, 57538
55.20  (b) amended; (d) removed....................................42413
55.510  (d) amended................................................42413
    (b), (c) and (d) revised.......................................57538
55.550  Removed....................................................42413
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................57538
56  Authority citation revised.....................................57538
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................57538
56.47  Revised.....................................................57538
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................57538
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................57539
58.44  Removed.....................................................42413
58.101  (c) amended................................................42413
58.126  (e)(5)(ii) removed; (e)(5)(iii) redesignated as (e)(5)(ii)
                                                                   42413
58.132  Revised....................................................26912
58.133  (b)(1), (2), (6) and (c) revised...........................26912
58.136  Revised....................................................26913
58.137  Revised....................................................26913
58.138  Revised....................................................26913
58.139  Revised....................................................26913
58.140  Revised....................................................26913
58.148  (e), (f) and (g) added.....................................26913
59  Authority citation revised..............................42413, 57539
59.126  Revised....................................................57539
59.128  (a) revised................................................57539
59.370  (b) revised................................................57539
59.580  (b) and (d) amended........................................42413
61.2  (n) amended..................................................42413
61.6  Amended......................................................42413
61.8  Amended......................................................42413
61.10--61.24  Removed..............................................42413
61.24  Correctly designated........................................45946
61.44  Removed.....................................................42413
61.45  Removed.....................................................42413
61.46  Removed.....................................................42413
61.101  Introductory text amended..................................42413
61.104  Heading revised; text amended..............................42413
68.212  (e) added..................................................68016
68.213  Revised....................................................68016
68.263  (d) added..................................................68016
68.264  Revised....................................................68016
68.315  (f) added..................................................68016
68.316  Revised....................................................68016
70  Authority citation revised..............................42413, 57539
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................57539
70.72  Heading revised; text amended...............................42413
    Revised........................................................57539
70.73  Removed.....................................................42413
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................57539
70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................57539
75.41  Amended; eff. 1-5-94........................................64101
75.47  Amended; eff. 1-5-94........................................64101
77.1  Regulation at 58 FR 34700 confirmed..........................57962
80  Revised; interim...............................................29098
90--159 (Subchapter E)  Added......................................42414
110  Added.........................................................19022
180 (Subchapter H)  Removed........................................42413

                                  1994

7 CFR
                                                                   59 FR
                                                                    Page
54.27  Regulation at 58 FR 64670 eff. date corrected to 12-9-93.....1890
    Regulation  at 58 FR 64670 confirmed...........................13643
55.510  (b), (c) and (d) revised...................................52637
55.560  (a)(3) revised.............................................52637
56.46  (b) and (c) revised.........................................52637
56.47  Revised.....................................................52637
56.52  (a)(4) revised..............................................52637
56.54  (a)(2) revised..............................................52637
58  Authority citation revised......................................5934
58.43  Revised......................................................5934
58.45  Revised......................................................5934
58.101  (c) amended; interim.......................................24321
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24321 confirmed...........................50121
58.126  (e)(5)(ii) redesignated as (e)(5)(iii); new (e)(5)(ii) 
        added; interim.............................................24321
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24321 confirmed...........................50121
58.305  (f) revised.................................................1264
58.323  Removed.....................................................1264
58.346  Revised.....................................................1264

[[Page 472]]

