[Title 14 CFR ]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - January 1, 1997 Edition]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office]
14
Aeronautics and Space
[[Page i]]
PARTS 140 TO 199
Revised as of January 1, 1997
CONTAINING
A CODIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS
OF GENERAL APPLICABILITY
AND FUTURE EFFECT
AS OF JANUARY 1, 1997
With Ancillaries
Published by
the Office of the Federal Register
National Archives and Records
Administration
as a Special Edition of
the Federal Register
[[Page ii]]
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1997
For sale by U.S. Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
[[Page iii]]
Table of Contents
Page
Explanation................................................. v
Title 14:
Chapter I--Federal Aviation Administration, Department of
Transportation (Continued)............................ 3
Finding Aids:
Material Approved for Incorporation by Reference.......... 295
Table of CFR Titles and Chapters.......................... 301
Alphabetical List of Agencies Appearing in the CFR........ 317
List of CFR Sections Affected............................. 327
[[Page iv]]
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Cite this Code: CFR
To cite the regulations in this volume use title, part
and section number. Thus, 14 CFR 141.1 refers to title
14, part 141, section 1.
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[[Page v]]
EXPLANATION
The Code of Federal Regulations is a codification of the general and
permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the Executive
departments and agencies of the Federal Government. The Code is divided
into 50 titles which represent broad areas subject to Federal
regulation. Each title is divided into chapters which usually bear the
name of the issuing agency. Each chapter is further subdivided into
parts covering specific regulatory areas.
Each volume of the Code is revised at least once each calendar year
and issued on a quarterly basis approximately as follows:
Title 1 through Title 16.................................as of January 1
Title 17 through Title 27..................................as of April 1
Title 28 through Title 41...................................as of July 1
Title 42 through Title 50................................as of October 1
The appropriate revision date is printed on the cover of each
volume.
LEGAL STATUS
The contents of the Federal Register are required to be judicially
noticed (44 U.S.C. 1507). The Code of Federal Regulations is prima facie
evidence of the text of the original documents (44 U.S.C. 1510).
HOW TO USE THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS
The Code of Federal Regulations is kept up to date by the individual
issues of the Federal Register. These two publications must be used
together to determine the latest version of any given rule.
To determine whether a Code volume has been amended since its
revision date (in this case, January 1, 1997), consult the ``List of CFR
Sections Affected (LSA),'' which is issued monthly, and the ``Cumulative
List of Parts Affected,'' which appears in the Reader Aids section of
the daily Federal Register. These two lists will identify the Federal
Register page number of the latest amendment of any given rule.
EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES
Each volume of the Code contains amendments published in the Federal
Register since the last revision of that volume of the Code. Source
citations for the regulations are referred to by volume number and page
number of the Federal Register and date of publication. Publication
dates and effective dates are usually not the same and care must be
exercised by the user in determining the actual effective date. In
instances where the effective date is beyond the cut-off date for the
Code a note has been inserted to reflect the future effective date. In
those instances where a regulation published in the Federal Register
states a date certain for expiration, an appropriate note will be
inserted following the text.
OMB CONTROL NUMBERS
The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-511) requires
Federal agencies to display an OMB control number with their information
collection request.
[[Page vi]]
Many agencies have begun publishing numerous OMB control numbers as
amendments to existing regulations in the CFR. These OMB numbers are
placed as close as possible to the applicable recordkeeping or reporting
requirements.
OBSOLETE PROVISIONS
Provisions that become obsolete before the revision date stated on
the cover of each volume are not carried. Code users may find the text
of provisions in effect on a given date in the past by using the
appropriate numerical list of sections affected. For the period before
January 1, 1986, consult either the List of CFR Sections Affected, 1949-
1963, 1964-1972, or 1973-1985, published in seven separate volumes. For
the period beginning January 1, 1986, a ``List of CFR Sections
Affected'' is published at the end of each CFR volume.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
What is incorporation by reference? Incorporation by reference was
established by statute and allows Federal agencies to meet the
requirement to publish regulations in the Federal Register by referring
to materials already published elsewhere. For an incorporation to be
valid, the Director of the Federal Register must approve it. The legal
effect of incorporation by reference is that the material is treated as
if it were published in full in the Federal Register (5 U.S.C. 552(a)).
This material, like any other properly issued regulation, has the force
of law.
What is a proper incorporation by reference? The Director of the
Federal Register will approve an incorporation by reference only when
the requirements of 1 CFR part 51 are met. Some of the elements on which
approval is based are:
(a) The incorporation will substantially reduce the volume of
material published in the Federal Register.
(b) The matter incorporated is in fact available to the extent
necessary to afford fairness and uniformity in the administrative
process.
(c) The incorporating document is drafted and submitted for
publication in accordance with 1 CFR part 51.
Properly approved incorporations by reference in this volume are
listed in the Finding Aids at the end of this volume.
What if the material incorporated by reference cannot be found? If
you have any problem locating or obtaining a copy of material listed in
the Finding Aids of this volume as an approved incorporation by
reference, please contact the agency that issued the regulation
containing that incorporation. If, after contacting the agency, you find
the material is not available, please notify the Director of the Federal
Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington DC
20408, or call (202) 523-4534.
CFR INDEXES AND TABULAR GUIDES
A subject index to the Code of Federal Regulations is contained in a
separate volume, revised annually as of January 1, entitled CFR Index
and Finding Aids. This volume contains the Parallel Table of Statutory
Authorities and Agency Rules (Table I), and Acts Requiring Publication
in the Federal Register (Table II). A list of CFR titles, chapters, and
parts and an alphabetical list of agencies publishing in the CFR are
also included in this volume.
An index to the text of ``Title 3--The President'' is carried within
that volume.
The Federal Register Index is issued monthly in cumulative form.
This index is based on a consolidation of the ``Contents'' entries in
the daily Federal Register.
[[Page vii]]
A List of CFR Sections Affected (LSA) is published monthly, keyed to
the revision dates of the 50 CFR titles.
REPUBLICATION OF MATERIAL
There are no restrictions on the republication of material appearing
in the Code of Federal Regulations.
INQUIRIES
For a legal interpretation or explanation of any regulation in this
volume, contact the issuing agency. The issuing agency's name appears at
the top of odd-numbered pages.
For inquiries concerning CFR reference assistance, call 202-523-5227
or write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National
Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408.
SALES
The Government Printing Office (GPO) processes all sales and
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M-F, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. e.s.t. or fax your order to 202-512-2233, 24 hours
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Customer Service call 202-512-1803.
Richard L. Claypoole,
Director,
Office of the Federal Register.
January 1, 1997.
[[Page ix]]
THIS TITLE
Title 14--Aeronautics and Space is composed of five volumes. The
parts in these volumes are arranged in the following order: parts 1-59,
60-139, 140-199, 200-1199, and part 1200-End. The first three volumes
containing parts 1-199 are comprised of chapter I--Federal Aviation
Administration, Department of Transportation (DOT). The fourth volume
containing parts 200-1199 is comprised of chapter II--Office of the
Secretary, DOT (Aviation Proceedings) and chapter III--Commercial Space
Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, DOT. The fifth volume
containing part 1200-End is comprised of chapter V--National Aeronautics
and Space Administration. The contents of these volumes represent all
current regulations codified under this title of the CFR as of January
1, 1997.
Redesignation tables appear in the Finding Aids section of the
volume containing parts 60-139.
For this volume, Elizabeth Thomas was Chief Editor. The Code of
Federal Regulations publication program is under the direction of
Frances D. McDonald, assisted by Alomha S. Morris.
[[Page x]]
[[Page 1]]
TITLE 14--AERONAUTICS AND SPACE
(This book contains parts 140 to 199)
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Part
chapter I--Federal Aviation Administration, Department of
Transportation (Continued)................................ 141
[[Page 3]]
CHAPTER I--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
(Continued)
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SUBCHAPTER H--SCHOOLS AND OTHER CERTIFICATED AGENCIES
Part Page
140 [Reserved]
141 Pilot schools............................... 5
142 Training centers............................ 25
143 Ground instructors.......................... 37
145 Repair stations............................. 39
147 Aviation maintenance technician schools..... 55
SUBCHAPTER I--AIRPORTS
150 Airport noise compatibility planning........ 65
151 Federal aid to airports..................... 79
152 Airport aid program......................... 115
155 Release of airport property from surplus
property disposal restrictions.......... 151
156 State block grant pilot program............. 154
157 Notice of construction, alteration,
activation, and deactivation of airports 156
158 Passenger facility charges (PFC's).......... 158
161 Notice and approval of airport noise and
access restrictions..................... 174
169 Expenditure of Federal funds for nonmilitary
airports or air navigation facilities
thereon................................. 194
SUBCHAPTER J--NAVIGATIONAL FACILITIES
170 Establishment and discontinuance criteria
for air traffic control services and
navigational facilities................. 196
[[Page 4]]
171 Non-Federal navigation facilities........... 199
SUBCHAPTER K--ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS
183 Representatives of the Administrator........ 279
185 Testimony by employees and production of
records in legal proceedings, and
service of legal process and pleadings.. 283
187 Fees........................................ 284
189 Use of Federal Aviation Administration
communications system................... 286
191 Withholding security information from
disclosure under the Air Transportation
Security Act of 1974.................... 287
SUBCHAPTERS L-M [RESERVED]
SUBCHAPTER N--WAR RISK INSURANCE
198 Aviation insurance.......................... 289
[[Page 5]]
SUBCHAPTER H--SCHOOLS AND OTHER CERTIFICATED AGENCIES
PART 140--[RESERVED]
PART 141--PILOT SCHOOLS--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General
Sec.
141.1 Applicability.
141.3 Certificate required.
141.5 Pilot school certificate.
141.7 Provisional pilot school certificate.
141.9 Examining authority.
141.11 Pilot school ratings.
141.13 Application for issuance, amendment, or renewal.
141.15 Location of facilities.
141.17 Duration of certificates.
141.18 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or
stimulant drugs or substances.
141.19 Display of certificate.
141.21 Inspections.
141.23 Advertising limitations.
141.25 Business office and operations base.
141.26 Training agreements.
141.27 Renewal of certificates and ratings.
141.29 [Reserved]
Subpart B--Personnel, Aircraft, and Facilities Requirements
141.31 Applicability.
141.33 Personnel.
141.35 Chief instructor qualifications.
141.36 Assistant chief instructor qualifications.
141.37 Airports.
141.39 Aircraft.
141.41 Ground trainers and training aids.
141.43 Pilot briefing areas.
141.45 Ground training facilities.
Subpart C--Training Course Outline and Curriculum
141.51 Applicability.
141.53 Training course outline: General.
141.55 Training course outline: Contents.
141.57 Special curricula.
Subpart D--Examining Authority
141.61 Applicability.
141.63 Application and qualification.
141.65 Privileges.
141.67 Limitations and reports.
Subpart E--Operating Rules
141.71 Applicability.
141.73 Privileges.
141.75 Aircraft requirements.
141.77 Limitations.
141.79 Flight instruction.
141.81 Ground training.
141.83 Quality of instruction.
141.85 Chief instructor responsibilities.
141.87 Change of chief instructor.
141.89 Maintenance of personnel, facilities, and equipment.
141.91 Satellite bases.
141.93 Enrollment.
141.95 Graduation certificate.
Subpart F--Records
141.101 Training records.
Appendix A to Part 141--Private Pilot Certification Course (Airplanes)
Appendix B to Part 141--Private Test Course (Airplanes)
Appendix C to Part 141--Instrument Rating Course (Airplanes)
Appendix D to Part 141--Commercial Pilot Certification Course
(Airplanes)
Appendix E to Part 141--Commercial Test Course (Airplanes)
Appendix F to Part 141--Rotorcraft, Gliders, Lighter-Than-Air Aircraft
and Aircraft Rating Courses
Appendix G to Part 141--Pilot Ground School Course
Appendix H to Part 141--Test Preparation Courses
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709,
44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
Source: Docket No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, unless
otherwise noted.
Subpart A--General
Sec. 141.1 Applicability.
This part prescribes the requirements for issuing pilot school
certificates, provisional pilot school certificates, and associated
ratings and the general operating rules for the holders of those
certificates and ratings.
Sec. 141.3 Certificate required.
No person may operate as a certificated pilot school without, or in
violation of, a pilot school certificate or provisional pilot school
certificate issued under this part.
[[Page 6]]
Sec. 141.5 Pilot school certificate.
An applicant is issued a pilot school certificate with associated
ratings for that certificate if--
(a) It meets the pertinent requirements of subparts A through C of
this part; and
(b) Within the 24 months before the date of application, it has
trained and recommended for pilot certification and rating tests, at
least 10 applicants for pilot certificates and ratings and at least 8 of
the 10 most recent graduates tested by an FAA inspector or designated
pilot examiner, passed that test the first time.
Sec. 141.7 Provisional pilot school certificate.
An applicant is issued a provisional pilot school certificate with
associated ratings if it meets the pertinent requirements of subparts A
through C of this part, but does not meet the recent training activity
requirement specified in Sec. 141.5(b).
Sec. 141.9 Examining authority.
An applicant is issued an examining authority for its pilot school
certificate if it meets the requirements of subpart D of this part.
Sec. 141.11 Pilot school ratings.
Associated ratings are issued with a pilot school certificate or a
provisional pilot school certificate, specifying each of the following
courses that the school is authorized to conduct:
(a) Certification courses.
(1) Private pilot.
(2) Private test course.
(3) Instrument rating.
(4) Commercial pilot.
(5) Commercial test course.
(6) Additional aircraft rating.
(b) Pilot ground school course.
(1) Pilot ground school.
(c) Test preparation courses.
(1) Flight instructor certification.
(2) Additional flight instructor rating.
(3) Additional instrument rating.
(4) Airline transport pilot certification.
(5) Pilot refresher course.
(6) Agricultural aircraft operations course.
(7) Rotorcraft external load operations course.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974; 39 FR 25473, July 11, 1974]
Sec. 141.13 Application for issuance, amendment, or renewal.
(a) Application for an original certificate and rating, for an
additional rating, or for the renewal of a certificate under this part
is made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator.
(b) An application for the issuance or amendment of a certificate or
rating must be accompanied by three copies of the proposed training
course outline for each course for which approval is sought.
Sec. 141.15 Location of facilities.
Neither a pilot school certificate nor a provisional pilot school
certificate is issued for a school having a base or other facilities
located outside the United States unless the Administrator finds that
the location of the base or facilities at that place is needed for the
training of students who are citizens of the United States.
Sec. 141.17 Duration of certificates.
(a) Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked, a pilot school
certificate or a provisional pilot school certificate expires--
(1) At the end of the twenty-fourth month after the month in which
it was issued or renewed; or
(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, on the date
that any change in ownership of the school or the facilities upon which
its certification is based occurs; or
(3) Upon notice by the Administrator that the school has failed for
more than 60 days to maintain the facilities, aircraft, and personnel
required for at least one of its approved courses.
(b) A change in the ownership of a certificated pilot school or
provisional pilot school does not terminate that certificate if within
30 days after the date that any change in ownership of the school
occurs, application is made for an appropriate amendment to the
certificate and no change in the facilities, instructor, personnel or
training course is involved.
[[Page 7]]
(c) An examining authority issued to the holder of a pilot school
certificate expires on the date that the pilot school certificate
expires, or is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
Sec. 141.18 Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substances.
If the holder of a certificate issued under this part permits any
aircraft owned or leased by that holder to be engaged in any operation
that the certificate holder knows to be in violation of Sec. 91.19(a) of
this chapter, that operation is a basis for suspending or revoking the
certificate.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-11,
54 FR 34332, Aug. 18, 1989]
Sec. 141.19 Display of certificate.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot
school certificate shall display that certificate at a place in the
school that is normally accessible to the public and is not obscured.
(b) A certificate shall be made available for inspection upon
request by the Administrator, or an authorized representative of the
National Transportation Safety Board, or of any Federal, State, or local
law enforcement officer.
Sec. 141.21 Inspections.
Each holder of a certificate issued under this part shall allow the
Administrator to inspect its personnel, facilities, equipment, and
records to determine its compliance with the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, and the Federal Aviation Regulations, and its eligibility to hold
its certificate.
Sec. 141.23 Advertising limitations.
(a) The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot
school certificate may not make any statement relating to its
certification and ratings which is false or designed to mislead any
person contemplating enrollment in that school.
(b) The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot
school certificate may not advertise that the school is certificated
unless it clearly differentiates between courses that have been approved
and those that have not.
(c) The holder of a pilot school certificate or a provisional pilot
school certificate--
(1) That has relocated its school shall promptly remove from the
premises it has vacated all signs indicating that the school was
certificated by the Administrator; or
(2) Whose certificate has expired, or has been surrendered,
suspended, or revoked shall promptly remove all indications (including
signs), wherever located, that the school is certificated by the
Administrator.
Sec. 141.25 Business office and operations base.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate shall maintain a principal business office with a mailing
address in the name shown on its certificate. The business office shall
have facilities and equipment that are adequate to maintain the required
school files and records and to operate the business of the school. The
office may not be shared with, or used by, another pilot school.
(b) Each certificate holder shall, before changing the location of
its business office or base of operations, notify the FAA Flight
Standards District Office having jurisdiction over the area of the new
location. The notice shall be submitted in writing at least 30 days
before the change. For a change in the holder's base of operations, the
notice shall be accompanied by any amendments needed for the holder's
approved training course outline.
(c) No certificate holder may conduct training at an operations base
other than the one specified in its certificate, until--
(1) The base has been inspected and approved by the FAA Flight
Standards District Office having jurisdiction over the school for use by
the certificate holder; and
(2) The course of training and any needed amendments thereto have
been approved for training at that base.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
[[Page 8]]
Sec. 141.26 Training agreements.
A training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter may
provide the training, testing, and checking for pilot schools
certificated under part 141 of this chapter and is considered to meet
the requirements of part 141 provided--
(a) There is a training agreement between the certificated training
center and the pilot school;
(b) The training, testing, and checking provided by the certificated
training center is approved and conducted under part 142;
(c) The pilot school certificated under part 141 obtains the
Administrator's approval for a training course outline that includes the
training, testing, and checking to be conducted under part 141 and the
training, testing, and checking to be conducted under part 142 of this
chapter; and
(d) Upon completion of the training, testing, and checking conducted
under part 142 of this chapter, a copy of each student's training record
is forwarded to the part 141 school and becomes part of the student's
permanent training record.
[Doc. No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996]
Sec. 141.27 Renewal of certificates and ratings.
(a) Pilot school certificates. The holder of a pilot school
certificate may apply for a renewal of the certificate not less than 30
days before the certificate expires. If the school meets the
requirements of this part for the issuance of the certificate, its
certificate is renewed for 24 months.
(b) Pilot school ratings. Each pilot school rating on a pilot school
certificate may be renewed with that certificate for another 24 months
if the Administrator finds that the school meets the requirements
prescribed in this part for the issuance of the rating.
(c) Provisional pilot school certificates. (1) A provisional pilot
school certificate and any ratings on that certificate may not be
renewed. However, the holder of that certificate may apply for a pilot
school certificate with appropriate ratings not less than 30 days before
the provisional certificate expires. The school is issued a pilot school
certificate with appropriate ratings, if it meets the appropriate
requirements of this part.
(2) The holder of a provisional pilot school certificate may not
reapply for a provisional pilot school certificate for at least 180 days
after the date of its expiration.
Sec. 141.29 [Reserved]
Subpart B--Personnel, Aircraft, and Facilities Requirements
Sec. 141.31 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the personnel and aircraft requirements for
a pilot school or a provisional pilot school certificate. It also
prescribes the facilities an applicant must have available to him on a
continuous use basis to hold a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate. As used in this subpart, a person has the continuous use of
a facility, including an airport, if it has the use of the facility when
needed as the owner, or under a written agreement giving it that use for
at least 6 calendar months from the date of the application for the
initial certificate or a renewal of that certificate.
Sec. 141.33 Personnel.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate must show that--
(1) It has adequate personnel and authorized instructors, including
a chief instructor for each course of training, who are qualified and
competent to perform the duties to which they are assigned;
(2) Each dispatcher, aircraft handler, line crewman, and serviceman
to be used has been instructed in the procedures and responsibilities of
his employment. (Qualified operations personnel may serve in more than
one capacity with a pilot school or provisional pilot school); and
(3) Each instructor to be used for ground or flight instruction
holds a flight or ground instructor certificate, as appropriate, with
ratings for the course of instruction and any aircraft used in that
course.
(b) An applicant for a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate shall designate a chief instructor for
[[Page 9]]
each course of training who meets the requirements of a Sec. 141.35 of
this part. Where necessary, the applicant shall also designate at least
one instructor to assist the chief instructor and serve for the chief
instructor in his absence. A chief instructor or his assistant may be
designated to serve in that capacity for more than one approved course
but not for more than one school.
Sec. 141.35 Chief instructor qualifications.
(a) To be eligible for a designation as a chief flight instructor
for a course of training, a person must meet the following requirements:
(1) Possess a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate,
(2) Meet the pilot-in-command recent flight experience requirements
of Sec. 61.57 of this chapter,
(3) Pass an oral test on teaching methods, applicable provisions of
the Airman's Information Manual, parts 61, 91, and 141 of this chapter,
and the objectives and approved course completion standards of the
course for which the person seeks to obtain designation,
(4) Pass a flight test demonstrating satisfactory performance of and
the ability to instruct on the flight procedures and maneuvers
appropriate to that course, and
(5) Meet the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)
of this section. However, a chief flight instructor for a course of
training for gliders, free balloons, or airships is only required to
have 40 percent of the hours required in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this
section.
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a private
pilot certificate or rating, a chief flight instructor must have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with a
rating for the category and class of aircraft used in the course;
(2) At least 1,000 hours as pilot in command;
(3) Primary flight instruction experience, acquired as either a
certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot
primary flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of
at least--
(i) Two years and a total of 500 flight hours; or
(ii) 1,000 flight hours.
(c) For a course of training leading to the issuance of an
instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief flight
instructor must have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with an
appropriate instrument rating;
(2) At least 100 hours of flight time under actual or simulated
instrument conditions;
(3) At least 1,000 hours as pilot in command;
(4) Instrument flight instructor experience, acquired as either a
certificated instrument flight instructor or an instructor in a military
pilot basic or instrument flight training program, or a combination
thereof; consisting of at least--
(i) Two years and a total of 250 flight hours; or
(ii) 400 flight hours.
(d) For a course of training other than those that lead to the
issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, or an instrument
rating or a rating with instrument privileges, a chief flight instructor
must have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with a
rating for the category and class of aircraft used in the course of
training and, for a course of training using airplanes or airships, an
instrument rating on the instructor's commercial pilot certificate;
(2) At least 2,000 hours as pilot in command;
(3) Flight instruction experience, acquired as either a certificated
flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot primary or basic
flight training program or a combination thereof, consisting of at
least--
(i) Three years and a total of 1,000 flight hours; or
(ii) 1,500 flight hours.
(e) To be eligible for a designation as a chief instructor for a
ground school course, a person must have 1 year of
[[Page 10]]
experience as a ground school instructor in a certificated pilot school.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-4,
56 FR 11327, Mar. 15, 1991]
Sec. 141.36 Assistant chief instructor qualifications.
(a) To be eligible for a designation as an assistant chief flight
instructor for a course of training, a person must meet the following
requirements:
(1) Possess a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate,
(2) Meet the pilot-in-command recent flight experience requirements
of Sec. 61.57 of this chapter,
(3) Pass an oral test on teaching methods, applicable provisions of
the Airman's Information Manual, parts 61, 91, and 141 of this chapter,
and the objectives and approved course completion standards of the
course for which the person seeks to obtain designation,
(4) Pass a flight test on the flight procedures and maneuvers
appropriate to that course, and
(5) Meet the applicable requirements of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d)
of this section. However, an assistant chief flight instructor for a
course of training for gliders, free balloons, or airships is only
required to have 40 percent of the hours required in paragraphs (b) and
(c) of this section.
(b) For a course of training leading to the issuance of a private
pilot certificate or rating, an assistant chief flight instructor must
have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with a
rating for the category and class of aircraft used in the course;
(2) At least 500 hours as pilot in command;
(3) Primary flight instruction experience, acquired as either a
certificated flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot
primary flight training program, or a combination thereof, consisting of
at least--
(i) One year and a total of 250 flight hours; or
(ii) 500 flight hours.
(c) For a course of training leading to the issuance of an
instrument rating or a rating with instrument privileges, an assistant
chief flight instructor must have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with on
appropriate instrument rating;
(2) At least 50 hours of flight time under actual or simulated
instrument conditions;
(3) At least 500 hours as pilot in command;
(4) Instrument flight instructor experience, acquired as either a
certificated instrument flight instructor or an instructor in a military
pilot basic or instrument flight training program, or a combination
thereof, consisting of at least--
(i) One year and a total of 125 flight hours; or
(ii) 200 flight hours.
(d) For a course of training other than those that lead to the
issuance of a private pilot certificate or rating, or an instrument
rating or a rating with instrument privileges, an assistant chief flight
instructor must have--
(1) At least a commercial pilot or airline transport pilot
certificate and a valid flight instructor certificate, each with a
rating for the category and class of aircraft used in the course of
training and, for a course of training using airplanes or airships, an
instrument rating on the instructor's commercial pilot certificate;
(2) At least 1,000 hours as pilot in command;
(3) Flight instruction experience, acquired as either a certificated
flight instructor or an instructor in a military pilot primary or basic
flight training program or a combination thereof, consisting of at
least--
(i) One and one half years and a total of 500 flight hours; or
(ii) 750 flight hours.
(e) To be eligible for a designation as an assistant chief
instructor for a ground school course, a person must have one year of
experience as a ground school instructor in a certificated pilot school.
[Amdt. 141-4, 56 FR 11327, Mar. 15, 1991]
Sec. 141.37 Airports.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school certificate or a provisional
pilot school
[[Page 11]]
certificate must show that it has continuous use of each airport at
which training flights originate.
(b) Each airport used for airplanes and gliders must have at least
one runway or takeoff area that allows training aircraft to make a
normal takeoff or landing at full gross weight--
(1) Under calm wind (not more than five miles per hour) conditions
and temperatures equal to the mean high temperature for the hottest
month of the year in the operating area;
(2) Clearing all obstacles in the takeoff flight path by at least 50
feet;
(3) With the powerplant operation and landing gear and flap
operation, if applicable recommended by the manufacturer; and
(4) With smooth transition from liftoff to the best rate of climb
speed without exceptional piloting skills or techniques.
(c) Each airport must have a wind direction indicator that is
visible from the ends of each runway at ground level.
(d) Each airport must have a traffic direction indicator when the
airport has not operating control tower and UNICOM advisories are not
available.
(e) Each airport used for night training flights must have permanent
runway lights.
Sec. 141.39 Aircraft.
An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate must show that each aircraft used by that school for flight
instruction and solo flights meets the following requirements:
(a) It must be registered as a civil aircraft of the United States.
(b) Except for aircraft used for flight instruction and solo flights
in a course of training for agricultural aircraft operations, external
load operations and similar aerial work operations, it must be
certificated in the standard airworthiness category.
(c) It must be maintained and inspected in accordance with the
requirements of part 91 of this chapter that apply to aircraft used to
give flight instruction for hire.
(d) For use in flight instruction, it must be at least a two place
aircraft having engine power controls and flight controls that are
easily reached and that operate in a normal manner from both pilot
stations.
(e) For use in IFR en route operations and instrument approaches, it
must be equipped and maintained for IFR operations. However, for
instruction in the control and precision maneuvering of an aircraft by
reference to instruments, the aircraft may be equipped as provided in
the approved course of training.
Sec. 141.41 Ground trainers and training aids.
An applicant for a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate must show that its ground trainers, and training aids and
equipment meet the following requirements:
(a) Pilot ground trainers. (1) Each pilot ground trainer used to
obtain the maximum flight training credit allowed for ground trainers in
an approved pilot training course curriculum must have--
(i) An enclosed pilot's station or cockpit which accommodates one or
more flight crewmembers;
(ii) Controls to simulate the rotation of the trainer about three
axes;
(iii) The minimum instrumentation and equipment required for powered
aircraft in Sec. 91.205 of this chapter, for the type of flight
operations simulated;
(iv) For VFR instruction, a means for simulating visual flight
conditions, including motion of the trainer, or projections, or models
operated by the flight controls; and
(v) For IFR instruction, a means for recording the flight path
simulated by the trainer.
(2) Pilot ground trainers other than those covered under paragraph
(a)(1) of this section must have--
(i) An enclosed pilot's station or cockpit, which accommodates one
or more flight crewmembers;
(ii) Controls to simulate the rotation of the trainer about three
axes; and
(iii) The minimum instrumentation and equipment required for powered
aircraft in Sec. 91.205 of this chapter, for the type of flight
operations simulated.
(b) Training aids and equipment. Each training aid, including any
audio-visuals, mockup, chart, or aircraft component listed in the
approved
[[Page 12]]
training course outline must be accurate and appropriate to the course
for which it is used.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-11,
54 FR 34332, Aug. 18, 1989]
Sec. 141.43 Pilot briefing areas.
(a) An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate must show that it has the continuous use of a briefing area
located at each airport at which training flights originate, that is--
(1) Adequate to shelter students waiting to engage in their training
flights;
(2) Arranged and equipped for the conduct of pilot briefings; and
(3) For a school with an instrument or commercial pilot course
rating, equipped with private landline or telephone communication to the
nearest FAA Flight Service Station, except that this communication
equipment is not required if the briefing area and the flight service
station are located on the same airport and are readily accessible to
each other.
(b) A briefing area required by paragraph (a) of this section may
not be used by the applicant if it is available for use by any other
pilot school during the period it is required for use by the applicant.
Sec. 141.45 Ground training facilities.
An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate must show that each room, training booth, or other space
used for instructional purposes is heated, lighted, and ventilated to
conform to local building, sanitation, and health codes. In addition,
the training facility must be so located that the students in that
facility are not distracted by the instruction conducted in other rooms,
or by flight and maintenance operations on the airport.
