[Senate Document 116-1]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
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116th Congress, 2nd Session - - - - - - - - - - - - - Senate Document 116-1
____________________________________________________________
SENATE MANUAL
containing the
STANDING RULES, ORDERS, LAWS, AND RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING THE
BUSINESS
of the
UNITED STATES SENATE
declaration of independence
articles of confederation
ordinance of 1787
and the
constitution of the united states
Committee on Rules and Administration
Chairman, Roy Blunt
United States Senate
One Hundred Sixteenth Congress
U.S. Government Publishing Office
Washington : 2020
Available via the World Wide Web: www.gpo.gov/senatemanual
__________________________________________________________
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Publishing Office
Washington, DC 20402-0001
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COMMITTEE ON RULES AND ADMINISTRATION
ROY BLUNT, Missouri, Chairman
MITCH McCONNELL, Kentucky AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota
LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California
PAT ROBERTS, Kansas CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York
RICHARD SHELBY, Alabama RICHARD J. DURBIN, Illinois
TED CRUZ, Texas TOM UDALL, New Mexico
SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West MARK R. WARNER, Virginia
Virginia PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont
ROGER WICKER, Mississippi ANGUS S. KING, JR., Maine
DEB FISCHER, Nebraska CATHERINE CORTEZ MASTO,
Nevada
Fitzhugh Elder IV, Staff Director
Lindsey Kerr, Democratic Staff Director and Chief Counsel
Jackie Barber, Chief Counsel
______
Printed pursuant to 44 U.S.C. Sec. 720.
The Committee would like to acknowledge and thank the staff
of the Senate Historical Office and the Congressional
Research Service of the Library of Congress for their
significant assistance in compiling and editing this
document.
(II)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Senate Manual Section
Rules, Laws, Procedures:
Standing Rules of the Senate............ 1
Nonstatutory Standing Orders not
embraced in the Rules, and
Resolutions Affecting the Business
of the Senate....................... 60
United States Senate Chamber and Gallery
Regulations......................... 150
Rules for Impeachment Trials............ 170
Cleaves' Manual of the Law and Practice
in Regard to Conferences and
Conference Reports.................. 200
Select Legislative Procedures Enacted in
Law Applying to the United States
Senate.............................. 270
Historical Documents:
Declaration of Independence............. 1700
Articles of Confederation............... 1701
Ordinance of 1787....................... 1702
Constitution of the United States....... 1710
Amendments........................1720
Statistical Data:
Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate
(1st-116th Cong.)................... 1800
Deputy Presidents Pro Tempore of the
Senate.............................. 1801
Permanent Acting President Pro Tempore
of the Senate (88th-95th Cong.)..... 1802
Presidents Pro Tempore Emeritus of the
Senate (107th-116th Cong.).......... 1803
Senators of the United States (1st-116th
Cong.).............................. 1804
Alphabetical Listing of Senators of the
United States....................... 1905
Electoral Votes, President and Vice
President (1789-2017)............... 1906
Supreme Court Justices (1789-2020)...... 1970
Cabinet Officers (1789-2019)............ 1971
Ratification of the Constitution by the
Thirteen Original States............ 1990
States Admitted into the Union Since the
Adoption of the Constitution........ 1991
The District of Columbia................ 1992
The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the
Insular Possessions, and Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.... 1993
Apportionments of Representatives....... 1994
General Index................................... 2000
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RULES, LAWS, PROCEDURES
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STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE
Senate
Manual
Section
Rule
I. Appointment of a Senator to the Chair..... 1
II. Presentation of credentials and questions
of privilege.......................... 2
III. Oaths..................................... 3
IV. Commencement of daily sessions............ 4
V. Suspension and amendment of the rules..... 5
VI. Quorum--absent Senators may be sent for... 6
VII. Morning business.......................... 7
VIII. Order of business......................... 8
IX. Messages.................................. 9
X. Special orders............................ 10
XI. Papers--withdrawal, printing, reading of,
and reference......................... 11
XII. Voting procedure.......................... 12
XIII. Reconsideration........................... 13
XIV. Bills, joint resolutions, resolutions, and
preambles thereto..................... 14
XV. Amendments and motions.................... 15
XVI. Appropriations and amendments to general
appropriations bills.................. 16
XVII. Reference to committees; motions to
discharge; reports of committees; and
hearings available.................... 17
XVIII. Business continued from session to session 18
XIX. Debate.................................... 19
XX. Questions of order........................ 20
XXI. Session with closed doors................. 21
XXII. Precedence of motions..................... 22
XXIII. Privilege of the floor.................... 23
XXIV. Appointment of committees................. 24
XXV. Standing committees....................... 25
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.... 25.1a
Appropriations.......................... 25.1b
Armed Services.......................... 25.1c
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs..... 25.1d
Budget.................................. 25.1e
Commerce, Science, and Transportation... 25.1f
Energy and Natural Resources............ 25.1g
Environment and Public Works............ 25.1h
Finance................................. 25.1i
Foreign Relations....................... 25.1j
Governmental Affairs.................... 25.1k
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.. 25.1l
Judiciary............................... 25.1m
Rules and Administration................ 25.1n
Small Business and Entrepreneurship..... 25.1o
Veterans' Affairs....................... 25.1p
Committee membership.................... 25.2-
25.3c
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Senate
Manual
Section
Rule
Limitations and exceptions with respect
to committee membership............... 25.4
XXVI. Committee procedure....................... 26
XXVII. Committee staff........................... 27
XXVIII. Conference committees; reports; open
meetings.............................. 28
XXIX. Executive sessions........................ 29
XXX. Executive session--proceedings on treaties 30
XXXI. Executive session--proceedings on
nominations........................... 31
XXXII. The President furnished with copies of
records of executive sessions......... 32
XXXIII. Senate Chamber--Senate wing of the Capitol 33
XXXIV. Public financial disclosure............... 34
XXXV. Gifts..................................... 35
XXXVI. Outside earned income..................... 36
XXXVII. Conflict of interest...................... 37
XXXVIII. Prohibition of unofficial office accounts. 38
XXXIX. Foreign travel............................ 39
XL. Franking privilege and radio and
television studios.................... 40
XLI. Political fund activity; definitions...... 41
XLII. Employment practices...................... 42
XLIII. Representation by Members................. 43
XLIV. Congressionally directed spending and
related items......................... 44
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STANDING RULES OF THE SENATE
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[The 1979 general revision of the rules was accomplished by
the adoption of S. Res. 274 on Nov. 14, 1979, a
resolution submitted by Mr. Robert C. Byrd for himself
and Mr. Baker; the preparation of the proposed revision
was pursuant to the adoption of S. Res. 156 on May 10,
1976, a resolution by Mr. Robert C. Byrd; the general
revision of the rules set forth in S. Res. 274 was
somewhat altered in form by the adoption of S. Res. 389
on Mar. 25, 1980, to consolidate and renumber certain
standing rules of the Senate.
[Changes to Senate rules since the last general revision in
1979 are indicated by footnotes in each succeeding
edition of the Senate Manual.
[For the origin of various changes in Senate procedure
between 1884 and 1979, as set forth in rules changes,
adopted resolutions, and Legislative Reorganization
Acts, see the table on p. XVI of Riddick's Senate
Procedure, 1992.]
--------
1 RULE I
APPOINTMENT OF A SENATOR TO THE CHAIR
1.1 1. In the absence of the Vice President, the Senate
shall choose a President pro tempore, who shall hold the
office and execute the duties thereof during the pleasure of
the Senate and until another is elected or his term of
office as a Senator expires.
1.2 2. In the absence of the Vice President, and pending the
election of a President pro tempore, the Acting President
pro tempore or the Secretary of the Senate, or in his
absence the Assistant Secretary, shall perform the duties of
the Chair.
1.3 3. The President pro tempore shall have the right to
name in open Senate or, if absent, in writing, a Senator to
perform the duties of the Chair, including the signing of
duly enrolled bills and joint resolutions but such
substitution shall not extend beyond an adjournment, except
by unanimous consent; and the Senator so named shall have
the right to name in open session, or, if absent, in
writing, a Senator to perform the duties of the Chair, but
not to
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extend beyond an adjournment, except by unanimous consent.
2 RULE II
PRESENTATION OF CREDENTIALS AND QUESTIONS OF PRIVILEGE
2.1 1. The presentation of the credentials of Senators elect
or of Senators designate and other questions of privilege
shall always be in order, except during the reading and
correction of the Journal, while a question of order or a
motion to adjourn is pending, or while the Senate is voting
or ascertaining the presence of a quorum; and all questions
and motions arising or made upon the presentation of such
credentials shall be proceeded with until disposed of.
2.2 2. The Secretary shall keep a record of the certificates
of election and certificates of appointment of Senators by
entering in a well-bound book kept for that purpose the date
of the election or appointment, the name of the person
elected or appointed, the date of the certificate, the name
of the governor and the secretary of state signing and
counter-signing the same, and the State from which such
Senator is elected or appointed.
2.3 3. The Secretary of the Senate shall send copies of the
following recommended forms to the governor and secretary of
state of each State wherein an election is about to take
place or an appointment is to be made so that they may use
such forms if they see fit.
THE RECOMMENDED FORMS FOR CERTIFICATES OF ELECTION AND
CERTIFICATE OF APPOINTMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS: \1\
``CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR SIX-YEAR TERM
``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
``This is to certify that on the -- day of --, 20--, A--
-- B---- was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the
State of ---- a Senator from said State to represent said
State in the Senate of the United States for the term of six
years, beginning on the 3d day of January, 20--.
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\1\ Certificate year designations were changed from 19--
to 20-- by S. Res. 99, 106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.
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``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our
seal hereto affixed at ---- this -- day of --, in the year
of our Lord 20--.
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``By the governor:
``C---- D----,
``Governor.
``E---- F----,
``Secretary of State.''
``CERTIFICATE OF ELECTION FOR UNEXPIRED TERM
``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
``This is to certify that on the -- day of ----, 20--,
A---- B---- was duly chosen by the qualified electors of the
State of ---- a Senator for the unexpired term ending at
noon on the 3d day of January, 20--, to fill the vacancy in
the representation from said State in the Senate of the
United States caused by the -- of C---- D----.
``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our
seal hereto affixed at ---- this -- day of --, in the year
of our Lord 20--.
``By the governor:
``E---- F----,
``Governor.
``G---- H----,
``Secretary of State.''
``CERTIFICATE OF APPOINTMENT
``To the President of the Senate of the United States:
``This is to certify that, pursuant to the power vested
in me by the Constitution of the United States and the laws
of the State of ----, I, A---- B----, the governor of said
State, do hereby appoint C---- D---- a Senator from said
State to represent said State in the Senate of the United
States until the vacancy therein caused by the ---- of E----
F----, is filled by election as provided by law.
``Witness: His excellency our governor ----, and our
seal hereto affixed at ---- this -- day of --, in the year
of our Lord 20--.
``By the governor:
``G---- H----,
``Governor.
``I---- J----,
``Secretary of State.''
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3 RULE III
OATHS
The oaths or affirmations required by the Constitution
and prescribed by law shall be taken and subscribed by each
Senator, in open Senate, before entering upon his duties.
OATH REQUIRED BY THE CONSTITUTION AND BY LAW TO BE TAKEN BY
SENATORS
``I, A---- B---- do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
will support and defend the Constitution of the United
States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I
will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take
this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or
purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully
discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to
enter: So help me God.'' (5 U.S.C. 3331.)
4 RULE IV
COMMENCEMENT OF DAILY SESSIONS
4.1a 1. (a) \2\ The Presiding Officer having taken the chair,
following the prayer by the Chaplain, and after the
Presiding Officer, or a Senator designated by the Presiding
Officer, leads the Senate from the dais in reciting the
Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States, and a
Quorum being present, the Journal of the preceding day shall
be read unless by nondebatable motion the reading shall be
waived, the question being, ``Shall the Journal stand
approved to date?'', and any mistake made in the entries
corrected. Except as provided in subparagraph (b) the
reading of the Journal shall not be suspended unless by
unanimous consent; and when any motion shall be made to
amend or correct the same, it shall be deemed a privileged
question, and proceeded with until disposed of.
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\2\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986; S.
Res. 113, 106-1, June 23, 1999.
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4.1b (b) Whenever the Senate is proceeding under paragraph 2
of rule XXII, the reading of the Journal shall be dispensed
with and shall be considered approved to date.
4.1c (c) The proceedings of the Senate shall be briefly and
accurately stated on the Journal. Messages of the President
in full; titles of bills and resolutions, and such parts as
shall be affected by proposed amendments; every vote, and
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a brief statement of the contents of each petition,
memorial, or paper presented to the Senate, shall be
entered.
4.1d (d) The legislative, the executive, the confidential
legislative proceedings, and the proceedings when sitting as
a Court of Impeachment, shall each be recorded in a separate
book.
4.2 2. During a session of the Senate when that body is in
continuous session, the Presiding Officer shall temporarily
suspend the business of the Senate at noon each day for the
purpose of having the customary daily prayer by the
Chaplain.
5 RULE V
SUSPENSION AND AMENDMENT OF THE RULES
5.1 1. No motion to suspend, modify, or amend any rule, or
any part thereof, shall be in order, except on one day's
notice in writing, specifying precisely the rule or part
proposed to be suspended, modified, or amended, and the
purpose thereof. Any rule may be suspended without notice by
the unanimous consent of the Senate, except as otherwise
provided by the rules.
5.2 2. The rules of the Senate shall continue from one
Congress to the next Congress unless they are changed as
provided in these rules.
6 RULE VI
QUORUM--ABSENT SENATORS MAY BE SENT FOR
6.1 1. A quorum shall consist of a majority of the Senators
duly chosen and sworn.
6.2 2. No Senator shall absent himself from the service of
the Senate without leave.
6.3 3. If, at any time during the daily sessions of the
Senate, a question shall be raised by any Senator as to the
presence of a quorum, the Presiding Officer shall forthwith
direct the Secretary to call the roll and shall announce the
result, and these proceedings shall be without debate.
6.4 4. Whenever upon such roll call it shall be ascertained
that a quorum is not present, a majority of the Senators
present may direct the Sergeant at Arms to request, and,
when necessary, to compel the attendance of the absent
Senators, which order shall be determined without debate;
and pending its execution, and until a quorum shall be
present, no debate nor motion, except to adjourn, or to re
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cess pursuant to a previous order entered by unanimous
consent, shall be in order.
7 RULE VII
MORNING BUSINESS
7.1 1. On each legislative day after the Journal is read,
the Presiding Officer on demand of any Senator shall lay
before the Senate messages from the President, reports and
communications from the heads of Departments, and other
communications addressed to the Senate, and such bills,
joint resolutions, and other messages from the House of
Representatives as may remain upon his table from any
previous day's session undisposed of. The Presiding Officer
on demand of any Senator shall then call for, in the
following order:
The presentation of petitions and memorials.
Reports of committees.
The introduction of bills and joint resolutions.
The submission of other resolutions.
All of which shall be received and disposed of in such
order, unless unanimous consent shall be otherwise given,
with newly offered resolutions being called for before
resolutions coming over from a previous legislative day are
laid before the Senate.
7.2 2. Until the morning business shall have been concluded,
and so announced from the Chair, or until one hour after the
Senate convenes at the beginning of a new legislative day,
no motion to proceed to the consideration of any bill,
resolution, report of a committee, or other subject upon the
Calendar shall be entertained by the Presiding Officer,
unless by unanimous consent: Provided, however, That on
Mondays which are the beginning of a legislative day the
Calendar shall be called under rule VIII, and until two
hours after the Senate convenes no motion shall be
entertained to proceed to the consideration of any bill,
resolution, or other subject upon the Calendar except the
motion to continue the consideration of a bill, resolution,
or other subject against objection as provided in rule VIII,
or until the call of the Calendar has been completed.
7.3 3. The Presiding Officer may at any time lay, and it
shall be in order at any time for a Senator to move to lay,
before the Senate, any bill or other matter sent to the
Senate by the President or the House of Representatives for
appropriate action allowed under the rules and any question
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pending at that time shall be suspended for this purpose.
Any motion so made shall be determined without debate.
7.4 4. Petitions or memorials shall be referred, without
debate, to the appropriate committee according to subject
matter on the same basis as bills and resolutions, if signed
by the petitioner or memorialist. A question of receiving or
reference may be raised and determined without debate. But
no petition or memorial or other paper signed by citizens or
subjects of a foreign power shall be received, unless the
same be transmitted to the Senate by the President.
7.5 5. Only a brief statement of the contents of petitions
and memorials shall be printed in the Congressional Record;
and no other portion of any petition or memorial shall be
printed in the Record unless specifically so ordered by vote
of the Senate, as provided for in paragraph 4 of rule XI, in
which case the order shall be deemed to apply to the body of
the petition or memorial only; and names attached to the
petition or memorial shall not be printed unless specially
ordered, except that petitions and memorials from the
legislatures or conventions, lawfully called, of the
respective States, Territories, and insular possessions
shall be printed in full in the Record whenever presented.
7.6 6. Senators having petitions, memorials, bills, or
resolutions to present after the morning hour may deliver
them in the absence of objection to the Presiding Officer's
desk, endorsing upon them their names, and with the approval
of the Presiding Officer, they shall be entered on the
Journal with the names of the Senators presenting them and
in the absence of objection shall be considered as having
been read twice and referred to the appropriate committees,
and a transcript of such entries shall be furnished to the
official reporter of debates for publication in the
Congressional Record, under the direction of the Secretary
of the Senate.
8 RULE VIII
ORDER OF BUSINESS
8.1 1. At the conclusion of the morning business at the
beginning of a new legislative day, unless upon motion the
Senate shall at any time otherwise order, the Senate shall
proceed to the consideration of the Calendar of Bills and
Resolutions, and shall continue such consideration until 2
hours after the Senate convenes on such day (the end of the
morning hour); and bills and resolutions that are not ob
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jected to shall be taken up in their order, and each Senator
shall be entitled to speak once and for five minutes only
upon any question; and an objection may be interposed at any
stage of the proceedings, but upon motion the Senate may
continue such consideration; and this order shall commence
immediately after the call for ``other resolutions'', or
after disposition of resolutions coming ``over under the
rule'', and shall take precedence of the unfinished business
and other special orders. But if the Senate shall proceed on
motion with the consideration of any matter notwithstanding
an objection, the foregoing provisions touching debate shall
not apply.
8.2 2. All motions made during the first two hours of a new
legislative day to proceed to the consideration of any
matter shall be determined without debate, except motions to
proceed to the consideration of any motion, resolution, or
proposal to change any of the Standing Rules of the Senate
shall be debatable. Motions made after the first two hours
of a new legislative day to proceed to the consideration of
bills and resolutions are debatable.
9 RULE IX
MESSAGES
9.1 1. Messages from the President of the United States or
from the House of Representatives may be received at any
stage of proceedings, except while the Senate is voting or
ascertaining the presence of a quorum, or while the Journal
is being read, or while a question of order or a motion to
adjourn is pending.
9.2 2. Messages shall be sent to the House of
Representatives by the Secretary, who shall previously
certify the determination of the Senate upon all bills,
joint resolutions, and other resolutions which may be
communicated to the House, or in which its concurrence may
be requested; and the Secretary shall also certify and
deliver to the President of the United States all
resolutions and other communications which may be directed
to him by the Senate.
10 RULE X
SPECIAL ORDERS
10.1 1. Any subject may, by a vote of two-thirds of the
Senators present, be made a special order of business for
consideration and when the time so fixed for its
consideration
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arrives the Presiding Officer shall lay it before the
Senate, unless there be unfinished business in which case it
takes its place on the Calendar of Special Orders in the
order of time at which it was made special, to be considered
in that order when there is no unfinished business.
10.2 2. All motions to change such order, or to proceed to
the consideration of other business, shall be decided
without debate.
11 RULE XI
PAPERS--WITHDRAWAL, PRINTING, READING OF, AND REFERENCE
11.1 1. No memorial or other paper presented to the Senate,
except original treaties finally acted upon, shall be
withdrawn from its files except by order of the Senate.
11.2 2. The Secretary of the Senate shall obtain at the close
of each Congress all the noncurrent records of the Senate
and of each Senate committee and transfer them to the
General Services Administration for preservation, subject to
the orders of the Senate.
11.3 3. When the reading of a paper is called for, and
objected to, it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate,
without debate.
11.4 4. Every motion or resolution to print documents,
reports, and other matter transmitted by the executive
departments, or to print memorials, petitions, accompanying
documents, or any other paper, except bills of the Senate or
House of Representatives, resolutions submitted by a
Senator, communications from the legislatures or
conventions, lawfully called, of the respective States,
shall, unless the Senate otherwise order, be referred to the
Committee on Rules and Administration. When a motion is made
to commit with instructions, it shall be in order to add
thereto a motion to print.
11.5 5. Motions or resolutions to print additional numbers
shall also be referred to the Committee on Rules and
Administration; and when the committee shall report
favorably, the report shall be accompanied by an estimate of
the probable cost thereof; and when the cost of printing
such additional numbers shall exceed the sum established by
law, the concurrence of the House of Representatives shall
be necessary for an order to print the same.
11.6 6. Every bill and joint resolution introduced or
reported from a committee, and all bills and joint
resolutions re
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ceived from the House of Representatives, and all reports of
committees, shall be printed, unless, for the dispatch of
the business of the Senate, such printing may be dispensed
with.
12 RULE XII
VOTING PROCEDURE
12.1 1. When the yeas and nays are ordered, the names of
Senators shall be called alphabetically; and each Senator
shall, without debate, declare his assent or dissent to the
question, unless excused by the Senate; and no Senator shall
be permitted to vote after the decision shall have been
announced by the Presiding Officer, but may for sufficient
reasons, with unanimous consent, change or withdraw his
vote. No motion to suspend this rule shall be in order, nor
shall the Presiding Officer entertain any request to suspend
it by unanimous consent.
12.2 2. When a Senator declines to vote on call of his name,
he shall be required to assign his reasons therefor, and
having assigned them, the Presiding Officer shall submit the
question to the Senate: ``Shall the Senator for the reasons
assigned by him, be excused from voting?'' which shall be
decided without debate; and these proceedings shall be had
after the rollcall and before the result is announced; and
any further proceedings in reference thereto shall be after
such announcement.
12.3 3. A Member, notwithstanding any other provisions of
this rule, may decline to vote, in committee or on the
floor, on any matter when he believes that his voting on
such a matter would be a conflict of interest.
12.4 4. No request by a Senator for unanimous consent for the
taking of a final vote on a specified date upon the passage
of a bill or joint resolution shall be submitted to the
Senate for agreement thereto until after a quorum call
ordered for the purpose by the Presiding Officer, it shall
be disclosed that a quorum of the Senate is present; and
when a unanimous consent is thus given the same shall
operate as the order of the Senate, but any unanimous
consent may be revoked by another unanimous consent granted
in the manner prescribed above upon one day's notice.
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13 RULE XIII
RECONSIDERATION
13.1 1. When a question has been decided by the Senate, any
Senator voting with the prevailing side or who has not voted
may, on the same day or on either of the next two days of
actual session thereafter, move a reconsideration; and if
the Senate shall refuse to reconsider such a motion entered,
or if such a motion is withdrawn by leave of the Senate, or
if upon reconsideration the Senate shall affirm its first
decision, no further motion to reconsider shall be in order
unless by unanimous consent. Every motion to reconsider
shall be decided by a majority vote, and may be laid on the
table without affecting the question in reference to which
the same is made, which shall be a final disposition of the
motion.
13.2 2. When a bill, resolution, report, amendment, order, or
message, upon which a vote has been taken, shall have gone
out of the possession of the Senate and been communicated to
the House of Representatives, the motion to reconsider shall
be accompanied by a motion to request the House to return
the same; which last motion shall be acted upon immediately,
and without debate, and if determined in the negative shall
be a final disposition of the motion to reconsider.
14 RULE XIV
BILLS, JOINT RESOLUTIONS, RESOLUTIONS, AND PREAMBLES THERETO
14.1 1. Whenever a bill or joint resolution shall be offered,
its introduction shall, if objected to, be postponed for one
day.
14.2 2. Every bill and joint resolution shall receive three
readings previous to its passage which readings on demand of
any Senator shall be on three different legislative days,
and the Presiding Officer shall give notice at each reading
whether it be the first, second, or third: Provided, That
each reading may be by title only, unless the Senate in any
case shall otherwise order.
14.3 3. No bill or joint resolution shall be committed or
amended until it shall have been twice read, after which it
may be referred to a committee; bills and joint resolutions
introduced on leave, and bills and joint resolutions from
the House of Representatives, shall be read once, and
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may be read twice, if not objected to, on the same day for
reference, but shall not be considered on that day nor
debated, except for reference, unless by unanimous consent.
14.4 4. Every bill and joint resolution reported from a
committee, not having previously been read, shall be read
once, and twice, if not objected to, on the same day, and
placed on the Calendar in the order in which the same may be
reported; and every bill and joint resolution introduced on
leave, and every bill and joint resolution of the House of
Representatives which shall have received a first and second
reading without being referred to a committee, shall, if
objection be made to further proceeding thereon, be placed
on the Calendar.
14.5 5. All bills, amendments, and joint resolutions shall be
examined under the supervision of the Secretary of the
Senate before they go out of the possession of the Senate,
and all bills and joint resolutions which shall have passed
both Houses shall be examined under the supervision of the
Secretary of the Senate, to see that the same are correctly
enrolled, and, when signed by the Speaker of the House and
the President of the Senate, the Secretary of the Senate
shall forthwith present the same, when they shall have
originated in the Senate, to the President of the United
States and report the fact and date of such presentation to
the Senate.
14.6 6. All other resolutions shall lie over one day for
consideration, if not referred, unless by unanimous consent
the Senate shall otherwise direct. When objection is heard
to the immediate consideration of a resolution or motion
when it is submitted, it shall be placed on the Calendar
under the heading of ``Resolutions and Motions over, under
the Rule,'' to be laid before the Senate on the next
legislative day when there is no further morning business
but before the close of morning business and before the
termination of the morning hour.
14.7 7. When a bill or joint resolution shall have been
ordered to be read a third time, it shall not be in order to
propose amendments, unless by unanimous consent, but it
shall be in order at any time before the passage of any bill
or resolution to move its commitment; and when the bill or
resolution shall again be reported from the committee it
shall be placed on the Calendar.
14.8 8. When a bill or resolution is accompanied by a
preamble, the question shall first be put on the bill or
resolu
[[Page 13]]
tion and then on the preamble, which may be withdrawn by a
mover before an amendment of the same, or ordering of the
yeas and nays; or it may be laid on the table without
prejudice to the bill or resolution, and shall be a final
disposition of such preamble.
14.9 9. Whenever a private bill, except a bill for a pension,
is under consideration, it shall be in order to move the
adoption of a resolution to refer the bill to the Chief
Commissioner of the Court of Claims for a report in
conformity with section 2509 of Title 28, United States
Code.
14.10 10. No private bill or resolution (including so-called
omnibus claims or pension bills), and no amendment to any
bill or resolution, authorizing or directing (1) the payment
of money for property damages, personal injuries, or death,
for which a claim may be filed under chapter 171 of Title
28, United States Code, or for a pension (other than to
carry out a provision of law or treaty stipulation); (2) the
construction of a bridge across a navigable stream; or (3)
the correction of a military or naval record, shall be
received or considered.
15 RULE XV
AMENDMENTS AND MOTIONS
15.1a 1. (a) \3\ An amendment and any instruction accompanying
a motion to recommit shall be reduced to writing and read
and identical copies shall be provided by the Senator
offering the amendment or instruction to the desks of the
Majority Leader and the Minority Leader before being
debated.
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\3\ Paragraph 1 was amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
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15.1b (b) A motion shall be reduced to writing, if desired by
the Presiding Officer or by any Senator, and shall be read
before being debated.
15.2 2. Any motion, amendment, or resolution may be withdrawn
or modified by the mover at any time before a decision,
amendment, or ordering of the yeas and nays, except a motion
to reconsider, which shall not be withdrawn without leave.
15.3 3. If the question in debate contains several
propositions, any Senator may have the same divided, except
a motion to strike out and insert, which shall not be
divided; but the rejection of a motion to strike out and
insert one proposition shall not prevent a motion to strike
out and insert
[[Page 14]]
a different proposition; nor shall it prevent a motion
simply to strike out; nor shall the rejection of a motion to
strike out prevent a motion to strike out and insert. But
pending a motion to strike out and insert, the part to be
stricken out and the part to be inserted shall each be
regarded for the purpose of amendment as a question, and
motions to amend the part to be stricken out shall have
precedence.
15.4 4. When an amendment proposed to any pending measure is
laid on the table, it shall not carry with it, or prejudice,
such measure.
15.5 5. It shall not be in order to consider any proposed
committee amendment (other than a technical, clerical, or
conforming amendment) which contains any significant matter
not within the jurisdiction of the committee proposing such
amendment.
16 RULE XVI
APPROPRIATIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS
BILLS
16.1 1. On a point of order made by any Senator, no
amendments shall be received to any general appropriation
bill the effect of which will be to increase an
appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a new
item of appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the
provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation, or
act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during
that session; or unless the same be moved by direction of
the Committee on Appropriations or of a committee of the
Senate having legislative jurisdiction of the subject
matter, or proposed in pursuance of an estimate submitted in
accordance with law.
16.2 2. The Committee on Appropriations shall not report an
appropriation bill containing amendments to such bill
proposing new or general legislation or any restriction on
the expenditure of the funds appropriated which proposes a
limitation not authorized by law if such restriction is to
take effect or cease to be effective upon the happening of a
contingency, and if an appropriation bill is reported to the
Senate containing amendments to such bill proposing new or
general legislation or any such restriction, a point of
order may be made against the bill, and if the point is
sustained, the bill shall be recommitted to the Committee on
Appropriations.
[[Page 15]]
16.3 3. All amendments to general appropriation bills moved
by direction of a committee having legislative jurisdiction
of the subject matter proposing to increase an appropriation
already contained in the bill, or to add new items of
appropriation, shall, at least one day before they are
considered, be referred to the Committee on Appropriations,
and when actually proposed to the bill no amendment
proposing to increase the amount stated in such amendment
shall be received on a point of order made by any Senator.
16.4 4. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment
offered by any other Senator which proposes general
legislation shall be received to any general appropriation
bill, nor shall any amendment not germane or relevant to the
subject matter contained in the bill be received; nor shall
any amendment to any item or clause of such bill be received
which does not directly relate thereto; nor shall any
restriction on the expenditure of the funds appropriated
which proposes a limitation not authorized by law be
received if such restriction is to take effect or cease to
be effective upon the happening of a contingency; and all
questions of relevancy of amendments under this rule, when
raised, shall be submitted to the Senate and be decided
without debate; and any such amendment or restriction to a
general appropriation bill may be laid on the table without
prejudice to the bill.
16.5 5. On a point of order made by any Senator, no
amendment, the object of which is to provide for a private
claim, shall be received to any general appropriation bill,
unless it be to carry out the provisions of an existing law
or a treaty stipulation, which shall be cited on the face of
the amendment.
16.6 6. When a point of order is made against any restriction
on the expenditure of funds appropriated in a general
appropriation bill on the ground that the restriction
violates this rule, the rule shall be construed strictly
and, in case of doubt, in favor of the point of order.
16.7 7. Every report on general appropriation bills filed by
the Committee on Appropriations shall identify with
particularity each recommended amendment which proposes an
item of appropriation which is not made to carry out the
provisions of an existing law, a treaty stipulation, or an
act or resolution previously passed by the Senate during
that session.
16.8 8. On a point of order made by any Senator, no general
appropriation bill or amendment thereto shall be received
[[Page 16]]
or considered if it contains a provision reappropriating
unexpended balances of appropriations; except that this
provision shall not apply to appropriations in continuation
of appropriations for public works on which work has
commenced.
17 RULE XVII
REFERENCE TO COMMITTEES; MOTIONS TO DISCHARGE; REPORTS OF
COMMITTEES; AND HEARINGS AVAILABLE
17.1 1. Except as provided in paragraph 3, in any case in
which a controversy arises as to the jurisdiction of any
committee with respect to any proposed legislation, the
question of jurisdiction shall be decided by the presiding
officer, without debate, in favor of the committee which has
jurisdiction over the subject matter which predominates in
such proposed legislation; but such decision shall be
subject to an appeal.
17.2 2. A motion simply to refer shall not be open to
amendment, except to add instructions.
17.3a 3. (a) Upon motion by both the majority leader or his
designee and the minority leader or his designee, proposed
legislation may be referred to two or more committees
jointly or sequentially. Notice of such motion and the
proposed legislation to which it relates shall be printed in
the Congressional Record. The motion shall be privileged,
but it shall not be in order until the Congressional Record
in which the notice is printed has been available to
Senators for at least twenty-four hours. No amendment to any
such motion shall be in order except amendments to any
instructions contained therein. Debate on any such motion,
and all amendments thereto and debatable motions and appeals
in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than
two hours, the time to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader
or their designees.
17.3b (b) Proposed legislation which is referred to two or
more committees jointly may be reported only by such
committees jointly and only one report may accompany any
proposed legislation so jointly reported.
17.3c (c) A motion to refer any proposed legislation to two or
more committees sequentially shall specify the order of
referral.
17.3d (d) Any motion under this paragraph may specify the
portion or portions of proposed legislation to be considered
[[Page 17]]
by the committees, or any of them, to which such proposed
legislation is referred, and such committees or committee
shall be limited, in the consideration of such proposed
legislation, to the portion or portions so specified.
17.3e (e) Any motion under this subparagraph may contain
instructions with respect to the time allowed for
consideration by the committees, or any of them, to which
proposed legislation is referred and the discharge of such
committees, or any of them, from further consideration of
such proposed legislation.
17.4a 4. (a) All reports of committees and motions to
discharge a committee from the consideration of a subject,
and all subjects from which a committee shall be discharged,
shall lie over one day for consideration, unless by
unanimous consent the Senate shall otherwise direct.
17.4b (b) Whenever any committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) has reported any measure, by action taken in
conformity with the requirements of paragraph 7 of rule
XXVI, no point of order shall lie with respect to that
measure on the ground that hearings upon that measure by the
committee were not conducted in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph 4 of rule XXVI.
17.5 5.\4\ Any measure or matter reported by any standing
committee shall not be considered in the Senate unless the
report of that committee upon that measure or matter has
been available to Members for at least two calendar days
(excluding Sundays and legal holidays) prior to the
consideration of that measure or matter. If hearings have
been held on any such measure or matter so reported, the
committee reporting the measure or matter shall make every
reasonable effort to have such hearings printed and
available for distribution to the Members of the Senate
prior to the consideration of such measure or matter in the
Senate. This paragraph--
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\4\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
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(1) may be waived by joint agreement of the
majority leader and the minority leader of the
Senate; and
(2) shall not apply to--
(A) any measure for the declaration of
war, or the declaration of a national
emergency, by the Congress, and
(B) any executive decision,
determination, or action which would become,
or continue to be, effec
[[Page 18]]
tive unless disapproved or otherwise
invalidated by one or both Houses of
Congress.
18 RULE XVIII
BUSINESS CONTINUED FROM SESSION TO SESSION
At the second or any subsequent session of a Congress
the legislative business of the Senate which remained
undetermined at the close of the next preceding session of
that Congress shall be resumed and proceeded with in the
same manner as if no adjournment of the Senate had taken
place.
19 RULE XIX
DEBATE
19.1a 1. (a) When a Senator desires to speak, he shall rise
and address the Presiding Officer, and shall not proceed
until he is recognized, and the Presiding Officer shall
recognize the Senator who shall first address him. No
Senator shall interrupt another Senator in debate without
his consent, and to obtain such consent he shall first
address the Presiding Officer, and no Senator shall speak
more than twice upon any one question in debate on the same
legislative day without leave of the Senate, which shall be
determined without debate.
19.1b (b) At the conclusion of the morning hour at the
beginning of a new legislative day or after the unfinished
business or any pending business has first been laid before
the Senate on any calendar day, and until after the duration
of three hours of actual session after such business is laid
down except as determined to the contrary by unanimous
consent or on motion without debate, all debate shall be
germane and confined to the specific question then pending
before the Senate.
19.2 2. No Senator in debate shall, directly or indirectly,
by any form of words impute to another Senator or to other
Senators any conduct or motive unworthy or unbecoming a
Senator.
19.3 3. No Senator in debate shall refer offensively to any
State of the Union.
19.4 4. If any Senator, in speaking or otherwise, in the
opinion of the Presiding Officer transgress the rules of the
Senate the Presiding Officer shall, either on his own motion
or at the request of any other Senator, call him to order;
and
[[Page 19]]
when a Senator shall be called to order he shall take his
seat, and may not proceed without leave of the Senate,
which, if granted, shall be upon motion that he be allowed
to proceed in order, which motion shall be determined
without debate. Any Senator directed by the Presiding
Officer to take his seat, and any Senator requesting the
Presiding Officer to require a Senator to take his seat, may
appeal from the ruling of the Chair, which appeal shall be
open to debate.
19.5 5. If a Senator be called to order for words spoken in
debate, upon the demand of the Senator or of any other
Senator, the exceptionable words shall be taken down in
writing, and read at the table for the information of the
Senate.
19.6 6. Whenever confusion arises in the Chamber or the
galleries, or demonstrations of approval or disapproval are
indulged in by the occupants of the galleries, it shall be
the duty of the Chair to enforce order on his own initiative
and without any point of order being made by a Senator.
