[Title 40 CFR 600]
[Code of Federal Regulations (annual edition) - July 1, 1996 Edition]
[Title 40 - PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT]
[Chapter I - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (Continued)]
[Subchapter Q - ENERGY POLICY]
[Part 600 - FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
40
PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
16
1996-07-01
1996-07-01
false
FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES
600
PART 600
PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (Continued)
ENERGY POLICY
PART 600--FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES--Table of Contents
Subpart A--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--General Provisions
Sec.
600.001-86 General applicability.
600.001-93 General applicability.
600.002-85 Definitions.
600.002-93 Definitions.
600.003-77 Abbreviations.
600.004-77 Section numbering, construction.
600.005-81 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
600.006-86 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
600.006-87 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
600.006-89 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
600.007-80 Vehicle acceptability.
600.008-77 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
600.009-85 Hearing on acceptance of test data.
600.010-86 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements.
600.011-93 Reference materials.
Subpart B--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Test Procedures
600.101-86 General applicability.
600.101-93 General applicability.
600.102-78 Definitions.
600.103-78 Abbreviations.
600.104-78 Section numbering, construction.
600.105-78 Recordkeeping.
600.106-78 Equipment requirements.
600.107-78 Fuel specifications.
600.107-93 Fuel specifications.
600.108-78 Analytical gases.
600.109-78 EPA driving cycles.
600.110-78 Equipment calibration.
600.111-80 Test procedures.
600.111-93 Test procedures.
600.112-78 Exhaust sample analysis.
600.113-78 Fuel economy calculations.
600.113-88 Fuel economy calculations.
600.113-93 Fuel economy calculations.
Subpart C--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy Values
600.201-86 General applicability.
600.201-93 General applicability.
600.202-77 Definitions.
600.203-77 Abbreviations.
600.204-77 Section numbering, construction.
600.205-77 Recordkeeping.
600.206-86 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-
fueled, diesel, and electric vehicle configurations.
600.206-93 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-
fueled, diesel-fueled, electric, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel vehicle
configurations.
600.207-86 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
600.207-93 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
600.208-77 Sample calculation.
600.209-85 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
600.209-95 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
Subpart D--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Labeling
600.301-86 General applicability.
600.301-95 General applicability.
600.302-77 Definitions.
600.303-77 Abbreviations.
600.304-77 Section numbering, construction.
600.305-77 Recordkeeping.
600.306-86 Labeling requirements.
600.307-86 Fuel economy label format requirements.
600.307-95 Fuel economy label format requirements.
600.310-86 Labeling of high altitude vehicles.
600.311-86 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.
600.312-86 Labeling, reporting, and recordkeeping; Administrator
reviews.
600.313-86 Timetable for data and information submittal and review.
600.314-86 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax,
and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles.
600.315-82 Classes of comparable automobiles.
600.316-78 Multistage manufacturer.
Subpart E--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Dealer Availability of Fuel Economy Information
600.401-77 General applicability.
600.402-77 Definitions.
600.403-77 Abbreviations.
600.404-77 Section numbering, construction.
600.405-77 Dealer requirements.
[[Page 688]]
600.406-77 [Reserved]
600.407-77 Booklets displayed by dealers.
Subpart F--Fuel Economy Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger
Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks
and Passenger Automobiles)--Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's
Average Fuel Economy
600.501-85 General applicability.
600.501-86 General applicability.
600.501-93 General applicability.
600.502-81 Definitions.
600.503-78 Abbreviations.
600.504-78 Section numbering, construction.
600.505-78 Recordkeeping.
600.507-86 Running change data requirements.
600.509-86 Voluntary submission of additional data.
600.510-86 Calculation of average fuel economy.
600.510-93 Calculation of average fuel economy.
600.511-80 Determination of domestic production.
600.512-86 Model year report.
600.513-81 Gas Guzzler Tax.
600.513-91 Gas Guzzler Tax.
Appendix I to Part 600--Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule
Appendix II to Part 600--Sample Test Value Calculations
Appendix III to Part 600--Sample Fuel Economy Label Calculation (1977
Model Year)
Appendices IV-VII to Part 600 [Reserved]
Appendix VIII to Part 600--Fuel Economy Label Formats
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2013.
Source: 41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.
Editorial Note: For a document removing the OMB control number
wherever it appeared in part 600, see 58 FR 34370, June 25, 1993.
Subpart A--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--General Provisions
Sec. 600.001-86 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[49 FR 13847, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.001-93 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later
model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[59 FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.002-85 Definitions.
(a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have
the meaning given them in the Act:
(1) ``Act'' means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.).
(2) ``Administrator'' means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency or his authorized representative.
(3) ``Secretary'' means the Secretary of Transportation or his
authorized representative.
(4) ``Automobile'' means:
(i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using
onboard fuel or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable
storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable
using energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric
service),
[[Page 689]]
(ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets,
roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails),
(iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle
weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which
has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet, or
(iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is
substantially used for the same purposes.
(5) ``Passenger Automobile'' means any automobile which the
Secretary determines is manufactured primarily for use in the
transportation of no more than 10 individuals.
(6) ``Model Year'' means the manufacturer's annual production period
(as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such
calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the
term ``model year'' means the calendar year.
(7) ``Federal Emission Test Procedure'' refers to the dynamometer
driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical
procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are
used to derive city fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel
vehicles.
(8) ``Federal Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure'' refers to the
dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and
analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are
used to derive highway fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel
vehicles.
(9) ``Fuel'' means (i) gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or
diesel-powered automobiles or (ii) electrical energy for electrically
powered automobiles.
(10) ``Fuel Economy'' means (i) the average number of miles traveled
by an automobile or group of automobiles per gallon of gasoline or
diesel fuel consumed as computed in Sec. 600.113 or Sec. 600.207 or (ii)
the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered
automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy.
(11) ``City Fuel Economy'' means the fuel economy determined by
operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the
Federal emission test procedure.
(12) ``Highway Fuel Economy'' means the fuel economy determined by
operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the
Federal highway fuel economy test procedure.
(13)(i) ``Combined Fuel Economy'' means the fuel economy value
determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the
city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45
respectively, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles.
(ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-
based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure
promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.
(14) ``Average Fuel Economy'' means the unique fuel economy value as
computed under Sec. 600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced
by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.
(15) ``Certification Vehicle'' means a vehicle which is selected
under Sec. 86.084-24(b)(1) and used to determine compliance under
Sec. 86.084-30 for issuance of an original certificate of conformity.
(16) ``Fuel Economy Data Vehicle'' means a vehicle used for the
purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification
vehicle.
(17) ``Label'' means a sticker that contains fuel economy
information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart
D of this part.
(18) ``Dealer'' means a person who resides or is located in the
United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of
Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new
automobiles to the ultimate purchaser.
(19) ``Model Type'' means a unique combination of car line, basic
engine, and transmission class.
(20) ``Car Line'' means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a
make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction
(e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or
opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof
line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or
light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered
to be different car lines than passenger cars.
[[Page 690]]
(21) ``Basic Engine'' means a unique combination of manufacturer,
engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished
by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst
usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics
specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine
means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor,
motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system,
energy storage device, and other components as specified by the
Administrator.
(22) ``Transmission Class'' means a group of transmissions having
the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual,
automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel
economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-
speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel
drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final
gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter
type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and
other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be
significant by the Administrator.
(23) ``Base Level'' means a unique combination of basic engine
inertia weight class and transmission class.
(24) ``Vehicle Configuration'' means a unique combination of basic
engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration,
and axle ratio within a base level.
(25) ``Engine Code'' means, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles,
a unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in
part 86 of this chapter), of displacement, carburetor (or fuel
injection) calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration,
auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission
control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric
vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer,
electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and
energy storage device.
(26) ``Inertia Weight Class'' means the class, which is a group of
test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded
vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86.
(27) ``Transmission Configuration'' means the Administrator may
further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator
determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such
as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed,
shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish
characteristics within a transmission class.
(28) ``Axle Ratio'' means the number of times the input shaft to the
differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.
(29) ``Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD)'' means an element
of design as defined in part 86.
(30) ``Rounded'' means a number shortened to the specific number of
decimal places in accordance with the ``Round Off Method'' specified in
ASTM E 29-67.
(31) ``Calibration'' means the set of specifications, including
tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a
component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its
operation over its working range.
(32) ``Production Volume'' means, for a domestic manufacturer, the
number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year
but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of
vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States.
(33) ``Body Style'' means a level of commonality in vehicle
construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g.,
sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e.,
front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations. Station wagons
and light trucks are identified as car lines.
(34) ``Hatchback'' means a passenger automobile where the
conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo
area which is open to the passenger compartment and
[[Page 691]]
accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window.
(35) ``Pickup Truck'' means a nonpassenger automobile which has a
passenger compartment and an open cargo bed.
(36) ``Station Wagon'' means a passenger automobile with an extended
roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment
open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear
seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.
(37) ``Gross Vehicle Weight Rating'' means the manufacturer's gross
weight rating for the individual vehicle.
(38) ``Ultimate Consumer'' means the first person who purchases an
automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile.
(39) ``Van'' means any light truck having an integral enclosure
fully enclosing the driver compartment and load-carrying device, and
having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the
leading edge of the windshield.
(40) ``Base Vehicle'' means the lowest priced version of each body
style that makes up a car line.
(41) ``Nonpassenger Automobile'' means an automobile that is not a
passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at
49 CFR 523.5.
(42) ``Four-Wheel-Drive General Utility Vehicle'' means a four-
wheel-drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation
that has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape
similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ-5 or CJ-7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as
defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4.
(43) ``Test Weight'' means the weight within an inertia weight class
which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is
based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of
part 86.
(44) ``Secretary of Energy'' means the Secretary of Energy or his
authorized representative.
(45) ``Electric Traction Motor'' means an electrically powered motor
which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle.
(46) ``Energy Storage Device'' means a rechargeable means of storing
tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a
flywheel.
(47) ``Motor Controller'' means an electronic or electro-mechanical
device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form
suitable to power the traction motor.
(48) ``Electrical Charging System'' means a device to convert 60Hz
alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential
electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging
the energy storage device.
(49) ``Battery Configuration'' means the electrochemical type,
voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical
characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy storage
device.
(50) ``Drive System'' is determined by the number and location of
drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel
drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator
determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy
difference.
(51) ``Subconfiguration'' means a unique combination, within a
vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower,
and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the
Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a
vehicle configuration.
[49 FR 13841, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48049, Dec. 10, 1984]
Sec. 600.002-93 Definitions.
(a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined in this section
shall have the meaning given them in the Act:
(1) Act means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.).
(2) Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency or his authorized representative.
(3) Secretary means the Secretary of Transportation or his
authorized representative.
(4) Automobile means:
(i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using
onboard
[[Page 692]]
fuel, or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage
batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable using
energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric
service);
(ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets,
roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails);
(iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle
weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which
has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet; or
(iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is
substantially used for the same purposes.
(5) Passenger automobile means any automobile which the Secretary
determines is manufactured primarily for use in the transportation of no
more than 10 individuals.
(6) Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as
determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such
calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the
term ``model year'' means the calendar year.
(7) Federal emission test procedure refers to the dynamometer
driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical
procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are
used to derive city fuel economy data.
(8) Federal highway fuel economy test procedure refers to the
dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and
analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are
used to derive highway fuel economy data.
(9) Fuel means:
(i) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered
automobiles; or
(ii) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or
(iii) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or
(iv) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles.
(10) Fuel economy means:
(i) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group
of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in Sec. 600.113
or Sec. 600.207; or
(ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically
powered automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy.
(11) City fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by
operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the
Federal emission test procedure.
(12) Highway fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by
operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the
Federal highway fuel economy test procedure.
(13) Combined fuel economy means:
(i) The fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by
harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values,
weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively.
(ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-
based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure
promulgated by the Secretary of Energy.
(14) Average fuel economy means the unique fuel economy value as
computed under Sec. 600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced
by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards.
(15) Certification vehicle means a vehicle which is selected under
Sec. 86.084-24(b)(1) of this chapter and used to determine compliance
under Sec. 86.084-30 of this chapter for issuance of an original
certificate of conformity.
(16) Fuel economy data vehicle means a vehicle used for the purpose
of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle.
(17) Label means a sticker that contains fuel economy information
and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this
part.
(18) Dealer means a person who resides or is located in the United
States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia
and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the
ultimate purchaser.
(19) Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic
engine, and transmission class.
(20) Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a
make or car
[[Page 693]]
division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body,
chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and
is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number
of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty
trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be
different car lines than passenger cars.
(21) Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine
displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by
number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage,
and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified
by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique
combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor
controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy
storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator.
(22) Transmission class means a group of transmissions having the
following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic,
or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing
(e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-
automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive;
four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear
ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type,
if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other
transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by
the Administrator.
(23) Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia
weight class and transmission class.
(24) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic
engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration,
and axle ratio within a base level.
(25) Engine code means a unique combination, within an engine-system
combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of displacement,
carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, distributor calibration,
choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine
and emission control system components specified by the Administrator.
For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of
manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor
controller, and energy storage device.
(26) Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test
weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle
weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter.
(27) Transmission configuration means the Administrator may further
subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines
that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear
ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift
calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish
characteristics within a transmission class.
(28) Axle ratio means the number of times the input shaft to the
differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels.
(29) Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of
design as defined in part 86 of this chapter.
(30) Rounded means a number shortened to the specific number of
decimal places in accordance with the ``Round Off Method'' specified in
ASTM E 29 (Incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(31) Calibration means the set of specifications, including
tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a
component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its
operation over its working range.
(32) Production volume means, for a domestic manufacturer, the
number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year
but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of
vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States.
(33) Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction
as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan,
convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front,
second, or third seat)
[[Page 694]]
requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration safety regulations in 49 CFR part 571. Station wagons and
light trucks are identified as car lines.
(34) Hatchback means a passenger automobile where the conventional
luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is
open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door
which encompasses the rear window.
(35) Pickup truck means a nonpassenger automobile which has a
passenger compartment and an open cargo bed.
(36) Station wagon means a passenger automobile with an extended
roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment
open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear
seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying.
(37) Gross vehicle weight rating means the manufacturer's gross
weight rating for the individual vehicle.
(38) Ultimate consumer means the first person who purchases an
automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile.
(39) Van means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully
enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no
body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge
of the windshield.
(40) Base vehicle means the lowest priced version of each body style
that makes up a car line.
(41) Nonpassenger automobile means an automobile that is not a
passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at
49 CFR 523.5.
(42) Four-wheel-drive general utility vehicle means a four-wheel-
drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation that
has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape
similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ-5 or CJ-7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as
defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4.
(43) Test weight means the weight within an inertia weight class
which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is
based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of
part 86 of this chapter.
(44) Secretary of Energy means the Secretary of Energy or his
authorized representative.
(45) Electric traction motor means an electrically powered motor
which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle.
(46) Energy storage device means a rechargeable means of storing
tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a
flywheel.
(47) Motor controller means an electronic or electro-mechanical
device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form
suitable to power the traction motor.
(48) Electrical charging system means a device to convert 60Hz
alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential
electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging
the energy storage device.
(49) Battery configuration means the electrochemical type, voltage,
capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics
of the battery used as the tractive energy device.
(50) Drive system is determined by the number and location of drive
axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and
any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines
that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference.
(51) Subconfiguration means a unique combination within a vehicle
configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any
other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator
determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a vehicle
configuration.
(52) Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume
methanol, ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination.
(53) Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to
operate exclusively on alcohol.
(54) Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile:
(i) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or
diesel fuel;
[[Page 695]]
(ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated
in accordance with Sec. 600.510(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it
does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel;
(iii) Which, for model years 1993 through 1995, provides equal or
superior energy efficiency, as determined in Sec. 600.510(g)(2) while
operating on a mixture of alcohol and gasoline or diesel fuel containing
50 percent gasoline or diesel fuel as it does while operating on
gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(iv) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds
the minimum driving range established by the Department of
Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.
(55) ``Natural gas-fueled automobile'' means an automobile designed
to operate exclusively on natural gas.
(56) ``Natural gas dual fuel automobile'' means an automobile:
(i) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on gasoline or
diesel fuel;
(ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated
in Sec. 600.510(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while
operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and
(iii) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds
the minimum driving range established by the Department of
Transportation in 49 CFR part 538.
(b) [Reserved]
[59 FR 39650, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.003-77 Abbreviations.
(a) The abbreviations used in this subpart have the same meaning as
those in 40 CFR part 86, with the addition of the following: ``MPG''
means miles per gallon. GVWR--Gross Vehicle Weight Rating.
[41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 49759, Nov. 10, 1976]
Sec. 600.004-77 Section numbering, construction.
(a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the
section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first
model year for which a section is effective. A section is effective
until superseded.
Example: Section 600.111-78 applies to the 1978 and subsequent model
years until superseded. If a Sec. 600.111-81 is promulgated, it would
take effect beginning with the 1981 model year; Sec. 600.111-78 would
apply to model years 1978 through 1980.
(b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the
section applicable for the appropriate model year.
[59 FR 39651, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.005-81 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy
data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the
provisions of Sec. 86.007-77:
(a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the
standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish,
maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed
records:
(1) General records. (i) Identification and description of all
vehicles for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this
part.
(ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle.
(iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under
Sec. 600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this
section.
(2) Individual records. (i) A brief history of each vehicle for
which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part, in the
form of a separate booklet or other document for each separate vehicles,
in which must be recorded:
(A) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its
engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components,
exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or
component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles.
In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the
steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electic
traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other
device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production
vehicles.
(B) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86,
all fuel economy tests performed under part
[[Page 696]]
600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electic
vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE,
including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to
each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and
location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle
when the tests began and ended; and the names of supervisory personnel
responsible for the conduct of the tests.
(C) A description of mileage accumulated since selection of buildup
of such vehicles including the date and time of each mileage
accumulation listing both the mileage accumulated and the name of each
driver, or each operator of the automatic mileage accumulation device,
if applicable. Additionally, a description of mileage accumulated prior
to selection or buildup of such vechicle must be maintained in such
detail as is available.
(D) If used, the record of any devices employed to record the speed
of mileage, or both, of the test vehicle in relationship to time.
(E) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing
performed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing under this
part, giving the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason
for it, the person authorizing it, and the names of supervisory
personnel responsible for the conduct of the maintenance or service. A
copy of the maintenance information to be submitted under Sec. 600,006-
81 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph.
(F) A brief description of any significant events affecting the
vehicle during any time of the period covered by the history not
described in an entry under one of the previous headings including such
extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations
or warnings.
(3) The manufacturer shall retain all records required under this
subpart for a period of five years after the end of the model year to
which they relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to
microfilm, punch cards, etc., depending on the record retention
procedures of the manufacturer, provided that in every case all the
information contained in hard copy shall be retained.