Subpart C--Training Course Outline and Curriculum
Sec. 141.51 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the curriculum and course outline
requirements for the issuance of a pilot school or provisional pilot
school certificate and ratings.
Sec. 141.53 Training course outline: General.
(a) General. An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot
school certificate must obtain the Administrator's approval of the
outline of each training course for which certification and rating is
sought.
(b) Application. An application for the approval of an initial or
amended training course outline is made in triplicate to the FAA Flight
Standards District Office having jurisdiction over the area in which the
operations base of the applicant is located. It must be made at least 30
days before any training under that course, or any amendment thereto, is
scheduled to begin. An application for an amendment to an approved
training course must be accompanied by three copies of the pages in the
course outline for which an amendment is requested.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 141.55 Training course outline: Contents.
(a) General. The outline for each course of training for which
approval is requested must meet the minimum curriculum for that course
prescribed in the appropriate appendix of this part, and contain the
following information:
(1) A description of each room used for ground training, including
its size and the maximum number of students that may be instructed in
the room at one time.
(2) A description of each type of audio-visual aid, projector, tape
recorder, mockup, aircraft component and other special training aid used
for ground training.
(3) A description of each pilot ground trainer used for instruction.
(4) A listing of the airports at which training flights originate
and a description of the facilities, including pilot briefing areas that
are available for use by the students and operating personnel at each of
those airports.
[[Page 13]]
(5) A description of the type of aircraft including any special
equipment, used for each phase of instruction.
(6) The minimum qualifications and ratings for each instructor used
for ground or flight training.
(b) Training syllabus. In addition to the items specified in
paragraph (a) of this section, the course outline must include a
training syllabus for each course of training that includes at least the
following information:
(1) The pilot certificate and ratings, if any; the medical
certificate, if necessary; and the training, pilot experience and
knowledge, required for enrollment in the course.
(2) A description of each lesson, including its objectives and
standards and the measurable unit of student accomplishment or learning
to be derived from the lesson or course.
(3) The stage of training (including the standards therefor)
normally accomplished within each training period of not more than 90
days.
(4) A description of the tests and checks used to measure a
student's accomplishment for each stage of training.
Sec. 141.57 Special curricula.
An applicant for a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate may apply for approval to conduct a special course of pilot
training for which a curriculum is not prescribed in the appendixes to
this part, if it shows that the special course of pilot training
contains features which can be expected to achieve a level of pilot
competency equivalent to that achieved by the curriculum prescribed in
the appendixes to this part or the requirements of part 61 of this
chapter.
Subpart D--Examining Authority
Sec. 141.61 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the requirements for the issuance of an
examining authority to the holder of a pilot school certificate and the
privileges and limitations of that authority.
Sec. 141.63 Application and qualification.
(a) Application for an examining authority is made on a form and in
a manner prescribed by the Administrator.
(b) To be eligible for an examining authority an applicant must hold
a pilot school certificate. In addition, the applicant must show that--
(1) It has actively conducted a certificated pilot school for at
least 24 months before the date of application; and
(2) Within the 24 months before the date of application for the
examining authority, at least 10 students were graduated from the course
for which the authority is requested, and at least 9 of the most recent
10 graduates of that course, who were given an interim or final test by
an FAA inspector or a designated pilot examiner, passed that test the
first time.
Sec. 141.65 Privileges.
The holder of an examining authority may recommend graduates of the
school's approved certification courses for pilot certificates and
ratings except flight instructor certificates, airline transport pilot
certificates and ratings, and turbojet type ratings, without taking the
FAA flight or written test, or both, in accordance with the provisions
of this subpart.
Sec. 141.67 Limitations and reports.
(a) The holder of an examining authority may not recommend any
person for the issuance of a pilot certificate or rating without taking
the FAA written or flight test unless that person has--
(1) Been enrolled by the holder of the examining authority in its
approved course of training for the particular pilot certificate or
rating recommended; and
(2) Satisfactorily completed all of that course of training at its
school.
(b) Each final written or flight test given by the holder of an
examining authority to a person who has completed the approved course of
training must be at least equal in scope, depth, and difficulty to the
comparable written or flight test prescribed by the Administrator under
part 61 of this chapter.
(c) A final ground school written test may not be given by the
holder of an
[[Page 14]]
examining authority to a student enrolled in its approved course of
training unless the test has been approved by the FAA Flight Standards
District Office having jurisdiction over the area in which the holder of
the examining authority is located. In addition, an approved test may
not be given by the holder of an examining authority when--
(1) It knows or has reason to believe that the test has been
compromised; or
(2) It has been notified that the Flight Standards District Office
knows or has reason to believe that the test has been compromised.
(d) The holder of an examining authority shall submit to the FAA
Flight Standards District Office a copy of the appropriate training
record for each person recommended by it for a pilot certificate or
rating.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Subpart E--Operating Rules
Sec. 141.71 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the operating rules that are applicable to a
pilot school or provisional pilot school certificated under the
provisions of this part.
Sec. 141.73 Privileges.
(a) The holder of a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate may advertise and conduct approved pilot training courses in
accordance with the certificate and ratings that it holds.
(b) A certificate pilot school holding an examining authority for a
certification course may recommend each graduate of that course for the
issuance of a pilot certificate and rating appropriate to that course
without the necessity of taking an FAA written or flight test from an
FAA inspector or designated pilot examiner.
Sec. 141.75 Aircraft requirements.
(a) A pretakeoff and prelanding checklist, and the operator's
handbook for the aircraft (if one is furnished by the manufacturer) or
copies of the handbook if furnished to each student using the aircraft,
must be carried on each aircraft used for flight instruction and solo
flights.
(b) Each aircraft used for flight instruction and solo flight must
have a standard airworthiness certificate, except that an aircraft
certificated in the restricted category may be used for flight training
and solo flights conducted under special courses for agricultural
aircraft operation, external load operations, and similar aerial work
operations if its use for training is not prohibited by the operating
limitations for the aircraft.
Sec. 141.77 Limitations.
(a) The holder of a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate may not issue a graduation certificate to a student, nor may
a certificated pilot school recommend a student for a pilot certificate
or rating, unless the student has completed the training therefor
specified in the school's course of training and passed the required
final tests.
(b) The holder of a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate may not graduate a student from a course of training unless
he has completed all of the curriculum requirements of that course. A
student may be credited, but not for more than one-half of the
curriculum requirements, with previous pilot experience and knowledge,
based upon an appropriate flight check or test by the school. Course
credits may be transferred from one certificated school to another. The
receiving school shall determine the amount to be transferred, based on
a flight check or written test, or both, of the student. Credit for
training and instruction received in another school may not be given
unless--
(1) The other school holds a certificate issued under this part and
certifies to the kind and amount of training and to the result of each
stage and final test given to that student;
(2) The training and instruction was conducted by the other school
in accordance with that school's approved training course; and
(3) The student was enrolled in the other school's approved training
course before he received the instruction and training.
[[Page 15]]
Sec. 141.79 Flight instruction.
(a) No person other than a flight instructor who has the ratings and
the minimum qualifications specified in the approved training course
outline may give a student flight instruction under an approved course
of training.
(b) No student pilot may be authorized to start a solo practice
flight from an airport until the flight has been approved by an
authorized flight instructor who is present at that airport.
(c) Each chief flight instructor must complete at least once each 12
months, an approved flight instructor refresher course consisting of
ground or flight instruction, or both.
(d) Each flight instructor for an approved course of training must
satisfactorily accomplish a flight check given to him by the designated
chief flight instructor for the school by whom he is employed. He must
also satisfactorily accomplish this flight check each 12 months from the
month in which the initial check is given. In addition, he must
satisfactorily accomplish a flight check in each type of aircraft in
which he gives instruction.
(e) An instructor may not be used in an approved course of training
until he has been briefed in regard to the objectives and standards of
the course by the designated chief instructor or his assistant.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-5,
59 FR 17646, Apr. 13, 1994]
Sec. 141.81 Ground training.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each
instructor used for ground training in an approved course of training
must hold a flight or ground instructor certificate with an appropriate
rating for the course of training.
(b) A person who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of
this section may be used for ground training in an approved course of
training if--
(1) The chief instructor for that course of training finds him
qualified to give that instruction; and
(2) The instruction is given under the direct supervision of the
chief instructor or the assistant chief instructor who is present at the
base when the instruction is given.
(c) An instructor may not be used in an approved course of training
until he has been briefed in regard to the objectives and standards of
that course by the designated chief instructor or his assistant.
Sec. 141.83 Quality of instruction.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate must comply with the approved course of training and must
provide training and instruction of such quality that at least 8 out of
the 10 students or graduates of that school most recently tested by an
FAA inspector or designated pilot examiner, passed on their first
attempt either of the following tests:
(1) A test for a pilot certificate or rating, or for an operating
privilege appropriate to the course from which the student graduated; or
(2) A test given to a student to determine his competence and
knowledge of a completed stage of the training course in which he is
enrolled.
(b) The failure of a certificated pilot school or provisional pilot
school to maintain the quality of instruction specified in paragraph (a)
of this section is considered to be the basis for the suspension or
revocation of the certificate held by that school.
(c) The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate shall allow the Administrator to make any test, flight
check, or examination of its students to determine compliance with its
approved course of training and the quality of its instruction and
training. A flight check conducted under the provisions of this
paragraph is based upon the standards prescribed in the school's
approved course of training. However, if the student has completed a
course of training for a pilot certificate or rating, the flight test is
based upon the standards prescribed in part 61 of this chapter.
Sec. 141.85 Chief instructor responsibilities.
(a) Each person designated as a chief instructor for a certificated
pilot school or provisional pilot school shall be responsible for--
[[Page 16]]
(1) Certifying training records, graduation certificates, stage and
final test reports, and student recommendations;
(2) Conducting an initial proficiency check of each instructor
before he is used in an approved course of instruction and, thereafter,
at least once each 12 months from the month in which the initial check
was conducted;
(3) Conducting each stage or final test given to a student enrolled
in an approved course of instruction; and
(4) Maintaining training techniques, procedures, and standards for
the school that are acceptable to the Administrator.
(b) The chief instructor or designated assistant chief instructor
shall be available at the pilot school or, if away from the premises, by
telephone, radio, or other electronic means during the time that
instruction is given for an approved course of training.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-4,
56 FR 11328, Mar. 15, 1991]
Sec. 141.87 Change of chief instructor.
(a) The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate shall immediately notify in writing the FAA Flight Standards
District Office having jurisdiction over the area in which the school is
located, of any change in its designation of a chief instructor of an
approved training course.
(b) The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate may, after providing the notification required in paragraph
(a) of this section and pending the designation and approval of another
chief instructor, conduct training or instruction without a chief
instructor for that course of training for a period of not more than 60
days. However, during that time each stage or final test of a student
enrolled in that approved course of training must be given by an FAA
inspector, or a designated pilot examiner.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 141.89 Maintenance of personnel, facilities, and equipment.
The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school certificate
may not give instruction or training to a student who is enrolled in an
approved course of training unless--
(a) Each airport, aircraft, and facility necessary for that
instruction or training meets the standards specified in the holder's
approved training course outline and the appropriate requirements of
this part; and
(b) Except as provided in Sec. 141.87, each instructor or chief
instructor meets the qualifications specified in the holder's approved
course of training and the appropriate requirements of this part.
Sec. 141.91 Satellite bases.
The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school certificate
may conduct ground or flight training and instruction in an approved
course of training at a base other than its main operations base if--
(a) An assistant chief instructor is designated for each satellite
base, and that assistant chief instructor shall be available at the
satellite pilot school or, if away from the premises, by telephone,
radio, or other electronic means during the time that instruction is
given for an approved course of training;
(b) The airport, facilities, and personnel used at the satellite
base meet the appropriate requirements of subpart B of this part and its
approved training course outline;
(c) The instructors are under the direct supervision of the chief
flight instructor or assistant chief flight instructor for the
appropriate training course, who is readily available for consultation
in accordance with Sec. 141.85(b); and
(d) The FAA Flight Standards District Office having juridiction over
the area in which the school is located is notified in writing if
training or instruction is conducted there for more than seven
consecutive days.
[Doc. No. 12457, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989; Amdt. 141-4, 56 FR 11328, Mar. 15, 1991]
Sec. 141.93 Enrollment.
(a) The holder of a pilot school or a provisional pilot school
certificate shall furnish each student, at the time
[[Page 17]]
he is enrolled in each approved training course, with the following:
(1) A certificate of enrollment containing--
(i) The name of the course in which he is enrolled; and
(ii) The date of that enrollment.
(2) A copy of the training syllabus required under Sec. 141.55(b).
(3) A copy of the safety procedures and practices developed by the
school covering the use of its facilities and the operation of its
aircraft, including instructions on the following:
(i) The weather minimums required by the school for dual and solo
flights.
(ii) The procedures for starting and taxiing aircraft on the ramp.
(iii) Fire precautions and procedures.
(iv) Redispatch procedures after unprogrammed landings, on and off
airports.
(v) Aircraft discrepancies and write offs.
(vi) Securing of aircraft when not in use.
(vii) Fuel reserves necessary for local and cross-country flights.
(viii) Avoidance of other aircraft in flight and on the ground.
(ix) Minimum altitude limitations and simulated emergency landing
instructions.
(x) Description and use of assigned practice areas.
(b) The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate shall, within 5 days after the date of enrollment, forward a
copy of each certificate of enrollment required by paragraph (a)(1) of
this section to the FAA Flight Standards District Office having
jurisdiction over the area in which the school is located.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-3,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 141.95 Graduation certificate.
(a) The holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate shall issue a graduation certificate to each student who
completes its approved course of training.
(b) The certificate shall be issued to the student upon his
completion of the course of training and contain at least the following
information:
(1) The name of the school and the number of the school certificate.
(2) The name of the graduate to whom it was issued.
(3) The course of training for which it was issued.
(4) The date of graduation.
(5) A statement that the student has satisfactorily completed each
required stage of the approved course of training including the tests
for those stages.
(6) A certification of the information contained in the certificate
by the chief instructor for that course of training.
(7) A statement showing the cross-country training the student
received in the course of training.
Subpart F--Records
Sec. 141.101 Training records.
(a) Each holder of a pilot school or provisional pilot school
certificate shall establish and maintain a current and accurate record
of the participation and accomplishment of each student enrolled in an
approved course of training conducted by the school (the student's
logbook is not acceptable for this record). The record shall include--
(1) The date the student was enrolled;
(2) A chronological log of the student's attendance, subjects, and
flight operations covered in his training and instruction, and the names
and grades of any tests taken by the student; and
(3) The date the student graduated, terminated his training, or
transferred to another school.
(b) Whenever a student graduates, terminates his training, or
transfers to another school, his record shall be certified to that
effect by the chief instructor.
(c) The holder of a certificate for a pilot school or a provisional
pilot school shall retain each student record required by this section
for at least 1 year from the date that the student graduates from the
course to which the record pertains, terminates his enrollment in that
course, or transfers to another school.
(d) The holder of a certificate for a pilot school or a provisional
pilot school shall, upon request of a student, make a copy of his record
available to him.
[[Page 18]]
Appendix A to Part 141--Private Pilot Certification Course (Airplanes)
1. Applicability. This Appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a private pilot certification course (airplanes) required by
Sec. 141.55.
2. Ground training. The course must consist of at least 35 hours of
ground training in the following subjects:
(a) The Federal Aviation Regulations applicable to private pilot
privileges, limitations, and flight operations; the rules of the
National Transportation Safety Board pertaining to accident reporting;
the use of the Airman's Information Manual; and the FAA Advisory
Circular System.
(b) VFR navigation using pilotage, dead reckoning, and radio aids.
(c) The recognition of critical weather situations from the ground
and in flight and the procurement and use of aeronautical weather
reports and forecasts.
(d) The safe and efficient operation of airplanes, including high
density airport operations, collision avoidance precautions, and radio
communication procedures.
(e) Stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
techniques.
3. Flight training.
(a) The course must consist of at least 35 hours of the flight
training listed in this section and section 4 of this Appendix.
Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of
Sec. 141.41(a)(1) may be credited for not more than 5 of the required 35
hours of flight time. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets
the requirement of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not more than
2.5 hours of the required 35 hours of flight time.
(b) Each training flight must include a preflight briefing and a
postflight critique of the student by the instructor assigned to that
flight.
(c) Flight training must consist of at least 20 hours of instruction
in the following subjects:
(1) Preflight operations, including weight and balance
determination, line inspection, starting and runups, and airplane
servicing.
(2) Airport and traffic pattern operations, including operations at
controlled airports, radio communications, and collision avoidance
precautions.
(3) Flight maneuvering by reference to ground objects.
(4) Flight at slow airspeeds with realistic distractions,
recognition of and recovery from stalls entered from straight flight and
from turns.
(5) Normal and crosswind takeoffs and landings.
(6) Control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to
instruments, including emergency descents and climbs using radio aids or
radar directives.
(7) Cross-country flying using pilotage, dead reckoning, and radio
aids, including a two-hour dual flight at least part of which must be on
Federal airways.
(8) Maximum performance takeoffs and landings.
(9) Night flying, including 5 takeoffs and landings as sole
manipulator of the controls, and VFR navigation.
(10) Emergency operations, including simulated aircraft and
equipment malfunctions, lost procedures, and emergency go-arounds.
4. Solo flights. The course must provide at least 15 hours of solo
flights, including:
(a) Solo practice. Directed solo practice on all VFR flight
operations for which flight instruction is required (except simulated
emergencies) to develop proficiency, resourcefulness, and self-reliance.
(b) Cross-country flights. (1) Ten hours of cross-country flights,
each flight with a landing at a point more than 50 nautical miles from
the original departure point. One flight must be of at least 300
nautical miles with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which
is at least 100 nautical miles from the original departure point.
(2) If a pilot school or a provisional pilot school shows that it is
located on an island from which cross-country flights cannot be
accomplished without flying over water more than 10 nautical miles from
the nearest shoreline, it need not include cross-country flights under
paragraph (1) of this paragraph. However, if other airports that permit
civil operations are available to which a flight may be made without
flying over water more than 10 nautical miles from the nearest
shoreline, the school must include in its course, two round trip solo
flights between those airports that are farthest apart, including a
landing at each airport on both flights.
5. Stage and final tests. (a) Each student enrolled in a private
pilot certification course must satisfactorily accomplish the stage and
final tests prescribed in this section. The written tests may not be
credited for more than 3 hours of the 35 hours of required ground
training, and the flight tests may not be credited for more than 4 hours
of the 35 hours of required flight training.
(b) Each student must satisfactorily accomplish a written
examination at the completion of each stage of training specified in the
approved training syllabus for the private pilot certification course
and a final test at the conclusion of that course.
(c) Each student must satisfactorily accomplish a flight test at the
completion of the first solo flight and at the completion of
[[Page 19]]
the first solo cross-country flight and at the conclusion of that
course.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974; 39 FR 25473, July 11, 1974,
as amended by Amdt. 141-1, 47 FR 46066, Oct. 14, 1982; Amdt. 141-4, 56
FR 11328, Mar. 15, 1991]
Appendix B to Part 141--Private Test Course (Airplanes)
1. Applicability. This Appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a private test course (airplanes) required by Sec. 141.55.
2. Experience. For enrollment as a student in a private test course
(airplanes) an applicant must--
(a) Have logged at least 30 hours of flight time as a pilot; and
(b) Have such experience and flight training that upon completion of
his approved private test course (airplanes) he will meet the
aeronautical experience requirements prescribed in part 61 of this
chapter for a private pilot certificate.
3. Ground training. The course must consist of at least 35 hours of
ground training in the subjects listed in section 2 of Appendix A of
this part.
4. Flight training. (a) The course must consist of a total of at
least 10 hours of flight instruction in the subjects listed in section
3(c) of Appendix A of this part.
(b) Each training flight must include a preflight briefing and a
postflight critique of the student by the instructor assigned to that
flight.
5. Stage and final tests. Each student enrolled in the course must
satisfactorily accomplish the final tests prescribed in Sec. 5 of
Appendix A of this part. Written tests may not be credited for more than
3 hours of the required 35 hours of ground training, and the flight
tests may not be credited for more than 2 hours of the required 10 hours
of flight training.
Appendix C to Part 141--Instrument Rating Course (Airplanes)
1. Applicability. This Appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a training course for an Instrument Rating Course (airplanes)
required by Sec. 141.55.
2. Ground training. The course must consist of at least 30 hours of
ground training instruction in the following subjects:
(a) The Federal Aviation Regulations that apply to flight under IFR
conditions, the IFR air traffic system and procedures, and the
provisions of the Airman's Information Manual pertinent to IFR flights.
(b) Dead reckoning appropriate to IFR navigation, IFR navigation by
radio aids using the VOR, ADF, and ILS systems, and the use of IFR
charts and instrument approach procedure charts.
(c) The procurement and use of aviation weather reports and
forecasts, and the elements of forecasting weather trends on the basis
of that information and personal observation of weather conditions.
(d) The function, use, and limitations of flight instruments
required for IFR flight, including transponders, radar and radio aids to
navigation.
3. Flight training. The course must consist of at least 35 hours of
instrument flight instruction given by an appropriately rated flight
instructor, covering the operations listed in paragraphs (a) through (d)
of this section. Instruction given by an authorized instructor in a
pilot ground trainer which meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1)
may be credited for not more than 15 hours of the required flight
instruction. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the
requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not more than 7.5
of the required 35 hours of flight time.
(a) Control and accurate maneuvering of an airplane solely by
reference to flight instruments.
(b) IFR navigation by the use of VOR and ADF systems, including
time, speed and distance computations and compliance with air traffic
control instructions and procedures.
(c) Instrument approaches to published minimums using the VOR, ADF,
and ILS systems (instruction in the use of the ILS glide slope may be
given in an instrument ground trainer or with an airborne ILS
simulator).
(d) Cross-country flying in simulated or actual IFR conditions, on
Federal airways or as routed by ATC, including one such trip of at least
250 nautical miles including VOR, ADF, and ILS approaches at different
airports.
(e) Emergency procedures appropriate to the maneuvering of an
airplane solely by reference to flight instruments.
4. Stage and final tests.
(a) Each student must satisfactorily accomplish a written test at
the completion of each stage of training specified in the approved
training syllabus for the instrument rating course. In addition, he must
satisfactorily accomplish a final written test at the conclusion of that
course. The written tests may not be credited for more than 5 hours of
the 30 hours of required ground training.
(b) Each student must satisfactorily accomplish a flight stage test
at the completion of each operation listed in paragraphs (a), (b), and
(c) of section 3 of this Appendix. In addition, he must satisfactorily
accomplish a final flight test at the completion of the course. The
stage and final tests may not be credited for more than 5 hours of the
required 35 hours of flight training.
[[Page 20]]
Appendix D to Part 141--Commercial Pilot Certification Course
(Airplanes)
1. Applicability. This Appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a commercial pilot certification course (airplanes) required by
Sec. 141.55.
2. Ground training. The course must consist of at least 100 hours of
ground training instruction in the following subjects:
(a) The ground training subjects prescribed in section 2 of Appendix
A of this part for a private pilot certification course, except the
private pilot privileges and limitations of paragraph (a) of that
section.
(b) The ground training subjects prescribed in section 2 of Appendix
C of this part 141 for an Instrument Rating Course.
(c) The Federal Aviation Regulations covering the privileges,
limitations, and operations of a commercial pilot, and the operations
for which an air taxi/commercial operator, agricultural aircraft
operator, and external load operator certificate, waiver, or exemption
is required.
(d) Basic aerodynamics, and the principles of flight which apply to
airplanes.
(e) The safe and efficient operation of airplanes, including
inspection and certification requirements, operating limitations, high
altitude operations and physiological considerations, loading
computations, the significance of the use of airplane performance
speeds, the computations involved in runway and obstacle clearance and
crosswind component considerations, and cruise control.
3. Flight training--(a) General. The course must consist of at least
190 hours of the flight training and instruction prescribed in this
section. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the
requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1) may be credited for not more than 40
hours of the required 190 hours of flight time. Instruction in a pilot
ground trainer that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be
credited for not more than 20 hours of the required 190 hours of flight
time.
(b) Flight instruction. The course must consist of at least 75 hours
of instruction in the operations listed in subparagraphs (1) through (6)
of this paragraph. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the
requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1) may be credited for not more than 20
hours of the required 75 hours. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer
that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not
more than 10 hours of the required 75 hours.
(1) The pilot operations for the Private Pilot Course prescribed in
section 3 of Appendix A of this part.
(2) The IFR operations for the Instrument Rating Course prescribed
in section 3 of Appendix C of this part.
(3) Ten hours of flight instruction in an airplane with retractable
gear, flaps, a controllable propeller, and powered by at least 180 hp.
engine.
(4) Night flying, including a cross-country night flight with a
landing at a point more than 100 miles from the point of departure.
(5) Normal and maximum performance takeoffs and landings using
precision approaches and prescribed airplane performance speeds,
including operations at maximum authorized takeoff weight.
(6) Emergency procedures appropriate to VFR and IFR flight and to
the operation of complex airplane systems.
(c) Solo practice. The course must consist of at least 100 hours of
the flights listed in paragraphs (1) through (4) of this paragraph.
Flight time as pilot in command of an airplane carrying only those
persons who are pilots assigned by the school to specific flight crew
duties on the flight may be credited for not more than 50 hours of that
requirement.
(1) Directed solo practice on each VFR operation for which flight
instruction is required (except simulated emergencies).
(2) At least 40 hours of solo cross-country flights, each flight
with a landing at a point more than 50 nautical miles from the original
departure point. One flight must have landings at a minimum of three
points, one of which is at least 150 nautical miles from the original
departure point if the flight is conducted in Hawaii, or at least 250
nautical miles from the original departure point if it is conducted
elsewhere.
(3) At least 5 hours of pilot in command time in an airplane
described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section, including not less than
10 takeoffs and 10 landings to a full stop.
(4) At least 5 hours of night flight, including at least 10 takeoffs
and 10 landings to a full stop.
4. Stage and final tests--(a) Written examinations. Each student
enrolled in the course must satisfactorily accomplish a written test
upon the completion of each stage of training specified in the approved
training syllabus for the commercial pilot certification course. In
addition, he must satisfactorily accomplish a final stage test at the
completion of all of that course. The stage and final tests may be
credited for not more than 6 hours of the required 100 hours of ground
training.
(b) Flight tests. Each student enrolled in a commercial pilot
certification course (airplanes) must satisfactorily accomplish a stage
flight test at the completion of each of the stages listed in paragraphs
(1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), of this paragraph. In addition, he must
satisfactorily accomplish a final test at the completion of all of those
stages. The stage and final tests may not be credited for more than 10
hours of the required 190 hours of flight training.
[[Page 21]]
(1) Solo.
(2) Cross-country.
(3) High performance airplane operations.
(4) IFR operations.
(5) Commercial Pilot Course test, VFR and IFR.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-1,
47 FR 46066, Oct. 14, 1982]
Appendix E to Part 141--Commercial Test Course (Airplanes)
1. Applicability. This Appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a commercial test course (airplanes) required by Sec. 141.55.
2. Experience. For enrollment as a student in a commercial test
course (airplanes) an applicant must--
(a) Hold a valid private pilot certificate;
(b) Hold a valid instrument rating, or be enrolled in an approved
instrument rating course; and
(c) Have such experience and flight training that upon completion of
his approved commercial test course he will meet the aeronautical
experience requirements prescribed in part 61 of this chapter for a
commercial pilot certificate.
3. Ground training. The course must consist of at least 50 hours of
ground training instruction in the following subjects:
(a) A review of the ground training subjects prescribed in section 2
of appendix A of this part 141 for a private pilot certification.
(b) A review of the ground training subjects prescribed in section 2
of appendix C of this part 141 for an instrument rating course.
(c) The Federal Aviation Regulations covering the privileges,
limitations, and operations of a commercial pilot, and the operations
for which an air taxi/commercial operator, agricultural aircraft
operator, and external load operator certificate, waiver or exemption is
required.
(d) Basic aerodynamics, and the principles of flight that apply to
airplanes.
(e) The safe and efficient operation of airplanes, including
inspection and certification requirements, operating limitations, high
altitude operations and psysiological considerations, loading
computations, the significance and use of airplane performance speeds,
and computations involved in runway and obstacle clearance and crosswind
component considerations.
4. Flight training--(a) General. The course must consist of at least
25 hours of flight training prescribed in this section. Instruction in a
pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1)
may be credited for not more than 20 per cent of the total number of
hours of flight time. Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets
the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not more than
10 per cent of the total number of hours of flight time.
(b) Flight instruction. The course must consist of at least 20 hours
of flight instruction in the subjects listed in subparagraphs (1)
through (3) of this paragraph. Instruction in a ground trainer that
meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1) may be credited for not more
than 4 hours of the required 20 hours. Instruction in a ground trainer
that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not
more than 2 hours of the required 20 hours.
(1) A review of the VFR operations prescribed in section 3 of
Appendix A of this part for a private course.
(2) A review of the IFR operations prescribed in section 3 of
Appendix C of this part for an instrument rating course.
(3) A review of the VFR operations prescribed in section 3(b)(3)
through (6) of Appendix D of this part for a commercial pilot
certification course.
(c) Directed solo practice. If the course includes directed solo
practice necessary to develop the flight proficiency of each student,
the practice may not exceed a ratio of 3 hours of directed solo practice
for each hour of the flight instruction required by the school's
approved course outline.
5. Stage and final tests--(a) Written tests. Each student enrolled
in the course must satisfactorily accomplish a stage test upon the
completion of each stage of training specified in the approved training
syllabus for the commercial test course. In addition, he must
satisfactorily accomplish a final test at the conclusion of that course.
The stage and final tests may not be credited for more than 4 hours of
the required 50 hours of ground training.
(b) Flight tests. Each student enrolled in the course must
satisfactorily accomplish a final test at the completion of the course.