58.2425--58.2435 (Subpart  G) Added.................................1264
59.126  Revised....................................................52637
59.128  (a) revised................................................52637
59.370  (b) revised................................................52637
61.26  Removed.....................................................26411
61.27  Revised.....................................................26411
61.28  Removed.....................................................26411
61.29  Removed.....................................................26411
61.43  Undesignated center heading and text removed................26411
68  Determination..................................................26585
70.71  (b) and (c) revised.........................................52638
70.72  Revised.....................................................52638
70.76  (a)(2) revised..............................................52638
70.77  (a)(4) and (5) revised......................................52638
80  Regulation at 58 FR 29098 confirmed............................25786
91  Authority citation revised.....................................50121
91.5  (a)(1)(ii), (2)(i) and (iii) revised; (a)(3) and (b) 
        amended; interim...........................................24321
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24321 confirmed...........................50121
91.37  (a) introductory text amended; Tables 1 through 5 revised; 
        interim....................................................24321
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24321 confirmed; (a) Table 3 revised......50121
93.3  (a) amended; interim.........................................24324
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24324 confirmed...........................50121
93.102  (a)(1) and (2) revised; interim............................24324
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24324 confirmed...........................50121
94.3  (e) amended; interim.........................................24325
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24325 confirmed...........................50121
95.2  Amended; interim.............................................24325
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24325 confirmed...........................50121
98.3  (b)(3) revised; interim......................................24325
    Regulation  at 59 FR 24325 confirmed...........................50121
110  Regulation at 58 FR 42448 corrected...........................15313
201  Authority citation revised....................................64489
201.2  (a), (h), (i) and (ee) revised; (q) added; eff. 1-13-95.....64489
201.3  Amended; eff. 1-13-95.......................................64491
201.10  (a) amended; eff. 1-13-95..................................64491
201.13  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64491
201.17  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64491
201.20  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64491
201.22  (c) revised; eff. 1-13-95..................................64491
201.26  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64491
201.31  Revised; eff. 1-13-95......................................64491
201.34  (d)(5) revised; eff. 1-13-95...............................64491
201.36b  (b) amended; eff. 1-13-95.................................64491
201.36c  (c) revised; eff. 1-13-95.................................64491
201.37  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64492
201.43  (a) through (e) revised; (g) added; eff. 1-13-95...........64492
201.44  Revised; eff. 1-13-95......................................64492
201.45  (b) amended; eff. 1-13-95..................................64492
201.46  (d) added; Table 1 revised; eff. 1-13-95...................64492
201.47  (e) revised; (f) added; eff. 1-13-95.......................64497
201.47a  (b)(3), (4) and (g) revised; eff. 1-13-95.................64497
201.48  (g)(2), (3), (h) and (i) revised; (j) added................64497
201.49  (a) revised; eff. 1-13-95..................................64498
201.50  (c) revised; eff. 1-13-95..................................64498
201.51  (a)(5), (6) and (c)(2) revised; (a)(7), (8) and (c)(3) 
        added; eff. 1-13-95........................................64498
201.51a  Revised; eff. 1-13-95.....................................64498
201.51b  Added; eff. 1-13-95.......................................64495
201.52  Revised; eff. 1-13-95......................................64499
201.54  Revised; eff. 1-13-95......................................64500
201.56  (a) and (e) revised; eff. 1-13-95..........................64500
201.56-1  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64500
201.56-2  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64500
201.56-3  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64501
201.56-4  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64501
201.56-5  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64501
201.56-6  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64503
201.56-7  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64504
201.56-8  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64505
201.56-9  Revised; eff. 1-13-95....................................64505
201.56-10  Revised; eff. 1-13-95...................................64505
201.56-11  Revised; eff. 1-13-95...................................64506
201.56-12  Revised; eff. 1-13-95...................................64506
201.57a  (b) revised; (c) added; eff. 1-13-95......................64506
201.58  Introductory text, (a)(5), (b)(1) through (4), (10), (12) 
        and Table 2 revised; (b)(7) and (c) added; eff. 1-13-95....64506
201.58a  Revised; eff. 1-13-95.....................................64514
201.58d  Added; eff. 1-13-95.......................................64515

[[Page 473]]

201.60  (a)(1) and (c) revised; eff. 1-13-95.......................64515
201.61  Amended; eff. 1-13-95......................................64516
201.62  Table 4 amended; eff. 1-13-95..............................64516
201.76  Revised; eff. 1-13-95......................................64516
201.104  (a) revised.................................................655