(b)(1) Any manufacturer who has supplied fuel economy data to meet
the requirements of this part shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer
during operating hours upon presentation of credentials at any of the
following:
(i) Any facility where any fuel economy tests from which data are
submitted or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are
performed.
(ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle which is being, was,
or is to be tested is present.
(iii) Any facility where any construction process used in the
modification or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel economy data vehicle is
taking place or has taken place.
(iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any
of the above is located.
(2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (b)(1)
of this section, the manufacturer shall allow any EPA Enforcement
Officer:
(i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of procedures,
activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to,
monitoring vehicle preconditioning; emission and fuel economy tests and
mileage accumulation; maintenance; vehicle soak and storage procedures;
and to verify correlation of calibration of test equipment;
(ii) To inspect and make copies of any required records, designs, or
other documents; and
(iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any fuel
economy vehicle and any components to be used in the construction
thereof.
(3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will be furnished, by those in
charge of facility being inspected, with such reasonable assistance as
may be required to help discharge any function listed in this paragraph
(b). Each manufacturer is required to have those in charge of the
facility furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA
whether or not the manufacturer controls the facility.
(4) The duty to admit any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be
applicable whether or not the manufacturer owns or controls the facility
in question and
[[Page 697]]
is applicable to both domestic and foreign manufacturers and facilities.
An EPA Enforcement Officer will not attempt to make any inspections
which the officer has been informed are in contravention of any law.
However, if local law makes it impossible for the EPA Enforcement
Officer to verify or to ensure the accuracy of data generated at a
facility such that no informed judgment can properly be made as to the
accuracy or reliability of data generated by or obtained for the
facility, then a vehicle or data from that vehicle shall not be accepted
for use in subpart C or F of this part (unless the Administrator is
otherwise convinced of the accuracy and reliability of such data).
(5) For purposes of this paragraph (b):
(i) ``Presentation of credentials'' means display of the document
designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer.
(ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities
are concerned, ``operating hours'' shall mean all times during which
personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of
the area or facility and have access to it.
(iii) For facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph
(b)(5)(ii) of this section, the term, ``operating hours'' will mean all
times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during
which testing, maintenance, mileage accumulation, production or
compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to
fuel economy testing, or to vehicle manufacturer or assembly, is being
carried out in a facility.
(iv) ``Reasonable assistance'' means providing timely and
unobstructed access to and opportunity for the copying of any record,
book, paper, or document required to be maintained under this section
and providing timely and unobstructed access to any motor vehicle,
testing facility, or testing equipment.
(v) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to
the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the
Assistant Administrator for Enforcement.
[45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980]
Sec. 600.006-86 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the
requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as
noted in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for
each fuel economy data vehicle:
(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results,
applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels.
(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total
mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle
configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications
requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the
Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of
approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing
for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by
the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different
configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by
reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.
(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect
to which data are submitted:
(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,
(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative
of the vehicle configuration listed, and
(C) Is in compliance with the applicable exhaust emission standards.
(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each
fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator
upon request:
(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control
system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to
fuel economy testing.
(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should
provide a description of all maintenance to electric
[[Page 698]]
motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components
performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing.
(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission
control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the
test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should
provide a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller,
battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well
as the design tolerances.
(v) If calibrations for components in paragraph (b) of this section
were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle
or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced.
(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:
(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other
than those chosen in accordance with Sec. 86.084-24 (c) and (h)), the
city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle,
and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this
section.
(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results
(excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and, if the data are
used in fuel economy label calculations, the test results adjusted in
accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended
purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program
or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).
(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a
manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical
expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values
derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and
coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.
(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the
manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described
in the Application for Certification required in Sec. 86.084-21, the
manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such
procedures, equipment, and facilities.
(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel
economy label calculations generated by vehicles with engine-drive
system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following
equation:
FE4,000mi=FET [0.979+5.25 x 10-6(mi)]-1
Where:
FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point
rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the
nearest whole mile.
(2) For vehicles with 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers) or less
accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.
[49 FR 13848, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985]
Sec. 600.006-87 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the
requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as
noted in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for
each fuel economy data vehicle:
(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results,
applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels.
(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total
mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle
configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications
requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the
Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of
approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing
for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by
the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different
configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be
[[Page 699]]
satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.
(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect
to which data are submitted:
(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,
(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative
of the vehicle configuration listed, and
(C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards.
(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each
fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator
upon request:
(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control
system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to
fuel economy testing.
(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all
maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration,
or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy
testing.
(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission
control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the
test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for
the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other
components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2)
(iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the
description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal
may be referenced.
(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:
(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other
than those chosen in accordance with Sec. 86.085-24 (c) and (h)), the
city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle,
and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this
section.
(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results
(excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test
results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended
purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program
or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).
(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a
manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical
expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values
derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and
coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.
(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the
manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described
in the Application for Certification required in Sec. 86.087-21, the
manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such
procedures, equipment, and facilities.
(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel
economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy
calculations in subpart F for passenger automobiles within the
categories identified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of Sec. 600.510.
The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3) or (g)(4) as
applicable.
(2) The manufacturer shall only adjust the test data used for fuel
economy label calculations, in subpart D for light trucks within the
categories identified in paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(6) of
Sec. 600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3)
or (g)(4) as applicable.
(3) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data generated by
vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200
miles by using the following equation:
FE4,000mi=FET[0.979+5.25 x 10-6 (mi)]-1
Where:
FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point
rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the
nearest whole mile.
[[Page 700]]
(4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the
manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.
[50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985]
Sec. 600.006-89 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
(a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the
requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as
noted in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for
each fuel economy data vehicle:
(i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results,
applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and
test fuel property values as specified in Sec. 600.113-93 except as
specified in paragraph (h) of this section.
(ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total
mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle
configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications
requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the
Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of
approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing
for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by
the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different
configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by
reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration.
(iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect
to which data are submitted:
(A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures,
(B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative
of the vehicle configuration listed, and
(C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards.
(2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each
fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator
upon request:
(i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control
system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000
miles prior to fuel economy testing.
(ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all
maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration,
or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy
testing.
(iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission
control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the
test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for
the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other
components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances.
(v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2)
(iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the
description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal
may be referenced.
(c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data:
(1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other
than those chosen in accordance with Sec. 86.085-24 (c) and (h)), the
city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle,
and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this
section.
(2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results
(excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test
results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section.
(d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended
purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program
or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling).
(e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a
manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical
expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values
derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and
coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator.
(f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the
manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment,
[[Page 701]]
or facilities not described in the Application for Certification
required in Sec. 86.087-21, the manufacturer shall submit to the
Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and
facilities.
(g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel
economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy
calculations in subpart F for the classes of automobiles within the
categories identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of Sec. 600.510.
The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) (3) or
(4) as applicable.
(2) [Reserved]
(3) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data generated by
vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200
miles by using the following equation:
FE4,000mi=FET[0.979+5.25 x 10-6 (mi)]-1
Where:
FE4,000 mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point
rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the
nearest whole mile.
(4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the
manufacturer is not required to adjust the data.
(h) For light-duty fuel economy trucks over 6000 lbs GVWR, the
manufacturer must submit emissions data generated while using the
following test weight basis:
(1) Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW) as defined in Sec. 86.094-
2 of this chapter; or
(2) Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW) as defined in Sec. 86.082-2 of this
chapter, in which case the Administrator reserves the right to either
require the manufacturer to test using ALVW and submit the data or
submit the vehicle for testing by the Administrator for emission
standards compliance.
[51 FR 37850, Oct. 24, 1986, as amended at 59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.007-80 Vehicle acceptability.
(a) All certification vehicles and other vehicles tested to meet the
requirements of part 86 (other than those chosen per Sec. 86.080-24(c)
are considered to have met the requirements of this section.
(b) Any vehicle not meeting the provisions of paragraph (a) must be
judged acceptable by the Administrator under this section in order for
the test results to be reviewed for use in subpart C or F of this part.
The Administrator will judge the acceptability of a fuel economy data
vehicle on the basis of the information supplied by the manufacturer
under Sec. 600.006(b). The criteria to be met are:
(1) A fuel economy data vehicle may have accumulated not more than
10,000 miles. A vehicle will be considered to have met this requirement
if the engine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The
components installed for a fuel economy test are not required to be the
ones with which the mileage was accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission
types, and tire sizes may be changed. The Administrator will determine
if vehicle/engine component changes are acceptable.
(2) A vehicle may be tested in different vehicle configurations by
change of vehicle components, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this
section, or by testing in different inertia weight classes. Also, a
single vehicle may be tested under different test conditions, i.e., test
weight and/or road load horsepower, to generate fuel economy data
representing various situations within a vehicle configuration. For
purposes of this part, data generated by a single vehicle tested in
various test conditions will be treated as if the data were generated by
the testing of multiple vehicles.
(3) The mileage on a fuel economy data vehicle must be, to the
extent possible, accumulated according to Sec. 86.079-26(a)(2).
(4) Each fuel economy data vehicle must meet the same exhaust
emission standards as certification vehicles of the respective engine-
system combination during the test in which the city fuel economy test
results are generated. The deterioration factors established for the
respective engine-system combination per Sec. 86.079-28 will be used.
[[Page 702]]
(5) The calibration information submitted under Sec. 600.006(b) must
be representative of the vehicle configuration for which the fuel
economy data were submitted.
(6) Any vehicle tested for fuel economy purposes must be
representative of a vehicle which the manufacturer intends to produce
under the provisions of a certificate of conformity.
(7) For vehicles imported under Sec. 85.1509 or Sec. 85.1511 (b)(2),
(b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4), or (e)(2) (when applicable) only the following
requirements must be met:
(i) For vehicles imported under Sec. 85.1509, a highway fuel economy
value must be generated contemporaneously with the emission test used
for purposes of demonstrating compliance with Sec. 85.1509. No
modifications or adjustments should be made to the vehicles between the
highway fuel economy and the FTP emissions test.
(ii) For vehicles imported under Sec. 85.1509 or Sec. 85.1511
(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4) or (e)(2) (when applicable) with over
10,000 miles, the equation in Sec. 600.006-86 (g)(1) shall be used as
though only 10,000 miles had been accumulated.
(iii) Any required fuel economy testing must take place after any
safety modifications are completed for each vehicle as required by
regulations of the Department of Transportation.
(iv) Every vehicle imported under Sec. 85.1509 or Sec. 85.1511
(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4) or (e)(2) (when applicable) shall be
considered a separate type for the purposes of calculating a fuel
economy label for a manufacturer's average fuel economy.
(c) If, based on review of the information submitted under
Sec. 600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data
vehicle meets the requirements of this section, the fuel economy data
vehicle will be judged to be acceptable and fuel economy data from that
fuel economy data vehicle will be reviewed pursuant to Sec. 600.008.
(d) If, based on the review of the information submitted under
Sec. 600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data
vehicle does not meet the requirements of this section, the
Administrator will reject that fuel economy data vehicle and inform the
manufacturer of the rejection in writing.
(e) If, based on a review of the emission data for a fuel economy
data vehicle, submitted under Sec. 600.006(b), or emission data
generated by a vehicle tested under Sec. 600.008(e), the Administrator
finds an indication of non-compliance with section 202 of the Clean Air
Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. of the regulation thereunder, he may take
such investigative actions as are appropriate to determine to what
extent emission non-compliance actually exists.
(1) The Administrator may, under the provisions of Sec. 86.079-37(a)
request the manufacturer to submit production vehicles of the
configuration(s) specified by the Administrator for testing to determine
to what extent emission noncompliance of a production vehicle
configuration or of a group of production vehicle configurations may
actually exist.
(2) If the Administrator determines, as a result of his
investigation, that substantial emission non-compliance is exhibited by
a production vehicle configuration or group of production vehicle
configurations, he may proceed with respect to the vehicle
configuration(s) as provided under section 206(b)(2) or section
207(c)(1), as applicable of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.
(f) All vehicles used to generate fuel economy data, and for which
emission standards apply, must be covered by a certificate of conformity
under part 86 of this chapter before:
(1) The data may be used in the calculation of any approved general
or specific label value, or
(2) The data will be used in any calculations under subpart F,
except that vehicles imported under Secs. 85.1509 and 85.1511 need not
be covered by a certificate of conformity.
[42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52928, Nov. 14, 1978;
49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984; 52 FR 36164, Sept. 25, 1987; 59 FR 39652,
Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.008-77 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
(a) Fuel economy data must be judged acceptable by the Administrator
in order for the test results to be
[[Page 703]]
used for the purposes of subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator
will evaluate the acceptability of the fuel economy data from either a
fuel economy data vehicle or a certification vehicle on the basis of the
data submitted under Sec. 600.006 or test data generated by the
Administrator, as applicable, in accordance with good engineering
practice.
(b) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the city and highway fuel
economy results (or the harmonic averages, as applicable, if more than
one test were conducted) for a fuel economy data vehicle, or for a
certification vehicle, are reasonable and representative, the
Administrator will accept the fuel economy data (or harmonic averages,
as applicable, of the city and highway fuel economy data if more than
one test was conducted) for use in subpart C or F of this part. In
making this determination, the Administrator will, when possible,
compare the results of a test vehicle to those of other similar test
vehicles.
(c) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the city and highway fuel
economy results (or the harmonic averages if more than one test were
conducted) for a fuel economy data vehicle or for a certification
vehicle are not reasonable or representative, the Administrator will
notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the
manufacturer to submit the test vehicle(s) in question, at a place he
may designate, for the purpose of fuel economy testing.
(d) The Administrator may require that any fuel economy data vehicle
or certification vehicle be submitted, at a place he may designate, for
the purpose of confirmation of fuel economy testing.
(e) For any fuel economy data vehicle that the Administrator has
required to be submitted, at a place he may designate for the purpose of
fuel economy testing, and for any certification vehicle, the
Administrator will follow this procedure:
(1) The manufacturer's data (or harmonically averaged data if more
than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the
Administrator's test.
(2) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the
Administrator will repeat the city test or the highway test or both as
applicable.
(i) The manufacturer's average test results and the results of the
Administrator's first test will be compared with the results of the
Administrator's second test as in paragraph (e)(1) of this section.
(ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, both comparisons in
(e)(2)(i) of this section, indicate a disparity in the data, the
Administrator will repeat the city fuel economy test or highway fuel
economy test or both as applicable until:
(A) In the Administrator's judgment no disparity in the data is
indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator or by
comparison of the manufacturer's average test results and a test by the
Administrator, or
(B) Four city tests or four highway tests or both, as applicable,
are conducted by the Administrator in which a disparity in the data is
indicated when compared as in paragraph (e)(2) of this section.
(3) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity
indicated by comparison of manufacturer's average test results with a
test by the Administrator, the test values generated by the
Administrator will be used to represent the vehicle.
(4) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity
indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator, the harmonic
averages of the city and highway fuel economy results from those tests
will be used to represent the vehicle.
(5) If the situation in paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(B) of this section
occurs, the Administrator will notify the manufacturer, in writing, that
the Administrator rejects that fuel economy data vehicle.
(f) The fuel economy data determined by the Administrator under
paragraph (e) (3) or (4) of this section, together with all other fuel
economy data submitted for that vehicle under Sec. 600.006 (c) or (e)
will be evaluated for reasonableness and representativeness per
paragraph (b) of this section. The fuel
[[Page 704]]
economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph
(b) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this
part.
(g) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by
testing under paragraph (e) of this section, the Administrator
determines that an unacceptable level of correlation exists between fuel
economy data generated by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated
by the Administrator, he may reject all fuel economy data submitted by
the manufacturer until the cause of the discrepancy is determined and
the validity of the data is established by the manufacturer.
(h)(1) If, based on the results of an inspection conducted under
Sec. 600.005(b) or any other information, the Administrator has reason
to believe that the manufacturer has not followed proper testing
procedures or that the testing equipment is faulty or improperly
calibrated, or if records do not exist that will enable him to make a
finding of proper testing, the Administrator may notify the manufacturer
in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to:
(i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon which the data are based or
additional test vehicle(s) at a place he may designate for the purpose
of fuel economy testing.
(ii) Conduct such additional fuel economy testing as may be required
to demonstrate that prior fuel economy test data are reasonable and
representative.
(2) Previous acceptance by the Administrator of any fuel economy
test data submitted by the manufacturer shall not limit the
Administrator's right to require additional testing under paragraph
(h)(1) of this section.
(3) If, based on tests required under paragraph (h)(1) of this
section, the Administrator determines that any fuel economy data
submitted by the manufacturer and used to calculate the manufacturer's
fuel economy average was unrepresentative, the Administrator may
recalculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average based on fuel
economy data that he deems representative.
(4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in Sec. 600.009
if the Administrator decides to recalculate the manufacturer's average
pursuant to determinations made relative to this section.
[41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 49760, Nov. 10, 1976]
Sec. 600.009-85 Hearing on acceptance of test data.
(a)(1) If the Administrator rejects the following:
(i) The use of a manufacturer's fuel economy data vehicle, in
accordance withSec. 600.008 (e) or (g), or
(ii) The use of fuel economy data, in accordance with Sec. 600.008
(c), or (f), or
(iii) The determination of a vehicle configuration, in accordance
with Sec. 600.206(a), or
(iv) The identification of a car line, in accordance with
Sec. 600.002(a)(20), or
(v) The fuel economy label values determined by the manufacturer
under Sec. 600.312(a), then
(2)(i) The manufacturer may, within 30 days following receipt of
notification of rejection, request a hearing on the Administrator's
decision.
(ii) The request must be in writing, signed by an authorized
representative of the manufacturer, and include a statement specifying
the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, and
data in support of such objection.
(iii) If, after the review of the request and supporting data, the
Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial factual
issue(s), the Administrator shall provide the manufacturer with an
opportunity to request a hearing in accordance with the provisions of
this section with respect to such issue(s).
(b)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under paragraph (a) of
this section the Administrator will designate a Presiding Officer for
the hearing.
(2) The General Counsel will represent the Environmental Protection
Agency in any hearing under this section.
(3) If a time and place for the hearing has not been fixed by the
Administrator under paragraph (a) of this section the hearing will be
held as soon as practicable at a time and place fixed by the
Administrator or by the Presiding Officer.
[[Page 705]]
(c)(1) Upon his appointment pursuant to paragraph (a) of this
section, the Presiding Officer shall establish a hearing file. The file
consists of the notice issued by the Administrator under paragraph (a)
of this section together with any accompanying material, the request for
a hearing and the supporting data submitted therewith and correspondence
and other data material to the hearing.
(2) The hearing file will be available for inspection by the
applicant at the office of the Presiding Officer.
(d) A manufacturer may appear in person, or may be represented by
counsel or by any other duly authorized representative.
(e)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or in
his discretion, may arrange for a prehearing conference at a time and
place specified by the Presiding Officer to consider the following:
(i) Simplification and clarification of the issue;
(ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of
documents;
(iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses;
(iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues
in dispute;
(v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing,
including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties.