However, if the approved course of training exceeds 35 hours he must be
given a test at an appropriate stage prior to completion of 35 hours of
flight training. The flight tests may not be credited for more than 3 of
the required hours of flight training.
(c) Total flight experience. The approved training course outline
must specify the minimum number of hours of flight instruction and
directed solo practice (if any) that is provided for each student under
the requirements of paragraphs (b) and (c) of section 4 of this
appendix. The total number of hours of all flight training given to a
student under this section and the minimum experience required for
enrollment under section 2 of this appendix must meet the minimum
aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.129 of this chapter for
the issuance of a commercial pilot certificate.
[[Page 22]]
Appendix F to Part 141--Rotorcraft, Gliders, Lighter-than-air Aircraft
and Aircraft Rating Courses
A. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a pilot certification course for a rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-
air aircraft, or aircraft rating, required by Sec. 141.55.
B. General Requirements. The course must be comparable in scope,
depth, and detail with the curriculum prescribed in Appendices A through
D of this part for a pilot certification course (airplanes) with the
same rating. Each course must provide ground and flight training
covering the aeronautical knowledge and skill items required by part 61
of this chapter for the certificate or rating concerned. In addition,
each course must meet the appropriate requirements of this appendix.
C. Rotorcraft--I. Kinds of rotorcraft pilot certification courses.
An approved rotorcraft pilot certification course includes--
(a) A helicopter or gyroplane course--private pilots;
(b) A helicopter or gyroplane course--commercial pilots; and
(c) An instrument rating--helicopter.
II. Helicopter or gyroplane course: Private pilots.
(a) A private pilot certification course for helicopters or
gyroplanes must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--35 hours.
(2) Flight training--35 hours, including the following:
(i) Flight instruction--20 hours.
(ii) Solo practice--10 hours, including a flight with landings at
three points, each of which is more than 25 nautical miles from the
other two points.
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 3 hours
of the 35 hours of ground training, and for not more than 4 hours of the
35 hours of flight training required by paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of
this section.
III. Helicopter or gyroplane course--commercial pilots. (a) A
commercial pilot certification course of training for helicopters or
gyroplanes must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--65 hours.
(2) Flight training--150 hours of flight training at least 50 hours
of which must be in helicopters or gyroplanes.
The flight training must include the following:
(i) Flight instruction--50 hours.
(ii) Directed solo--100 hours (including a cross-country flight with
landings at three points, each of which is more than 50 nautical miles
from the other two points).
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 5 hours
of the required 65 hours of ground training, and for not more than 7
hours of the required 150 hours of flight training prescribed in
paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
IV. Instrument rating--helicopter course. (a) An instrument rating--
helicopter course of training must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--35 hours.
(2) Instrument flight training--35 hours. Instrument instruction in
a pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1)
may be credited for not more than 10 hours of the required 35 hours of
flight training. Instruction in a ground trainer that meets the
requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not more than 5
hours of the required 35 hours. The instrument flight instruction must
include a 100-mile simulated or actual IFR cross-country flight, and 25
hours of flight instruction.
(3) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 5 hours
of the 35 hours of required ground training, and not more than 5 hours
of the 35 hours of instrument training.
D. Gliders--I. Kinds of glider pilot certification courses. An
approved glider certification course includes--
(a) A glider course--private pilots; and
(b) A glider course--commercial pilots.
II. Glider course: Private pilot. A private pilot certification
course for gliders must consist of at least the following:
(a) Ground training--15 hours.
(b) Flight training--8 hours (including 35 flights if ground tows
are used, or 20 flights if aero tows are used). The flight training must
include the following:
(1) Flight instruction--2 hours (including 20 flights if ground tows
are used or 15 flights if aero tows are used).
(2) Directed solo--5 hours (including at least 15 flights if ground
tows are used or 5 flights if aero tows are used).
(c) Stage and flight tests may be credited for not more than one
hour of the 15 hours of ground training, and for not more than one-half
hour of the 2 hours of flight instruction required by paragraphs (a)(1)
and (a)(2) of this section.
III. Glider course: Commercial pilot. (a) An approved commercial
pilot certification course for gliders must consist of at least the
following:
(1) Ground training--25 hours.
(2) Flight training--20 hours of flight time in gliders (consisting
of at least 50 flights), including the following:
(i) Flight instruction--8 hours.
(ii) Directed solo--10 hours.
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 2 hours
of the 25 hours of ground training, and for not more than 2 hours of the
20 hours of flight training required by paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of
this section.
[[Page 23]]
E. Lighter-than-air aircraft--I. Kinds of lighter-than-air pilot
certification courses. An approved lighter-than-air pilot certification
course includes--
(a) An airship course--private pilot;
(b) A free balloon course--private pilot;
(c) An airship course--commercial pilot; and
(d) A free balloon course--commercial pilot.
II. Airship--private pilot. (a) A private pilot certification course
for an airship must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--35 hours.
(2) Flight training--50 hours (45 hours must be in airships),
including the following:
(i) Flight instruction--20 hours in airships.
(ii) Directed solo, or performing the functions of a pilot in
command of an airship for which more than one pilot is required--10
hours.
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 5 hours
of the 35 hours of ground training, and not more than 5 hours of the 50
hours of flight training required by paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of
this section.
III. Free balloon course; private pilot. (a) A private pilot course
for a free balloon must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--10 hours.
(2) Flight training--6 free flights, including--
(i) Two flights of one hour duration each if a gas balloon is used,
or of 30 minutes duration if a hot air balloon is used;
(ii) At least one solo flight; and
(iii) One ascent under control to 5,000 feet above the point of
takeoff if a gas balloon is used, or 3,000 feet above the point of
takeoff if a hot air balloon is used.
(b) The written and stage checks may be credited for not more than
one hour of the ground training, and not more than one of the 6 flights
required by paragraph (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section.
IV. Airship course--commercial pilot. (a) A commercial pilot course
for an airship must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--100 hours.
(2) Flight training--190 hours in airships as follows:
(i) Flight instruction--80 hours, including 30 hours instrument
time.
(ii) 100 hours of solo time, or flight time performing the functions
of a pilot in command in an airship that requires more than one pilot,
including 10 hours of cross-country flying and 10 hours of night flying.
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 6 hours
of the 100 hours of ground training, and not more than 10 hours of the
190 hours of flight training required by paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2),
respectively, of this section.
V. Free balloon course; commercial pilot. (a) A commercial pilot
certification course for free balloons must consist of at least the
following:
(1) Ground training--20 hours.
(2) Flight training--8 free flights, including--
(i) 2 flights of more than 2 hours duration if a gas balloon is
used, or 2 flights of more than 1 hour duration if a hot air balloon is
used;
(ii) 1 ascent under control to more than 10,000 feet above the
takeoff point if a gas balloon is used, or to more than 5,000 feet above
the takeoff point if a hot air balloon is used; and
(iii) 2 solo flights.
(b) Stage and final tests may be credited for not more than 2 hours
of the 20 hours of ground training, and not more than one of the flights
required by paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2), respectively, of this section.
F. Aircraft rating course--I. Kinds of aircraft rating courses. An
approved aircraft rating course includes--
(a) An aircraft category rating;
(b) An aircraft class rating; and
(c) An aircraft type rating.
II. Aircraft category rating. An aircraft category rating course
must include at least the ground training and flight instruction
required by part 61 of this chapter for the issuance of a pilot
certificate with a category rating appropriate to the course. However,
the Administrator may approve a lesser number of hours of ground
training, or flight instruction, or both, if the course provides for the
use of special training aids, such as ground procedures, trainers,
systems mockups, and audio-visual training materials, or requires
appropriate aeronautical experience of the students as a prerequisite
for enrollment in the course.
III. Aircraft class rating. An aircraft class rating course must
include at least the flight instruction required by part 61 of this
chapter for the issuance of a pilot certificate with a class rating
appropriate to the course.
IV. Aircraft type rating. (a) An aircraft type rating course must
include at least 10 hours of ground training on the aircraft systems,
performance, operation, and loading. In addition, it must include at
least 10 hours of flight instruction. Instruction in a pilot ground
trainer that meets the requirements of Sec. 141.41(a)(1) may be credited
for not more than 5 of the 10 hours of required flight instruction.
Instruction in a pilot ground trainer that meets the requirements of
Sec. 141.41(a)(2) may be credited for not more than 2.5 of the 10 hours
of required flight instruction.
(b) For airplanes that require type ratings, the aircraft type
rating course must include ground and flight training on the maneuvers
and procedures of part 61, appendix A that is
[[Page 24]]
appropriate to the airplane for which a type rating is sought.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-4,
56 FR 11328, Mar. 15, 1991]
Appendix G to Part 141--Pilot Ground School Course
1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
for a pilot ground school course required by Sec. 141.55.
2. General requirements. An approved course of training for a pilot
ground school course must contain the instruction necessary to provide
each student with adequate knowledge of those subjects needed to safely
exercise the privileges of the pilot certificate sought.
3. Ground training instruction. A pilot ground school course must
include at least the subjects and the number of hours of ground training
specified in the ground training section of the curriculum prescribed in
the appendixes to this part for the certification or test preparation
course to which the ground school course is directed.
4. Stage and final tests. Each student must pass a written test at
the completion of each stage of training specified in the approved
training syllabus for each ground training course in which he is
enrolled. In addition, he must pass a final written test at the
completion of the course. The stage and final tests may be credited
towards the total ground training time required for each certification
and test preparation course as provided in the curriculum prescribed in
the appendixes to this part for that course.
Appendix H to Part 141--Test Preparation Courses
1. Applicability. This appendix prescribes the minimum curriculum
required under Sec. 141.55 of this part 141 for each test preparation
course listed in Sec. 141.11.
2. General requirements.
(a) A test preparation course is eligible for approval if the
Administrator determines that it is adequate for a student enrolled in
that course, upon graduation, to safely exercise the privileges of the
certificate, rating, or authority for which the course is conducted.
(b) Each course for a test preparation must be equivalent in scope,
depth, and detail with the curriculum for the corresponding test course
prescribed in Appendices A, B, C, and D of this part 141. However, the
number of hours of ground training and flight training included in the
course must meet the curriculum prescribed in this appendix. (The
minimums prescribed in this appendix for each test preparation course
are based upon the amount of training that is required for students who
meet the total flight experience requirements prescribed in part 61 of
this chapter at the time of enrollment.)
(c) Minimum experience, knowledge, or skill, requirements necessary
as a prerequisite for enrollment are prescribed in the appropriate test
preparation courses contained in this appendix.
3. Flight instructor certification course.
(a) An approved course of training for a flight instructor
certification course must contain at least the following:
(1) Ground training--40 hours.
(2) Instructor training--25 hours, including--
(i) 10 hours of flight instruction in the analysis and performance
of flight training maneuvers, which for students enrolled in a flight
instructor airplane certification course and a flight instructor glider
certification course includes the satisfactory demonstration of stall
awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery techniques in an
aircraft of the appropriate category that is certificated for spins; and
(ii) 5 hours of practice ground instruction; and
(iii) 10 hours of practice flight instruction (with the instructor
in the aircraft).
(b) Credit for previous training of experience: A student may be
credited with the following training and experience acquired before his
enrollment in the course.
(1) Satisfactory completion of two years of study on the principles
of education in a college or university may be credited for 20 hours of
the required 40 hours of ground training prescribed in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section.
(2) One year of experience as a full-time instructor in an
institution of secondary or advanced education may be credited for 5
hours of the required practice ground instruction prescribed in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
(c) Prerequisite for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must hold--
(1) A commercial pilot certificate;
(2) A rating for the aircraft used in the course; and
(3) An instrument rating for enrollment in an airplane instructor
rating course.
4. Additional flight instructor rating courses.
(a) An approved course of training for an additional flight
instructor rating course must consist of at least the following:
(1) Ground training--20 hours.
(2) Instructor training (with an instructor in the aircraft). 20
hours, including--
(i) 10 hours, or 10 flights in a glider in the case of a glider
instructor rating course, performing analysis of flight training
maneuvers, which in the case of an airplane instructor rating course and
a glider instructor rating course includes the satisfactory
demonstration of stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
techniques in an aircraft of the appropriate category that is
certificated for spins; and
[[Page 25]]
(ii) 10 hours of practice flight instruction, or, in the case of
glider instructor rating course, 10 flights in a glider.
5. Additional instrument rating course (airplane or helicopter).
(a) An approved training course for an additional instrument rating
course must include at least the following:
(1) Ground training--15 hours.
(2) Flight instruction--15 hours.
(b) Prerequisites for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must hold a valid pilot certificate with an instrument rating,
and an aircraft rating for the aircraft used in the course.
6. Airline transport pilot test course.
(a) An approved training course for an airline transport pilot test
course must include at least the following:
(1) Ground training--40 hours.
(2) Flight instruction--25 hours, including at least 15 hours of
instrument flight instruction.
(3) In airplanes that require type ratings, the course must include
ground and flight training on the maneuvers and procedures of part 61,
appendix A that are appropriate to the airplane for which a type rating
is sought.
(b) Prerequisites for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must--
(1) Hold a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating
and a rating for the aircraft used in the course; and
(2) Meet the experience requirements of part 61 of this chapter for
the issuance of an airline transport pilot certificate.
7. Pilot certificate, aircraft or instrument rating refresher
course.
(a) An approved refresher training course for a pilot certificate,
aircraft rating, or an instrument rating must contain at least the
following:
(1) Ground training--4 hours.
(2) Flight instruction--6 hours, which may include not more than 2
hours of directed solo or pilot in command practice.
(b) Prerequisites for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must hold a valid pilot certificate with ratings appropriate to
the refresher course.
8. Agricultural aircraft operations course.
(a) An approved training course for pilots of agricultural aircraft
must include at least the following:
(1) Ground training--25 hours, including at least 15 hours on the
handling of agricultural and industrial chemicals.
(2) Flight instruction--15 hours, which may include not more than 5
hours of directed solo practice.
(b) Prerequisite for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must hold a valid commercial pilot certificate with a rating for
the aircraft used in the course.
9. Rotorcraft external-load operations course.
(a) An approved training course for pilots of a rotorcraft with an
external-load must contain at least the following:
(1) Ground training--10 hours.
(2) Flight instruction--15 hours.
(b) Prerequisite for enrollment. To be eligible for enrollment each
student must hold a valid commercial pilot certificate with a rating for
the rotorcraft used in the course.
[Doc. No. 12547, 39 FR 20152, June 6, 1974, as amended by Amdt. 141-4,
56 FR 11328, Mar. 15, 1991]
PART 142--TRAINING CENTERS--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General
Sec.
142.1 Applicability.
142.3 Definitions.
142.5 Certificate and training specifications required.
142.7 Duration of a certificate.
142.9 Deviations or waivers.
142.11 Application for issuance or amendment.
142.13 Management and personnel requirements.
142.15 Facilities.
142.17 Satellite training centers.
142.19 Foreign training centers: Special rules.
142.21-142.25 [Reserved]
142.27 Display of certificate.
142.29 Inspections.
142.31 Advertising limitations.
142.33 Training agreements.
Subpart B--Aircrew Curriculum and Syllabus Requirements
142.35 Applicability.
142.37 Approval of flight aircrew training program.
142.39 Training program curriculum requirements.
Subpart C--Personnel and Flight Training Equipment Requirements
142.45 Applicability.
142.47 Training center instructor eligibility requirements.
142.49 Training center instructor and evaluator privileges and
limitations.
142.51 [Reserved]
142.53 Training center instructor training and testing requirements.
142.55 Training center evaluator requirements.
142.57 Aircraft requirements.
142.59 Flight simulators and flight training devices.
[[Page 26]]
Subpart D--Operating Rules
142.61 Applicability.
142.63 Privileges.
142.65 Limitations.
Subpart E--Recordkeeping
142.71 Applicability.
142.73 Recordkeeping requirements.
Subpart F--Other Approved Courses
142.81 Conduct of other approved courses.
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 40119, 44101, 44701-44703,
44705, 44707, 44709-44711, 45102-45103, 45301-45302.
Source: Docket No. 26933, 61 FR 34562, July 2, 1996, unless
otherwise noted.
Subpart A-- General
Sec. 142.1 Applicability.
(a) This subpart prescribes the requirements governing the
certification and operation of aviation training centers. Except as
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this part provides an
alternative means to accomplish training required by parts 61, 63, 121,
125, 127, 135, or 137 of this chapter.
(b) Certification under this part is not required for training that
is--
(1) Approved under the provisions of parts 63, 121, 125, 127, 135,
and 137;
(2) Approved under SFAR 58, Advanced Qualification Programs, for the
authorization holder's own employees;
(3) Conducted under part 61 unless that part requires certification
under this part;
(4) Conducted by a part 121 certificate holder for another part 121
certificate holder; or
(5) Conducted by a part 135 certificate holder for another part 135
certificate holder.
(c) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, after
August 3, 1998, no person may conduct training, testing, or checking in
advanced flight training devices or flight simulators without, or in
violation of, the certificate and training specifications required by
this part.
Sec. 142.3 Definitions.
As used in this part:
Advanced Flight Training Device as used in this part, means a flight
training device as defined in part 61 of this chapter that has a cockpit
that accurately replicates a specific make, model, and type aircraft
cockpit, and handling characteristics that accurately model the aircraft
handling characteristics.
Core Curriculum means a set of courses approved by the
Administrator, for use by a training center and its satellite training
centers. The core curriculum consists of training which is required for
certification. It does not include training for tasks and circumstances
unique to a particular user.
Course means--
(1) A program of instruction to obtain pilot certification,
qualification, authorization, or currency;
(2) A program of instruction to meet a specified number of
requirements of a program for pilot training, certification,
qualification, authorization, or currency; or
(3) A curriculum, or curriculum segment, as defined in SFAR 58 of
part 121 of this chapter.
Courseware means instructional material developed for each course or
curriculum, including lesson plans, flight event descriptions, computer
software programs, audiovisual programs, workbooks, and handouts.
Evaluator means a person employed by a training center certificate
holder who performs tests for certification, added ratings,
authorizations, and proficiency checks that are authorized by the
certificate holder's training specification, and who is authorized by
the Administrator to administer such checks and tests.
Flight training equipment means flight simulators, as defined in
Sec. 61.1(a) of this chapter, flight training devices, as defined in
Sec. 61.1(a) of this chapter, and aircraft.
Instructor means a person employed by a training center and
designated to provide instruction in accordance with subpart C of this
part.
Line-Operational Simulation means simulation conducted using
operational-oriented flight scenarios that accurately replicate
interaction among flightcrew members and between flightcrew members and
dispatch facilities, other crewmembers, air traffic control, and ground
operations. Line
[[Page 27]]
operational simulation simulations are conducted for training and
evaluation purposes and include random, abnormal, and emergency
occurrences. Line operational simulation specifically includes line-
oriented flight training, special purpose operational training, and line
operational evaluation.
Specialty Curriculum means a set of courses that is designed to
satisfy a requirement of the Federal Aviation Regulations and that is
approved by the Administrator for use by a particular training center or
satellite training center. The specialty curriculum includes training
requirements unique to one or more training center clients.
Training center means an organization governed by the applicable
requirements of this part that provides training, testing, and checking
under contract or other arrangement to airmen subject to the
requirements of this chapter.
Training program consists of courses, courseware, facilities, flight
training equipment, and personnel necessary to accomplish a specific
training objective. It may include a core curriculum and a specialty
curriculum.
Training specifications means a document issued to a training center
certificate holder by the Administrator that prescribes that center's
training, checking, and testing authorizations and limitations, and
specifies training program requirements.
Sec. 142.5 Certificate and training specifications required.
(a) No person may operate a certificated training center without, or
in violation of, a training center certificate and training
specifications issued under this part.
(b) An applicant will be issued a training center certificate and
training specifications with appropriate limitations if the applicant
shows that it has adequate facilities, equipment, personnel, and
courseware required by Sec. 142.11 to conduct training approved under
Sec. 142.37.
Sec. 142.7 Duration of a certificate.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a training
center certificate issued under this part is effective until the
certificate is surrendered or until the Administrator suspends, revokes,
or terminates it.
(b) Unless sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked, a certificate
issued under this part for a training center located outside the United
States expires at the end of the twelfth month after the month in which
it is issued or renewed.
(c) If the Administrator suspends, revokes, or terminates a training
center certificate, the holder of that certificate shall return the
certificate to the Administrator within 5 working days after being
notified that the certificate is suspended, revoked, or terminated.
Sec. 142.9 Deviations or waivers.
(a) The Administrator may issue deviations or waivers from any of
the requirements of this part.
(b) A training center applicant requesting a deviation or waiver
under this section must provide the Administrator with information
acceptable to the Administrator that shows--
(1) Justification for the deviation or waiver; and
(2) That the deviation or waiver will not adversely affect the
quality of instruction or evaluation.
Sec. 142.11 Application for issuance or amendment.
(a) An application for a training center certificate and training
specifications shall--
(1) Be made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the
Administrator;
(2) Be filed with the FAA Flight Standards District Office that has
jurisdiction over the area in which the applicant's principal business
office is located; and
(3) Be made at least 120 calendar days before the beginning of any
proposed training or 60 calendar days before effecting an amendment to
any approved training, unless a shorter filing period is approved by the
Administrator.
(b) Each application for a training center certificate and training
specification shall provide--
(1) A statement showing that the minimum qualification requirements
for each management position are met or exceeded;
[[Page 28]]
(2) A statement acknowledging that the applicant shall notify the
Administrator within 10 working days of any change made in the
assignment of persons in the required management positions;
(3) The proposed training authorizations and training specifications
requested by the applicant;
(4) The proposed evaluation authorization;
(5) A description of the flight training equipment that the
applicant proposes to use;
(6) A description of the applicant's training facilities, equipment,
qualifications of personnel to be used, and proposed evaluation plans;
(7) A training program curriculum, including syllabi, outlines,
courseware, procedures, and documentation to support the items required
in subpart B of this part, upon request by the Administrator;
(8) A description of a recordkeeping system that will identify and
document the details of training, qualification, and certification of
students, instructors, and evaluators;
(9) A description of quality control measures proposed; and
(10) A method of demonstrating the applicant's qualification and
ability to provide training for a certificate or rating in fewer than
the minimum hours prescribed in part 61 of this chapter if the applicant
proposes to do so.
(c) The facilities and equipment described in paragraph (b)(6) of
this section shall--
(1) Be available for inspection and evaluation prior to approval;
and
(2) Be in place and operational at the location of the proposed
training center prior to issuance of a certificate under this part.
(d) An applicant who meets the requirements of this part and is
approved by the Administrator is entitled to--
(1) A training center certificate containing all business names
included on the application under which the certificate holder may
conduct operations and the address of each business office used by the
certificate holder; and
(2) Training specifications, issued by the Administrator to the
certificate holder, containing--
(i) The type of training authorized, including approved courses;
(ii) The category, class, and type of aircraft that may be used for
training, testing, and checking;
(iii) For each flight simulator or flight training device, the make,
model, and series of airplane or the set of airplanes being simulated
and the qualification level assigned, or the make, model, and series of
rotorcraft, or set of rotorcraft being simulated and the qualification
level assigned;
(iv) For each flight simulator and flight training device subject to
qualification evaluation by the Administrator, the identification number
assigned by the FAA;
(v) The name and address of all satellite training centers, and the
approved courses offered at each satellite training center;
(vi) Authorized deviations or waivers from this part; and
(vii) Any other items the Administrator may require or allow.
(e) The Administrator may deny, suspend, revoke, or terminate a
certificate under this part if the Administrator finds that the
applicant or the certificate holder--
(1) Held a training center certificate that was revoked, suspended,
or terminated within the previous 5 years; or
(2) Employs or proposes to employ a person who--
(i) Was previously employed in a management or supervisory position
by the holder of a training center certificate that was revoked,
suspended, or terminated within the previous 5 years;
(ii) Exercised control over any certificate holder whose certificate
has been revoked, suspended, or terminated within the last 5 years; and
(iii) Contributed materially to the revocation, suspension, or
termination of that certificate and who will be employed in a management
or supervisory position, or who will be in control of or have a
substantial ownership interest in the training center.
(3) Has provided incomplete, inaccurate, fraudulent, or false
information for a training center certificate;
(4) Has violated any provision of Sec. 142.21; or
[[Page 29]]
(5) Should not be granted a certificate if the grant would not
foster aviation safety.
(f) At any time, the Administrator may amend a training center
certificate--
(1) On the Administrator's own initiative, under section 609 of the
Federal Aviation Act of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1429), as amended, and part 13
of this chapter; or
(2) Upon timely application by the certificate holder.
(g) The certificate holder must file an application to amend a
training center certificate at least 60 calendar days prior to the
applicant's proposed effective amendment date unless a different filing
period is approved by the Administrator.
Sec. 142.13 Management and personnel requirements.
An applicant for a training center certificate must show that--
(a) For each proposed curriculum, the training center has, and shall
maintain, a sufficient number of instructors who are qualified in
accordance with subpart C of this part to perform the duties to which
they are assigned;
(b) The training center has designated, and shall maintain, a
sufficient number of approved evaluators to provide required checks and
tests to graduation candidates within 7 calendar days of training
completion for any curriculum leading to airman certificates or ratings,
or both;
(c) The training center has, and shall maintain, a sufficient number
of management personnel who are qualified and competent to perform
required duties; and
(d) A management representative, and all personnel who are
designated by the training center to conduct direct student training,
are able to understand, read, write, and fluently speak the English
language.
Sec. 142.15 Facilities.
(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
shall ensure that--
(1) Each room, training booth, or other space used for instructional
purposes is heated, lighted, and ventilated to conform to local
building, sanitation, and health codes; and
(2) The facilities used for instruction are not routinely subject to
significant distractions caused by flight operations and maintenance
operations at the airport.
(b) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
shall establish and maintain a principal business office that is
physically located at the address shown on its training center
certificate.
(c) The records required to be maintained by this part must be
located in facilities adequate for that purpose.
(d) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
must have available exclusively, for adequate periods of time and at a
location approved by the Administrator, adequate flight training
equipment and courseware, including at least one flight simulator or
advanced flight training device.
(e) A training center certificate may be issued to an applicant
having a business office or training center located outside the United
States.
Sec. 142.17 Satellite training centers.
(a) The holder of a training center certificate may conduct training
in accordance with an approved training program at a satellite training
center located in the United States if--
(1) The facilities, equipment, personnel, and course content of the
satellite training center meet the applicable requirements of this part;
(2) The instructors and evaluators at the satellite training center
are under the direct supervision of management personnel of the
principal training center;
(3) The Administrator is notified in writing that a particular
satellite is to begin operations at least 60 days prior to proposed
commencement of operations at the satellite training center; and
(4) The certificate holder's training specifications reflect the
name and address of the satellite training center and the approved
courses offered at the satellite training center.
(b) The certificate holder's training specifications shall prescribe
the operations required and authorized at each satellite training
center.
[[Page 30]]
Sec. 142.19 Foreign training centers: Special rules.
(a) In the discretion of the Administrator, a training center
located outside the United States may be certificated by the
Administrator pursuant to this part.
(b) A training center located outside the United States may prepare
and recommend U.S. applicants for airman certificates and may prepare
and recommend applicants for authorizations, endorsements, and added
ratings to FAA-issued certificates, and may issue such certificates,
authorizations, endorsements, and added ratings to the extent authorized
and approved by the Administrator.
(c) In addition to the authority provided under paragraph (b) of
this section, a training center located outside the United States, when
authorized by the Administrator, may provide any training, testing, or
checking that is required to satisfy a requirement of 14 CFR chapter I.
Secs. 142.21-142.25 [Reserved]
Sec. 142.27 Display of certificate.
(a) Each holder of a training center certificate must prominently
display that certificate in a place accessible to the public in the
principal business office of the training center.
(b) A training center certificate and training specifications must
be made available for inspection upon request by--
(1) The Administrator;
(2) An authorized representative of the National Transportation
Safety Board; or
(3) Any Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency.
Sec. 142.29 Inspections.
Each certificate holder must allow the Administrator to inspect
training center facilities, equipment, and records at any reasonable
time and in any reasonable place in order to determine compliance with
or to determine initial or continuing eligibility under 49 U.S.C. 44701,
44707, formerly the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, and the
training center's certificate and training specifications.
Sec. 142.31 Advertising limitations.
(a) A certificate holder may not conduct, and may not advertise to
conduct, any training, testing, and checking that is not approved by the
Administrator if that training is designed to satisfy any requirement of
this chapter.
(b) A certificate holder whose certificate has been surrendered,
suspended, revoked, or terminated must--
(1) Promptly remove all indications, including signs, wherever
located, that the training center was certificated by the Administrator;
and
(2) Promptly notify all advertising agents, or advertising media, or
both, employed by the certificate holder to cease all advertising
indicating that the training center is certificated by the
Administrator.
Sec. 142.33 Training agreements.
A pilot school certificated under part 141 of this chapter may
provide training, testing, and checking for a training center
certificated under this part if--
(a) There is a training, testing, and checking agreement between the
certificated training center and the pilot school;
(b) The training, testing, and checking provided by the certificated
pilot school is approved and conducted in accordance with this part;
(c) The pilot school certificated under part 141 obtains the
Administrator's approval for a training course outline that includes the
portion of the training, testing, and checking to be conducted under
part 141; and
(d) Upon completion of training, testing, and checking conducted
under part 141, a copy of each student's training record is forwarded to
the part 142 training center and becomes part of the student's permanent
training record.
Subpart B--Aircrew Curriculum and Syllabus Requirements
Sec. 142.35 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the curriculum and syllabus requirements for
the issuance of a training center certificate and training
specifications for
[[Page 31]]
training, testing, and checking conducted to meet the requirements of
part 61 of this chapter.
Sec. 142.37 Approval of flight aircrew training program.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each
applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate must apply to
the Administrator for training program approval.
(b) A curriculum approved under SFAR 58 of part 121 of this chapter
is approved under this part without modifications.
(c) Application for training program approval shall be made in a
form and in a manner acceptable to the Administrator.