19.7 7. No Senator shall introduce to or bring to the
attention of the Senate during its sessions any occupant in
the galleries of the Senate. No motion to suspend this rule
shall be in order, nor may the Presiding Officer entertain
any request to suspend it by unanimous consent.
19.8 8. Former Presidents of the United States shall be
entitled to address the Senate upon appropriate notice to
the Presiding Officer who shall thereupon make the necessary
arrangements.
20 RULE XX
QUESTIONS OF ORDER
20.1 1. A question of order may be raised at any stage of the
proceedings, except when the Senate is voting or
ascertaining the presence of a quorum, and, unless submitted
to the Senate, shall be decided by the Presiding Officer
without debate, subject to an appeal to the Senate. When an
appeal is taken, any subsequent question of order which may
arise before the decision of such appeal shall be decided by
the Presiding Officer without debate; and every appeal
therefrom shall be decided at once, and without debate; and
any appeal may be laid on the table without prejudice to the
pending proposition, and thereupon shall be held as
affirming the decision of the Presiding Officer.
[[Page 20]]
20.2 2. The Presiding Officer may submit any question of
order for the decision of the Senate.
21 RULE XXI
SESSION WITH CLOSED DOORS
21.1 1. On a motion made and seconded to close the doors of
the Senate, on the discussion of any business which may, in
the opinion of a Senator, require secrecy, the Presiding
Officer shall direct the galleries to be cleared; and during
the discussion of such motion the doors shall remain closed.
21.2 2. When the Senate meets in closed session, any
applicable provisions of rules XXIX and XXXI, including the
confidentiality of information shall apply to any
information and to the conduct of any debate transacted.
22 RULE XXII
PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS
22.1 1. When a question is pending, no motion shall be
received but--
To adjourn.
To adjourn to a day certain, or that when the
Senate adjourn it shall be to a day certain.
To take a recess.
To proceed to the consideration of executive
business.
To lay on the table.
To postpone indefinitely.
To postpone to a day certain.
To commit.
To amend.
Which several motions shall have precedence as they stand
arranged; and the motions relating to adjournment, to take a
recess, to proceed to the consideration of executive
business, to lay on the table, shall be decided without
debate.
22.2 2.\5\ Notwithstanding the provisions of rule II or rule
IV or any other rule of the Senate, at any time a motion
signed by sixteen Senators, to bring to a close the debate
upon any measure, motion, other matter pending before the
Senate, or the unfinished business, is presented to the
Senate, the Presiding Officer, or clerk at the direction of
the Presiding Officer, shall at once state the motion to the
Senate,
[[Page 21]]
and one hour after the Senate meets on the following
calendar day but one, he shall lay the motion before the
Senate and direct that the clerk call the roll, and upon the
ascertainment that a quorum is present, the Presiding
Officer shall, without debate, submit to the Senate by a
yea-and-nay vote the question:
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\5\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
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``Is it the sense of the Senate that the debate shall be
brought to a close?'' And if that question shall be decided
in the affirmative by three-fifths of the Senators duly
chosen and sworn--except on a measure or motion to amend the
Senate rules, in which case the necessary affirmative vote
shall be two-thirds of the Senators present and voting--then
said measure, motion, or other matter pending before the
Senate, or the unfinished business, shall be the unfinished
business to the exclusion of all other business until
disposed of.
Thereafter no Senator shall be entitled to speak in all
more than one hour on the measure, motion, or other matter
pending before the Senate, or the unfinished business, the
amendments thereto and motions affecting the same, and it
shall be the duty of the Presiding Officer to keep the time
of each Senator who speaks. Except by unanimous consent, no
amendment shall be proposed after the vote to bring the
debate to a close, unless it had been submitted in writing
to the Journal Clerk by 1 o'clock p.m. on the day following
the filing of the cloture motion if an amendment in the
first degree, and unless it had been so submitted at least
one hour prior to the beginning of the cloture vote if an
amendment in the second degree. No dilatory motion, or
dilatory amendment, or amendment not germane shall be in
order. Points of order, including questions of relevancy,
and appeals from the decision of the Presiding Officer,
shall be decided without debate.
After no more than thirty hours of consideration of the
measure, motion, or other matter on which cloture has been
invoked, the Senate shall proceed, without any further
debate on any question, to vote on the final disposition
thereof to the exclusion of all amendments not then actually
pending before the Senate at that time and to the exclusion
of all motions, except a motion to table, or to reconsider
and one quorum call on demand to establish the presence of a
quorum (and motions required to establish a quorum)
immediately before the final vote begins. The thirty hours
may be increased by the adoption of a motion,
[[Page 22]]
decided without debate, by a three-fifths affirmative vote
of the Senators duly chosen and sworn, and any such time
thus agreed upon shall be equally divided between and
controlled by the Majority and Minority Leaders or their
designees. However, only one motion to extend time,
specified above, may be made in any one calendar day.
If, for any reason, a measure or matter is reprinted
after cloture has been invoked, amendments which were in
order prior to the reprinting of the measure or matter will
continue to be in order and may be conformed and reprinted
at the request of the amendment's sponsor. The conforming
changes must be limited to lineation and pagination.
No Senator shall call up more than two amendments until
every other Senator shall have had the opportunity to do
likewise.
Notwithstanding other provisions of this rule, a Senator
may yield all or part of his one hour to the majority or
minority floor managers of the measure, motion, or matter or
to the Majority or Minority Leader, but each Senator
specified shall not have more than two hours so yielded to
him and may in turn yield such time to other Senators.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this rule, any
Senator who has not used or yielded at least ten minutes,
is, if he seeks recognition, guaranteed up to ten minutes,
inclusive, to speak only.
After cloture is invoked, the reading of any amendment,
including House amendments, shall be dispensed with when the
proposed amendment has been identified and has been
available in printed form at the desk of the Members for not
less than twenty-four hours.
22.3 3.\6\ If a cloture motion on a motion to proceed to a
measure or matter is presented in accordance with this rule
and is signed by 16 Senators, including the Majority Leader,
the Minority Leader, 7 additional Senators not affiliated
with the majority, and 7 additional Senators not affiliated
with the minority, one hour after the Senate meets on the
following calendar day, the Presiding Officer, or the clerk
at the direction of the Presiding Officer, shall lay the
motion before the Senate. If cloture is then invoked on the
motion to proceed, the question shall be on the motion to
proceed, without further debate.
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\6\ As amended by S. Res. 16, 113-1, Jan. 24, 2013.
[[Page 23]]
23 RULE XXIII
PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR
23.1 1.\7\ Other than the Vice President and Senators, no
person shall be admitted to the floor of the Senate while in
session, except as follows:
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\7\ Paragraph numbered by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
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The President of the United States and his
private secretary.
The President elect and Vice President elect of
the United States.
Ex-Presidents and ex-Vice Presidents of the
United States.
Judges of the Supreme Court.
Ex-Senators and Senators elect, except as
provided in paragraph 2.\8\
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\8\ As amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
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The officers and employees of the Senate in the
discharge of their official duties.
Ex-Secretaries and ex-Sergeants at Arms of the
Senate, except as provided in paragraph 2.\9\
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\9\ As amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
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Members of the House of Representatives and
Members elect.
Ex-Speakers of the House of Representatives,
except as provided in paragraph 2.\10\
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\10\ As amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
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The Sergeant at Arms of the House and his chief
deputy and the Clerk of the House and his deputy.
Heads of the Executive Departments.
Ambassadors and Ministers of the United States.
Governors of States and Territories.
Members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
The General Commanding the Army.
The Senior Admiral of the Navy on the active
list.
Members of National Legislatures of foreign
countries and Members of the European Parliament.
Judges of the Court of Claims.
The Mayor of the District of Columbia.
The Librarian of Congress and the Assistant
Librarian in charge of the Law Library.
The Architect of the Capitol.
The Chaplain of the House of Representatives.
The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
The Parliamentarian Emeritus of the Senate.
[[Page 24]]
Members of the staffs of committees of the
Senate and joint committees of the Congress when in
the discharge of their official duties and employees
in the office of a Senator when in the discharge of
their official duties (but in each case subject to
such rules or regulations as may be prescribed by
the Committee on Rules and Administration). Senate
committee staff members and employees in the office
of a Senator must be on the payroll of the Senate
and members of joint committee staffs must be on the
payroll of the Senate or the House of
Representatives.
23.2a 2. (a) \11\ The floor privilege provided in paragraph 1
shall not apply, when the Senate is in session, to an
individual covered by this paragraph who is--
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\11\ Paragraphs 2 and 3 added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
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(1) a registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign
principal; or
(2) in the employ of or represents any party or
organization for the purpose of influencing,
directly or indirectly, the passage, defeat, or
amendment of any Federal legislative proposal.
23.2b (b) The Committee on Rules and Administration may
promulgate regulations to allow individuals covered by this
paragraph floor privileges for ceremonial functions and
events designated by the Majority Leader and the Minority
Leader.
23.3 3. A former Member of the Senate may not exercise
privileges to use Senate athletic facilities or Member-only
parking spaces if such Member is--
23.3a
(a) a registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign
principal; or
23.3b
(b) in the employ of or represents any party or
organization for the purpose of influencing,
directly or indirectly, the passage, defeat, or
amendment of any Federal legislative proposal.
24 RULE XXIV
APPOINTMENT OF COMMITTEES
24.1 1. In the appointment of the standing committees, or to
fill vacancies thereon, the Senate, unless otherwise
ordered, shall by resolution appoint the chairman of each
such committee and the other members thereof. On de
[[Page 25]]
mand of any Senator, a separate vote shall be had on the
appointment of the chairman of any such committee and on the
appointment of the other members thereof. Each such
resolution shall be subject to amendment and to division of
the question.
24.2 2. On demand of one-fifth of the Senators present, a
quorum being present, any vote taken pursuant to paragraph 1
shall be by ballot.
24.3 3. Except as otherwise provided or unless otherwise
ordered, all other committees, and the chairmen thereof,
shall be appointed in the same manner as standing
committees.
24.4 4. When a chairman of a committee shall resign or cease
to serve on a committee, action by the Senate to fill the
vacancy in such committee, unless specially otherwise
ordered, shall be only to fill up the number of members of
the committee, and the election of a new chairman.
25 RULE XXV
STANDING COMMITTEES
25.1 1. The following standing committees shall be appointed
at the commencement of each Congress, and shall continue and
have the power to act until their successors are appointed,
with leave to report by bill or otherwise on matters within
their respective jurisdictions:
25.1a (a)(1) Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and
Forestry, to which committee shall be referred all proposed
legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other
matters relating primarily to the following subjects:
1. Agricultural economics and research.
2. Agricultural extension services and
experiment stations.
3. Agricultural production, marketing, and
stabilization of prices.
4. Agriculture and agricultural commodities.
5. Animal industry and diseases.
6. Crop insurance and soil conservation.
7. Farm credit and farm security.
8. Food from fresh waters.
9. Food stamp programs.
10. Forestry, and forest reserves and wilderness
areas other than those created from the public
domain.
11. Home economics.
[[Page 26]]
12. Human nutrition.
13. Inspection of livestock, meat, and
agricultural products.
14. Pests and pesticides.
15. Plant industry, soils, and agricultural
engineering.
16. Rural development, rural electrification,
and watersheds.
17. School nutrition programs.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to food, nutrition,
and hunger, both in the United States and in foreign
countries, and rural affairs, and report thereon from time
to time.
25.1b (b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee
shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages,
petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
following subjects:
1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support
of the Government, except as provided in
subparagraph (e).
2. Rescission of appropriations contained in
appropriation Acts (referred to in section 105 of
Title 1, United States Code).
3. The amount of new spending authority
described in section 401(c)(2) (A) and (B) of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 which is to be
effective for a fiscal year.
4. New spending authority described in section
401(c)(2)(C) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974
provided in bills and resolutions referred to the
committee under section 401(b)(2) of that Act (but
subject to the provisions of section 401(b)(3) of
that Act).
25.1c (c)(1) Committee on Armed Services, to which committee
shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages,
petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
following subjects:
1. Aeronautical and space activities peculiar to
or primarily associated with the development of
weapons systems or military operations.
2. Common defense.
3. Department of Defense, the Department of the
Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department
of the Air Force, generally.
[[Page 27]]
4. Maintenance and operation of the Panama
Canal, including administration, sanitation, and
government of the Canal Zone.
5. Military research and development.
6. National security aspects of nuclear energy.
7. Naval petroleum reserves, except those in
Alaska.
8. Pay, promotion, retirement, and other
benefits and privileges of members of the Armed
Forces, including overseas education of civilian and
military dependents.
9. Selective service system.
10. Strategic and critical materials necessary
for the common defense.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to the common defense
policy of the United States, and report thereon from time to
time.
25.1d (d)(1) Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs,
to which committee shall be referred all proposed
legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other
matters relating to the following subjects:
1. Banks, banking, and financial institutions.
2. Control of prices of commodities, rents, and
services.
3. Deposit insurance.
4. Economic stabilization and defense
production.
5. Export and foreign trade promotion.
6. Export controls.
7. Federal monetary policy, including Federal
Reserve System.
8. Financial aid to commerce and industry.
9. Issuance and redemption of notes.
10. Money and credit, including currency and
coinage.
11. Nursing home construction.
12. Public and private housing (including
veterans' housing).
13. Renegotiation of Government contracts.
14. Urban development and urban mass transit.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to international
economic policy as it affects United States monetary
affairs, credit, and financial institutions; economic
growth, urban affairs, and credit, and report thereon from
time to time.
[[Page 28]]
25.1e (e)(1) \12\ Committee on the Budget, to which committee
shall be referred all concurrent resolutions on the budget
(as defined in section 3(a)(4) of the Congressional Budget
Act of 1974) and all other matters required to be referred
to that committee under Titles III and IV of that Act, and
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
thereto.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\12\ The jurisdiction for the Committee on the Budget
was modified by S. Res. 445, 108-2, Oct. 9, 2004; however,
the Standing Rules of the Senate were not amended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Such committee shall have the duty--
(A) to report the matters required to be
reported by it under titles III and IV of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974;
(B) to make continuing studies of the effect on
budget outlays of relevant existing and proposed
legislation and to report the results of such
studies to the Senate on a recurring basis;
(C) to request and evaluate continuing studies
of tax expenditures, to devise methods of
coordinating tax expenditures, policies, and
programs with direct budget outlays, and to report
the results of such studies to the Senate on a
recurring basis; and
(D) to review, on a continuing basis, the
conduct by the Congressional Budget Office of its
functions and duties.
25.1f (f)(1) Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation, to which committee shall be referred all
proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and
other matters relating to the following subjects:
1. Coast Guard.
2. Coastal zone management.
3. Communications.
4. Highway safety.
5. Inland waterways, except construction.
6. Interstate commerce.
7. Marine and ocean navigation, safety, and
transportation, including navigational aspects of
deepwater ports.
8. Marine fisheries.
9. Merchant marine and navigation.
10. Nonmilitary aeronautical and space sciences.
11. Oceans, weather, and atmospheric activities.
12. Panama Canal and interoceanic canals
generally, except as provided in subparagraph (c).
[[Page 29]]
13. Regulation of consumer products and
services, including testing related to toxic
substances, other than pesticides, and except for
credit, financial services, and housing.
14. Regulation of interstate common carriers,
including railroads, buses, trucks, vessels,
pipelines, and civil aviation.
15. Science, engineering, and technology
research and development and policy.
16. Sports.
17. Standards and measurement.
18. Transportation.
19. Transportation and commerce aspects of Outer
Continental Shelf lands.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, all matters relating to science and
technology, oceans policy, transportation, communications,
and consumer affairs, and report thereon from time to time.
25.1g (g)(1) Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, to
which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
1. Coal production, distribution, and
utilization.
2. Energy policy.
3. Energy regulation and conservation.
4. Energy related aspects of deepwater ports.
5. Energy research and development.
6. Extraction of minerals from oceans and Outer
Continental Shelf lands.
7. Hydroelectric power, irrigation, and
reclamation.
8. Mining education and research.
9. Mining, mineral lands, mining claims, and
mineral conservation.
10. National parks, recreation areas, wilderness
areas, wild and scenic rivers, historical sites,
military parks and battlefields, and on the public
domain, preservation of prehistoric ruins and
objects of interest.
11. Naval petroleum reserves in Alaska.
12. Nonmilitary development of nuclear energy.
13. Oil and gas production and distribution.
14. Public lands and forests, including farming
and grazing thereon, and mineral extraction
therefrom.
15. Solar energy systems.
[[Page 30]]
16. Territorial possessions of the United
States, including trusteeships.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to energy and
resources development, and report thereon from time to time.
25.1h (h)(1) Committee on Environment and Public Works, to
which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
1. Air pollution.
2. Construction and maintenance of highways.
3. Environmental aspects of Outer Continental
Shelf lands.
4. Environmental effects of toxic substances,
other than pesticides.
5. Environmental policy.
6. Environmental research and development.
7. Fisheries and wildlife.
8. Flood control and improvements of rivers and
harbors, including environmental aspects of
deepwater ports.
9. Noise pollution.
10. Nonmilitary environmental regulation and
control of nuclear energy.
11. Ocean dumping.
12. Public buildings and improved grounds of the
United States generally, including Federal buildings
in the District of Columbia.
13. Public works, bridges, and dams.
14. Regional economic development.
15. Solid waste disposal and recycling.
16. Water pollution.
17. Water resources.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to environmental
protection and resource utilization and conservation, and
report thereon from time to time.
25.1i (i) Committee on Finance, to which committee shall be
referred all proposed legislation, messages, petitions,
memorials, and other matters relating to the following
subjects:
1. Bonded debt of the United States, except as
provided in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
2. Customs, collection districts, and ports of
entry and delivery.
[[Page 31]]
3. Deposit of public moneys.
4. General revenue sharing.
5. Health programs under the Social Security Act
and health programs financed by a specific tax or
trust fund.
6. National social security.
7. Reciprocal trade agreements.
8. Revenue measures generally, except as
provided in the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
9. Revenue measures relating to the insular
possessions.
10. Tariffs and import quotas, and matters
related thereto.
11. Transportation of dutiable goods.
25.1j (j)(1) Committee on Foreign Relations, to which
committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
1. Acquisition of land and buildings for
embassies and legations in foreign countries.
2. Boundaries of the United States.
3. Diplomatic service.
4. Foreign economic, military, technical, and
humanitarian assistance.
5. Foreign loans.
6. International activities of the American
National Red Cross and the International Committee
of the Red Cross.
7. International aspects of nuclear energy,
including nuclear transfer policy.
8. International conferences and congresses.
9. International law as it relates to foreign
policy.
10. International Monetary Fund and other
international organizations established primarily
for international monetary purposes (except that, at
the request of the Committee on Banking, Housing,
and Urban Affairs, any proposed legislation relating
to such subjects reported by the Committee on
Foreign Relations shall be referred to the Committee
on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs).
11. Intervention abroad and declarations of war.
12. Measures to foster commercial intercourse
with foreign nations and to safeguard American
business interests abroad.
13. National security and international aspects
of trusteeships of the United States.
[[Page 32]]
14. Oceans and international environmental and
scientific affairs as they relate to foreign policy.
15. Protection of United States citizens abroad
and expatriation.
16. Relations of the United States with foreign
nations generally.
17. Treaties and executive agreements, except
reciprocal trade agreements.
18. United Nations and its affiliated
organizations.
19. World Bank group, the regional development
banks, and other international organizations
established primarily for development assistance
purposes.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to the national
security policy, foreign policy, and international economic
policy as it relates to foreign policy of the United States,
and matters relating to food, hunger, and nutrition in
foreign countries, and report thereon from time to time.
25.1k (k)(1) \13\ Committee on Governmental Affairs, to which
committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Pursuant to S. Res. 445, 108-2, Oct. 9, 2004, ``the
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
shall be treated as the Committee on Governmental Affairs
listed under paragraph 2 of rule XXV of the Standing Rules
of the Senate for purposes of the Standing Rules of the
Senate.'' The resolution also modified the jurisdiction of
the Committee. However, the Standing Rules of the Senate
were not amended.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Archives of the United States.
2. Budget and accounting measures, other than
appropriations, except as provided in the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
3. Census and collection of statistics,
including economic and social statistics.
4. Congressional organization, except for any
part of the matter that amends the rules or orders
of the Senate.
5. Federal Civil Service.
6. Government information.
7. Intergovernmental relations.
8. Municipal affairs of the District of
Columbia, except appropriations therefor.
9. Organization and management of United States
nuclear export policy.
10. Organization and reorganization of the
executive branch of the Government.
[[Page 33]]
11. Postal Service.
12. Status of officers and employees of the
United States, including their classification,
compensation, and benefits.
(2) Such committee shall have the duty of--
(A) receiving and examining reports of the
Comptroller General of the United States and of
submitting such recommendations to the Senate as it
deems necessary or desirable in connection with the
subject matter of such reports;
(B) studying the efficiency, economy, and
effectiveness of all agencies and departments of the
Government;
(C) evaluating the effects of laws enacted to
reorganize the legislative and executive branches of
the Government; and
(D) studying the intergovernmental relationships
between the United States and the States and
municipalities, and between the United States and
international organizations of which the United
States is a member.
25.1l (l)(1) \14\ Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and
Pensions, to which committee shall be referred all proposed
legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other
matters relating to the following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\14\ Name changed by S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan. 21, 1999;
redesignated as subparagraph (l) by S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr.
27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Measures relating to education, labor,
health, and public welfare.
2. Aging.
3. Agricultural colleges.
4. Arts and humanities.
5. Biomedical research and development.
6. Child labor.
7. Convict labor and the entry of goods made by
convicts into interstate commerce.
8. Domestic activities of the American National
Red Cross.
9. Equal employment opportunity.
10. Gallaudet College, Howard University, and
Saint Elizabeths Hospital.
11. Individuals with disabilities.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan. 21, 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Labor standards and labor statistics.
13. Mediation and arbitration of labor disputes.
[[Page 34]]
14. Occupational safety and health, including
the welfare of miners.
15. Private pension plans.
16. Public health.
17. Railway labor and retirement.
18. Regulation of foreign laborers.
19. Student loans.
20. Wages and hours of labor.
(2) Such committee shall also study and review, on a
comprehensive basis, matters relating to health, education
and training, and public welfare, and report thereon from
time to time.
25.1m (m) \16\ Committee on the Judiciary, to which committee
shall be referred all proposed legislation, messages,
petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ Redesignated as subparagraph (m) by S. Res. 299,
106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Apportionment of Representatives.
2. Bankruptcy, mutiny, espionage, and
counterfeiting.
3. Civil liberties.
4. Constitutional amendments.
5. Federal courts and judges.
6. Government information.
7. Holidays and celebrations.
8. Immigration and naturalization.
9. Interstate compacts generally.
10. Judicial proceedings, civil and criminal,
generally.
11. Local courts in the territories and
possessions.
12. Measures relating to claims against the
United States.
13. National penitentiaries.
14. Patent Office.
15. Patents, copyrights, and trademarks.
16. Protection of trade and commerce against
unlawful restraints and monopolies.
17. Revision and codification of the statutes of
the United States.
18. State and territorial boundary lines.
25.1n (n)(1) Committee on Rules and Administration, to which
committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
[[Page 35]]
1. Administration of the Senate Office Buildings
and the Senate wing of the Capitol, including the
assignment of office space.
2. Congressional organization relative to rules
and procedures, and Senate rules and regulations,
including floor and gallery rules.
3. Corrupt practices.
4. Credentials and qualifications of Members of
the Senate, contested elections, and acceptance of
incompatible offices.
5. Federal elections generally, including the
election of the President, Vice President, and
Members of the Congress.
6. Government Printing Office, and the printing
and correction of the Congressional Record, as well
as those matters provided for under rule XI.
7. Meetings of the Congress and attendance of
Members.
8. Payment of money out of the contingent fund
of the Senate or creating a charge upon the same
(except that any resolution relating to substantive
matter within the jurisdiction of any other standing
committee of the Senate shall be first referred to
such committee).
9. Presidential succession.
10. Purchase of books and manuscripts and
erection of monuments to the memory of individuals.
11. Senate Library and statuary, art, and
pictures in the Capitol and Senate Office Buildings.
12. Services to the Senate, including the Senate
restaurant.
13. United States Capitol and congressional
office buildings, the Library of Congress, the
Smithsonian Institution (and the incorporation of
similar institutions), and the Botanic Gardens.
(2) Such committee shall also--
(A) make a continuing study of the organization
and operation of the Congress of the United States
and shall recommend improvements in such
organization and operation with a view toward
strengthening the Congress, simplifying its
operations, improving its relationships with other
branches of the United States Government, and
enabling it better to meet its responsibilities
under the Constitution of the United States;
[[Page 36]]
(B) identify any court proceeding or action
which, in the opinion of the Committee, is of vital
interest to the Congress as a constitutionally
established institution of the Federal Government
and call such proceeding or action to the attention
of the Senate; and
(C) \17\ develop, implement, and update as
necessary a strategy planning process and a
strategic plan for the functional and technical
infrastructure support of the Senate and provide
oversight over plans developed by Senate officers
and others in accordance with the strategic planning
process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\17\ As added by S. Res. 151, 105-1, Nov. 9, 1997.
25.1o (o)(1) \18\ Committee on Small Business and
Entrepreneurship, to which committee shall be referred all
proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and
other matters relating to the Small Business Administration.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ As added by S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981; name
changed by S. Res. 123, 107-1, June 29, 2001.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) Any proposed legislation reported by such committee
which relates to matters other than the functions of the
Small Business Administration shall, at the request of the
chairman of any standing committee having jurisdiction over
the subject matter extraneous to the functions of the Small
Business Administration, be considered and reported by such
standing committee prior to its consideration by the Senate;
and likewise measures reported by other committees directly
relating to the Small Business Administration shall, at the
request of the chairman of the Committee on Small Business,
be referred to the Committee on Small Business and
Entrepreneurship for its consideration of any portions of
the measure dealing with the Small Business Administration,
and be reported by this committee prior to its consideration
by the Senate.
(3) Such committee shall also study and survey by means
of research and investigation all problems of American small
business enterprises, and report thereon from time to time.
25.1p (p) \19\ Committee on Veterans' Affairs, to which
committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating
to the following subjects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ Redesignated as subparagraph (p) by S. Res. 101,
97-1, Mar. 25, 1981.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Compensation of veterans.
[[Page 37]]
2. Life insurance issued by the Government on
account of service in the Armed Forces.
3. National cemeteries.
4. Pensions of all wars of the United States,
general and special.
5. Readjustment of servicemen to civil life.
6. Soldiers' and sailors' civil relief.
7. Veterans' hospitals, medical care and
treatment of veterans.
8. Veterans' measures generally.
9. Vocational rehabilitation and education of
veterans.
25.2 2. \20\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4 of
this rule, each of the following standing committees shall
consist of the number of Senators set forth in the following
table on the line on which the name of that committee
appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\ As amended by S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S.
Res. 365, 97-2, Apr. 20, 1982; S. Res. 380, 97-2, Apr. 27,
1982; S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan. 3, 1983; S. Res. 20, 98-1, Jan.
27, 1983; S. Res. 53, 98-1, Feb. 3, 1983; S. Res. 338, 98-2,
Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 74, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985; S. Res. 14,
100-1, Jan. 6, 1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S.
Res. 43, 101-1, Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 43, 102-1, Feb. 5,
1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 4, 103-1,
Jan. 7, 1993; S. Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 132,
103-1, July 15, 1993; S. Res. 14, 104-1, Jan. 5, 1995; S.
Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995; S. Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9,
1997; HELP/Judiciary reversed by S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr.
27, 2000; S. Res. 354, 106-2, Sept. 12, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Committee:
Members
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry.......... 20
Appropriations................................ 28
Armed Services................................ 18
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs........... 22
Commerce, Science, and Transportation......... 20
Energy and Natural Resources.................. 20
Environment and Public Works.................. 18
Finance....................................... 20
Foreign Relations............................. 18
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions........ 18
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs.... 16
Judiciary..................................... 18
25.3a 3. (a) \21\ Except as otherwise provided by paragraph 4
of this rule, each of the following standing committees
shall consist of the number of Senators set forth in the
following
[[Page 38]]
table on the line on which the name of that committee
appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\21\ As amended by S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S.
Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25, 1981; S. Res. 6, 98-1, Jan 3, 1983;
S. Res. 88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6,
1987; S. Res. 211, 100-1, May 12, 1987; S. Res. 43, 101-1,
Feb. 2, 1989; S. Res. 85, 102-1, Mar. 19, 1991; S. Res. 135,
102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S.
Res. 130, 103-1, July 1, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6,
1995; S. Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 1997; S. Res. 354, 106-2,
Sept. 12, 2000; S. Res. 123, 107-1, June 29, 2001.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Committee:
Members
Budget........................................ 22
Rules and Administration...................... 16
Veterans' Affairs............................. 14
Small Business and Entrepreneurship........... 18
25.3b (b) \22\ Each of the following committees and joint
committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or
Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth
in the following table on the line on which the name of that
committee appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\22\ As amended by S. Res. 13, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981; S.
Res. 24, 97-1, Jan. 19, 1981; S. Res. 101, 97-1, Mar. 25,
1981; S. Res. 338, 98-2, Feb. 9, 1984; S. Res. 85, 102-1,
Mar. 19, 1991; S. Res. 135, 102-1, June 4, 1991; S. Res. 18,
103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34, 104-1, Jan. 6, 1995; S.
Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Committee: \23\
Members
Aging......................................... 18
Intelligence.................................. 19
Joint Economic Committee...................... 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\23\ Pursuant to S. Res. 445, 108-2, Oct. 9, 2004, the
Select Committee on Intelligence shall be treated as a
committee listed under paragraph 2 of rule XXV of the
Standing Rules of the Senate for purposes of the Standing
Rules of the Senate. However, the resolution did not amend
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.3c (c) \24\ Each of the following committees and joint
committees shall consist of the number of Senators (or
Senate members, in the case of a joint committee) set forth
in the following table on the line on which the name of that
committee appears:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\ As amended by S. Res. 448, 96-2, Dec. 11, 1980; S.
Res. 88, 99-1, Mar. 5, 1985; S. Res. 14, 100-1, Jan. 6,
1987; S. Res. 100, 101-1, Apr. 11, 1989; S. Res. 44, 102-1,
Feb. 5, 1991; S. Res. 18, 103-1, Jan. 21, 1993; S. Res. 34,
104-1, Jan. 6, 1995; S. Res. 92, 104-1, Mar. 24, 1995; S.
Res. 9, 105-1, Jan. 9, 1997.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Committee:
Members
Ethics........................................ 6
Indian Affairs................................ 14
Joint Committee on Taxation................... 5
25.4a 4. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this paragraph--
(1) each Senator shall serve on two and no more
committees listed in paragraph 2; and
(2) each Senator may serve on only one committee
listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b).
25.4b (b)(1) Each Senator may serve on not more than three
subcommittees of each committee (other than the Committee on
Appropriations) listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a
member.
[[Page 39]]
(2) Each Senator may serve on not more than two
subcommittees of a committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or
(b) of which he is a member.
(3) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (1) and (2), a Senator
serving as chairman or ranking minority member of a
standing, select, or special committee of the Senate or
joint committee of the Congress may serve ex officio,
without vote, as a member of any subcommittee of such
committee or joint committee.
(4) No committee of the Senate may establish any sub-
unit of that committee other than a subcommittee, unless the
Senate by resolution has given permission therefor. For
purposes of this subparagraph, any subunit of a joint
committee shall be treated as a subcommittee.
25.4c (c) By agreement entered into by the majority leader and
the minority leader, the membership of one or more standing
committees may be increased temporarily from time to time by
such number or numbers as may be required to accord to the
majority party a majority of the membership of all standing
committees. When any such temporary increase is necessary to
accord to the majority party a majority of the membership of
all standing committees, members of the majority party in
such number as may be required for that purpose may serve as
members of three standing committees listed in paragraph 2.
No such temporary increase in the membership of any standing
committee under this subparagraph shall be continued in
effect after the need therefor has ended. No standing
committee may be increased in membership under this
subparagraph by more than two members in excess of the
number prescribed for that committee by paragraph 2 or 3(a).
25.4d (d) A Senator may serve as a member of any joint
committee of the Congress the Senate members of which are
required by law to be appointed from a standing committee of
the Senate of which he is a member, and service as a member
of any such joint committee shall not be taken into account
for purposes of subparagraph (a)(2).
25.4e (e)(1) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman of
more than one standing, select, or special committee of the
Senate or joint committee of the Congress, except that a
Senator may serve as chairman of any joint committee of the
Congress having jurisdiction with respect to a subject
matter which is directly related to the jurisdiction of a
standing committee of which he is chairman.
[[Page 40]]
(2) No Senator shall serve at any time as chairman of
more than one subcommittee of each standing, select, or
special committee of the Senate or joint committee of the
Congress of which he is a member.
(3) A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a
committee listed in paragraph 2 may serve at any time as the
chairman of only one subcommittee of all committees listed
in paragraph 2 of which he is a member and may serve at any
time as the chairman of only one subcommittee of each
committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) of which he is a
member. A Senator who is serving as the chairman of a
committee listed in paragraph 3 (a) or (b) may not serve as
the chairman of any subcommittee of that committee, and may
serve at any time as the chairman of only one subcommittee
of each committee listed in paragraph 2 of which he is a
member. Any other Senator may serve as the chairman of only
one subcommittee of each committee listed in paragraph 2,
3(a), or 3(b) of which he is a member.
25.4f (f) A Senator serving on the Committee on Rules and
Administration may not serve on any joint committee of the
Congress unless the Senate members thereof are required by
law to be appointed from the Committee on Rules and
Administration, or unless such Senator served on the
Committee on Rules and Administration and the Joint
Committee on Taxation on the last day of the Ninety-eighth
Congress.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ As amended by S. Res. 76, 99-1, Feb. 21, 1985.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
25.4g (g) A Senator who on the day preceding the effective
date of Title I of the Committee System Reorganization
Amendments of 1977 was serving as the chairman or ranking
minority member of the Committee on the District of Columbia
or the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service may serve
on the Committee on Governmental Affairs in addition to
serving on two other standing committees listed in paragraph
2. At the request of any such Senator, he shall be appointed
to serve on such committee but, while serving on such
committee and two other standing committees listed in
paragraph 2, he may not serve on any committee listed in
paragraph 3 (a) or (b) other than the Committee on Rules and
Administration. The preceding provisions of this
subparagraph shall apply with respect to any Senator only so
long as his service as a member of the Committee on
Governmental Affairs is continuous after the
[[Page 41]]
date on which the appointment of the majority and minority
members of the Committee on Governmental Affairs is
initially completed.\26\
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\26\ As amended by S. Res. 12, 97-1, Jan. 5, 1981;
Subparagraph (h), omitted here, pertains to committee
service of Senators during the 103rd Congress. Provisions
for the 104th Congress were established by S. Res. 13 and
17, Jan. 4, 1995, and S. Res. 27 and 29, Jan. 5, 1995. In
subsequent Congresses, committee assignments made
notwithstanding Rule XXV.
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* * * * * * *
26 RULE XXVI
COMMITTEE PROCEDURE
26.1 1.\27\ Each standing committee, including any
subcommittee of any such committee, is authorized to hold
such hearings, to sit and act at such times and places
during the sessions, recesses, and adjourned periods of the
Senate, to require by subpoena or otherwise the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such correspondence,
books, papers, and documents, to take such testimony and to
make such expenditures out of the contingent fund of the
Senate as may be authorized by resolutions of the Senate.
Each such committee may make investigations into any matter
within its jurisdiction, may report such hearings as may be
had by it, and may employ stenographic assistance at a cost
not exceeding the amount prescribed by the Committee on
Rules and Administration.\28\ The expenses of the committee
shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon
vouchers approved by the chairman.
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\27\ As amended by S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980,
effective Feb. 28, 1981.
\28\ Pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 4331, the Committee on Rules
and Administration issues ``Regulations Governing Rates
Payable to Commercial Reporting Firms for Reporting
Committee Hearings in the Senate.''
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26.2 2. \29\ Each committee \30\ shall adopt rules (not
inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate) governing the
procedure of such committee. The rules of each committee
shall be published in the Congressional Record not later
than March 1 of the first year of each Congress, except that
if any such committee is established on or after February 1
of a year, the rules of that committee during the year of
establishment shall be published in the Congressional Record
not later than sixty days after such establishment. Any
amendment to the rules of a committee shall not take effect
[[Page 42]]
until the amendment is published in the Congressional
Record.
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\29\ As amended by S. Res. 250, 101-2, Mar. 1, 1990.
\30\ The term ``each committee'' when used in these
rules includes standing, select, and special committees
unless otherwise specified.
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26.3 3. Each standing committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) shall fix regular weekly, biweekly, or
monthly meeting days for the transaction of business before
the committee and additional meetings may be called by the
chairman as he may deem necessary. If at least three members
of any such committee desire that a special meeting of the
committee be called by the chairman, those members may file
in the offices of the committee their written request to the
chairman for that special meeting. Immediately upon the
filing of the request, the clerk of the committee shall
notify the chairman of the filing of the request. If, within
three calendar days after the filing of the request, the
chairman does not call the requested special meeting, to be
held within seven calendar days after the filing of the
request, a majority of the members of the committee may file
in the offices of the committee their written notice that a
special meeting of the committee will be held, specifying
the date and hour of that special meeting. The committee
shall meet on that date and hour. Immediately upon the
filing of the notice, the clerk of the committee shall
notify all members of the committee that such special
meeting will be held and inform them of its date and hour.