(2) The results of the conference shall be reduced to writing by the
Presiding Officer and made part of the record.
(f)(1) Hearings shall be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an
informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral
or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer
of irrelevant, immaterial and repetitious evidence.
(2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However,
the Presiding Officer shall call to the attention of witnesses that
their statements may be subject to the provisions of 19 U.S.C. 1001
which imposes penalties for knowingly making false statements or
representations, or using false documents in any matter within the
jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States.
(3) Any witnesses may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding
Officer, the parties, or their representatives.
(4) Hearings shall be reported verbatim. Copies of transcripts of
proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter.
(5) All written statements, charts, tabulations, and similar data
offered in evidence at the hearing shall, upon a showing satisfactory to
the Presiding Officer of their authority, relevancy, and materiality, be
received in evidence and shall constitute a part of the record.
(6) Oral argument may be permitted in the discretion of the
Presiding Officer and will be reported as part of the record unless
otherwise ordered.
(g)(1) The Presiding Officer will make an initial decision which
shall include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis
therefore on all material issues of fact, law or discretion presented on
the record. The findings, conclusions, and written decisions shall be
provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The initial
decision shall become the decision of the Administrator without further
proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or motion for
review by the Administrator within 20 days of the date the initial
decision was filed.
(2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision the
Administrator will have all the powers which he would have in making the
initial decision including the discretion to require or allow briefs,
oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the remanding to the
Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The decision by the
Administration will include written findings and conclusions and the
reasons or basis therefor on all the material issues of fact, law or
discretion presented on the appeal or considered in the review.
(h) A manufacturer's use of any fuel economy data which the
manufacturer challenges pursuant to this section shall not constitute
final acceptance by the manufacturer nor prejudice the
[[Page 706]]
manufacturer in the exercise of any appeal pursuant to this section
challenging such fuel economy data.
[49 FR 13844, Apr. 6, 1984; 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984]
Sec. 600.010-86 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements.
(a) For each certification vehicle defined in this part, and for
each vehicle tested according to the emission test procedures in part 86
for addition of a model after certification Sec. 86.079-32 or, approval
of a running change (Secs. 86.079-33 and 86.082-34):
(1) The manufacturer shall generate city fuel economy data by
testing according to the applicable procedures.
(2) The manufacturer shall generate highway fuel economy data by:
(i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or
(ii) Using an analytical technique, as described in Sec. 600.006(e).
(3) The data generated in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this
section, shall be submitted to the Administrator in combination with
other data for the vehicle required to be submitted in part 86.
(b) For each fuel economy data vehicle:
(1) The manufacturer shall generate city fuel economy data and
highway fuel economy data by:
(i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or
(ii) Use of an analytical technique as described in Sec. 600.006(e),
in addition to testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by testing, highway
fuel economy data by analytical technique).
(2) The data generated shall be submitted to the Administrator
according to the procedures in Sec. 600.006.
(c) Minimum data requirements for labeling. (1) In order to
establish fuel economy label values under Sec. 600.306, the manufacturer
shall use only test data accepted in accordance with Sec. 600.008 (b)
and (f) and meeting the minimum coverage of:
(i) Data required for emission certification under Secs. 86.084-24,
86.079-32, 86.079-33, and 86.082-34,
(ii) Data from the highest projected model year sales
subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales
configuration for each base level, and
(iii) For additional model types established under
Sec. 600.207(a)(2), data from each subconfiguration included within the
model type.
(2) For the purpose of recalculating fuel economy label values as
required under Sec. 600.314(b), the manufacturer shall submit data
required under Sec. 600.507.
(d) Minimum data requirements for the manufacturer's average fuel
economy. For the purpose of calculating the manufacturer's average fuel
economy under Sec. 600.510, the manufacturer shall submit data
representing at least 90 percent of the manufacturer's actual model year
production, by configuration, for each category identified for
calculation under Sec. 600.510(a).
[49 FR 13848, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.011-93 Reference materials.
(a) Incorporation by reference. The documents in paragraph (b) of
this section have been incorporated by reference. The incorporation by
reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be
inspected at USEPA, OAR, 401 M Street, SW., Washington DC 20460, or at
the Office of the Federal Register, 800 N. Capitol Street, NW., suite
700, Washington, DC.
(b) The following paragraphs and tables set forth the material that
has been incorporated by reference in this part.
(1) ASTM material. The following table sets forth material from the
American Society for Testing and Materials which has been incorporated
by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the
material. The second column lists the section(s) of this part, other
than Sec. 600.011, in which the matter is referenced. Copies of these
materials may be obtained from American Society for Testing and
Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.
[[Page 707]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Document number and name 40 CFR part 600 reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASTM E 29-67 (Reapproved 1973) 600.002-93(a)(30); 600.113-93(d)
Standard Recommended Practice for
Indicating which Places of Figures
are to be Considered Significant in
Specified Limiting Values.
ASTM D 1298-85 (Reapproved 1990) 600.113-93(c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(i)(A),
Standard Practice for Density, (c)(2)(i)(B), (c)(2)(ii); 600.510-
Relative Density (Specific 93 (g)(1)(ii)(B), (g)(2)(ii)(B).
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude
Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method.
ASTM D 3343-90 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(1)(ii), (c)(2)(ii).
for Estimation of Hydrogen Content
of Aviation Fuels.
ASTM D 3338-92 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(1)(iii).
for Estimation of Net Heat of
Combustion of Aviation Fuels.
ASTM D 240-92 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(2)(iii); 600.510-93
for Heat of Combustion of Liquid (g)(1)(ii)(A), (g)(2)(ii)(A).
Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb
Calorimeter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) [Reserved]
[59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994]
Subpart B--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Test Procedures
Source: 42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 600.101-86 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.101-93 General applicability.
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later
model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
[59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.102-78 Definitions.
The definitions in Sec. 600.002 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.103-78 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations in Sec. 600.003 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.104-78 Section numbering, construction.
The section numbering system set forth in Sec. 600.004 applies to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.105-78 Recordkeeping.
The recordkeeping requirements set forth in Sec. 600.005 apply to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.106-78 Equipment requirements.
The requirements for test equipment to be used for all fuel economy
testing are given in Secs. 86.106, 86.107, 86.108, 86.109, and 86.111 of
this chapter, as applicable.
Sec. 600.107-78 Fuel specifications.
(a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are
given in paragraph (a)(1) of Sec. 86.113 of this chapter.
(b) The test fuel specifications for diesel automobiles are given in
paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of Sec. 86.113 of this chapter.
Sec. 600.107-93 Fuel specifications.
(a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are
given in Sec. 86.113(a) (1) and (2) of this chapter.
(b) The test fuel specifications for diesel-fueled automobiles are
given in Sec. 86.113(b) (1) through (3) of this chapter.
(c) The test fuel specifications for methanol fuel used in Otto-
cycle automobiles are given in Sec. 86.113(a) (3) and (4) of this
chapter.
(d) The test fuel specifications for methanol fuel used in diesel
cycle automobiles are given in Sec. 86.113(b) (4) through (6) of this
chapter.
(e) The test fuel specifications for mixtures of petroleum and
methanol fuels for methanol dual fuel vehicles are given in
Sec. 86.113(d) of this chapter.
(f) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs
(c) and (d) of this section shall be reported in accordance with
Sec. 86.090-21(b)(3) of this chapter.
[59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994]
[[Page 708]]
Sec. 600.108-78 Analytical gases.
The analytical gases for all fuel economy testing must meet the
criteria given in Sec. 86.114 of this chapter.
Sec. 600.109-78 EPA driving cycles.
(a) The driving cycle to be utilized for generation of the city fuel
economy data is prescribed in Sec. 86.115 of this chapter.
(b) The driving cycle to be utilized for generation of the highway
fuel economy data is specified in this paragraph.
(1) The Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is set forth in
appendix I to this part. The driving schedule is defined by a smooth
trace drawn through the specified speed versus time relationships.
(2) The speed tolerance at any given time on the dynamometer driving
schedule specified in appendix I, or as printed on a driver's aid chart
approved by the Administrator, when conducted to meet the requirements
of paragraph (b) of Sec. 600.111 is defined by upper and lower limits.
The upper limit is 2 mph higher than the highest point on trace within 1
second of the given time. The lower limit is 2 mph lower than the lowest
point on the trace within 1 second of the given time. Speed variations
greater than the tolerances (such as may occur during gear changes) are
acceptable provided they occur for less than 2 seconds on any occasion.
Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable provided the vehicle
is operated at maximum available power during such occurrences.
(3) A graphic representation of the range of acceptable speed
tolerances is found in paragraph (c) of Sec. 86.115 of this chapter.
Sec. 600.110-78 Equipment calibration.
The equipment used for fuel economy testing must be calibrated
according to the provisions of Sec. 86.116 of this chapter.
Sec. 600.111-80 Test procedures.
(a) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the city
fuel economy data are those prescribed in Secs. 86.127-94 through
86.138-78 of this chapter, as applicable. (The evaporative and refueling
loss portions of the test procedure may be omitted unless specifically
required by the Administrator.)
(b) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the highway
fuel economy data are those specified in Sec. 600.111-78 (b) through (h)
inclusive.
(1) The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure consists of a
preconditioning highway driving sequence and a measured highway driving
sequence.
(2) The highway fuel economy test is designated to simulate non-
metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and a maximum
speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stops per mile
and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer
through a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted
exhaust emissions is collected continuously for subsequent analysis
using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute
exhaust is continuously analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample
line and analyzer.
(3) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor
vehicle must be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. The
Administrator may authorize maintenance to correct component malfunction
or failure.
(c) Transmission. The provisions of Sec. 86.128 of this chapter
apply for vehicle transmission operation during highway fuel economy
testing under this subpart.
(d) Road load power and test weight determination. Section 86.129 of
this chapter applies for determination of road load power and test
weight for highway fuel economy testing. The test weight for the testing
of a certification vehicle will be that test weight specified by the
Administrator under the provisions of part 86. The test weight for a
fuel economy data vehicle will be that test weight specified by the
Administrator from the test weights covered by that vehicle
configuration. The Administrator will base his selection of a test
weight on the relative projected sales volumes of the various test
weights within the vehicle configuration.
[[Page 709]]
(e) Vehicle preconditioning. The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer
Procedure is designed to be performed immediately following the Federal
Emission Test Procedure, Secs. 86.127 through 86.138 of this chapter.
When conditions allow, the tests should be scheduled in this sequence.
In the event the tests cannot be scheduled within three hours of the
Federal Emission Test Procedure (including one hour hot soak evaporation
loss test, if applicable) the vehicle should be preconditioned as in
paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) If the vehicle has experienced more than three hours of soak
(68 deg. F-86 deg. F) since the completion of the Federal Emission Test
Procedure, or has experienced periods of storage outdoors, or in
environments where soak temperature is not controlled to 68 deg. F-
86 deg. F, the vehicle must be preconditioned by operation on a
dynamometer through one cycle of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving
Schedule, Sec. 86.115 of this chapter.
(2) In unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning is
desired by the manufacturer, the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of
Sec. 86.132 of this chapter apply.
(f) Highway fuel economy dynamometer procedure. (1) The dynamometer
procedure consists of two cycles of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule (Sec. 600.109 (b)) separated by 15 seconds of idle. The first
cycle of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is driven to
precondition the test vehicle and the second is driven for the fuel
economy measurement.
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of
Sec. 86.135 Dynamometer procedure of this chapter, apply for highway
fuel economy testing.
(3) Only one exhaust sample and one background sample are collected
and analyzed for hydrocarbons (except diesel hydrocarbons which are
analyzed continuously), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
(4) The fuel economy measurement cycle of the test includes two
seconds of idle indexed at the beginning of the second cycle and two
seconds of idle indexed at the end of the second cycle.
(g) Engine starting and restarting. (1) If the engine is not running
at the initiation of the highway fuel economy test (preconditioning
cycle), the start-up procedure must be according to the manufacturer's
recommended procedures.
(2) False starts and stalls during the preconditioning cycle must be
treated as in paragraphs (d) and (e) of Sec. 86.136 of this chapter. If
the vehicle stalls during the measurement cycle of the highway fuel
economy test, the test is voided, corrective action may be taken
according to Sec. 86.079-25 of this chapter, and the vehicle may be
rescheduled for test. The person taking the corrective action shall
report the action so that the test records for the vehicle contain a
record of the action.
(h) Dynamometer test run. The following steps must be taken for each
test:
(1) Place the drive wheels of the vehicle on the dynamometer. The
vehicle may be driven onto the dynamometer.
(2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the
cooling fan(s) required. Manufacturers may request the use of additional
cooling fans for additional engine compartment or under-vehicle cooling
and for controlling high tire or brake temperatures during dynamometer
operation.
(3) Preparation of the CVS must be performed before the measurement
highway driving cycle.
(4) Equipment preparation. The provisions of paragraphs (b) (3)
through (5) inclusive of Sec. 86.137 of this chapter apply for highway
fuel economy test except that only one exhaust sample collection bag and
one dilution air sample collection bag need be connected to the sample
collection systems.
(5) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified
in paragraph (b) of Sec. 600.109.
(6) When the vehicle reaches zero speed at the end of the
preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the
emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and enable the roll
revolution counter.
(7) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified
in paragraph
[[Page 710]]
(b) of Sec. 600.109 while sampling the exhaust gas.
(8) Sampling must begin two seconds before beginning the first
acceleration of the fuel economy measurement cycle and must end two
seconds after the end of the deceleration to zero. At the end of the
deceleration to zero speed, the roll or shaft revolutions must be
recorded.
[42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52929, Nov. 14, 1978;
59 FR 16309, Apr. 6, 1994]
Sec. 600.111-93 Test procedures.
(a) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the city
fuel economy data are those prescribed in Secs. 86.127 through 86.138 of
this chapter, as applicable, except as provided for in paragraph (d) of
this section. (The evaporative loss portion of the test procedure may be
omitted unless specifically required by the Administrator.)
(b) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the highway
fuel economy data are those specified in paragraphs (b) through (j) of
this section.
(1) The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure consists of
preconditioning highway driving sequence and a measured highway driving
sequence.
(2) The highway fuel economy test is designated to simulate non-
metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and a maximum
speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stop per mile and
consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through
a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust
emission is collected continuously for subsequent analysis of
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide using a constant volume
(variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute exhaust is continuously
analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample line and analyzer.
Methanol and formaldehyde samples are collected and individually
analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (measurement of methanol and
formaldehyde may be omitted for 1993 through 1994 model year methanol-
fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on methanol is used for
measuring HC plus methanol).
(3) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all
emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor
vehicle must be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. The
Administrator may authorize maintenance to correct component malfunction
or failure.
(c) Transmission. The provisions of Sec. 86.128 of this chapter
apply for vehicle transmission operation during highway fuel economy
testing under this subpart.
(d) Road load power and test weight determination. Section 86.129 of
this chapter applies for determination of road load power and test
weight for highway fuel economy testing. The test weight for the testing
of a certification vehicle will be that test weight specified by the
Administrator under the provisions of part 86 of this chapter. The test
weight for a fuel economy data vehicle will be that test weight
specified by the Administrator from the test weights covered by that
vehicle configuration. The Administrator will base his selection of a
test weight on the relative projected sales volumes of the various test
weights within the vehicle configuration.
(e) Vehicle preconditioning. The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer
Procedure is designed to be performed immediately following the Federal
Emission Test Procedure, Secs. 86.127 through 86.138 of this chapter.
When conditions allow, the tests should be scheduled in this sequence.
In the event the tests cannot be scheduled within three hours of the
Federal Emission Test Procedure (including one hour hot soak evaporative
loss test, if applicable) the vehicle should be preconditioned as in
paragraph (e) (1) or (2) of this section, as applicable.
(1) If the vehicle has experienced more than three hours of soak (68
deg.F-86 deg.F) since the completion of the Federal Emission Test
Procedure, or has experienced periods of storage outdoors, or in
environments where soak temperature is not controlled to 68 deg.F-86
deg.F, the vehicle must be preconditioned by operation on a dynamometer
through
[[Page 711]]
one cycle of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, Sec. 86.115 of
this chapter.
(2) In unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning is
desired by the manufacturer, the provisions of Sec. 86.132(a)(3) of this
chapter apply.
(f) Highway fuel economy dynamometer procedure. (1) The dynamometer
procedure consists of two cycles of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule (Sec. 600.109(b)) separated by 15 seconds of idle. The first
cycle of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is driven to
precondition the test vehicle and the second is driven for the fuel
economy measurement.
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (f), (g) and (h) of
Sec. 86.135 Dynamometer procedure of this chapter, apply for highway
fuel economy testing.
(3) Only one exhaust sample and one background sample are collected
and analyzed for hydrocarbons (except diesel hydrocarbons which are
analyzed continuously), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Methanol
and formaldehyde samples (exhaust and dilution air) are collected and
analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (measurement of methanol and
formaldehyde may be omitted for 1993 through 1994 model year methanol-
fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on methanol is used for
measuring HC plus methanol).
(4) The fuel economy measurement cycle of the test includes two
seconds of idle indexed at the beginning of the second cycle and two
seconds of idle indexed at the end of the second cycle.
(g) Engine starting and restarting. (1) If the engine is not running
at the initiation of the highway fuel economy test (preconditioning
cycle), the start-up procedure must be according to the manufacturer's
recommended procedures.
(2) False starts and stalls during the preconditioning cycle must be
treated as in Sec. 86.136(d) and (e) of this chapter. If the vehicle
stalls during the measurement cycle of the highway fuel economy test,
the test is voided, corrective action may be taken according to
Sec. 86.079-25 of this chapter, and the vehicle may be rescheduled for
test. The person taking the corrective action shall report the action so
that the test records for the vehicle contain a record of the action.
(h) Dynamometer test run. The following steps must be taken for each
test:
(1) Place the drive wheels of the vehicle on the dynamometer. The
vehicle may be driven onto the dynamometer.
(2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the
cooling fans(s) required. Manufacturers may request the use of
additional cooling fans for additional engine compartment or under-
vehicle cooling and for controlling high tire or brake temperatures
during dynamometer operation.
(3) Preparation of the CVS must be performed before the measurement
highway driving cycle.
(4) Equipment preparation. The provisions of Sec. 86.137(b)(3)
through (6) of this chapter apply for highway fuel economy test except
that only one exhaust sample collection bag and one dilution air sample
collection bag need be connected to the sample collection systems.
(5) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified
in Sec. 600.109(b).
(6) When the vehicle reaches zero speed at the end of the
preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the
emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and enable the roll
revolution counter.
(7) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving
Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified
in Sec. 600.109(b) while sampling the exhaust gas.
(8) Sampling must begin two seconds before beginning the first
acceleration of the fuel economy measurement cycle and must end two
seconds after the end of the deceleration to zero. At the end of the
deceleration to zero speed, the roll or shaft revolutions must be
recorded.