(d) Each application for training program approval must indicate--
(1) Which courses are part of the core curriculum and which courses
are part of the specialty curriculum;
(2) Which requirements of part 61 of this chapter would be satisfied
by the curriculum or curriculums; and
(3) Which requirements of part 61 of this chapter would not be
satisfied by the curriculum or curriculums.
(e) If, after a certificate holder begins operations under an
approved training program, the Administrator finds that the certificate
holder is not meeting the provisions of its approved training program,
the Administrator may require the certificate holder to make revisions
to that training program.
(f) If the Administrator requires a certificate holder to make
revisions to an approved training program and the certificate holder
does not make those required revisions, within 30 calendar days, the
Administrator may suspend, revoke, or terminate the training center
certificate under the provisions of Sec. 142.11(e).
Sec. 142.39 Training program curriculum requirements.
Each training program curriculum submitted to the Administrator for
approval must meet the applicable requirements of this part and must
contain--
(a) A syllabus for each proposed curriculum;
(b) Minimum aircraft and flight training equipment requirements for
each proposed curriculum;
(c) Minimum instructor and evaluator qualifications for each
proposed curriculum;
(d) A curriculum for initial training and continuing training of
each instructor or evaluator employed to instruct in a proposed
curriculum; and
(e) For each curriculum that provides for the issuance of a
certificate or rating in fewer than the minimum hours prescribed by part
61 of this chapter--
(1) A means of demonstrating the ability to accomplish such training
in the reduced number of hours; and
(2) A means of tracking student performance.
Subpart C--Personnel and Flight Training Equipment Requirements
Sec. 142.45 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the personnel and flight training equipment
requirements for a certificate holder that is training to meet the
requirements of part 61 of this chapter.
Sec. 142.47 Training center instructor eligibility requirements.
(a) A certificate holder may not employ a person as an instructor in
a flight training course that is subject to approval by the
Administrator unless that person--
(1) Is at least 18 years of age;
(2) Is able to read, write, and speak and understand in the English
language;
(3) If instructing in an aircraft in flight, is qualified in
accordance with subpart G of part 61 of this chapter;
(4) Satisfies the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section; and
(5) Meets at least one of the following requirements--
(i) Except as allowed by paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section, meets
the aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.129 or Sec. 61.131
of this chapter, as applicable, excluding the required hours of
instruction in preparation for the commercial pilot practical test;
(ii) If instructing in a flight simulator or flight training device
that represents an airplane requiring a type rating or if instructing in
a curriculum
[[Page 32]]
leading to the issuance of an airline transport pilot certificate or an
added rating to an airline transport pilot certificate, meets the
aeronautical experience requirements of Sec. 61.155 or Sec. 61.161 of
this chapter, as applicable; or
(iii) Is employed as a flight simulator instructor or a flight
training device instructor for a training center providing instruction
and testing to meet the requirements of part 61 of this chapter on
August 1, 1996.
(b) A training center must designate each instructor in writing to
instruct in each approved course, prior to that person functioning as an
instructor in that course.
(c) Prior to initial designation, each instructor shall:
(1) Complete at least 8 hours of ground training on the following
subject matter:
(i) Instruction methods and techniques.
(ii) Training policies and procedures.
(iii) The fundamental principles of the learning process.
(iv) Instructor duties, privileges, responsibilities, and
limitations.
(v) Proper operation of simulation controls and systems.
(vi) Proper operation of environmental control and warning or
caution panels.
(vii) Limitations of simulation.
(viii) Minimum equipment requirements for each curriculum.
(ix) Revisions to the training courses.
(x) Cockpit resource management and crew coordination.
(2) Satisfactorily complete a written test--
(i) On the subjects specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section;
and
(ii) That is accepted by the Administrator as being of equivalent
difficulty, complexity, and scope as the tests provided by the
Administrator for the flight instructor airplane and instrument flight
instructor knowledge tests.
Sec. 142.49 Training center instructor and evaluator privileges and limitations.
(a) A certificate holder may allow an instructor to provide:
(1) Instruction for each curriculum for which that instructor is
qualified.
(2) Testing and checking for which that instructor is qualified.
(3) Instruction, testing, and checking intended to satisfy the
requirements of any part of this chapter.
(b) A training center whose instructor or evaluator is designated in
accordance with the requirements of this subpart to conduct training,
testing, or checking in qualified and approved flight training
equipment, may allow its instructor or evaluator to give endorsements
required by part 61 of this chapter if that instructor or evaluator is
authorized by the Administrator to instruct or evaluate in a part 142
curriculum that requires such endorsements.
(c) A training center may not allow an instructor to--
(1) Excluding briefings and debriefings, conduct more than 8 hours
of instruction in any 24-consecutive-hour period;
(2) Provide flight training equipment instruction unless that
instructor meets the requirements of Sec. 142.53 (a)(1) through (a)(4),
and Sec. 142.53(b), as applicable; or
(3) Provide flight instruction in an aircraft unless that
instructor--
(i) Meets the requirements of Sec. 142.53(a)(1), (a)(2), and (a)(5);
(ii) Is qualified and authorized in accordance with subpart G of
part 61 of this chapter;
(iii) Holds certificates and ratings specified by part 61 of this
chapter appropriate to the category, class, and type aircraft in which
instructing;
(iv) If instructing or evaluating in an aircraft in flight while
occupying a required crewmember seat, holds at least a valid second
class medical certificate; and
(v) Meets the recency of experience requirements of part 61 of this
chapter.
Sec. 142.51 [Reserved]
Sec. 142.53 Training center instructor training and testing requirements.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, prior to
designation and every 12 calendar months beginning the first day of the
month following an instructor's initial designation, a certificate
holder must ensure that each of its instructors meets the following
requirements:
[[Page 33]]
(1) Each instructor must satisfactorily demonstrate to an authorized
evaluator knowledge of, and proficiency in, instructing in a
representative segment of each curriculum for which that instructor is
designated to instruct under this part.
(2) Each instructor must satisfactorily complete an approved course
of ground instruction in at least--
(i) The fundamental principles of the learning process;
(ii) Elements of effective teaching, instruction methods, and
techniques;
(iii) Instructor duties, privileges, responsibilities, and
limitations;
(iv) Training policies and procedures;
(v) Cockpit resource management and crew coordination; and
(vi) Evaluation.
(3) Each instructor who instructs in a qualified and approved flight
simulator or flight training device must satisfactorily complete an
approved course of training in the operation of the flight simulator,
and an approved course of ground instruction, applicable to the training
courses the instructor is designated to instruct.
(4) The flight simulator training course required by paragraph
(a)(3) of this section which must include--
(i) Proper operation of flight simulator and flight training device
controls and systems;
(ii) Proper operation of environmental and fault panels;
(iii) Limitations of simulation; and
(iv) Minimum equipment requirements for each curriculum.
(5) Each flight instructor who provides training in an aircraft must
satisfactorily complete an approved course of ground instruction and
flight training in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training
device.
(6) The approved course of ground instruction and flight training
required by paragraph (a)(5) of this section which must include
instruction in--
(i) Performance and analysis of flight training procedures and
maneuvers applicable to the training courses that the instructor is
designated to instruct;
(ii) Technical subjects covering aircraft subsystems and operating
rules applicable to the training courses that the instructor is
designated to instruct;
(iii) Emergency operations;
(iv) Emergency situations likely to develop during training; and
(v) Appropriate safety measures.
(7) Each instructor who instructs in qualified and approved flight
training equipment must pass a written test and annual proficiency
check--
(i) In the flight training equipment in which the instructor will be
instructing; and
(ii) On the subject matter and maneuvers which the instructor will
be instructing.
(b) In addition to the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through
(a)(7) of this section, each certificate holder must ensure that each
instructor who instructs in a flight simulator that the Administrator
has approved for all training and all testing for the airline transport
pilot certification test, aircraft type rating test, or both, has met at
least one of the following three requirements:
(1) Each instructor must have performed 2 hours in flight, including
three takeoffs and three landings as the sole manipulator of the
controls of an aircraft of the same category and class, and, if a type
rating is required, of the same type replicated by the approved flight
simulator in which that instructor is designated to instruct;
(2) Each instructor must have participated in an approved line-
observation program under part 121 or part 135 of this chapter, and
that--
(i) Was accomplished in the same airplane type as the airplane
represented by the flight simulator in which that instructor is
designated to instruct; and
(ii) Included line-oriented flight training of at least 1 hour of
flight during which the instructor was the sole manipulator of the
controls in a flight simulator that replicated the same type aircraft
for which that instructor is designated to instruct; or
(3) Each instructor must have participated in an approved in-flight
observation training course that--
(i) Consisted of at least 2 hours of flight time in an airplane of
the same type as the airplane replicated by the
[[Page 34]]
flight simulator in which the instructor is designated to instruct; and
(ii) Included line-oriented flight training of at least 1 hour of
flight during which the instructor was the sole manipulator of the
controls in a flight simulator that replicated the same type aircraft
for which that instructor is designated to instruct.
(c) An instructor who satisfactorily completes a curriculum required
by paragraph (a) or (b) of this section in the calendar month before or
after the month in which it is due is considered to have taken it in the
month in which it was due for the purpose of computing when the next
training is due.
(d) The Administrator may give credit for the requirements of
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section to an instructor who has
satisfactorily completed an instructor training course for a part 121 or
part 135 certificate holder if the Administrator finds such a course
equivalent to the requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section.
Sec. 142.55 Training center evaluator requirements.
(a) Except as provided by paragraph (d) of this section, a training
center must ensure that each person authorized as an evaluator--
(1) Is approved by the Administrator;
(2) Is in compliance with Secs. 142.47, 142.49, and 142.53 and
applicable sections of part 187 of this chapter; and
(3) Prior to designation, and except as provided in paragraph (b) of
this section, every 12-calendar-month period following initial
designation, the certificate holder must ensure that the evaluator
satisfactorily completes a curriculum that includes the following:
(i) Evaluator duties, functions, and responsibilities;
(ii) Methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting required
tests and checks;
(iii) Evaluation of pilot performance; and
(iv) Management of unsatisfactory tests and subsequent corrective
action; and
(4) If evaluating in qualified and approved flight training
equipment must satisfactorily pass a written test and annual proficiency
check in a flight simulator or aircraft in which the evaluator will be
evaluating.
(b) An evaluator who satisfactorily completes a curriculum required
by paragraph (a) of this section in the calendar month before or the
calendar month after the month in which it is due is considered to have
taken it in the month is which it was due for the purpose of computing
when the next training is due.
(c) The Administrator may give credit for the requirements of
paragraph (a)(3) of this section to an evaluator who has satisfactorily
completed an evaluator training course for a part 121 or part 135
certificate holder if the Administrator finds such a course equivalent
to the requirements of paragraph (a)(3) of this section.
(d) An evaluator who is qualified under SFAR 58 shall be authorized
to conduct evaluations under the Advanced Qualification Program without
complying with the requirements of this section.
Sec. 142.57 Aircraft requirements.
(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
must ensure that each aircraft used for flight instruction and solo
flights meets the following requirements:
(1) Except for flight instruction and solo flights in a curriculum
for agricultural aircraft operations, external load operations, and
similar aerial work operations, the aircraft must have an FAA standard
airworthiness certificate or a foreign equivalent of an FAA standard
airworthiness certificate, acceptable to the Administrator.
(2) The aircraft must be maintained and inspected in accordance
with--
(i) The requirements of part 91, subpart E, of this chapter; and
(ii) An approved program for maintenance and inspection.
(3) The aircraft must be equipped as provided in the training
specifications for the approved course for which it is used.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, an
applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate must ensure
that each aircraft used for flight instruction is at least a two-place
aircraft with engine power controls and flight controls that are easily
[[Page 35]]
reached and that operate in a conventional manner from both pilot
stations.
(c) Airplanes with controls such as nose-wheel steering, switches,
fuel selectors, and engine air flow controls that are not easily reached
and operated in a conventional manner by both pilots may be used for
flight instruction if the certificate holder determines that the flight
instruction can be conducted in a safe manner considering the location
of controls and their nonconventional operation, or both.
Sec. 142.59 Flight simulators and flight training devices.
(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
must show that each flight simulator and flight training device used for
training, testing, and checking (except AQP) will be or is specifically
qualified and approved by the Administrator for--
(1) Each maneuver and procedure for the make, model, and series of
aircraft, set of aircraft, or aircraft type simulated, as applicable;
and
(2) Each curriculum or training course in which the flight simulator
or flight training device is used, if that curriculum or course is used
to satisfy any requirement of 14 CFR chapter I.
(b) The approval required by paragraph (a)(2) of this section must
include--
(1) The set of aircraft, or type aircraft;
(2) If applicable, the particular variation within type, for which
the training, testing, or checking is being conducted; and
(3) The particular maneuver, procedure, or crewmember function to be
performed.
(c) Each qualified and approved flight simulator or flight training
device used by a training center must--
(1) Be maintained to ensure the reliability of the performances,
functions, and all other characteristics that were required for
qualification;
(2) Be modified to conform with any modification to the aircraft
being simulated if the modification results in changes to performance,
function, or other characteristics required for qualification;
(3) Be given a functional preflight check each day before being
used; and
(4) Have a discrepancy log in which the instructor or evaluator, at
the end of each training session, enters each discrepancy.
(d) Unless otherwise authorized by the Administrator, each component
on a qualified and approved flight simulator or flight training device
used by a training center must be operative if the component is
essential to, or involved in, the training, testing, or checking of
airmen.
(e) Training centers shall not be restricted to specific--
(1) Route segments during line-oriented flight training scenarios;
and
(2) Visual data bases replicating a specific customer's bases of
operation.
(f) Training centers may request evaluation, qualification, and
continuing evaluation for qualification of flight simulators and flight
training devices without--
(1) Holding an air carrier certificate; or
(2) Having a specific relationship to an air carrier certificate
holder.
Subpart D--Operating Rules
Sec. 142.61 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the operating rules applicable to a training
center certificated under this part and operating a course or training
program curriculum approved in accordance with subpart B of this part.
Sec. 142.63 Privileges.
A certificate holder may allow flight simulator instructors and
evaluators to meet recency of experience requirements through the use of
a qualified and approved flight simulator or qualified and approved
flight training device if that flight simulator or flight training
device is--
(a) Used in a course approved in accordance with subpart B of this
part; or
(b) Approved under the Advanced Qualification Program for meeting
recency of experience requirements.
Sec. 142.65 Limitations.
(a) A certificate holder shall--
(1) Ensure that a flight simulator or flight training device freeze,
slow motion, or repositioning feature is not used during testing or
checking; and
[[Page 36]]
(2) Ensure that a repositioning feature is used during line
operational simulation for evaluation and line-oriented flight training
only to advance along a flight route to the point where the descent and
approach phase of the flight begins.
(b) When flight testing, flight checking, or line operational
simulation is being conducted, the certificate holder must ensure that
one of the following occupies each crewmember position:
(1) A crewmember qualified in the aircraft category, class, and
type, if a type rating is required, provided that no flight instructor
who is giving instruction may occupy a crewmember position.
(2) A student, provided that no student may be used in a crewmember
position with any other student not in the same specific course.
(c) The holder of a training center certificate may not recommend a
trainee for a certificate or rating, unless the trainee--
(1) Has satisfactorily completed the training specified in the
course approved under Sec. 142.37; and
(2) Has passed the final tests required by Sec. 142.37.
(d) The holder of a training center certificate may not graduate a
student from a course unless the student has satisfactorily completed
the curriculum requirements of that course.
Subpart E--Recordkeeping
Sec. 142.71 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes the training center recordkeeping
requirements for trainees enrolled in a course, and instructors and
evaluators designated to instruct a course, approved in accordance with
subpart B of this part.
Sec. 142.73 Recordkeeping requirements.
(a) A certificate holder must maintain a record for each trainee
that contains--
(1) The name of the trainee;
(2) A copy of the trainee's pilot certificate, if any, and medical
certificate;
(3) The name of the course and the make and model of flight training
equipment used;
(4) The trainee's prerequisite experience and course time completed;
(5) The trainee's performance on each lesson and the name of the
instructor providing instruction;
(6) The date and result of each end-of-course practical test and the
name of the evaluator conducting the test; and
(7) The number of hours of additional training that was accomplished
after any unsatisfactory practical test.
(b) A certificate holder shall maintain a record for each instructor
or evaluator designated to instruct a course approved in accordance with
subpart B of this part that indicates that the instructor or evaluator
has complied with the requirements of Secs. 142.13, 142.45, 142.47,
142.49, and 142.53, as applicable.
(c) The certificate holder shall--
(1) Maintain the records required by paragraphs (a) of this section
for at least 1 year following the completion of training, testing or
checking;
(2) Maintain the qualification records required by paragraph (b) of
this section while the instructor or evaluator is in the employ of the
certificate holder and for 1 year thereafter; and
(3) Maintain the recurrent demonstration of proficiency records
required by paragraph (b) of this section for at least 1 year.
(d) The certificate holder must provide the records required by this
section to the Administrator, upon request and at a reasonable time, and
shall keep the records required by--
(1) Paragraph (a) of this section at the training center, or
satellite training center where the training, testing, or checking, if
appropriate, occurred; and
(2) Paragraph (b) of this section at the training center or
satellite training center where the instructor or evaluator is primarily
employed.
(e) The certificate holder shall provide to a trainee, upon request
and at a reasonable time, a copy of his or her training records.
Subpart F--Other Approved Courses
Sec. 142.81 Conduct of other approved courses.
(a) An applicant for, or holder of, a training center certificate
may apply for approval to conduct a course for
[[Page 37]]
which a curriculum is not prescribed by this part.
(b) The course for which application is made under paragraph (a) of
this section may be for flight crewmembers other than pilots, airmen
other than flight crewmembers, material handlers, ground servicing
personnel, and security personnel, and others approved by the
Administrator.
(c) An applicant for course approval under this subpart must comply
with the applicable requirements of subpart A through subpart F of this
part.
(d) The Administrator approves the course for which the application
is made if the training center or training center applicant shows that
the course contains a curriculum that will achieve a level of competency
equal to, or greater than, that required by the appropriate part of this
chapter.
PART 143--GROUND INSTRUCTORS--Table of Contents
Sec.
143.1 Applicability.
143.3 Application and issue.
143.5 Temporary certificate.
143.7 Duration of certificate.
143.8 Change of name; replacement of lost or destroyed certificate.
143.9 Eligibility requirements: General.
143.11 Knowledge requirements.
143.15 Tests: General procedures.
143.17 Re-testing after failure.
143.18 Written tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct.
143.19 Recent experience.
143.20 Applications, certificates, logbooks, reports, and records;
falsification, reproduction, or alteration.
143.21 Display of certificate.
143.23 Change of address.
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-44711,
45102-45103, 45106, 45301-45302.
Source: Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6661, July 13, 1962, unless otherwise
noted.
Sec. 143.1 Applicability.
This part prescribes the requirements for issuing ground instructor
certificates and associated ratings and the general operating rules for
the holders of those certificates and ratings.
Sec. 143.3 Application and issue.
(a) An application for a certificate and rating, or for an
additional rating, under this part, is made on a form and in a manner
prescribed by the Administrator. However, a person whose ground
instructor certificate has been revoked may not apply for a new
certificate for a period of one year after the effective date of the
revocation unless the order of revocation provides otherwise.
(b) An applicant who meets the requirements of this part is entitled
to an appropriate certificate with ratings naming the ground school
subjects that he is authorized to teach.
(c) Unless authorized by the Administrator, a person whose ground
instructor certificate is suspended may not apply for any rating to be
added to that certificate during the period of suspension.
(d) Unless the order of revocation provides otherwise, a person
whose ground instructor certificate is revoked may not apply for any
ground instructor certificate for 1 year after the date of revocation.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6661, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 143-2, 31
FR 13524, Oct. 20, 1966]
Sec. 143.5 Temporary certificate.
A certificate or rating effective for a period of not more than 90
days may be issued to a qualified applicant, pending the issue of the
certificate or rating for which he applied.
Sec. 143.7 Duration of certificate.
(a) A certificate or rating issued under this part is effective
until it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
(b) The holder of any certificate issued under this part that is
suspended or revoked shall upon the Administrator's request, return it
to the Administrator.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6661, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 143-2, 31
FR 13524, Oct. 20, 1966]
Sec. 143.8 Change of name; replacement of lost or destroyed certificate.
(a) An application for a change of name on a certificate issued
under this part must be accompanied by the applicant's current
certificate and the marriage license, court order, or other document
verifying the change. The documents are returned to the applicant after
inspection.
[[Page 38]]
(b) An application for a replacement of a lost or destroyed
certificate is made by letter to the Department of Transportation,
Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Certification Branch, Post
Office Box 25082, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73125. The letter must--
(1) Contain the name in which the certificate was issued, the
permanent mailing address (including zip code), social security number
(if any), and date and place of birth of the certificate holder, and any
available information regarding the grade, number, and date of issue of
the certificate, and the ratings on it; and
(2) Be accompanied by a check or money order for $2, payable to the
Federal Aviation Administration.
(c) A person whose certificate issued under this part has been lost
may obtain a telegram from the FAA confirming that it was issued. The
telegram may be carried as a certificate for a period not to exceed 60
days pending his receiving a duplicate certificate under paragraph (b)
of this section, unless he has been notified that the certificate has
been suspended or revoked. The request for such a telegram may be made
by prepaid telegram, stating the date upon which a duplicate certificate
was requested, or including the request for a duplicate and a money
order for the necessary amount. The request for a telegraphic
certificate should be sent to the office prescribed in paragraph (b) of
this section.
(Secs. 3, 6, 9, 80 Stat. 931, 49 U.S.C. 1652, 1655, 1657)
[Amdt. 143-2, 31 FR 13525, Oct. 20, 1966, as amended by Doc. No. 8084,
32 FR 5769, Apr. 11, 1967; Amdt. 143-3, 35 FR 14076, Sept. 4, 1970;
Amdt. 143-4, 36 FR 2865, Feb. 11, 1971]
Sec. 143.9 Eligibility requirements: General.
To be eligible for a certificate under this part, a person must be
at least 18 years of age, be of good moral character, and comply with
Sec. 143.11.
Sec. 143.11 Knowledge requirements.
Each applicant for a ground instructor certificate must show his
practical and theoretical knowledge of the subject for which he seeks a
rating by passing a written test on that subject.
Sec. 143.15 Tests: General procedures.
(a) Tests prescribed by or under this part are given at times and
places, and by persons, designated by the Administrator.
(b) The minimum passing grade for each test is 70 percent.
Sec. 143.17 Re-testing after failure.
An applicant for a ground instructor rating who fails a test under
this part may apply for re-testing--
(a) After 30 days after the date he failed that test; or
(b) Upon presenting a statement from a certificated ground
instructor, rated for the subject of the test failed, certifying that he
has given the applicant at least five hours additional instruction in
that subject and now considers that he can pass the test.
Sec. 143.18 Written tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conduct.
(a) Except as authorized by the Administrator, no person may--
(1) Copy, or intentionally remove, a written test under this part;
(2) Give to another, or receive from another, any part or copy of
that test;
(3) Give help on that test to, or receive help on that test from,
any person during the period that test is being given;
(4) Take any part of that test in behalf of another person;
(5) Use any material or aid during the period that test is being
given; or
(6) Intentionally cause, assist, or participate in any act
prohibited by this paragraph.
(b) No person who commits an act prohibited by paragraph (a) of this
section is eligible for any airman or ground instructor certificate or
rating under this chapter for a period of 1 year after the date of that
act. In addition, the commission of that act is a basis for suspending
or revoking any airman or ground instructor certificate or rating held
by that person.
[Amdt. 143-1, 30 FR 2197, Feb. 18, 1965]
Sec. 143.19 Recent experience.
The holder of a ground instructor certificate may not perform the
duties of a ground instructor unless, within
[[Page 39]]
the 12 months before he intends to perform them--
(a) He has served for at least three months as a ground instructor;
or
(b) The Administrator has determined that he meets the standards
prescribed in this part for the certificate and rating.
Sec. 143.20 Applications, certificates, logbooks, reports, and records; falsification, reproduction, or alteration.
(a) No person may make or cause to be made--
(1) Any fraudulent or intentionally false statement on any
application for a certificate or rating under this part;
(2) Any fraudulent or intentionally false entry in any logbook,
record, or report that is required to be kept, made, or used, to show
compliance with any requirement for any certificate or rating under this
part;
(3) Any reproduction, for fraudulent purpose, of any certificate or
rating under this part; or
(4) Any alteration of any certificate or rating under this part.
(b) The commission by any person of an act prohibited under
paragraph (a) of this section is a basis for suspending or revoking any
airman or ground instructor certificate or rating held by that person.
[Amdt. 143-1, 30 FR 2197, Feb. 18, 1965]
Sec. 143.21 Display of certificate.
Each person who holds a ground instructor certificate shall keep it
readily available to him while instructing and shall present it for
inspection upon the request of the Administrator or an authorized
representative of the National Transportation Safety Board, or of any
Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer.
(Secs. 3, 6, 9, 80 Stat. 931, 49 U.S.C. 1652, 1655, 1657)
[Amdt. 143-2, 31 FR 13525, Oct. 20, 1966, as amended by Doc. No. 8084,
32 FR 5769, Apr. 11, 1967]
Sec. 143.23 Change of address.
Within 30 days after any change in his permanent mailing address,
the holder of a ground instructor certificate shall notify the
Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman
Certification Branch, Post Office Box 25082, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73125,
in writing, of his new address.
[Amdt. 143-3, 35 FR 14076, Sept. 4, 1970]
PART 145--REPAIR STATIONS--Table of Contents
Special Federal Aviation Regulations
SFAR No. 36 [Note]
Subpart A--General
Sec.
145.1 Applicability.
145.2 Performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations
and required inspections for an air carrier or commercial
operator under the continuous airworthiness requirements of
parts 121 and 127, and for airplanes under the inspection
program required by part 125.
145.3 Certificate required.
145.11 Application and issue.
145.13 Certification of foreign repair stations: Special requirements.
145.15 Change or renewal of certificates.
145.17 Duration of certificates.
145.19 Display of certificate.
145.21 Change of location or facilities.
145.23 Inspection.
145.25 Advertising.
Subpart B--Domestic Repair Stations
145.31 Ratings.
145.33 Limited ratings.
145.35 Housing and facility requirements.
145.37 Special housing and facility requirements.
145.39 Personnel requirements.
145.41 Recommendation of persons for certification as repairmen.
145.43 Records of supervisory and inspection personnel.
145.45 Inspection systems.
145.47 Equipment and materials: Ratings other than limited ratings.
145.49 Equipment and materials: Limited rating.
145.51 Privileges of certificates.
145.53 Limitations of certificates.
145.55 Maintenance of personnel, facilities equipment, and materials.
145.57 Performance standards.
145.59 Inspection of work performed.
145.61 Performance records and reports.
145.63 Reports of defects or unairworthy conditions.
Subpart C--Foreign Repair Stations
145.71 General requirements.
145.73 Scope of work authorized.
145.75 Personnel.
[[Page 40]]
145.77 General operating rules.
145.79 Records and reports.
Subpart D--Limited Ratings for Manufacturers
145.101 Application and issue.
145.103 Privileges of certificates.
145.105 Performance standards.
Appendix A to Part 145
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44707, 44717.
Source: Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, unless otherwise
noted.
Editorial Note: For miscellaneous technical amendments in this part
145, see Amdt. 145-3, 31 FR 3336, Mar. 3, 1966 and Amdt. 145-6, 31 FR
9211, July 6, 1966.
Special Federal Aviation Regulation
SFAR No. 36
Editorial Note: For the text of SFAR No. 36, see part 121 of this
chapter.
Subpart A--General
Sec. 145.1 Applicability.
(a) This part prescribes the requirements for issuing repair station
certificates and associated ratings to facilities for the maintenance
and alteration of airframes, powerplants, propellers, or appliances, and
prescribes the general operating rules for the holders of those
certificates and ratings.
(b) A certificated repair station located in the United States is
called a ``domestic repair station''. A repair station located outside
of the United States is called a ``foreign repair station''.
(c) A manufacturer of aircraft, aircraft engines, propellers,
appliances, or parts thereof, may be issued a Repair Station Certificate
with a limited rating under subpart D of this part. Sections 145.11
through 145.79 do not apply to applicants for, or holders of,
certificates issued under subpart D of this part. Any facility where the
holder of a certificate issued under subpart D of this part exercises
his privileges under that certificate may be referred to as a
``manufacturer's maintenance facility.''
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-4, 31
FR 5249, Apr. 1, 1966]
Sec. 145.2 Performance of maintenance, preventive maintenance, alterations and required inspections for an air carrier or commercial operator under the
continuous airworthiness requirements of parts 121 and 127,
and for airplanes under the inspection program required by
part 125.
(a) Each repair station that performs any maintenance, preventive
maintenance, alterations, or required inspections for an air carrier or
commercial operator having a continuous airworthiness program under part
121 or part 127 of this chapter shall comply with subpart L of part 121
(except Secs. 121.363, 121.369, 121.373, and 121.379) or subpart I of
part 127 (except Secs. 127.131, 127.134, 127.136, and 127.140) of this
chapter, as applicable. In addition, such repair station shall perform
that work in accordance with the air carrier's or commercial operator's
manual.
(b) Each repair station that performs inspections on airplanes
governed by part 125 of this chapter shall do that work in accordance
with the inspection program approved for the operator of the airplane.
[Amdt. 145-7, 31 FR 10614, Aug. 9, 1966, as amended by Amdt. 145-17, 45
FR 67235, Oct. 9, 1980]
Sec. 145.3 Certificate required.
No person may operate as a certificated repair station without, or
in violation of, a repair station certificate. In addition, an applicant
for a certificate may not advertise as a certificated repair station
until the certificate has been issued to him.
Sec. 145.11 Application and issue.