If the chairman of any such committee is not present at any
regular, additional, or special meeting of the committee,
the ranking member of the majority party on the committee
who is present shall preside at that meeting.
26.4a 4. (a) Each committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations and the Committee on the Budget) shall make
public announcement of the date, place, and subject matter
of any hearing to be conducted by the committee on any
measure or matter at least one week before the commencement
of that hearing unless the committee determines that there
is good cause to begin such hearing at an earlier date.
26.4b (b) Each committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) shall require each witness who is to appear
before the committee in any hearing to file with the clerk
of the committee, at least one day before the date of the
appearance of that witness, a written statement of his
proposed testimony unless the committee chairman and the
ranking minority member determine that there is good cause
for noncompliance. If so requested by any committee, the
staff
[[Page 43]]
of the committee shall prepare for the use of the members of
the committee before each day of hearing before the
committee a digest of the statements which have been so
filed by witnesses who are to appear before the committee on
that day.
26.4c (c) After the conclusion of each day of hearing, if so
requested by any committee, the staff shall prepare for the
use of the members of the committee a summary of the
testimony given before the committee on that day. After
approval by the chairman and the ranking minority member of
the committee, each such summary may be printed as a part of
the committee hearings if such hearings are ordered by the
committee to be printed.
26.4d (d) Whenever any hearing is conducted by a committee
(except the Committee on Appropriations) upon any measure or
matter, the minority on the committee shall be entitled,
upon request made by a majority of the minority members to
the chairman before the completion of such hearing, to call
witnesses selected by the minority to testify with respect
to the measure or matter during at least one day of hearing
thereon.
26.5a 5. (a) Notwithstanding any other provision of the rules,
when the Senate is in session, no committee of the Senate or
any subcommittee thereof may meet, without special leave,
after the conclusion of the first two hours after the
meeting of the Senate commenced and in no case after two
o'clock postmeridian unless consent therefor has been
obtained from the majority leader and the minority leader
(or in the event of the absence of either of such leaders,
from his designee). The prohibition contained in the
preceding sentence shall not apply to the Committee on
Appropriations or the Committee on the Budget. The majority
leader or his designee shall announce to the Senate whenever
consent has been given under this subparagraph and shall
state the time and place of such meeting. The right to make
such announcement of consent shall have the same priority as
the filing of a cloture motion.
26.5b (b) Each meeting of a committee, or any subcommittee
thereof, including meetings to conduct hearings, shall be
open to the public, except that a meeting or series of
meetings by a committee or a subcommittee thereof on the
same subject for a period of no more than fourteen calendar
days may be closed to the public on a motion made and
seconded to go into closed session to discuss only whether
the matters enumerated in clauses (1) through (6) would
require
[[Page 44]]
the meeting to be closed, followed immediately by a record
vote in open session by a majority of the members of the
committee or subcommittee when it is determined that the
matters to be discussed or the testimony to be taken at such
meeting or meetings--
(1) will disclose matters necessary to be kept
secret in the interests of national defense or the
confidential conduct of the foreign relations of the
United States;
(2) will relate solely to matters of committee
staff personnel or internal staff management or
procedure;
(3) will tend to charge an individual with crime
or misconduct, to disgrace or injure the
professional standing of an individual, or otherwise
to expose an individual to public contempt or
obloquy, or will represent a clearly unwarranted
invasion of the privacy of an individual;
(4) will disclose the identity of any informer
or law enforcement agent or will disclose any
information relating to the investigation or
prosecution of a criminal offense that is required
to be kept secret in the interests of effective law
enforcement;
(5) will disclose information relating to the
trade secrets of financial or commercial information
pertaining specifically to a given person if--
(A) an Act of Congress requires the
information to be kept confidential by
Government officers and employees; or
(B) the information has been obtained by
the Government on a confidential basis,
other than through an application by such
person for a specific Government financial
or other benefit, and is required to be kept
secret in order to prevent undue injury to
the competitive position of such person; or
(6) may divulge matters required to be kept
confidential under other provisions of law or
Government regulations.
26.5c (c) Whenever any hearing conducted by any such committee
or subcommittee is open to the public, that hearing may be
broadcast by radio or television, or both, under such rules
as the committee or subcommittee may adopt.
26.5d (d) Whenever disorder arises during a committee meeting
that is open to the public, or any demonstration of approval
or disapproval is indulged in by any person in attendance at
any such meeting, it shall be the duty of the Chair to
[[Page 45]]
enforce order on his own initiative and without any point of
order being made by a Senator. When the Chair finds it
necessary to maintain order, he shall have the power to
clear the room, and the committee may act in closed session
for so long as there is doubt of the assurance of order.
26.5e (e)(1) \31\ Each committee shall prepare and keep a
complete transcript or electronic recording adequate to
fully record the proceeding of each meeting or conference
whether or not such meeting or any part thereof is closed
under this paragraph, unless a majority of its members vote
to forgo such a record.
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\31\ Subparagraph (e)(1) numbered by Pub. L. 110-81,
Sep. 14, 2007.
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(2)(A) \32\ Except with respect to meetings closed in
accordance with this rule, each committee and subcommittee
shall make publicly available through the Internet a video
recording, audio recording, or transcript of any meeting not
later than 21 business days after the meeting occurs.
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\32\ Clause (2) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007,
effective Dec. 13, 2007.
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(B) Information required by subclause (A) shall be
available until the end of the Congress following the date
of the meeting.
(C) The Committee on Rules and Administration may waive
this clause upon request based on the inability of a
committee or subcommittee to comply with this clause due to
technical or logistical reasons.
26.6 6. Morning meetings of committees and subcommittees
thereof shall be scheduled for one or both of the periods
prescribed in this paragraph. The first period shall end at
eleven o'clock antemeridian. The second period shall begin
at eleven o'clock antemeridian and end at two o'clock
postmeridian.
26.7a 7. (a)(1) Except as provided in this paragraph, each
committee, and each subcommittee thereof is authorized to
fix the number of its members (but not less than one-third
of its entire membership) who shall constitute a quorum
thereof for the transaction of such business as may be
considered by said committee, except that no measure or
matter or recommendation shall be reported from any
committee unless a majority of the committee were physically
present.
(2) Each such committee, or subcommittee, is authorized
to fix a lesser number than one-third of its entire member
[[Page 46]]
ship who shall constitute a quorum thereof for the purpose
of taking sworn testimony.
(3) The vote of any committee to report a measure or
matter shall require the concurrence of a majority of the
members of the committee who are present. No vote of any
member of any committee to report a measure or matter may be
cast by proxy if rules adopted by such committee forbid the
casting of votes for that purpose by proxy; however, proxies
may not be voted when the absent committee member has not
been informed of the matter on which he is being recorded
and has not affirmatively requested that he be so recorded.
Action by any committee in reporting any measure or matter
in accordance with the requirements of this subparagraph
shall constitute the ratification by the committee of all
action theretofore taken by the committee with respect to
that measure or matter, including votes taken upon the
measure or matter or any amendment thereto, and no point of
order shall lie with respect to that measure or matter on
the ground that such previous action with respect thereto by
such committee was not taken in compliance with such
requirements.
26.7b (b) Each committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) shall keep a complete record of all
committee action. Such record shall include a record of the
votes on any question on which a record vote is demanded.
The results of rollcall votes taken in any meeting of any
committee upon any measure, or any amendment thereto, shall
be announced in the committee report on that measure unless
previously announced by the committee, and such announcement
shall include a tabulation of the votes cast in favor of and
the votes cast in opposition to each such measure and
amendment by each member of the committee who was present at
that meeting.
26.7c (c) Whenever any committee by rollcall vote reports any
measure or matter, the report of the committee upon such
measure or matter shall include a tabulation of the votes
cast by each member of the committee in favor of and in
opposition to such measure or matter. Nothing contained in
this subparagraph shall abrogate the power of any committee
to adopt rules--
(1) providing for proxy voting on all matters
other than the reporting of a measure or matter, or
(2) providing in accordance with subparagraph
(a) for a lesser number as a quorum for any action
other than the reporting of a measure or matter.
[[Page 47]]
26.8a 8. (a) In order to assist the Senate in--
(1) its analysis, appraisal, and evaluation of
the application, administration, and execution of
the laws enacted by the Congress, and
(2) its formulation, consideration, and
enactment of such modifications of or changes in
those laws, and of such additional legislation, as
may be necessary or appropriate, each standing
committee (except the Committees on Appropriations
and the Budget), shall review and study, on a
continuing basis the application, administration,
and execution of those laws, or parts of laws, the
subject matter of which is within the legislative
jurisdiction of that committee. Such committees may
carry out the required analysis, appraisal, and
evaluation themselves, or by contract, or may
require a government agency to do so and furnish a
report thereon to the Senate. Such committees may
rely on such techniques as pilot testing, analysis
of costs in comparison with benefits, or provision
for evaluation after a defined period of time.
26.8b (b) In each odd-numbered year, each such committee shall
submit, not later than March 31, to the Senate, a report on
the activities of that committee under this paragraph during
the Congress ending at noon on January 3 of such year.
26.9a 9.\33\ (a) Except as provided in subparagraph (b), each
committee shall report one authorization resolution each
year authorizing the committee to make expenditures out of
the contingent fund of the Senate to defray its expenses,
including the compensation of members of its staff and
agency contributions related to such compensation, during
the period beginning on March 1 of such year and ending on
the last day of February of the following year. Such annual
authorization resolution shall be reported not later than
January 31 of each year, except that, whenever the
designation of members of standing committees of the Senate
occurs during the first session of a Congress at a date
later than January 20, such resolution may be reported at
any time within thirty days after the date on which the
designation of such members is completed. After the annual
authorization resolution of a committee for a year has been
agreed to, such committee may procure authorization to make
additional expenditures out of the contingent
[[Page 48]]
fund of the Senate during that year only by reporting a
supplemental authorization resolution. Each supplemental
authorization resolution reported by a committee shall amend
the annual authorization resolution of such committee for
that year and shall be accompanied by a report specifying
with particularity the purpose for which such authorization
is sought and the reason why such authorization could not
have been sought at the time of the submission by such
committee of its annual authorization resolution for that
year.
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\33\ As amended by S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980,
effective Jan. 1, 1981; S. Res. 479, 100-2, Sept. 30, 1988.
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26.9b (b) In lieu of the procedure provided in subparagraph
(a), the Committee on Rules and Administration may--
(1) direct each committee to report an
authorization resolution for a two year budget
period beginning on March 1 of the first session of
a Congress; and
(2) report one authorization resolution
containing more than one committee authorization for
a one year or two year budget period.
26.10a 10. (a) All committee hearings, records, data, charts,
and files shall be kept separate and distinct from the
congressional office records of the Member serving as
chairman of the committee; and such records shall be the
property of the Senate and all members of the committee and
the Senate shall have access to such records. Each committee
is authorized to have printed and bound such testimony and
other data presented at hearings held by the committee.
26.10b (b) It shall be the duty of the chairman of each
committee to report or cause to be reported promptly to the
Senate any measure approved by his committee and to take or
cause to be taken necessary steps to bring the matter to a
vote. In any event, the report of any committee upon a
measure which has been approved by the committee shall be
filed within seven calendar days (exclusive of days on which
the Senate is not in session) after the day on which there
has been filed with the clerk of the committee a written and
signed request of a majority of the committee for the
reporting of that measure. Upon the filing of any such
request, the clerk of the committee shall transmit
immediately to the chairman of the committee notice of the
filing of that request. This subparagraph does not apply to
the Committee on Appropriations.
26.10c (c) If at the time of approval of a measure or matter by
any committee (except for the Committee on Appropriations),
any member of the committee gives notice of inten
[[Page 49]]
tion to file supplemental, minority, or additional views,
that member shall be entitled to not less than three
calendar days in which to file such views, in writing, with
the clerk of the committee. All such views so filed by one
or more members of the committee shall be included within,
and shall be a part of, the report filed by the committee
with respect to that measure or matter. The report of the
committee upon that measure or matter shall be printed in a
single volume which--
(1) shall include all supplemental, minority, or
additional views which have been submitted by the
time of the filing of the report, and
(2) shall bear upon its cover a recital that
supplemental, minority, or additional views are
included as part of the report.
This subparagraph does not preclude--
(A) the immediate filing and printing of a
committee report unless timely request for the
opportunity to file supplemental, minority, or
additional views has been made as provided by this
subparagraph; or
(B) the filing by any such committee of any
supplemental report upon any measure or matter which
may be required for the correction of any technical
error in a previous report made by that committee
upon that measure or matter.
26.11a 11. (a) The report accompanying each bill or joint
resolution of a public character reported by any committee
(except the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on
the Budget) shall contain--
(1) an estimate, made by such committee, of the
costs which would be incurred in carrying out such
bill or joint resolution in the fiscal year in which
it is reported and in each of the five fiscal years
following such fiscal year (or for the authorized
duration of any program authorized by such bill or
joint resolution, if less than five years), except
that, in the case of measures affecting the
revenues, such reports shall require only an
estimate of the gain or loss in revenues for a one-
year period; and
(2) a comparison of the estimate of costs
described in subparagraph (1) made by such committee
with any estimate of costs made by any Federal
agency; or
[[Page 50]]
(3) in lieu of such estimate or comparison, or
both, a statement of the reasons why compliance by
the committee with the requirements of subparagraph
(1) or (2), or both, is impracticable.
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Note.--Each report accompanying any bill or joint
resolution relating to terms and conditions of employment or
access to public services or accommodations reported by a
committee of the House of Representatives or the Senate
shall describe the manner in which the provisions of the
bill or joint resolution apply to the legislative branch; or
in the case of a provision not applicable to the legislative
branch, include a statement of the reasons the provision
does not apply.
(Pub. L. 104-1, Title I, Sec. 102, Jan. 23, 1995, 2 U.S.C.
1302.)
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26.11b (b) Each such report (except those by the Committee on
Appropriations) shall also contain--
(1) an evaluation, made by such committee, of
the regulatory impact which would be incurred in
carrying out the bill or joint resolution. The
evaluation shall include (A) an estimate of the
numbers of individuals and businesses who would be
regulated and a determination of the groups and
classes of such individuals and businesses, (B) a
determination of the economic impact of such
regulation on the individuals, consumers, and
businesses affected, (C) a determination of the
impact on the personal privacy of the individuals
affected, and (D) a determination of the amount of
additional paperwork that will result from the
regulations to be promulgated pursuant to the bill
or joint resolution, which determination may
include, but need not be limited to, estimates of
the amount of time and financial costs required of
affected parties, showing whether the effects of the
bill or joint resolution could be substantial, as
well as reasonable estimates of the recordkeeping
requirements that may be associated with the bill or
joint resolution; or
(2) in lieu of such evaluation, a statement of
the reasons why compliance by the committee with the
requirements of clause (1) is impracticable.
26.11c (c) It shall not be in order for the Senate to consider
any such bill or joint resolution if the report of the
committee on such bill or joint resolution does not comply
with the provisions of subparagraphs (a) and (b) on the
objection of any Senator.
26.12 12. Whenever a committee reports a bill or a joint
resolution repealing or amending any statute or part thereof
it shall make a report thereon and shall include in such
report or in an accompanying document (to be prepared by
[[Page 51]]
the staff of such committee) (a) the text of the statute or
part thereof which is proposed to be repealed; and (b) a
comparative print of that part of the bill or joint
resolution making the amendment and of the statute or part
thereof proposed to be amended, showing by stricken-through
type and italics, parallel columns, or other appropriate
typographical devices the omissions and insertions which
would be made by the bill or joint resolution if enacted in
the form recommended by the committee. This paragraph shall
not apply to any such report in which it is stated that, in
the opinion of the committee, it is necessary to dispense
with the requirements of this subsection to expedite the
business of the Senate.
26.13a 13. (a) Each committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) which has legislative jurisdiction shall, in
its consideration of all bills and joint resolutions of a
public character within its jurisdiction, endeavor to insure
that--
(1) all continuing programs of the Federal
Government and of the government of the District of
Columbia, within the jurisdiction of such committee
or joint committee, are designed; and
(2) all continuing activities of Federal
agencies, within the jurisdiction of such committee
or joint committee, are carried on; so that, to the
extent consistent with the nature, requirements, and
objectives of those programs and activities,
appropriations therefor will be made annually.
26.13b (b) Each committee (except the Committee on
Appropriations) shall with respect to any continuing program
within its jurisdiction for which appropriations are not
made annually, review such program, from time to time, in
order to ascertain whether such program could be modified so
that appropriations therefor would be made annually.
27 RULE XXVII
COMMITTEE STAFF
27.1 1.\34\ Staff members appointed to assist minority
members of committees pursuant to authority of a resolution
described in paragraph 9 of rule XXVI or other Senate
resolution shall be accorded equitable treatment with
respect to
[[Page 52]]
the fixing of salary rates, the assignment of facilities,
and the accessibility of committee records.
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\34\ As amended by S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980,
effective Feb. 28, 1981, paragraph 1 of rule XXVII was
repealed. Accordingly, subparagraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d)
of paragraph 2 were renumbered as paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 4,
respectively.
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27.2 2. The minority shall receive fair consideration in the
appointment of staff personnel pursuant to authority of a
resolution described in paragraph 9 of rule XXVI.
27.3 3. The staffs of committees (including personnel
appointed pursuant to authority of a resolution described in
paragraph 9 of rule XXVI or other Senate resolution) should
reflect the relative number of majority and minority members
of committees. A majority of the minority members of any
committee may, by resolution, request that at least one-
third of all funds of the committee for personnel (other
than those funds determined by the chairman and ranking
minority member to be allocated for the administrative and
clerical functions of the committee as a whole) be allocated
to the minority members of such committee for compensation
of minority staff as the minority members may decide. The
committee shall thereafter adjust its budget to comply with
such resolution. Such adjustment shall be equitably made
over a four-year period, commencing July 1, 1977, with not
less than one-half being made in two years. Upon request by
a majority of the minority members of any committee by
resolution, proportionate space, equipment, and facilities
shall be provided for such minority staff.
27.4 4. No committee shall appoint to its staff any experts
or other personnel detailed or assigned from any department
or agency of the Government, except with the written
permission of the Committee on Rules and Administration.
28 RULE XXVIII
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES; REPORTS; OPEN MEETINGS
28.1 1.\35\ The presentation of reports of committees of
conference shall always be in order when available on each
Senator's desk except when the Journal is being read or a
question of order or a motion to adjourn is pending, or
while the Senate is voting or ascertaining the presence of a
quorum; and when received the question of proceeding to the
consideration of the report, if raised, shall be immediately
put, and shall be determined without debate.
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\35\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
[[Page 53]]
28.2a 2.\36\ (a) When a message from the House of
Representatives is laid before the Senate, it shall be in
order for a single, non-divisible motion to be made that
includes--
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\36\ Paragraph 2 added by S. Res. 16, 113-1, Jan. 24,
2013.
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(1) a motion to disagree to a House amendment
or insist upon a Senate amendment;
(2) a motion to request a committee of
conference with the House or to agree to a request
by the House for a committee of conference; and
(3) a motion to authorize the Presiding
Officer to appoint conferees (or a motion to appoint
conferees).
28.2b (b) If a cloture motion is presented on a motion made
pursuant to subparagraph (a), the motion shall be debatable
for no more than 2 hours, equally divided in the usual form,
after which the Presiding Officer, or the clerk at the
direction of the Presiding Officer, shall lay the motion
before the Senate. If cloture is then invoked on the motion,
the question shall be on the motion, without further debate.
28.3a 3. (a) \37\ Conferees shall not insert in their report
matter not committed to them by either House, nor shall they
strike from the bill matter agreed to by both Houses.
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\37\ Paragraphs 3 and 4 amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007, and paragraphs 5 and 6 were added. Paragraphs 3
through 6 renumbered and amended by S. Res. 16, 113-1, Jan.
24, 2013.
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28.3b (b) If matter which was agreed to by both Houses is
stricken from the bill a point of order may be made against
the report, and if the point of order is sustained, the
report is rejected or shall be recommitted to the committee
of conference if the House of Representatives has not
already acted thereon.
28.3c (c) If new matter is inserted in the report, a point of
order may be made against the conference report and it shall
be disposed of as provided under paragraph 5.
28.4a 4. (a) In any case in which a disagreement to an
amendment in the nature of a substitute has been referred to
conferees--
(1) it shall be in order for the conferees to
report a substitute on the same subject matter;
(2) the conferees may not include in the report
matter not committed to them by either House; and
(3) the conferees may include in their report in
any such case matter which is a germane modification
of subjects in disagreement.
28.4b (b) In any case in which the conferees violate
subparagraph (a), a point of order may be made against the
con
[[Page 54]]
ference report and it shall be disposed of as provided under
paragraph 5.
28.5a 5. (a) A Senator may raise a point of order that one or
more provisions of a conference report violates paragraph 3
or paragraph 4, as the case may be. The Presiding Officer
may sustain the point of order as to some or all of the
provisions against which the Senator raised the point of
order.
28.5b (b) If the Presiding Officer sustains the point of order
as to any of the provisions against which the Senator raised
the point of order, then those provisions against which the
Presiding Officer sustains the point of order shall be
stricken. After all other points of order under this
paragraph have been disposed of--
(1) the Senate shall proceed to consider the
question of whether the Senate should recede from
its amendment to the House bill, or its disagreement
to the amendment of the House, and concur with a
further amendment, which further amendment shall
consist of only that portion of the conference
report that has not been stricken;
(2) the question in clause (1) shall be decided
under the same debate limitation as the conference
report; and
(3) no further amendment shall be in order.
28.6a 6. (a) Any Senator may move to waive any or all points
of order under paragraph 3 or 4 with respect to the pending
conference report by an affirmative vote of three-fifths of
the Members, duly chosen and sworn. All motions to waive
under this paragraph shall be debatable collectively for not
to exceed 1 hour equally divided between the Majority Leader
and the Minority Leader or their designees. A motion to
waive all points of order under this paragraph shall not be
amendable.
28.6b (b) All appeals from rulings of the Chair under
paragraph 5 shall be debatable collectively for not to
exceed 1 hour, equally divided between the Majority and the
Minority Leader or their designees. An affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members of the Senate, duly chosen and
sworn, shall be required in the Senate to sustain an appeal
of the ruling of the Chair under paragraph 5.
[[Page 55]]
28.7 7.\38\ Each report made by a committee of conference to
the Senate shall be printed as a report of the Senate. As so
printed, such report shall be accompanied by an explanatory
statement prepared jointly by the conferees on the part of
the House and the conferees on the part of the Senate. Such
statement shall be sufficiently detailed and explicit to
inform the Senate as to the effect which the amendments or
propositions contained in such report will have upon the
measure to which those amendments or propositions relate.
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\38\ Paragraphs 7 through 9 renumbered by Pub. L. 110-
81, Sep. 14, 2007, and paragraph 10 was added. Paragraphs 7
through 10 renumbered by S. Res. 16, 113-1, Jan. 24, 2013.
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28.8 8. If time for debate in the consideration of any report
of a committee of conference upon the floor of the Senate is
limited, the time allotted for debate shall be equally
divided between the majority party and the minority party.
28.9 9. Each conference committee between the Senate and the
House of Representatives shall be open to the public except
when managers of either the Senate or the House of
Representatives in open session determine by a rollcall vote
of a majority of those managers present, that all or part of
the remainder of the meeting on the day of the vote shall be
closed to the public.
28.10a 10. (a)(1) It shall not be in order to vote on the
adoption of a report of a committee of conference unless
such report has been available to Members and to the general
public for at least 48 hours before such vote. If a point of
order is sustained under this paragraph, then the conference
report shall be set aside.
(2) For purposes of this paragraph, a report of a
committee of conference is made available to the general
public as of the time it is posted on a publicly accessible
website controlled by a Member, committee, Library of
Congress, or other office of Congress, or the Government
Printing Office, as reported to the Presiding Officer by the
Secretary of the Senate.
28.10b (b)(1) This paragraph may be waived in the Senate with
respect to the pending conference report by an affirmative
vote of three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and sworn.
A motion to waive this paragraph shall be debatable for not
to exceed 1 hour equally divided between the Majority Leader
and the Minority Leader or their designees.
(2) An affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members,
duly chosen and sworn, shall be required to sustain an
[[Page 56]]
appeal of the ruling of the Chair on a point of order raised
under this paragraph. An appeal of the ruling of the Chair
shall be debatable for not to exceed 1 hour equally divided
between the Majority and the Minority Leader or their
designees.
28.10c (c) This paragraph may be waived by joint agreement of
the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader of the Senate,
upon their certification that such waiver is necessary as a
result of a significant disruption to Senate facilities or
to the availability of the Internet.
29 RULE XXIX
EXECUTIVE SESSIONS
29.1 1. When the President of the United States shall meet
the Senate in the Senate Chamber for the consideration of
Executive business, he shall have a seat on the right of the
Presiding Officer. When the Senate shall be convened by the
President of the United States to any other place, the
Presiding Officer of the Senate and the Senators shall
attend at the place appointed, with the necessary officers
of the Senate.
29.2 2. When acting upon confidential or Executive business,
unless the same shall be considered in open Executive
session, the Senate Chamber shall be cleared of all persons
except the Secretary, the Assistant Secretary, the Principal
Legislative Clerk, the Parliamentarian, the Executive Clerk,
the Minute and Journal Clerk, the Sergeant at Arms, the
Secretaries to the Majority and the Minority, and such other
officers as the Presiding Officer shall think necessary; and
all such officers shall be sworn to secrecy.
29.3 3. All confidential communications made by the President
of the United States to the Senate shall be by the Senators
and the officers of the Senate kept secret; and all treaties
which may be laid before the Senate, and all remarks, votes,
and proceedings thereon shall also be kept secret, until the
Senate shall, by their resolution, take off the injunction
of secrecy.
29.4 4. Whenever the injunction of secrecy shall be removed
from any part of the proceedings of the Senate in closed
Executive or legislative session, the order of the Senate
removing the same shall be entered in the Legislative
Journal as well as in the Executive Journal, and shall be
published in the Congressional Record under the direction of
the Secretary of the Senate.
[[Page 57]]
29.5 5.\39\ Any Senator, officer or employee of the Senate
who shall disclose the secret or confidential business or
proceedings of the Senate, including the business and
proceedings of the committees, subcommittees and offices of
the Senate shall be liable, if a Senator, to suffer
expulsion from the body; and if an officer or employee, to
dismissal from the service of the Senate, and to punishment
for contempt.
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\39\ As amended by S. Res. 363, 102-2, Oct. 8, 1992.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
29.6 6. Whenever, by the request of the Senate or any
committee thereof, any documents or papers shall be
communicated to the Senate by the President or the head of
any department relating to any matter pending in the Senate,
the proceedings in regard to which are secret or
confidential under the rules, said documents and papers
shall be considered as confidential, and shall not be
disclosed without leave of the Senate.
30 RULE XXX
EXECUTIVE SESSION--PROCEEDINGS ON TREATIES
30.1a 1. (a) When a treaty shall be laid before the Senate for
ratification, it shall be read a first time; and no motion
in respect to it shall be in order, except to refer it to a
committee, to print it in confidence for the use of the
Senate, or to remove the injunction of secrecy.
30.1b (b) \40\ When a treaty is reported from a committee with
or without amendment, it shall, unless the Senate
unanimously otherwise directs, lie over one day for
consideration; after which it may be read a second time,
after which amendments may be proposed. At any stage of such
proceedings the Senate may remove the injunction of secrecy
from the treaty.
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\40\ As amended by S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
30.1c (c) The decisions thus made shall be reduced to the form
of a resolution of ratification, with or without amendments,
as the case may be, which shall be proposed on a subsequent
day, unless, by unanimous consent, the Senate determine
otherwise, at which stage no amendment to the treaty shall
be received unless by unanimous consent; but the resolution
of ratification when pending shall be open to amendment in
the form of reservations, declarations, statements, or
understandings.
30.1d (d) On the final question to advise and consent to the
ratification in the form agreed to, the concurrence of two-
[[Page 58]]
thirds of the Senators present shall be necessary to
determine it in the affirmative; but all other motions and
questions upon a treaty shall be decided by a majority vote,
except a motion to postpone indefinitely, which shall be
decided by a vote of two-thirds.
30.2 2. Treaties transmitted by the President to the Senate
for ratification shall be resumed at the second or any
subsequent session of the same Congress at the stage in
which they were left at the final adjournment of the session
at which they were transmitted; but all proceedings on
treaties shall terminate with the Congress, and they shall
be resumed at the commencement of the next Congress as if no
proceedings had previously been had thereon.
31 RULE XXXI
EXECUTIVE SESSION--PROCEEDINGS ON NOMINATIONS
31.1 1. When nominations shall be made by the President of
the United States to the Senate, they shall, unless
otherwise ordered, be referred to appropriate committees;
and the final question on every nomination shall be, ``Will
the Senate advise and consent to this nomination?'' which
question shall not be put on the same day on which the
nomination is received, nor on the day on which it may be
reported by a committee, unless by unanimous consent.
31.2 2. All business in the Senate shall be transacted in
open session, unless the Senate as provided in rule XXI by a
majority vote shall determine that a particular nomination,
treaty, or other matter shall be considered in closed
executive session, in which case all subsequent proceedings
with respect to said nomination, treaty, or other matter
shall be kept secret: Provided, That the injunction of
secrecy as to the whole or any part of proceedings in closed
executive session may be removed on motion adopted by a
majority vote of the Senate in closed executive session:
Provided further, That any Senator may make public his vote
in closed executive session.
31.3 3. When a nomination is confirmed or rejected, any
Senator voting in the majority may move for a
reconsideration on the same day on which the vote was taken,
or on either of the next two days of actual executive
session of the Senate; but if a notification of the
confirmation or rejection of a nomination shall have been
sent to the President before the expiration of the time
within which a motion to reconsider may be made, the motion
to reconsider shall
[[Page 59]]
be accompanied by a motion to request the President to
return such notification to the Senate. Any motion to
reconsider the vote on a nomination may be laid on the table
without prejudice to the nomination, and shall be a final
disposition of such motion.
31.4 4. Nominations confirmed or rejected by the Senate shall
not be returned by the Secretary to the President until the
expiration of the time limited for making a motion to
reconsider the same, or while a motion to reconsider is
pending unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.
31.5 5. When the Senate shall adjourn or take a recess for
more than thirty days, all motions to reconsider a vote upon
a nomination which has been confirmed or rejected by the
Senate, which shall be pending at the time of taking such
adjournment or recess, shall fall; and the Secretary shall
return all such nominations to the President as confirmed or
rejected by the Senate, as the case may be.
31.6 6. Nominations neither confirmed nor rejected during the
session at which they are made shall not be acted upon at
any succeeding session without being again made to the
Senate by the President; and if the Senate shall adjourn or
take a recess for more than thirty days, all nominations
pending and not finally acted upon at the time of taking
such adjournment or recess shall be returned by the
Secretary to the President, and shall not again be
considered unless they shall again be made to the Senate by
the President.
31.7a 7. (a) The Official Reporters shall be furnished with a
list of nominations to office after the proceedings of the
day on which they are received, and a like list of all
confirmations and rejections.
31.7b (b) All nominations to office shall be prepared for the
printer by the Official Reporter, and printed in the
Congressional Record, after the proceedings of the day in
which they are received, also nominations recalled, and
confirmed.
31.7c (c) The Secretary shall furnish to the press, and to the
public upon request, the names of nominees confirmed or
rejected on the day on which a final vote shall be had,
except when otherwise ordered by the Senate.
[[Page 60]]
32 RULE XXXII
THE PRESIDENT FURNISHED WITH COPIES OF RECORDS OF EXECUTIVE
SESSIONS
The President of the United States shall, from time to
time, be furnished with an authenticated transcript of the
public executive records of the Senate, but no further
extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished by the
Secretary, except by special order of the Senate; and no
paper, except original treaties transmitted to the Senate by
the President of the United States, and finally acted upon
by the Senate, shall be delivered from the office of the
Secretary without an order of the Senate for that purpose.
33 RULE XXXIII
SENATE CHAMBER--SENATE WING OF THE CAPITOL
33.1 1. The Senate Chamber shall not be granted for any other
purpose than for the use of the Senate; no smoking shall be
permitted at any time on the floor of the Senate, or lighted
cigars, cigarettes, or pipes be brought into the Chamber.
33.2 2. It shall be the duty of the Committee on Rules and
Administration to make all rules and regulations respecting
such parts of the Capitol, its passages and galleries,
including the restaurant and the Senate Office Buildings, as
are or may be set apart for the use of the Senate and its
officers, to be enforced under the direction of the
Presiding Officer. The Committee shall make such regulations
respecting the reporters' galleries of the Senate, together
with the adjoining rooms and facilities, as will confine
their occupancy and use to bona fide reporters of newspapers
and periodicals, and of news or press associations for daily
news dissemination through radio, television, wires, and
cables, and similar media of transmission. These regulations
shall so provide for the use of such space and facilities as
fairly to distribute their use to all such media of news
dissemination.
34 RULE XXXIV
PUBLIC FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
34.1 1. For purposes of this rule, the provisions of Title I
of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 shall be deemed to
[[Page 61]]
be a rule of the Senate as it pertains to Members, officers,
and employees of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note.--Financial disclosure requirements contained in
the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 as amended are codified
at 5 U.S.C. app. Sec. 101--111.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
34.2a 2. (a) \41\ The Select Committee on Ethics shall
transmit a copy of each report filed with it under Title I
of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (other than a report
filed by a Member of Congress) to the head of the employing
office of the individual filing the report.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\41\ Paragraph 2 added by S. Res. 236, 101-2, Jan. 30,
1990.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
34.2b (b) For purposes of this rule, the head of the employing
office shall be--
(1) in the case of an employee of a Member, the
Member by whom that person is employed;
(2) in the case of an employee of a Committee,
the chairman and ranking minority member of such
Committee;
(3) in the case of an employee on the leadership
staff, the Member of the leadership on whose staff
such person serves; and
(4) in the case of any other employee of the
legislative branch, the head of the office in which
such individual serves.
34.3 3.\42\ In addition to the requirements of paragraph 1,
Members, officers, and employees of the Senate shall include
in each report filed under paragraph 1\43\ the following
additional information:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\42\ Paragraphs 3 and 4 added by S. Res. 158, 104-1,
July 28, 1995, effective Jan. 1, 1996, as amended by S. Res.
198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
\43\ Renumbered by S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
34.3a
(a) For purposes of section 102(a)(1)(B) of the
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 additional
categories of income as follows:
(1) greater than $1,000,000 but not more
than $5,000,000, or
(2) greater than $5,000,000.
34.3b
(b) For purposes of section 102(d)(1) of the
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 additional
categories of value\44\ as follows:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\44\ Amended to strike ``income'' and insert ``value''
by S. Res. 198; 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) greater than $1,000,000 but not more
than $5,000,000;
(2) greater than $5,000,000 but not more
than $25,000,000;
[[Page 62]]
(3) greater than $25,000,000 but not
more than $50,000,000; and
(4) greater than $50,000,000.
34.3c
(c) For purposes of this paragraph and section
102 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978,
additional categories with amounts or values greater
than $1,000,000 set forth in section 102(a)(1)(B)
and 102(d)(1) shall apply to the income, assets, or
liabilities of spouses and dependent children only
if the income, assets, or liabilities are held
jointly with the reporting individual. All other
income, assets, or liabilities of the spouse or
dependent children required to be reported under
section 102 and this paragraph in an amount of value
greater than $1,000,000 shall be categorized only as
an amount or value greater than $1,000,000.
34.4 4.\45\ In addition to the requirements of paragraph 1,
Members, officers, and employees of the Senate shall include
in each report filed under paragraph 1 \46\ an additional
statement under section 102(a) of the Ethics in Government
Act of 1978 listing the category of the total cash value of
any interest of the reporting individual in a qualified
blind trust as provided in section 102(d)(1) of the Ethics
in Government Act of 1978, unless the trust instrument was
executed prior to July 24, 1995 and precludes the
beneficiary from receiving information on the total cash
value of any interest in the qualified blind trust.
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\45\ Effective with respect to reports filed under Title
I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 for calendar year
1996 and thereafter.
\46\ Renumbered by S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
35 RULE XXXV
GIFTS \47\
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\47\ Amended by S. Res. 158, 104-1, July 28, 1995,
effective Jan. 1, 1996.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
35.1a 1. (a)(1) No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate
shall knowingly accept a gift except as provided in this
rule.
(2)(A) \48\ A Member, officer, or employee may accept a
gift (other than cash or cash equivalent) which the Member,
officer, or employee reasonably and in good faith believes
to have a value of less than $50, and a cumulative value
from one source during a calendar year of less than $100. No
gift with a value below $10 shall count toward
[[Page 63]]
the $100 annual limit. No formal recordkeeping is required
by this paragraph, but a Member, officer, or employee shall
make a good faith effort to comply with this paragraph.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\48\ Subclause (A) relettered and subclause (B) added by
Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) A Member, officer, or employee may not knowingly
accept a gift from a registered lobbyist, an agent of a
foreign principal, or a private entity that retains or
employs a registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign
principal, except as provided in subparagraphs (c) and (d).
35.1b (b)(1) For the purpose of this rule, the term ``gift''
means any gratuity, favor, discount, entertainment,
hospitality, loan, forbearance, or other item having
monetary value. The term includes gifts of services,
training, transportation, lodging, and meals, whether
provided in kind, by purchase of a ticket, payment in
advance, or reimbursement after the expense has been
incurred.