(i) For methanol dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of
Sec. 600.111 (a) and (b) shall be performed for each of the required
test fuels:
(1) Gasoline or diesel fuel as specified in Sec. 600.107 (a) and
(b); and
(2) Methanol fuel as specified in Sec. 600.107 (c) and (d); and
[[Page 712]]
(3) A mixture containing 50% gasoline or diesel and 50% methanol by
volume, applicable during model years 1993 through 1995; or
(4) In lieu of testing using the mixture containing 50% gasoline or
diesel and 50% methanol by volume, the manufacturer must provide a
written statement attesting that the equal or superior energy efficiency
is attained while using the 50% gasoline or diesel and 50% methanol
mixture compared to using gasoline.
[59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.112-78 Exhaust sample analysis.
The exhaust sample analysis must be performed according to
Sec. 86.140 of this chapter.
Sec. 600.113-78 Fuel economy calculations.
The calculations of vehicle fuel economy values require the weighted
grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2 for the city fuel economy
test and the grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2 for the highway
fuel economy test. The city and highway fuel economy values must be
calculated by the procedures of this section. A sample calculation
appears in appendix II to this part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel
economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in Sec. 86.144 of
this chapter.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test
for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in paragraph (b) of Sec. 86.144 of
this chapter.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway test for HC, CO,
and CO2 by dividing the mass values obtained in (b)(1) by the
actual distance traveled, measured in miles, as specified in paragraph
(h) of Sec. 86.135 of this chapter.
(c) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from
grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO2. The emission values
(obtained per paragraph (a) or (b) as applicable) used in each
calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with
Sec. 86.079-26(a)(6)(ii). The CO2 values (obtained per paragraph
(a) or (b) of this section as applicable) used in each calculation in
this section are rounded to the nearest gram/mile.
(d) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of gasoline by dividing 2421 by the sum of three terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph
(c)),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph
(c), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in
paragraph (c) of this section).
Round to quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
(e) For diesel powered automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three
terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph
(c) of this section),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph
(c)), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in
paragraph (c)).
Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
[42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52929, Nov. 14, 1978]
Sec. 600.113-88 Fuel economy calculations.
The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in
this paragraph for all official EPA tests. For the 1988 model year,
manufacturers may choose to use this procedure or use the calculation
procedure described in Sec. 600.113-78. However, once a manufacturer
uses this procedure, it must be used for all subsequent tests. This
procedure must be used by manufacturers for 1989 and later model years.
The calculations of the weighted fuel economy values require input of
the weighted grams/mile values for HC, CO and CO2 for both the city
fuel economy test and the highway fuel economy test. Additionally, for
tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles, the specific gravity, carbon weight
fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The
city and highway fuel economy values shall be calculated as specified in
this section. A sample appears in appendix II to this part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel
economy test for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in
[[Page 713]]
Sec. 86.144 of this chapter. For tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles,
measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph
(c) of this section.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test
for HC, CO, and CO2 as specified in paragraph (b) of Sec. 86.144 of
this chapter. For tests of gasoline-fueled vehicles, measure and record
the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy
test for HC, CO, and CO2 by dividing the mass values obtained in
paragraph (b)(1) of this section, by the actual distance traveled,
measured in miles, as specified in paragraph (h) of Sec. 86.135 of this
chapter.
(c) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis of
a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken after
each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the fuel
shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property changes
during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if EPA
concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the
properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will
remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples shall
be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(1) Specific gravity per ASTM D 1298.
(2) Carbon weight fraction per ASTM D 3343.
(3) Net heating value (Btu/lb) per ASTM D 3338.
(d) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from
the grams/mile values for HC, CO, CO2 and, for test of gasoline-
fueled vehicles, the test fuel's specific gravity, carbon weight
fraction and net heating value. The emission values (obtained per
paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each
calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with
Sec. 86.084-26(a)(6)(iii). The CO2 values (obtained per paragraph
(a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each calculation of
this section shall be rounded to the nearest gram/mile. The specific
gravity and the carbon weight fraction (obtained per paragraph (c) of
this section) shall be recorded using three places to the right of the
decimal point. The net heating value (obtained per paragraph (c) of this
section) shall be recorded to the nearest whole Btu/lb. These numbers
shall be rounded in accordance with the ``Rounding Off Method''
specified in ASTM E 29-67.
(e) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, the fuel economy in miles per
gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(5174 x 104 x CWF x SG)/
[((CWF x HC)+(0.429 x CO))+(0.273 x CO2))
x ((0.6 x SG x NHV)+5471)]
Where:
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of
this section.
NHV=Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (D)
of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
Round the calculated result to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon.
(f) For diesel automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per
gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three terms:
(1) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph
(d) of this section),
(2) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph
(d) of this section), and
(3) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in
paragraph (d) of this section).
Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
[51 FR 37851, Oct. 24, 1986]
Sec. 600.113-93 Fuel economy calculations.
The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in
this paragraph for all official EPA testing of vehicles fueled with
gasoline, diesel, methanol or natural gas fuel. The calculations of the
weighted fuel economy values require input of the weighted grams/mile
values for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO),
[[Page 714]]
and carbon dioxide (CO2); and, additionally for methanol-fueled
automobiles, methanol (CH3OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO); and
additionally for natural gas-fueled vehicles non-methane hydrocarbons
(NMHC) and methane (CH4) for both the city fuel economy test and
the highway fuel economy test. Additionally, the specific gravity,
carbon weight fraction and net heating value of the test fuel must be
determined. The city and highway fuel economy values shall be calculated
as specified in this section. A sample appears in appendix II to this
part.
(a) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the city fuel
economy test for HC, CO and CO2; and, additionally for methanol-
fueled automobiles, CH3OH and HCHO; and additionally for natural
gas-fueled automobiles NMHC and CH4 as specified in Sec. 86.144 of
this chapter. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified
in paragraph (c) of this section.
(b)(1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test
for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable CH3OH, HCHO, NMHC and
CH4 as specified in Sec. 86.144(b) of this chapter. Measure and
record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy
test for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable CH3OH, HCHO,
NMHC and CH4 by dividing the mass values obtained in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section, by the actual distance traveled, measured in
miles, as specified in Sec. 86.135(h) of this chapter.
(c)(1) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis
of a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken
after each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the
fuel shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property
changes during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if EPA
concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the
properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will
remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples shall
be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
(i) Specific gravity per ASTM D 1298 (Incorporated by reference as
specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(ii) Carbon weight fraction per ASTM D 3343 (Incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(iii) Net heating value (Btu/lb) per ASTM D 3338 (Incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(2) Methanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following
fuel properties:
(i) Specific gravity using either:
(A) ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 600.011-93) for the blend or:
(B) ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 600.011-93) for the gasoline fuel component and also for the
methanol fuel component and combining as follows:
SG=SGg x volume fraction gasoline+SGm x volume fraction
methanol.
(ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation:
CWF=CWFg x MFg+0.375 x MFm
Where:
CWFg=Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend per ASTM D
3343 (incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
MFg=Mass fraction gasoline=(GxSGg)/(GxSGg+MxSGm)
MFm=Mass fraction methanol=(MxSGm)/(GxSGg+MxSGm)
Where:
G=Volume fraction gasoline
M=Volume fraction methanol
SGg=Specific gravity of gasoline as measured by ASTM D 1298
(Incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
SGm=Specific gravity of methanol as measured by ASTM D 1298
(Incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to
measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the
manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as
accurate as those specified in this paragraph (c)(2)(ii).
(iii) Net heating value (BTU/lb) per ASTM D 240 (Incorporated by
reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
[[Page 715]]
(3) Natural gas test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the
following fuel properties:
(i) Fuel composition per ASTM D 1945-91, Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography. This incorporation by
reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be
obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race
Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA,
OAR, 401 M Street, SW., Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of the
Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington,
DC.
(ii) Specific gravity (based on fuel composition per ASTM D 1945).
(iii) Carbon weight fraction based on the carbon contained only in
the HC constituents of the fuel=weight of carbon in HC constituents
divided by the total weight of fuel.
(iv) Carbon weight fraction of fuel=total weight of carbon in the
fuel (i.e., includes carbon contained in HC and in CO2) divided by
total weight of fuel.
(d) Calculate the city fuel economy and highway fuel economy from
the grams/mile values for total HC, CO, CO2 and, where applicable,
CH3OH, HCHO, NMHC and CH4 and, the test fuel's specific
gravity, carbon weight fraction, net heating value, and additionally for
natural gas, the test fuel's composition. The emission values (obtained
per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each
calculation of this section shall be rounded in accordance with
Sec. 86.084-26(a)(6)(iii) of this chapter. The CO2 values (obtained
per paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable) used in each
calculation of this section shall be rounded to the nearest gram/mile.
The specific gravity and the carbon weight fraction (obtained per
paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded using three places to
the right of the decimal point. The net heating value (obtained per
paragraph (c) of this section) shall be recorded to the nearest whole
Btu/lb. These numbers shall be rounded in accordance with the ``Rounding
Off Method'' specified in ASTM E 29-67.
(e)(1) For gasoline-fueled automobiles, the fuel economy in miles
per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(5174 x 10\4\ x CWF x SG)/ [((CWF x HC)+(0.429 x
CO)+(0.273 x CO2)) x ((0.6 x SGxNHV)+5471)]
Where:
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of
this section.
NHV=Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d)
of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(2) Round the calculated result to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon.
(f)(1) For diesel-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three
terms:
(i) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph
(d) of this section);
(ii) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph
(d) of this section); and
(iii) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained in
paragraph (d) of this section).
(2) Round the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon.
(g) For methanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to
operate on mixtures of gasoline and methanol, the fuel economy in miles
per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:
mpg=(CWF x SG x 3781.8)/((CWFexHC x HC) + (0.429 x CO) + (0.273
x CO2) + (0.375 x CH3OH) + (0.400 x HCHO))
Where:
CWF=Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph
(c)(2)(ii) of this section.
SG=Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (c)(2)(i) of
this section.
[[Page 716]]
CWFexHC=Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons= CWFg
as determined in (c)(2)(ii) of this section (for M100 fuel,
CWFexHC=0.866).
HC=Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO=Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (d) of this section.
CO2=Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
CH3OH=Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as obtained in paragraph (d)
of this section.
HCHO=Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (d) of this
section.
(h) For automobiles fueled with natural gas, the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of natural gas is to be calculated using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21SE94.006
Where:
mpge=miles per equivalent gallon of natural gas.
CWFHC/NG=carbon weight fraction based on the hydrocarbon
constituents in the natural gas fuel as obtained in paragraph (d) of
this section.
DNG=density of the natural gas fuel [grams/ft3 at 68 deg.F
(20 deg.C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)] pressure as obtained in paragraph
(d) of this section.
CH4, NMHC, CO, and CO2=weighted mass exhaust emissions [grams/
mile] for methane, non-methane HC, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide
as calculated in Sec. 600.113.
CWFNMHC=carbon weight fraction of the non-methane HC constituents
in the fuel as determined from the speciated fuel composition per
paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
CO2NG=grams of carbon dioxide in the natural gas fuel consumed per
mile of travel.
CO2NG=FCNG DNG WFCO2
where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21SE94.007
where:
CWFNG=the carbon weight fraction of the natural gas fuel as
calculated in paragraph (d) of this section.
WFCO2=weight fraction carbon dioxide of the natural gas fuel
calculated using the mole fractions and molecular weights of the natural
gas fuel constituents per ASTM D 1945.
[59 FR 39654, Aug. 3, 1994; 59 FR 44795, Aug. 30, 1994, as amended at 59
FR 48537, Sept. 21, 1994]
Subpart C--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy Values
Sec. 600.201-86 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.201-93 General applicability.
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later
model year
[[Page 717]]
gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled,
alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.202-77 Definitions.
The definitions in Sec. 600.002 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.203-77 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations in Sec. 600.003 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.204-77 Section numbering, construction.
The section numbering system set forth in Sec. 600.004 applies to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.205-77 Recordkeeping.
The recordkeeping requirements set forth in Sec. 600.005 apply to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.206-86 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel, and electric vehicle configurations.
(a) Fuel economy values determined for each vehicle, and as approved
in Sec. 600.008 (b) or (f), are used to determine city, highway, and
combined fuel economy values for each vehicle configuration (as
determined by the Administrator) for which data are available.
(1) If only one set of city and highway fuel economy values is
accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values, rounded to the
nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel
economy values for that configuration.
(2) If more than one city or highway fuel economy value is accepted
for a vehicle configuration:
(i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for
which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in
accordance with Sec. 600.207(a)(3).
(ii) Within each group of data, all values are harmonically averaged
and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to
determine city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration
at which the vehicle configuration was tested.
(iii) All city fuel economy values and all highway fuel economy
values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are
(separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the sales
fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle
configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of
vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded
to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the city and highway fuel
economy values for the vehicle configuration.
(3) The combined fuel economy value for a vehicle configuration is
calculated by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy
values, as determined in Sec. 600.206(a) (1) or (2), weighted 0.55 and
0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A
sample of this calculation appears in appendix II to this part.
(b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists
for an electric configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth
of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-based fuel economy for
that configuration.
(c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value
exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that
vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the
nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.206-93 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, electric, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel,
and natural gas dual fuel vehicle configurations.
(a) Fuel economy values determined for each vehicle, and as approved
in Sec. 600.008 (b) or (f), are used to determine city, highway, and
combined fuel economy values for each vehicle configuration (as
determined by the Administrator) for which data are available.
(1) If only one set of city and highway fuel economy values is
accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values, rounded to the
nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel
economy values for that configuration.
[[Page 718]]
(2) If more than one city or highway fuel economy value is accepted
for a vehicle configuration:
(i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for
which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in
accordance with Sec. 600.207(a)(3).
(ii) Within each group of data, all values are harmonically averaged
and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to
determine city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration
at which the vehicle configuration was tested.
(iii) All city fuel economy values and all highway fuel economy
values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are
(separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the sales
fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle
configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of
vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded
to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the city and highway fuel
economy values for the vehicle configuration.
(3) The combined fuel economy value for a vehicle configuration is
calculated by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy
values, as determined in Sec. 600.206(a) (1) or (2), weighted 0.55 and
0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A
sample of this calculation appears in Appendix II to this part.
(4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a) (1) through (3) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy values for each configuration.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
(b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists
for an electric configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth
of a mile per gallon, will compose the petroleum-based fuel economy for
that configuration.
(c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value
exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that
vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the
nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994]
Effective Date Note: At 59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994, Sec. 600.206-93
was added. This section contains information collection and
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 600.207-86 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
(a) Fuel economy values for a base level are calculated from vehicle
configuration fuel economy values as determined in Sec. 600.206(a) for
low-altitude tests.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other
states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each base level for
vehicles intended for sale in California and for each base level for
vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency of certain designs
otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to
subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is
accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level
and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical
to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the
purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The
manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and
base level(s) if:
(i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another
model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label
and on the vehicle bearing that label,
(ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not
included in any other base level which differs only
[[Page 719]]
by basic engine (i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the
original base level fuel economy values), and
(iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are
represented by test data in accordance with Sec. 600.010(c)(ii).
(3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections
for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
(i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-
vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car
line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the
states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
(ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any
model type value is calculated for a label value.
(iii) The requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by
providing an amended application for certification, as described in
Sec. 86.084-21.
(4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy values, as determined in
Sec. 600.206(a), are grouped according to base level.
(i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been
tested, the fuel economy value from that vehicle configuration
constitutes the fuel economy for that base level.
(ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has
been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are
harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction
(rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the
resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per
gallon.
(5) The procedure specified in Sec. 600.207(a) will be repeated for
each base level, thus establishing city, highway, and combined fuel
economy values for each base level.
(6) For the purposes of calculating a base level fuel economy value,
if the only vehicle configuration(s) within the base level are vehicle
configuration(s) which are intended for sale at high altitude, the
Administrator may use fuel economy data from tests conducted on these
vehicle configuration(s) at high altitude to calculate the fuel economy
for the base level.
(b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a city,
highway, and combined fuel economy value will be calculated by using the
projected sales and fuel economy values for each base level within the
model type.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other
states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each model type for
vehicles intended for sale in California and for each model type for
vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing
the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the
projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the
nearest 0.0001.
(3) The city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to
the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of
terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction
determined by dividing:
(i) The sales fraction of a base level, by
(ii) The city fuel economy value for the respective base level.
(4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is
repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined
fuel economy values for the model type.
[49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.207-93 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
(a) Fuel economy values for a base level are calculated from vehicle
configuration fuel economy values as determined in Sec. 600.206(a) for
low-altitude tests.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other
states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each base level for
vehicles intended for sale in California
[[Page 720]]
and for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of
the states.
(2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency of certain designs
otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to
subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is
accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base level
and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is identical
to the existing base level except that it shall be considered, for the
purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The
manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new basic engines and
base level(s) if:
(i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another
model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label
and on the vehicle bearing that label;
(ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not
included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine
(i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base
level fuel economy values); and
(iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are
represented by test data in accordance with Sec. 600.010(c)(ii).
(3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections
for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
(i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-
vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car
line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the
states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
(ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any
model type value is calculated for a label value.
(iii) The requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by
providing an amended application for certification, as described in
Sec. 86.084-21 of this chapter.
(4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy values, as determined in
Sec. 600.206(a), are grouped according to base level.
(i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been
tested, the fuel economy value from that vehicle configuration
constitutes the fuel economy for that base level.
(ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has
been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are
harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction
(rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the
resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per
gallon.
(5) The procedure specified in Sec. 600.207(a) will be repeated for
each base level, thus establishing city, highway, and combined fuel
economy values for each base level.
(6) For the purposes of calculating a base level fuel economy value,
if the only vehicle configuration(s) within the base level are vehicle
configuration(s) which are intended for sale at high altitude, the
Administrator may use fuel economy data from tests conducted on these
vehicle configuration(s) at high altitude to calculate the fuel economy
for the base level.
(7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy values for each base level.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
(b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a city,
highway, and combined fuel economy value will be calculated by using the
projected sales and fuel economy values for each base level within the
model type.
(1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy from those intended for sale in other
states, he will calculate fuel economy values for each model type
[[Page 721]]
for vehicles intended for sale in California and for each model type for
vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the states.
(2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing
the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the
projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the
nearest 0.0001.
(3) The city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to
the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of
terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction
determined by dividing:
(i) The sales fraction of a base level; by
(ii) The city fuel economy value for the respective base level.
(4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is
repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined
fuel economy values for the model type.
(5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy values for each model type.
(i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
(ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy values
from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
[59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994]
Effective Date Note: At 59 FR 39655, Aug. 3, 1994, Sec. 600.207-93
was added. This section contains information collection and
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 600.208-77 Sample calculation.
An example of the calculation required in this subpart appears in
appendix III.