(a) An application for a repair station certificate and rating, or
for an additional rating, is made on a form and in a manner prescribed
by the Administrator, and submitted with duplicate copies of--
(1) [Reserved]
(2) Its inspection procedures manual;
(3) A list of the maintenance functions to be performed for it,
under contract, buy another agency under Sec. 145.49 or Appendix A; and
(4) In the case of an applicant for a propeller rating (class 2) or
any accessory rating (class 1, 2, or 3), a list, by
[[Page 41]]
type or make, as applicable, of the propeller or accessory for which he
seeks approval.
(b) An applicant who meets the requirements of this part is entitled
to a repair station certificate with appropriate ratings prescribing
such operations specifications and limitations as are necessary in the
interests of safety.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-5, 31
FR 8585, June 21, 1966]
Sec. 145.13 Certification of foreign repair stations: Special requirements.
Before applying under Sec. 145.11, an applicant for a foreign repair
station certificate must notify the FAA office having jurisdiction over
the area in which the applicant is located of his intention to so apply
and send that office a statement of his reasons for wanting a repair
station at his place of business. In addition to the information
required by Sec. 145.11, the applicant must furnish two copies of a
suitably bound brochure, including a physical description of his
facilities (with photographs), a description of his inspection system,
and organizational chart, the names and titles of managing and
supervisory personnel, and a list of services obtained under contract,
if any, with the names of the contractors and the types of services they
perform. In addition, the applicant must furnish evidence that the fee
prescribed by appendix A of part 187 of this chapter has been paid.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-20,
47 FR 35694, Aug. 16, 1982]
Sec. 145.15 Change or renewal of certificates.
(a) Each of the following requires the certificate holder to apply
for a change in a repair station certificate, on a form and in the
manner prescribed by the Administrator:
(1) A change in the location or housing and facilities of the
station.
(2) A request to revise or amend a rating.
(b) If the holder of a repair station certificate sells or transfers
its assets, the new owner must apply for an amended certificate, in the
manner prescribed in Sec. 145.11 and, if applicable, Sec. 145.13.
(c) A person requesting renewal of a foreign repair station
certificate shall, within 30 days before his current certificate
expires, send the request to the FAA office having jurisdiction over the
station. If he does not make the request within that period, he must
follow the procedure prescribed in Sec. 145.13 for applying for a new
certificate, but without copies of the brochure.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-8, 32
FR 15670, Nov. 14, 1967]
Sec. 145.17 Duration of certificates.
(a) A domestic repair station certificate or rating is effective
until it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
(b) A foreign repair station certificate or rating expires at the
end of 12 months after the date on which it was issued, unless it is
sooner surrendered, suspended, or revoked. However, if the station
continues to comply with Sec. 145.71 and applies for renewal before
expiration of such certificate or rating, its certificate or rating may
be renewed for 24 months.
(c) The holder of a certificate that expires or is surrendered,
suspended, or revoked, shall return it to the Administrator.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-16,
43 FR 22643, May 25, 1978]
Sec. 145.19 Display of certificate.
Each holder of a repair station certificate shall display the
certificate and ratings at a place in the repair station that is
normally accessible to the public and is not obscured. The certificate
must be available for inspection by the Administrator.
Sec. 145.21 Change of location or facilities.
(a) The holder of a repair station certificate may not make any
change in its location or in its housing and facilities that are
required by Sec. 145.35, unless the change is approved in writing in
advance.
(b) The Administrator may prescribe the conditions under which a
repair station may operate while it is changing its location or housing
facilities.
[[Page 42]]
Sec. 145.23 Inspection.
Each certificated repair station shall allow the Administrator to
inspect it, at any time, to determine its compliance with this part. The
inspections cover the adequacy of the repair stations inspection system,
records, and its general ability to comply with this part. After such an
inspection is made, the repair station is notified, in writing, of any
defects found during the inspection.
[Amdt. 145-5, 31 FR 8585, June 21, 1966]
Sec. 145.25 Advertising.
(a) Whenever the advertising of a certificated repair station
indicates that it is certificated, it must clearly state its certificate
number.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to advertising in--
(1) Business letterheads;
(2) Billheads and statements;
(3) Customer estimates and inspection forms;
(4) Hangar or shop signs;
(5) Magazines, periodicals, or trade journals; or
(6) Any form of promotional media.
Subpart B--Domestic Repair Stations
Sec. 145.31 Ratings.
The following ratings are issued under this subpart:
(a) Airframe ratings. (1) Class 1: Composite construction of small
aircraft.
(2) Class 2: Composite construction of large aircraft.
(3) Class 3: All-metal construction of small aircraft.
(4) Class 4: All-metal construction of large aircraft.
(b) Powerplant ratings. (1) Class 1: Reciprocating engines of 400
horsepower or less.
(2) Class 2: Reciprocating engines of more than 400 horsepower.
(3) Class 3: Turbine engines.
(c) Propeller ratings. (1) Class 1: All fixed pitch and ground
adjustable propellers of wood, metal, or composite construction.
(2) Class 2: All other propellers, by make.
(d) Radio ratings. (1) Class 1: Communication equipment: Any radio
transmitting equipment or receiving equipment, or both, used in aircraft
to send or receive communications in flight, regardless of carrier
frequency or type of modulation used; including auxiliary and related
aircraft interphone systems, amplifier systems, electrical or electronic
inter-crew signaling devices, and similar equipment; but not including
equipment used for navigation of the aircraft or as an aid to
navigation, equipment for measuring altitude or terrain clearance, other
measuring equipment operated on radio or radar principles, or
mechanical, electrical, gyroscopic, or electronic instruments that are a
part of communications radio equipment.
(2) Class 2: Navigational equipment: Any radio system used in
aircraft for en route or approach navigation, except equipment operated
on radar or pulsed radio frequency principles, but not including
equipment for measuring altitude or terrain clearance or other distance
equipment operated on radar or pulsed radio frequency principles.
(3) Class 3: Radar equipment: Any aircraft electronic system
operated on radar or pulsed radio frequency principles.
(e) Instrument ratings. (1) Class 1: Mechanical: Any diaphragm,
bourdon tube, aneroid, optical, or mechanically driven centrifugal
instrument that is used on aircraft or to operate aircraft, including
tach- ometers, airspeed indicators, pressure gauges drift sights,
magnetic compasses, altimeters, or similar mechanical instruments.
(2) Class 2: Electrical: Any self-synchronous and electrical
indicating instruments and systems, including remote indicating
instruments, cylinder head temperature gauges, or similar electrical
instruments.
(3) Class 3: Gyroscopic: Any instrument or system using gyroscopic
principles and motivated by air pressure or electrical energy, including
automatic pilot control units, turn and bank indicators, directional
gyros, and their parts, and flux gate and gyrosyn compasses.
(4) Class 4: Electronic: Any instruments whose operation depends on
electron tubes, transistors, or similar devices including capacitance
type
[[Page 43]]
quantity gauges, system amplifiers, and engine analyzers.
(f) Accessory ratings. (1) Class 1: Mechanical accessories that
depend on friction, hydraulics, mechanical linkage, or pneumatic
pressure for operation, including aircraft wheel brakes, mechanically
driven pumps, carburetors, aircraft wheel assemblies, shock absorber
struts and hydraulic servo units.
(2) Class 2: Electrical accessories that depend on electrical energy
for their operation, and generators, including starters, voltage
regulators, electric motors, electrically driven fuel pumps magnetos, or
similar electrical accessories.
(3) Class 3: electronic accessories that depend on the use of an
electron tube transistor, or similar device, including supercharger,
temperature, air conditioning controls, or similar electronic controls.
Sec. 145.33 Limited ratings.
(a) Whenever the Administrator finds it appropriate, he may issue a
limited rating to a domestic repair station that maintains or alters
only a particular type of airframe, powerplant, propeller, radio,
instrument, or accessory, or parts thereof, or performs only specialized
maintenance requiring equipment and skills not ordinarily found in
regular repair stations. Such a rating may be limited to a specific
model aircraft, engine, or constituent part, or to any number of parts
made by a particular manufacturer.
(b) Limited ratings are issued for--
(1) Airframes of a particular make and model;
(2) Engines of a particular make and model;
(3) Propellers of a particular make and model;
(4) Instruments of a particular make and model;
(5) Radio equipment of a particular make and model;
(6) Accessories of a particular make and model;
(7) Landing gear components;
(8) Floats, by make;
(9) Nondestructive inspection, testing, and processing;
(10) Emergency equipment;
(11) Rotor blades, by make and model;
(12) Aircraft fabric work; and
(13) Any other purpose for which the Administrator finds the
applicant's request is appropriate.
(c) For a limited rating for specialized services, the operations
specifications of the station shall contain the specification used in
performing that specialized service. The specification may either be a
civil or military one that is currently used by industry and approved by
the Administrator or one developed by the applicant and approved by the
Administrator.
Sec. 145.35 Housing and facility requirements.
(a) An applicant for a domestic repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, must comply with paragraphs (b) to
(h) of this section and provide suitable--
(1) Housing for its necessary equipment and material;
(2) Space for the work for which it seeks a rating;
(3) Facilities for properly storing, segregating, and protecting
materials, parts, and supplies; and
(4) Facilities for properly protecting parts and subassemblies
during disassembly, cleaning, inspection, repair, alteration, and
assembly;
so that work being done is protected from weather elements, dust, and
heat; workers are protected so that the work will not be impaired by
their physical efficiency; and maintenance operations have efficient and
proper facilities.
(b) The applicant must provide suitable shop space where machine
tools and equipment are kept and where the largest amount of bench work
is done. The shop space need not be partitioned but machines and
equipment must be segregated whenever--
(1) Machine or woodwork is done so near an assembly area that chips
or material might inadvertently fall into assembled or partially
assembled work;
(2) Unpartitioned parts cleaning units are near other operations;
(3) Fabric work is done in an area where there are oils and greases;
(4) Painting or spraying is done in an area so arranged that paint
or paint
[[Page 44]]
dust can fall on assembled or partially assembled work;
(5) Paint spraying, cleaning, or machining operations are done so
near testing operations that the precision of test equipment might be
affected; and
(6) In any other case the Administrator determines it is necessary.
(c) The applicant must provide suitable assembly space in an
enclosed structure where the largest amount of assembly work is done.
The assembly space must be large enough for the largest item to be
worked on under the rating he seeks and must meet the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section.
(d) The applicant must provide suitable storage facilities used
exclusively for storing standard parts, spare parts, and raw materials,
and separated from shop and working space. He must organize the storage
facilities so that only acceptable parts and supplies will be issued for
any job, and must follow standard good practices for properly protecting
stored materials.
(e) The applicant must store and protect parts being assembled or
disassembled, or awaiting assembly or disassembly, to eliminate the
possibility of damage to them.
(f) The applicant must provide suitable ventilation for his shop,
assembly, and storage areas so that the physical efficiency of his
workers is not impaired.
(g) The applicant must provide adequate lighting for all work being
done so that the quality of the work is not impaired.
(h) The applicant must control the temperature of the shop and
assembly area so that the quality of the work is not impaired. Whenever
special maintenance operations are being performed, such as fabric work
or painting, the temperature and humidity control must be adequate to
insure the airworthiness of the article being maintained.
Sec. 145.37 Special housing and facility requirements.
(a) In addition to the housing and facility requirements in
Sec. 145.35, an applicant for a domestic repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, for airframes, powerplants,
propellers, instruments, accessories, or radios must meet the
requirements of paragraphs (b) to (f) of this section.
(b) An applicant for an airframe rating must provide suitable
permanent housing for at least one of the heaviest aircraft within the
weight class of the rating he seeks. If the location of the station is
such that climatic conditions allow work to be done outside, permanent
work docks may be used if they meet the requirements of Sec. 145.35(a).
(c) An applicant for either a powerplant or accessory rating must
provide suitable trays, racks, or stands for segregating complete engine
or accessory assemblies from each other during assembly and disassembly.
He must provide covers to protect parts awaiting assembly or during
assembly to prevent dust or other foreign objects from entering into or
falling on those parts.
(d) An applicant for a propeller rating must provide suitable
stands, racks, or other fixtures for the proper storage of propellers
after being worked on.
(e) An applicant for a radio rating must provide suitable storage
facilities to assure the protection of parts and units that might
deteriorate from dampness or moisture.
(f) An applicant for an instrument rating must provide a reasonably
dust free shop if the shop allocated to final assembly is not air
conditioned. Shop and assembly areas must be kept clean at all times to
reduce the possibility of dust or other foreign objects getting into
instrument assemblies.
Sec. 145.39 Personnel requirements.
(a) An applicant for a domestic repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, must provide adequate personnel who
can perform, supervise, and inspect the work for which the station is to
be rated. The officials of the station must carefully consider the
justifications and abilities of their employees and shall determine the
abilities of its uncertificated employees performing maintenance
operations on the basis of practical tests or employment records. The
repair station is primarily responsible for the satisfactory work of its
employees.
(b) The number of repair station employees may vary according to the
type
[[Page 45]]
and volume of its work. However, the applicant must have enough properly
qualified employees to keep up with the volume of work in process, and
may not reduce the number of its employees below that necessary to
efficiently produce airworthy work.
(c) Each repair station shall determine the abilities of its
supervisors and shall provide enough of them for all phases of its
activities. However, the Administrator may determine the ability of any
supervisor by inspecting his employment and experience records or by a
personal test. Each supervisor must have direct supervision over working
groups but need not have over-all supervision at management level.
Whenever apprentices or students are used in working groups on
assemblies or other operations that might be critical to the aircraft,
the repair station shall provide at least one supervisor for each 10
apprentices or students, unless the apprentices or students are
integrated into groups of experienced workers.
(d) Each person who is directly in charge of the maintenance
functions of a repair station must be appropriately certificated as a
mechanic or repairman under part 65 of this chapter and must have had at
least 18 months of practical experience in the procedures, practices,
inspection methods, materials, tools, machine tools, and equipment
generally used in the work for which the station is rated. Experience as
an apprentice or student mechanic may not be counted in computing the 18
months of experience. In addition, at least one of the persons so in
charge of maintenance functions for a station with an airframe rating
must have had experience in the methods and procedures prescribed by the
Administrator for returning aircraft to service after 100-hour, annual,
and progressive inspections.
(e) Each limited repair station shall have employees with detailed
knowledge of the particular maintenance function or technique for which
it is rated, based on attending a factory school or long experience with
the product or technique involved.
Sec. 145.41 Recommendation of persons for certification as repairmen.
(a) When a person applies for a domestic repair station certificate
and rating(s) or additional rating(s) that require a repairman, that
person must--
(1) Recommend at least one person for certification as a repairman;
(2) Certify to the Administrator that the person recommended meets
the requirements of Sec. 65.101 of this chapter; and
(3) Certify that the person recommended is able to perform and
supervise the assigned work.
(b) Each person recommended per paragraph (a)(1) of this section
must be at or above the level of shop foreman or department head or be
responsible for supervising the work performed by the repair station. A
qualified person so recommended may be certificated as a repairman.
(Secs. 313, 314, and 601 through 610, of the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1354, 1355, 1421 through 1430); sec. 6(c),
Dept. of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))
[Doc. No. 21269, 47 FR 33390, Aug. 2, 1982]
Sec. 145.43 Records of supervisory and inspection personnel.
(a) Each applicant for a domestic repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, must have, and each certificated
domestic repair station shall maintain, a roster of--
(1) Its supervisory personnel, including the names of the officials
of the station that are responsible for its management and the names of
its technical supervisors, such as foreman and crew chiefs; and
(2) Its inspection personnel, including the names of the chief
inspector and those inspectors who make final airworthiness
determinations before releasing an article to service.
(b) The station shall also provide a summary of the employment of
each person whose name is on the roster. The summary must contain enough
information as to each person on the roster to show compliance with the
experience requirements of this subpart, including--
(1) His present title (e.g., chief inspector, metal shop foreman,
etc.);
[[Page 46]]
(2) His total years of experience in the type of work he is doing;
(3) His past employment record, with names of places and term of
employment by month, and year;
(4) The scope of his present employment (e.g., airframe overhaul,
airframe final assembly, engine inspection, department, etc.); and
(5) The type and number of the mechanic or repairman certificate
that he holds, and the ratings on that certificate.
(c) The station shall change the roster, as necessary, to reflect--
(1) Terminating the employment of any person whose name is on the
roster;
(2) Assigning any person to duties that require his name to be
carried on the roster; or
(3) Any appreciable change in the duties and scope of assignment of
any person whose name is on the roster.
(d) The station shall keep the roster and employment summaries
required by this section, subject to inspection by the Administrator
upon his request.
(e) A domestic repair station may not use the services of a person
directly in charge of maintenance or alteration unless it keeps current
records on him as required by this section.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, June 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-5, 31
FR 8585, June 21, 1966; Amdt. 145-15, 41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]
Sec. 145.45 Inspection systems.
(a) An applicant for a repair station certificate, and rating or for
an additional rating, must have an inspection system that will produce
satisfactory quality control and conform to paragraphs (b) to (f) of
this section.
(b) The applicant's inspection personnel must be thoroughly familiar
with all inspection methods, techniques, and equipment used in their
specialty to determine the quality or airworthiness of an article being
maintained or altered. In addition, they must--
(1) Maintain proficiency in using various inspection aids intended
for that purpose;
(2) Have available and understand current specifications involving
inspection tolerances, limitations, and procedures established by the
manufacturer of the product being inspected and with other forms of
inspection information such as FAA airworthiness di- rectives and
bulletins; and
(3) In cases where magnetic, fluorescent, or other forms of
mechanical inspection devices are to be used, be skilled in operating
that equipment and be able to properly interpret defects indicated by
it.
(c) The applicant must provide a satisfactory method of inspecting
incoming material to insure that, before it is placed in stock for use
in an aircraft or part thereof, it is in a good state of preservation
and is free from apparent defects or malfunctions.
(d) The applicant must provide a system of preliminary inspection of
all articles he maintains to determine the state of preservation or
defects. He shall enter the results of each inspection on an appropriate
form supplied by it and keep the form with the article until it is
released to service.
(e) The applicant must provide a system so that before working on
any airframe, powerplant, or part thereof that has been involved in an
accident, it will be inspected thoroughly for hidden damage, including
the areas next to the obviously damaged parts. He shall enter the
results of this inspection on the inspection form required by paragraph
(d) of this section.
(f) At the time he applies for a repair station certificate, the
applicant must provide a manual containing inspection procedures, and
thereafter maintain it in current condition at all times. The manual
must explain the internal inspection system of the repair station in a
manner easily understood by any employee of the station. It must state
in detail the inspection requirements in paragraphs (a) to (e) of this
section, and the repair station's inspection system including the
continuity of inspection responsibility, samples of inspection forms,
and the method of executing them. The manual must refer whenever
necessary to the manufacturer's inspection standards for the maintenance
of the particular article. The repair station must give a copy of the
manual to each of its supervisory and inspection personnel and make it
available to its other personnel. The repair station is responsible
[[Page 47]]
for seeing that all supervisory and inspection personnel thoroughly
understand the manual.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, June 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-15,
41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]
Sec. 145.47 Equipment and materials: Ratings other than limited ratings.
(a) An applicant for a domestic repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, must have the equipment and
materials necessary to efficiently perform the functions appropriate to
the ratings he seeks. An applicant for an airframe, propeller,
powerplant, radio, instrument, or accessory rating must be equipped to
perform the functions listed in Appendix A to this part that are
appropriate for the rating he seeks.
(b) The equipment and materials required by this part must be of
such type that the work for which they are being used can be done
competently and efficiently. The station shall ensure that all
inspection and test equipment is tested at regular intervals to ensure
correct calibration to a standard derived from the National Bureau of
Standards or to a standard provided by the equipment manufacturer. In
the case of foreign equipment, the standard of the country of
manufacture may be used if approved by the Administrator. The equipment
and materials required for the various ratings must be located on the
premises, and under the full control of the station, unless they are
used for a function that the repair station is authorized to obtain by
contract. If it obtains them by contract, the repair station shall
determine the airworthiness of the article involved, unless the
contractor is an appropriately rated repair station.
(c) A certificated domestic or foreign repair station may contract
maintenance and alteration of components of a type certificated product
to a noncertificated source identified in the repair station's
inspection procedures manual provided:
(1) The repair station is the manufacturer who originally
manufactured the product for which it holds a U.S. type certificate;
(2) The contracted component is included as part of the type
certificated product;
(3) The component maintenance is done by the original component
manufacturer or its manufacturing licensee; and
(4) Before such a component is returned to service, the repair
station ensures that it is being returned to service in accordance with
the repair station's quality control system as approved by the
Administrator and set forth in the repair station's operations
specifications and inspection procedures manual.
(d) The applicant shall choose suitable tools and equipment for the
functions named in Appendix A to this part, as appropriate to each of
his ratings, using those the manufacturer of the article involved
recommends for maintaining or altering that article, or their
equivalent.
(Secs. 313, 314, and 601 through 610, of the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1354, 1355, 1421 through 1430); sec. 6(c),
Dept. of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-19,
47 FR 33391, Aug. 2, 1982; Amdt. 145-21, 53 FR 47375, Nov. 22, 1988]
Sec. 145.49 Equipment and materials: Limited rating.
(a) An applicant for a limited rating (other than specialized
services) under Sec. 145.33, must have the equipment and materials to
perform any job function appropriate to the rating and class specified
in Sec. 145.47 for the rating he seeks. However, he need not be equipped
for a function that does not apply to the particular make or model
article for which he seeks a rating, if he shows that it is not
necessary under the recommendations of the manufacturer of the article.
(b) An applicant for a rating for specialized services or techniques
under Sec. 145.33 must--
(1) For magnetic and penetrant inspection, have the equipment and
materials for wet and dry magnetic inspection techniques, residual and
continuous methods, and portable equipment for the inspection of welds
both on and off the aircraft;
[[Page 48]]
(2) For emergency equipment maintenance, have the equipment and
materials to perform inspections, repairs, and tests of all kinds of
inflated equipment, the re-packing, re-marking, re-sealing, and re-
stocking of life rafts, and the weighing, refilling, and testing of
carbon dioxide fire extinguishers and oxygen containers;
(3) For rotor blade maintenance, have the equipment, materials, and
technical data recommended by the manufacturer; and
(4) For aircraft fabric work, have the equipment and materials to
apply protective coatings to structures, machine stitch fabric panels,
perform covering, sewing, and rib stitching operations, apply dope and
paint using temperature and humidity control equipment, install patches,
grommets, tapes, hooks, and similar equipment, and refinish entire
aircraft and aircraft parts.
Sec. 145.51 Privileges of certificates.
A certificated domestic repair station may--
(a) Maintain or alter any airframe, powerplant, propeller,
instrument, radio, or accessory, or part thereof, for which it is rated;
(b) Approve for return to service any article for which it is rated
after it has been maintained or altered;
(c) In the case of a station with an airframe rating, perform 100-
hour, annual or progressive inspections, and return the aircraft to
service; and
(d) Maintain or alter any article for which it is rated at a place
other than the repair station, if--
(1) The function would be performed in the same manner as when
performed at the repair station and in accordance with Secs. 145.57 to
145.61;
(2) All necessary personnel, equipment, material, and technical data
is available at the place where the work is to be done; and
(3) The inspection procedures manual of the station sets forth
approved procedures governing work to be performed at a place other than
the repair station.
However, a certificated repair station may not approve for return to
service any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance
after major repair or major alteration unless the work was done in
accordance with technical data approved by the Administrator.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-2, 29
FR 5451, Apr. 23, 1964]
Sec. 145.53 Limitations of certificates.
A certificated domestic repair station may not maintain or alter any
airframe, powerplant, propeller, instrument, radio, or accessory for
which it is not rated, and may not maintain or alter any article for
which it is rated if it requires special technical data, equipment, or
facilities that are not available to it.
Sec. 145.55 Maintenance of personnel, facilities, equipment, and materials.
Each certificated domestic repair station shall provide personnel,
facilities equipment, and materials at least equal in quality and
quantity to the standards currently required for the issue of the
certificate and rating that it holds.
Sec. 145.57 Performance standards.
(a) Except as provided in Sec. 145.2, each certificated domestic
repair station shall perform its maintenance and alteration operations
in accord- ance with the standards in part 43 of this chapter. It shall
maintain, in current condition, all manufacturers' service manuals,
instructions, and service bulletins that relate to the articles that it
maintains or alters.
(b) In addition, each certificated domestic repair station with a
radio rating shall comply with those sections of part 43 of this chapter
that apply to electric systems, and shall use materials that conform to
approved specifications for equipment appropriate to its rating. It
shall use test apparatus, shop equipment, performance standards, test
methods, alterations, and calibrations that conform to the
manufacturers' specifications or instructions, approved specification,
and, if not otherwise specified, to accept good practices of the
aircraft radio industry.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-5, 31
FR 8585, June 21, 1966; Amdt. 145-7, 31 FR 10614, Aug. 9, 1966]
[[Page 49]]
Sec. 145.59 Inspection of work performed.
(a) Each certificated domestic repair station shall, before
approving an airframe, powerplant, propeller, instrument, radio, or
accessory for return to service after maintaining or altering it, have
that article inspected by a qualified inspector. After performing a
maintenance or alteration operation, the station shall certify on the
maintenance or alteration record of the article that it is airworthy
with respect to the work performed.
(b) For the purposes of paragraph (a) of this section, the qualified
inspector must be a person employed by the station, who has shown by
experience as a journeyman that he understands the inspection methods,
techniques, and equipment used in determining the air-worthiness of the
article concerned. He must also be proficient in using various types of
mechanical and visual inspection aids appropriate for the article being
inspected.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-16,
43 FR 22643, May 25, 1978]
Sec. 145.61 Performance records and reports.
Each certificated domestic repair station shall maintain adequate
records of all work that it does, naming the certificated mechanic or
repairman who performed or supervised the work, and the inspector of
that work. The station shall keep each record for at least two years
after the work it applies to is done.
Sec. 145.63 Reports of defects or unairworthy conditions.
(a) Each certificated domestic repair station shall report to the
Administrator within 72 hours after it discovers any serious defect in,
or other recurring unairworthy condition of, an aircraft, powerplant, or
propeller, or any component of any of them. The report shall be made on
a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator, describing the
defect or malfunction completely without withholding any pertinent
information.
(b) In any case where the filing of a report under paragraph (a) of
this section might prejudice the repair station, it shall refer the
matter to the Administrator for a determination as to whether it must be
reported. If the defect or malfunction could result in an imminent
hazard to flight, the repair station shall use the most expeditious
method it can to inform the Administrator.
(c) The holder of a domestic repair station certificate that is also
the holder of a part 121, 127, or 135 certificate, a Type Certificate
(including a Supplemental Type Certificate), a Parts Manufacturer
Approval (PMA), or a TSO authorization, or that is the licensee of a
Type Certificate, need not report a failure, malfunction, or defect
under this section if the failure, malfunction, or defect has been
reported by it, under Sec. 21.3, Sec. 37.17, Sec. 121.703, Sec. 127.313,
or Sec. 135.57 of this chapter.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-9, 35
FR 3155, Feb. 19, 1970; Amdt. 145-13, 35 FR 18189, Nov. 28, 1970]
Subpart C--Foreign Repair Stations
Sec. 145.71 General requirements.
A repair station certificate with appropriate ratings may be issued
for a foreign repair station if the Administrator determines that it
will be necessary for maintaining or altering United States registered
aircraft and aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, and component
parts thereof for use on United States registered aircraft. A foreign
repair station must meet the requirements for a domestic repair station
certificate, except those in Secs. 145.39 through 145.43.
[Doc. No. 25454, 53 FR 47376, Nov. 22, 1988]
Sec. 145.73 Scope of work authorized.
(a) A certificated foreign repair station may, with respect to
United States registered aircraft, maintain or alter aircraft,
airframes, powerplants, propellers, or component parts thereof. The
Administrator may prescribe operations specifications containing
limitations that the Administrator determines necessary to comply with
the airworthiness requirements of this chapter.
(b) A certificated foreign repair station may perform only the
specific
[[Page 50]]
services and functions within the ratings and classes that are stated in
its operations specifications.
[Doc. No. 25454, 53 FR 47376, Nov. 22, 1988]
Sec. 145.75 Personnel.
(a) Each applicant for a foreign repair station certificate and
rating, or for an additional rating, must provide enough personnel who
are able to perform, supervise, and inspect the work for which he seeks
a rating, with regard being given to its volume of work.
(b) The supervisors and inspectors of each certificated foreign
repair station must understand the regulations in this chapter, FAA
airworthiness directives, and the maintenance and service instructions
of the manufacturers of the articles to be worked on. However, they do
not need airman certificates issued under this chapter and, along with
the persons performing the work of the station, are not considered to be
airmen within the meaning of section 101(7) of the Federal Aviation Act
of 1958 (49 U.S.C. 1301) with respect to work performed in connection
with their employment by the foreign repair station.
(c) In cases where the persons engaged in supervision or final
inspection are not certificated under this chapter or by the country in
which the station is located, their qualifications are determined by the
Administrator, based on their ability to meet the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section as shown by oral or practical test or any
other method the Administrator elects.
(d) No person may be responsible for the supervision or final
inspection of work on an aircraft of United States registry at a foreign
repair station unless he can read, write, and understand English.
Sec. 145.77 General operating rules.
Each certificated foreign repair station shall comply with the
operating rules prescribed in subpart B of this part, except for
Secs. 145.61 and 145.63, and has the privileges of a domestic repair
station as provided in Sec. 145.51.
Sec. 145.79 Records and reports.
(a) Each certificated foreign repair station shall maintain such
records, and make such reports, with respect to United States registered
aircraft, as the Administrator finds necessary, including those
prescribed in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section.
(b) Each certificated foreign repair station shall keep a record of
the maintenance and alteration it performs on United States registered
aircraft, in enough detail to show the make, model, identification
number, and serial number of the aircraft involved, and a description of
the work. In a case of major repairs or major alterations, or both, it
shall report on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Administrator,
giving the original copy to the aircraft owner and sending a copy to the
Administrator through the FAA office having jurisdiction over the
station. However, if a major repair or alteration is made on a United
States scheduled flag air carrier aircraft, the report may be made in
the log or other record provided by the carrier for that purpose. Upon
request, the station shall make all of its maintenance and alteration
records available to the Administrator.