                                  1995

7 CFR
                                                                   60 FR
                                                                    Page
53  Authority citation revised...............................8464, 62180
53.13  (a)(2) revised...............................................8464
53.120--53.124  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
53.130--53.136  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
53.150--53.159  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
53.208  Removed; interim...........................................62180
53.209  Removed; interim...........................................62180
53.210  Removed; interim...........................................62180
53.211  Removed; interim...........................................62180
53.212  Removed; interim...........................................62180
54  Authority citation revised...............................8464, 62180
54.11  (a)(2) revised...............................................8464
54.112--54.117  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
54.121--54.127  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
54.131--54.137  Undesignated center heading and sections removed; 
        interim....................................................62180
55.11  Amended.....................................................49168
55.95  Revised.....................................................49168
55.96  Amended.....................................................49168
55.310  (b) revised................................................49168
55.330  (c) revised................................................49168
55.410  (a) heading revised; (b) amended...........................49168
55.420  Revised....................................................49168
55.430  Amended....................................................49168
55.450  (a) and (b) redesignated as (b) and (c); new (a) added.....49168
55.460  Amended....................................................49168
56  Authority citation revised.....................................12402
56.1  Amended......................................................12402
56.3  (b) revised..................................................12402
56.17  (b) amended.................................................12402
56.35  (c) revised.................................................12402
56.36  (b)(2) amended..............................................12402
56.37  Amended.....................................................12402
56.76  (b) and (e)(10) revised.....................................12402
56.200--56.234 (Subpart C)  Removed; interim.......................62180
56.226  Removed....................................................12403
56.227  Removed....................................................12403
56.228  Removed....................................................12403
56.230  Revised....................................................12403
56.231  Table 1 revised............................................12403
    Table correctly revised........................................13780
56.234  (c) revised................................................12403
58  Authority citation revised.....................................62180
58.43  Revised.....................................................50078
58.45  Revised.....................................................50078
58.305  (b) and (c) revised.........................................4825
58.325  Revised.....................................................4826
58.347  Revised.....................................................4826
58.2425--58.2435 (Subpart G)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2455--58.2463 (Subpart H)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2475--58.2481 (Subpart J)  Revised..............................11247
    Removed; interim...............................................62180
58.2475  Corrected.................................................20178
58.2479  Table 1 corrected.........................................48203
58.2501--58.2506 (Subpart K)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2550--58.2562 (Subpart M)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2570--58.2578 (Subpart N)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2601--58.2611 (Subpart O)  Removed; interim.....................62180
58.2621--58.2635 (Subpart P)  Removed; interim.....................62181
58.2651--58.2657 (Subpart Q)  Removed; interim.....................62181
58.2676--58.2678 (Subpart R)  Removed; interim.....................62181
58.2701--58.2710 (Subpart S)  Removed; interim.....................62181
58.2726--58.2732 (Subpart T)  Removed; interim.....................62181
58.2800--58.2808 (Subpart V)  Removed; interim.....................62181
59.5  Amended......................................................49168
    Corrected......................................................58199
59.17  Amended.....................................................49169
59.28  (a)(1) amended..............................................49169
59.122  Revised....................................................49169
59.130  Amended....................................................49169
59.136  Heading and (a) revised....................................49169

[[Page 474]]