[41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976]
Sec. 600.209-85 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
(a) For the purposes of calculating the city model type fuel economy
value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1) For general labels multiply the city model type fuel economy
value determined in Sec. 600.207(b), by 0.90, rounding the product to
the nearest whole mpg, or
(2) For specific labels multiply the city fuel economy value
determined in Sec. 600.206(a)(iii), by 0.90, rounding the product to the
nearest whole mpg, and
(b) For the purposes of calculating the highway model type fuel
economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1) For general labels multiply the highway model type fuel economy
value determined in Sec. 600.207(b) by 0.78, rounding the product to the
nearest whole mpg, or
(2) For specific labels multiply the highway fuel economy value
determined in Sec. 600.206(a)(iii) by 0.78.
(c) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this
section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b)
of this section, the city value will be set equal to the highway value.
(d)(1) The combined fuel economy for a model type, to be used in
determining annual fuel costs under Sec. 600.308(c), is determine
(except as provided for in paragraph (d)(2) of this section), by
harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, determined
in Sec. 209 (a) and (b), weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and
rounded to the nearest whole mpg. (An example of this calculation
procedure appears in appendix II of this part).
(2) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this
section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b)
of this section, the combined fuel economy will be set equal to the
highway value, rounded to the nearest whole mpg.
[49 FR 13845, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984]
[[Page 722]]
Sec. 600.209-95 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
(a) For the purposes of calculating the city model type fuel economy
value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1)(i) For general labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled,
alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles multiply the city
model type fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.207 (b), by 0.90,
rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For general labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual
fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.207 (b)(5)(i) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest
whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.207 (b)(5)(ii) by 0.90, rounding the product to the nearest
whole mpg; or
(2)(i) For specific labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled,
alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the city
model type fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.206 (a)(2)(iii), by
0.90, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For specific labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual
fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(i) by 0.90, rounding the product to the
nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the city model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(ii) by 0.90, rounding the product to
the nearest whole mpg.
(b) For the purposes of calculating the highway model type fuel
economy value for labeling the manufacturer shall:
(1)(i) For general labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled,
alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the highway
model type fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.207 (b), by 0.78,
rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For general labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual
fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.207 (b)(5)(i) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest
whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.207 (b)(5)(ii) by 0.78, rounding the product to the nearest
whole mpg; or
(2)(i) For specific labels for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled,
alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, multiply the highway
model type fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.206 (a)(iii), by
0.78, rounding the product to the nearest whole mpg; or
(ii) For specific labels for alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual
fuel automobiles:
(A) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(i) by 0.78, rounding the product to the
nearest whole mpg; and
(B) Multiply the highway model type fuel economy calculated from the
tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel as determined in
Sec. 600.206 (a)(2)(iii) and (4)(ii) by 0.78, rounding the product to
the nearest whole mpg.
(c) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this
section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b)
of this section, the city value will be set equal to the highway value.
(d) For the purposes of calculating the combined fuel economy for a
model type, to be used in determining annual fuel costs under
Sec. 600.307, the manufacturer shall (except as provided for in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section):
(1)(i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and
natural gas-fueled automobiles, harmonically average the unrounded city
and highway values, determined in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (b)(1)(i), or
(a)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(i) of this section weighted 0.55 and 0.45
respectively, and round to the
[[Page 723]]
nearest whole mpg. (An example of this calculation procedure appears in
appendix II of this part); or
(ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles,
harmonically average the unrounded city and highway values from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel as determined in
paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) and (b)(1)(ii)(A), or (a)(2)(ii)(A) and
(b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section.
(2) If the resulting city value determined in paragraph (a) of this
section exceeds the resulting highway value determined in paragraph (b)
of this section, the combined fuel economy will be set equal to the
highway value, rounded to the nearest whole mpg.
[59 FR 39656, Aug. 3, 1994]
Effective Date Note: At 59 FR 39656, Aug. 3, 1994, Sec. 600.209-95
was added. This section contains information collection and
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Subpart D--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Labeling
Source: 41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 600.301-86 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[49 FR 13850, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.301-95 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1995 and later
model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[59 FR 39657, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.302-77 Definitions.
The definitions in Sec. 600.002 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.303-77 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations in Sec. 600.003 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.304-77 Section numbering, construction.
The section numbering procedure set forth in Sec. 600.004 applies to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.305-77 Recordkeeping.
The recordkeeping requirements set forth in Sec. 600.005 apply to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.306-86 Labeling requirements.
(a) Prior to being offered for sale, each manufacturer shall affix
or cause to be affixed and each dealer shall maintain or cause to be
maintained on each automobile:
(1) A general fuel economy label (initial, or updated as required in
Sec. 600.314) as described in Sec. 600.307(c) or:
(2) A specific label, as described in Sec. 600.307(d), for those
automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that occurs 15 days
after general labels have been determined by the manufacturer.
(i) If the manufacturer elects to use a specific label within a
model type (as defined in Sec. 600.002(a)(19)), he shall also affix
specific labels on all automobiles within this model type, except on
those automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that labels
are required to bear range values as required by
[[Page 724]]
paragraph (b) of this section, or determined by the Administrator, or as
permitted under Sec. 600.310.
(ii) If a manufacturer elects to change from general to specific
labels or vice versa within a model type, the manufacturer shall, within
five calendar days, initiate or discontinue as applicable, the use of
specific labels on all vehicles within a model type at all facilities
where labels are affixed.
(3) For any vehicle for which a specific label is requested which
has a combined unadjusted fuel economy value at or below the minimum
tax-free value, the following statement must appear on the specific
label:
[Manufacturer's name] may have to pay IRS a Gas Guzzler Tax on this
vehicle because of the low fuel economy.
(4)(i) At the time a general fuel economy value is determined for a
model type, a manufacturer shall, except as provided in paragraph
(a)(4)(ii) of this section, relabel, or cause to be relabeled, vehicles
which:
(A) Have not been delivered to the ultimate purchaser, and
(B) Have a combined model type fuel economy value of 0.1 mpg or more
below the lowest fuel economy value at which a Gas Guzzler Tax of $0 is
to be assessed.
(ii) The manufacturer has the option of relabeling vehicles during
the first five working days after the general label value is known.
(iii) For those vehicle model types which have been issued a
specific label and are subsequently found to have tax liability, the
manufacturer is responsible for the tax liability regardless of whether
the vehicle has been sold or not or whether the vehicle has been
relabeled or not.
(b) The manufacturer shall include the current range of fuel economy
of comparable automobiles (as described in Secs. 600.311 and 600.314) in
the label of each vehicle manufactured or imported more than 15 calendar
days after the current range is made available by the Administrator.
(1) Automobiles manufactured before a date 16 or more calendar days
after the initial label range is made available under Sec. 600.311(c)
may be labeled without a range of fuel economy of comparable
automobiles. In place of the range of fuel economy of comparable
automobiles, the label must contain a statement indicating that, as of
the date of production or importation of this automobile, no range of
fuel economy of comparable automobiles was available.
(2) Automobiles manufactured more than 15 calendar days after the
initial or updated label range is made available under Sec. 600.311 (c)
or (d) will be labeled with the current range of fuel economy of
comparable automobiles as approved for that label.
(c) The fuel economy label must be readily visible from the exterior
of the automobile and remain affixed until the time the automobile is
delivered to the ultimate consumer.
(1) The fuel economy label must be located on a side window. If the
window is not large enough to contain both the Automobile Information
Disclosure Act label and the fuel economy label, the manufacturer shall
have the fuel economy label affixed on another window and as close as
possible to the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label.
(2) The fuel economy label information may be included with the
Automobile Information Disclosure Act label if the prominence and
legibility of the fuel economy label is maintained. For this purpose,
all fuel economy label information must be placed on a separate section
in the label and may not be intermixed with the Automobile Information
Disclosure Act label information, except for vehicle descriptions as
noted in Sec. 600.307-86(c).
(3) The manufacturer shall have the fuel economy label affixed in
such a manner that appearance and legibility are maintained until after
the vehicle is delivered to the ultimate consumer.
[49 FR 13850, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984; 52
FR 47877, Dec. 16, 1987]
Sec. 600.307-86 Fuel economy label format requirements.
(a)(1) Fuel economy labels must be:
(i) Rectangular in shape with a minimum height of 4.5 inches (114
mm) and a minimum length of 7.0 inches (178 mm) as depicted in Appendix
VIII.
(ii) Printed in a color which contrasts with the paper color.
[[Page 725]]
(iii) The label shall have a contrasting border at least 0.25 inches
(6.4 mm) wide.
(2) The top 50 percent of the total fuel economy label area shall
contain only the following information and in the same format depicted
in the label format in Appendix VIII:
(i) The titles ``CITY MPG'' and ``HIGHWAY MPG'', centered over the
applicable fuel economy estimates, in bold caps 10 points in size,
(ii) The city and highway fuel economy estimates calculated in
accordance with Sec. 600.209 (a) and (b),
(iii) The fuel pump logo, and
(iv) The phrase ``Compare this [vehicle/truck] to others in the FREE
GAS MILEAGE GUIDE available at the dealer,'' shall be ``dropped-out'' of
the top border as depicted in the sample label format in Appendix VIII.
The phrase shall be in lower case in a medium condensed type except for
the words ``FREE GAS MILEAGE GUIDE'' which shall be capitalized in a
bold condensed type and no smaller than 12 points in size.
(3) The bottom 50 percent of the label shall contain the following
information:
(i) The [vehicle/truck] description, as described in paragraph (c)
or (d) of this section, when applicable.
(ii)(A) A statement: ``Actual mileage will vary with options,
driving conditions, driving habits and [vehicle's/truck's] condition.
Results reported to EPA indicate that the majority of [vehicle/truck]
with these estimates will achieve between ---- and ---- mpg in the city,
and between ---- and ---- mpg on the highway.''
(B) The range values for this statement are to be calculated in
accordance with the following:
(1) The lower range values shall be determined by multiplying the
city and highway estimates by 0.85, then rounding to the next lower
integer value.
(2) The upper range values shall be determined by multiplying the
city and highway estimates by 1.15 and rounding to the next higher
integer value.
(iii)(A) A statement: ``For comparison shopping, all [vehicles/
trucks] classified as [insert category as determined in Sec. 600.315]
have been issued mileage ratings ranging from ---- to ---- mpg city and
---- to ---- mpg highway.'' (The range values are those determined in
accordance with Sec. 600.311.) Or, when applicable,
(B) A statement: ``A range of fuel economy values for other
[vehicles/trucks] classified as [insert category as determined in
Sec. 600.315] is not available at this time.'' or by the statement:
``Not available.''
(iv)(A) The statement: ``Estimated Annual Fuel Cost:'' followed by
the appropriate value calculated in accordance with paragraph (g) or (h)
of this section.
(B) At the manufacturers option, it may include the fuel cost and
the annual mileage interval used to determine the annual fuel cost.
(v) For the 1986 model year only, the statement: ``Under EPA's
previous fuel economy program, used prior to the 1985 model, year this
[vehicle/truck] would have received a single estimate of [insert
unadjusted city value, rounded to the nearest whole mpg, as determined
in Sec. 600.207(b)] mpg.''
(vi)(A) The Gas Guzzler statement, when applicable (see paragraph
(f) of this section), must be centered on a separate line between the
bottom border and the Estimated Annual Fuel Cost statements. The words
``Gas Guzzler'' shall be highlighted.
(B) The type size shall be at least as large as the largest type
size in the bottom 50 percent of the label.
(4) The maximum type size for the statements located in the lower 50
percent of the label shall not exceed 10 points in size.
(b)(1) The city mpg number shall be displayed on the left and the
highway mpg number displayed on the right.
(2)(i) Except for the digit ``one,'' each mpg digit shall measure at
least 0.35 inches by 0.6 inches (9 x 15 mm) in width and height
respectively.
(ii) The digit ``one,'' shall measure at least 0.2 inches by 0.6
inches (5 x 15 mm) in width and height respectively.
(3) The strike width of each mpg digit shall be at least 0.075
inches (1.9 mm).
(4)(i) MPG digits not printed as a single character shall be made of
a matrix of smaller characters. This matrix shall be at least four
characters wide
[[Page 726]]
by five characters high (with the exception of three characters wide for
the numerical character denoting ``one''.)
(ii) The small characters shall be made of successive overstrikes to
form a reasonably dark and continuous line that approximates a single
large character.
(5)(i) If manufacturer chooses to enlarge the label from that
depicted in Appendix VIII the logo and the fuel economy label values,
including the titles ``CITY MPG'' and ``HIGHWAY MPG'', must be increased
in the same proportion.
(ii) The area bounded by the bottom of the fuel pump logo to the top
of the border must continue to represent at least 50 percent of the
available label area.
(c) The vehicle description on general labels will be as follows:
(1) Model year;
(2) Vehicle car line;
(3) Engine displacement, in cubic inches, cubic centi-meters, or
liters whichever is consistent with the customary description of that
engine;
(4) Number of engine cylinders or rotors;
(5) Additional engine description, if necessary to distinguish
otherwise identical model types, as approved by the Administrator;
(6) Fuel metering system, including number of carburetor barrels, if
applicable;
(7) Transmission class;
(8) Catalyst usage, if necessary to distinguish otherwise identical
model types; and
(9) California emission control system usage, if applicable and if
the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the
State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in
fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states.
(d) The vehicle description on specific labels will be as follows:
(1) The descriptions of paragraph (c) of this section;
(2) Interia weight class;
(3) Axle ratio; and
(4) Other engine or vehicle parameters, if approved by the
Administrator.
(e) Where the fuel economy label is incorporated with the pricing
information sticker, the applicable vehicle description, as set forth in
paragraph (c) or (d) of this section, does not have to be repeated if
the information is readily found on the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act label.
(f)(1) For fuel economy labels of passenger automobile model types
requiring a tax statement under Sec. 600.513, the phrase ``* * * Gas
Guzzler Tax: $------ * * * ''.
(2) The tax value required by this paragraph shall be based on the
combined fuel economy value for the model type calculated in accordance
with Sec. 600.207 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. Adjustments in
accordance with Sec. 600.209 will not be used to determine the tax
liability.
(g) General labels. The annual fuel cost estimate for operating an
automobile included in a model type shall be computed by using values
for the fuel cost per gallon and average annual mileage, predetermined
by the Administrator, and the fuel economy determined in
Sec. 600.209(d).
(1) The annual fuel cost estimate for a model type is computed by
multiplying:
(i) Fuel cost per gallon expressed in dollars to the nearest 0.05
dollar, by
(ii) Average annual mileage, expressed in miles per year to the
nearest, 1,000 miles per year, by
(iii) The average, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 gallons per mile of
the fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.209(d) for a model type.
(2) The product computed in (g)(1) and rounded to the nearest dollar
per year will comprise the annual fuel cost estimate that appears on
general labels for the model type.
(h) Specific labels. The annual fuel cost estimate for operating an
automobile included in a vehicle configuration will be computed by using
values for the fuel cost per gallon and average annual mileage and the
fuel economy determined in paragraph (h)(1)(iii) of this section.
(1) The annual fuel cost estimate for vehicle configuration is
computed by multiplying:
(i) Fuel cost per gallon expressed in dollars to the nearest 0.05
dollar, by
[[Page 727]]
(ii) Average annual mileage, expressed in miles per year to the
nearest 1,000 miles per year, by
(iii) The inverse, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 gallons per mile,
of the fuel economy value determined in Sec. 600.206(a)(2)(iii) for a
vehicle configuration (city and highway values will be adjusted by the
factors in Sec. 600.209 (a) and (b) and combined according to
Sec. 600.209(d) before the calculation).
(2) The product computed in (h)(1) of this section and rounded to
the nearest dollar per year will comprise the annual fuel cost estimate
that appears on specific labels for that vehicle configuration.
[49 FR 13851, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48150, Dec. 10, 1984; 50
FR 10708, Mar. 15, 1985]
Sec. 600.307-95 Fuel economy label format requirements.
(a)(1) Fuel economy labels must be:
(i) Rectangular in shape with a minimum height of 4.5 inches (114
mm) and a minimum length of 7.0 inches (178 mm) as depicted in appendix
VIII of this part.
(ii) Printed in a color which contrasts with the paper color.
(iii) The label shall have a contrasting border at least 0.25 inches
(6.4 mm) wide.
(2) The top 50 percent of the total fuel economy label area shall
contain only the following information and in the same format depicted
in the label format in appendix VIII of this part:
(i) The titles ``CITY MPG'' and ``HIGHWAY MPG'', centered over the
applicable fuel economy estimates, in bold caps 10 points in size.
(ii)(A) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and
natural gas-fueled automobiles, the city and highway fuel economy
estimates calculated in accordance with Sec. 600.209 (a) and (b).
(B) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the city and highway fuel economy estimates for operation
on gasoline or diesel fuel as calculated in Sec. 600.209 (a)(1)(ii)(A)
or (2)(ii)(A) and Sec. 600.209 (b)(1)(ii)(A) or (2)(ii)(A).
(iii) The fuel pump logo.
(iv) The phrase ``Compare this [vehicle/truck] to others in the FREE
FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE available at the dealer,'' shall be ``dropped-out''
of the top border as depicted in the sample label format in appendix
VIII of this part. The phase shall be in lower case in a medium
condensed type except for the words ``FREE FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE'' which
shall be capitalized in a bold condensed type and no smaller than 12
points in size.
(v)(A) For alcohol-fueled automobiles, the title ``(insert
appropriate fuel (example ``METHANOL ``(M85))'')''. The title shall be
positioned above the fuel pump logo and shall be in upper case in a bold
condensed type and no smaller than 12 points in size.
(B) For natural gas-fueled automobiles, the title ``NATURAL GAS*''.
The title shall be positioned above the fuel pump logo and shall be in
uppercase in a bold condensed type and no smaller than 12 points in
size.
(C) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the title ``DUAL FUEL*''. The title shall be positioned
above the fuel pump logo and shall be in upper case in a bold condensed
type and no smaller than 12 points in size.
(vi)(A) For alcohol-fueled automobiles, the title ``(insert
appropriate fuel (example ``M85''))'' centered above the title ``CITY
MPG'' and above the title ``HIGHWAY MPG'' in bold caps 10 points in
size.
(B) For natural gas-fueled automobile, the title ``GASOLINE
EQUIVALENT'' centered above the title ``CITY MPG'' and above the title
``HIGHWAY MPG'' in bold caps 10 points in size.
(C) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the title ``GASOLINE'' centered above the title ``CITY
MPG'' and above the title ``HIGHWAY MPG'' in bold caps 10 points in
size.
(3) The bottom 50 percent of the label shall contain the following
information:
(i) The [vehicle/truck] description, as described in paragraph (c)
or (d) of this section, when applicable.
(ii)(A) A statement: ``Actual mileage will vary with options,
driving conditions, driving habits and [vehicle's/truck's] condition.
Results reported to EPA indicate that the majority of [vehicles/trucks]
with these estimates will
[[Page 728]]
achieve between ______ and ______ mpg in the city, and between ______
and ______ mpg on the highway.''
(B) The range values for this statement are to be calculated in
accordance with the following:
(1) The lower range values shall be determined by multiplying the
city and highway estimates by 0.85, then rounding to the next lower
integer value.
(2) The upper range values shall be determined by multiplying the
city and highway estimates by 1.15 and rounding to the next higher
integer value.