(c) Each certificated foreign repair station shall, within 72 hours
after it discovers any serious defect in, or other recurring unairworthy
condition of, any aircraft, powerplant, propeller, or any component of
any of them, that it works on under this part, report that defect or
unairworthy condition to the Administrator.
(d) The holder of a foreign repair station certificate that is also
the holder of a Type Certificate (including a Supplemental Type
Certificate), a Parts Manufacturer Approval (PMA), or a TSO
authorization or that is the licensee of a Type Certificate need not
report a failure, malfunction, or defect under this section if the
failure, malfunction, or defect has been reported by it, under Sec. 21.3
of this chapter or Sec. 37.17 of this chapter.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6662, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-9, 35
FR 3155, Feb. 19, 1970; Amdt. 145-13, 35 FR 18189, Nov. 28, 1970]
[[Page 51]]
Subpart D--Limited Ratings for Manufacturers
Authority: Secs. 313(a), 601, 602, 605, and 607, 72 Stat. 752; 49
U.S.C. 1354(a), 1421, 1422, 1425, and 1427.
Source: Docket No. 1221, 31 FR 5249, Apr. 1, 1966, unless otherwise
noted.
Sec. 145.101 Application and issue.
(a) Upon application in a form and manner prescribed by the
Administrator, a repair station certificate with a limited rating for a
manufacturer may be issued without further showing to--
(1) The holder or licensee of a Type Certificate who has an approved
production inspection system;
(2) The holder of a Production Certificate;
(3) Any person who meets the requirements of Sec. 21.303 of this
chapter, and has the prescribed Fabrication Inspection System; and
(4) The holder of a Technical Standard Order (TSO) authorization.
(b) Limited ratings are issued under paragraph (a) of this section
for--
(1) Aircraft manufactured by the holder of the rating under a Type
Certificate or a Production Certificate;
(2) Aircraft engines manufactured by the holder of the rating under
a Type Certificate or a Production Certificate;
(3) Propellers manufactured by the holder of the rating under a Type
Certificate or a Production Certificate;
(4) Appliances manufactured by the holder of the rating (i) under a
Type Certificate, (ii) under a Production Certificate, (iii) under a TSO
authorization, or (iv) in accordance with Sec. 21.303 of this chapter;
and
(5) Parts manufactured by the holder of the rating under a TSO
authorization or in accordance with Sec. 21.303 of this chapter.
Sec. 145.103 Privileges of certificates.
(a) The holder of a repair station certificate issued under this
subpart may maintain and approve for return to service any article for
which it is rated, and perform preventive maintenance on that article,
if certificated mechanics or repairmen are employed directly in charge
of the maintenance and preventive maintenance.
(b) The privileges granted under this section apply to any location
or facility unless the certificate limits the holder to specific
locations or facilities.
Sec. 145.105 Performance standards.
Except as provided in Sec. 145.2, each holder of a certificate
issued under this subpart shall perform its maintenance and preventive
maintenance operations in accordance with part 43 of this chapter.
[Amdt. 145-7, 31 FR 10614, Aug. 9, 1966]
Appendix A to Part 145
Note: When an asterisk (*) is shown after any job function listed in
this appendix it indicates that the applicant need not have the
equipment and material on his premises for performing this job function
provided he contracts that particular type work to an outside agency
having such equipment and material.
(a) An applicant for a Class 1, 2, 3, or 4 airframe rating must
provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the
following job functions:
(1) Steel structural components:
Repair or replace steel tubes and fittings using the proper welding
techniques when appropriate.
Anticorrosion treatment of the interior and exterior of steel parts,
Metal plating or anodizing*,
Simple machine operations such as making bushings, bolts, etc.,
Complex machine operations involving the use of planers, shapers,
milling machines, etc.*,
Fabricate steel fittings,
Abrasive air blasting and chemical cleaning operations*,
Heat treatment*,
Magnetic inspection*,
Repair or rebuilt metal tanks*.
(2) Wood structure:
Splice wood spars,
Repair ribs and spars (wood),
Fabricate wood spars*,
Repair or replace metal ribs,
Interior alignment of wings,
Repair or replace plywood skin,
Treatment against wood decay.
(3) Alloy skin and structural components:
Repair and replace metal skin, using power tools and equipment,
Repair and replace alloy members and components such as tubes,
channels, cowlings, fittings, attach angles, etc.,
Alignment of components using jigs or fixtures as in the case of
joining fuselage sections or other similar operations,
Make up wooden forming blocks or dies,
[[Page 52]]
Fluorescent inspection of alloy components*,
Fabricate alloy members and components such as tubes, channels,
cowlings, fittings, attach angles, etc.*
(4) Fabric covering:
Repairs to fabric surfaces,
Recovering and refinishing of components and entire aircraft*.
(5) Control systems:
Renewing control cables, using swaging and splicing techniques,
Rigging complete control system,
Renewing or repairing all control system hinge point components such
as pins, bushings, etc.,
Install control system units and components.
(6) Landing gear systems:
Renew or repair all landing gear hinge point components and
attachments such as bolts, bushings, fittings, etc.,
Overhaul and repair elastic shock absorber units,
Overhaul and repair hydraulic-pneumatic shock absorber units*,
Overhaul and repair brake system components*,
Conduct retraction cycle tests,
Overhaul and repair electrical circuits,
Overhaul and repair hydraulic system components*,
Repair or fabricate hydraulic lines.
(7) Electric wiring systems:
Diagnose malfunctions,
Repair or replace wiring,
Installation of electrical equipment,
Bench check electrical components (this check is not to be confused
with the more complex functional test after overhaul).
(8) Assembly operations:
Assembly of airframe component parts such as landing gear, wings,
controls, etc.,
Rigging and alignment of airframe components, including the complete
aircraft and control system,
Installation of powerplants,
Installation of instruments and accessories,
Assembly and fitting of cowling, fairings, etc.,
Repair and assembly of plastic components such as windshields,
windows, etc.,
Jack or hoist complete aircraft.
Conduct aircraft weight and balance operations (this function will
be conducted in draft-free area)*,
Balance control surfaces.
(b) An applicant for any class of power-plant rating must provide
equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the
following job functions appropriate to the class of rating applied for:
(1) Classes 1 and 2. (i) Maintain and alter powerplants, including
replacement of parts:
Chemical and mechanical cleaning,
Disassembly operations,
Replacement of valve guides and seats*,
Replacement of bushings, bearings, pins, inserts, etc.,
Plating operations (copper, silver, cadmium, etc.)*,
Heating operations (involving the use of recommended techniques
requiring controlled heating facilities),
Chilling or shrinking operations,
Removal and replacement of studs,
Inscribing or affixing identification information,
Painting of powerplants and components,
Anticorrosion treatment for parts,
Replacement and repair of powerplant alloy sheet metal and steel
components such as baffles, fittings, etc.*
(ii) Inspect all parts, using appropriate inspection aids:
Magnetic, fluorescent and other acceptable inspection aids*,
Precise determination of clearances and tolerances of all parts,
Inspection for alignment of connecting rods, crankshafts, impeller
shafts, etc.,
Balancing of parts, including crankshafts, impellers, etc.*,
Inspection of valve springs.
(iii) Accomplish routine machine work:
Precision grinding, honing and lapping operations (includes
crankshaft, cylinder barrels, etc.)*,
Precision drilling, tapping, boring, milling and cutting
operations*,
Reaming of inserts, bushings, bearings and other similar components,
Refacing of valves.
(iv) Perform assembly operations:
Valve and ignition timing operations,
Fabricate and test ignition harnesses,
Fabricate and test rigid and flexible fluid lines,
Prepare engines for long- or short-term storage,
Functional check powerplant accessories (this check is not to be
confused with the more complex performance test of overhaul)*,
Hoist engines by mechanical means,
Install engines in aircraft*,
Align and adjust engine controls*,
Installation of engines in aircraft and alignment and adjustment of
engine controls, when completed, must be inspected by either an
appropriately rated certificated mechanic or certificated repairman.
Persons supervising or inspecting these functions must thoroughly
understand the pertinent installation details involved.
(v) Test overhauled powerplants in compliance with manufacturers'
recommendations: The test equipment will be the same as recommended by
the manufacturers of the particular engines undergoing test or
equivalent equipment that will accomplish the same purpose. The testing
function may be performed by the repair station itself, or may be
[[Page 53]]
contracted to an outside agency. In either case the repair station will
be responsible for the final acceptance of the tested engine.
(2) Class 3. Functional and equipment requirements for turbine
engines will be governed entirely by the recommendations of the
manufacturer, including techniques, inspection methods, and test.
(c) An applicant for any class of propeller rating must provide
equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the
following job functions appropriate to the class of rating applied for:
(1) Class 1. (i) Maintain and alter propellers, including
installation and replacement of parts:
Replace blade tipping,
Refinish wood propellers,
Make wood inlays,
Refinish plastic blades,
Straighten bent blades within repairable tolerances,
Modify blade diameter and profile,
Polish and buff,
Painting operations,
Remove from and reinstall on powerplants.
(ii) Inspect components, using appropriate inspection aids:
Inspect propellers for conformity with manufacturer's drawings and
specifications,
Inspect hubs and blades for failures and defects, using magnetic or
fluorescent inspection devices*,
Inspect hubs and blades for failures and defects, using all visual
aids, including the etching of parts,
Inspect hubs for wear of splines or keyways or any other defect.
(iii) Repair or replace components: (Not applicable to this class).
(iv) Balance propellers:
Test for proper track on aircraft,
Test for horizontal and vertical unbalance (this test will be
accomplished with the use of precision equipment).
(v) Test propeller pitch-changing mechanisms: (Not applicable to
this class).
(2) Class 2. (i) Maintain and alter propellers, including
installation and the replacement of parts:
All functions listed under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this appendix when
applicable to the make and model propeller for which a rating is sought,
Properly lubricate moving parts,
Assemble complete propeller and subassemblies, using special tools
when required.
(ii) Inspect components, using appropriate inspection aids: All
functions listed under paragraph (c)(1)(ii) of this appendix when
applicable to the make and model propeller for which a rating is sought.
(iii) Repair or replace component parts:
Replace blades, hubs, or any of their components,
Repair or replace anti-icing devices,
Remove nicks or scratches from metal blades,
Repair or replace electrical propeller components.
(iv) Balance propellers: All functions listed under paragraph
(c)(1)(iv) of this appendix when applicable to the make and model
propeller for which a rating is sought.
(v) Test propeller pitch-changing mechanism:
Test hydraulically, propellers and components,
Test electrically operated propellers and components,
Test of constant speed devices*.
(d) An applicant for a radio rating must provide equipment and
materials as follows:
(1) For a Class 1 (Communications) radio rating, the equipment and
materials necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed
in paragraph (4) and the following job functions:
The testing and repair of headsets, speakers, and microphones.
The measuring of radio transmitter power output.
(2) For a Class 2 (Navigation) radio rating, the equipment and
materials necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed
in paragraph (4) and the following job functions:
The testing and repair of headsets.
The testing of speakers.
The repair of speakers.*
The measuring of loop antenna sensitivity by appropriate methods.
The determination and compensation for quadrantal error in aircraft
direction finder radio equipment.
The calibration of any radio navigational equipment, enroute and
approach aids, or similar equipment, appropriate to this rating to
approved performance standards.
(3) For Class 3 (Radar) radio rating, the equipment and materials
necessary for efficiently performing the job functions listed in
paragraph (4) and the following job functions:
The measuring of radio transmitter power output.
The metal plating of transmission lines, wave guides, and similar
equipment in accordance with appropriate specifications.*
The pressurization of appropriate radar equipment with dry air,
nitrogen, or other specified gases.
(4) For all classes of radio ratings, the equipment and materials
necessary for efficiently performing the following job functions:
Perform physical inspection of radio systems and components by
visual and mechanical methods.
Perform electrical inspection of radio systems and components by
means of appropriate electrical and/or electronic test instruments.
[[Page 54]]
Check aircraft wiring, antennas, connectors, relays, and other
associated radio components to detect installation faults.
Check engine ignition systems and aircraft accessories to determine
sources of electrical interference.
Check aircraft power supplies for adequacy and proper functioning.
Test radio instruments.*
Overhaul, test, and check dynamotors, inverters, and other radio
electrical apparatus.*
Paint and refinish equipment containers.*
Accomplish appropriate methods of marking calibrations, or other
information on radio control panels and other components, as required.*
Make and reproduce drawings, wiring diagrams, and other similar
material required to record alterations and/or modifications to radio
(photographs may be used in lieu of drawings when they will serve as an
equivalent or better means of recording).*
Fabricate tuning shaft assemblies, brackets, cable assemblies, and
other similar components used in radios or aircraft radio
installations.*
Align tuned circuits (RF and IF).
Install and repair aircraft antennas.
Install complete radio systems in aircraft and prepare weight and
balance reports* (That phase of radio installation requiring alterations
to the aircraft structure must be performed, supervised, and inspected
by qualified personnel).
Measure modulation values, noise, and distortion in radios.
Measure audio and radio frequencies to appropriate tolerances and
perform calibration necessary for the proper operation of radios.
Measure radio component values (inductance, capacitance, resistance,
etc.).
Measure radiofrequency transmission line attenuation.
Determine wave forms and phase in radios when applicable.
Determine proper aircraft radio antenna, lead-in and transmission
line characteristics and locations for type of radio equipment to which
connected.
Determine operational condition of radio equipment installed in
aircraft by using appropriate portable test apparatus.
Determine proper location for radio antennas on aircraft.
Test all types of electronic tubes, transistors, or similar devices
in equipment appropriate to the rating.
(e) An applicant for any class of instrument rating must provide
equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the
following job functions, in accordance with pertinent specifications and
manufacturers' recommendations, appropriate to the class of rating
applied for:
(1) Class 1. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose
malfunctioning of the following instruments:
Rate of climb indicators,
Altimeters,
Air speed indicators,
Vacuum indicators,
Oil pressure gauges,
Fuel pressure gauges,
Hydraulic pressure gauges,
Deicing pressure gauges,
Pitot-static tube,
Direct indicating compasses,
Accelerometer,
Direct indicating tachometers,
Direct reading fuel quantity gauges,
Optical (sextants, drift sights, etc.)*.
(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and
replacement of parts:
Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph
(e)(1)(i) of this appendix.
The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument
panels and other installation structural components. The repair station
should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be
contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the
function.
(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these
functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this
appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.
(2) Class 2. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose
malfunctioning of the following instruments:
Tachometers,
Synchroscope,
Electric temperature indicators,
Electric resistance type indicators,
Moving magnet type indicators,
Resistance type fuel indicators,
Warning units (oil-fuel),
Selsyn systems and indicators,
Self-synchronous systems and indicators,
Remote indicating compasses,
Fuel quantity indicators,
Oil quantity indicators,
Radio indicators,
Ammeters,
Voltmeters.
(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and the
replacement of parts:
Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph
(e)(2)(i) of this appendix.
The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument
panels and other installation structural components. The repair station
should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be
contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the
function.
[[Page 55]]
(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these
functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this
appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.
(3) Class 3. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose
malfunctioning of the following instruments:
Turn and bank indicators,
Directional gyros,
Horizon gyros,
Auto pilot control units and components*,
Remote reading direction indicators*.
(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and
replacement of parts:
Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph
(e)(3)(i) of this appendix.
The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument
panels and other installation structural components. The repair station
should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be
contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the
function.
(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these
functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this
appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.
(4) Class 4. (i) Diagnose instrument malfunctions: Diagnose
malfunctioning of the following instruments:
Capacitance type quantity gauge,
Other electronic instruments,
Engine analyzers.
(ii) Maintain and alter instruments, including installation and
replacement of parts:
Perform these functions on instruments listed under paragraph
(e)(4)(i) of this appendix.
The function of installation includes fabrication of instrument
panels and other installation structural components. The repair station
should be equipped to perform this function. However, it may be
contracted to a competent outside agency equipped to perform the
function.
(iii) Inspect, test and calibrate instruments: Perform these
functions on instruments listed under paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this
appendix, on and off the aircraft, when appropriate.
(f) An applicant for a Class 1, 2, or 3 accessory rating must
provide equipment and material necessary for efficiently performing the
following job functions, in accordance with pertinent specifications and
the manufacturers' recommendations:
(1) Diagnose accessory malfunctions.
(2) Maintain and alter accessories, including installation and the
replacement of the parts.
(3) Inspect, test, and, where necessary, calibrate accessories.
(Secs. 313, 314, and 601 through 610, of the Federal Aviation Act of
1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1354, 1355, 1421 through 1430); sec. 6(c),
Dept. of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1655(c)))
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 11693, Nov. 28, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 145-14,
35 FR 19349, Dec. 22, 1970; Amdt. 145-19, 47 FR 33391, Aug. 2, 1982]
PART 147--AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN SCHOOLS--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General
Sec.
147.1 Applicability.
147.3 Certificate required.
147.5 Application and issue.
147.7 Duration of certificates.
Subpart B--Certification Requirements
147.11 Ratings.
147.13 Facilities, equipment, and material requirements.
147.15 Space requirements.
147.17 Instructional equipment requirements.
147.19 Materials, special tools, and shop equipment requirements.
147.21 General curriculum requirements.
147.23 Instructor requirements.
Subpart C--Operating Rules
147.31 Attendance and enrollment, tests and credit for prior
instruction or experience.
147.33 Records.
147.35 Transcripts and graduation certificates.
147.36 Maintenance of instructor requirements.
147.37 Maintenance of facilities, equipment and material.
147.38 Maintenance of curriculum requirements.
147.38a Quality of instruction.
147.39 Display of certificate.
147.41 Change of location.
147.43 Inspection.
147.45 Advertising.
Appendix A to Part 147--Curriculum Requirements
Appendix B to Part 147--General Curriculum Subjects
Appendix C to Part 147--Airframe Curriculum Subjects
Appendix D to Part 147--Powerplant Curriculum Subjects
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701-44702, 44707-44709.
[[Page 56]]
Source: Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6669 July 13, 1962, unless otherwise
noted.
Subpart A--General
Sec. 147.1 Applicability.
This part prescribes the requirements for issuing aviation
maintenance technician school certificates and associated ratings and
the general operating rules for the holders of those certificates and
ratings.
Sec. 147.3 Certificate required.
No person may operate as a certificated aviation maintenance
technician school without, or in violation of, an aviation maintenance
technician school certificate issued under this part.
[Doc. No. 15196, 41 FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]
Sec. 147.5 Application and issue.
(a) An application for a certificate and rating, or for an
additional rating, under this part is made on a form and in a manner
prescribed by the Administrator, and submitted with--
(1) A description of the proposed curriculum;
(2) A list of the facilities and materials to be used;
(3) A list of its instructors, including the kind of certificate and
ratings held and the certificate numbers; and
(4) A statement of the maximum number of students it expects to
teach at any one time.
(b) An applicant who meets the requirements of this part is entitled
to an aviation maintenance technician school certificate and associated
ratings prescribing such operations specifications and limitations as
are necessary in the interests of safety.
[Docket No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5,
57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.7 Duration of certificates.
(a) An aviation maintenance technician school certificate or rating
is effective until it is surrendered, suspended, or revoked.
(b) The holder of a certificate that is surrendered, suspended, or
revoked, shall return it to the Administrator.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 19, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-3, 41
FR 47230, Oct. 28, 1976]
Subpart B--Certification Requirements
Sec. 147.11 Ratings.
The following ratings are issued under this part:
(a) Airframe.
(b) Powerplant.
(c) Airframe and powerplant.
Sec. 147.13 Facilities, equipment, and material requirements.
An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have at least
the facilities, equipment, and materials specified in Secs. 147.15 to
147.19 that are appropriate to the rating he seeks.
Sec. 147.15 Space requirements.
An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have such of
the following properly heated, lighted, and ventilated facilities as are
appropriate to the rating he seeks and as the Administrator determines
are appropriate for the maximum number of students expected to be taught
at any time:
(a) An enclosed classroom suitable for teaching theory classes.
(b) Suitable facilities, either central or located in training
areas, arranged to assure proper separation from the working space, for
parts, tools, materials, and similar articles.
(c) Suitable area for application of finishing materials, including
paint spraying.
(d) Suitable areas equipped with washtank and degreasing equipment
with air pressure or other adequate cleaning equipment.
(e) Suitable facilities for running engines.
(f) Suitable area with adequate equipment, including benches,
tables, and test equipment, to disassemble, service, and inspect.
[[Page 57]]
(1) Ignition, electrical equipment, and appliances;
(2) Carburetors and fuel systems; and
(3) Hydraulic and vacuum systems for aircraft, aircraft engines, and
their appliances.
(g) Suitable space with adequate equipment, including tables,
benches, stands, and jacks, for disassembling, inspecting, and rigging
aircraft.
(h) Suitable space with adequate equipment for disassembling,
inspecting, assembling, troubleshooting, and timing engines.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5533, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.17 Instructional equipment requirements.
(a) An applicant for a mechanic school certificate and rating, or
for an additional rating, must have such of the following instructional
equipment as is appropriate to the rating he seeks:
(1) Various kinds of airframe structures, airframe systems and
components, powerplants, and powerplant systems and components
(including propellers), of a quantity and type suitable to complete the
practical projects required by its approved curriculums.
(2) At least one aircraft of a type currently certificated by FAA
for private or commercial operation, with powerplant, propeller,
instruments, navigation and communications equipment, landing lights,
and other equipment and accessories on which a maintenance technician
might be required to work and with which the technician should be
familiar.
(b) The equipment required by paragraph (a) of this section need not
be in an airworthy condition. However, if it was damaged, it must have
been repaired enough for complete assembly.
(c) Airframes, powerplants, propellers, appliances, and components
thereof, on which instruction is to be given, and from which practical
working experience is to be gained, must be so diversified as to show
the different methods of construction, assembly, inspection, and
operation when installed in an aircraft for use. There must be enough
units so that not more than eight students will work on any one unit at
a time.
(d) If the aircraft used for instructional purposes does not have
retractable landing gear and wing flaps, the school must provide
training aids, or operational mock-ups of them.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 19, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57
FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.19 Materials, special tools, and shop equipment requirements.
An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have an
adequate supply of material, special tools, and such of the shop
equipment as are appropriate to the approved curriculum of the school
and are used in constructing and maintaining aircraft, to assure that
each student will be properly instructed. The special tools and shop
equipment must be in satisfactory working condition for the purpose for
which they are to be used.
[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.21 General curriculum requirements.
(a) An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must have an
approved curriculum that is designed to qualify his students to perform
the duties of a mechanic for a particular rating or ratings.
(b) The curriculum must offer at least the following number of hours
of instruction for the rating shown, and the instruction unit hour shall
not be less than 50 minutes in length--
(1) Airframe--1,150 hours (400 general plus 750 airframe).
(2) Powerplant--1,150 hours (400 general plus 750 powerplant).
(3) Combined airframe and powerplant--1,900 hours (400 general plus
750 airframe and 750 powerplant).
(c) The curriculum must cover the subjects and items prescribed in
appendixes B, C, or D, as applicable. Each item must be taught to at
least the indicated level of proficiency, as defined in appendix A.
(d) The curriculum must show--
[[Page 58]]
(1) The required practical projects to be completed;
(2) For each subject, the proportions of theory and other
instruction to be given; and
(3) A list of the minimum required school tests to be given.
(e) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (d) of
this section and Sec. 147.11, the holder of a certificate issued under
subpart B of this part may apply for and receive approval of special
courses in the performance of special inspection and preventive
maintenance programs for a primary category aircraft type certificated
under Sec. 21.24(b) of this chapter. The school may also issue
certificates of competency to persons successfully completing such
courses provided that all other requirements of this part are met and
the certificate of competency specifies the aircraft make and model to
which the certificate applies.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962 as amended by Amdt. 147-1, 32
FR 5770 Apr. 11, 1967; Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992; Amdt.
147-6, 57 FR 41370, Sept. 9, 1992]
Sec. 147.23 Instructor requirements.
An applicant for an aviation maintenance technician school
certificate and rating, or for an additional rating, must provide the
number of instructors holding appropriate mechanic certificates and
ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate
instruction and supervision of the students, including at least one such
instructor for each 25 students in each shop class. However, the
applicant may provide specialized instructors, who are not certificated
mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic
hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects. The applicant is required to
maintain a list of the names and qualifications of specialized
instructors, and upon request, provide a copy of the list to the FAA.
[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Subpart C--Operating Rules
Sec. 147.31 Attendance and enrollment, tests, and credit for prior instruction or experience.
(a) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school may not
require any student to attend classes of instruction more than 8 hours
in any day or more than 6 days or 40 hours in any 7-day period.
(b) Each school shall give an appropriate test to each student who
completes a unit of instruction as shown in that school's approved
curriculum.
(c) A school may not graduate a student unless he has completed all
of the appropriate curriculum requirements. However, the school may
credit a student with instruction or previous experience as follows:
(1) A school may credit a student with instruction satisfactorily
completed at--
(i) An accredited university, college, junior college;
(ii) An accredited vocational, technical, trade or high school;
(iii) A military technical school;
(iv) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school.
(2) A school may determine the amount of credit to be allowed--
(i) By an entrance test equal to one given to the students who
complete a comparable required curriculum subject at the crediting
school;
(ii) By an evaluation of an authenticated transcript from the
student's former school; or
(iii) In the case of an applicant from a military school, only on
the basis of an entrance test.
(3) A school may credit a student with previous aviation maintenance
experience comparable to required curriculum subjects. It must determine
the amount of credit to be allowed by documents verifying that
experience, and by giving the student a test equal to the one given to
students who complete the comparable required curriculum subject at the
school.
[[Page 59]]
(4) A school may credit a student seeking an additional rating with
previous satisfactory completion of the general portion of an AMTS
curriculum.
(d) A school may not have more students enrolled than the number
stated in its application for a certificate, unless it amends its
application and has it approved.
(e) A school shall use an approved system for determining final
course grades and for recording student attendance. The system must show
hours of absence allowed and show how the missed material will be made
available to the student.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-4, 43 FR
22643, May 25, 1978; Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.33 Records.
(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall
keep a current record of each student enrolled, showing--
(1) His attendance, tests, and grades received on the subjects
required by this part;
(2) The instruction credited to him under Sec. 147.31(c), if any;
and
(3) The authenticated transcript of his grades from that school.
It shall retain the record for at least two years after the end of the
student's enrollment, and shall make each record available for
inspection by the Administrator during that period.
(b) Each school shall keep a current progress chart or individual
progress record for each of its students, showing the practical projects
or laboratory work completed, or to be completed, by the student in each
subject.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962]
Sec. 147.35 Transcripts and graduation certificates.
(a) Upon request, each certificated aviation maintenance technician
school shall provide a transcript of the student's grades to each
student who is graduated from that school or who leaves it before being
graduated. An official of the school shall authenticate the transcript.
The transcript must state the curriculum in which the student was
enrolled, whether the student satisfactorily completed that curriculum,
and the final grades the student received.
(b) Each school shall give a graduation certificate or certificate
of completion to each student that it graduates. An official of the
school shall authenticate the certificate. The certificate must show the
date of graduation and the approved curriculum title.
[Doc. No. 1157, 27 FR 6669, July 13, 1962, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57
FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.36 Maintenance of instructor requirements.
Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall,
after certification or addition of a rating, continue to provide the
number of instructors holding appropriate mechanic certificates and
ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate
instruction to the students, including at least one such instructor for
each 25 students in each shop class. The school may continue to provide
specialized instructors who are not certificated mechanics to teach
mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and
similar subjects.
[Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR 28959, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.37 Maintenance of facilities, equipment, and material.
(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall
provide facilities, equipment, and material equal to the standards
currently required for the issue of the certificate and rating that it
holds.
(b) A school may not make a substantial change in facilities,
equipment, or material that have been approved for a particular
curriculum, unless that change is approved in advance.
Sec. 147.38 Maintenance of curriculum requirements.
(a) Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall
adhere to its approved curriculum. With FAA approval, curriculum
subjects may be taught at levels exceeding those shown in Appendix A of
this part.
[[Page 60]]
(b) A school may not change its approved curriculum unless the
change is approved in advance.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28960, June 29, 1992]
Sec. 147.38a Quality of instruction.
Each certificated aviation maintenance technician school shall
provide instruction of such quality that, of its graduates of a
curriculum for each rating who apply for a mechanic certificate or
additional rating within 60 days after they are graduated, the
percentage of those passing the applicable FAA written tests on their
first attempt during any period of 24 calendar months is at least the
percentage figured as follows:
(a) For a school graduating fewer than 51 students during that
period--the national passing norm minus the number 20.
(b) For a school graduating at least 51, but fewer than 201,
students during that period--the national passing norm minus the number
15.
(c) For a school graduating more than 200 students during that
period--the national passing norm minus the number 10.
As used in this section, ``national passing norm'' is the number
representing the percentage of all graduates (of a curriculum for a
particular rating) of all certificated aviation maintenance technician
schools who apply for a mechanic certificate or additional rating within
60 days after they are graduated and pass the applicable FAA written
tests on their first attempt during the period of 24 calendar months
described in this section.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-3, 41 FR
47230, Oct. 28, 1976]
Sec. 147.39 Display of certificate.
Each holder of an aviation maintenance technician school certificate
and ratings shall display them at a place in the school that is normally
accessible to the public and is not obscured. The certificate must be
available for inspection by the Administrator.
Sec. 147.41 Change of location.
The holder of an aviation maintenance technician school certificate
may not make any change in the school's location unless the change is
approved in advance. If the holder desires to change the location he
shall notify the Administrator, in writing, at least 30 days before the
date the change is contemplated. If he changes its location without
approval, the certificate is revoked.
Sec. 147.43 Inspection.
The Administrator may, at any time, inspect an aviation maintenance
technician school to determine its compliance with this part. Such an
inspection is normally made once each six months to determine if the
school continues to meet the requirements under which it was originally
certificated. After such an inspection is made, the school is notified,
in writing, of any deficiencies found during the inspection. Other
informal inspections may be made from time to time.