(2)(A) A gift to a family member of a Member, officer,
or employee, or a gift to any other individual based on that
individual's relationship with the Member, officer, or
employee, shall be considered a gift to the Member, officer,
or employee if it is given with the knowledge and
acquiescence of the Member, officer, or employee and the
Member, officer, or employee has reason to believe the gift
was given because of the official position of the Member,
officer, or employee.
(B) If food or refreshment is provided at the same time
and place to both a Member, officer, or employee and the
spouse or dependent thereof, only the food or refreshment
provided to the Member, officer, or employee shall be
treated as a gift for purposes of this rule.
35.1c (c) The restrictions in subparagraph (a) shall not apply
to the following:
(1)(A) \49\ Anything for which the Member,
officer, or employee pays the market value, or does
not use and promptly returns to the donor.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\49\ Subclause (A) renumbered and subclause (B) added by
Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) The market value of a ticket to an
entertainment or sporting event shall be the face
value of the ticket or, in the case of a ticket
without a face value, the value of the ticket with
the highest face value for the event, except that if
a ticket holder can establish in advance of the
event to the Select Committee on Ethics that the
ticket at issue is equivalent to another ticket with
a face value, then the
[[Page 64]]
market value shall be set at the face value of the
equivalent ticket. In establishing equivalency, the
ticket holder shall provide written and
independently verifiable information related to the
primary features of the ticket, including, at a
minimum, the seat location, access to parking,
availability of food and refreshments, and access to
venue areas not open to the public. The Select
Committee on Ethics may make a determination of
equivalency only if such information is provided in
advance of the event.
(C)(i) \50\ Fair market value for a flight on an
aircraft described in item (ii) shall be the pro
rata share of the fair market value of the normal
and usual charter fare or rental charge for a
comparable plane of comparable size, as determined
by dividing such cost by the number of Members,
officers, or employees of Congress on the flight.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\50\ Subclause (C) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) A flight on an aircraft described in this
item is any flight on an aircraft that is not--
(I) operated or paid for by an air
carrier or commercial operator certificated
by the Federal Aviation Administration and
required to be conducted under air carrier
safety rules; or
(II) in the case of travel which is
abroad, an air carrier or commercial
operator certificated by an appropriate
foreign civil aviation authority and the
flight is required to be conducted under air
carrier safety rules.
(iii) This subclause shall not apply to an
aircraft owned or leased by a governmental entity or
by a Member of Congress or a Member's immediate
family member (including an aircraft owned by an
entity that is not a public corporation in which the
Member or Member's immediate family member has an
ownership interest), provided that the Member does
not use the aircraft any more than the Member's or
immediate family member's proportionate share of
ownership allows.
(2) A contribution, as defined in the Federal
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.)
\51\ that is lawfully made under that Act, or
attendance at a fundraising event sponsored by a
political organi
[[Page 65]]
zation described in section 527(e) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986.
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\51\ 2 U.S.C. 431 et seq. was recodified as 52 U.S.C.
30101 et seq.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(3) A gift from a relative as described in
section 109(16) of Title I of the Ethics Reform Act
of 1989 (5 U.S.C. App. 6).\52\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\52\ As amended by S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4)(A) Anything, including personal
hospitality,\53\ provided by an individual on the
basis of a personal friendship unless the Member,
officer, or employee has reason to believe that,
under the circumstances, the gift was provided
because of the official position of the Member,
officer, or employee and not because of the personal
friendship.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\53\ The phrase ``including personal hospitality''
inserted by S. Res. 198, 104-1, Dec. 7, 1995.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B) In determining whether a gift is provided on
the basis of personal friendship, the Member,
officer, or employee shall consider the
circumstances under which the gift was offered, such
as:
(i) The history of the relationship
between the individual giving the gift and
the recipient of the gift, including any
previous exchange of gifts between such
individuals.
(ii) Whether to the actual knowledge of
the Member, officer, or employee the
individual who gave the gift personally paid
for the gift or sought a tax deduction or
business reimbursement for the gift.
(iii) Whether to the actual knowledge of
the Member, officer, or employee the
individual who gave the gift also at the
same time gave the same or similar gifts to
other Members, officers, or employees.
(5) A contribution or other payment to a legal
expense fund established for the benefit of a
Member, officer, or employee, that is otherwise
lawfully made, subject to the disclosure
requirements of the Select Committee on Ethics,
except as provided in paragraph 3(c).
(6) Any gift from another Member, officer, or
employee of the Senate or the House of
Representatives.
(7) Food, refreshments, lodging, and other
benefits--
(A) resulting from the outside business
or employment activities (or other outside
activities
[[Page 66]]
that are not connected to the duties of the
Member, officer, or employee as an
officeholder) of the Member, officer or
employee, or the spouse of the Member,
officer, or employee, if such benefits have
not been offered or enhanced because of the
official position of the Member, officer, or
employee and are customarily provided to
others in similar circumstances;
(B) customarily provided by a
prospective employer in connection with bona
fide employment discussions; or
(C) provided by a political organization
described in section 527(e) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 in connection with a
fundraising or campaign event sponsored by
such an organization.
(8) Pension and other benefits resulting from
continued participation in an employee welfare and
benefits plan maintained by a former employer.
(9) Informational materials that are sent to the
office of the Member, officer, or employee in the
form of books, articles, periodicals, other written
materials, audiotapes, videotapes, or other forms of
communication.
(10) Awards or prizes which are given to
competitors in contests or events open to the
public, including random drawings.
(11) Honorary degrees (and associated travel,
food, refreshments, and entertainment) and other
bona fide, nonmonetary awards presented in
recognition of public service (and associated food,
refreshments, and entertainment provided in the
presentation of such degrees and awards).
(12) Donations of products from the State that
the Member represents that are intended primarily
for promotional purposes, such as display or free
distribution, and are of minimal value to any
individual recipient.
(13) Training (including food and refreshments
furnished to all attendees as an integral part of
the training) provided to a Member, officer, or
employee, if such training is in the interest of the
Senate.
(14) Bequests, inheritances, and other transfers
at death.
[[Page 67]]
(15) Any item, the receipt of which is
authorized by the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act,
the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act, or
any other statute.
(16) Anything which is paid for by the Federal
Government, by a State or local government, or
secured by the Government under a Government
contract.
(17) A gift of personal hospitality (as defined
in section 109(14) of the Ethics in Government Act)
of an individual other than a registered lobbyist or
agent of a foreign principal.
(18) Free attendance at a widely attended event
permitted pursuant to subparagraph (d).
(19) Opportunities and benefits which are--
(A) available to the public or to a
class consisting of all Federal employees,
whether or not restricted on the basis of
geographic consideration;
(B) offered to members of a group or
class in which membership is unrelated to
congressional employment;
(C) offered to members of an
organization, such as an employees'
association or congressional credit union,
in which membership is related to
congressional employment and similar
opportunities are available to large
segments of the public through organizations
of similar size;
(D) offered to any group or class that
is not defined in a manner that specifically
discriminates among Government employees on
the basis of branch of Government or type of
responsibility, or on a basis that favors
those of higher rank or rate of pay;
(E) in the form of loans from banks and
other financial institutions on terms
generally available to the public; or
(F) in the form of reduced membership or
other fees for participation in organization
activities offered to all Government
employees by professional organizations if
the only restrictions on membership relate
to professional qualifications.
(20) A plaque, trophy, or other item that is
substantially commemorative in nature and which is
intended solely for presentation.
[[Page 68]]
(21) Anything for which, in an unusual case, a
waiver is granted by the Select Committee on Ethics.
(22) Food or refreshments of a nominal value
offered other than as a part of a meal.
(23) An item of little intrinsic value such as a
greeting card, baseball cap, or a T-shirt.
(24) \54\ Subject to the restrictions in
subparagraph (a)(2)(A), free attendance at a
constituent event permitted pursuant to subparagraph
(g).
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\54\ Clause (24) was added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
35.1d (d)(1) A Member, officer, or employee may accept an
offer of free attendance at a widely attended convention,
conference, symposium, forum, panel discussion, dinner,
viewing, reception, or similar event, provided by the
sponsor of the event, if--
(A) the Member, officer, or employee
participates in the event as a speaker or a panel
participant, by presenting information related to
Congress or matters before Congress, or by
performing a ceremonial function appropriate to the
Member's, officer's, or employee's official
position; or
(B) attendance at the event is appropriate to
the performance of the official duties or
representative function of the Member, officer, or
employee.
(2) A Member, officer, or employee who attends an event
described in clause (1) may accept a sponsor's unsolicited
offer of free attendance at the event for an accompanying
individual if others in attendance will generally be
similarly accompanied or if such attendance is appropriate
to assist in the representation of the Senate.
(3) A Member, officer, or employee, or the spouse or
dependent thereof, may accept a sponsor's unsolicited offer
of free attendance at a charity event, except that
reimbursement for transportation and lodging may not be
accepted in connection with an event that does not meet the
standards provided in paragraph 2.
(4) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``free
attendance'' may include waiver of all or part of a
conference or other fee, the provision of local
transportation, or the provision of food, refreshments,
entertainment, and instructional materials furnished to all
attendees as an integral part of the event. The term does
not include entertainment collateral to the event, nor does
it include food or
[[Page 69]]
refreshments taken other than in a group setting with all or
substantially all other attendees.
(5) \55\ During the dates of the national party
convention for the political party to which a Member
belongs, a Member may not participate in an event honoring
that Member, other than in his or her capacity as the
party's presidential or vice presidential nominee or
presumptive nominee, if such event is directly paid for by a
registered lobbyist or a private entity that retains or
employs a registered lobbyist.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\55\ Clause (5) was added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
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35.1e (e) No Member, officer, or employee may accept a gift
the value of which exceeds $250 on the basis of the personal
friendship exception in subparagraph (c)(4) unless the
Select Committee on Ethics issues a written determination
that such exception applies. No determination under this
subparagraph is required for gifts given on the basis of the
family relationship exception.
35.1f (f) When it is not practicable to return a tangible item
because it is perishable, the item may, at the discretion of
the recipient, be given to an appropriate charity or
destroyed.
35.1g (g)(1) \56\ A Member, officer, or employee may accept an
offer of free attendance in the Member's home State at a
conference, symposium, forum, panel discussion, dinner
event, site visit, viewing, reception, or similar event,
provided by a sponsor of the event, if--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\56\ Subparagraph (g) was added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) the cost of meals provided the Member,
officer, or employee is less than $50;
(B)(i) the event is sponsored by constituents
of, or a group that consists primarily of
constituents of, the Member (or the Member by whom
the officer or employee is employed); and
(ii) the event will be attended primarily by a
group of at least 5 constituents of the Member (or
the Member by whom the officer or employee is
employed) provided that a registered lobbyist shall
not attend the event; and
(C)(i) the Member, officer, or employee
participates in the event as a speaker or a panel
participant, by presenting information related to
Congress or matters before Congress, or by
performing a ceremonial function appropriate to the
Member's, officer's, or employee's official
position; or
[[Page 70]]
(ii) attendance at the event is appropriate to
the performance of the official duties or
representative function of the Member, officer, or
employee.
(2) A Member, officer, or employee who attends an event
described in clause (1) may accept a sponsor's unsolicited
offer of free attendance at the event for an accompanying
individual if others in attendance will generally be
similarly accompanied or if such attendance is appropriate
to assist in the representation of the Senate.
(3) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term `free
attendance' has the same meaning given such term in
subparagraph (d).
35.2a 2.\57\ (a)(1)\58\ A reimbursement (including payment in
kind) to a Member, officer, or employee from an individual
other than a registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign
principal or a private entity that retains or employs 1 or
more registered lobbyists or agents of a foreign principal
for necessary transportation, lodging and related expenses
for travel to a meeting, speaking engagement, factfinding
trip or similar event in connection with the duties of the
Member, officer, or employee as an officeholder shall be
deemed to be a reimbursement to the Senate and not a gift
prohibited by this rule, if the Member, officer, or employee
complies with the requirements of this paragraph.
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\57\ Amendments to paragraph 2 by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007, take effect 60 days after enactment or the date
that the Select Committee on Ethics issues new guidelines
pertaining to this paragraph.
\58\ Subparagraph (a)(1) was amended by Pub. L. 110-81,
Sep. 14, 2007.
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(2)(A) \59\ Notwithstanding clause (1), a reimbursement
(including payment in kind) to a Member, officer, or
employee of the Senate from an individual, other than a
registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign principal, that is
a private entity that retains or employs 1 or more
registered lobbyists or agents of a foreign principal shall
be deemed to be a reimbursement to the Senate under clause
(1) if--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\59\ Clause (2) was added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) the reimbursement is for necessary
transportation, lodging, and related expenses for
travel to a meeting, speaking engagement,
factfinding trip, or similar event described in
clause (1) in connection with the duties of the
Member, officer, or employee and the reimbursement
is provided only for attendance at or participation
for 1 day (exclusive of travel time and an overnight
stay) at an event described in clause (1); or
[[Page 71]]
(ii) the reimbursement is for necessary
transportation, lodging, and related expenses for
travel to a meeting, speaking engagement,
factfinding trip, or similar event described in
clause (1) in connection with the duties of the
Member, officer, or employee and the reimbursement
is from an organization designated under section
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
(B) When deciding whether to preapprove a trip under
this clause, the Select Committee on Ethics shall make a
determination consistent with regulations issued pursuant to
section 544(b) of the Honest Leadership and Open Government
Act of 2007. The committee through regulations to implement
subclause (A)(i) may permit a longer stay when determined by
the committee to be practically required to participate in
the event, but in no event may the stay exceed 2 nights.
(3) \60\ For purposes of clauses (1) and (2), events,
the activities of which are substantially recreational in
nature, shall not be considered to be in connection with
duties of a Member, officer, or employee as an officeholder.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\60\ Clause (3) was renumbered and amended by Pub. L.
110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
35.2b (b) \61\ Before an employee may accept reimbursement
pursuant to subparagraph (a), the employee shall receive
advance written authorization from the Member or officer
under whose direct supervision the employee works. Each
advance authorization to accept reimbursement shall be
signed by the Member or officer under whose direct
supervision the employee works and shall include--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\61\ Subparagraph (b) amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) the name of the employee;
(2) the name of the person who will make the
reimbursement;
(3) the time, place, and purpose of the travel;
and
(4) a determination that the travel is in
connection with the duties of the employee as an
officeholder and would not create the appearance
that the employee is using public office for private
gain.
35.2c (c) \62\ Each Member, officer, or employee that receives
reimbursement under this paragraph shall disclose the
expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed, the authorization
under subparagraph (b) (for an employee), and a copy of the
certification in subparagraph (e)(1) to the Secretary of the
Senate not later than 30 days after the travel is com
[[Page 72]]
pleted. Each disclosure made under this subparagraph of
expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed shall be signed by
the Member or officer (in the case of travel by that Member
or officer) or by the Member or officer under whose direct
supervision the employee works (in the case of travel by an
employee) and shall include--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\62\ Subparagraph (c) amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) a good faith estimate of total
transportation expenses reimbursed or to be
reimbursed;
(2) a good faith estimate of total lodging
expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
(3) a good faith estimate of total meal expenses
reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
(4) a good faith estimate of the total of other
expenses reimbursed or to be reimbursed;
(5) a determination that all such expenses are
necessary transportation, lodging, and related
expenses as defined in this paragraph;
(6) \63\ a description of meetings and events
attended; and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\63\ Clause (6) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(7) \64\ in the case of a reimbursement to a
Member or officer, a determination that the travel
was in connection with the duties of the Member or
officer as an officeholder and would not create the
appearance that the Member or officer is using
public office for private gain.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\64\ Clause (7) renumbered by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
35.2d (d)(1) \65\ A Member, officer, or employee of the Senate
may not accept a reimbursement (including payment in kind)
for transportation, lodging, or related expenses under
subparagraph (a) for a trip that was--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\65\ Subparagraph (d) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) planned, organized, or arranged by or at the
request of a registered lobbyist or agent of a
foreign principal; or
(B)(i) for trips described under subparagraph
(a)(2)(A)(i) on which a registered lobbyist
accompanies the Member, officer, or employee on any
segment of the trip; or
(ii) for all other trips allowed under this
paragraph, on which a registered lobbyist
accompanies the Member, officer, or employee at any
point throughout the trip.
(2) The Select Committee on Ethics shall issue
regulations identifying de minimis activities by registered
lobby
[[Page 73]]
ists or foreign agents that would not violate this
subparagraph.
35.2e (e) \66\ A Member, officer, or employee shall, before
accepting travel otherwise permissible under this paragraph
from any source--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\66\ Subparagraph (e) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) provide to the Select Committee on Ethics a
written certification from such source that--
(A) the trip will not be financed in any
part by a registered lobbyist or agent of a
foreign principal;
(B) the source either--
(i) does not retain or employ
registered lobbyists or agents of a foreign
principal and is not itself a registered
lobbyist or agent of a foreign principal; or
(ii) certifies that the trip meets the
requirements of subclause (i) or (ii) of
subparagraph (a)(2)(A);
(C) the source will not accept from a
registered lobbyist or agent of a foreign
principal or a private entity that retains
or employs 1 or more registered lobbyists or
agents of a foreign principal, funds
earmarked directly or indirectly for the
purpose of financing the specific trip; and
(D) the trip will not in any part be
planned, organized, requested, or arranged
by a registered lobbyist or agent of a
foreign principal and the traveler will not
be accompanied on the trip consistent with
the applicable requirements of subparagraph
(d)(1)(B) by a registered lobbyist or agent
of a foreign principal, except as permitted
by regulations issued under subparagraph
(d)(2); and
(2) after the Select Committee on Ethics has
promulgated regulations pursuant to section 544(b)
of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of
2007, obtain the prior approval of the committee for
such reimbursement.
35.2f (f) \67\ For the purposes of this paragraph, the term
``necessary transportation, lodging, and related
expenses''--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\67\ Subparagraph (f) renumbered and subparagraph (g)
renumbered and amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) includes reasonable expenses that are
necessary for travel for a period not exceeding 3
days exclusive
[[Page 74]]
of travel time within the United States or 7 days
exclusive of travel time outside of the United
States unless approved in advance by the Select
Committee on Ethics;
(2) is limited to reasonable expenditures for
transportation, lodging, conference fees and
materials, and food and refreshments, including
reimbursement for necessary transportation, whether
or not such transportation occurs within the periods
described in clause (1);
(3) does not include expenditures for
recreational activities, nor does it include
entertainment other than that provided to all
attendees as an integral part of the event, except
for activities or entertainment otherwise
permissible under this rule; and
(4) may include travel expenses incurred on
behalf of either the spouse or a child of the
Member, officer, or employee, subject to a
determination signed by the Member or officer (or in
the case of an employee, the Member or officer under
whose direct supervision the employee works) that
the attendance of the spouse or child is appropriate
to assist in the representation of the Senate.
35.2g (g) The Secretary of the Senate shall make all advance
authorizations, certifications, and disclosures filed
pursuant to this paragraph available for public inspection
as soon as possible after they are received, but in no event
prior to the completion of the relevant travel.
35.3 3. A gift prohibited by paragraph 1(a) includes the
following:
35.3a
(a) Anything provided by a registered lobbyist
or an agent of a foreign principal to an entity that
is maintained or controlled by a Member, officer, or
employee.
35.3b
(b) A charitable contribution (as defined in
section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986)
made by a registered lobbyist or an agent of a
foreign principal on the basis of a designation,
recommendation, or other specification of a Member,
officer, or employee (not including a mass mailing
or other solicitation directed to a broad category
of persons or entities), other than a charitable
contribution permitted by paragraph 4.
[[Page 75]]
35.3c
(c) A contribution or other payment by a
registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign
principal to a legal expense fund established for
the benefit of a Member, officer, or employee.
35.3d
(d) A financial contribution or expenditure made
by a registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign
principal relating to a conference, retreat, or
similar event, sponsored by or affiliated with an
official congressional organization, for or on
behalf of Members, officers, or employees.
35.4a 4. (a) A charitable contribution (as defined in section
170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) made by a
registered lobbyist or an agent of a foreign principal in
lieu of an honorarium to a Member, officer, or employee
shall not be considered a gift under this rule if it is
reported as provided in subparagraph (b).
35.4b (b) A Member, officer, or employee who designates or
recommends a contribution to a charitable organization in
lieu of honoraria described in subparagraph (a) shall report
within 30 days after such designation or recommendation to
the Secretary of the Senate--
(1) the name and address of the registered
lobbyist who is making the contribution in lieu of
honoraria;
(2) the date and amount of the contribution; and
(3) the name and address of the charitable
organization designated or recommended by the
Member.
The Secretary of the Senate shall make public information
received pursuant to this subparagraph as soon as possible
after it is received.
35.5 5. For purposes of this rule--
35.5a
(a) the term ``registered lobbyist'' means a
lobbyist registered under the Federal Regulation of
Lobbying Act or any successor statute; and
35.5b
(b) the term ``agent of a foreign principal''
means an agent of a foreign principal registered
under the Foreign Agents Registration Act.
35.6 6. All the provisions of this rule shall be interpreted
and enforced solely by the Select Committee on Ethics. The
Select Committee on Ethics is authorized to issue guidance
on any matter contained in this rule.
[[Page 76]]
36 RULE XXXVI \68\
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\68\ Previous provisions of Rule XXXVI were repealed by
S. Res. 512, 97-2, Dec. 14, 1982, effective Jan. 1, 1983.
New Rule XXXVI language established by S. Res. 192, 102-1,
Oct. 31, 1991, effective Aug. 14, 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OUTSIDE EARNED INCOME
For purposes of this rule, the provisions of section 501
of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.
Sec. 501) shall be deemed to be a rule of the Senate as it
pertains to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate.
37 RULE XXXVII
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
37.1 1. A Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall
not receive any compensation, nor shall he permit any
compensation to accrue to his beneficial interest from any
source, the receipt or accrual of which would occur by
virtue of influence improperly exerted from his position as
a Member, officer, or employee.
37.2 2. No Member, officer, or employee shall engage in any
outside business or professional activity or employment for
compensation which is inconsistent or in conflict with the
conscientious performance of official duties.
37.3 3. No officer or employee shall engage in any outside
business or professional activity or employment for
compensation unless he has reported in writing when such
activity or employment commences and on May 15 of each year
thereafter so long as such activity or employment continues,
the nature of such activity or employment to his supervisor.
The supervisor shall then, in the discharge of his duties,
take such action as he considers necessary for the avoidance
of conflict of interest or interference with duties to the
Senate.
37.4 4. No Member, officer, or employee shall knowingly use
his official position to introduce or aid the progress or
passage of legislation, a principal purpose of which is to
further only his pecuniary interest, only the pecuniary
interest of his immediate family, or only the pecuniary
interest of a limited class of persons or enterprises, when
he, or his immediate family, or enterprises controlled by
them, are members of the affected class.
[[Page 77]]
37.5a 5. (a) \69\ No Member, officer, or employee of the
Senate compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum
and employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year
shall (1) affiliate with a firm, partnership, association,
or corporation for the purpose of providing professional
services for compensation; (2) permit that individual's name
to be used by such a firm, partnership, association or
corporation; or (3) practice a profession for compensation
to any extent during regular office hours of the Senate
office in which employed. For the purposes of this
paragraph, ``professional services'' shall include but not
be limited to those which involve a fiduciary relationship.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\69\ Paragraph 5 renumbered 5(a) and subparagraph (b)
added by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.5b (b) A Member or an officer or employee whose rate of
basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the
annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS-15 of the
General Schedule shall not--
(1) receive compensation for affiliating with or
being employed by a firm, partnership, association,
corporation, or other entity which provides
professional services involving a fiduciary
relationship;
(2) permit that Member's, officer's, or
employee's name to be used by any such firm,
partnership, association, corporation, or other
entity;
(3) receive compensation for practicing a
profession which involves a fiduciary relationship;
or
(4) receive compensation for teaching, without
the prior notification and approval of the Select
\70\ Committee on Ethics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\70\ Added by S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.6a 6. (a) \71\ No Member, officer, or employee of the
Senate compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum
and employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year
shall serve as an officer or member of the board of any
publicly held or publicly regulated corporation, financial
institution, or business entity. The preceding sentence
shall not apply to service of a Member, officer, or employee
as--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\71\ Paragraph 6 renumbered 6(a) and subparagraph (b)
added by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) an officer or member of the board of an
organization which is exempt from taxation under
section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954,
if such service is performed without compensation;
[[Page 78]]
(2) an officer or member of the board of an
institution or organization which is principally
available to Members, officers, or employees of the
Senate, or their families, if such service is
performed without compensation; or
(3) a member of the board of a corporation,
institution, or other business entity, if (A) the
Member, officer, or employee had served continuously
as a member of the board thereof for at least two
years prior to his election or appointment as a
Member, officer, or employee of the Senate, (B) the
amount of time required to perform such service is
minimal, and (C) the Member, officer, or employee is
not a member of, or a member of the staff of any
Senate committee which has legislative jurisdiction
over any agency of the Government charged with
regulating the activities of the corporation,
institution, or other business entity.
37.6b (b) A Member or an officer or employee whose rate of
basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the
annual rate of basic pay in effect for grade GS-15 of the
General Schedule shall not serve for compensation as an
officer or member of the board of any association,
corporation, or other entity.
37.7 7. An employee on the staff of a committee who is
compensated at a rate in excess of $25,000 per annum and
employed for more than ninety days in a calendar year shall
divest himself of any substantial holdings which may be
directly affected by the actions of the committee for which
he works, unless the Select Committee, after consultation
with the employee's supervisor, grants permission in writing
to retain such holdings or the employee makes other
arrangements acceptable to the Select Committee and the
employee's supervisor to avoid participation in committee
actions where there is a conflict of interest, or the
appearance thereof.
37.8 8.\72\ If a Member, upon leaving office, becomes a
registered lobbyist under the Federal Regulation of Lobbying
Act of 1946 or any successor statute, or is employed or
retained by such a registered lobbyist or an entity that
employs or retains a registered lobbyist for the purpose of
influencing legislation, he shall not lobby Members, offi
[[Page 79]]
cers, or employees of the Senate for a period of two years
after leaving office.
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\72\ Paragraphs 8 and 9 amended by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.9a 9. (a) If an employee on the staff of a Member, upon
leaving that position, becomes a registered lobbyist under
the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 or any
successor statute, or is employed or retained by such a
registered lobbyist or an entity that employs or retains a
registered lobbyist for the purpose of influencing
legislation, such employee may not lobby the Member for whom
he worked or that Member's staff for a period of one year
after leaving that position.
37.9b (b) If an employee on the staff of a committee, upon
leaving his position, becomes such a registered lobbyist or
is employed or retained by such a registered lobbyist or an
entity that employs or retains a registered lobbyist for the
purpose of influencing legislation, such employee may not
lobby the members of the committee for which he worked, or
the staff of that committee, for a period of one year after
leaving his position.
37.9c (c) \73\ If an officer of the Senate or an employee on
the staff of a Member or on the staff of a committee whose
rate of pay is equal to or greater than 75 percent of the
rate of pay of a Member and employed at such rate for more
than 60 days in a calendar year, upon leaving that position,
becomes a registered lobbyist, or is employed or retained by
such a registered lobbyist or an entity that employs or
retains a registered lobbyist for the purpose of influencing
legislation, such employee may not lobby any Member,
officer, or employee of the Senate for a period of 1 year
after leaving that position.
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\73\ Paragraph 9(c) shall apply to individuals who leave
the office or employment to which such paragraph applies on
or after the date of adjournment of the 1st session of the
110th Congress sine die or Dec. 31, 2007, whichever date is
earlier. Sec. 531 of Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.10 10. \74\ Paragraphs 8 and 9 shall not apply to contacts
with the staff of the Secretary of the Senate regarding
compliance with the lobbying disclosure requirements of the
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995.
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\74\ Paragraphs 10 and 11 added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep.
14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.11a 11. (a) If a Member's spouse or immediate family member
is a registered lobbyist, or is employed or retained by such
a registered lobbyist or an entity that hires or retains a
registered lobbyist for the purpose of influencing
legislation, the Member shall prohibit all staff employed or
supervised by that Member (including staff in personal, com
[[Page 80]]
mittee, and leadership offices) from having any contact with
the Member's spouse or immediate family member that
constitutes a lobbying contact as defined by section 3 of
the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 by such person.
37.11b (b) Members and employees on the staff of a Member
(including staff in personal, committee, and leadership
offices) shall be prohibited from having any contact that
constitutes a lobbying contact as defined by section 3 of
the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 by any spouse of a
Member who is a registered lobbyist, or is employed or
retained by such a registered lobbyist.
37.11c (c) The prohibition in subparagraph (b) shall not apply
to the spouse of a Member who was serving as a registered
lobbyist at least 1 year prior to the most recent election
of that Member to office or at least 1 year prior to his or
her marriage to that Member.
37.12a 12. (a) \75\ Except as provided by subparagraph (b), any
employee of the Senate who is required to file a report
pursuant to rule XXXIV shall refrain from participating
personally and substantially as an employee of the Senate in
any contact with any agency of the executive or judicial
branch of Government with respect to non-legislative matters
affecting any non-governmental person in which the employee
has a significant financial interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\75\ Paragraphs 10 and 11 were renumbered as 11 and 12
respectively and paragraph 10 was added by S. Res. 236, 101-
2, Jan. 30, 1990. Paragraph renumbered by Pub. L. 110-81,
Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.12b (b) Subparagraph (a) shall not apply if an employee
first advises his supervising authority of his significant
financial interest and obtains from his employing authority
a written waiver stating that the participation of the
employee is necessary. A copy of each such waiver shall be
filed with the Select Committee.
37.13 13. \76\ For purposes of this rule--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\76\ Paragraph 13 renumbered pursuant to Pub. L. 110-81,
Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.13a
(a) ``employee of the Senate'' includes an
employee or individual described in paragraphs 2, 3,
and 4(c) of rule XLI;
37.13b
(b) an individual who is an employee on the
staff of a subcommittee of a committee shall be
treated as an employee on the staff of such
committee; and
37.13c
(c) the term ``lobbying'' means any oral or
written communication to influence the content or
disposition of any issue before Congress, including
any pending
[[Page 81]]
or future bill, resolution, treaty, nomination,
hearing, report, or investigation; but does not
include--
(1) a communication (i) made in the form
of testimony given before a committee or
office of the Congress, or (ii) submitted
for inclusion in the public record, public
docket, or public file of a hearing; or
(2) a communication by an individual,
acting solely on his own behalf, for redress
of personal grievances, or to express his
personal opinion.
37.14a 14. \77\(a) A Member shall not negotiate or have any
arrangement concerning prospective private employment until
after his or her successor has been elected, unless such
Member files a signed statement with the Secretary of the
Senate, for public disclosure, regarding such negotiations
or arrangements not later than 3 business days after the
commencement of such negotiation or arrangement, including
the name of the private entity or entities involved in such
negotiations or arrangements, and the date such negotiations
or arrangements commenced.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\77\ Paragraph 14 added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
37.14b (b) A Member shall not negotiate or have any arrangement
concerning prospective employment for a job involving
lobbying activities as defined by the Lobbying Disclosure
Act of 1995 until after his or her successor has been
elected.
37.14c (c)(1) An employee of the Senate earning in excess of 75
percent of the salary paid to a Senator shall notify the
Select Committee on Ethics that he or she is negotiating or
has any arrangement concerning prospective private
employment.
(2) The notification under this subparagraph shall be
made not later than 3 business days after the commencement
of such negotiation or arrangement.
(3) An employee to whom this subparagraph applies
shall--
(A) recuse himself or herself from--
(i) any contact or communication with
the prospective employer on issues of
legislative interest to the prospective
employer; and
(ii) any legislative matter in which
there is a conflict of interest or an
appearance of a conflict for that employee
under this subparagraph; and
[[Page 82]]
(B) notify the Select Committee on Ethics of
such recusal.
37.15 15. \78\ For purposes of this rule--
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\78\ Paragraph 15 renumbered by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
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37.15a
(a) a Senator or the Vice President is the
supervisor of his administrative, clerical, or other
assistants;
37.15b
(b) a Senator who is the chairman of a committee
is the supervisor of the professional, clerical, or
other assistants to the committee except that
minority staff members shall be under the
supervision of the ranking minority Senator on the
committee;
37.15c
(c) a Senator who is a chairman of a
subcommittee which has its own staff and financial
authorization is the supervisor of the professional,
clerical, or other assistants to the subcommittee
except that minority staff members shall be under
the supervision of the ranking minority Senator on
the subcommittee;
37.15d
(d) the President pro tempore is the supervisor
of the Secretary of the Senate, Sergeant at Arms and
Doorkeeper, the Chaplain, the Legislative Counsel,
and the employees of the Office of the Legislative
Counsel;
37.15e
(e) the Secretary of the Senate is the
supervisor of the employees of his office;
37.15f
(f) the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is the
supervisor of the employees of his office;
37.15g
(g) the Majority and Minority Leaders and the
Majority and Minority Whips are the supervisors of
the research, clerical, or other assistants assigned
to their respective offices;
37.15h
(h) the Majority Leader is the supervisor of the
Secretary for the Majority and the Secretary for the
Majority is the supervisor of the employees of his
office; and
37.15i
(i) the Minority Leader is the supervisor of the
Secretary for the Minority and the Secretary for the
Minority is the supervisor of the employees of his
office.
38
RULE XXXVIII
PROHIBITION OF UNOFFICIAL OFFICE ACCOUNTS
38.1a 1. (a) \79\ No Member may maintain or have maintained
for his use an unofficial office account. The term
``unofficial
[[Page 83]]
office account'' means an account or repository into which
funds are received for the purpose, at least in part, of
defraying otherwise unreimbursed expenses allowable in
connection with the operation of a Member's office. An
unofficial office account does not include, and expenses
incurred by a Member in connection with his official duties
shall be defrayed only from--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\79\ Paragraph 1 was renumbered 1(a) and subparagraph
(b) was added by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991.
Effective date revised to May 11, 1992, by Pub. L. 102-229,
Dec. 12, 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) personal funds of the Member;
(2) official funds specifically appropriated for
that purpose;
(3) funds derived from a political committee (as
defined in section 301(d) of the Federal Election
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431))\80\; and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\80\ 2 U.S.C. 431 was recodified as 52 U.S.C. 30101.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(4) funds received as reasonable reimbursements
for expenses incurred by a Member in connection with
personal services provided by the Member to the
organization making the reimbursement.
38.1b (b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a), official expenses
may be defrayed only as provided by subsections (d) and (i)
of section 311 of the Legislative Appropriations Act, 1991
(Public Law 101-520).\81\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\81\ Section 311(d) of the Legislative Branch
Appropriations Act, 1991 (Pub. L. 101-520) was amended by
Pub. L. 107-68, Nov. 12, 2001.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
38.1c (c) \82\ For purposes of reimbursement under this rule,
fair market value of a flight on an aircraft shall be
determined as provided in paragraph 1(c)(1)(C) of rule XXXV.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\82\ Subparagraph (c) added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14,
2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
38.2
2. No contribution (as defined in section 301(e) of the
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431))\83\
shall be converted to the personal use of any Member or any
former Member. For the purposes of this rule ``personal
use'' does not include reimbursement of expenses incurred by
a Member in connection with his official duties.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\83\ 2 U.S.C. 431 was recodified as 52 U.S.C. 30101.
39 RULE XXXIX
FOREIGN TRAVEL
39.1a 1. (a) Unless authorized by the Senate (or by the
President of the United States after an adjournment sine
die), no funds from the United States Government (including
foreign currencies made available under section 502(b) of
the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)) shall be
received for the purpose of travel outside the United
[[Page 84]]
States by any Member of the Senate whose term will expire at
the end of a Congress after--
(1) the date of the general election in which
his successor is elected; or
(2) in the case of a Member who is not a
candidate in such general election, the earlier of
the date of such general election or the adjournment
sine die of the second regular session of that
Congress.
39.1b (b) \84\ The travel restrictions provided by
subparagraph (a) with respect to a Member of the Senate
whose term will expire at the end of a Congress shall apply
to travel by--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\84\ Paragraph 1 was renumbered as 1 (a) and
subparagraph (b) was added by S. Res. 80, 100-1, Jan. 28,
1987.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) any employee of the Member;
(2) any elected officer of the Senate whose
employment will terminate at the end of a Congress;
and
(3) any employee of a committee whose employment
will terminate at the end of a Congress.
39.2 2. No Member, officer, or employee engaged in foreign
travel may claim payment or accept funds from the United
States Government (including foreign currencies made
available under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act of
1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)) for any expense for which the
individual has received reimbursement from any other source;
nor may such Member, officer, or employee receive
reimbursement for the same expense more than once from the
United States Government. No Member, officer, or employee
shall use any funds furnished to him to defray ordinary and
necessary expenses of foreign travel for any purpose other
than the purpose or purposes for which such funds were
furnished.
39.3 3. A per diem allowance provided a Member, officer, or
employee in connection with foreign travel shall be used
solely for lodging, food, and related expenses and it is the
responsibility of the Member, officer, or employee receiving
such an allowance to return to the United States Government
that portion of the allowance received which is not actually
used for necessary lodging, food, and related expenses.