(iii)(A) A statement: ``For comparison shopping, all [vehicles/
trucks] classified as [insert category as determined in Sec. 600.315]
have been issued mileage ratings ranging from ______ to ______ mpg city
and ______ to ______ mpg highway.'' (The range values are those
determined in accordance with Sec. 600.311.); or, when applicable,
(B) A statement: ``A range of fuel economy values for other
[vehicles/trucks] classified as [insert category as determined in
Sec. 600.315] is not available at this time.'' or by the statement:
``Not available.''
(iv)(A) The statement: ``Estimated Annual Fuel Cost:'' followed by
the appropriate value calculated in accordance with paragraph (g) or (h)
of this section. The estimated annual fuel cost value for alcohol dual
fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel vehicles to appear on the
fuel economy label shall be that calculated based on operating the
vehicle on gasoline or diesel fuel as determined in Sec. 600.307(g) and
(h). At the manufacturers option, the label may also contain the
estimated annual fuel cost value based on operating the vehicle on the
alternative fuel.
(B) At the manufacturers option, it may include the fuel cost and
the annual mileage interval used to determine the annual fuel cost.
(v) For the 1986 model year only, the statement: ``Under EPA's
previous fuel economy program, used prior to the 1985 model year, this
[vehicle/truck] would have received a single estimate of [insert
unadjusted city value rounded to the nearest whole mpg, as determined in
Sec. 600.207(b)] mpg.''
(vi)(A) The Gas Guzzler statement, when applicable (see paragraph
(f) of this section), must be centered on a separate line between the
bottom border and the Estimated Annual Fuel Cost statements. The words
``Gas Guzzler'' shall be highlighted.
(B) The type size shall be at least as large as the largest type
size in the bottom 50 percent of the label.
(vii)(A) For alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, the
statement: ``*This vehicle operates on [insert appropriate fuel(s)]
only.'' shall appear above the bottom border. The phrase shall be in
lower case in a medium condensed type except for the fuels listed which
shall be capitalized in a bold condensed type no smaller than 12 points
in size.
(B) For natural gas-fueled automobiles, the statements: ``All fuel
economy values on this label pertain to gasoline equivalent fuel
economy. To convert these values into units of miles per 100 cubic feet
of natural gas, multiply by 0.823.'' At the manufacturers option, the
statement ``To convert these values into units of miles per 100 cubic
feet of natural gas, multiply by 0.823.'' may be replaced by the
statement ``The fuel economy in units of miles per (insert units used in
retail) is estimated to be (insert city fuel economy value) in the city,
and (insert highway fuel economy value) on the highway.
(C) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the statement: ``This vehicle operates on [insert gasoline
or diesel as appropriate] and [insert other fuel(s) as appropriate].''
shall appear above the bottom border. The phrase shall be in lower case
in a medium condensed type except for the words ``gasoline'' or
``diesel'' (as appropriate) and the other fuels listed, which shall be
capitalized in a bold condensed type no smaller than 12 points in size.
(viii) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the statement: ``All fuel economy values on this label
pertain to [insert gasoline or diesel as appropriate] fuel usage.
[insert other fuel(s) as appropriate] fuel(s) usage will yield different
values. See the FREE FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE for information on [insert other
fuel(s)] .'' At the manufacturers option, the above statements may be
replaced by the statement ``The
[[Page 729]]
fuel economy while using [insert appropriate fuel (example ``M85)] is
estimated to be [insert city fuel economy value and appropriate units]
in the city and [insert highway fuel economy value and appropriate
units] on the highway. See the FREE FUEL ECONOMY GUIDE for other
information on [insert appropriate fuel].
(4) The maximum type size for the statements located in the lower 50
percent of the label shall not exceed 10 points in size, except as
provided for in paragraphs (a)(3)(vii)(A) and (B) of this section.
(b)(1) The city mpg number shall be displayed on the left and the
highway mpg number displayed on the right.
(2)(i) Except for the digit ``one,'' each mpg digit shall measure at
least 0.35 inches by 0.6 inches (9x15mm) in width and height
respectively.
(ii) The digit ``one,'' shall measure at least 0.2 inches by 0.6
inches (5x15mm) in width and height respectively.
(3) The strike width of each mpg digit shall be at least 0.075
inches (1.9mm).
(4)(i) MPG digits not printed as a single character shall be made of
a matrix of smaller characters. This matrix shall be at least four
characters wide by five characters high (with the exception of three
characters wide for the numerical character denoting ``one''.)
(ii) The small characters shall be made of successive overstrikes to
form a reasonably dark and continuous line that approximates a single
large character.
(5)(i) If manufacturer chooses to enlarge the label from that
depicted in Appendix VIII of this part, the logo and the fuel economy
label values, including the titles ``CITY MPG'' and ``HIGHWAY MPG,''
must be increased in the same proportion.
(ii) The area bounded by the bottom of the fuel pump logo to the top
of the border must continue to represent at least 50 percent of the
available label area.
(c) The vehicle description on general labels will be as follows:
(1) Model year;
(2) Vehicle car line;
(3) Engine displacement, in cubic inches, cubic centimeters, or
liters whichever is consistent with the customary description of that
engine;
(4) Number of engine cylinders or rotors;
(5) Additional engine description, if necessary to distinguish
otherwise identical model types, as approved by the Administrator;
(6) Fuel metering system, including number of carburetor barrels, if
applicable;
(7) Transmission class;
(8) Catalyst usage, if necessary to distinguish otherwise identical
model types; and
(9) California emission control system usage, if applicable and if
the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the
State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in
fuel economy from those intended for sale in other states.
(d) The vehicle description on specific labels will be as follows:
(1) The descriptions of paragraph (c) of this section;
(2) Inertia weight class;
(3) Axle ratio; and
(4) Other engine or vehicle parameters, if approved by the
Administrator.
(e) Where the fuel economy label is incorporated with the pricing
information sticker, the applicable vehicle description, as set forth in
paragraph (c) or (d) of this section, does not have to be repeated if
the information is readily found on the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act label.
(f)(1) For fuel economy labels of passenger automobile model types
requiring a tax statement under Sec. 600.513, the phrase ``* * * Gas
Guzzler Tax: $____________ * * *''.
(2) The tax value required by this paragraph shall be based on the
combined fuel economy value for the model type calculated in accordance
with Sec. 600.207 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. Adjustments in
accordance with Sec. 600.209 will not be used to determine the tax
liability.
(g) General labels. The annual fuel cost estimate for operating an
automobile included in a model type shall be computed by using values
for the fuel cost per volume (gallon for liquid fuels, cubic foot for
gaseous fuels) and average annual mileage, predetermined
[[Page 730]]
by the Administrator, and the fuel economy determined in
Sec. 600.209(d).
(1) The annual fuel cost estimate for a model type is computed by
multiplying:
(i) Fuel cost per gallon (natural gas must be expressed in units of
cost per equivalent gallon, where 100 SCF = 0.823 equivalent gallons)
expressed in dollars to the nearest 0.05 dollar; by
(ii) Average annual mileage, expressed in miles per year to the
nearest 1,000 miles per year; by
(iii) The average, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 gallons per mile
(natural gas must be expressed in units of gallons equivalent per mile
where 100 SCF=0.823 equivalent gallons) of the fuel economy value
determined in Sec. 600.209(d) for a model type.
(2) The product computed in paragraph (g)(1) of this section and
rounded to the nearest dollar per year will comprise the annual fuel
cost estimate that appears on general labels for the model type.
(h) Specific labels. The annual fuel cost estimate for operating an
automobile included in a vehicle configuration will be computed by using
the values for the fuel cost per volume (gallon for liquid fuels, cubic
feet for gaseous fuels) and average mileage and the fuel economy
determined in paragraph (h)(1)(iii) of this section.
(1) The annual fuel cost estimate for vehicle configuration is
computed by multiplying:
(i) Fuel cost per gallon (natural gas must be expressed in units of
cost per equivalent gallon, where 100 SCF=0.823 equivalent gallons)
expressed in dollars to the nearest 0.05 dollar; by
(ii) Average annual mileage, expressed in miles per year to the
nearest 1,000 miles per year; by
(iii) The inverse, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 gallons per mile
(natural gas must be expressed in units of gallon equivalent per mile,
where 100 SCF=0.823 equivalent gallons) of the fuel economy value
determined in Sec. 600.206(a)(2)(iii) for a vehicle configuration (city
and highway values will be adjusted by the factors in Sec. 600.209(a)
and (b) and combined according to Sec. 600.209(d) before the
calculation).
(2) The product computed in paragraph (h)(1) of this section and
rounded to the nearest dollar per year will comprise the annual fuel
cost estimate that appears on specific labels for that vehicle
configuration.
[59 FR 39657, Aug. 3, 1994]
Effective Date Note: At 59 FR 39657, Aug. 3, 1994, Sec. 600.307-95
was added. This section contains information collection and
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 600.310-86 Labeling of high altitude vehicles.
(a) The Administrator may approve, at the request of the
manufacturer, specific labels for high altitude vehicles according to
Sec. 600.306.
(b) A high altitude vehicle may be labeled with a general or
specific label by a manufacturer without regard to the type of label
(general or specific) used at low altitude for that model type or
vehicle configuration.
[49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.311-86 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.
(a) The Administrator will determine the range of city and the range
of highway fuel economy values for each class of comparable automobiles.
(b) The range of city fuel economy values within a class is the
maximum city and the minimum city fuel economy value for all general
labels as determined in Sec. 600.307(b)(3) regardless of manufacturer.
The range of highway values is determined in the same manner.
(c) The initial range will be made available on a date specified by
the Administrator that closely coincides to the date of the general
model introduction for the industry.
(d) The ranges of comparable fuel economy values for a class of
automobiles will be updated periodically and will be derived from the
latest available label values reported to the Administrator for that
class of automobiles.
(e) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel
economy from those intended for sale in other states, he will compute
separate ranges of fuel
[[Page 731]]
economy values for each class of automobiles for California and for the
other states.
(f) For high altitude vehicles determined under Sec. 600.310, both
general and specific labels will contain the range of comparable fuel
economy computed in this section.
(g) The manufacturer shall include the appropriate range of fuel
economy determined by the Administrator in paragraph (c) or (d) of this
section, on each label affixed to an automobile within the class, except
as provided in Sec. 600.306(b)(1).
[49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 28150, Dec. 10, 1984]
Sec. 600.312-86 Labeling, reporting, and recordkeeping; Administrator reviews.
(a)(1) The manufacturer shall determine label values (general and
specific) using the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this
part and submit the label values, and the data sufficient to calculate
the label values, to the Administrator according to the timetable
specified in Sec. 600.313.
(2) Except under paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the manufacturer
is not required to obtain Administrator approval of label values prior
to the introduction of vehicles for sale.
(3) The label values that the manufacturer calculates and submits
under paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall constitute the EPA fuel
economy estimates unless the Administrator determines that they are not
calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and D of
this part.
(4) If required by the Administrator, the manufacturer shall obtain
Administrator approval of label values prior to affixing labels to
vehicles.
(5)(i) If at any time during the model year, any label values are
determined not to be calculated according to the procedures specified in
subparts C and D of this part, the Administrator shall notify the
manufacturer in writing.
(ii) If the Administrator has sufficient information to enable
calculation of the correct label values, this notification shall specify
the correct label values which constitute the EPA Fuel Economy
Estimates.
(iii) If additional information is required, the Administrator shall
request such additional information and a recalculation of the label
value by the manufacturer.
(6) If the Administrator determines revised label values under
paragraph (a)(5) of this section are lower than the label values
calculated by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall affix the revised
labels to all affected new vehicles which are unsold beginning no later
than 15 calendar days after the date of notification by the
Administrator.
(b)(1) The manufacturer is responsible for affixing vehicle labels
that meet the format and content requirements of this subpart.
(2) The manufacturer shall retain for examination, at the
Administrator's discretion, typical label formats representing all
information required on the manufacturer's fuel economy labels. The
information shall include the text of all required and voluntary
information as well as the size and color of print and paper, spacing,
and location of all printed information. Where the fuel economy label is
incorporated with the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label, the
above requirements pertain to those sections of the label concerning
fuel economy labeling information.
(3) If the Administrator determines upon examination of record that
the label format or content do not meet the requirements of this
subpart, the Administrator may:
(i) Require the manufacturer to make specific changes in subsequent
labels, and
(ii) Require such changes to be implemented on a reasonable
timetable, but no sooner than 15 days from the date of notification to
the manufacturer.
[49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.313-86 Timetable for data and information submittal and review.
(a) A manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator fuel economy
label values and sufficient information to determine fuel economy label
values within the following time constraints (except for manufacturers
designated under Sec. 600.312(a)(4) who shall submit the information no
later than thirty
[[Page 732]]
calendar days prior to the date the model type [vehicle] is initially
offered for sale.
(1) For initial general label values, no later than five working
days before the date that the model type is initially offered for sale;
(2) For specific label values, no later than five working days
before any vehicles are offered for sale.
(3) For model types having label values updated because of running
changes (as required under Sec. 600.314(b)), the submission must be made
at least five working days before the date of implementation of the
running change.
(b) A manufacturer may not proceed with any label calculation until
the data from each vehicle used in such calculation satisfies the
requirements of Sec. 600.008.
(c) If the Administrator has waived any testing in paragraph (b) of
this section and subsequently finds that the decision to waive testing
was based on an incorrect data submission or that a fuel economy offset
exists (based on subsequent testing of that manufacturer's product
line), the Administrator may require confirmation of the data generated
by any such waived vehicle.
[49 FR 13853, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.314-86 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles.
(a) The label values established in Sec. 600.312 shall remain in
effect for the model year unless updated in accordance with paragraph
(b) of this section.
(b)(1) The manufacturer shall recalculate the model type fuel
economy values for any model type containing base levels affected by
running changes specified in Sec. 600.507(a).
(2) For separate model types created in Sec. 600.207(a)(2), the
manufacturer shall recalculate the model type values for any additions
or deletions of subconfigurations to the model type. Minimum data
requirements specified in Sec. 600.010(c)(1)(ii) shall be met prior to
recalculation.
(3) Label value recalculations shall be performed as follows:
(i) The manufacturer shall use updated total model year projected
sales for label value recalculations.
(ii) All model year data approved by the Administrator at the time
of the recalculation for that model type shall be included in the
recalculation.
(iii) Using the additional data under paragraph (b) of this section,
the manufacturer shall calculate new model type city and highway values
in accordance with Secs. 600.207 and 600.209 except that the values
shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
(iv) The existing label values, calculated in accordance with
Secs. 600.207 and 600.209, shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg.
(4)(i) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in
paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the respective city
or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or
more, the manufacturer shall affix labels with the recalculated model
type values (rounded to whole mpg's) to all new vehicles of that model
type beginning on the day of implementation of the running change.
(ii) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in
paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is higher than the respective city
or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or
more, then the manufacturer has the option to use the recalculated
values for labeling the entire model type beginning on the day of
implementation of the running change.
(c) For fuel economy labels updated using recalculated fuel economy
values determined in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, the
manufacturer shall concurrently update all other label information
(e.g., the annual fuel cost, range of comparable vehicles and the
applicability of the Gas Guzzler Tax if required by Department of
Treasury regulations).
(d) The Administrator shall periodically update the range of fuel
economies of comparable automobiles based upon all label data supplied
to the Administrator.
[49 FR 13853, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.315-82 Classes of comparable automobiles.
(a) The Secretary will classify automobiles as passenger automobiles
or
[[Page 733]]
light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) in accordance with 49 CFR part
523.
(1) The Administrator will classify passenger automobiles by car
line into one of the following classes based on interior volume index or
seating capacity except for those passenger automobiles which the
Administrator determines are most appropriately classed as special
purpose vehicles as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section:
(i) Two seaters. A car line shall be classed as ``Two Seater'' if
the majority of the vehicles in that car line have no more than two
designated seating positions as such term is defined in the regulations
of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Department of
Transportation (DOT), 49 CFR 571.3.
(ii) Minicompact cars. Interior volume index less than 85 cubic
feet.
(iii) Subcompact cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal
to 85 cubic feet but less than 100 cubic feet.
(iv) Compact cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to
100 cubic feet but less than 110 cubic feet.
(v) Midsize cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 110
cubic feet but less than 120 cubic feet.
(vi) Large cars. Interior volume index greater than or equal to 120
cubic feet.
(vii) Small station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume
index less than 130 cubic feet.
(viii) Midsize station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume
index greater than or equal to 130 cubic feet but less than 160 cubic
feet.
(ix) Large station wagons. Station wagons with interior volume index
greater than or equal to 160 cubic feet.
(2) The Administrator will classify nonpassenger automobiles into
the following categories: small pickup trucks, standard pickup trucks,
vans, and special purpose vehicles. Pickup trucks will be separated by
car line on the basis of gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). For pickup
truck car lines with more than one GVWR, the GVWR of the pickup truck
car line is the arithmetic average of all distinct GVWR's less than or
equal to 8,500 pounds available for that car line.
(i) Small pickup trucks. Pickup trucks with a GVWR less than 4,500
pounds.
(ii) Standard pickup trucks. Pickup trucks with a GVWR of 4,500
pounds up to and including 8,500 pounds.
(iii) Vans.
(3) All automobiles with GVWR less than or equal to 8,500 pounds
which possess special features and which the Administrator determines
are more appropriately classified separately from typical automobiles or
which do not meet the requirements of paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this
section will be classified as special purpose vehicles.
(4) Once a certain car line is classified by the Administrator, the
classification will remain in effect for the model year.
(b) Interior volume index-passenger automobiles. (1) The interior
volume index shall be calculated for each car line which is not a ``two
seater'' car line, in cubic feet rounded to the nearest 0.1 cubic foot.
For car lines with more than one body style, the interior volume index
for the car line is the arithmetic average of the interior volume
indexes of each body style in the car line.
(2) For all body styles except station wagons and hatchbacks with
more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with
seatbelts as required by DOT safety regulations, interior volume index
is the sum, rounded to the nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the front seat
volume, the rear seat volume, if applicable, and the luggage capacity.
(3) For all station wagons and hatchbacks with more than one seat
(e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seatbelts as required
by DOT safety regulations, interior volume index is the sum, rounded to
the nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the front seat volume, the rear seat
volume, and the cargo volume index.
(c) All interior and cargo dimensions are measured in inches to the
nearest 0.1 inch. All dimensions and volumes shall be determined from
the base vehicles of each body style in each car line, and do not
include optional equipment. The dimensions H61, W3, W5, L34, H63, W4,
W6, L51, H201, L205, L210, L211,
[[Page 734]]
H198, and volume V1 are to be determined in accordance with the
procedures outlined in Motor Vehicle Dimensions SAE J1100a (Report of
Human Factors Engineering Committee, Society of Automotive Engineers,
approved September 1973 and last revised September 1975) except as noted
herein:
(1) SAE J1100a(2.3). Cargo dimensions. All dimensions measured with
the front seat positioned the same as for the interior dimensions and
the second seat, for the station wagons and hatchbacks, in the upright
position. All head restraints shall be in the stowed position and
considered part of the seat.