Sec. 147.45 Advertising.
(a) A certificated aviation maintenance technician school may not
make any statement relating to itself that is false or is designed to
mislead any person considering enrollment therein.
(b) Whenever an aviation maintenance technician school indicates in
advertising that it is a certificated school, it shall clearly
distinguish between its approved courses and those that are not
approved.
Appendix A to Part 147--Curriculum Requirements
This appendix defines terms used in Appendices B, C, and D of this
part, and describes the levels of proficiency at which items under each
subject in each curriculum must be taught, as outlined in Appendices B,
C, and D.
(a) Definitions. As used in Appendices B, C, and D:
(1) Inspect means to examine by sight and touch.
(2) Check means to verify proper operation.
(3) Troubleshoot means to analyze and identify malfunctions.
(4) Service means to perform functions that assure continued
operation.
(5) Repair means to correct a defective condition. Repair of an
airframe or powerplant
[[Page 61]]
system includes component replacement and adjustment, but not component
repair.
(6) Overhaul means to disassemble, inspect, repair as necessary, and
check.
(b) Teaching levels.
(1) Level 1 requires:
(i) Knowledge of general principles, but no practical application.
(ii) No development of manipulative skill.
(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, and discussion.
(2) Level 2 requires:
(i) Knowledge of general principles, and limited practical
application.
(ii) Development of sufficient manipulative skill to perform basic
operations.
(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, discussion, and limited
practical application.
(3) Level 3 requires:
(i) Knowledge of general principles, and performance of a high
degree of practical application.
(ii) Development of sufficient manipulative skills to simulate
return to service.
(iii) Instruction by lecture, demonstration, discussion, and a high
degree of practical application.
(c) Teaching materials and equipment.
The curriculum may be presented utilizing currently accepted
educational materials and equipment, including, but not limited to:
calculators, computers, and audio-visual equipment.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28960, June 29, 1992]
Appendix B to Part 147--General Curriculum Subjects
This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 400 hours in
general curriculum subjects.
The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject
heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be
taught.
Teaching
level
a. basic electricity
(2) ... 1. Calculate and measure capacitance and inductance.
(2) ... 2. Calculate and measure electrical power.
(3) ... 3. Measure voltage, current, resistance, and continuity.
(3) ... 4. Determine the relationship of voltage, current, and
resistance in electrical circuits.
(3) ... 5. Read and interpret aircraft electrical circuit diagrams,
including solid state devices and logic functions.
(3) ... 6. Inspect and service batteries.
b. aircraft drawings
(2) ... 7. Use aircraft drawings, symbols, and system schematics.
(3) ... 8. Draw sketches of repairs and alterations.
(3) ... 9. Use blueprint information.
(3) ... 10. Use graphs and charts.
c. weight and balance
(2) ... 11. Weigh aircraft.
(3) ... 12. Perform complete weight-and-balance check and record data.
d. fluid lines and fittings
(3) ... 13. Fabricate and install rigid and flexible fluid lines and
fittings.
e. materials and processes
(1) ... 14. Identify and select appropriate nondestructive testing
methods.
(2) ... 15. Perform dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic, and
magnetic particle inspections.
(1) ... 16. Perform basic heat-treating processes.
(3) ... 17. Identify and select aircraft hardware and materials.
(3) ... 18. Inspect and check welds.
(3) ... 19. Perform precision measurements.
f. ground operation and servicing
(2) ... 20. Start, ground operate, move, service, and secure aircraft
and identify typical ground operation hazards.
(2) ... 21. Identify and select fuels.
g. cleaning and corrosion control
(3) ... 22. Identify and select cleaning materials.
(3) ... 23. Inspect, identify, remove, and treat aircraft corrosion
and perform aircraft cleaning.
h. mathematics
(3) ... 24. Extract roots and raise numbers to a given power.
(3) ... 25. Determine areas and volumes of various geometrical shapes.
(3) ... 26. Solve ratio, proportion, and percentage problems.
(3) ... 27. Perform algebraic operations involving addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division of positive and
negative numbers.
i. maintenance forms and records
(3) ... 28. Write descriptions of work performed including aircraft
discrepancies and corrective actions using typical aircraft
maintenance records.
(3) ... 29. Complete required maintenance forms, records, and
inspection reports.
j. basic physics
(2) ... 30. Use and understand the principles of simple machines;
sound, fluid, and heat dynamics; basic aerodynamics; aircraft
structures; and theory of flight.
k. maintenance publications
(3) ... 31. Demonstrate ability to read, comprehend, and apply
information contained in FAA and manufacturers' aircraft
maintenance specifications, data sheets, manuals,
publications, and related Federal Aviation Regulations,
Airworthiness Directives, and Advisory material.
(3) ... 32. Read technical data.
l. mechanic privileges and limitations
(3) ... 33. Exercise mechanic privileges within the limitations
prescribed by part 65 of this chapter.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5534, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28960, June 29, 1992]
[[Page 62]]
Appendix C to Part 147--Airframe Curriculum Subjects
This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 750 hours of
each airframe curriculum, in addition to at least 400 hours in general
curriculum subjects.
The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject
heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be
taught.
I. Airframe Structures
Teaching
level
a. wood structures
(1) ... 1. Service and repair wood structures.
(1) ... 2. Identify wood defects.
(1) ... 3. Inspect wood structures.
b. aircraft covering
(1) ... 4. Select and apply fabric and fiberglass covering materials.
(1) ... 5. Inspect, test, and repair fabric and fiberglass.
c. aircraft finishes
(1) ... 6. Apply trim, letters, and touchup paint.
(2) ... 7. Identify and select aircraft finishing materials.
(2) ... 8. Apply finishing materials.
(2) ... 9. Inspect finishes and identify defects.
d. sheet metal and non-metallic structures
(2) ... 10. Select, install, and remove special fasteners for
metallic, bonded, and composite structures.
(2) ... 11. Inspect bonded structures.
(2) ... 12. Inspect, test, and repair fiberglass, plastics, honeycomb,
composite, and laminated primary and secondary structures.
(2) ... 13. Inspect, check, service, and repair windows, doors, and
interior furnishings.
(3) ... 14. Inspect and repair sheet-metal structures.
(3) ... 15. Install conventional rivets.
(3) ... 16. Form, lay out, and bend sheet metal.
e. welding
(1) ... 17. Weld magnesium and titanium.
(1) ... 18. Solder stainless steel.
(1) ... 19. Fabricate tubular structures.
(2) ... 20. Solder, braze, gas-weld, and arc-weld steel.
(1) ... 21. Weld aluminum and stainless steel.
f. assembly and rigging
(1) ... 22. Rig rotary-wing aircraft.
(2) ... 23. Rig fixed-wing aircraft.
(2) ... 24. Check alignment of structures.
(3) ... 25. Assemble aircraft components, including flight control
surfaces.
(3) ... 26. Balance, rig, and inspect movable primary and secondary
flight control surfaces.
(3) ... 27. Jack aircraft.
g. airframe inspection
(3) ... 28. Perform airframe conformity and airworthiness inspections.
II. Airframe Systems and Components
Teaching
level
a. aircraft landing gear systems
(3) ... 29. Inspect, check, service, and repair landing gear,
retraction systems, shock struts, brakes, wheels, tires, and
steering systems.
b. hydraulic and pneumatic power systems
(2) ... 30. Repair hydraulic and pneumatic power systems components.
(3) ... 31. Identify and select hydraulic fluids.
(3) ... 32. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair
hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
c. cabin atmosphere control systems
(1) ... 33. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating,
cooling, air conditioning, pressurization systems, and air
cycle machines.
(1) ... 34. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair heating,
cooling, air-conditioning, and pressurization systems.
(2) ... 35. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service and repair oxygen
systems.
d. aircraft instrument systems
(1) ... 36. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair
electronic flight instrument systems and both mechanical and
electrical heading, speed, altitude, temperature, pressure,
and position indicating systems to include the use of built-
in test equipment.
(2) ... 37. Install instruments and perform a static pressure system
leak test.
e. communication and navigation systems
(1) ... 38. Inspect, check, and troubleshoot autopilot, servos and
approach coupling systems.
(1) ... 39. Inspect, check, and service aircraft electronic
communication and navigation systems, including VHF passenger
address interphones and static discharge devices, aircraft
VOR, ILS, LORAN, Radar beacon transponders, flight management
computers, and GPWS.
(2) ... 40. Inspect and repair antenna and electronic equipment
installations.
f. aircraft fuel systems
(1) ... 41. Check and service fuel dump systems.
(1) ... 42. Perform fuel management transfer, and defueling.
(1) ... 43. Inspect, check, and repair pressure fueling systems.
(2) ... 44. Repair aircraft fuel system components.
(2) ... 45. Inspect and repair fluid quantity indicating systems.
(2) ... 46. Troubleshoot, service, and repair fluid pressure and
temperature warning systems.
(3) ... 47. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft
fuel systems.
g. aircraft electrical systems
(2) ... 48. Repair and inspect aircraft electrical system components;
crimp and splice wiring to manufacturers' specifications; and
repair pins and sockets of aircraft connectors.
(3) ... 49. Install, check, and service airframe electrical wiring,
controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.
(3) ... 50.a. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair
alternating and direct current electrical systems.
(1) ... 50.b. Inspect, check, and troubleshoot constant speed and
integrated speed drive generators.
[[Page 63]]
h. position and warning systems
(2) ... 51. Inspect, check, and service speed and configuration
warning systems, electrical brake controls, and anti-skid
systems.
(3) ... 52. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, and service landing gear
position indicating and warning systems.
i. ice and rain control systems
(2) ... 53. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair airframe
ice and rain control systems.
j. fire protection systems
(1) ... 54. Inspect, check, and service smoke and carbon monoxide
detection systems.
(3) ... 55. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft
fire detection and extinguishing systems.
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5535, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28960, June 29, 1992]
Appendix D to Part 147--Powerplant Curriculum Subjects
This appendix lists the subjects required in at least 750 hours of
each powerplant curriculum, in addition to at least 400 hours in general
curriculum subjects.
The number in parentheses before each item listed under each subject
heading indicates the level of proficiency at which that item must be
taught.
I. Powerplant Theory and Maintenance
Teaching
level
a. reciprocating engines
(1) ... 1. Inspect and repair a radial engine.
(2) ... 2. Overhaul reciprocating engine.
(3) ... 3. Inspect, check, service, and repair reciprocating engines
and engine installations.
(3) ... 4. Install, troubleshoot, and remove reciprocating engines.
b. turbine engines
(2) ... 5. Overhaul turbine engine.
(3) ... 6. Inspect, check, service, and repair turbine engines and
turbine engine installations.
(3) ... 7. Install, troubleshoot, and remove turbine engines.
c. engine inspection
(3) ... 8. Perform powerplant conformity and air worthiness
inspections.
II. Powerplant Systems and Components
Teaching
level
a. engine instrument systems
(2) ... 9. Troubleshoot, service, and repair electrical and mechanical
fluid rate-of-flow indicating systems.
(3) ... 10. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair
electrical and mechanical engine temperature, pressure, and
r.p.m. indicating systems.
b. engine fire protection systems
(3) ... 11. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine
fire detection and extinguishing systems.
c. engine electrical systems
(2) ... 12. Repair engine electrical system components.
(3) ... 13. Install, check, and service engine electrical wiring,
controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices.
d. lubrication systems
(2) ... 14. Identify and select lubricants.
(2) ... 15. Repair engine lubrication system components.
(3) ... 16. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine
lubrication systems.
e. ignition and starting systems
(2) ... 17. Overhaul magneto and ignition harness.
(2) ... 18. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating
and turbine engine ignition systems and components.
(3) ... 19.a. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair turbine
engine electrical starting systems.
(1) ... 19.b. Inspect, service, and troubleshoot turbine engine
pneumatic starting systems.
f. fuel metering systems
(1) ... 20. Troubleshoot and adjust turbine engine fuel metering
systems and electronic engine fuel controls.
(2) ... 21. Overhaul carburetor.
(2) ... 22. Repair engine fuel metering system components.
(3) ... 23. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair
reciprocating and turbine engine fuel metering systems.
g. engine fuel systems
(2) ... 24. Repair engine fuel system components.
(3) ... 25. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine
fuel systems.
h. induction and engine airflow systems
(2) ... 26. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine
ice and rain control systems.
(1) ... 27. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot and repair heat
exchangers, superchargers, and turbine engine airflow and
temperature control systems.
(3) ... 28. Inspect, check, service, and repair carburetor air intake
and induction manifolds.
i. engine cooling systems
(2) ... 29. Repair engine cooling system components.
(3) ... 30. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine
cooling systems.
j. engine exhaust and reverser systems
(2) ... 31. Repair engine exhaust system components.
(3) ... 32.a. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine
exhaust systems.
(1) ... 32.b. Troubleshoot and repair engine thrust reverser systems
and related components.
k. propellers
(1) ... 33. Inspect, check, service, and repair propeller
synchronizing and ice control systems.
(2) ... 34. Identify and select propeller lubricants.
[[Page 64]]
(1) ... 35. Balance propellers.
(2) ... 36. Repair propeller control system components.
(3) ... 37. Inspect, check, service, and repair fixed-pitch, constant-
speed, and feathering propellers, and propeller governing
systems.
(3) ... 38. Install, troubleshoot, and remove propellers.
(3) ... 39. Repair aluminum alloy propeller blades.
l. unducted fans
(1) ... 40. Inspect and troubleshoot unducted fan systems and
components.
m. auxiliary power units
(1) ... 41. Inspect, check, service, and troubleshoot turbine-driven
auxiliary power units.
(Sec. 6(c), Dept. of Transportation Act; 49 U.S.C. 1655(c))
[Amdt. 147-2, 35 FR 5535, Apr. 3, 1970, as amended by Amdt. 147-5, 57 FR
28961, June 29, 1992]
[[Page 65]]
SUBCHAPTER I--AIRPORTS
PART 150--AIRPORT NOISE COMPATIBILITY PLANNING--Table of Contents
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec.
150.1 Scope and purpose.
150.3 Applicability.
150.5 Limitations of this part.
150.7 Definitions.
150.9 Designation of noise systems.
150.11 Identification of land uses.
150.13 Incorporations by reference.
Subpart B--Development of Noise Exposure Maps and Noise Compatibility
Programs
150.21 Noise exposure maps and related descriptions.
150.23 Noise compatibility programs.
Subpart C--Evaluations and Determinations of Effects of Noise
Compatibility Programs
150.31 Preliminary review; acknowledgments.
150.33 Evaluation of programs.
150.35 Determinations; publications; effectivity.
Appendix A to Part 150--Noise Exposure Maps
Appendix B to Part 150--Noise Compatibility Programs
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44715, 47101, 47501-47504.
Source: Docket No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, unless
otherwise noted.
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 150.1 Scope and purpose.
This part prescribes the procedures, standards, and methodology
governing the development, submission, and review of airport noise
exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs, including the
process for evaluating and approving or disapproving those programs. It
prescribes single systems for-- (a) measuring noise at airports and
surrounding areas that generally provides a highly reliable relationship
between projected noise exposure and surveyed reaction of people to
noise; and (b) determining exposure of individuals to noise that results
from the operations of an airport. This part also identifies those land
uses which are normally compatible with various levels of exposure to
noise by individuals. It provides technical assistance to airport
operators, in conjunction with other local, State, and Federal
authorities, to prepare and execute appropriate noise compatibility
planning and implementation programs.
Sec. 150.3 Applicability.
This part applies to the airport noise compatibility planning
activities of the operators of ``public use airports,'' including
heliports, as that term is used in section 101(1) of the ASNA Act as
amended (49 U.S.C. 2101) and as defined in section 503(17) of the
Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. 2202).
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-1,
53 FR 8723, Mar. 16, 1988]
Sec. 150.5 Limitations of this part.
(a) Pursuant to the ASNA Act (49 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.), this part
provides for airport noise compatibility planning and land use programs
necessary to the purposes of those provisions. No submittal of a map, or
approval or disapproval, in whole or part, of any map or program
submitted under this part is a determination concerning the
acceptability or unacceptability of that land use under Federal, State,
or local law.
(b) Approval of a noise compatibility program under this part is
neither a commitment by the FAA to financially assist in the
implementation of the program, nor a determination that all measures
covered by the program are eligible for grant-in-aid funding from the
FAA.
(c) Approval of a noise compatibility program under this part does
not by itself constitute an FAA implementing action. A request for
Federal action or approval to implement specific noise compatibility
measures may be required, and an FAA decision on the request may require
an environmental
[[Page 66]]
assessment of the proposed action, pursuant to the National
Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and applicable
regulations, directives, and guidelines.
(d) Acceptance of a noise exposure map does not constitute an FAA
determination that any specific parcel of land lies within a particular
noise contour. Responsibility for interpretation of the effects of noise
contours upon subjacent land uses, including the relationship between
noise contours and specific properties, rests with the sponsor or with
other state or local government.
Sec. 150.7 Definitions.
As used in this part, unless the context requires otherwise, the
following terms have the following meanings.
Airport means any public use airport, including heliports, as
defined by the ASNA Act, including: (a) Any airport which is used or to
be used for public purposes, under the control of a public agency, the
landing area of which is publicly owned; (b) any privately owned
reliever airport; and (c) any privately owned airport which is
determined by the Secretary to enplane annually 2,500 or more passengers
and receive scheduled passenger service of aircraft, which is used or to
be used for public purposes.
Airport noise compatibility program and program mean that program,
and all revisions thereto, reflected in documents (and revised
documents) developed in accordance with Appendix B of this part,
including the measures proposed or taken by the airport operator to
reduce existing noncompatible land uses and to prevent the introduction
of additional noncompatible land uses within the area.
Airport Operator means, the operator of an airport as defined in the
ASNA Act.
ASNA Act means the Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act of 1979,
as amended (49 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.).
Average sound level means the level, in decibels, of the mean-
square, A-weighted sound pressure during a specified period, with
reference to the square of the standard reference sound pressure of 20
micropascals.
Compatible land use means the use of land that is identified under
this part as normally compatible with the outdoor noise environment (or
an adequately attenuated noise level reduction for any indoor activities
involved) at the location because the yearly day-night average sound
level is at or below that identified for that or similar use under
Appendix A (Table 1) of this part.
Day-night average sound level (DNL) means the 24-hour average sound
level, in decibels, for the period from midnight to midnight, obtained
after the addition of ten decibels to sound levels for the periods
between midnight and 7 a.m., and between 10 p.m., and midnight, local
time. The symbol for DNL is Ldn.
Noise exposure map means a scaled, geographic depiction of an
airport, its noise contours, and surrounding area developed in
accordance with section A150.101 of Appendix A of this part, including
the accompanying documentation setting forth the required descriptions
of forecast aircraft operations at that airport during the fifth
calendar year beginning after submission of the map, together with the
ways, if any, those operations will affect the map (including noise
contours and the forecast land uses).
Noise level reduction (NLR) means the amount of noise level
reduction in decibels achieved through incorporation of noise
attenuation (between outdoor and indoor levels) in the design and
construction of a structure.
Noncompatible land use means the use of land that is identified
under this part as normally not compatible with the outdoor noise
environment (or an adequately attenuated noise reduction level for the
indoor activities involved at the location) because the yearly day-night
average sound level is above that identified for that or similar use
under Appendix A (Table 1) of this part.
Regional Airports Division Manager means the Airports Division
Manager having responsibility for the geographic area in which the
airport in question is located.
Restriction affecting flight procedures means any requirement,
limitation, or other action affecting the operation of aircraft, in the
air or on the ground.
[[Page 67]]
Sound exposure level means the level, in decibels, of the time
integral of squared A-weighted sound pressure during a specified period
or event, with reference to the square of the standard reference sound
pressure of 20 micropascals and a duration of one second.
Yearly day-night average sound level (YDNL) means the 365-day
average, in decibels, day-night average sound level. The symbol for YDNL
is also Ldn.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-1,
53 FR 8724, Mar. 16, 1988; 53 FR 9726, Mar. 24, 1988; Amdt. 150-2, 54 FR
39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 150.9 Designation of noise systems.
For purposes of this part, the following designations apply:
(a) The noise at an airport and surrounding areas covered by a noise
exposure map must be measured in A-weighted sound pressure level
(LA) in units of decibels (dBA) in accordance with the
specifications and methods prescribed under Appendix A of this part.
(b) The exposure of individuals to noise resulting from the
operation of an airport must be established in terms of yearly day-night
average sound level (YDNL) calculated in accordance with the
specifications and methods prescribed under Appendix A of this part.
(c) Uses of computer models to create noise contours must be in
accordance with the criteria prescribed under Appendix A of this part.
Sec. 150.11 Identification of land uses.
For the purposes of this part, uses of land which are normally
compatible or noncompatible with various noise exposure levels to
individuals around airports must be identified in accordance with the
criteria prescribed under Appendix A of this part. Determination of land
use must be based on professional planning criteria and procedures
utilizing comprehensive, or master, land use planning, zoning, and
building and site designing, as appropriate. If more than one current or
future land use is permissible, determination of compatibility must be
based on that use most adversely affected by noise.
Sec. 150.13 Incorporations by reference.
(a) General. This part prescribes certain standards and procedures
which are not set forth in full text in the rule. Those standards and
procedures are hereby incorporated by reference and were approved for
incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register under
5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
(b) Changes to incorporated matter. Incorporated matter which is
subject to subsequent change is incorporated by reference according to
the specific reference and to the identification statement. Adoption of
any subsequent change in incorporated matter that affects compliance
with standards and procedures of this part will be made under 14 CFR
part 11 and 1 CFR part 51.
(c) Identification statement. The complete title or description
which identifies each published matter incorporated by reference in this
part is as follows:
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication No. 179,
entitled ``Precision Sound Level Meters,'' dated 1973.
(d) Availability for purchase. Published material incorporated by
reference in this part may be purchased at the price established by the
publisher or distributor at the following mailing addresses.
IEC publications:
(1) The Bureau Central de la Commission Electrotechnique,
Internationale, 1, rue de Varembe, Geneva, Switzerland.
(2) American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York,
NY 10018.
(e) Availability for inspection. A copy of each publication
incorporated by reference in this part is available for public
inspection at the following locations:
(1) FAA Office of the Chief Counsel, Rules Docket, AGC-10, Federal
Aviation Administration Headquarters Building, 800 Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC 20591.
(2) Department of Transportation, Branch Library, Room 930, Federal
Aviation Administration Headquarters Building, 800 Independence Avenue,
SW., Washington, DC 20591.
(3) The respective Regional Offices of the Federal Aviation
Administration as follows:
[[Page 68]]
(i) New England Regional Office, 12 New England Executive Park,
Burlington, Massachusetts 01803.
(ii) Eastern Regional Office, Federal Building, John F. Kennedy
(JFK) International Airport, Jamaica, New York 11430.
(iii) Southern Regional Office, 3400 Norman Berry Drive, East Point,
Georgia (P.O. Box 20636, Atlanta, Georgia) 30320.
(iv) Great Lakes Regional Office, 2300 East Devon, Des Plaines,
Illinois 60018.
(v) Central Regional Office, 601 East 12th Street, Kansas City,
Missouri 64106.
(vi) Southwest Regional Office, 4400 Blue Mound Road, (P.O. Box
1689), Fort Worth, Texas 76101.
(vii) Northwest Mountain Regional Office, 17900 Pacific Highway,
South, C-68966, Seattle, Washington 98168.
(viii) Western Pacific Regional Office, 15000 Aviation Boulevard,
Hawthorne, California (P.O. Box 92007, Worldway Postal Center, Los
Angeles) 90009.
(ix) Alaskan Regional Office, 701 ``C'' Street, Box 14, Anchorage,
Alaska 99513.
(xi) European Office, 15, Rue de la Loi (3rd Floor) B1040 Brussels,
Belgium.
(4) The Office of the Federal Register, Room 8401, 1100 ``L''
Street, NW., Washington, DC.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-2,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Subpart B--Development of Noise Exposure Maps and Noise Compatibility
Programs
Sec. 150.21 Noise exposure maps and related descriptions.
(a) Each airport operator may after completion of the consultations
and public procedure specified under paragraph (b) of this section
submit to the Regional Airports Division Manager five copies of the
noise exposure map (or revised map) which identifies each noncompatible
land use in each area depicted on the map, as of the date of submission,
and five copies of a map each with accompanying documentation setting
forth--
(1) The noise exposure based on forecast aircraft operations at the
airport for the fifth calendar year beginning after the date of
submission (based on reasonable assumptions concerning future type and
frequency of aircraft operations, number of nighttime operations, flight
patterns, airport layout including any planned airport development,
planned land use changes, and demographic changes in the surrounding
areas); and
(2) The nature and extent, if any, to which those forecast
operations will affect the compatibility and land uses depicted on the
map.
(b) Each map, and related documentation submitted under this section
must be developed and prepared in accordance with Appendix A of this
part, or an FAA approved equivalent, and in consultation with states,
and public agencies and planning agencies whose area, or any portion of
whose area, of jurisdiction is within the Ldn 65 dB contour
depicted on the map, FAA regional officials, and other Federal officials
having local responsibility for land uses depicted on the map. This
consultation must include regular aeronautical users of the airport. The
airport operator shall certify that it has afforded interested persons
adequate opportunity to submit their views, data, and comments
concerning the correctness and adequacy of the draft noise exposure map
and descriptions of forecast aircraft operations. Each map and revised
map must be accompanied by documentation describing the consultation
accomplished under this paragraph and the opportunities afforded the
public to review and comment during the development of the map. One copy
of all written comments received during consultation shall also be filed
with the Regional Airports Division Manager.
(c) The Regional Airports Division Manager acknowledges receipt of
noise exposure maps and descriptions and indicates whether they are in
compliance with the applicable requirements. The Regional Airports
Division Manager publishes in the Federal Register a notice of
compliance for each such noise exposure map and description, identifying
the airport involved. Such notice includes information as to when
[[Page 69]]
and where the map and related documentation are available for public
inspection.
(d) If, after submission of a noise exposure map under paragraph (a)
of this section, any change in the operation of the airport would create
any ``substantial, new noncompatible use'' in any area depicted on the
map beyond that which is forecast for the fifth calendar year after the
date of submission, the airport operator shall, in accordance with this
section, promptly prepare and submit a revised noise exposure map. A
change in the operation of an airport creates a substantial new
noncompatible use if that change results in an increase in the yearly
day-night average sound level of 1.5 dB or greater in either a land area
which was formerly compatible but is thereby made noncompatible under
Appendix A (Table 1), or in a land area which was previously determined
to be noncompatible under that Table and whose noncompatibility is now
significantly increased. Such updating of the map shall include a
reassessment of those areas excluded under sec. A150.101(e)(5) of
Appendix A because of high ambient noise levels. If the five-year
forecast map is based on assumptions involving recommendations in a
noise compatibility program which are subsequently disapproved by the
FAA, a revised map must be submitted if revised assumptions would create
a substantial, new noncompatible use not indicated on the initial five-
year map. Revised noise exposure maps are subject to the same
requirements and procedures as initial submissions of noise exposure
maps under this part.
(e) Each map, or revised map, and description of consultation and
opportunity for public comment, submitted to the FAA, must be certified
as true and complete under penalty of 18 U.S.C. 1001.
(f) (1) The ASNA Act provides, in section 107 (a) (49 U.S.C.
2107(a)), that:
No person who acquires property or an interest therein after the date of
enactment of the Act in an area surrounding an airport with respect to
which a noise exposure map has been submitted under section 103 of the
Act shall be entitled to recover damages with respect to the noise
attributable to such airport if such person had actual or constructive
knowledge of the existence of such noise exposure map unless, in
addition to any other elements for recovery of damages, such person can
show that--
(i) A significant change in the type or frequency of aircraft
operations at the airport; or
(ii) A significant change in the airport layout; or
(iii) A significant change in the flight patterns; or
(iv) A significant increase in nighttime operations; occurred after
the date of the acquisition of such property or interest therein and
that the damages for which recovery is sought have resulted from any
such change or increase.''
(2) The Act further provides in section 107(b), (49 U.S.C. 2107(b)):
That for this purpose, ``constructive knowledge'' shall be imputed, at a
minimum, to any person who acquires property or an interest therein in
an area surrounding an airport after the date of enactment of the Act
if--
(i) Prior to the date of such acquisition, notice of the existence
of a noise exposure map for such area was published at least three times
in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which such
property is located; or
(ii) A copy of such noise exposure map is furnished to such person
at the time of such acquisition.
(g) For this purpose, the term significant in paragraph (f) of this
section means that change or increase in one or more of the four factors
which results in a ``substantial new noncompatible use'' as defined in
Sec. 150.21(d), affecting the property in issue. Responsibility for
applying or interpreting this provision with respect to specific
properties rests with local government.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 1, 1984; 50 FR 5063, Feb. 6, 1985;
Amdt. 150-2, 54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
[[Page 70]]
Sec. 150.23 Noise compatibility programs.
(a) Any airport operator who has submitted an acceptable noise
exposure map under Sec. 150.21 may, after FAA notice of acceptability
and other consultation and public procedure specified under paragraphs
(b) and (c) of this section, as applicable, submit to the Regional
Airports Division Manager five copies of a noise compatibility program.
(b) An airport operator may submit the noise compatibility program
at the same time as the noise exposure map. In this case, the Regional
Airports Division Manager will not begin the statutory 180-day review
period (for the program) until after FAA reviews the noise exposure map
and finds that it and its supporting documentation are in compliance
with the applicable requirements.
(c) Each noise compatibility program must be developed and prepared
in accordance with Appendix B of this part, or an FAA approved
equivalent, and in consultation with FAA regional officials, the
officials of the state and of any public agencies and planning agencies
whose area, or any portion or whose area, of jurisdiction within the
Ldn!65 dB noise contours is depicted on the noise exposure map, and
other Federal officials having local responsibility of land uses
depicted on the map. Consultation with FAA regional officials shall
include, to the extent practicable, informal agreement from FAA on
proposed new or modified flight procedures. For air carrier airports,
consultation must include any air carriers and, to the extent
practicable, other aircraft operators using the airport. For other
airports, consultation must include, to the extent practicable, aircraft
operators using the airport.