[[Page 85]]
40 RULE XL
FRANKING PRIVILEGE AND RADIO AND TELEVISION STUDIOS \85\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\85\ 39 U.S.C. 3210 contains statutory provisions are
parallel to certain provisions of rule XL relating to the
franking privilege.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
40.1 1. A Senator or an individual who is a candidate for
nomination for election, or election, to the Senate may not
use the frank for any mass mailing (as defined in section
3210(a)(6)(E) \86\ of Title 39, United States Code) if such
mass mailing is mailed at or delivered to any postal
facility less than sixty days immediately before the date of
any primary or general election (whether regular, special,
or runoff) in which the Senator is a candidate for public
office or the individual is a candidate for Senator, unless
the candidacy of the Senator in such election is
uncontested.\87\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\86\ Citation corrected by S. Res. 187, 101-1, Oct. 2,
1989, pursuant to Pub. L. 97-69, Oct. 26, 1981.
\87\ As amended by S. Res. 224, 103-2, June 21, 1994.
40.2 2. A Senator shall use only official funds of the
Senate, including his official Senate allowances, to
purchase paper, to print, or to prepare any mass mailing
material which is to be sent out under the frank.
40.3a 3. (a) When a Senator disseminates information under the
frank by a mass mailing (as defined in section 3210(a)(6)(E)
of Title 39, United States Code), the Senator shall register
quarterly \88\ with the Secretary of the Senate such mass
mailings. Such registration shall be made by filing with the
Secretary a copy of the matter mailed and providing, on a
form supplied by the Secretary, a description of the group
or groups of persons to whom the mass mailing was mailed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\88\ Pursuant to Pub. L. 101-520, Nov. 5, 1990.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
40.3b (b) The Secretary of the Senate shall promptly make
available for public inspection and copying a copy of the
mail matter registered, and a description of the group or
groups of persons to whom the mass mailing was mailed.
40.4 4. Nothing in this rule shall apply to any mailing under
the frank which is (a) in direct response to inquiries or
requests from persons to whom the matter is mailed; (b)
addressed to colleagues in Congress or to government
officials (whether Federal, State, or local); or (c)
consists entirely of news releases to the communications
media.
40.5 5. The Senate computer facilities shall not be used (a)
to store, maintain, or otherwise process any lists or
categories of lists of names and addresses identifying the
individuals included in such lists as campaign workers or
con
[[Page 86]]
tributors, as members of a political party, or by any other
partisan political designation, (b) to produce computer
printouts except as authorized by user guides approved by
the Committee on Rules and Administration, or (c) to produce
mailing labels for mass mailings, or computer tapes and
discs, for use other than in service facilities maintained
and operated by the Senate or under contract to the Senate.
The Committee on Rules and Administration shall prescribe
such regulations not inconsistent with the purposes of this
paragraph as it determines necessary to carry out such
purposes.
40.6a 6. (a) The radio and television studios provided by the
Senate or by the House of Representatives may not be used by
a Senator or an individual who is a candidate for nomination
for election, or election, to the Senate less than sixty
days immediately before the date of any primary or general
election (whether regular, special, or runoff) in which that
Senator is a candidate for public office or that individual
is a candidate for Senator, unless the candidacy of the
Senator in such election is uncontested.\89\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\89\ As amended by S. Res. 224, 103-2, June 21, 1994.
40.6b (b) This paragraph shall not apply if the facilities are
to be used at the request of, and at the expense of, a
licensed broadcast organization or an organization exempt
from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954.
41 RULE XLI
POLITICAL FUND ACTIVITY; DEFINITIONS
41.1 1. No officer or employee of the Senate may receive,
solicit, be a custodian of, or distribute any funds in
connection with any campaign for the nomination for
election, or the election, of any individual to be a Member
of the Senate or to any other Federal office. This
prohibition does not apply to three \90\ assistants to a
Senator, at least one of whom is in Washington, District of
Columbia, who have been designated by that Senator to
perform any of the functions described in the first sentence
of this paragraph and who are compensated at an annual rate
in excess of $10,000 if such designation has been made in
writing and filed with the Secretary of the Senate and if
each such assistant files a financial statement in the form
provided under rule XXXIV for each year during which he is
des
[[Page 87]]
ignated under this rule. The Majority Leader and the
Minority Leader may each designate an employee of their
respective leadership office staff as one of the 3 designees
referred to in the second sentence.\91\ \92\ The Secretary
of the Senate shall make the designation available for
public inspection.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\90\ As amended by S. Res. 258, 100-1, Oct. 1, 1987.
\91\ Pursuant to S. Res. 326, 101-2, Jan. 30, 1990.
\92\ Pursuant to Pub. L. 116-94, Title XVII, sec. 1701,
the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader may each
designate up to 2 employees of their respective leadership
office staff as designees; however, the Standing Rules of
the Senate were not amended.
41.2 2. For purposes of the Senate Code of Official Conduct--
41.2a
(a) an employee of the Senate includes any
employee whose salary is disbursed by the Secretary
of the Senate; and
41.2b
(b) the compensation of an officer or employee
of the Senate who is a reemployed annuitant shall
include amounts received by such officer or employee
as an annuity, and such amounts shall be treated as
disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.
41.3 3. Before approving the utilization by any committee of
the Senate of the services of an officer or employee of the
Government in accordance with paragraph 4 \93\ of rule XXVII
or with an authorization provided by Senate resolution, the
Committee on Rules and Administration shall require such
officer or employee to agree in writing to comply with the
Senate Code of Official Conduct in the same manner and to
the same extent as an employee of the Senate. Any such
officer or employee shall, for purposes of such Code, be
treated as an employee of the Senate receiving compensation
disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate in an amount equal
to the amount of compensation he is receiving as an officer
or employee of the Government.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\93\ Reference corrected by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31,
1991.
41.4 4. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall
utilize the full-time services of an individual for more
than ninety days in a calendar year in the conduct of
official duties of any committee or office of the Senate
(including a Member's office) unless such individual--
41.4a
(a) is an officer or employee of the Senate,
41.4b
(b) is an officer or employee of the Government
(other than the Senate), or
41.4c
(c) agrees in writing to comply with the Senate
Code of Official Conduct in the same manner and to
the same extent as an employee of the Senate.
[[Page 88]]
Any individual to whom subparagraph (c) applies shall, for
purposes of such Code, be treated as an employee of the
Senate receiving compensation disbursed by the Secretary of
the Senate in an amount equal to the amount of compensation
which such individual is receiving from any source for
performing such services.
41.5 5. In exceptional circumstances for good cause shown,
the Select Committee on Ethics may waive the applicability
of any provision of the Senate Code of Official Conduct to
an employee hired on a per diem basis.
41.6a 6. (a) The supervisor of an individual who performs
services for any Member, committee, or office of the Senate
for a period in excess of four weeks and who receives
compensation therefor from any source other than the United
States Government shall report to the Select Committee on
Ethics with respect to the utilization of the services of
such individual.
41.6b (b) A report under subparagraph (a) shall be made with
respect to an individual--
(1) when such individual begins performing
services described in such subparagraph;
(2) at the close of each calendar quarter while
such individual is performing such services; and
(3) when such individual ceases to perform such
services. Each such report shall include the
identity of the source of the compensation received
by such individual and the amount or rate of
compensation paid by such source.
41.6c (c) No report shall be required under subparagraph (a)
with respect to an individual who normally performs services
for a Member, committee, or office for less than eight hours
a week.
41.6d (d) For purposes of this paragraph, the supervisor of an
individual shall be determined under paragraph 12 of rule
XXXVII.\94\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\94\ Redesignated by S. Res. 236, 101-2, Jan. 30, 1990,
and S. Res. 299, 106-2, Apr. 27, 2000.
42 RULE XLII
EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES
42.1 1. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall,
with respect to employment by the Senate or any office
thereof--
[[Page 89]]
42.1a
(a) fail or refuse to hire an individual;
42.1b
(b) discharge an individual; or
42.1c
(c) otherwise discriminate against an individual
with respect to promotion, compensation, or terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment
on the basis of such individual's race, color, religion,
sex, national origin, age, or state of physical handicap.
42.2 2. \95\ For purposes of this rule, the provisions of
section 509(a) of the Americans with Disabilities Act of
1990 shall be deemed to be a rule of the Senate as it
pertains to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\95\ Added by S. Res. 192, 102-1, Oct. 31, 1991,
effective July 26, 1990. Americans with Disabilities Act of
1990 was subsequently amended by Pub. L. 102-166, Nov. 21,
1991.
43 RULE XLIII
REPRESENTATION BY MEMBERS \96\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\96\ Rule established by S. Res. 273, 102-2, July 2,
1992.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
43.1 1. In responding to petitions for assistance, a Member
of the Senate, acting directly or through employees, has the
right to assist petitioners before executive and independent
government officials and agencies.
43.2 2. At the request of a petitioner, a Member of the
Senate, or a Senate employee, may communicate with an
executive or independent government official or agency on
any matter to--
43.2a
(a) request information or a status report;
43.2b
(b) urge prompt consideration;
43.2c
(c) arrange for interviews or appointments;
43.2d
(d) express judgments;
43.2e
(e) call for reconsideration of an
administrative response which the Member believes is
not reasonably supported by statutes, regulations or
considerations of equity or public policy; or
43.2f
(f) perform any other service of a similar
nature consistent with the provisions of this rule.
43.3 3. The decision to provide assistance to petitioners may
not be made on the basis of contributions or services, or
promises of contributions or services, to the Member's
political campaigns or to other organizations in which the
Member has a political, personal, or financial interest.
[[Page 90]]
43.4 4. A Member shall make a reasonable effort to assure
that representations made in the Member's name by any Senate
employee are accurate and conform to the Member's
instructions and to this rule.
43.5 5. Nothing in this rule shall be construed to limit the
authority of Members, and Senate employees, to perform
legislative, including committee, responsibilities.
43.6 6. \97\ No Member, with the intent to influence solely
on the basis of partisan political affiliation an employment
decision or employment practice of any private entity,
shall--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\97\ Paragraph 6 added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
43.6a
(a) take or withhold, or offer or threaten to
take or withhold, an official act; or
43.6b
(b) influence, or offer or threaten to influence
the official act of another.
44 RULE XLIV \98\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\98\ Rule XLIV added by Pub. L. 110-81, Sep. 14, 2007.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONGRESSIONALLY DIRECTED SPENDING AND RELATED ITEMS
44.1a 1. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on a motion to
proceed to consider a bill or joint resolution reported by
any committee unless the chairman of the committee of
jurisdiction or the Majority Leader or his or her designee
certifies--
(1) that each congressionally directed spending item,
limited tax benefit, and limited tariff benefit, if any, in
the bill or joint resolution, or in the committee report
accompanying the bill or joint resolution, has been
identified through lists, charts, or other similar means
including the name of each Senator who submitted a request
to the committee for each item so identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been
available on a publicly accessible congressional website in
a searchable format at least 48 hours before such vote.
44.1b (b) If a point of order is sustained under this
paragraph, the motion to proceed shall be suspended until
the sponsor of the motion or his or her designee has
requested resumption and compliance with this paragraph has
been achieved.
44.2a 2. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on a motion to
proceed to consider a Senate bill or joint resolution not
reported by committee unless the chairman of the committee
of jurisdiction or the Majority Leader or his or her
designee certifies--
[[Page 91]]
(1) that each congressionally directed spending
item, limited tax benefit, and limited tariff
benefit, if any, in the bill or joint resolution,
has been identified through lists, charts, or other
similar means, including the name of each Senator
who submitted a request to the sponsor of the bill
or joint resolution for each item so identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been
available on a publicly accessible congressional
website in a searchable format at least 48 hours
before such vote.
44.2b (b) If a point of order is sustained under this
paragraph, the motion to proceed shall be suspended until
the sponsor of the motion or his or her designee has
requested resumption and compliance with this paragraph has
been achieved.
44.3a 3. (a) It shall not be in order to vote on the adoption
of a report of a committee of conference unless the chairman
of the committee of jurisdiction or the Majority Leader or
his or her designee certifies--
(1) that each congressionally directed spending
item, limited tax benefit, and limited tariff
benefit, if any, in the conference report, or in the
joint statement of managers accompanying the
conference report, has been identified through
lists, charts, or other means, including the name of
each Senator who submitted a request to the
committee of jurisdiction for each item so
identified; and
(2) that the information in clause (1) has been
available on a publicly accessible congressional
website at least 48 hours before such vote.
44.3b (b) If a point of order is sustained under this
paragraph, then the conference report shall be set aside.
44.4a 4. (a) If during consideration of a bill or joint
resolution, a Senator proposes an amendment containing a
congressionally directed spending item, limited tax benefit,
or limited tariff benefit which was not included in the bill
or joint resolution as placed on the calendar or as reported
by any committee, in a committee report on such bill or
joint resolution, or a committee report of the Senate on a
companion measure, then as soon as practicable, the Senator
shall ensure that a list of such items (and the name of any
Senator who submitted a request to the Senator for each
respective item included in the list) is printed in the
Congressional Record.
[[Page 92]]
44.4b (b) If a committee reports a bill or joint resolution
that includes congressionally directed spending items,
limited tax benefits, or limited tariff benefits in the bill
or joint resolution, or in the committee report accompanying
the bill or joint resolution, the committee shall as soon as
practicable identify on a publicly accessible congressional
website each such item through lists, charts, or other
similar means, including the name of each Senator who
submitted a request to the committee for each item so
identified. Availability on the Internet of a committee
report that contains the information described in this
subparagraph shall satisfy the requirements of this
subparagraph.
44.4c (c) To the extent technically feasible, information made
available on publicly accessible congressional websites
under paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be provided in a searchable
format.
44.5 5. For the purpose of this rule--
44.5a
(a) the term ``congressionally directed spending
item'' means a provision or report language included
primarily at the request of a Senator providing,
authorizing, or recommending a specific amount of
discretionary budget authority, credit authority, or
other spending authority for a contract, loan, loan
guarantee, grant, loan authority, or other
expenditure with or to an entity, or targeted to a
specific State, locality or Congressional district,
other than through a statutory or administrative
formula-driven or competitive award process;
44.5b
(b) the term ``limited tax benefit'' means--
(1) any revenue provision that--
(A) provides a Federal tax deduction,
credit, exclusion, or preference to a
particular beneficiary or limited group of
beneficiaries under the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986; and
(B) contains eligibility criteria that
are not uniform in application with respect
to potential beneficiaries of such
provision;
44.5c
(c) the term ``limited tariff benefit'' means a
provision modifying the Harmonized Tariff Schedule
of the United States in a manner that benefits 10 or
fewer entities; and
44.5d
(d) except as used in subparagraph 8(e), the
term ``item'' when not preceded by ``congressionally
directed spending'' means any provision that is a
congression
[[Page 93]]
ally directed spending item, a limited tax benefit,
or a limited tariff benefit.
44.6a 6. (a) A Senator who requests a congressionally directed
spending item, a limited tax benefit, or a limited tariff
benefit in any bill or joint resolution (or an accompanying
report) or in any conference report (or an accompanying
joint statement of managers) shall provide a written
statement to the chairman and ranking member of the
committee of jurisdiction, including--
(1) the name of the Senator;
(2) in the case of a congressionally directed
spending item, the name and location of the intended
recipient or, if there is no specifically intended
recipient, the intended location of the activity;
(3) in the case of a limited tax or tariff
benefit, identification of the individual or
entities reasonably anticipated to benefit, to the
extent known to the Senator;
(4) the purpose of such congressionally directed
spending item or limited tax or tariff benefit; and
(5) a certification that neither the Senator nor
the Senator's immediate family has a pecuniary
interest in the item, consistent with the
requirements of paragraph 9.
44.6b (b) With respect to each item included in a Senate bill
or joint resolution (or accompanying report) reported by
committee or considered by the Senate, or included in a
conference report (or joint statement of managers
accompanying the conference report) considered by the
Senate, each committee of jurisdiction shall make available
for public inspection on the Internet the certifications
under subparagraph (a)(5) as soon as practicable.
44.7 7. In the case of a bill, joint resolution, or
conference report that contains congressionally directed
spending items in any classified portion of a report
accompanying the measure, the committee of jurisdiction
shall, to the greatest extent practicable, consistent with
the need to protect national security (including
intelligence sources and methods), include on the list
required by paragraph 1, 2, or 3 as the case may be, a
general program description in unclassified language,
funding level, and the name of the sponsor of that
congressionally directed spending item.
44.8a 8. (a) A Senator may raise a point of order against one
or more provisions of a conference report if they constitute
new directed spending provisions. The Presiding Officer
[[Page 94]]
may sustain the point of order as to some or all of the
provisions against which the Senator raised the point of
order.
44.8b (b) If the Presiding Officer sustains the point of order
as to any of the provisions against which the Senator raised
the point of order, then those provisions against which the
Presiding Officer sustains the point of order shall be
stricken. After all other points of order under this
paragraph have been disposed of--
(1) the Senate shall proceed to consider the
question of whether the Senate should recede from
its amendment to the House bill, or its disagreement
to the amendment of the House, and concur with a
further amendment, which further amendment shall
consist of only that portion of the conference
report that has not been stricken; and
(2) the question in clause (1) shall be decided
under the same debate limitation as the conference
report and no further amendment shall be in order.
44.8c (c) Any Senator may move to waive any or all points of
order under this paragraph with respect to the pending
conference report by an affirmative vote of three-fifths of
the Members, duly chosen and sworn. All motions to waive
under this paragraph shall be debatable collectively for not
to exceed 1 hour equally divided between the Majority Leader
and the Minority Leader or their designees. A motion to
waive all points of order under this paragraph shall not be
amendable.
44.8d (d) All appeals from rulings of the Chair under this
paragraph shall be debatable collectively for not to exceed
1 hour, equally divided between the Majority and the
Minority Leader or their designees. An affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members of the Senate, duly chosen and
sworn, shall be required in the Senate to sustain an appeal
of the ruling of the Chair under this paragraph.
44.8e (e) The term ``new directed spending provision'' as used
in this paragraph means any item that consists of a specific
provision containing a specific level of funding for any
specific account, specific program, specific project, or
specific activity, when no specific funding was provided for
such specific account, specific program, specific project,
or specific activity in the measure originally committed to
the conferees by either House.
[[Page 95]]
44.9 9. No Member, officer, or employee of the Senate shall
knowingly use his official position to introduce, request,
or otherwise aid the progress or passage of congressionally
directed spending items, limited tax benefits, or limited
tariff benefits a principal purpose of which is to further
only his pecuniary interest, only the pecuniary interest of
his immediate family, or only the pecuniary interest of a
limited class of persons or enterprises, when he or his
immediate family, or enterprises controlled by them, are
members of the affected class.
44.10 10. Any Senator may move to waive application of
paragraph 1, 2, or 3 with respect to a measure by an
affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen
and sworn. A motion to waive under this paragraph with
respect to a measure shall be debatable for not to exceed 1
hour equally divided between the Majority Leader and the
Minority Leader or their designees. With respect to points
of order raised under paragraphs 1, 2, or 3, only one appeal
from a ruling of the Chair shall be in order, and debate on
such an appeal from a ruling of the Chair on such point of
order shall be limited to one hour.
44.11 11. Any Senator may move to waive all points of order
under this rule with respect to the pending measure or
motion by an affirmative vote of three-fifths of the
Members, duly chosen and sworn. All motions to waive all
points of order with respect to a measure or motion as
provided by this paragraph shall be debatable collectively
for not to exceed 1 hour equally divided between the
Majority Leader and the Minority Leader or their designees.
A motion to waive all points of order with respect to a
measure or motion as provided by this paragraph shall not be
amendable.
44.12 12. Paragraph 1, 2, or 3 of this rule may be waived by
joint agreement of the Majority Leader and the Minority
Leader of the Senate upon their certification that such
waiver is necessary as a result of a significant disruption
to Senate facilities or to the availability of the Internet.
[[Page 97]]
NONSTATUTORY STANDING ORDERS NOT EMBRACED IN THE RULES, AND
RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS OF THE SENATE
Senate
Manual
Section
CHAMBER AND FLOOR PROCEDURE
Provision for emergency authority relating to
Senate adjournments and recesses........................60
Authorizing regulations relating to the use of
official equipment......................................61
Votes shall be cast from assigned desk....................62
Authorizing a Senator to bring a young son or
daughter of the Senator onto the floor of the
Senate during votes.....................................63
To permit an individual with a disability with
access to the Senate floor to bring necessary
supporting aids and services............................64
Flowers in the Senate Chamber.............................65
Reading of Washington's Farewell Address..................66
Designation of the ``Daniel Webster Desk''................67
Designation of the Jefferson Davis Desk...................68
Designation of the Henry Clay Desk........................69
Television and radio broadcast of Senate Chamber
proceedings.............................................70
Reading of conference reports.............................71
Public disclosure of notice of intent to object
to a measure or matter..................................72
Permitting the waiving of the reading of an
amendment...............................................73
To provide for expedited Senate consideration of
certain nominations subject to advice and
consent.................................................74
COMMITTEES AND OTHER SENATE ENTITIES
Committee on Appropriations authority.....................75
Consultants for the Committee on Appropriations
76
Select Committee on Ethics................................77
Select Committee on Ethics--additional
responsibility..........................................78
Select Committee on Ethics--Chairman and Vice-
chairman legislative assistants clerk-hire
allowance...............................................79
Authorizing the Select Committee on Ethics to
provide training assistance to its
professional staff......................................80
Select Committee on Intelligence..........................81
Homeland security and intelligence oversight..............82
Reorganization of Senate committee system.................83
Special Committee on Aging..............................84
Committee on Indian Affairs.............................85
Committee assignments; chairmanships..................85.1
Scheduling of committee meetings......................85.2
Continuing review of the committee system.............85.3
[[Page 98]]
Acceptance of gifts by the Committee on Rules
and Administration......................................86
Authorizing suit by Senate committees.....................87
National Security Working Group...........................88
EMPLOYEES
Special Deputies..........................................89
Office of Deputy President pro tempore....................90
Managing Political Fund Activity..........................91
Senate Parliamentarian Emeritus...........................92
Senate Chief Counsel for Employment Emeritus..............93
Senate Historian Emeritus.................................94
Senate Curator Emeritus...................................95
Senate Security Director Emeritus.........................96
Persons not full-time employees of the Senate.............97
Senate pages..............................................98
Closing the office of a Senator or Senate leader
who dies or resigns.....................................99
Pay of committee staff displaced by change of
Chairman or Ranking Minority Member....................100
Pay of clerical and other assistants as affected
by termination of service of appointed
Senators...............................................101
Leave without pay status for certain Senate
employees performing service in the uniformed
services...............................................102
Loyalty checks on Senate employees.......................103
Equal employment opportunities...........................104
Mandating anti-harassment training for Senators
and officers, employees, and interns of, and
detailees to the Senate................................105
Senate youth program.....................................106
Senior citizen internship program........................107
EXPENSES
Transportation costs and travel expenses
incurred by Members and employees of the
Senate when engaged in authorized foreign
travel.................................................108
Documentation required for reimbursements out of
Senators' official office expense accounts.............109
Restrictions on certain expenses payable or
reimbursable from a Senator's official office
expense account........................................110
Debt collection..........................................111
Tort claims procedures...................................112
Reimbursement of witness expenses........................113
Authorizing the Senate to participate in
government transit programs............................114
ETHICS
Relative to contributions for costs of civil,
criminal, or other legal investigations of
Members, officers, or employees of the Senate
115
Clarifying rules regarding acceptance of pro
bono legal services by Senators........................116
[[Page 99]]
Standards of conduct for Members of the Senate
and officers and employees of the Senate...............117
Senate
Manual
Section
CEREMONIAL
Seal of the Senate.......................................118
Official Senate flag.....................................119
Seal of the President pro tempore........................120
Marble busts of Vice Presidents..........................121
Award of service pins or emblems.........................122
Designating the old Senate office building and
the new Senate office building as the
``Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office
Building'' and the ``Everett McKinley Dirksen
Senate Office Building'', respectively.................123
Designating the extension to the Dirksen Senate
office building as the ``Philip A. Hart Senate
Office Building''......................................124
Designating Room S-126 of the United States
Capitol as the ``Senator Daniel K. Inouye
Room''.................................................125
Prohibition on the removal of art and historic
objects from the Senate wing of the Capitol
and Senate office buildings for personal use
126
Commission on Art and Antiquities of the United
States Senate..........................................127
Interparliamentary activities and reception of
certain foreign officials..............................128
Authorizing the display of the Senate Leadership
Portrait Collection in the Senate lobby................129
Establishing a procedure for affixing and
removing permanent artwork and semi-permanent
artwork in the Senate wing of the Capitol and
in the Senate office buildings.........................130
RECORDS
Public access to Senate records at the National
Archives...............................................131
Printing in the Congressional Record.....................132
Printing of the Executive Journal........................133
Printing of memorial tributes to deceased former
Members of the Senate..................................134
Office of Senate Security................................135
[[Page 101]]
------------------------------------------------------------
NONSTATUTORY STANDING ORDERS NOT EMBRACED IN THE RULES, AND
RESOLUTIONS AFFECTING THE BUSINESS OF THE SENATE
------------------------------------------------------------
60 PROVISION FOR EMERGENCY AUTHORITY RELATING TO SENATE
ADJOURNMENTS AND RECESSES
Resolved, That the presiding officer of the Senate may
suspend any proceeding of the Senate, including a rollcall
vote or a quorum call, and declare a recess or adjournment
of the Senate subject to existing authorities or subject to
the call of the Chair, within the limits of article I,
section 5, clause 4, of the Constitution, whenever the
presiding officer has been notified of an imminent threat.
Sec. 2. When the Senate is out of session, the majority
and minority leaders, or their designees, may, acting
jointly and within the limits of article I, section 5,
clause 4, of the Constitution, modify any order for the time
or place of the convening of the Senate when, in their
opinion, such action is warranted by intervening
circumstances.
[S. Res. 296, 108-2, Feb. 3, 2004.]
61 AUTHORIZING REGULATIONS RELATING TO THE USE OF OFFICIAL
EQUIPMENT
Resolved, That (a) the Committee on Rules and
Administration of the Senate may issue regulations to
authorize a Senator or officer or employee of the Senate to
use official equipment for purposes incidental to the
conduct of their official duties.
(b) Any use under subsection (a) shall be subject to
such terms and conditions as set forth in the regulations.
[S. Res. 238, 108-1, Oct. 2, 2003.]
62 VOTES SHALL BE CAST FROM ASSIGNED DESK
Resolved, That it is a standing order of the Senate that
during yea and nay votes in the Senate, each Senator shall
vote from the assigned desk of the Senator.
[S. Res. 480, 98-2, Oct. 11, 1984.]
[[Page 102]]
63 AUTHORIZING A SENATOR TO BRING A YOUNG SON OR DAUGHTER OF
THE SENATOR ONTO THE FLOOR OF THE SENATE DURING VOTES
Resolved, Notwithstanding rule XXIII of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, a Senator who has a son or daughter (as
defined in section 101 of the Family and Medical Leave Act
of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2611)) under 1 year of age may bring the
son or daughter onto the floor of the Senate during votes.
[S. Res. 463, 115-2, Apr. 18, 2018.]
64 TO PERMIT AN INDIVIDUAL WITH A DISABILITY WITH ACCESS TO THE
SENATE FLOOR TO BRING NECESSARY SUPPORTING AIDS AND SERVICES
Resolved, That an individual with a disability who has
or is granted the privilege of the Senate floor under rule
XXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate may bring
necessary supporting aids and services (including service
dogs, wheelchairs, and interpreters) on the Senate floor,
unless the Senate Sergeant at Arms determines that the use
of such supporting aids and services would place a
significant difficulty or expense on the operations of the
Senate in accordance with paragraph 2 of rule 4 of the Rules
for Regulation of the Senate Wing of the United States
Capitol.
[S. Res. 110, 105-1, July 31, 1997.]
65 FLOWERS IN THE SENATE CHAMBER
Resolved, That until further orders the Sergeant at Arms
is instructed not to permit flowers to be brought into the
Senate Chamber.
[S. Jour. 261, 58-3, Feb. 24, 1905.]
Resolved, That notwithstanding the resolution of the
Senate of February 24, 1905, upon the death of a sitting
Senator, the majority leader and the minority leader may
permit a display of flowers to be placed upon the desk of
the deceased Senator on the day set aside for eulogies.
[S. Res. 221, 98-1, Sept. 15, 1983.]
66 READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS
Ordered, That, unless otherwise directed, on the twenty-
second day of February in each year, or if that day shall be
on Sunday, then on the day following, immediately after the
reading of the Journal, Washington's Farewell Address shall
be read to the Senate by a Senator to be designated
[[Page 103]]
for the purpose by the Presiding Officer; and that
thereafter the Senate will proceed with its ordinary
business.
[S. Jour. 103, 56-2, Jan. 24, 1901.]
67 DESIGNATION OF THE ``DANIEL WEBSTER DESK''
Resolved, That during the Ninety-fourth Congress and
each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the Senate
Chamber and commonly referred to as the ``Daniel Webster
Desk'' shall, at the request of the senior Senator from the
State of New Hampshire, be assigned to such Senator for use
in carrying out his or her Senatorial duties during that
Senator's term of office.
[S. Res. 469, 93-2, Dec. 19, 1974.]
68 DESIGNATION OF THE JEFFERSON DAVIS DESK
Resolved, That during the One Hundred Fourth Congress
and each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the
Senate Chamber and used by Senator Jefferson Davis shall, at
the request of the senior Senator from the State of
Mississippi, be assigned to such Senator, for use in
carrying out his or her senatorial duties during that
Senator's term of office.
[S. Res. 161, 104-1, Aug. 8, 1995.]
69 DESIGNATION OF THE HENRY CLAY DESK
Resolved, That during the One Hundred Sixth Congress and
each Congress thereafter, the desk located within the Senate
Chamber and used by Senator Henry Clay shall, at the request
of the senior Senator from the State of Kentucky, be
assigned to that Senator for use in carrying out his or her
senatorial duties during that Senator's term of office.
[S. Res. 89, 106-1, Apr. 28, 1999.]
70 TELEVISION AND RADIO BROADCAST OF SENATE CHAMBER PROCEEDINGS
Resolved, That (a) the Senate hereby authorizes and
directs that there be both television and radio broadcast
coverage (together with videotape and audio recordings) of
proceedings in the Senate Chamber.
(b) Such broadcast coverage shall be--
(1) provided in accordance with provisions of
this resolution;
(2) provided continuously, except for any time
when the Senate is conducting a quorum call, or when
a meeting with closed doors is ordered; and
[[Page 104]]
(3) provided subject to the provisions
pertaining to the Senate gallery contained in the
following Standing Rules of the Senate: rule XIX,
paragraphs 6 and 7; rule XXV, paragraph 1(n); and
rule XXXIII, paragraph 2.
Sec. 2. The radio and television broadcast of Senate
proceedings shall be supervised and operated by the Senate.
Sec. 3. The television broadcast of Senate proceedings
shall follow the Presiding Officer and Senators who are
speaking, clerks, and the chaplain except during rollcall
votes when the television cameras shall show the entire
Chamber.
Sec. 4. (a) The broadcast coverage by radio and
television of the proceedings of the Senate shall be
implemented as provided in this section.
(b) The Architect of the Capitol, in consultation with
the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, shall--
(1) construct necessary broadcasting facilities
for both radio and television (including a control
room and the modification of Senate sound and
lighting fixtures);
(2) employ necessary expert consultants; and
(3) acquire and install all necessary equipment
and facilities to (A) produce a broadcast-quality
``live'' audio and color video signal of such
proceedings, and (B) provide an archive-quality
audio and color video tape recording of such
proceedings:
Provided, That the Architect of the Capitol, in carrying out
the duties specified in clauses (1) through (3) of this
subsection, shall not enter into any contract for the
purchase or installation of equipment, for employment of any
consultant, or for the provision of training to any person,
unless the same shall first have been approved by the
Committee on Rules and Administration.
(c)(1) \1\ The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the
Senate shall--
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ As amended, S. Res. 459, 100-2, Sept. 14, 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A) employ such staff as may be necessary,
working in conjunction with the Senate Recording and
Photographic Studios, to operate and maintain all
broadcast audio and color video equipment installed
pursuant to this resolution;
[[Page 105]]
(B) make audio and video tape recordings, and
copies thereof as requested by the Secretary under
paragraph (2) of Senate proceedings; and
(C) retain for 30 session-days after the day any
Senate proceedings took place, such recordings
thereof, and as soon thereafter as possible,
transmit to the Secretary of the Senate copies of
such recordings.
The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate, in
carrying out the duties specified in subparagraphs (A) and
(B), shall comply with appropriate Senate procurement and
other regulations.
(2) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to obtain
from the Sergeant at Arms archival quality video recordings
of Senate proceedings and, as soon thereafter as possible,
transmit such recordings to the Librarian of Congress and to
the Archivist of the United States.
Sec. 5. (a) Radio coverage of Senate proceedings shall--
(1) begin as soon as the necessary equipment has
been installed; and
(2) be provided continuously at all times when
the Senate is in session (or is meeting in Committee
of the Whole), except for any time when a meeting
with closed doors is ordered.
Sec. 6.\2\ (a) The use of any tape duplication of radio
or television coverage of the proceedings of the Senate for
political campaign purposes is strictly prohibited.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ As amended, S. Res. 431, 100-2, June 7, 1988.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any tape
duplication of radio or television coverage of the
proceedings of the Senate furnished to any person or
organization shall be made on the condition, agreed to in
writing, that the tape duplication shall not be used for
political campaign purposes.
(2) Any public or commercial news organization furnished
a tape duplication described in paragraph (1) shall be
subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) but shall not be
required to enter into a written agreement.
Sec. 7. Any changes in the regulations made by this
resolution shall be made only by Senate resolution. However,
the Committee on Rules and Administration may adopt such
procedures and such regulations, which do not contravene the
regulations made by this resolution, as it deems necessary
to assure the proper implementation of the purposes of this
resolution.
[[Page 106]]
Sec. 8. Such funds as may be necessary (but not in
excess of $3,500,000) to carry out this resolution shall be
expended from the contingent fund of the Senate.
* * * * * * *
Sec. 14. Provided, that if the Senate authorizes the
permanent televising of the Senate pursuant to section 15,
that radio and television coverage of the Senate shall be
made available on a ``live'' basis and free of charge to (1)
any accredited member of the Senate Radio and Television
Correspondents Gallery, (2) the coaxial cable system of the
Architect of the Capitol, and (3) such other news gathering,
educational, or information distributing entity as may be
authorized by the Committee on Rules and Administration to
receive such broadcasts.
Sec. 15. Television coverage of the Senate shall cease
at the close of business July 15, 1986, and television
coverage of the Senate and the rules changes contained
herein shall continue, if the Senate agrees to the question,
which shall be put one hour after the Senate convenes on
July 29, 1986, ``Shall radio and television coverage
continue after this date, and shall the rules changes
contained herein continue?''.\3\ There shall be twelve hours
of debate on this question, to be equally divided and
controlled in the usual form, at the end of which any
Senator may propose as an alternative the question, ``Shall
the test period continue for thirty days?''. On this
question there shall be one hour of debate, equally divided
and controlled in the usual form. If this question is
decided in the affirmative, then thirty days hence, one hour
after the Senate convenes, the Senate shall proceed to vote
without intervening action on the question, ``Shall radio
and television coverage continue after this date and shall
the rules changes contained herein continue?''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\ Pursuant to this provision, the question was
considered and decided in the affirmative by a vote of 78-
21. See Daily Cong. Rec., 99th Cong., 2d sess., July 29,
1986, pp. 9750-9775.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 16. Provided, that official noting of a Senator's
absence from committees while the Senate is on television is
prohibited.
[S. Res. 28, 99-2, Feb. 27, 1986.]
Sec. 17. The Secretary of the Senate shall, subject to
the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, contract with the Secretary of Education to
provide closed captioning of the Senate floor proceedings.
The Senate authorizes the Secretary of Education to have ac
[[Page 107]]
cess to the audio and video broadcast of the Senate floor
proceedings for the purpose of captioning. Such funds as may
be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section are
authorized to be paid from the contingent fund of the
Senate.
[S. Res. 13, 101-1, June 21, 1989.]
Resolved, That, notwithstanding any other provision of
S. Res. 28, agreed to February 27, 1986, television coverage
of the Senate shall resume July 21, 1986 under the same
basis as provided during the live test period under section
5 of S. Res. 28 unless the Senate votes pursuant to section
15 of S. Res. 28 to end coverage.
[S. Res. 444, 99-2, July 15, 1986.]
71 READING OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
Sec. 903. Beginning on the first day of the 107th
Congress, the Presiding Officer of the Senate shall apply
all of the precedents of the Senate under Rule XXVIII in
effect at the conclusion of the 103d Congress. Further that
there is now in effect a Standing order of the Senate that
the reading of conference reports is no longer required, if
the said conference report is available in the Senate.
[Pub. L. 106-554, Div. A, ch. 9, Sec. 903, Dec. 21, 2000.]
72 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF NOTICE OF INTENT TO OBJECT TO A MEASURE
OR MATTER
Resolved
Sec. 1. Eliminating Secret Senate Holds.
(a) In General.--
(1) Covered Request.--This standing order shall
apply to a notice of intent to object to the
following covered requests:
(A) A unanimous consent request to
proceed to a bill, resolution, joint
resolution, concurrent resolution,
conference report, or amendment between the
Houses.
(B) A unanimous consent request to pass
a bill or joint resolution or adopt a
resolution, concurrent resolution,
conference report, or the disposition of an
amendment between the Houses.