(2) SAE J1100a(8)--Luggage capacity. Total of columns of individual
pieces of standard luggage set plus H boxes stowed in the luggage
compartment in accordance with the procedure described in 8.2. For
passenger automobiles with no rear seat or with two rear seats with no
rear seatbelts, the luggage compartment shall include the area to the
rear of the front seat, with the rear seat (if applicable) folded, to
the height of a horizontal plane tangent to the top of the front
seatback.
(3) SAE J1100a(7)--Cargo dimensions. (i) L210--Cargo length at
second seatback height-hatchback. The minimum horizontal dimension from
the ``X'' plane tangent to the rearmost surface of the second seatback
to the inside limiting interference of the hatchback door on the zero
``Y'' plane.
(ii) L211--Cargo length at floor-second-hatchback. The minimum
horizontal dimensions at floor level from the rear of the second
seatback to the normal limiting interference of the hatchback door on
the vehicle zero ``Y'' plane.
(iii) H198--Second seatback to load floor height. The dimension
measured vertically from the horizontal tangent to the top of the second
seatback to the undepressed floor covering.
(d) The front seat volume is calculated in cubic feet by dividing
1,728 into the product of three terms listed below and rounding the
quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic feet:
(1) H61--Effective head room-front. (In inches, obtained according
to paragraph (c) of this section),
(2)(i) (W3+W5+5)/2--Average of shoulder and hip room-front, if hip
room is more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 and
W5 are obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), or
(ii) W3--Shoulder room-front, if hip room is not more than 5 inches
less than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 is obtained according to
paragraph (c) of this section), and
(3) L34--Maximum effective leg room-accelerator. (In inches,
obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section.) Round the quotient
to the nearest 0.001 cubic feet.
(e) The rear seat volume is calculated in cubic feet, for vehicles
within a rear seat equipped with rear seat belts (as required by DOT),
by dividing 1,728 into the product of three terms listed below and
rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic feet:
(1) H63--Effective head room-second. (Inches obtained according to
paragraph (c) of this section),
(2)(i) (W4+W6+5)/2--Average of shoulder and hip room-second, if hip
room is more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W4 and
W6 are obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), or
(ii) W4--Shoulder room-second, if hip room is not more than 5 inches
less than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 is obtained according to
paragraph (c) of this section), and
(3) L51--Minimum effective leg room-second. (In inches obtained
according to paragraph (c) of this section.)
(f) The luggage capacity is V1, the usable luggage capacity obtained
according to paragraph (c) of this section. For passenger automobiles
with no rear seat or with a rear seat but no rear seat belts, the area
to the rear of the front seat shall be included in the determination of
V1, usable luggage capacity, as outlined in paragraph (c) of this
section.
(g) Cargo volume index. (1) For station wagons the cargo volume
index V2 is calculated, in cubic feet, by dividing 1,728 into the
product of three terms and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.001
cubic feet:
(i) W4--Shoulder room-second. (In inches obtained according to
paragraph (c) of this section.)
[[Page 735]]
(ii) H201--Cargo height. (In inches obtained according to paragraph
(c) of this section.)
(iii) L205--Cargo length at belt-second. (In inches obtained
according to paragraph (c) of this section.)
(2) For hatchbacks, the cargo volume index V3 is calculated, in
cubic feet, by dividing 1,728 into the product of three terms:
(i) Average cargo length, which is the arithmetic average of:
(A) L210--Cargo length at second seatback height-hatchback. (In
inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section);
(B) L211--Cargo length at floor-second-hatchback. (In inches
obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section);
(ii) W4--Shoulder room-second. (In inches obtained according to
paragraph (c) of this section);
(iii) H198--Second seatback to load floor height. (In inches
obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section.) Round the quotient
to the nearest 0.001 cubic foot.
(h) The following data must be submitted to the Administrator no
later than the time of a general label request. Data shall be included
for each body style in the car line covered by that general label.
(1) For all passenger automobiles:
(i) Dimensions H61, W3, L34 determined in accordance with paragraph
(c) of this section.
(ii) Front seat volume determined in accordance with paragraph (d)
of this section.
(iii) Dimensions H63, W4, L51 (if applicable) determined in
accordance with paragraph (c) of this section.
(iv) Rear seat volume (if applicable) determined in accordance with
paragraph (e) of this section.
(v) The interior volume index determined in accordance with
paragraph (b) of this section for:
(A) Each body style, and
(B) The car line.
(vi) The class of the car line as determined in paragraph (a) of
this section.
(2) For all passenger automobiles except station wagons and
hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat)
equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety regulations:
(i) The quantity and letter designation of the pieces of the
standard luggage set installed in the vehicle in the determination of
usable luggage capacity V1, and
(ii) The usable luggage capacity V1, determined in accordance with
paragraph (f) of this section.
(3) For station wagons with more than one seat (e.g., with a second
or third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety
regulations:
(i) The dimensions H201 and L205 determined in accordance with
paragraph (c) of this section, and
(ii) The cargo volume index V2 determined in accordance with
paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
(4) For hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or
third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety
regulations:
(i) The dimensions L210, L211, and H198 determined in accordance
with paragraph (c) of this section.
(ii) The cargo volume index V3 determined in accordance with
paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
(5) For pickup trucks:
(i) All GVWR's of less than or equal to 8,500 pounds available in
the car line.
(ii) The arithmetic average GVWR for the car line.
[47 FR 49814, Nov. 2, 1982]
Sec. 600.316-78 Multistage manufacture.
Where more than one person is the manufacturer of a vehicle, the
final stage vehicle manufacturer (as defined in 49 CFR 549.3) is treated
as the manufacturer for purposes of compliance with this subpart.
[42 FR 45672, Sept. 12, 1977]
Subpart E--Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year
Automobiles--Dealer Availability of Fuel Economy Information
Source: 41 FR 49764, Nov. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 600.401-77 General applicability.
The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1977 and later
model year automobiles.
[[Page 736]]
Sec. 600.402-77 Definitions.
The definitions in Sec. 600.002 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.403-77 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations in Sec. 600.003 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.404-77 Section numbering, construction.
The section numbering procedure specified in Sec. 600.004 applies to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.405-77 Dealer requirements.
(a) Each dealer shall prominently display at each location where new
automobiles are offered for sale booklets containing the information
specified in Sec. 600.407. The dealer shall provide these booklets
without charge and in sufficient quantity to be available for retention
by each prospective purchaser upon his request. The dealer will be
expected to make these booklets available as soon as they are received
by the dealer, but in no case later than 15 working days after
notification is given of booklet availability.
(b) The dealer shall display these booklets in the same manner and
in each location used to display brochures describing the automobiles
offered for sale by the dealer. The display shall include information
that similar booklets containing the EPA fuel economy information are
also available through the mail by writing to Fuel Economy, Pueblo,
Colorado 81009.
(c) The dealer shall display the booklet applicable to each model
year automobile offered for sale at the location. If, as described in
Sec. 600.406, a regional edition of the booklet is prepared for
California automobiles:
(1) Each dealer who offers automobiles for sale at a location within
the State of California shall display the California regional edition of
the booklet.
(2) Each dealer who offers automobiles for sale at locations outside
the State of California, and expects that at least 50 percent of the
automobiles eventually sold at the location during the model year will
be California configurations, shall display the California regional
edition of the booklet. These dealers may also display the national
edition of the booklet provided both editions are displayed with equal
prominence.
Sec. 600.406-77 [Reserved]
Sec. 600.407-77 Booklets displayed by dealers.
(a) Booklets displayed by dealers in order to fulfill the
obligations of Sec. 600.405 may be either the Gas Mileage Guide
published by the FEA Administrator or a booklet approved by the
Administrator of EPA containing the same information, format, and order
as the booklet published by the FEA Administrator.
(b) The booklet may highlight the dealer's product line by
contrasting color of ink or boldface type and may include other
supplemental information regarding the dealer's product line subject to
approval by the Administrator.
(c) A manufacturer's name and logo or a dealer's name and address or
both may appear on the back cover of the booklet.
Subpart F--Fuel Economy Regulations for Model Year 1978 Passenger
Automobiles and for 1979 and Later Model Year Automobiles (Light Trucks
and Passenger Automobiles)--Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's
Average Fuel Economy
Authority: Sec. 301, Pub. L. 94-163, 89 Stat. 901 (15 U.S.C. 2001,
2003, 2005, 2006).
Source: 42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, unless otherwise noted.
Sec. 600.501-85 General applicability.
(a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the
provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1985 and later model year
gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
[[Page 737]]
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
(c) Subject to prior approval by the Administrator, manufacturers
may optionally implement, for 1985 model year vehicles, provisions of
this subpart that are applicable to 1986 and later model year vehicles.
[49 FR 13847, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.501-86 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later
model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[49 FR 13853, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.501-93 General applicability.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later
model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-
fueled, alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles.
(b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt
from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the
requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric
vehicles.
(2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric
vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel
powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply
with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart.
[59 FR 39659, Aug. 3, 1994]
Sec. 600.502-81 Definitions.
(a) The following definitions apply beginning with the 1979 model
year. The definitions in Sec. 600.502-78 remain effective except that
provision (a)(2)(ii) is hereby superseded. The definitions in
Sec. 600.002 also apply to this subpart.
(1) ``Declared value'' of imported components shall be:
(i) The value at which components are declared by the importer to
the U.S. Customs Service at the date of entry into the customs territory
of the United States, or
(ii) With respect to imports into Canada, the declared value of such
components as if they were declared as imports into the United States at
the date of entry into Canada, or
(iii) With respect to imports into Mexico (when Sec. 600.511-
80(b)(3) applies), the declared value of such components as if they were
declared as imports into the United States at the date of entry into
Mexico.
(2) Cost of production of a car line shall mean the aggregate of the
products of:
(i) The average U.S. dealer wholesale price for such car line as
computed from each official dealer price list effective during the
course of a model year, and
(ii) The number of automobiles within the car line produced during
the part of the model year that the price list was in effect.
(3) Equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value means a number
which represents the average number of miles traveled by an electric
vehicle per gallon of gasoline.
[45 FR 49262, July 24, 1980, as amended at 59 FR 678, Jan. 6, 1994; 59
FR 33914, July 1, 1994]
Sec. 600.503-78 Abbreviations.
The abbreviations in Sec. 600.003 apply to this subpart.
Sec. 600.504-78 Section numbering, construction.
The section numbering procedure set forth in Sec. 600.004 applies to
this subpart.
Sec. 600.505-78 Recordkeeping.
The recordkeeping procedure set forth in Sec. 600.005 applies to
this subpart.
[[Page 738]]
Sec. 600.507-86 Running change data requirements.
(a) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the
manufacturer shall submit additional running change fuel economy data as
specified in paragraph (b) of this section for any running change
approved or implemented under Sec. 86.079-32, Sec. 86.079-33, or
Sec. 86.082-34 which:
(1) Creates a new base level or,
(2) Affects an existing base level by:
(i) Adding an axle ratio which is at least 10 percent larger (or,
optionally, 10 percent smaller) than the largest axle ratio tested.
(ii) Increasing (or, optionally, decreasing) the road-load
horsepower for a subconfiguration by 10 percent or more for the
individual running change or, when considered cumulatively, since
original certification (for each cumulative 10 percent increase using
the originally certified road-load horsepower as a base).
(iii) Adding a new subconfiguration by increasing (or, optionally,
decreasing) the equivalent test weight for any previously tested
subconfiguration in the base level.
(b)(1) The additional running change fuel economy data requirement
in paragraph (a) of this section will be determined based on the sales
of the vehicle configurations in the created or affected base level(s)
as updated at the time of running change approval.
(2) Within each newly created base level as specified in paragraph
(a)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit data from the
highest projected total model year sales subconfiguration within the
highest projected total model year sales configuration in the base
level.
(3) Within each base level affected by a running change as specified
in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, fuel economy data shall be
submitted for the vehicle configuration created or affected by the
running change which has the highest total model year sales. The test
vehicle shall be of the subconfiguration created by the running change
which has the highest projected total model year sales within the
applicable vehicle configuration.
(c) The manufacturer shall submit the fuel economy data required by
this section to the Administrator in accordance with Sec. 600.314(b).
(d) For those model types created under Sec. 600.207(a)(2), the
manufacturer shall submit data for each subconfiguration added by a
running change.
[49 FR 13854, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48150, Dec. 10, 1984]
Sec. 600.509-86 Voluntary submission of additional data.
(a) The manufacturer may, at his option, submit data in addition to
the data required by the Administrator.
(b) Additional fuel economy data may be submitted by the
manufacturer for any vehicle configuration which is to be tested as
required in Sec. 600.507 or for which fuel economy data were previously
submitted under paragraph (c) of this section.
(c) Within a base level, additional fuel economy data may be
submitted by manufacturing for any vehicle configuration which is not
required to be tested by Sec. 600.507.
[49 FR 13854, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.510-86 Calculation of average fuel economy.
(a) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg
for the classes of automobiles identified herein, and the results of
such calculations will be reported to the Secretary of Transportation
for use in determining compliance with the applicable fuel economy
standards.
(1) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of passenger automobiles that is domestically manufactured as
defined in Sec. 600.511(d)(1).
(2) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of passenger automobiles that is not domestically manufactured
as defined in Sec. 600.511(d)(2).
(3) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of light trucks which is defined in Sec. 600.511(e)(1) and has
two-wheel drive.
(4) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of light trucks which is defined in Sec. 600.511(e)(1) and has
four-wheel drive.
(5) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of
[[Page 739]]
light trucks which is defined in Sec. 600.511(e)(2) and has two-wheel
drive.
(6) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of light trucks which is defined in Sec. 600.511(e)(2) and has
four-wheel drive.
(b) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy under
paragraph (c), of this section:
(1) All fuel economy data submitted in accordance with
Sec. 600.006(e) or Sec. 600.512(c) shall be used.
(2) The combined city/highway fuel economy will be calculated for
each model type in accordance with Sec. 600.207 of this section except
that:
(i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for model types
and base levels associated with car lines that are:
(A) Domestically produced, and
(B) Nondomestically produced and imported;
(ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart,
will be used instead of sales projections;
(iii) The fuel economy value of diesel-powered model types will be
multiplied by the factor 1.0 to correct gallons of diesel fuel to
equivalent gallons of gasoline;
(iv) The fuel economy value will be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg;
(v) At the manufacturer's option, those vehicle configurations that
are selfcompensating to altitude changes may be separated by sales into
high-altitude sales categories and low-altitude sales categories. These
separate sales categories may then be treated (only for the purpose of
this section) as separate configurations in accordance with the
procedure of paragraph Sec. 600.207(a)(4)(ii), and
(3) The fuel economy value for each vehicle configuration is the
combined fuel economy calculated according to Sec. 600.206 except that:
(i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for vehicle
configurations associated with car lines that are:
(A) Domestically produced, and
(B) Nondomestically produced and imported:
(ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart
will be used instead of sales projections; and
(iii) The fuel economy value of diesel-powered model types will be
multiplied by the factor 1.0 to convert gallons of diesel fuel to
equivalent gallons of gasoline.
(c) Except as permitted in paragraph (d) of this section, the
average fuel economy will be calculated individually for each category
identified in Sec. 600.510(a) as follows:
(1) Divide the total production volume of that category of
automobiles by
(2) A sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a model type within
that category of automobiles and is a fraction determined by dividing
(i) The number of automobiles of that model type produced by the
manufacturer in the model year by
(ii) The fuel economy calculated for that model type in accordance
with paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
(d) The Administrator may approve alternative calculation methods if
they are part of an approved credit plan under the provisions of section
503(b) of U.S.C. 2003(b).
(e) For passenger categories identified in paragraphs (a) (1) and
(2) of this section, the average fuel economy calculated in accordance
with paragraph (c) of this section shall be adjusted using the following
equation:
AFEadj = AFE[((0.55 x a x c) + (0.45 x c) + (0.5556 x a) + 0.4487)/
((0.55 x a) + 0.45)] + IW
Where:
AFEajd=Adjusted average combined fuel economy, rounded to the
nearest 0.1 mpg.
AFE=Average combined fuel economy as calculated in paragraph (c) of this
section, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
a=Sales-weighted average (rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all
model type highway fuel economy values (rounded to the nearest
0.1 mpg) divided by the sales-weighted average (rounded to the
nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all model type city fuel economy values
(rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg). The quotient shall be
rounded to 4 decimal places. These average fuel economies
shall be determined using the methodology of paragraph (c) of
this section.
c=0.0022 for the 1986 model year.
c=A constant value, fixed by model year. For 1987, the Administrator
will specify the c value after the necessary laboratory
humidity and test fuel data become available. For 1988 and
later model years, the Administrator will specify the c value
after the necessary laboratory humidity and test fuel data
become available.
[[Page 740]]
IW=(9.2917 x 10-3 x SF3 IWC x FE3 IWC)
-(3.5123 x 10-3 x SF4 ETW x FE4 IWC)
Note: Any calculated value of IW less than zero shall be set equal
to zero.
SF3 IWC=The 3000 lb. inertia weight class sales divided by total
sales. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places.
SF4 ETW=The 4000 lb. equivalent test weight category sales divided
by total sales. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal
places.
FE4 IWC=The sales-weighted average combined fuel economy of all
3000 lb. inertia weight class base leves in the compliance
category. Round the result to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
FE4 IWC=The sales-weighted average combined fuel economy of all
4000 lb. inertia weight class base levels in the compliance
category. Round the result to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
(f) The Administration shall calculate and apply additional average
fuel ecomony adjustments if, after notice and opportunity for comment,
the Administrator determines that, as a result of test procedure changes
not previously considered, such correction is necessary to yield fuel
economy test results that are comparable to those obtained under the
1975 test procedures. In making such determinations, the Administrator
must find that:
(1) A directional change in measured fuel economy of an average
vehicle can be predicted from a revision to the test procedures;
(2) The magnitude of the change in measured fuel economy for any
vehicle or fleet of vehicles caused by a revision to the test procedures
is quantifiable from theoretical calculations or best available test
data;
(3) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not due to
eliminating the ability of manufacturers to take advantage of
flexibilities within the existing test procedures to gain measured
improvements in fuel economy which are not the result of actual
improvements in the fuel economy of production vehicles.
(4) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not solely due
to a greater ability of manufacturers to reflect in average fuel economy
those design changes expected to have comparable effect on in-use fuel
economy.
(5) The test procedure change is required by EPA or is a change
initiated by EPA in its laboratory and is not a change implemented
solely by a manufacturer in its own laboratory.
[49 FR 13854, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 27186, July 1, 1985; 51
FR 37851, Oct. 24, 1986]
Sec. 600.510-93 Calculation of average fuel economy.
(a) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg
for the classes of automobiles identified in this section, and the
results of such calculations will be reported to the Secretary of
Transportation for use in determining compliance with the applicable
fuel economy standards.
(1) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of passenger automobiles that is domestically manufactured as
defined in Sec. 600.511(d)(1).
(2) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of passenger automobiles that is not domestically manufactured
as defined in Sec. 600.511(d)(2).
(3) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of light trucks that is domestically manufactured as defined in
Sec. 600.511(e)(1).