59.155  Amended....................................................49169
59.300  Amended....................................................49169
59.310  (a) amended................................................49169
59.320  Revised....................................................49169
59.330  Added......................................................49169
59.350  (a) and (b) redesignated as (b) and (c); new (a) added.....49169
59.360  Amended....................................................49169
59.411  (b)(1) and (c)(3) revised; (c)(1), (e) and (3) amended.....49169
59.412  (b) revised................................................49170
59.415  Introductory text amended..................................49170
59.417  (c) revised................................................49170
59.502  (b) revised................................................49170
59.504  (c) amended; (h) revised...................................49170
59.506  (d) revised................................................49170
59.515  (a)(8) amended; (a)(9) and (c) removed.....................49170
59.516  Added......................................................49170
59.530  (g) added..................................................49170
59.539  (d)(1) revised.............................................49170
59.575  (c) and (d)(6) corrected...................................58199
59.580  (c) revised................................................49170
    (b) corrected..................................................58199
59.720  (a)(1) and (b) revised.....................................49170
59.800  Amended....................................................49171
59.801  Revised....................................................49171
59.905  (a) revised................................................49171
59.915  (b)(8) amended.............................................49171
59.940  Amended....................................................49171
59.945  (b) revised................................................49171
59.950  (a)(3) and (8) revised; (b) redesignated as (c); new (b) 
        added......................................................49171
59.955  (b) redesignated as (c); new (b) added.....................49171
59.956  Added......................................................49171
60  Removed........................................................62975
68  Policy statement...............................................10303
    Redesignated as Part 868.......................................16364
68.1  (b)(2) and (43) revised.......................................5835
70.1  Amended.......................................................6639
70.5  Revised.......................................................6640
70.15  (c) revised..................................................6640
70.200--70.271 (Subpart B)  Removed; interim.......................62181
70.210  (a), (b) and (e) introductory text revised; (e)(10) 
        through (16) redesignated as (e)(12) through (18); new 
        (e)(10) and new (11) added..................................6640
70.220  (d) through (g) and (h)(3) revised; (h)(4) added............6640
70.221  (d) through (g) revised.....................................6641
70.230  (c) removed; (d) through (j) redesignated as (f) through 
        (l); new (c), new (d) and new (e) added; (b), new (f) and 
        new (l) revised.............................................6642
70.231  Heading, introductory text, (d) and (e) revised.............6642
70.232  Added.......................................................6642
70.240  (a) revised; (d) removed....................................6642
70.270--70.271  Undesignated center heading removed.................6642
70.270  Removed.....................................................6642
70.271  Removed.....................................................6642
70.300--70.332 (Subpart C)  Removed; interim.......................62181
75  Authority citation revised.....................................21035
75.41  Amended.....................................................21035
75.47  Amended.....................................................21035
81  Removed........................................................62975
97  Authority citation revised...............................8464, 17189
97.1  Amended; interim.............................................17189
97.2  Amended; interim.............................................17189
97.5  (a)(2) amended; interim......................................17189
97.6  (d) amended; interim.........................................17189
97.7  Removed; interim.............................................17189
97.11  (b) amended; interim........................................17189
97.15  Heading revised; interim....................................17189
97.19  Amended; interim............................................17189
97.20  (a) and (c) amended; interim................................17189
97.23  (d) added; interim..........................................17189
97.100  (b) amended; interim.......................................17189
97.104  (b) amended; interim.......................................17189
97.105  (a) and (b) amended; interim...............................17189
97.106  (b) and (c) amended; interim...............................17190
97.130  (c) and (d) amended; interim...............................17190
97.140  Amended; interim...........................................17190
97.141  Amended; interim...........................................17190
97.142  Amended; interim...........................................17190
97.175  Revised; interim...........................................17190
97.201  (e) amended; interim.......................................17190
97.205--97.222  Undesignated center heading amended; Footnote 2 
        added; interim.............................................17190
97.300  (d) amended.................................................8464
97.303  (b) amended; interim.......................................17190
97.500  Amended; interim...........................................17190
97.800  Amended; interim...........................................17190
99  Removed........................................................62975
100  Removed.......................................................62975

[[Page 475]]

101  Removed.......................................................62975
110  Authority citation revised.....................................8123
110.2  Amended......................................................8123
    Regulation at 60 FR 8123 eff. date delayed to 8-1-95...........25119
110.3  (b) through (g) redesignated as (c) through (h); (a) and 
        new (c) revised; new (b) added..............................8123
    Regulation at 60 FR 8123 eff. date delayed to 8-1-95...........25119
110.5  Revised......................................................8123
    Regulation at 60 FR 8123 eff. date delayed to 8-1-95...........25119
110.7  Revised......................................................8123
    Regulation at 60 FR 8123 eff. date delayed to 8-1-95...........25119
160  Authority citation revised....................................62181
160.301--160.305  Undesignated center heading and sections 
        removed; interim...........................................62181
160  Appendixes A and B removed; interim...........................62181
201.49  Corrected...................................................2493
201.66  Removed....................................................35830
201.67  Undesignated center heading and section correctly revised; 
        CFR correction.............................................57146
201.68  Heading correctly revised; CFR correction..................57146
201.104  Removed; new 201.104 redesignated from 201.107............16979
201.105  Removed; new 201.105 redesignated from 201.108............16979
    Revised........................................................35830
201.106  Removed; new 201.106 redesignated from 201.109............16979
201.107  Redesignated as 201.104...................................16979
201.108  Redesignated as 201.105...................................16979
201.109  Redesignated as 201.106...................................16979
202.10--202.29 (Subpart B)  Removed................................62975