(C) A unanimous consent request for the
disposition of a nomination.
(2) Recognition of Notice of Intent.--The
majority and minority leaders of the Senate or their
designees shall recognize a notice of intent to
object to a covered
[[Page 108]]
request of a Senator who is a member of their caucus
if the Senator--
(A) submits the notice of intent to
object in writing to the appropriate leader
and grants in the notice of intent to object
permission for the leader or designee to
object in the Senator's name; and
(B) not later than 2 session days after
submitting the notice of intent to object to
the appropriate leader, submits a copy of
the notice of intent to object to the
Congressional Record and to the Legislative
Clerk for inclusion in the applicable
calendar section described in subsection
(b).
(3) Form of Notice.--To be recognized by the
appropriate leader a Senator shall submit the
following notice of intent to object:
``I, Senator --------------, intend to
object to ------------, dated --------------
--. I will submit a copy of this notice to
the Legislative Clerk and the Congressional
Record within 2 session days and I give my
permission to the objecting Senator to
object in my name.''. The first blank shall
be filled with the name of the Senator, the
second blank shall be filled with the name
of the covered request, the name of the
measure or matter and, if applicable, the
calendar number, and the third blank shall
be filled with the date that the notice of
intent to object is submitted.
(4) Notices on the Senate Floor.--The
requirement to submit a notice of intent to object
to the Legislative Clerk and the Congressional
Record shall not apply in the event a Senator
objects on the floor of the Senate and states the
following:
``I object to ----------------, on
behalf of Senator ----------------.''
(b) Calendar.--
(1) Objection.--Upon receiving the submission
under subsection (a)(2)(B), the Legislative Clerk
shall add the information from the notice of intent
to object to the applicable Calendar section
entitled `Notices of Intent to Object to Proceeding'
created by Public Law 110-81. Each section shall
include the name of each Senator filing a notice
under subsection (a)(2)(B), the measure or matter
covered by the calendar to
[[Page 109]]
which the notice of intent to object relates, and
the date the notice of intent to object was filed.
(2) Objection on Behalf.--In the case of an
objection made under subsection (a)(4), not later
than 2 session days after the objection is made on
the floor, the Legislative Clerk shall add the
information from such objection to the applicable
Calendar section entitled ``Notices of Intent to
Object to Proceeding'' created by Public Law 110-81.
Each section shall include the name of the Senator
on whose behalf the objection was made, the measure
or matter objected to, and the date the objection
was made on the floor.
(c) Removal.--A Senator may have notice of intent to
object relating to that Senator removed from a calendar to
which it was added under subsection (b) by submitting to the
Legislative Clerk the following notice:
``I, Senator ------------------, do not
object to ----------------, dated ----------
------.'' The first blank shall be filled
with the name of the Senator, the second
blank shall be filled with the name of the
covered request, the name of the measure or
matter and, if applicable, the calendar
number, and the third blank shall be filled
with the date of the submission to the
Legislative Clerk under this subsection.
(d) Objecting on Behalf of a Member.--Except with
respect to objections made under subsection (a)(4), if a
Senator who has notified his or her leader of an intent to
object to a covered request fails to submit a notice of
intent to object under subsection (a)(2)(b) within 2 session
days following an objection to a covered request by the
leader or his or her designee on that Senator's behalf, the
Legislative Clerk shall list the Senator who made the
objection to the covered request in the applicable ``Notice
of Intent to Object to Proceeding'' calendar section.
[S. Res. 28, 112-1, Jan. 27, 2011.]
73 PERMITTING THE WAIVING OF THE READING OF AN AMENDMENT
Resolved,
Sec. 1. Reading of Amendments.
(a) Standing Order.--This section shall be a
standing order of the Senate.
(b) Waiver.--The reading of an amendment may be
waived by a non-debatable motion if the amendment--
[[Page 110]]
(1) has been submitted at least 72 hours
before the motion; and
(2) is available in printed or
electronic form in the Congressional Record.
[S. Res. 29, 112-1, Jan. 27, 2011.]
74 TO PROVIDE FOR EXPEDITED SENATE CONSIDERATION OF CERTAIN
NOMINATIONS SUBJECT TO ADVICE AND CONSENT
Resolved,
Sec. 1. Procedure For Consideration.
(a) Privileged Nominations; Information Requested--Upon
receipt by the Senate of a nomination described in section
2, the nomination shall--
(1) be placed on the Executive Calendar under
the heading `Privileged Nominations--Information
Requested'; and
(2) remain on the Executive Calendar under such
heading until the Executive Clerk receives a written
certification from the Chairman of the committee of
jurisdiction under subsection (b).
(b) Questionnaires--The Chairman of the committee of
jurisdiction shall notify the Executive Clerk in writing
when the appropriate biographical and financial
questionnaires have been received from an individual
nominated for a position described in section 2.
(c) Privileged Nominations; Information Received--Upon
receipt of the certification under subsection (b), the
nomination shall--
(1) be placed on the Executive Calendar under
the heading `Privileged Nomination--Information
Received' and remain on the Executive Calendar under
such heading for 10 session days; and
(2) after the expiration of the period referred
to in paragraph (1), be placed on the `Nominations'
section of the Executive Calendar.
(d) Referral to Committee of Jurisdiction--During the
period when a nomination described in subsection (a) is
listed under the `Privileged Nomination--Information
Requested' section of the Executive Calendar described in
section (a)(1) or the `Privileged Nomination--Information
Received' section of the Executive Calendar described in
section (c)(1)--
(1) any Senator may request on his or her own
behalf, or on the behalf of any identified Senator
that the nomination be referred to the appropriate
committee of jurisdiction; and
[[Page 111]]
(2) if a Senator makes a request described in
paragraph (1), the nomination shall be referred to
the appropriate committee of jurisdiction.
Sec. 2. Nominations Covered.
The following nominations for the positions described
(including total number of individuals to be appointed for
the position) shall be considered under the provisions of
this resolution:
(1) The Chairman and the Members of the Advisory
Board for Cuba Broadcasting (9 Members including
Chairman).
(2) The Chairman and the Members of the
Corporation for National and Community Service (15
Members including Chairman).
(3) The Chairman and the Members of the Federal
Retirement Thrift Investment Boards (5 Members
including Chairman).
(4) The Members of the Internal Revenue Service
Oversight Board (7 Members).
(5) The Members of the Board of the Millennium
Challenge Corporation (4 Members).
(6) The Members of the National Council on the
Arts (18 Members).
(7) The Members of the National Council for the
Humanities (26 Members).
(8) The Members of the Board of Directors of the
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (8 Members).
(9) The Members of the Peace Corps National
Advisory Council (15 Members).
(10) The Chairman, Vice Chairman, and the
Members of the Board of Directors for the United
States Institute of Peace (12 Members including
Chairman and Vice Chairman).
(11) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (5
Members).
(12) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the National Consumer Cooperative Bank (3 Members).
(13) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the National Institute of Building Sciences (6
Members).
(14) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (5
Members).
[[Page 112]]
(15) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority (3
Members).
(16) The Members of the Saint Lawrence Seaway
Development Corporation Advisory Board (5 Members).
(17) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
Morris K. Udall Scholarship and Excellence in
National Environmental Policy Foundation (9
Members).
(18) The Members the Board of Trustees of the
Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund (2 Members).
(19) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
Federal Old Age and Survivors Trust Fund and
Disability Insurance Trust Fund (2 Members).
(20) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund
(2 Members).
(21) The Members of the Social Security Advisory
Board (3 Members).
(22) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the African Development Foundation (7 Members).
(23) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the Inter American Foundation (9 Members).
(24) The Commissioners of the United States
Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy (7 Members).
(25) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in
Education Foundation (8 Members).
(26) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
Harry Truman Scholarship Foundation (8 Members).
(27) The Members of the Board of Trustees of the
James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation (6
Members).
(28) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the Legal Services Corporation (11 Members).
(29) The Members of the Foreign Claims
Settlement Commission (2 Members).
(30) The Members of the Board of Directors of
the State Justice Institute (11 Members).
(31) Chief Financial Officer, from the
following:
(A) Department of Agriculture.
(B) Department of Commerce.
(C) Department of Defense.
(D) Department of Education.
(E) Department of Energy.
[[Page 113]]
(F) Department of Environmental
Protection Agency.
(G) Department of Health and Human
Services.
(H) Department of Homeland Security.
(I) Department of Housing and Urban
Development.
(J) Department of the Interior.
(K) Department of Labor.
(L) National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
(M) Department of State.
(N) Department of Transportation.
(O) Department of the Treasury.
(P) Department of Veterans Affairs.
(32) Assistant Secretary for Financial
Management of the Air Force.
(33) Assistant Secretary for Financial
Management of the Army.
(34) Assistant Secretary for Financial
Management of Navy.
(35) Controller, Office of Federal Financial
Management, Office of Management and Budget.
(36) Assistant Secretaries or other officials
whose primary responsibility is legislative affairs
from the following:
(A) Department of Agriculture.
(B) Department of Energy.
(C) Department of Defense.
(D) Department of Housing and Urban
Development.
(E) Department of Commerce.
(F) Department of Treasury.
(G) Department of State.
(H) Department of Health and Human
Services.
(I) United States Agency for
International Development.
(J) Department of Education.
(K) Department of Labor.
(L) Department of Justice.
(M) Department of Veterans Affairs.
(N) Department of Transportation.
(37) Commissioner, Rehabilitative Services
Administration, Department of Education.
[[Page 114]]
(38) Commissioner, Administration for Children,
Youth, and Families, Department of Health and Human
Services.
(39) Commissioner, Administration for Native
Americans, Department of Health and Human Services.
(40) Federal Coordinator, Alaska Natural Gas
Transportation Projects.
(41) Assistant Secretary for Administration,
Department of Commerce.\4\
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\4\ Sec. 324 of Pub. L. 114-1, Jan. 12, 2015,
established that the 13 members of the Board of Directors of
the National Association of Registered Agents and Brokers,
``shall be appointed by the President, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, in accordance with the
procedures established under Senate Resolution 116 of the
112th Congress.''
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Sec. 3. Executive Calendar.
The Secretary of the Senate shall create the appropriate
sections on the Executive Calendar to reflect and effectuate
the requirements of this resolution.
Sec. 4. Committee Justification for New Executive
Positions.
The report accompanying each bill or joint resolution of
a public character reported by any committee shall contain
an evaluation and justification made by such committee for
the establishment in the measure being reported of any new
position appointed by the President within an existing or
new Federal entity.
Sec. 5. Effective Date.
This resolution shall take effect 60 days after the date
of adoption of this resolution.
[S. Res. 116, 112-1, Jun. 29, 2011.]
75 COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS AUTHORITY
Resolved, That for the purpose of obtaining and laying
factual data and information before the Senate Committee on
Appropriations, or any subcommittee thereof, for its
consideration in the discharge of its functions, the
chairman or acting chairman of said committee is hereby
authorized and directed, within the limit of funds made
available by resolutions of the Senate, to appoint and
employ such experts as he may deem necessary to obtain such
data and information, and such experts, upon the written
authority of the chairman or acting chairman, shall have the
right to examine the books, documents, papers, reports, or
other records of any department, agency, or establishment of
the
[[Page 115]]
Federal Government in the District of Columbia and
elsewhere; be it further
Resolved, That the said committee through its chairman
is hereby authorized, within the limit of funds made
available by resolutions of the Senate, to appoint
additional clerical help and assistants.
[S. Res. 193, 78-1, Oct. 14, 1943; S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar.
11, 1980.]
76 CONSULTANTS FOR THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
Resolved, That within the limit of funds appropriated
for expenses of inquiries and investigations for the
Committee on Appropriations, the committee may expend such
sums as it deems appropriate and necessary for the
procurement of the services of individual consultants or
organizations. Such services in the case of individuals or
organizations may be procured by contract as independent
contractors, or in the case of individuals by employment at
daily rates of compensation not in excess of the per diem
equivalent of the highest gross rate of compensation which
may be paid to a regular employee of the committee. Such
contracts may be made in the same manner and subject to the
same conditions with respect to advertising as required of
other standing committees of the Senate under section
202(i)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, as
amended.
[S. Res. 140, 94-1, May 14, 1975.]
77 SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS
Resolved, That (a) there is hereby established a
permanent select committee of the Senate to be known as the
Select Committee on Ethics (referred to hereinafter as the
``Select Committee'') consisting of six Members of the
Senate, of whom three shall be selected from members of the
majority party and three shall be selected from members of
the minority party. Members thereof shall be appointed by
the Senate in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1
of rule XXIV of the Standing Rules of the Senate at the
beginning of each Congress. The Select Committee shall
select a chairman or a vice chairman from among its members.
For purposes of paragraph 4\5\ of rule XXV of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, service of a Senator as a member or
chairman of the Select Committee shall not be taken into
account.
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\5\ Changed from ``paragraph 6'' as a result of the
adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
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[[Page 116]]
(b) Vacancies in the membership of the Select Committee
shall not affect the authority of the remaining members to
execute the functions of the committee, and shall be filled
in the same manner as original appointments thereto are
made.
(c)(1) A majority of the members of the Select Committee
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
involving complaints and allegations of misconduct,
including the consideration of matters involving sworn
complaints, unsworn allegations or information, resultant
preliminary inquiries, initial reviews, investigations,
hearings, recommendations or reports, and matters relating
to S. Res. 400, agreed to May 19, 1976.
(2) Three members shall constitute a quorum for the
transaction of the routine business of the Select Committee
not covered by the first paragraph of this subparagraph,
including requests for opinions and interpretations
concerning the Code of Official Conduct or any other statute
or regulation under the jurisdiction of the Select
Committee, if one member of the quorum is a member of the
majority party and one member of the quorum is a member of
the minority party. During the transaction of routine
business any member of the Select Committee constituting the
quorum shall have the right to postpone further discussion
of a pending matter until such time as a majority of the
members of the Select Committee are present.
(3) The Select Committee may fix a lesser number as a
quorum for the purpose of taking sworn testimony.
(d) (Repealed by S. Res. 271, 96-1, Oct. 31, 1979.)
(e)(1) A member of the Select Committee shall be
ineligible to participate in any initial review or
investigation relating to his own conduct, the conduct of
any officer or employee he supervises, or the conduct of any
employee of any officer he supervises, or relating to any
complaint filed by him, and the determinations and
recommendations of the Select Committee with respect
thereto. For purposes of this subparagraph, a Member of the
Select Committee and an officer of the Senate shall be
deemed to supervise any officer or employee consistent with
the provision of paragraph 11 of rule XXXVII\6\ of the
Standing Rules of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ Changed from ``paragraph 12 of rule XLV'' as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979;
further changed from ``paragraph 11 of rule XLV'' as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 117]]
(2) A member of the Select Committee may, at his
discretion, disqualify himself from participating in any
initial review or investigation pending before the Select
Committee and the determinations and recommendations of the
Select Committee with respect thereto. Notice of such
disqualification shall be given in writing to the President
of the Senate.
(3) Whenever any member of the Select Committee is
ineligible under paragraph (1) to participate in any initial
review or investigation or disqualifies himself under
paragraph (2) from participating in any initial review or
investigation, another Member of the Senate shall, subject
to the provisions of subsection (d), be appointed to serve
as a member of the Select Committee solely for purposes of
such initial review or investigation and the determinations
and recommendations of the Select Committee with respect
thereto. Any Member of the Senate appointed for such
purposes shall be of the same party as the Member who is
ineligible or disqualifies himself.
Sec. 2. (a) It shall be the duty of the Select Committee
to--
(1) receive complaints and investigate
allegations of improper conduct which may reflect
upon the Senate, violations of law, violations of
the Senate Code of Official Conduct, and violations
of rules and regulations of the Senate, relating to
the conduct of individuals in the performance of
their duties as Members of the Senate, or as
officers or employees of the Senate, and to make
appropriate findings of fact and conclusions with
respect thereto;
(2) recommend to the Senate by report or
resolution by a majority vote of the full committee
disciplinary action (including, but not limited to,
in the case of a Member: censure, expulsion, or
recommendation to the appropriate party conference
regarding such Member's seniority or positions of
responsibility; and, in the case of an officer or
employee: suspension or dismissal) to be taken with
respect to such violations which the Select
Committee shall determine, after according to the
individuals concerned due notice and opportunity for
hearing, to have occurred;
(3) recommend to the Senate, by report or
resolution, such additional rules or regulations as
the Select Committee shall determine to be necessary
or desirable to insure proper standards of conduct
by Mem
[[Page 118]]
bers of the Senate, and by officers or employees of
the Senate, in the performance of their duties and
the discharge of their responsibilities; and
(4) report violations by a majority vote of the
full committee of any law to the proper Federal and
State authorities.
(b)(1) Each sworn complaint filed with the Select
Committee shall be in writing, shall be in such form as the
Select Committee may prescribe by regulation, and shall be
under oath.
(2) For purposes of this section, ``sworn complaint''
means a statement of facts within the personal knowledge of
the complainant alleging a violation of law, the Senate Code
of Official Conduct, or any other rule or regulation of the
Senate relating to the conduct of individuals in the
performance of their duties as Members, officers, or
employees of the Senate.
(3) Any person who knowingly and willfully swears
falsely to a sworn complaint does so under penalty of
perjury, and the Select Committee may refer any such case to
the Attorney General for prosecution.
(4) For the purposes of this section, ``investigation''
is a proceeding undertaken by the Select Committee after a
finding, on the basis of an initial review, that there is
substantial credible evidence which provides substantial
cause for the Select Committee to conclude that a violation
within the jurisdiction of the Select Committee has
occurred.
(c)(1) No investigation of conduct of a Member or
officer of the Senate, and no report, resolution, or
recommendation relating thereto, may be made unless approved
by the affirmative recorded vote of not less than four
members of the Select Committee.
(2) No other resolution, report, recommendation,
interpretative ruling, or advisory opinion may be made
without an affirmative vote of a majority of the members of
the Select Committee voting.
(d)(1) When the Select Committee receives a sworn
complaint against a Member or officer of the Senate, it
shall promptly conduct an initial review of that complaint.
The initial review shall be of duration and scope necessary
to determine whether there is substantial credible evidence
which provides substantial cause for the Select Committee to
conclude that a violation within the jurisdiction of the
Select Committee has occurred.
[[Page 119]]
(2) If as a result of an initial review under paragraph
(1), the Select Committee determines by a recorded vote that
there is not such substantial credible evidence, the Select
Committee shall report such determination to the complainant
and to the party charged, together with an explanation of
the basis of such determination.
(3) If as a result of an initial review under paragraph
(1), the Select Committee determines that a violation is
inadvertent, technical, or otherwise of a de minimis nature,
the Select Committee may attempt to correct or prevent such
a violation by informal methods.
(4) If as the result of an initial review under
paragraph (1), the Select Committee determines that there is
such substantial credible evidence but that the violation,
if proven, is neither of a de minimis nature nor
sufficiently serious to justify any of the penalties
expressly referred to in subsection (a)(2), the Select
Committee may propose a remedy it deems appropriate. If the
matter is thereby resolved, a summary of the Select
Committee's conclusions and the remedy proposed shall be
filed as a public record with the Secretary of the Senate
and a notice of such filing shall be printed in the
Congressional Record.
(5) If as the result of an initial review under
paragraph (1), the Select Committee determines that there is
such substantial credible evidence, the Select Committee
shall promptly conduct an investigation if (A) the
violation, if proven, would be sufficiently serious, in the
judgment of the Select Committee, to warrant imposition of
one or more of the penalties expressly referred to in
subsection (a)(2), or (B) the violation, if proven, is less
serious, but was not resolved pursuant to paragraph (4)
above. Upon the conclusion of such investigation, the Select
Committee shall report to the Senate, as soon as
practicable, the results of such investigation together with
its recommendations (if any) pursuant to subsection (a)(2).
(6) Upon the conclusion of any other investigation
respecting the conduct of a Member or officer undertaken by
the Select Committee, the Select Committee shall report to
the Senate, as soon as practicable, the results of such
investigation together with its recommendations (if any)
pursuant to subsection (a)(2).
(e) When the Select Committee receives a sworn complaint
against an employee of the Senate, it shall consider the
complaint according to procedures it deems appro
[[Page 120]]
priate. If the Select Committee determines that the
complaint is without substantial merit, it shall notify the
complainant and the accused of its determination, together
with an explanation of the basis of such determination.
(f) The Select Committee may, in its discretion, employ
hearing examiners to hear testimony and make findings of
fact and/or recommendations to the Select Committee
concerning the disposition of complaints.
(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section,
no initial review or investigation shall be made of any
alleged violation of any law, the Senate Code of Official
Conduct, rule, or regulation which was not in effect at the
time the alleged violation occurred. No provision of the
Senate Code of Official Conduct shall apply to or require
disclosure of any act, relationship, or transaction which
occurred prior to the effective date of the applicable
provision of the Code. The Select Committee may conduct an
initial review or investigation of any alleged violation of
a rule or law which was in effect prior to the enactment of
the Senate Code of Official Conduct if the alleged violation
occurred while such rule or law was in effect and the
violation was not a matter resolved on the merits by the
predecessor Select Committee.
(h) The Select Committee shall adopt written rules
setting forth procedures to be used in conducting
investigations of complaints.
(i) The Select Committee from time to time shall
transmit to the Senate its recommendation as to any
legislative measures which it may consider to be necessary
for the effective discharge of its duties.
Sec. 3. (a) The Select Committee is authorized to (1)
make such expenditures; (2) hold such hearings; (3) sit and
act at such times and places during the sessions, recesses,
and adjournment periods of the Senate; (4) require by
subpoena or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and
the production of such correspondence, books, papers, and
documents; (5) administer such oaths; (6) take such
testimony orally or by deposition; (7) employ and fix the
compensation of a staff director, a counsel, an assistant
counsel, one or more investigators, one or more hearing
examiners, and such technical, clerical, and other
assistants and consultants as it deems advisable; and (8) to
procure the temporary services (not in excess of one year)
or intermittent services of individual consultants, or
organizations
[[Page 121]]
thereof, by contract as independent contractors or, in the
case of individuals, by employment at daily rates of
compensation not in excess of the per diem equivalent of the
highest rate of compensation which may be paid to a regular
employee of the Select Committee.
(b)(1) The Select Committee is authorized to retain and
compensate counsel not employed by the Senate (or by any
department or agency of the executive branch of the
Government) whenever the Select Committee determines that
the retention of outside counsel is necessary or appropriate
for any action regarding any complaint or allegation, which,
in the determination of the Select Committee is more
appropriately conducted by counsel not employed by the
Government of the United States as a regular employee.
(2) Any investigation conducted under section 2 shall be
conducted by outside counsel as authorized in paragraph (1),
unless the Select Committee determines not to use outside
counsel.
(c) With the prior consent of the department or agency
concerned, the Select Committee may (1) utilize the
services, information, and facilities of any such department
or agency of the Government, and (2) employ on a
reimbursable basis or otherwise the services of such
personnel of any such department or agency as it deems
advisable. With the consent of any other committee of the
Senate, or any subcommittee thereof, the Select Committee
may utilize the facilities and the services of the staff of
such other committee or subcommittee whenever the chairman
of the Select Committee determines that such action is
necessary and appropriate.
(d) Subpoenas may be issued (1) by the Select Committee
or (2) by the chairman and vice chairman, acting jointly.
Any such subpoena shall be signed by the chairman or the
vice chairman and may be served by any person designated by
such chairman or vice chairman. The chairman of the Select
Committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to
witnesses.
(e)(1) The Select Committee shall prescribe and publish
such regulations as it feels are necessary to implement the
Senate Code of Official Conduct.
(2) The Select Committee is authorized to issue
interpretative rulings explaining and clarifying the
application of
[[Page 122]]
any law, the Code of Official Conduct, or any rule or
regulation of the Senate within its jurisdiction.
(3) The Select Committee shall render an advisory
opinion, in writing within a reasonable time, in response to
a written request by a Member or officer of the Senate or a
candidate for nomination for election, or election to the
Senate, concerning the application of any law, the Senate
Code of Official Conduct, or any rule or regulation of the
Senate within its jurisdiction to a specific factual
situation pertinent to the conduct or proposed conduct of
the person seeking the advisory opinion.
(4) The Select Committee may in its discretion render an
advisory opinion in writing within a reasonable time in
response to a written request by any employee of the Senate
concerning the application of any law, the Senate Code of
Official Conduct, or any rule or regulation of the Senate
within its jurisdiction to a specific factual situation
pertinent to the conduct or proposed conduct of the person
seeking the advisory opinion.
(5) Notwithstanding any provision of the Senate Code of
Official Conduct or any rule or regulation of the Senate,
any person who relies upon any provision or finding of an
advisory opinion in accordance with the provisions of
paragraphs (3) and (4) and who acts in good faith in
accordance with the provisions and findings of such advisory
opinion shall not, as a result of any such act, be subject
to any sanction by the Senate.
(6) Any advisory opinion rendered by the Select
Committee under paragraphs (3) and (4) may be relied upon by
(A) any person involved in the specific transaction or
activity with respect to which such advisory opinion is
rendered: Provided, however, That the request for such
advisory opinion included a complete and accurate statement
of the specific factual situation; and (B) any person
involved in any specific transaction or activity which is
indistinguishable in all its material aspects from the
transaction or activity with respect to which such advisory
opinion is rendered.
(7) Any advisory opinion issued in response to a request
under paragraph (3) or (4) shall be printed in the
Congressional Record with appropriate deletions to assure
the privacy of the individual concerned. The Select
Committee shall to the extent practicable, before rendering
an advisory opinion, provide any interested party with an
opportunity
[[Page 123]]
to transmit written comments to the Select Committee with
respect to the request for such advisory opinion. The
advisory opinions issued by the Select Committee shall be
compiled, indexed, reproduced, and made available on a
periodic basis.
(8) A brief description of a waiver granted under
section 102(a)(2)(B) of Title I of Ethics in Government Act
of 1978\7\ or paragraph 1 of rule XXXV\8\ of the Standing
Rules of the Senate shall be made available upon request in
the Select Committee office with appropriate deletions to
assure the privacy of the individual concerned.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\7\Changed from ``paragraph 2(c), of rule XLII'' as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 220, 96-1, Aug. 3, 1979.
\8\Changed from ``paragraph 1 of rule XLIII'' as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec. 4. The expenses of the Select Committee under this
resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund of the
Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the Select
Committee.
Sec. 5. As used in this resolution, the term ``officer
or employee of the Senate'' means--
(1) an elected officer of the Senate who is not
a Member of the Senate;
(2) an employee of the Senate, any committee or
subcommittee of the Senate, or any Member of the
Senate;
(3) the Legislative Counsel of the Senate or any
employee of his office;
(4) an Official Reporter of Debates of the
Senate and any person employed by the Official
Reporters of Debates of the Senate in connection
with the performance of their official duties;
(5) a member of the Capitol Police force whose
compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the
Senate;
(6) an employee of the Vice President if such
employee's compensation is disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate;
(7) an employee of a joint committee of the
Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate.
[S. Res. 338, 88-2, July 24, 1964; S. Res. 368, 93-2, July
25, 1974; S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 110, 95-1,
Apr. 1, 1977; S. Res. 230, 95-1, July 25, 1977; S. Res. 312,
95-1, Nov. 1, 1977; S. Res. 271, 96-1, Oct. 31, 1979; S.
Res. 78, 97-1, Feb. 24, 1981.]
[[Page 124]]
78 SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS--ADDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY
Resolved, That the Senate assigns responsibility for
administering the reporting requirements of Title I of the
Ethics in Government Act of 1978 to the Select Committee on
Ethics.
[S. Res. 223, 96-1, Aug. 2, 1979.]
79 SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS--CHAIRMAN AND VICE-CHAIRMAN
LEGISLATIVE ASSISTANTS CLERK-HIRE ALLOWANCE
Resolved, That effective October 31, 1979, service of a
Senator as the chairman or ranking minority member of the
Select Committee on Ethics shall not be taken into account
for purposes of applying section 111(b) of the Legislative
Branch Appropriation Act, 1978.
[S. Res. 290, 96-1, Nov. 27, 1979.]
80 AUTHORIZING THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON ETHICS TO PROVIDE
TRAINING ASSISTANCE TO ITS PROFESSIONAL STAFF
Resolved, That the Select Committee on Ethics
(hereinafter referred to as the ``Select Committee'') is
authorized, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and
Administration, to provide assistance for members of its
professional staff in obtaining specialized training,
whenever the Select Committee determines that such training
will aid it in the discharge of its responsibilities.
Sec. 2. (a) Assistance provided under authority of this
resolution may be in the form of continuance of pay during
periods of training or grants of funds to pay tuition, fees,
or such other expenses of training, or both, as may be
approved by the Committee on Rules and Administration.
(b) The Select Committee shall obtain from any employee
receiving such assistance such agreement with respect to
continued employment with the Select Committee as it may
deem necessary to assure that it will receive the benefits
of such employee's services upon completion of his training.
Sec. 3. The expenses of the Select Committee in
providing assistance under authority of this resolution
shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon
vouchers approved by the chairman of the Select Committee.
[S. Res. 425, 97-2, Aug. 12, 1982.]
[[Page 125]]
81 SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE
Resolved, That it is the purpose of this resolution to
establish a new select committee of the Senate, to be known
as the Select Committee on Intelligence, to oversee and make
continuing studies of the intelligence activities and
programs of the United States Government, and to submit to
the Senate appropriate proposals for legislation and report
to the Senate concerning such intelligence activities and
programs. In carrying out this purpose, the Select Committee
on Intelligence shall make every effort to assure that the
appropriate departments and agencies of the United States
provide informed and timely intelligence necessary for the
executive and legislative branches to make sound decisions
affecting the security and vital interests of the Nation. It
is further the purpose of this resolution to provide
vigilant legislative oversight over the intelligence
activities of the United States to assure that such
activities are in conformity with the Constitution and laws
of the United States.
Sec. 2. (a)(1) There is hereby established a select
committee to be known as the Select Committee on
Intelligence (hereinafter in this resolution referred to as
the ``select committee''). The select committee shall be
composed of not to exceed fifteen Members appointed as
follows:
(A) two members from the Committee on
Appropriations;
(B) two members from the Committee on Armed
Services;
(C) two members from the Committee on Foreign
Relations;
(D) two members from the Committee on the
Judiciary; and
(E) not to exceed seven members to be appointed
from the Senate at large.
(2) Members appointed from each committee named in
clauses (A) through (D) of paragraph (1) shall be evenly
divided between the two major political parties and shall be
appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate upon
the recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of
the Senate. Of any members appointed under paragraph (1)(E),
the majority leader shall appoint the majority members and
the minority leader shall appoint the minority members, with
the majority having a one vote margin.
[[Page 126]]
(3)(A) The majority leader of the Senate and the
minority leader of the Senate shall be ex officio members of
the select committee but shall have no vote in the Committee
and shall not be counted for purposes of determining a
quorum.
(B) The Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on
Armed Services (if not already a member of the select
Committee) shall be ex officio members of the select
Committee but shall have no vote in the Committee and shall
not be counted for purposes of determining a quorum.
(b) At the beginning of each Congress, the Majority
Leader of the Senate shall select a chairman of the select
Committee and the Minority Leader shall select a vice
chairman for the select Committee. The vice chairman shall
act in the place and stead of the chairman in the absence of
the chairman. Neither the chairman nor the vice chairman of
the select committee shall at the same time serve as
chairman or ranking minority member of any other committee
referred to in paragraph 4(e)(1) of rule XXV of the Standing
Rules of the Senate.
(c) The select Committee may be organized into
subcommittees. Each subcommittee shall have a chairman and a
vice chairman who are selected by the Chairman and Vice
Chairman of the select Committee, respectively.
Sec. 3. (a) There shall be referred to the select
committee all proposed legislation, messages, petitions,
memorials, and other matters relating to the following:
(1) The Office of the Director of National
Intelligence and the Director of National
Intelligence.
(2) The Central Intelligence Agency and the
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.
(3) Intelligence activities of all other
departments and agencies of the Government,
including, but not limited to, the intelligence
activities of the Defense Intelligence Agency, the
National Security Agency, and other agencies of the
Department of Defense; the Department of State; the
Department of Justice; and the Department of the
Treasury.
(4) The organization or reorganization of any
department or agency of the Government to the extent
that the organization or reorganization relates to a
function or activity involving intelligence
activities.
(5) Authorizations for appropriations, both
direct and indirect, for the following:
[[Page 127]]
(A) The Office of the Director of
National Intelligence and the Director of
National Intelligence.
(B) The Central Intelligence Agency and
the Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
(C) The Defense Intelligence Agency.
(D) The National Security Agency.
(E) The intelligence activities of other
agencies and subdivisions of the Department
of Defense.
(F) The intelligence activities of the
Department of State.
(G) The intelligence activities of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(H) Any department, agency, or
subdivision which is the successor to any
agency named in clause (A), (B), (C) or (D);
and the activities of any department,
agency, or subdivision which is the
successor to any department, agency, bureau,
or subdivision named in clause (E), (F), or
(G) to the extent that the activities of
such successor department, agency, or
subdivision are activities described in
clause (E), (F), or (G).
(b)(1) Any proposed legislation reported by the select
Committee except any legislation involving matters specified
in clause (1), (2), (5)(A), or (5)(B) of subsection (a),
containing any matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of
any standing committee shall, at the request of the chairman
of such standing committee, be referred to such standing
committee for its consideration of such matter and be
reported to the Senate by such standing committee within 10
days after the day on which such proposed legislation, in
its entirety and including annexes, is referred to such
standing committee; and any proposed legislation reported by
any committee, other than the select Committee, which
contains any matter within the jurisdiction of the select
Committee shall, at the request of the chairman of the
select Committee, be referred to the select Committee for
its consideration of such matter and be reported to the
Senate by the select Committee within 10 days after the day
on which such proposed legislation, in its entirety and
including annexes, is referred to such committee.
(2) In any case in which a committee fails to report any
proposed legislation referred to it within the time limit
prescribed in this subsection, such Committee shall be
automatically discharged from further consideration of such
[[Page 128]]
proposed legislation on the 10th day following the day on
which such proposed legislation is referred to such
committee unless the Senate provides otherwise, or the
Majority Leader or Minority Leader request, prior to that
date, an additional 5 days on behalf of the Committee to
which the proposed legislation was sequentially referred. At
the end of that additional 5 day period, if the Committee
fails to report the proposed legislation within that 5 day
period, the Committee shall be automatically discharged from
further consideration of such proposed legislation unless
the Senate provides otherwise.
(3) In computing any 10 or 5 day period under this
subsection there shall be excluded from such computation any
days on which the Senate is not in session.
(4) The reporting and referral processes outlined in
this subsection shall be conducted in strict accordance with
the Standing Rules of the Senate. In accordance with such
rules, committees to which legislation is referred are not
permitted to make changes or alterations to the text of the
referred bill and its annexes, but may propose changes or
alterations to the same in the form of amendments.
(c) Nothing in this resolution shall be construed as
prohibiting or otherwise restricting the authority of any
other committee to study and review any intelligence
activity to the extent that such activity directly affects a
matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of such committee.
(d) Nothing in this resolution shall be construed as
amending, limiting, or otherwise changing the authority of
any standing committee of the Senate to obtain full and
prompt access to the product of the intelligence activities
of any department or agency of the Government relevant to a
matter otherwise within the jurisdiction of such committee.
Sec. 4. (a) The select committee, for the purposes of
accountability to the Senate, shall make regular and
periodic, but not less than quarterly, reports to the Senate
on the nature and extent of the intelligence activities of
the various departments and agencies of the United States.
Such committee shall promptly call to the attention of the
Senate or to any other appropriate committee or committees
of the Senate any matters requiring the attention of the
Senate or such other committee or committees. In making such
report, the select committee shall proceed in a manner
consistent with section 8(c)(2) to protect national
security.
[[Page 129]]
(b) The select committee shall obtain an annual report
from the Director of National Intelligence, the Director of
the Central Intelligence Agency, the Secretary of Defense,
the Secretary of State, and the Director of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. Such reports shall review the
intelligence activities of the agency or department
concerned and the intelligence activities of foreign
countries directed at the United States or its interest. An
unclassified version of each report may be made available to
the public at the discretion of the select committee.
Nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the public
disclosure in such reports of the names of individuals
engaged in intelligence activities for the United States or
the divulging of intelligence methods employed or the
sources of information on which such reports are based or
the amount of funds authorized to be appropriated for
intelligence activities.
(c) On or before March 15 of each year, the select
committee shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the
Senate the views and estimates described in section 301(c)
of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 regarding matters
within the jurisdiction of the select committee.
Sec. 5. (a) For the purposes of this resolution, the
select committee is authorized in its discretion (1) to make
investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (2)
to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate,
(3) to employ personnel, (4) to hold hearings, (5) to sit
and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses,
and adjourned periods of the Senate, (6) to require, by
subpoena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the
production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents,
(7) to take depositions and other testimony, (8) to procure
the service of individual consultants or organizations
thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i)
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (9) with
the prior consent of the government department or agency
concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to
use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any
such department or agency.
(b) The chairman of the select committee or any member
thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.
(c) Subpoenas authorized by the select committee may be
issued over the signature of the chairman, the vice chairman
or any member of the select committee designated by the
chairman, and may be served by any person
[[Page 130]]
designated by the chairman or any member signing the
subpoenas.