(4) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the
category of light trucks that is not domestically manufactured as
defined in Sec. 600.511(e)(2).
(b) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy under
paragraph (c), of this section:
(1) All fuel economy data submitted in accordance with
Sec. 600.006(e) or Sec. 600.502(c) shall be used.
(2) The combined city/highway fuel economy will be calculated for
each model type in accordance with Sec. 600.207 of this section except
that:
(i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for model types
and base levels associated with car lines that are:
(A) Domestically produced; and
(B) Nondomestically produced and imported;
(ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart,
will be used instead of sales projections;
(iii) The fuel economy value of diesel-powered model types will be
multiplied by the factor 1.0 to correct gallons of
[[Page 741]]
diesel fuel to equivalent gallons of gasoline;
(iv) The fuel economy value will be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg;
and
(v) At the manufacturer's option, those vehicle configurations that
are selfcompensating to altitude changes may be separated by sales into
high-altitude sales categories and low-altitude sales categories. These
separate sales categories may then be treated (only for the purpose of
this section) as separate configurations in accordance with the
procedure of paragraph Sec. 600.207(a)(4)(ii).
(3) The fuel economy value for each vehicle configuration is the
combined fuel economy calculated according to Sec. 600.206 except that:
(i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for vehicle
configurations associated with car lines that are:
(A) Domestically produced; and
(B) Nondomestically produced and imported;
(ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart
will be used instead of sales projections; and
(iii) The fuel economy value of diesel-powered model types will be
multiplied by the factor 1.0 to convert gallons of diesel fuel to
equivalent gallons of gasoline.
(c) Except as permitted in paragraph (d) of this section, the
average fuel economy will be calculated individually for each category
identified in paragraph (a) of this section as follows:
(1) Divide the total production volume of that category of
automobiles; by
(2) A sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a model type within
that category of automobiles and is a fraction determined by dividing:
(i) The number of automobiles of that model type produced by the
manufacturer in the model year; by
(ii) For gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled model types, the fuel
economy calculated for that model type in accordance with paragraph
(b)(2) of this section; or
(iii) For alcohol-fueled model types, the fuel economy value
calculated for that model type in accordance with (b)(2) of this section
divided by 0.15 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; or
(iv) For natural gas-fueled model types, the fuel economy value
calculated for that model type in accordance with (b)(2) of this section
divided by 0.15 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; or
(v) For alcohol dual fuel model types, for model years 1993 through
2004, the harmonic average of the following two terms; the result
rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg:
(A) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on
gasoline or diesel fuel as determined in Sec. 600.207(b)(5)(i); and
(B) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on
alcohol fuel as determined in Sec. 600.207(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15
provided the requirements of Sec. 600.510 (g) are met; or
(vi) For natural gas dual fuel model types, for model years 1993
through 2004, the harmonic average of the following two terms; the
result rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg:
(A) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on
gasoline or diesel as determined in Sec. 600.207(b)(5)(i); and
(B) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on
natural gas as determined in Sec. 600.207(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15
provided the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section are met.
(d) The Administrator may approve alternative calculation methods if
they are part of an approved credit plan under the provisions of 15
U.S.C. 2003.
(e) For passenger categories identified in paragraphs (a) (1) and
(2) of this section, the average fuel economy calculated in accordance
with paragraph (c) of this section shall be adjusted using the following
equation:
AFEadj = AFE[((0.55 x a x c) + (0.45 x c) + (0.5556 x a) + 0.4487)
/ ((0.55 x a) + 0.45)] + IW
Where:
AFEadj = Adjusted average combined fuel economy, rounded to the
nearest 0.1 mpg.
AFE = Average combined fuel economy as calculated in paragraph (c) of
this section, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
a = Sales-weight average (rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all
model type highway fuel economy values
[[Page 742]]
(rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg) divided by the sales-weighted average
(rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all model type city fuel economy
values (rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg). The quotient shall be rounded
to 4 decimal places. These average fuel economies shall be determined
using the methodology of paragraph (c) of this section.
c = 0.0022 for the 1986 model year.
c = A constant value, fixed by model year. For 1987, the Administrator
will specify the c value after the necessary laboratory humidity and
test fuel data become available. For 1988 and later model years, the
Administrator will specify the c value after the necessary laboratory
humidity and test fuel data become available.
IW = (9.2917 x 10-3 x SF3 IWC x FE3 IWC) - (3.5123 x
10-3 x SF4 ETW x FE4 IWC)
Note: Any calculated value of IW less than zero shall be set equal
to zero.
SF3 IWC = The 3000 lb. inertia weight class sales divided by total
sales. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places.
SF4 ETW = The 4000 lb. equivalent test weight category sales
divided by total sales. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal
places.
FE4 IWC = The sales-weighted average combined fuel economy of all
3000 lb. inertia weight class base levels in the compliance category.
Round the result to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
FE4 IWC = The sales-weighted average combined fuel economy of all
4000 lb. inertia weight class base levels in the compliance category.
Round the result to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.
(f) The Administrator shall calculate and apply additional average
fuel economy adjustments if, after notice and opportunity for comment,
the Administrator determines that, as a result of test procedure changes
not previously considered, such correction is necessary to yield fuel
economy test results that are comparable to those obtained under the
1975 test procedures. In making such determinations, the Administrator
must find that:
(1) A directional change in measured fuel economy of an average
vehicle can be predicted from a revision to the test procedures;
(2) The magnitude of the change in measured fuel economy for any
vehicle or fleet of vehicles caused by a revision to the test procedures
is quantifiable from theoretical calculations or best available test
data;
(3) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not due to
eliminating the ability of manufacturers to take advantage of
flexibility within the existing test procedures to gain measured
improvements in fuel economy which are not the result of actual
improvements in the fuel economy of production vehicles;
(4) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not solely due
to a greater ability of manufacturers to reflect in average fuel economy
those design changes expected to have comparable effects on in-use fuel
economy;
(5) The test procedure change is required by EPA or is a change
initiated by EPA in its laboratory and is not a change implemented
solely by a manufacturer in its own laboratory.
(g)(1) Alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles must provide equal or greater energy efficiency while
operating on alcohol or natural gas as while operating on gasoline or
diesel fuel to obtain the CAFE credit determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(v)
and (vi) of this section. The following equation must hold true:
Ealt/Epet > or = 1
Where:
Ealt = [FEalt/(NHValtxDalt)]x10 6 = energy
efficiency while operating on alternative fuel rounded to the nearest
0.01 miles/million BTU.
Epet = [FEpet/(NHVpetxDpet)]x10 6 = energy
efficiency while operating on gasoline or diesel (petroleum) fuel
rounded to the nearest 0.01 miles/million BTU.
FEalt is the fuel economy [miles/gallon for liquid fuels or miles/
100 standard cubic feet for gaseous fuels] while operated on the
alternative fuel as determined in Sec. 600.113;
FEpet is the fuel economy [miles/gallon] while operated on
petroleum fuel (gasoline or diesel) as determined in Sec. 600.113;
NHValt is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/lb] of the alternative
fuel;
[[Page 743]]
NHVpet is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/lb] of the petroleum
fuel;
Dalt is the density [lb/gallon for liquid fuels or lb/100 standard
cubic feet for gaseous fuels] of the alternative fuel;
Dpet is the density [lb/gallon] of the petroleum fuel.
(i) The equation must hold true for both the city and highway fuel
economy values for each test of each test vehicle.
(ii)(A) The net heating value for alcohol fuels shall be determined
per ASTM D 240 (Incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-
93).
(B) The density for alcohol fuels shall be determined per ASTM D
1298 (Incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(iii) The net heating value and density of gasoline are to be
determined by the manufacturer in accordance with Sec. 600.113(c).
(2) For model years 1993 through 1995, alcohol dual fuel automobiles
designed to operate on mixtures of alcohol and gasoline must, in
addition to paragraph (g)(1) of this section, to obtain the CAFE credit
determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(v) and (vi) of this section, provide
equal or superior energy efficiency while operating on a mixture of 50%
alcohol, 50% gasoline by volume, as while operating on gasoline fuel.
The following equation must hold true:
E50/Eg>or=1
Where:
E50=[FE50/(NHV50 x D50)] x 106=energy
efficiency while operating on 50% alcohol, 50% gasoline rounded to the
nearest 0.01 miles/million BTU.
Eg=[FEg/(NHVg x Dg)]x106=energy efficiency
while operating on gasoline fuel rounded to the nearest 0.01 miles/
million BTU.
FE50 is the fuel economy [miles/gallon] while operated on 50%
alcohol, 50% gasoline as determined in Sec. 600.113;
FEg is the fuel economy [miles/gallon] while operated on gasoline
as determined in Sec. 600.113;
NHV50 is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/lb] of the 50/50 blend;
NHVg is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/lb] of gasoline;
D50 is the density [lb/gallon] of the 50/50 blend;
Dg is the density [lb/gallon] of the gasoline.
(i) To demonstrate that the equation holds true for each engine
family, the manufacturer will:
(A) Test one test vehicle in each engine family on both the city and
highway cycles; or
(B) In lieu of testing, provide a written statement attesting that
equal or superior energy efficiency is attained while using a 50%
alcohol, 50% gasoline mixture compared to using 100% gasoline.
(ii)(A) The net heating value for the 50% alcohol, 50% gasoline
mixture shall be determined by ASTM D 240 (Incorporated by reference as
specified in Sec. 600.011-93).
(B) The density for the 50% alcohol, 50% gasoline mixture shall be
determined per ASTM D 1298 (Incorporated by reference as specified in
Sec. 600.011-93).
(iii) The net heating value and density of gasoline are to be
determined by the manufacturer in accordance with Sec. 600.113(c).
(3) Alcohol dual fuel passenger automobiles and natural gas dual
fuel passenger automobiles manufactured during model years 1993 through
2004 must meet the minimum driving range requirements established by the
Secretary of Transportation (49 CFR part 538) to obtain the CAFE credit
determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(v) and (vi) of this section.
(h) For each of the model years 1993 through 2004, and for each
category of automobile identified in paragraph (a) of this section, the
maximum increase in average fuel economy determined in paragraph (c) of
this section attributable to alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural
gas dual fuel automobiles shall be 1.2 miles per gallon or as provided
for in paragraph (i) of this section.
(1) The Administrator shall calculate the increase in average fuel
economy to determine if the maximum increase provided in paragraph (h)
of this section has been reached. The Administrator shall calculate the
average fuel economy for each category of automobiles specified in
paragraph (a) of this section by subtracting the average fuel economy
values calculated in accordance with this section by assuming
[[Page 744]]
all alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles are operated
exclusively on gasoline (or diesel) fuel from the average fuel economy
values determined in paragraphs (b)(2)(vi), (b)(2)(vii), and (c) of this
section. The difference is limited to the maximum increase specified in
paragraph (h) of this section.
(2) [Reserved]
(i) In the event that the Secretary of Transportation lowers the
corporate average fuel economy standard applicable to passenger
automobiles below 27.5 miles per gallon for any model year during 1993
through 2004, the maximum increase of 1.2 mpg per year specified in
paragraph (h) of this section shall be reduced by the amount the
standard was lowered, but not reduced below 0.7 mpg per year.
[59 FR 39659, Aug. 3, 1994]
Effective Date Note: At 59 FR 39659, Aug. 3, 1994, Sec. 600.510-93
was added. This section contains information collection and
recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval
has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Sec. 600.511-80 Determination of domestic production.
(a) An automobile shall be considered domestically produced in any
model year if it is included within a domestically produced car line
(car line includes station wagons for purposes of this paragraph),
unless the assembly of such automobile is completed in Canada or Mexico
and such automobile is not imported into the United States prior to the
expiration of 30 days following the end of the model year. For purposes
of this paragraph a car line will be considered domestically produced if
the following ratio is less than 0.25:
(1) The sum of the declared value, as defined in Sec. 600.502, of
all of the imported components installed or included on automobiles
produced within such a car line within a given model year plus the cost
of transportation and insuring such components to the United States port
of entry, the Mexican port of entry (when paragraph (b)(3) of this
section applies), or the Canadian port of entry but exclusive of any
customs duty, divided by
(2) The cost of production, as defined in Sec. 600.502, of
automobiles within such car line.
(b) For the purposes of calculations under this subpart with respect
to automobiles manufactured during any model year,
(1) An average exchange rate for the country of origin of each
imported component shall be used that is calculated by taking the mean
of the exchange rates in effect at the end of each quarter set by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York for twelve calendar quarters prior to
and including the calendar quarter ending one year prior to the date
that the manufacturer submits the calculation of the preliminary average
for such model year. Such rate, once calculated, shall be in effect for
the duration of the model year. Upon petition of a manufacturer, the
Administrator may permit the use of a different exchange rate where
appropriate and necessary.
(2) For automobiles for which paragraph (b)(3) of this section does
not apply pursuant to the schedule in paragraph (b)(4), components shall
be considered imported unless they are either:
(i) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States
and/or Canada, or
(ii) Substantially transformed in the United States or Canada into a
new and different article of commerce.
(3) For automobiles for which this paragraph applies pursuant to the
schedule in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, components shall be
considered imported unless they are either:
(i) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States
and/or Canada and/or Mexico, or
(ii) Substantially transformed in the United States and/or Canada
and/or Mexico into a new and different article of commerce.
(4) Paragraphs (b)(4) (i) through (v) of this section set forth the
schedule according to which paragraph (b)(3) of this section applies for
all automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer and sold in the United
States, wherever assembled.
(i) With respect to a manufacturer that initiated the assembly of
automobiles in Mexico before model year
[[Page 745]]
1992, the manufacturer may elect, at any time between January 1, 1997,
and January 1, 2004, to have paragraph (b)(3) of this section apply to
all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year
commencing after the date of such election.
(ii) With respect to a manufacturer initiating the assembly of
automobiles in Mexico after model year 1991, paragraph (b)(3) of this
section shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with
the model year commencing after January 1, 1994, or the model year
commencing after the date that the manufacturer initiates the assembly
of automobiles in Mexico, whichever is later.
(iii) With respect to a manufacturer not described by paragraph
(b)(4) (i) or (ii) of this section assembling automobiles in the United
States or Canada but not in Mexico, the manufacturer may elect, at any
time between January 1, 1997, and January 1, 2004, to have paragraph
(b)(3) of this section apply to all automobiles it manufactures,
beginning with the model year commencing after the date of such
election, except that if such manufacturer initiates the assembly of
automobiles in Mexico before making such election, this paragraph shall
not apply, and the manufacturer shall be subject to paragraph (b)(4)(ii)
of this section.
(iv) With respect to a manufacturer not assembling automobiles in
the United States, Canada, or Mexico, paragraph (b)(3) of this section
shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model
year commencing after January 1, 1994.
(v) With respect to a manufacturer authorized to make an election
under paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (iii) of this section which has not made
that election within the specified period, paragraph (b)(3) of this
section shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with
the model year commencing after January 1, 2004.
(5) All elections under paragraph (b)(4) of this section shall be
made in accordance with the procedures established by the Secretary of
Transportation pursuant to 15 U.S.C. 2003(b)(2)(G)(iii).
(c) If it is determined by the Administrator at some date later than
the date of entry that the declared value of such imported components
did not represent fair market value at the date of entry, through U.S.
Bureau of Customs appraisals, the Administrator may review the
determination made pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section as to
whether the pertinent car lines which utilize such components were
correctly included within the manufaturer's domestically-produced or
foreign-produced fleets. If such a determination was in error due to
misrepresentation of the valuation of imported components at the date of
entry, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's average for
the affected model year, according to Sec. 600.510, to reflect the
correct valuation of such imported components in each affected car line.
(d) In calculating average fuel economy under Sec. 600.510(c), the
Administrator will separate the total number of passenger automobiles
produced by a manufacturer into the following two categories:
(1) Passenger automobiles which are domestically produced by the
manufacturer,
(2) Passenger automobiles which are not domestically produced and
which are imported by the manufacturer.
(e) In calculating average fuel economy under Sec. 600.510(c), the
Administrator will separate the total number of light trucks produced by
a manufacturer into the following two categories:
(1) Light trucks which are domestically produced by the
manufacturer.
(2) Light trucks which are not domestically produced and which are
imported by the manufacturer.
[42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 39376, Sept. 5, 1978;
59 FR 679, Jan. 6, 1994; 59 FR 33914, July 1, 1994]
Sec. 600.512-86 Model year report.
(a) For each model year, the manufacturer shall submit to the
Administrator a report, known as the model year report, containing all
information necessary for the calculation of the manufacturer's average
fuel economy.
(b)(1) The model year report shall be in writing, signed by the
authorized representative of the manufacturer and shall be submitted no
later than 60 days after the report required in
[[Page 746]]
Sec. 86.082-37 for the final production quarter.
(2) The Administrator may waive the requirement that the model year
report be submitted within 60 days after the final quarterly production
report. Based upon a request by the manufacturer, if the Administrator
determines that 60 days is insufficient time for the manufacturer to
provide all additional data required as determined in Sec. 600.507, the
Administrator shall establish a date by which the model year report must
be submitted.
(3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles
and light trucks (as identified in Sec. 600.510).
(c) The model year report must include the following information:
(1) All fuel economy data used in the labeling calculations and
subsequently required by the Administrator in accordance with
Sec. 600.507.
(2) All fuel economy data for certification vehicles and for
vehicles tested for running changes approved under Secs. 86.079-32,
86.079-33, and 86.082-34.
(3) Any additional fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer
under Sec. 600.509.
(4) A fuel economy value for each model type of the manufacturer's
product line calculated according to Sec. 600.510(b)(2).
(5) The manufacturer's average fuel economy value calculated
according to Sec. 600.510(c).
(6) A listing of both domestically and nondomestically produced car
lines as determined in Sec. 600.511 and the cost information upon which
the determination was made.
(7) The authenticity and accuracy of production data must be
attested to by the corporation, and shall bear the signature of an
officer (a corporate executive of at least the rank of vice-president)
designated by the corporation. Such attestation shall constitute a
representation by the manufacturer that the manufacturer has established
reasonable, prudent procedures to ascertain and provide production data
that are accurate and authentic in all material respects and that these
procedures have been followed by employees of the manufacturer involved
in the reporting process. The signature of the designated officer shall
constitute a representation by the required attestation.
[49 FR 13855, Apr. 6, 1984]
Sec. 600.513-81 Gas Guzzler Tax.
(a)(1) The provisions of this section do not apply to passenger
automobiles exempted from Gas Guzzler Tax assessments by the Energy Tax
Act of 1978 and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Internal
Revenue Service. However, the manufacturer of an exempted passenger
automobile may, in his discretion, label such vehicles in accordance
with the provisions of this section.
(2) Vehicles produced by a manufacturer that has been granted an
alternate tax rate schedule by the Secretary of the Treasury shall be
labeled with the applicable tax determined under any such alternate tax
schedule.
(3) For 1980 and later model year passenger automobiles, the
combined general label model type fuel economy
value used for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments shall be calculated in
accordance with the following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg:
FEadj=Fe [((0.55 x ag x c)
+(0.45 x c)+(0.5556 x ag)+0.4487)/
((0.55 x a