                                  1996

7 CFR
                                                                   61 FR
                                                                    Page
53  Comment period reopening........................................9589
53.203  (b)(3) revised..............................................2895
    Regulation at 61 FR 2895 eff. date delayed to 1-31-97..........19155
53.204  (c)(1) revised..............................................2895
    Regulation at 61 FR 2895 eff. date delayed to 1-31-97..........19155
54  Comment period reopening........................................9589
54.1  Amended......................................................11505
54.4  Amended......................................................11506
54.14  (a), (b) and Figures 1 and 2 revised........................11506
54.17  (b) amended; (c) through (g) revised; (h) through (k) added
                                                                   11509
54.104  (n) and (o) amended.........................................2895
    Regulation at 61 FR 2895 eff. date delayed to 1-31-97..........19155
54.106  (b)(3) amended; (c)(1) and (2) revised; (c)(3) removed......2898
    Regulation at 61 FR 2898 eff. date delayed to 1-31-97..........19155
56  Comment period reopening........................................9589
58  Comment period reopening........................................9589
58.43  Revised; eff. 1-5-97........................................68998
58.45  Revised; eff. 1-5-97........................................68998
58.100  Table amended (OMB numbers)................................67448
58.205  (a) revised................................................17548
    (b) revised....................................................35590
58.2465--58.2471 (Subpart I)  Revised..............................15876
58.2525--58.2541 (Subpart L)  Revised..............................17548
58.2750--58.2759 (Subpart U)  Revised..............................35590
70  Comment period reopening........................................9589
90  Authority citation revised.....................................51350
    Nomenclature change............................................51350
90.1  (i), (j) and (m) removed; (k), (l), (n) and (o) redesignated 
        as (i), (j), (k) and (l)...................................51350
91  Nomenclature change............................................51350
91.5  (a)(2) revised...............................................51350
91.23  (e) and (f) revised.........................................51350
92  Authority citation revised.....................................51350
    Nomenclature change............................................51350
    Nomenclature corrected.........................................55840
93  Revised........................................................51351
94  Nomenclature change............................................51352
94.4  (c) revised..................................................51352
94.303  Revised....................................................51352
95  Removed........................................................51352
96  Authority citation revised.....................................51352
    Nomenclature change............................................51352
97  Authority citation revised.......................................248
    Nomenclature change............................................51352

[[Page 476]]

97.1  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed............................248
97.2  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed; amended...................248
97.3  (c) amended....................................................248
97.5  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed; (b)(4) and (c) amended 
                                                                     248
97.6  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed; (d) revised...............248
97.7  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed............................248
97.11  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed...........................248
97.15  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed...........................248
97.19  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed; introductory text 
        amended......................................................248
97.20  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed...........................248
97.21  Amended.......................................................248
97.23  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed...........................248
97.100  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed..........................248
97.104  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed..........................248
97.105  Regulation at 60 FR 17189 confirmed..........................248
97.106  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.130  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.140  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed; amended.................248
97.141  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed; amended.................248
97.142  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.175  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.201  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.205--97.222  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..................248
97.303  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.500  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
97.800  Regulation at 60 FR 17190 confirmed..........................248
98  Authority citation revised.....................................51353
    Nomenclature change............................................51353
98.4  (a)(1) revised...............................................51353
160  Comment period reopening.......................................9589