Sec. 6. No employee of the select committee or any
person engaged by contract or otherwise to perform services
for or at the request of such committee shall be given
access to any classified information by such committee
unless such employee or person has (1) agreed in writing and
under oath to be bound by the rules of the Senate (including
the jurisdiction of the Select Committee on Ethics) and of
such committee as to the security of such information during
and after the period of his employment or contractual
agreement with such committee; and (2) received an
appropriate security clearance as determined by such
committee in consultation with the Director of National
Intelligence. The type of security clearance to be required
in the case of any such employee or person shall, within the
determination of such committee in consultation with the
Director of National Intelligence, be commensurate with the
sensitivity of the classified information to which such
employee or person will be given access by such committee.
Sec. 7. The select committee shall formulate and carry
out such rules and procedures as it deems necessary to
prevent the disclosure, without the consent of the person or
persons concerned, of information in the possession of such
committee which unduly infringes upon the privacy or which
violates the constitutional rights of such person or
persons. Nothing herein shall be construed to prevent such
committee from publicly disclosing any such information in
any case in which such committee determines the national
interest in the disclosure of such information clearly
outweighs any infringement on the privacy of any person or
persons.
Sec. 8. (a) The select committee may, subject to the
provisions of this section, disclose publicly any
information in the possession of such committee after a
determination by such committee that the public interest
would be served by such disclosure. Whenever committee
action is required to disclose any information under this
section, the committee shall meet to vote on the matter
within five days after any member of the committee requests
such a vote. No member of the select committee shall
disclose any information, the disclosure of which requires a
committee vote, prior to a vote by the committee on the
question of the
[[Page 131]]
disclosure of such information or after such vote except in
accordance with this section.
(b)(1) In any case in which the select committee votes
to disclose publicly any information which has been
classified under established security procedures, which has
been submitted to it by the Executive branch, and which the
Executive branch requests be kept secret, such committee
shall--
(A) first, notify the Majority Leader and
Minority Leader of the Senate of such vote; and
(B) second, consult with the Majority Leader and
Minority Leader before notifying the President of
such vote.
(2) The select committee may disclose publicly such
information after the expiration of a five-day period
following the day on which notice of such vote is
transmitted to the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader
and the President, unless, prior to the expiration of such
five-day period, the President, personally in writing,
notifies the committee that he objects to the disclosure of
such information, provides his reasons therefore, and
certifies that the threat to the national interest of the
United States posed by such disclosure is of such gravity
that it outweighs any public interest in the disclosure.
(3) If the President, personally, in writing, notifies
the Majority Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate and
the select Committee of his objections to the disclosure of
such information as provided in paragraph (2), the Majority
Leader and Minority Leader jointly or the select Committee,
by majority vote, may refer the question of the disclosure
of such information to the Senate for consideration.
(4) Whenever the select committee votes to refer the
question of disclosure of any information to the Senate
under paragraph (3), the Chairman shall not later than the
first day on which the Senate is in session following the
day on which the vote occurs, report the matter to the
Senate for its consideration.
(5) One hour after the Senate convenes on the fourth day
on which the Senate is in session following the day on which
any such matter is reported to the Senate, or at such
earlier time as the majority leader and the minority leader
of the Senate jointly agree upon in accordance with
paragraph 5 of rule XVII of the Standing Rules of the
Senate, the Senate shall go into closed session and the
matter
[[Page 132]]
shall be the pending business. In considering the matter in
closed session the Senate may--
(A) approve the public disclosure of all or any
portion of the information in question, in which
case the committee shall publicly disclose the
information ordered to be disclosed,
(B) disapprove the public disclosure of all or
any portion of the information in question, in which
case the committee shall not publicly disclose the
information ordered not to be disclosed, or
(C) refer all or any portion of the matter back
to the committee, in which case the committee shall
make the final determination with respect to the
public disclosure of the information in question.
Upon conclusion of the consideration of such matter in
closed session, which may not extend beyond the close of the
ninth day on which the Senate is in session following the
day on which such matter was reported to the Senate, or the
close of the fifth day following the day agreed upon jointly
by the majority and minority leaders in accordance with
paragraph 5 of rule XVII of the Standing Rules of the Senate
(whichever the case may be), the Senate shall immediately
vote on the disposition of such matter in open session,
without debate, and without divulging the information with
respect to which the vote is being taken. The Senate shall
vote to dispose of such matter by one or more of the means
specified in clauses (A), (B), and (C) of the second
sentence of this paragraph. Any vote of the Senate to
disclose any information pursuant to this paragraph shall be
subject to the right of a Member of the Senate to move for
reconsideration of the vote within the time and pursuant to
the procedures specified in rule XIII of the Standing Rules
of the Senate, and the disclosure of such information shall
be made consistent with that right.
(c)(1) No information in the possession of the select
committee relating to the lawful intelligence activities of
any department or agency of the United States which has been
classified under established security procedures and which
the select committee, pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of
this section, has determined should not be disclosed shall
be made available to any person by a Member, officer, or
employee of the Senate except in a closed session of the
Senate or as provided in paragraph (2).
[[Page 133]]
(2) The select committee may, under such regulations as
the committee shall prescribe to protect the confidentiality
of such information, make any information described in
paragraph (1) available to any other committee or any other
Member of the Senate. Whenever the select committee makes
such information available, the committee shall keep a
written record showing, in the case of any particular
information, which committee or which Members of the Senate
received such information. No Member of the Senate who, and
no committee which, receives any information under this
subsection, shall disclose such information except in a
closed session of the Senate.
(d) It shall be the duty of the Select Committee on
Ethics to investigate any unauthorized disclosure of
intelligence information by a Member, officer or employee of
the Senate in violation of subsection (c) and to report to
the Senate concerning any allegation which it finds to be
substantiated.
(e) Upon the request of any person who is subject to any
such investigation, the Select Committee on Ethics shall
release to such individual at the conclusion of its
investigation a summary of its investigation together with
its findings. If, at the conclusion of its investigation,
the Select Committee on Ethics determines that there has
been a significant breach of confidentiality or unauthorized
disclosure by a Member, officer, or employee of the Senate,
it shall report its findings to the Senate and recommend
appropriate action such as censure, removal from committee
membership, or expulsion from the Senate, in the case of a
Member, or removal from office or employment or punishment
for contempt, in the case of an officer or employee.
Sec. 9. The select committee is authorized to permit any
personal representative of the President, designated by the
President to serve as a liaison to such committee, to attend
any closed meeting of such committee.
Sec. 10. Upon expiration of the Select Committee on
Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence
Activities, established by Senate Resolution 21, Ninety-
fourth Congress, all records, files, documents, and other
materials in the possession, custody, or control of such
committee, under appropriate conditions established by it,
shall be transferred to the select committee.
Sec. 11. (a) It is the sense of the Senate that the head
of each department and agency of the United States should
[[Page 134]]
keep the select committee fully and currently informed with
respect to intelligence activities, including any
significant anticipated activities, which are the
responsibility of or engaged in by such department or
agency: Provided, That this does not constitute a condition
precedent to the implementation of any such anticipated
intelligence activity.
(b) It is the sense of the Senate that the head of any
department or agency of the United States involved in any
intelligence activities should furnish any information or
document in the possession, custody, or control of the
department or agency, or person paid by such department or
agency, whenever requested by the select committee with
respect to any matter within such committee's jurisdiction.
(c) It is the sense of the Senate that each department
and agency of the United States should report immediately
upon discovery to the select committee any and all
intelligence activities which constitute violations of the
constitutional rights of any person, violations of law, or
violations of Executive orders, Presidential directives, or
departmental or agency rules or regulations; each department
and agency should further report to such committee what
actions have been taken or are expected to be taken by the
departments or agencies with respect to such violations.
Sec. 12. Subject to the Standing Rules of the Senate, no
funds shall be appropriated for any fiscal year beginning
after September 30, 1976, with the exception of a continuing
bill or resolution, or amendment thereto, or conference
report thereon, to, or for use of, any department or agency
of the United States to carry out any of the following
activities, unless such funds shall have been previously
authorized by a bill or joint resolution passed by the
Senate during the same or preceding fiscal year to carry out
such activity for such fiscal year:
(1) The activities of the Office of the Director
of National Intelligence and the Director of
National Intelligence.
(2) The activities of the Central Intelligence
Agency and the Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency.
(3) The activities of the Defense Intelligence
Agency.
(4) The activities of the National Security
Agency.
[[Page 135]]
(5) The intelligence activities of other
agencies and subdivisions of the Department of
Defense.
(6) The intelligence activities of the
Department of State.
(7) The intelligence activities of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation.
Sec. 13. (a) The select committee shall make a study
with respect to the following matters, taking into
consideration with respect to each such matter, all relevant
aspects of the effectiveness of planning, gathering, use,
security, and dissemination of intelligence:
(1) the quality of the analytical capabilities
of United States foreign intelligence agencies and
means for integrating more closely analytical
intelligence and policy formulation;
(2) the extent and nature of the authority of
the departments and agencies of the Executive branch
to engage in intelligence activities and the
desirability of developing charters for each
intelligence agency or department;
(3) the organization of intelligence activities
in the Executive branch to maximize the
effectiveness of the conduct, oversight, and
accountability of intelligence activities; to reduce
duplication or overlap; and to improve the morale of
the personnel of the foreign intelligence agencies;
(4) the conduct of covert and clandestine
activities and the procedures by which Congress is
informed of such activities;
(5) the desirability of changing any law, Senate
rule or procedure, or any Executive order, rule, or
regulation to improve the protection of intelligence
secrets and provide for disclosure of information
for which there is no compelling reason for secrecy;
(6) the desirability of establishing a standing
committee of the Senate on intelligence activities;
(7) the desirability of establishing a joint
committee of the Senate and the House of
Representatives on intelligence activities in lieu
of having separate committees in each House of
Congress, or of establishing procedures under which
separate committees on intelligence activities of
the two Houses of Congress would receive joint
briefings from the intelligence agencies and
coordinate their policies with respect to the
safeguarding of sensitive intelligence information;
[[Page 136]]
(8) the authorization of funds for the
intelligence activities of the Government and
whether disclosure of any of the amounts of such
funds is in the public interest; and
(9) the development of a uniform set of
definitions for terms to be used in policies or
guidelines which may be adopted by the executive or
legislative branches to govern, clarify, and
strengthen the operation of intelligence activities.
(b) The select committee may, in its discretion, omit
from the special study required by this section any matter
it determines has been adequately studied by the Select
Committee To Study Governmental Operations With Respect to
Intelligence Activities, established by Senate Resolution
21, Ninety-fourth Congress.
(c) The select committee shall report the results of the
study provided for by this section to the Senate, together
with any recommendations for legislative or other actions it
deems appropriate, no later than July 1, 1977, and from time
to time thereafter as it deems appropriate.
Sec. 14. (a) As used in this resolution, the term
``intelligence activities'' includes (1) the collection,
analysis, production, dissemination, or use of information
which relates to any foreign country, or any government,
political group, party, military force, movement, or other
association in such foreign country, and which relates to
the defense, foreign policy, national security, or related
policies of the United States, and other activity which is
in support of such activities; (2) activities taken to
counter similar activities directed against the United
States; (3) covert or clandestine activities affecting the
relations of the United States with any foreign government,
political group, party, military force, movement or other
association; (4) the collection, analysis, production,
dissemination, or use of information about activities of
persons within the United States, its territories and
possessions, or nationals of the United States abroad whose
political and related activities pose, or may be considered
by any department, agency, bureau, office, division,
instrumentality, or employee of the United States to pose, a
threat to the internal security of the United States, and
covert or clandestine activities directed against such
persons. Such term does not include tactical foreign
military intelligence serving no national policymaking
function.
[[Page 137]]
(b) As used in this resolution, the term ``department or
agency'' includes any organization, committee, council,
establishment, or office within the Federal Government.
(c) For purposes of this resolution, reference to any
department, agency, bureau, or subdivision shall include a
reference to any successor department, agency, bureau, or
subdivision to the extent that such successor engages in
intelligence activities now conducted by the department,
agency, bureau, or subdivision referred to in this
resolution.
Sec. 15. (a) In addition to other committee staff
selected by the select Committee, the select Committee shall
hire or appoint one employee for each member of the select
Committee to serve as such Member's designated
representative on the select Committee. The select Committee
shall only hire or appoint an employee chosen by the
respective Member of the select Committee for whom the
employee will serve as the designated representative on the
select Committee.
(b) The select Committee shall be afforded a supplement
to its budget, to be determined by the Committee on Rules
and Administration, to allow for the hire of each employee
who fills the position of designated representative to the
select Committee. The designated representative shall have
office space and appropriate office equipment in the select
Committee spaces. Designated personal representatives shall
have the same access to Committee staff, information,
records, and databases as select Committee staff, as
determined by the Chairman and Vice Chairman.
(c) The designated employee shall meet all the
requirements of relevant statutes, Senate rules, and
committee security clearance requirements for employment by
the select Committee.
(d) Of the funds made available to the select Committee
for personnel--
(1) not more than 60 percent shall be under the
control of the Chairman; and
(2) not less than 40 percent shall be under the
control of the Vice Chairman.
Sec. 16. Nothing in this resolution shall be construed
as constituting acquiescence by the Senate in any practice,
or in the conduct of any activity, not otherwise authorized
by law.
[[Page 138]]
Sec. 17. (a)(1) Except as provided in subsections (b)
and (c), the Select Committee shall have jurisdiction to
review, hold hearings, and report the nominations of
civilian individuals for positions in the intelligence
community for which appointments are made by the President,
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
``(2) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c),
other committees with jurisdiction over the department or
agency of the Executive Branch which contain a position
referred to in paragraph (1) may hold hearings and
interviews with individuals nominated for such position, but
only the Select Committee shall report such nomination.
``(3) In this subsection, the term `intelligence
community' means an element of the intelligence community
specified in or designated under section 3(4) of the
National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)).
``(b)(1) With respect to the confirmation of the
Assistant Attorney General for National Security, or any
successor position, the nomination of any individual by the
President to serve in such position shall be referred to the
Committee on the Judiciary and, if and when reported, to the
Select Committee for not to exceed 20 calendar days, except
that in cases when the 20-day period expires while the
Senate is in recess, the Select Committee shall have 5
additional calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to
report the nomination.
``(2) If, upon the expiration of the period described in
paragraph (1), the Select Committee has not reported the
nomination, such nomination shall be automatically
discharged from the Select Committee and placed on the
Executive Calendar.
``(c)(1) With respect to the confirmation of appointment
to the position of Director of the National Security Agency,
Inspector General of the National Security Agency, Director
of the National Reconnaissance Office, or Inspector General
of the National Reconnaissance Office, orany successor
position to such a position, the nomination of any
individual by the President to serve in such position, who
at the time of the nomination is a member of the Armed
Forces on active duty, shall be referred to the Committee on
Armed Services and, if and when reported, to the Select
Committee for not to exceed 30 calendar days, except that in
cases when the 30-day period expires while the Senate is in
recess, the Select Committee shallhave 5 additional
[[Page 139]]
calendar days after the Senate reconvenes to report the
nomination.
``(2) With respect to the confirmation of appointment to
the position of Director of the National Security Agency,
Inspector General of the National Security Agency, Director
of the National Reconnaissance Office, or Inspector General
or the National Reconnaissance Office, or any successor
position to such a position, the nomination of any
individual by the President to serve in such position, who
at the time of the nomination is not a member of the Armed
Forces on active duty, shall be referred to the Select
Committee and, if and when reported, to the Committee on
Armed Services for not to exceed 30 calendar days, except
that in cases when the 30-day period expires while the
Senate is in recess, the Committee on Armed Services shall
have an additional 5 calendar days after the Senate
reconvenes to report the nomination.
``(3) If, upon the expiration of the period of
sequential referral described in paragraphs (1) and (2), the
committee to which the nomination was sequentially referred
has not reported the nomination, the nomination shall be
automatically discharged from that committee and placed on
the Executive Calendar.''.
[S. Res. 400, 94-2, May 19, 1976, as amended S. Res. 470,
113-2, July 7, 2014; S. Res. 4, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 445,
108-2, Oct. 9, 2004, Pub. L. 109-77, Sec. 506. 120 Stat.
247. 247 (2005), and S. Res. 50, 110-1, Feb. 14, 2007.]
82 HOMELAND SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT
To eliminate certain restrictions on service of a
Senator on the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Resolved,
Sec. 100. Purpose.
It is the purpose of titles I through V of this
resolution to improve the effectiveness of the Senate Select
Committee on Intelligence, especially with regard to its
oversight of the Intelligence Community of the United States
Government, and to improve the Senate's oversight of
homeland security.
82.1 TITLE I--HOMELAND SECURITY OVERSIGHT REFORM
Sec. 101. Homeland Security.
(a) Committee on Homeland Security and
Government Affairs.--The Committee on Governmental
[[Page 140]]
Affairs is renamed as the Committee on Homeland
Security and Governmental Affairs.
(b) Jurisdiction.--There shall be referred to
the committee all proposed legislation, messages,
petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to
the following subjects:
(1) Department of Homeland Security, except
matters relating to--
(A) the Coast Guard, the Transportation
Security Administration, the Federal Law
Enforcement Training Center or the Secret
Service; and
(B)(i) the United States Citizenship and
Immigration Service; or
(ii) the immigration functions of the
United States Customs and Border Protection
or the United States Immigration and Custom
Enforcement or the Directorate of Border and
Transportation Security; and
(C) the following functions performed by
any employee of the Department of Homeland
Security--
(i) any customs revenue function
including any function provided for in
section 415 of the Homeland Security Act of
2002 (Public Law 107-296);
(ii) any commercial function or
commercial operation of the Bureau of
Customs and Border Protection or Bureau of
Immigration and Customs Enforcement,
including matters relating to trade
facilitation and trade regulation; or
(iii) any other function related to
clause (i) or (ii) that was exercised by the
United States Customs Service on the day
before the effective date of the Homeland
Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296).
The jurisdiction of the Committee on Homeland Security
and Governmental Affairs in this paragraph shall supersede
the jurisdiction of any other committee of the Senate
provided in the rules of the Senate: Provided, That the
jurisdiction provided under section 101(b)(1) shall not
include the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, or
functions of the Federal Emergency Management Agency related
thereto.
(2) Archives of the United States.
[[Page 141]]
(3) Budget and accounting measures, other than
appropriations, except as provided in the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
(4) Census and collection of statistics,
including economic and social statistics.
(5) Congressional organization, except for any
part of the matter that amends the rules or orders
of the Senate.
(6) Federal Civil Service.
(7) Government information.
(8) Intergovernmental relations.
(9) Municipal affairs of the District of
Columbia, except appropriations therefor.
(10) Organization and management of United
States nuclear export policy.
(11) Organization and reorganization of the
executive branch of the Government.
(12) Postal Service.
(13) Status of officers and employees of the
United States, including their classification,
compensation, and benefits.
(c) Additional Duties.--The committee shall have
the duty of--
(1) receiving and examining reports of the
Comptroller General of the United States and of
submitting such recommendations to the Senate as it
deems necessary or desirable in connection with the
subject matter of such reports;
(2) studying the efficiency, economy, and
effectiveness of all agencies and departments of the
Government;
(3) evaluating the effects of laws enacted to
reorganize the legislative and executive branches of
the Government; and
(4) studying the intergovernmental
relationships between the United States and the
States and municipalities, and between the United
States and international organizations of which the
United States is a member.
(d) Jurisdiction Of Budget Committee.--
Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(3) of this section,
and except as otherwise provided in the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Committee on
the Budget shall have exclusive jurisdiction over
measures affecting the congressional budget process,
which are--
[[Page 142]]
(1) the functions, duties, and powers of the
Budget Committee;
(2) the functions, duties, and powers of the
Congressional Budget Office;
(3) the process by which Congress annually
establishes the appropriate levels of budget
authority, outlays, revenues, deficits or surpluses,
and public debt--including subdivisions thereof--and
including the establishment of mandatory ceilings on
spending and appropriations, a floor on revenues,
timetables for congressional action on concurrent
resolutions, on the reporting of authorization
bills, and on the enactment of appropriation bills,
and enforcement mechanisms for budgetary limits and
timetables;
(4) the limiting of backdoor spending devices;
(5) the timetables for Presidential submission
of appropriations and authorization requests;
(6) the definitions of what constitutes
impoundment--such as ``rescissions'' and
``deferrals'';
(7) the process and determination by which
impoundments must be reported to and considered by
Congress;
(8) the mechanisms to insure Executive
compliance with the provisions of the Impoundment
Control Act, title X--such as GAO review and
lawsuits; and
(9) the provisions which affect the content or
determination of amounts included in or excluded
from the congressional budget or the calculation of
such amounts, including the definition of terms
provided by the Budget Act.
(e) OMB Nominees.--The Committee on the Budget
and the Committee on Homeland Security and
Governmental Affairs shall have joint jurisdiction
over the nominations of persons nominated by the
President to fill the positions of Director and
Deputy Director for Budget within the Office of
Management and Budget, and if one committee votes to
order reported such a nomination, the other must
report within 30 calendar days session, or be
automatically discharged.
82.2
TITLE II--INTELLIGENCE OVERSIGHT REFORM
Sec. 201. Intelligence Oversight.
(a) Committee on Armed Services Membership.--
Section 2(a)(3) of Senate Resolution 400, agreed to
[[Page 143]]
May 19, 1976 (94th Congress) (referred to in this
section as ``S. Res. 400'') is amended by--
(1) inserting ``(A)'' after ``(3)''; and
(2) inserting at the end the following:
``(B) The Chairman and Ranking Member of
the Committee on Armed Services (if not
already a member of the select Committee)
shall be ex officio members of the select
Committee but shall have no vote in the
Committee and shall not be counted for
purposes of determining a quorum.''.
(b) Number Of Members.--Section 2(a) of S. Res.
400 is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``not to
exceed'' before ``fifteen members'';
(2) in paragraph (1)(E), by inserting ``not to
exceed'' before ``seven''; and
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking the second
sentence and inserting ``Of any members appointed
under paragraph (1)(E), the majority leader shall
appoint the majority members and the minority leader
shall appoint the minority members, with the
majority having a one vote margin.''.
(c) Elimination of Term Limits.--Section 2 of
Senate Resolution 400, 94th Congress, agreed to May
19, 1976, is amended by striking subsection (b) and
by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (b).
(d) Appointment of Chairman and Vice Chairman.--
Section 2(b) of S. Res. 400, as redesignated by
subsection (c) of this section, is amended by
striking the first sentence and inserting the
following: ``At the beginning of each Congress, the
Majority Leader of the Senate shall select a
chairman of the select Committee and the Minority
Leader shall select a vice chairman for the select
Committee.''.
(e) Subcommittees.--Section 2 of S. Res. 400, as
amended by subsections (a) through (d), is amended
by adding at the end the following:
``(c) The select Committee may be organized into
subcommittees. Each subcommittee shall have a
chairman and a vice chairman who are selected by the
Chairman and Vice Chairman of the select Committee,
respectively.''.
(f) Reports.--Section 4(a) of S. Res. 400 is
amended by inserting ``, but not less than
quarterly,'' after ``periodic''.
[[Page 144]]
(g) Staff.--Section 15 of S. Res. 400 is amended
to read as follows:
``Sec. 15. (a) In addition to other committee
staff selected by the select Committee, the select
Committee shall hire or appoint one employee for
each member of the select Committee to serve as such
Member's designated representative on the select
Committee. The select Committee shall only hire or
appoint an employee chosen by the respective Member
of the select Committee for whom the employee will
serve as the designated representative on the select
Committee.
``(b) The select Committee shall be afforded a
supplement to its budget, to be determined by the
Committee on Rules and Administration, to allow for
the hire of each employee who fills the position of
designated representative to the select Committee.
The designated representative shall have office
space and appropriate office equipment in the select
Committee spaces. Designated personal
representatives shall have the same access to
Committee staff, information, records, and databases
as select Committee staff, as determinedby the
Chairman and Vice Chairman.
``(c) The designated employee shall meet all the
requirements of relevant statutes, Senate rules, and
committee security clearance requirements for
employment by the select Committee.
``(d) Of the funds made available to the select
Committee for personnel--
``(1) not more than 60 percent shall be under
the control of the Chairman; and
``(2) not less than 40 percent shall be under
the control of the Vice Chairman.''.
(h) Nominees.--S. Res. 400 is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``Sec. 17. (a) The select Committee shall have
jurisdiction for reviewing, holding hearings, and
reporting the nominations of civilian persons
nominated by the President to fill all positions
within the intelligence community requiring the
advice and consent of the Senate.
``(b) Other committees with jurisdiction over
the nominees' executive branch department may hold
hearings and interviews with such persons, but only
the select Committee shall report such
nominations.''.
[[Page 145]]
(i) Jurisdiction.--Section 3(b) of S. Res. 400
is amended to read as follows:
``(b)(1) Any proposed legislation reported by
the select Committee except any legislation
involving matters specified in clause (1) or (4)(A)
of subsection (a), containing any matter otherwise
within the jurisdiction of any standing committee
shall, at the request of the chairman of such
standing committee, be referred to such standing
committee for its consideration of such matter and
be reported to the Senate by such standing committee
within 10 days after the day on which such proposed
legislation, in its entirety and including annexes,
is referred to such standing committee; and any
proposed legislation reported by any committee,
other than the select Committee, which contains any
matter within the jurisdiction of the select
Committee shall, at the request of the chairman of
the select Committee, be referred to the select
Committee for its consideration of such matter and
be reported to the Senate by the select Committee
within 10 days after the day on which such proposed
legislation, in its entirety and including annexes,
is referred to such committee.
``(2) In any case in which a committee fails to
report any proposed legislation referred to it
within the time limit prescribed in this subsection,
such Committee shall be automatically discharged
from further consideration of such proposed
legislation on the 10th day following the day on
which such proposed legislation is referred to such
committee unless the Senate provides otherwise, or
the Majority Leader or Minority Leader request,
prior to that date, an additional 5 days on behalf
of the Committee to which the proposed legislation
as sequentially referred. At the end of that
additional 5 day period, if the Committee fails to
report the proposed legislation within that 5 day
period, the Committee shall be automatically
discharged from further consideration of such
proposed legislation unless the Senate provides
otherwise.
``(3) In computing any 10 or 5 day period under
this subsection there shall be excluded from such
computation any days on which the Senate is not the
session.
``(4) The reporting and referral processes
outlined in this subsection shall be conducted in
strict accord
[[Page 146]]
ance with the Standing Rules of the Senate. In
accordance with such rules, committees to which
legislation is referred are not permitted to make
changes or alterations to the text of the referred
bill and its annexes, but may propose changes or
alterations to the same in the form of
amendments.''.
(j) Public Disclosure.--Section 8 of S. Res. 400
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking
``shall notify the President of such vote''
and inserting ``shall--
``(A) first, notify the Majority
Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate of
such vote; and
``(B) second, consult with the
Majority Leader and Minority Leader before
notifying the President of such vote.'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking
``transmitted to the President'' and
inserting ``transmitted to the Majority
Leader and the Minority Leader and the
President''; and
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as
follows:
``(3) If the President, personally, in
writing, notifies the Majority Leader and Minority
Leader of the Senate and the select Committee of his
objections to the disclosure of such information as
provided in paragraph (2), the Majority Leader and
Minority Leader jointly or theselect Committee, by
majority vote, may refer the question of the
disclosure of such information to the Senatefor
consideration.''.
82.3
TITLE III--COMMITTEE STATUS
Sec. 301. Committee Status.
(a) Homeland Security.--The Committee on
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs shall be
treated as the Committee on Governmental Affairs
listed under paragraph 2 of rule XXV of the Standing
Rules of the Senate for purposes of the Standing
Rules of the Senate.
(b) Intelligence.--The Select Committee on
Intelligence shall be treated as a committee listed
under paragraph 2 of rule XXV of the Standing Rules
of the Senate for purposes of the Standing Rules of
the Senate.
[[Page 147]]
82.4
TITLE IV--INTELLIGENCE RELATED SUBCOMMITTEES
Sec. 401. Subcommittee Related on Intelligence
Oversight.
(a) Establishment.--There is established in the
Select Committee on Intelligence a Subcommittee on
Oversight which shall be in addition to any other
subcommittee established by the select Committee.
(b) Responsibility.--The Subcommittee on
Oversight shall be responsible for ongoing oversight
of intelligence activities.
Sec. 402. Subcommittee Related to Intelligence
Appropriations.
(a) Establishment.--There is established in the
Committee on Appropriations a Subcommittee on
Intelligence. The Committee on Appropriations shall
reorganize into 13 subcommittees as soon as possible
after the convening of the 109th Congress.
(b) Jurisdiction.--The Subcommittee on
Intelligence of the Committee on Appropriations
shall have jurisdiction over funding for
intelligence matters, as determined by the Senate
Committee on Appropriations.
82.5
TITLE V--EFFECTIVE DATE
Sec. 501. Effective Date.
This resolution shall take effect on the convening of
the 109th Congress.
[S. Res. 445, 108-2, Oct. 9, 2004.]
83 REORGANIZATION OF SENATE COMMITTEE SYSTEM\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\Omitted portions amended the Standing Rules of the
Senate and various Senate resolutions, were temporary in
nature, or have been executed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Resolved, That this resolution may be cited as the
``Committee System Reorganization Amendments of 1977''.
83.1 TITLE I--SENATE COMMITTEES; JURISDICTIONS AND SIZES
* * * * * * *
84 SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING
Sec. 104. (a)(1) There is established a Special
Committee on Aging (hereafter in this section referred to as
the ``special committee'') which shall consist of
nineteen\10\ members. The members and chairman of the
special committee
[[Page 148]]
shall be appointed in the same manner and at the same time
as the members and chairman of a standing committee of the
Senate. After the date on which the majority and minority
members of the special committee are initially appointed on
or after the effective date of Title I of the Committee
System Reorganization Amendments of 1977, each time a
vacancy occurs in the membership of the special committee,
the number of members of the special committee shall be
reduced by one until the number of members of the special
committee consists of nine Senators.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\10\See paragraph 3(b) of rule XXV of the Standing
Rules.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2)\11\ For purposes of paragraph 1 of rule XXV;
paragraphs 1, 7(a)(1)-(2), 9, and 10(a) of rule XXVI; and
paragraphs 1(a)-(d), and 2 (a) and (d) of rule XXVII of the
Standing Rules of the Senate; and for purposes of section
202 (i) and (j) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of
1946, the special committee shall be treated as a standing
committee of the Senate.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\11\The references in this paragraph were changed as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979;
and further changed as a result of the adoption of S. Res.
389, 96-2, Mar. 25, 1980.
\12\As amended, S. Res. 78, 95-1, Feb. 11, 1977; S. Res.
376, 95-2, Mar. 6, 1978.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)(1) It shall be the duty of the special committee to
conduct a continuing study of any and all matters pertaining
to problems and opportunities of older people, including,
but not limited to, problems and opportunities of
maintaining health, of assuring adequate income, of finding
employment, of engaging in productive and rewarding
activity, of securing proper housing, and, when necessary,
of obtaining care or assistance. No proposed legislation
shall be referred to such committee, and such committee
shall not have power to report by bill, or otherwise have
legislative jurisdiction.
(2) The special committee shall, from time to time (but
not less often than once each year), report to the Senate
the results of the study conducted pursuant to paragraph
(1), together with such recommendation as it considers
appropriate.
(c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the special
committee is authorized, in its discretion, (A) to make
investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (B)
to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate,
(C) to employ personnel, (D) to hold hearings, (E) to sit
and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses,
[[Page 149]]
and adjourned periods of the Senate, (F) to require, by
subpoena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the
production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents,
(G) to take depositions and other testimony, (H) to procure
the services of individual consultations or organizations
thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i)
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (I) with
the prior consent of the Government department or agency
concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to
use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any
such department or agency.
(2) The chairman of the special committee or any member
thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.
(3) Subpenas authorized by the special committee may be
issued over the signature of the chairman, or any member of
the special committee designated by the chairman, and may be
served by any person designated by the chairman or the
member signing the Subpena.
(d) All records and papers of the temporary Special
Committee on Aging established by Senate Resolution 33,
Eighty-seventh Congress, are transferred to the special
committee.
(e) (Executed.)
85 COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS \13\
Sec. 105. (a)(1) There is established a temporary Select
Committee on Indian Affairs (hereafter in this section
referred to as the ``select committee'') which shall consist
of seven \14\ members, four to be appointed by the President
of the Senate, upon the recommendation of the majority
leader, from among members of the majority party and three
to be appointed by the President of the Senate, upon the
recommendation of the minority leader, from among the
members of the minority party. The select committee shall
select a chairman from among its members.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\13\ Name changed from ``Select Committee on Indian
Affairs'' by provision of S. Res. 71, 103-1, Feb. 24, 1993.
\14\ See paragraph 3(c) of rule XXV of the Standing
Rules.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) A majority of the members of the committee shall
constitute a quorum thereof for the transaction of business,
except that the select committee may fix a lesser number as
a quorum for the purpose of taking testimony. The select
committee shall adopt rules of procedure not inconsistent
[[Page 150]]
with this section and the rules of the Senate governing
standing committees of the Senate.
(3) Vacancies in the membership of the select committee
shall not affect the authority of the remaining members to
execute the functions of the select committee.
(4) For purposes of paragraph 4 \15\ of rule XXV of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, service of a Senator as a
member or chairman of the select committee shall not be
taken into account.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\15\ Changed from ``paragraph 6'' as a result of the
adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)(1) All proposed legislation, messages, petitions,
memorials, and other matters relating to Indian affairs
shall be referred to the select committee.
(2) It shall be the duty of the select committee to
conduct a study of any and all matters pertaining to
problems and opportunities of Indians, including but not
limited to, Indian land management and trust
responsibilities, Indian education, health, special
services, and loan programs, and Indian claims against the
United States.
(3) The select committee shall from time to time report
to the Senate, by bill or otherwise, its recommendations
with respect to matters referred to the select committee or
otherwise within its jurisdiction.
(c)(1) For the purposes of this section, the select
committee is authorized, in its discretion, (A) to make
investigations into any matter within its jurisdiction, (B)
to make expenditures from the contingent fund of the Senate,
(C) to employ personnel, (D) to hold hearings, (E) to sit
and act at any time or place during the sessions, recesses,
and adjourned periods of the Senate, (F) to require, by
subpoena or otherwise, the attendance of witnesses and the
production of correspondence, books, papers, and documents,
(G) to take depositions and other testimony, (H) to procure
the services of individual consultants or organizations
thereof, in accordance with the provisions of section 202(i)
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, and (I) with
the prior consent of the Government department or agency
concerned and the Committee on Rules and Administration, to
use on a reimbursable basis the services of personnel of any
such department or agency.
(2) The chairman of the select committee or any member
thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.
[[Page 151]]
(3) Subpoenas authorized by the select committee may be
issued over the signature of the chairman, or any member of
the select committee designated by the chairman, and may be
served by any person designated by the chairman or the
member signing the subpoena.
(d) The select committee shall cease to exist on January
2, 1984,\16\ and effective on January 3, 1984, jurisdiction
over the matters specified in subsection (b)(1) and the duty
specified in subsection (b)(2) are transferred to the
Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\16\ The Senate, by unanimous consent, Nov. 18, 1983,
provided for the continuation of the select committee with
all of its jurisdictional responsibilities until July 1,
1984. S. Res. 127, agreed to June 6, 1984, established the
Select Committee on Indian Affairs as a permanent committee
of the Senate.
\17\ Name changed from Committee on Human Resources to
Committee on Labor and Human Resources by S. Res. 30, 96-1,
Mar. 7, 1979. Name changed to Committee on Health,
Education, Labor, and Pensions by S. Res. 28, 106-1, Jan.
21, 1999.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
[Sec. 105 of S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977; S. Res. 405, 95-
2, Oct. 15, 1978; S. Res. 448, 96-2, Dec. 11, 1980; Cong.
Rec., Nov. 18, 1983; S. Res. 127, 98-2, June 6, 1984.]
85.1 TITLE II--COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS; CHAIRMANSHIPS
Sec. 201. * * *
(f) It is the sense of the Senate that, in adopting
rules, each committee of the Senate should include a
provision to insure that assignment of Senators to
subcommittees will occur in an equitable fashion; namely,
that no member of a committee will receive assignment to a
second subcommittee until, in order of seniority, all
members of the committee have chosen assignments to one
subcommittee, and no member shall receive assignment to a
third subcommittee until, in order of seniority, all members
have chosen assignments to two subcommittees.
* * * * * * *
85.2 TITLE IV--SCHEDULING OF COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Sec. 401. (a) In consultation with the Majority Leader
and the Minority Leader, the Committee on Rules and
Administration shall establish and maintain a computerized
schedule of all meetings of committees of the Senate and
subcommittees thereof, and of all meetings of joint
committees of the Congress and subcommittees thereof. Such
schedule shall be maintained online to terminals in the
offices of all Senators, committees of the Senate, and
permanent joint committees of the Congress, and shall be up
[[Page 152]]
dated immediately upon receipt of notices of meetings or
cancellations thereof under this section.
(b) Each committee of the Senate, and each subcommittee
thereof, shall notify the office designated by the Committee
on Rules and Administration of each meeting of such
committee or subcommittee, including the time period or
periods (as prescribed in paragraph 6 of rule XXVI \18\ of
the Standing Rules of the Senate), the place, and the
purpose of such meeting. The Senate members of any joint
committee of the Congress or of a subcommittee thereof shall
cause notice to be given to the office designated by the
Committee on Rules and Administration of each meeting of
such joint committee or subcommittee, including the time,
place, and purposes of such meeting. Notice under this
subsection shall be given immediately upon scheduling a
meeting.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\18\ Changed from ``paragraph 9 of rule XXV'' as a
result of the adoption of S. Res. 274, 96-1, Nov. 14, 1979.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) Each committee of the Senate, and each subcommittee
thereof, shall notify the office designated by the Committee
on Rules and Administration immediately upon the
cancellation of a meeting of such committee or subcommittee.