(d) Prior to and during the development of a program, and prior to
submission of the resulting draft program to the FAA, the airport
operator shall afford adequate opportunity for the active and direct
participation of the states, public agencies and planning agencies in
the areas surrounding the airport, aeronautical users of the airport,
and the general public to submit their views, data, and comments on the
formulation and adequacy of that program.
(e) Each noise compatibility program submitted to the FAA must
consist of at least the following:
(1) A copy of the noise exposure map and its supporting
documentation as found in compliance with the applicable requirements by
the FAA, per Sec. 150.21(c).
(2) A description and analysis of the alternative measures
considered by the airport operator in developing the program, together
with a discussion of why each rejected measure was not included in the
program.
(3) Program measures proposed to reduce or eliminate present and
future noncompatible land uses and a description of the relative
contribution of each of the proposed measures to the overall
effectiveness of the program.
(4) A description of public participation and the consultation with
officials of public agencies and planning agencies in areas surrounding
the airport, FAA regional officials and other Federal officials having
local responsibility for land uses depicted on the map, any air carriers
and other users of the airport.
(5) The actual or anticipated effect of the program on reducing
noise exposure to individuals and noncompatible land uses and preventing
the introduction of additional noncompatible uses within the area
covered by the noise exposure map. The effects must be based on
expressed assumptions concerning the type and frequency of aircraft
operations, number of nighttime operations, flight patterns, airport
layout including planned airport development, planned land use changes,
and demographic changes within the Ldn!65 dB noise contours.
(6) A description of how the proposed future actions may change any
noise control or compatibility plans or actions previously adopted by
the airport proprietor.
(7) A summary of the comments at any public hearing on the program
and a copy of all written material submitted to the operator under
paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section, together with the operator's
response and disposition of those comments and materials to demonstrate
the program is feasible and reasonably consistent with obtaining the
objectives of airport
[[Page 71]]
noise compatibility planning under this part.
(8) The period covered by the program, the schedule for
implementation of the program, the persons responsible for
implementation of each measure in the program, and, for each measure,
documentation supporting the feasibility of implementation, including
any essential governmental actions, costs, and anticipated sources of
funding, that will demonstrate that the program is reasonably consistent
with achieving the goals of airport noise compatibility planning under
this part.
(9) Provision for revising the program if made necessary by revision
of the noise exposure map.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984; 50 FR 5063, Feb. 6, 1985;
Amdt. 150-2, 54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Subpart C--Evaluations and Determinations of Effects of Noise
Compatibility Programs
Sec. 150.31 Preliminary review: acknowledgments.
(a) Upon receipt of a noise compatibility program submitted under
Sec. 150.23, the Regional Airports Division Manager acknowledges to the
airport operator receipt of the program and conducts a preliminary
review of the submission.
(b) If, based on the preliminary review, the Regional Airports
Division Manager finds that the submission does not conform to the
requirements of this part, he disapproves and returns the unacceptable
program to the airport operator for reconsideration and development of a
program in accordance with this part.
(c) If, based on the preliminary review, the Regional Airports
Division Manager finds that the program conforms to the requirements of
this part, the Regional Airports Division Manager publishes in the
Federal Register a notice of receipt of the program for comment which
indicates the following:
(1) The airport covered by the program, and the date of receipt.
(2) The availability of the program for examination in the offices
of the Regional Airports Division Manager and the airport operator.
(3) That comments on the program are invited and, will be considered
by the FAA.
(d) The date of signature of the published notice of receipt starts
the 180-day approval period for the program.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-2,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 150.33 Evaluation of programs.
(a) The FAA conducts an evaluation of each noise compatibility
program and, based on that evaluation, either approves or disapproves
the program. The evaluation includes consideration of proposed measures
to determine whether they--
(1) May create an undue burden on interstate or foreign commerce
(including unjust discrimination);
(2) Are reasonably consistent with obtaining the goal of reducing
existing noncompatible land uses and preventing the introduction of
additional noncompatible land uses; and
(3) Include the use of new or modified flight procedures to control
the operation of aircraft for purposes of noise control, or affect
flight procedures in any way.
(b) The evaluation may also include an evaluation of those proposed
measures to determine whether they may adversely affect the exercise of
the authority and responsibilities of the Administrator under the
Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended.
(c) To the extent considered necessary, the FAA may--
(1) Confer with the airport operator and other persons known to have
information and views material to the evaluation;
(2) Explore the objectives of the program and the measures, and any
alternative measures, for achieving the objectives.
(3) Examine the program for developing a range of alternatives that
would eliminate the reasons, if any, for disapproving the program.
(4) Convene an informal meeting with the airport operator and other
persons involved in developing or implementing the program for the
purposes of gathering all facts relevant to the determination of
approval or disapproval of the program and of discussing any
[[Page 72]]
needs to accommodate or modify the program as submitted.
(d) If requested by the FAA, the airport operator shall furnish all
information needed to complete FAA's review under (c).
(e) An airport operator may, at any time before approval or
disapproval of a program, withdraw or revise the program. If the airport
operator withdraws or revises the program or indicates to the Regional
Airports Division Manager, in writing, the intention to revise the
program, the Regional Airports Division Manager terminates the
evaluation and notifies the airport operator of that action. That
termination cancels the 180-day review period. The FAA does not evaluate
a second program for any airport until any previously submitted program
has been withdrawn or a determination on it is issued. A new evaluation
is commenced upon receipt of a revised program, and a new 180-day
approval period is begun, unless the Regional Airports Division Manager
finds that the modification made, in light of the overall revised
program, can be integrated into the unmodified portions of the revised
program without exceeding the original 180-day approval period or
causing undue expense to the government.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-2,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Sec. 150.35 Determinations; publications; effectivity.
(a) The FAA issues a determination approving or disapproving each
airport noise compatibility program (and revised program). Portions of a
program may be individually approved or disapproved. No conditional
approvals will be issued. A determination on a program acceptable under
this part is issued within 180 days after the program is received under
Sec. 150.23 of this part or it may be considered approved, except that
this time period may be exceeded for any portion of a program relating
to the use of flight procedures for noise control purposes. A
determination on portions of a program covered by the exceptions to the
180-day review period for approval will be issued within a reasonable
time after receipt of the program. Determinations relating to the use of
any flight procedure for noise control purposes may be issued either in
connection with the determination on other portions of the program or
separately. Except as provided by this paragraph, no approval of any
noise compatibility program, or any portion of a program, may be implied
in the absence of the FAA's express approval.
(b) The Administrator approves programs under this part, if--
(1) It is found that the program measures to be implemented would
not create an undue burden on interstate or foreign commerce (including
any unjust discrimination) and are reasonably consistent with achieving
the goals of reducing existing noncompatible land uses around the
airport and of preventing the introduction of additional noncompatible
land uses;
(2) The program provides for revision if made necessary by the
revision of the noise map; and
(3) Those aspects of programs relating to the use of flight
procedures for noise control can be implemented within the period
covered by the program and without--
(i) Reducing the level of aviation safety provided;
(ii) Derogating the requisite level of protection for aircraft,
their occupants and persons and property on the ground;
(iii) Adversely affecting the efficient use and management of the
Navigable Airspace and Air Traffic Control Systems; or
(iv) Adversely affecting any other powers and responsibilities of
the Administrator prescribed by law or any other program, standard, or
requirement established in accordance with law.
(c) When a determination is issued, the Regional Airports Division
Manager notifies the airport operator and publishes a notice of approval
or disapproval in the Federal Register identifying the nature and extent
of the determination.
(d) Approvals issued under this part for a program or portion
thereof become effective as specified therein and may be withdrawn when
one of the following occurs:
[[Page 73]]
(1) The program or portion thereof is required to be revised under
this part or under its own terms, and is not so revised;
(2) If a revision has been submitted for approval, a determination
is issued on the revised program or portion thereof, that is
inconsistent with the prior approval.
(3) A term or condition of the program, or portion thereof, or its
approval is violated by the responsible government body.
(4) A flight procedure or other FAA action upon which the approved
program or portion thereof is dependent is subsequently disapproved,
significantly altered, or rescinded by the FAA.
(5) The airport operator requests rescission of the approval.
(6) Impacts on flight procedures, air traffic management, or air
commerce occur which could not be foreseen at the time of approval.
A determination may be sooner rescinded or modified for cause with at
least 30 days written notice to the airport operator of the FAA's
intention to rescind or modify the determination for the reasons stated
in the notice. The airport operator may, during the 30-day period,
submit to the Regional Airports Division Manager for consideration any
reasons and circumstances why the determination should not be rescinded
or modified on the basis stated in the notice of intent. Thereafter, the
FAA either rescinds or modifies the determination consistent with the
notice or withdraws the notice of intent and terminates the action.
(e) Determinations may contain conditions which must be satisfied
prior to implementation of any portion of the program relating to flight
procedures affecting airport or aircraft operations.
(f) Noise exposure maps for current and five year forecast
conditions that are submitted and approved with noise compatibility
programs are considered to be the new FAA accepted noise exposure maps
for purposes of part 150.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984, as amended by Amdt. 150-2,
54 FR 39295, Sept. 25, 1989]
Appendix A to Part 150--Noise Exposure Maps
Part A--General
Sec. A150.1 Purpose.
Sec. A150.3 Noise descriptors.
Sec. A150.5 Noise measurement procedures and equipment.
Part B--Noise Exposure Map Development
Sec. A150.101 Noise contours and land usages.
Sec. A150.103 Use of computer prediction model.
Sec. A150.105 Identification of public agencies and planning agencies.
Part C--Mathematical Descriptions
Sec. A150.201 General.
Sec. A150.203 Symbols.
Sec. A150.205 Mathematical computations.
Part A--General
Sec. A150.1 Purpose.
(a) This appendix establishes a uniform methodology for the
development and preparation of airport noise exposure maps. That
methodology includes a single system of measuring noise at airports for
which there is a highly reliable relationship between projected noise
exposure and surveyed reactions of people to noise along with a separate
single system for determining the exposure of individuals to noise. It
also identifies land uses which, for the purpose of this part are
considered to be compatible with various exposures of individuals to
noise around airports.
(b) This appendix provides for the use of the FAA's Integrated Noise
Model (INM) or an FAA approved equivalent, for developing standardized
noise exposure maps and predicting noise impacts. Noise monitoring may
be utilized by airport operators for data acquisition and data
refinement, but is not required by this part for the development of
noise exposure maps or airport noise compatibility programs. Whenever
noise monitoring is used, under this part, it should be accomplished in
accordance with Sec. A150.5 of this appendix.
Sec. A150.3 Noise descriptors.
(a) Airport Noise Measurement. The A-Weighted Sound Level, measured,
filtered and recorded in accordance with Sec. A150.5 of this appendix,
must be employed as the unit for the measurement of single event noise
at airports and in the areas surrounding the airports.
(b) Airport Noise Exposure. The yearly day-night average sound level
(YDNL) must be employed for the analysis and characterization of
multiple aircraft noise events and for
[[Page 74]]
determining the cumulative exposure of individuals to noise around
airports.
Sec. A150.5 Noise measurement procedures and equipment.
(a) Sound levels must be measured or analyzed with equipment having
the ``A'' frequency weighting, filter characteristics, and the ``slow
response'' characteristics as defined in International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) Publication No. 179, entitled ``Precision Sound Level
Meters'' as incorporated by reference in part 150 under Sec. 150.11. For
purposes of this part, the tolerances allowed for general purpose, type
2 sound level meters in IEU 179, are acceptable.
(b) Noise measurements and documentation must be in accordance with
accepted acoustical measurement methodology, such as those described in
American National Standards Institute publication ANSI 51.13, dated 1971
as revised 1979, entitled ``ANS--Methods for the Measurement of Sound
Pressure Levels''; ARP No. 796, dated 1969, entitled ``Measurement of
Aircraft Exterior Noise in the Field''; ``Handbook of Noise
Measurement,'' Ninth Ed. 1980, by Arnold P.G. Peterson; or ``Acoustic
Noise Measurement,'' dated Jan., 1979, by J.R. Hassell and K. Zaveri.
For purposes of this part, measurements intended for comparison to a
State or local standard or with another transportation noise source
(including other aircraft) must be reported in maximum A-weighted sound
levels (LAM); for computation or validation of the yearly day-night
average level (Ldn), measurements must be reported in sound
exposure level (LAE), as defined in Sec. A150.205 of this appendix.
Part B--Noise Exposure Map Development
Sec. A150.101 Noise contours and land usages.
(a) To determine the extent of the noise impact around an airport,
airport proprietors developing noise exposure maps in accordance with
this part must develop Ldn!contours. Continuous contours must be
developed for YDNL levels of 65, 70, and 75 (additional contours may be
developed and depicted when appropriate). In those areas where YDNL
values are 65 YDNL or greater, the airport operator shall identify land
uses and determine land use compatibility in accordance with the
standards and procedures of this appendix.
(b) Table 1 of this appendix describes compatible land use
information for several land uses as a function of YDNL values. The
ranges of YDNL values in Table 1 reflect the statistical variability for
the responses of large groups of people to noise. Any particular level
might not, therefore, accurately assess an individual's perception of an
actual noise environment. Compatible or noncompatible land use is
determined by comparing the predicted or measured YDNL values at a site
with the values given. Adjustments or modifications of the descriptions
of the land-use categories may be desirable after consideration of
specific local conditions.
(c) Compatibility designations in Table 1 generally refer to the
major use of the site. If other uses with greater sensitivity to noise
are permitted by local government at a site, a determination of
compatibility must be based on that use which is most adversely affected
by noise. When appropriate, noise level reduction through incorporation
of sound attenuation into the design and construction of a structure may
be necessary to achieve compatibility.
(d) For the purpose of compliance with this part, all land uses are
considered to be compatible with noise levels less than Ldn!65 dB.
Local needs or values may dictate further delineation based on local
requirements or determinations.
(e) Except as provided in (f) below, the noise exposure maps must
also contain and indentify:
(1) Runway locations.
(2) Flight tracks.
(3) Noise contours of Ldn!65, 70, and 75 dB resulting from
aircraft operations.
(4) Outline of the airport boundaries.
(5) Noncompatible land uses within the noise contours, including
those within the Ldn!65 dB contours. (No land use has to be
identified as noncompatible if the self-generated noise from that use
and/or the ambient noise from other nonaircraft and nonairport uses is
equal to or greater than the noise from aircraft and airport sources.)
(6) Location of noise sensitive public buildings (such as schools,
hospitals, and health care facilities), and properties on or eligible
for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
(7) Locations of any aircraft noise monitoring sites utilized for
data acquisition and refinement procedures.
(8) Estimates of the number of people residing within the Ldn
!65, 70, and 75 dB contours.
(9) Depiction of the required noise contours over a land use map of
a sufficient scale and quality to discern streets and other identifiable
geographic features.
(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, noise exposure
maps prepared in connection with studies which were either Federally
funded or Federally approved and which commenced before October 1, 1981,
are not required to be modified to contain the following items:
(1) Flight tracks depicted on the map.
(2) Use of ambient noise to determine land use compatibility.
(3) The Ldn!70 dB noise contour and data related to Ldn!70
dB contour. When determinations on land use compatibility using Table
[[Page 75]]
1 differ between Ldn!65-70 dB and the Ldn!70-75 dB,
determinations should either use the more conservative Ldn!70-75 dB
column or reflect determinations based on local needs and values.
(4) Estimates of the number of people residing within the Ldn
!65, 70, and 75 dB contours.
TABLE 1--Land Use Compatibility* With Yearly Day-Night Average Sound Levels
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yearly day-night average sound level (Ldn) in decibels
Land use ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Below 65 65-70 70-75 75-80 80-85 Over 85
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Residential
Residential, other than mobile Y N(1) N(1) N N N
homes and transient lodgings.
Mobile home parks............. Y N N N N N
Transient lodgings............ Y N(1) N(1) N(1) N N
Public Use
Schools....................... Y N(1) N(1) N N N
Hospitals and nursing homes... Y 25 30 N N N
Churches, auditoriums, and Y 25 30 N N N
concert halls.
Governmental services......... Y Y 25 30 N N
Transportation................ Y Y Y(2) Y(3) Y(4) Y(4)
Parking....................... Y Y Y(2) Y(3) Y(4) N
Commercial Use
Offices, business and Y Y 25 30 N N
professional.
Wholesale and retail--building Y Y Y(2) Y(3) Y(4) N
materials, hardware and farm
equipment.
Retail trade--general......... Y Y 25 30 N N
Utilities..................... Y Y Y(2) Y(3) Y(4) N
Communication................. Y Y 25 30 N N
Manufacturing and Production
Manufacturing, general........ Y Y Y(2) Y(3) Y(4) N
Photographic and optical...... Y Y 25 30 N N
Agriculture (except livestock) Y Y(6) Y(7) Y(8) Y(8) Y(8)
and forestry.
Livestock farming and breeding Y Y(6) Y(7) N N N
Mining and fishing, resource Y Y Y Y Y Y
production and extraction.
Recreational
Outdoor sports arenas and Y Y(5) Y(5) N N N
spectator sports.
Outdoor music shells, Y N N N N N
amphitheaters.
Nature exhibits and zoos...... Y Y N N N N
Amusements, parks, resorts and Y Y Y N N N
camps.
Golf courses, riding stables Y Y 25 30 N N
and water recreation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numbers in parentheses refer to notes.
*The designations contained in this table do not constitute a Federal determination that any use of land covered
by the program is acceptable or unacceptable under Federal, State, or local law. The responsibility for
determining the acceptable and permissible land uses and the relationship between specific properties and
specific noise contours rests with the local authorities. FAA determinations under part 150 are not intended
to substitute federally determined land uses for those determined to be appropriate by local authorities in
response to locally determined needs and values in achieving noise compatible land uses.
Key to Table 1
SLUCM=Standard Land Use Coding Manual.
Y (Yes)=Land Use and related structures compatible without restrictions.
N (No)=Land Use and related structures are not compatible and should be prohibited.
NLR=Noise Level Reduction (outdoor to indoor) to be achieved through incorporation of noise attenuation into the
design and construction of the structure.
25, 30, or 35=Land use and related structures generally compatible; measures to achieve NLR of 25, 30, or 35 dB
must be incorporated into design and construction of structure.
Notes for Table 1
(1) Where the community determines that residential or school uses must be allowed, measures to achieve outdoor
to indoor Noise Level Reduction (NLR) of at least 25 dB and 30 dB should be incorporated into building codes
and be considered in individual approvals. Normal residential construction can be expected to provide a NLR of
20 dB, thus, the reduction requirements are often stated as 5, 10 or 15 dB over standard construction and
normally assume mechanical ventilation and closed windows year round. However, the use of NLR criteria will
not eliminate outdoor noise problems.
(2) Measures to achieve NLR 25 dB must be incorporated into the design and construction of portions of these
buildings where the public is received, office areas, noise sensitive areas or where the normal noise level is
low.
(3) Measures to achieve NLR of 30 dB must be incorporated into the design and construction of portions of these
buildings where the public is received, office areas, noise sensitive areas or where the normal noise level is
low.
(4) Measures to achieve NLR 35 dB must be incorporated into the design and construction of portions of these
buildings where the public is received, office areas, noise sensitive areas or where the normal level is low.
(5) Land use compatible provided special sound reinforcement systems are installed.
(6) Residential buildings require an NLR of 25.
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(7) Residential buildings require an NLR of 30.
(8) Residential buildings not permitted.
Sec. A150.103 Use of computer prediction model.
(a) The airport operator shall acquire the aviation operations data
necessary to develop noise exposure contours using an FAA approved
methodology or computer program, such as the Integrated Noise Model
(INM) for airports or the Heliport Noise Model (HNM) for heliports. In
considering approval of a methodology or computer program, key factors
include the demonstrated capability to produce the required output and
the public availability of the program or methodology to provide
interested parties the opportunity to substantiate the results.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the
following information must be obtained for input to the calculation of
noise exposure contours:
(1) A map of the airport and its environs at an adequately detailed
scale (not less than 1 inch to 8,000 feet) indicating runway length,
alignments, landing thresholds, takeoff start-of-roll points, airport
boundary, and flight tracks out to at least 30,000 feet from the end of
each runway.
(2) Airport activity levels and operational data which will
indicate, on an annual average-daily-basis, the number of aircraft, by
type of aircraft, which utilize each flight track, in both the standard
daytime (0700-2200 hours local) and nighttime (2200-0700 hours local)
periods for both landings and takeoffs.
(3) For landings--glide slopes, glide slope intercept altitudes, and
other pertinent information needed to establish approach profiles along
with the engine power levels needed to fly that approach profile.
(4) For takeoffs--the flight profile which is the relationship of
altitude to distance from start-of-roll along with the engine power
levels needed to fly that takeoff profile; these data must reflect the
use of noise abatement departure procedures and, if applicable, the
takeoff weight of the aircraft or some proxy for weight such as stage
length.
(5) Existing topographical or airspace restrictions which preclude
the utilization of alternative flight tracks.
(6) The government furnished data depicting aircraft noise
characteristics (if not already a part of the computer program's stored
data bank).
(7) Airport elevation and average temperature.
(c) For heliports, the map scale required by paragraph (b)(1) of
this section shall not be less than 1 inch to 2,000 feet and shall
indicate heliport boundaries, takeoff and landing pads, and typical
flight tracks out to at least 4,000 feet horizontally from the landing
pad. Where these flight tracks cannot be determined, obstructions or
other limitations on flight tracks in and out of the heliport shall be
identified within the map areas out to at least 4,000 feet horizontally
from the landing pad. For static operation (hover), the helicopter type,
the number of daily operations based on an annual average, and the
duration in minutes of the hover operation shall be identified. The
other information required in paragraph (b) shall be furnished in a form
suitable for input to the HNM or other FAA approved methodology or
computer program.
Sec. A150.105 Identification of public agencies and planning agencies.
(a) The airport proprietor shall identify each public agency and
planning agency whose jurisdiction or responsibility is either wholly or
partially within the Ldn 65 dB boundary.
(b) For those agencies identified in (a) that have land use planning
and control authority, the supporting documentation shall identify their
geographic areas of jurisdiction.
Part C--Mathematical Descriptions
Sec. A150.201 General.
The following mathematical descriptions provide the most precise
definition of the yearly day-night average sound level (Ldn), the
data necessary for its calculation, and the methods for computing it.
Sec. A150.203 Symbols.
The following symbols are used in the computation of Ldn;
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Measure (in dB) Symbol
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average Sound Level, During Time T............................ LT
Day-Night Average Sound Level (individual day)................ Ldni
Yearly Day-Night Average Sound Level.......................... Ldn
Sound Exposure Level.......................................... LAE
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. A150.205 Mathematical computations.
(a) Average sound level must be computed in accordance with the
following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15SE91.000
where T is the length of the time period, in seconds, during which the
average is taken; LA(t) is the instantaneous time varying A-
weighted sound level during the time period T.
(1) Note: When a noise environment is caused by a number of
identifiable noise events, such as aircraft flyovers, average
[[Page 77]]
sound level may be conveniently calculated from the sound exposure
levels of the individual events occurring within a time period T:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15SE91.001
where LAEi is the sound exposure level of the i-th event, in a
series of n events in time period T, in seconds.
(2) Note: When T is one hour, LT is referred to as one-hour
average sound level.
(b) Day-night average sound level (individual day) must be computed
in accordance with the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15SE91.002
Time is in seconds, so the limits shown in hours and minutes are
actually interpreted in seconds. It is often convenient to compute day-
night average sound level from the one-hour average sound levels
obtained during successive hours.
(c) Yearly day-night average sound level must be computed in
accordance with the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15SE91.003
where Ldni is the day-night average sound level for the i-th day
out of one year.
(d) Sound exposure level must be computed in accordance with the
following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TC15SE91.004
where to is one second and LA(t) is the time-varying A-
weighted sound level in the time interval t1 to t2.
The time interval should be sufficiently large that it encompasses
all the significant sound of a designated event.
The requisite integral may be approximated with sufficient accuracy
by integrating LA(t) over the time interval during which LA(t)
lies within 10 decibels of its maximum value, before and after the
maximum occurs.
[Doc. No. 18691, 49 FR 49269, Dec. 18, 1984; 50 FR 5064, Feb. 6, 1985,
as amended by Amdt. 150-1, 53 FR 8724, Mar. 16, 1988]
Appendix B to Part 150--Noise Compatibility Programs
Sec. B150.1 Scope and purpose.
Sec. B150.3 Requirement for noise map.
Sec. B150.5 Program standards.
Sec. B150.7 Analysis of program alternatives.
Sec. B150.9 Equivalent programs.
Sec. B150.1 Scope and purpose.
(a) This appendix prescribes the content and the methods for
developing noise compatibility programs authorized under this part. Each
program must set forth the measures which the airport operator (or other
person or agency responsible) has taken, or proposes to take, for the
reduction of existing noncompatible land uses and the prevention of the
introduction of additional noncompatible land uses within the area
covered by the noise exposure map submitted by the operator.
(b) The purpose of a noise compatibility program is:
(1) To promote a planning process through which the airport operator
can examine and analyze the noise impact created by the operation of an
airport, as well as the costs and benefits associated with various
alternative noise reduction techniques, and the responsible impacted
land use control jurisdictions can examine existing and forecast areas
of noncompatibility and consider actions to reduce noncompatible uses.
(2) To bring together through public participation, agency
coordination, and overall cooperation, all interested parties with their
respective authorities and obligations, thereby facilitating the
creation of an agreed upon noise abatement plan especially suited to the
individual airport location while at
[[Page 78]]
the same time not unduly affecting the national air transportation
system.
(3) To develop comprehensive and implementable noise reduction
techniques and land use controls which, to the maximum extent feasible,
will confine severe aircraft YDNL values of Ldn 75 dB or greater to
areas included within the airport boundary and will establish and
maintain compatible land uses in the areas affected by noise between the
Ldn 65 and 75 dB contours.
Sec. B150.3 Requirement for noise map.
(a) It is required that a current and complete noise exposure map
and its supporting documentation as found in compliance with the
applicable requirements by the FAA, per Sec. 150.21(c) be included in
each noise compatibility program:
(1) To identify existing and future noncompatible land uses, based
on airport operation and off-airport land uses, which have generated the
need to develop a program.
(2) To identify changes in noncompatible uses to be derived from
proposed program measures.
(b) If the proposed noise compatibility program would yield maps
differing from those previously submitted to FAA, the program shall be
accompanied by appropriately revised maps. Such revisions must be
prepared in accordance with the requirements of Sec. A150.101(e) of
Appendix A and will be accepted by FAA in accordance with
Sec. 150.35(f).
Sec. B150.5 Program standards.
Based upon the airport noise exposure and noncompatible land uses
identified in the map, the airport operator shall evaluate the several
alternative noise control actions and develop a noise compatibility
program which--
(a) Reduces existing noncompatible uses and prevents or reduces the
probability of the establishment of additional noncompatible uses;
(b) Does not impose undue burden on interstate and foreign commerce;
(c) Provides for revision in accordance with Sec. 150.23 of this
part.
(d) Is not unjustly discriminatory.
(e) Does not derogate safety or adversely affect the safe and
efficient use of airspace.
(f) To the extent practicable, meets both local needs and needs of
the national air transportation system, considering tradeoffs between
economic benefits derived from the airport and the noise impact.
(g) Can be implemented in a manner consistent with all of the powers
and duties of the Administrator of FAA.
Sec. B150.7 Analysis of program alternatives.
(a) Noise control alternatives must be considered and presented
according to the following categories:
(1) Noise abatement alternatives for which the airport operator has
adequate implementation authority.
(2) Noise abatement alternatives for which the requisite
implementation authority is vested in a local agency or political
subdivision governing body, or a state agency or political subdivision
governing body.
(3) Noise abatement options for which requisite authority is vested
in the FAA or other Federal agency.
(b) At a minimum, the operator shall analyze and report on the
following alternatives, subject to the constraints that the strategies
are appropriate to the specific airport (for example, an evaluation of
night curfews is not appropriate if there are no night flights and none
are forecast):
(1) Acquisition of land and interests therein, including, but not
limited to air rights, easements, and development rights, to ensure the
use of property for purposes which are compatible with airport
operations.
(2) The construction of barriers and acoustical shielding, including
the soundproofing of public buildings.
(3) The implementation of a preferential runway system.
(4) The use of flight procedures (including the modifications of
flight tracks) to control the operation of aircraft to reduce exposure
of individuals (or specific noise sensitive areas) to noise in the area
around the airport.
(5) The implementation of any restriction on the use of airport by
any type or class of aircraft based on the noise characteristics of
those aircraft. Such restrictions may include, but are not limited to--
(i) Denial of use of the airport to aircraft types or classes which
do not meet Federal noise standards;
(ii) Capacity limitations based on the relative noisiness of
different types of aircraft;
(iii) Requirement that aircraft using the airport must use noise
abatement takeoff or approach procedures previously approved as safe by
the FAA;
(iv) Landing fees based on FAA certificated or estimated noise
emission levels or on time of arrival; and
(v) Partial or complete curfews.
(6) Other actions or combinations of actions which would have a
beneficial noise control or abatement impact on the public.
(7) Other actions recommended for analysis by the FAA for the
specific airport.
(c) For those alternatives selected for implementation, the program
must identify the agency or agencies responsible for such
implementation, whether those agencies have agreed to the
implementation, and the approximate schedule agreed upon.
[[Page 79]]
Sec. B150.9 Equivalent programs.
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this part, noise
compatibility programs prepared in connection with studies which were
either Federally funded or Federally approved and commenced before
October 1, 1981, are not required to be modified to contain the
following items:
(1) Flight tracks.
(2) A noise contour of Ldn 70 dB resulting from aircraft
operations and data related to the Ldn 70 dB contour. When
determinations on land use compatibility using Table 1 of Appendix A
differ between Ldn 65-70 dB and L