The Senate members of any joint committee of the Congress or
any subcommittee thereof shall cause notice to be given to
the office designated by the Committee on Rules and
Administration immediately upon the cancellation of a
meeting of such joint committee or subcommittee.
(d) For purposes of this section, the term ``joint
committee of the Congress'' includes a committee of
conference.
* * * * * * *
85.3 TITLE V--CONTINUING REVIEW OF THE COMMITTEE SYSTEM
Sec. 501. (a) The Committee on Rules and Administration,
in consultation with the Majority Leader and the Minority
Leader, shall review, on a continuing basis, the committee
system of the Senate and the Standing Rules and other rules
of the Senate related thereto.
(b) During the second regular session of each Congress,
the Committee on Rules and Administration shall submit to
the Senate a report of the results of its review under
subsection (a) during that Congress. Such report shall
include its recommendations (if any) for changes in the
committee system of the Senate and the Standing Rules and
other rules of the Senate related thereto. The Committee on
Rules and Administration may submit, from time to
[[Page 153]]
time, such other reports and recommendations with respect to
such committee system and rules as it deems appropriate.
(c) The Committee on Rules and Administration, the
Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader may request the
Secretary for the Majority and the Secretary for the
Minority to provide assistance in carrying out their duties
and responsibilities under this section.
* * * * * * *
[S. Res. 4, 95-1, Feb. 4, 1977.]
86 ACCEPTANCE OF GIFTS BY THE COMMITTEE ON RULES AND
ADMINISTRATION
Sec. 4. The Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, on behalf of the Senate, may accept a gift
if the gift does not involve any duty, burden, or condition,
or is not made dependent upon some future performance by the
United States Senate. The Committee on Rules and
Administration is authorized to promulgate regulations to
carry out this section.
[S. Res. 158, 104-1, July 28, 1995.]
87 AUTHORIZING SUIT BY SENATE COMMITTEES
Resolved, That hereafter any committee of the Senate is
hereby authorized to bring suit on behalf of and in the name
of the United States in any court of competent jurisdiction
if the committee is of the opinion that the suit is
necessary to the adequate performance of the powers vested
in it or the duties imposed upon it by the Constitution,
resolution of the Senate, or other law. Such suit may be
brought and prosecuted to final determination irrespective
of whether or not the Senate is in session at the time the
suit is brought or thereafter. The committee may be
represented in the suit either by such attorneys as it may
designate or by such officers of the Department of Justice
as the Attorney General may designate upon the request of
the committee. No expenditures shall be made in connection
with any such suit in excess of the amount of funds
available to the said committee. As used in this resolution,
the term ``committee'' means any standing or special
committee of the Senate, or any duly authorized subcommittee
thereof, or the Senate members of any joint committee.
[S. Jour. 572, 70-1, May 28, 1928.]
[[Page 154]]
88 NATIONAL SECURITY WORKING GROUP
Sec. 21. Senate National Security Working Group
Extension and Revision.
(a) Working Group Reconstitution.--
(1) In General.--The Senate National Security
Working Group (in this section referred to as the
``Working Group''), authorized by Senate Resolution
105 of the 101st Congress, 1st session (agreed to on
April 13, 1989), as subsequently amended and
extended, is hereby reconstituted.
(2) Duties.--The Working Group--
(A) shall serve as a forum for
bipartisan discussion of current national
security issues relating to the
jurisdictions of multiple committees of the
Senate;
(B) shall conduct regular meetings and
maintain records of all meetings and
activities;
(C) may authorize members to act as
official observers on the United States
delegation to any negotiations to which the
United Statesis a party regarding--
(i) the reduction, limitation, or
control of conventional weapons, weapons of
mass destruction, or the means for delivery
of any such weapons;
(ii) the reduction, limitation, or
control of missile defenses; or
(iii) export controls;
(D) may study any issues related to
national security that the majority leader
of the Senate and the minority leader of the
Senate jointly determine appropriate;
(E) is encouraged to consult with
parliamentarians and legislators of foreign
nations and to participate in international
forums and institutions regarding the
matters described in subparagraphs (C) and
(D); and
(F) is not authorized to investigate
matters relating to espionage or
intelligence operations against the United
States, counterintelligence operations and
activities, or other intelligence matters
within the jurisdiction of the Select
Committee on Intelligence under Senate
Resolution 400 of the 94th Congress, agreed
to on May 19, 1976.
[[Page 155]]
(3) Composition.--
(A) In General.--The Working Group shall
be composed of 20 members, as follows:
(i) 7 Cochairmen, who shall head the
Working Group, as follows:
(I) 4 Members of the Senate from the
majority party in the Senate (in this
section referredto as the ``Majority
Cochairmen''), appointed by the majority
leader of the Senate.
(II) 3 Members of the Senate from
the minority party in the Senate (in this
section referred to as the ``Minority
Cochairmen''), appointed by the minority
leader of the Senate.
(ii) The majority leader of the Senate
and the minority leader of the Senate.
(iii) 5 Members of the Senate from the
majority party in the Senate, appointed by
the majority leader of the Senate.
(iv) 6 Members of the Senate from the
minority party in the Senate, appointed by
the minority leader of the Senate.
(B) Administrative Cochairmen.--The
majority leader of the Senate shall
designate one of the Majority Cochairmen to
serve as the Majority Administrative
Cochairman, and the minority leader of the
Senate shall designate one of the Minority
Cochairmen to serve as the Minority
Administrative Cochairman.
(C)Publication.--Appointments and
designations under this paragraph shall be
printed in the Congressional Record.
(4) Vacancies.--Any vacancy in the Working
Group shall be filled in the same manner in which
the original appointment was made.
(b) Working Group Staff.--
(1) Compensation and Expenses.--(A) The
Working Group is authorized, from funds made
available under subsection (c), to employ such staff
in the manner and at a rate not to exceed that
allowed for employees of a committee of the Senate
under paragraph (3) of section 105(e) of the
Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1968 (2 U.S.C.
61-1(e)), and incur such expenses as may be
necessary or appropriate to carry out its duties and
functions.
[[Page 156]]
(B) Senate Resolution 243, 100th
Congress, agreed to July 1, 1987, is amended
in section 2(b) by striking the period at
the end and inserting ``at a rate not to
exceed that allowed for employees of a
committee of the Senate under paragraph (3)
of section 105(e) of the Legislative Branch
Appropriation Act, 1968 (2 U.S.C. 61-
1(e)).''.
(C) Payments made under this subsection
for receptions, meals, and food-related
expenses shall be authorized, however, only
for those actual expenses incurred by the
Working Group in the course of conducting
its official duties and functions. Amounts
received as reimbursement for such food
expenses shall not be reported as income,
and the expenses so reimbursed shall not be
allowed as a deduction under title 26,
United States Code.
(2) Designation of Professional Staff.--
(A) In General.--The Majority
Administrative Cochairman shall designate
one or more professional staff members for
each Majority Cochairman of the Working
Group, upon recommendations from each such
Majority Co-chairman. The Minority
Administrative Co-chairman shall designate
one or more professional staff members for
each Minority Cochairman of the Working
Group, upon recommendations from each such
Minority Cochairman.
(B) Compensation of Senate Employees.--
In the case of the compensation of any such
professional staff member who is an employee
of a Member of the Senate or of a committee
of the Senate and who has been designated to
perform services for the Working Group, such
professional staff member shall continue to
be paid by such Member or such Committee, as
the case may be, but the account from which
such professional staff member is paid shall
be reimbursed for the services of such
professionalstaff member (includingagency
contributions when appropriate) out of funds
made available under subsection (c)(2).
[[Page 157]]
(C) Duties.--The professional staff
members authorized by this paragraph shall
serve all members of the Working Group and
shall carry out such other functions as
their respective Co-chairmen may specify.
(D) Exclusive Participation in Official
Activities.--Except as provided in paragraph
(4), only designated staff of the Working
Group may participate in the official
activities of the Working Group.
(3) Leadership Staff.--
(A) In General.--The majority leader of
the Senate and the minority leader of the
Senate may each designate 2 staff members
who shall be responsible to the respective
leader.
(B) Compensation.--Funds necessary to
compensate leadership staff shall be
transferred from the funds made available
under subsection (c)(3) to the respective
account from which such designated staff
member is paid.
(4) Foreign Travel.--
(A) In General.--All foreign travel of
the Working Group shall be authorized solely
by the majority leader of the Senate and the
minority leader of the Senate, upon the
recommendation of the Administrative
Cochairmen. Participation by Senate staff
members in, and access to, all official
activities and functions of the Working
Group during foreign travel, and access to
all classified briefings and information
made available to the Working Group during
such travel, shall be limited exclusively to
Working Group staff members with appropriate
clearances.
(B) Authorization Required.--
(i) Committee Staff.--No foreign
travel or other funding shall be authorized
by any committee of the Senate for the use
of staff for activities described under this
paragraph without the joint written
authorization of the majority leader of the
Senate and the minority leader of the Senate
to the chairman of such committee.
(ii) Member Staff.--No foreign travel
or other funding shall be authorized for the
staff of any Member of the Senate, other
than Working Group staff, for activities
described under this
[[Page 158]]
paragraph unless the majority leader of the
Senate and the minority leader of the Senate
jointly so authorize in writing.
(c) Payment of Expenses.--
(1) In General.--The expenses of the Working
Group shall be paid from the contingent fund of the
Senate, out of the account of Miscellaneous Items,
upon vouchers approved jointly by the Administrative
Cochairmen (except that vouchers shall not be
required for the disbursement of salaries of
employees who are paid at an annual rate).
(2) Amounts Available.--For any fiscal year,
not more than $500,000 shall be expended for staff
and for expenses (excepting expenses incurred for
foreign travel), of which not more than $100,000
shall be available for each Administrative
Cochairman and the staff of such Administrative
Cochairman, and not more than $60,000 shall be
available for each Cochairman who is not an
Administrative Cochairman and the staff of such
Cochairman.
(3) Leadership Staff.--In addition to the
amounts referred to in paragraph (2), for any fiscal
year, not more than $200,000 shall be expended from
the contingent fund of the Senate, out of the
account of Miscellaneous Items, for leadership staff
as designated in subsection (b)(3) for salaries and
expenses (excepting expenses incurred for foreign
travel).
(d) Sunset.--The provisions of this section
shall remain in effect until December 31, 2020.
[S. Res. 64, 113-1, Mar. 5, 2013, as amended Further
Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017,
Pub. L. 114-254, Dec. 10, 2016; as amended Energy and Water,
Legislative Branch and Military Construction and Veterans
Affairs Appropriations Act, 2019, Pub. L. No. 115-244, Sept.
21, 2018.]
89 SPECIAL DEPUTIES
Resolved, That the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate is
authorized and empowered from time to time to appoint such
special deputies as he may think necessary to serve process
or perform other duties devolved upon the Sergeant at Arms
by law or the rules or orders of the Senate, or which may
hereafter be devolved upon him, and in such case they shall
be officers of the Senate; and any act done or return made
by the deputies so appointed shall have like effect and be
of the same validity as if performed or made by the Sergeant
at Arms in person.
[S. Jour. 47, 51-1, Dec. 17, 1889.]
[[Page 159]]
90 OFFICE OF DEPUTY PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Resolved, That, effective January 5, 1977, there is
hereby established in the United States Senate the Office of
Deputy President Pro Tempore.
Sec. 2. Any Member of the Senate who has held the Office
of President of the United States or Vice President of the
United States shall be a Deputy President pro tempore.
Sec. 3. [Superseded.]
Sec. 4. The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is
authorized (a) to provide, by lease or purchase, and
maintain an automobile for each Deputy President pro
tempore, and (b) to employ and fix the compensation of a
driver-messenger for each Deputy President pro tempore at
not to exceed $18,584\19\ per annum.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\19\ Superseded by 2 U.S.C. 6597, Pub. L. 97-51, Oct. 1,
1981, Sec. 116, 95 Stat. 963.
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Sec. 5. [Superseded.]
Sec. 6. [Superseded.]
Sec. 7. Until otherwise provided by law, the Secretary
of the Senate is authorized to pay from the contingent fund
of the Senate such amounts as may be necessary, for salaries
and expenses, to carry out the provisions of this
resolution. Expenses incurred under section 4(a) of this
resolution shall be paid upon vouchers approved by the
Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper. Vouchers shall not be
required for the disbursement of salaries of employees paid
under authority of this resolution.
[S. Res. 17, 95-1, Jan. 10, 1977.]
Resolved, That (a) In addition to Senators who hold the
office of Deputy President pro tempore under authority of S.
Res. 17 of the 95th Congress (agreed to January 10, 1977),
any other Member of the Senate who is designated as such by
the Senate in a Senate resolution shall be the Deputy
President pro tempore of the Senate, and shall hold office
at the pleasure of the Senate during the 100th Congress.
(b) The Deputy President pro tempore who is designated
as such pursuant to the authority contained in this
resolution is authorized to appoint and fix the compensation
of such employees as he deems appropriate: Provided, That
the gross compensation paid to such employees shall not
exceed $90,000 for any fiscal year.
[[Page 160]]
(c) The following provisions shall not be applicable to
the Deputy President pro tempore who is designated as such
pursuant to the authority contained in this resolution:
(1) the provisions of S. Res. 17 of the 95th Congress
(agreed to January 10, 1977);
(2) the provisions relating to compensation of a Deputy
President pro tempore which appear in chapter VIII of Title
I of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977, and which
are carried in section 32a of Title 2, United States Code;
and
(3) the provisions relating to staff of a Deputy
President pro tempore which appear in chapter VIII of Title
I of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1977, and which
are carried in section 611 of Title 2, United States Code.
(d) Salaries under authority of this section shall be
paid from any funds available in the Senate appropriation
account for Salaries, Officers and Employees.
Sec. 2. (a) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper is
authorized to provide, by lease or purchase, and maintain an
automobile for the former President pro tempore.
(b) The Secretary of the Senate is authorized to pay
from the contingent fund of the Senate such amounts as may
be necessary for expenses to carry out the provisions of
this section. Such expenses shall be paid upon vouchers
approved by the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper.
[S. Res. 90, 100-1, Jan. 28, 1987.]
91 MANAGING POLITICAL FUND ACTIVITY
Sec. 1701. The Majority Leader and the Minority Leader
may each designate up to 2 employees of their respective
leadership office staff as designees referred to in the
second sentence of paragraph 1 of rule XLI of the Standing
Rules of the Senate.
[Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, Pub. L. 116-
94, Dec. 20, 2019.]
92 SENATE PARLIAMENTARIAN EMERITUS
Whereas the Senate has been advised of the retirement of its
Parliamentarian, Floyd M. Riddick, at the end of this
session: Therefore be it
Resolved, That, effective at the sine die adjournment of
this session, as a token of the appreciation of the Senate
for his long and faithful service, Floyd M. Riddick is
hereby designated as Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United
States Senate.
[S. Jour. 1519, 93-2, Dec. 5, 1974.]
[[Page 161]]
Resolved, That Murray Zweben be, and he is hereby,
designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United
States Senate.
[S. Res. 297, 98-1, Nov. 18, 1983.]
Resolved, That Robert B. Dove be, and he is hereby,
designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United
States Senate.
[S. Res. 32, 100-1, Jan. 6, 1987.]
Resolved, That Alan Scott Frumin be, and he is hereby
designated as a Parliamentarian Emeritus of the United
States Senate.
[S. Res. 23, 105-1, Jan. 23, 1997.]
93 SENATE CHIEF COUNSEL FOR EMPLOYMENT EMERITUS
Whereas Jean M. Manning will retire from the United States
Senate after having served with distinction as the
Senate's first Chief Counsel for Employment from 1993 to
2014;
Whereas Jean M. Manning has dedicated her Senate service to
providing legal representation, legal advice and legal
training to all senators and their management staff with
respect to all matters arising under the Government
Employee Rights Act of 1991, and the Congressional
Accountability Act of 1995;
Whereas Jean M. Manning has represented Senate offices with
distinction before the federal courts;
Whereas Jean M. Manning has upheld the high standards and
traditions of the Senate with abiding devotion and has
performed her Senate duties in an impartial,
professional manner; and
Whereas Jean M. Manning has earned the respect, affection
and esteem of the United States Senate: Now, therefore,
be it
Resolved, That, upon her retirement on March 19, 2014,
as a token of the appreciation of the Senate for her long
and faithful service, Jean M. Manning is hereby designated
as Chief Counsel for Employment Emeritus of the United
States Senate.
[S. Res. 391, 113-2, Mar. 13, 2014.]
94 SENATE HISTORIAN EMERITUS
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie will retire from the United States
Senate after serving with distinction, first as
Associate Historian from 1976 to 2009, and then as
Senate Historian from 2009 to 2015;
[[Page 162]]
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has dedicated his Senate service
to preserving, protecting, and promoting the history of
the Senate and its members;
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has produced or guided production
of numerous publications detailing the rich
institutional history of the Senate;
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has been instrumental in
preserving, organizing, and making available to scholars
the vast archival holdings of the Senate and its
members;
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has assisted in the Senate's
commemoration of events of historical significance and
in the development of exhibitions and educational
programs on the history of the Senate and the Capitol;
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has guided the Senate's
comprehensive Oral History Project to capture and
preserve the institutional memory of Senators, Senate
officers, and Senate staff;
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has upheld the high standards and
traditions of the Senate, and has performed his duties
in a professional and nonpartisan manner; and
Whereas Donald A. Ritchie has earned the respect and esteem
of the United States Senate; Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That, effective June 1, 2015, as a token of
the appreciation of the Senate for his long and faithful
service, Donald A. Ritchie is hereby designated as Historian
Emeritus of the United States Senate.
[S. Res. 147, 114-1, Apr. 22, 2015.]
95 SENATE CURATOR EMERITUS
Whereas Diane K. Skvarla will retire from the Senate after
18 years as Senate Curator, and more than 30 years of
Senate service;
Whereas she has diligently cared for and greatly enhanced
the material history and historic spaces of the Senate
as a legacy for future generations;
Whereas she has educated and inspired the Senate community,
visitors to the Capitol, and the people of the United
States with numerous exhibits, publications, and
educational programs;
Whereas her vision and leadership resulted in significant
improvements to the restoration and historic
interpretation of the Old Senate Chamber and other
historic rooms of the Capitol;Whereas she has caused to
be pub
[[Page 163]]
lished significant catalogues of the fine and graphic
art collections of the Senate for the benefit of the
people of the United States;
Whereas she has upheld the highest standards and traditions
of the Senate with unwavering dedication; and
Whereas she has earned the respect, affection, and esteem of
the Senate: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That, effective January 27, 2014, as a token
of the appreciation of the Senate for her long and faithful
service, Diane K. Skvarla is hereby designated as Curator
Emeritus of the United States Senate.
[S. Res. 338, 113-2, Jan. 27, 2014.]
96 SENATE SECURITY DIRECTOR EMERITUS
Whereas Michael P. DiSilvestro will retire from the United
States Senate after serving for over 30 years as the
first Director of the Office of Senate Security, and in
the Senate for over 37 years total, including numerous
postponements of his retirement when the needs of the
Senate prevailed upon him;
Whereas his career has been dedicated to protecting and
facilitating the Senate's ability to review, discuss,
and act upon the most sensitive national security
information in our Government;
Whereas he represented the Senate boldly and effectively to
the executive branch of Government as it delivered
critical documents and briefings for the consideration
and oversight of the Senate;
Whereas his selfless dedication to the Senate's
constitutional function has made him a leader in
planning and executing continuity programs for the
Senate and Congress as a whole;
Whereas, at great peril, he remained on the front line of
service to the Senate in times of heinous attacks on
Senate offices;
Whereas he has upheld the highest standards and traditions
of the Senate as a universally trusted voice of
nonpartisan professionalism and expertise; and
Whereas he has earned the respect and esteem of the Senate:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That, effective May 23, 2020, as a token of
the appreciation of the Senate for his long and faithful
service,
[[Page 164]]
Michael P. DiSilvestro is hereby designated as Director
Emeritus of Senate Security of the United States Senate.
[S. Res. 582, 116-2, May 19, 2020.]
97 PERSONS NOT FULL-TIME EMPLOYEES OF SENATE \20\
Resolved, That hereafter, standing or select committees
employing the services of persons who are not full-time
employees of the Senate or any committee thereof shall
submit monthly reports to the Senate (or to the Secretary
during a recess or adjournment) showing (1) the name and
address of any such person; (2) the name and address of the
department or organization by whom his salary is paid; and
(3) the annual rate of compensation in each case.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\20\See also paragraphs 4 and 6 of rule XLI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[S. Jour. 407, 78-2, Aug. 23, 1944.]
98 SENATE PAGES
Resolved, That it shall be the duty of the Sergeant at
Arms to classify the pages of the Senate, so that at the
close of the present and each succeeding Congress, one-half
the number shall be removed * * *.
[S. Jour. 514, 33-1, July 17, 1854.]
Resolved, That until otherwise hereafter provided for by
law, there shall be paid out of the contingent fund of the
Senate such amounts as may be necessary to enable the
Secretary of the Senate to furnish educational services and
related items for Senate Pages in accordance with this
resolution.
Sec. 2. The Senate Page program shall be administered by
the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate and the
Secretaries for the majority and minority of the Senate. All
policy decisions regarding the operation of the Senate Page
program shall be made by the Senate management board, with
the concurrence of the majority and minority leaders of the
Senate.
Sec. 3. In order to provide educational services and
related items for Senate Pages, the Secretary of the Senate
is authorized to enter into a contract, agreement, or other
arrangement with the Board of Education of the District of
Columbia, or to provide such educational services and items
in such other manner as he may deem appropriate.
Sec. 4. The educational services under the Senate Page
program shall consist of an academic year comprising two
[[Page 165]]
terms, and a Page serving in such program shall be in the
eleventh grade.
Sec. 5. The resolution shall take effect as of the date
of its approval.
[S. Res. 184, 98-1, July 29, 1983.]
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate is authorized
to withhold from the salary of each Senate page who resides
in the page residence hall an amount equal to the charge
imposed for lodging, meals, and related services, furnished
to such page in such hall. The amounts so withheld shall be
transferred by the Secretary of the Senate to the Clerk of
the House of Representatives for deposit by such Clerk in
the revolving fund, within the contingent fund of the House
of Representatives, for the page residence hall and page
meal plan, as established by H. Res. 64, 98th Congress.
[S. Res. 78, 98-1, Mar. 2, 1983.]
99 CLOSING THE OFFICE OF A SENATOR OR SENATE LEADER WHO DIES OR
RESIGNS
Resolved, That (a)(1) In the case of the death or
resignation of a Senator during his term of office, the
employees in the office of such Senator who are on the
Senate payroll on the date of such death or resignation
shall be continued on such payroll at their respective
salaries, unless adjusted by the Secretary of the Senate
with the approval of the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration, for a period not to exceed sixty days, or
such greater number of days as may, in any particular case,
be established by the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration as being required to complete the closing of
the office of such Senator. Such employees so continued on
the payroll of the Senate shall, while so continued, perform
their duties under the direction of the Secretary of the
Senate, and such Secretary shall remove from such payroll
any such employees who are not attending to the duties for
which their services are continued.
(2) If an employee of a Senator continued on the Senate
payroll pursuant to paragraph (1) resigns or is terminated
during the period required to complete the closing of the
office of such Senator, the Secretary of the Senate may
replace such employee by appointing another individual. Any
individual appointed as a replacement under the authority of
the preceding sentence shall be subject to the same terms of
employment, except for salary, as the employee such
individual replaces.
[[Page 166]]
(b) In the case of the death or resignation of a Senator
while holding the office of President pro tempore, Deputy
President pro tempore, President pro tempore emeritus,
Majority Leader, Minority Leader, Majority Whip, Minority
Whip, Secretary of the Conference of the Majority, Secretary
of the Conference of the Minority, of the Senate, the
Chairman of the Conference of the Majority, the Chairman of
the Conference of the Minority, the Chairman of the Majority
Policy Committee, or the Chairman of the Minority Policy
Committee, the employees of such office who are on the
payroll of the Senate on the date of such death or
resignation shall be continued on the Senate payroll in like
manner and under the same conditions as are employees in the
office of such Senator under subsection (a) of this section.
(c) No employee of the Senate who is continued on the
payroll of the Senate under the preceding provisions of this
section on account of the death or resignation of a Senator
shall be continued on such payroll after the date of the
expiration of the term of office of such Senator as a
Senator, or, such later date as may, in any particular case,
be established by the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration as being required to complete the closing of
the office of such Senator.
(d) Payment of salaries of employees who are continued
on the Senate payroll under authority of this section, and
payment of agency contributions with respect to such
salaries, shall be made from the account for Miscellaneous
Items within the contingent fund of the Senate.
(e) During any period for which the employees of the
office of a Senator, who has died or resigned, are continued
on the Senate payroll under the first section of this
resolution, official office expenses which are necessary in
closing such Senator's office (or offices in case of a
Senator who dies or resigns while holding an office referred
to in subsection (b) of this section) shall be made from the
account for Miscellaneous Items within the contingent fund
of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the Secretary of the
Senate; except that the aggregate of such expenses shall not
exceed an amount equal to one-tenth of such Senator's
official office expense account for the year in which he
died or resigned.
(f) Duties to be performed by the Secretary of the
Senate under this section and under section 2 of this
resolution
[[Page 167]]
shall be performed under the direction of the Senate
Committee on Rules and Administration.
Sec. 2. In the case of the death of any Senator, the
Secretary of the Senate may, with respect to any item of
expense for which payment had been authorized to be made
from such Senator's official office expense account, certify
for such deceased Senator for any sum already obligated but
not certified to at the time of such Senator's death for
payment to the person or persons designated as entitled to
such payment by such Secretary.
Sec. 3. (a) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of the
Senate shall make such arrangements as may be necessary, in
accordance with such regulations as the Senate Committee on
Rules and Administration may prescribe, for:
(1) the funeral of a deceased Senator; and
(2) any committee appointed to attend the
funeral of a deceased Senator.
(b) Expenses incurred in carrying out the provisions of
subsection (a) of this section shall be paid from the
account for Miscellaneous Items within the contingent fund
of the Senate, on vouchers approved by the Sergeant at Arms
and Doorkeeper of the Senate.
Sec. 4. The following Senate resolutions are repealed:
S. Res. 5, 82d Congress (agreed to April 11, 1951), and S.
Res. 354, 95th Congress (agreed to January 20, 1978).
Sec. 5. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this
section, the provisions of this resolution shall take effect
upon the date it is agreed to by the Senate.
(b) The first section of this resolution shall take
effect on the date that there is hereafter enacted a
provision of law which (1) makes inapplicable to any
employee of the Senate the provisions of the third paragraph
under the heading ``Clerical assistance to Senators'' of the
first section of the Legislative Appropriation Act for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1928 (2 U.S.C. 92a), and (2)
repeals (A) the last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical
assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the
Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1944 (2 U.S.C. 92e),
(B) the last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical
assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the
Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1945 (2 U.S.C. 92e),
(C) the next-to-last paragraph under the heading ``Clerical
assistance to Senators'' of the first section of the
Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1946
[[Page 168]]
(2 U.S.C. 92e), and (D) the next-to-last paragraph under the
heading ``Clerical assistance to Senators'' of the first
section of the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1947 (2
U.S.C. 92e).
(c) After the date this resolution is agreed to, the
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
shall make no further certifications under authority of
section 506(g) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1973
(2 U.S.C. 58(g)).
[S. Res. 458, 98-2, Oct. 4, 1984; S. Res. 173, 100-1, Mar.
24, 1987, S. Res. 478, 108-2, Nov. 19, 2004; S. Res. 238,
110-1, June 18, 2007.]
100 PAY OF COMMITTEE STAFF DISPLACED BY CHANGE OF CHAIRMAN OR
RANKING MINORITY MEMBER \21\
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\21\ S. Res. 9 established these provisions by amendment
to S. Res. 458 (Sec. 95 above).
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Sec. 6. (a) For purposes of this section:
(1) The term ``committee'' means a standing,
select or special committee, or commission of the
Senate, or a joint committee of the Congress whose
funds are disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate.
(2) The terms ``Chairman'' and ``Ranking
Minority Member'' mean the Chairman, Vice Chairman,
Cochairman and Ranking Minority Member of a
committee.
(3) The term ``eligible staff member'' means an
individual--
(A) who was an employee--
(i) of a committee or subcommittee
thereof or a Senate leadership office
described in subsection (b) of the first
section of this resolution, or
(ii) in an office of a Senator on the
expiration of the term of office of such
Senator as a Senator, but only if the
Senator is not serving as a Senator for the
next term of office and was a candidate in
the general election for such next term,
(B) whose employment described in
subparagraph (A) was at least 183 days
(whether or not service was continuous)
before the date of termination of employment
described in paragraph (4), and
(C) whose pay is disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate.
[[Page 169]]
The term ``eligible staff member'' shall not
include an employee to whom the first section of
this resolution applies.
(4) The term ``displaced staff member'' means an
eligible staff member--
(A) whose service as an employee of the
Senate is terminated solely and directly as
a result of--
(i) in the case of employment
described in paragraph (3)(A)(i), a change
in the individual occupying the position of
Chairman or Ranking Minority Member of a
committee or in the individual occupying the
Senate leadership office, and
(ii) in the case of employment
described in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), the
expiration of the term of office of the
Senator, and
(B) who is certified, not later than 60
days after the date of the change or
expiration of term of office, whichever is
applicable, as a displaced staff member by
the Chairman or Ranking Minority Member of
the committee, the Senator occupying the
Senate leadership office, or the Senator
whose term is expiring, whichever is
applicable, to the Secretary of the Senate.
(b) The Secretary of the Senate shall notify the
Committee on Rules and Administration of the name of each
displaced staff member.
(c)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Committee on
Rules and Administration each displaced staff member shall,
upon application to the Secretary of the Senate and approval
by the Committee on Rules and Administration, continue to be
paid at their respective salaries for a period not to exceed
60 days following the staff member's date of termination or
until the staff member becomes otherwise gainfully employed,
whichever is earlier.
(2) A statement in writing by any such employee that he
was not gainfully employed during such period or the portion
thereof for which payment is claimed shall be accepted as
prima facie evidence that he was not so employed.
(d) Funds necessary to carry out the provisions of this
section shall be available as set forth in section 1(d).
[S. Res. 9, 103-1, Jan. 7, 1993; S. Res. 478, 108-2, Nov.
19, 2004.]
[[Page 170]]
101 PAY OF CLERICAL AND OTHER ASSISTANTS AS AFFECTED BY
TERMINATION OF SERVICE OF APPOINTED SENATORS
Resolved, That in any case in which (1) a Senator is
appointed to fill any portion of an unexpired term, (2) an
election is thereafter held to fill the remainder of such
unexpired term, and (3) the Senator so appointed is not a
candidate or if a candidate is not elected at such election,
his clerical and other assistants on the payroll of the
Senate on the date of termination of his service shall be
continued on such roll at their respective salaries until
the expiration of thirty days following such date or until
they become otherwise gainfully employed, whichever is
earlier, such sums to be paid from the contingent fund of
the Senate. A statement in writing by any such employee that
he was not gainfully employed during such period or the
portion thereof for which payment is claimed shall be
accepted as prima facie evidence that he was not so
employed. The provisions of this resolution shall not apply
to an employee of any such Senator if on or before the date
of termination of his service he notifies the Disbursing
Office of the Senate in writing that he does not wish the
provisions of this resolution to apply to such employee.
[S. Jour. 421, 86-2, June 28, 1960.]
102 LEAVE WITHOUT PAY STATUS FOR CERTAIN SENATE EMPLOYEES
PERFORMING SERVICE IN THE UNIFORMED SERVICES
Sec. 1. Leave without pay status for certain Senate
employees performing service in the uniformed services.
(a) Definitions.--In this section--
(1) the terms ``employee'' and ``Federal
executive agency'' have the meanings given those
terms under section 4303 (3) and (5) of title 38,
United States Code, respectively; and
(2) the term ``employee of the Senate'' means
any employee whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary
of the Senate, except that the term does not include
a member of the Capitol Police or a civilian
employee of the Capitol Police.
(b) Leave without pay status--An employee of the Senate
who is deemed to be on furlough or leave of absence under
section 4316(b)(1)(A) of title 38, United States Code, by
reason of service in the uniformed services--
(1) may be placed in a leave without pay status
while so on furlough or leave of absence; and
(2) while placed in that status, shall be
treated--
[[Page 171]]
(A) subject to subparagraph (B), as an
employee of a Federal executive agency in a
leave without pay status for purposes of
chapters 83, 84, 87, and 89 of title 5,
United States Code; and
(B) as a Congressional employee for
purposes of those chapters.
(c) Effective Date.--This section shall take effect on
October 1, 2001, and apply to fiscal year 2002 and each
fiscal year thereafter.
[S. Res. 193, 107-1, Dec. 19, 2001.]
103 LOYALTY CHECKS ON SENATE EMPLOYEES \22\
Resolved, That hereafter when any person is appointed as
an employee of any committee of the Senate, of any Senator,
or of any office of the Senate the committee, Senator, or
officer having authority to make such appointment shall
transmit the name of such person to the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, together with a request that such committee,
Senator, or officer be informed as to any derogatory and
rebutting information in the possession of such agency
concerning the loyalty and reliability for security purposes
of such person, and in any case in which such derogatory
information is revealed such committee, Senator, or officer
shall make or cause to be made such further investigation as
shall have been considered necessary to determine the
loyalty and reliability for security purposes of such
person.
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\22\ This resolution has not been generally implemented
since the Federal Bureau of Investigation took the position
that it was not authorized to divulge the information
referred to in the resolution. However, the Bureau and the
Department of Defense cooperate with Senate committees and
offices which request security checks of specific employees
when it is considered necessary by a committee chairman or
officer of the Senate.
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Every such committee, Senator, and officer shall
promptly transmit to the Federal Bureau of Investigation a
list of the names of the incumbent employees of such
committee, Senator, or officer together with a request that
such committee, Senator, or officer be informed of any
derogatory and rebutting information contained in the files
of such agency concerning the loyalty and reliability for
security purposes of such employee.
[S. Jour. 144, 83-1, Mar. 6, 1953.]
104 EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES\23\
Whereas the Senate supports the principle that each
individual is entitled to the equal protection of the
laws
[[Page 172]]
guaranteed by the Fourteenth Article of Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States; and
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\23\ See also rule XLII of the Standing Rules of the
Senate.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Whereas the Senate as an employer is not compelled by law to
provide to its employees the protections against
discrimination established in the Equal Pay Act of 1963
or Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, That (a) no Member, officer, or employee of
the Senate shall, with respect to employment by the Senate
or any office thereof--
(1) fail or refuse to hire an individual,
(2) discharge an individual, or
(3) otherwise discriminate against an individual
with respect to promotion, compensation, or terms,
conditions, or privileges of employment,
on the basis of such individual's race, color, religion,
sex, national origin or state of handicap.
(b) Each Member, officer, and employee of the Senate
shall encourage the hiring of women and members of minority
groups at all levels of employment on the staffs of Members,
officers, and committees of the Senate.
[S. Res. 534, 94-2, Sept. 8, 1976.]
105 MANDATING ANTI-HARASSMENT TRAINING FOR SENATORS AND
OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND INTERNS OF, AND DETAILEES TO THE
SENATE
Resolved,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This resolution may be cited as the
``Senate Anti-Harassment Training Resolution
of 2017''.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
In this resolution--
(1) the term ``covered office'' means an
office, including a joint commission or
joint committee, employing Senate employees;
(2) the term ``covered position'' means
a position as--
(A) a Senate employee that is not a
position as a Senate manager;
(B) an intern or fellow in a covered
office--
(i) without regard to whether the
intern or fellow receives compensation; and
[[Page 173]]
(ii) if the intern or fellow does
receive compensation, without regard to the
source of compensation; or
(C) a detailee in a covered office,
without regard to whether the service is on
a reimbursable basis;
(3) the term ``head of a covered
office'' means--
(A) the Senator, officer, or Senate
manager having final authority to appoint,
hire, discharge, and set the terms,
conditions, or privileges of the employment
of the Senate employees employed by a
covered office; or
(B) in the case of a covered office
that is a joint committee or joint
commission, the Senator from the majority
party of the Senate who--
(i) is a member of, or has authority
over, the committee or commission; and
(ii)(I) serves in the highest
leadership role in the committee or
commission; or
(II) if there is no such leadership
role for a Senator on the committee or
commission, is the most senior Senator on
the committee or commission;
(4) the term ``officer'' means an
elected or appointed officer of the Senate;
(5) the term ``Senate employee'' means
an employee whose pay is disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate, without regard to
the term of the appointment; and
(6) the term ``Senate manager'' means a
Senate employee empowered to effect a
significant change in the employment status
of another Senate employee, such as hiring,
firing, failing to promote, reassignment
with significantly different
responsibilities, or a decision causing a
change in benefits.
Sec. 3. Anti-Harassment Training.
(a) Senators, Officers, and Senate Managers.--
Each head of a covered office and Senate manager
shall complete training that addresses the various
forms of workplace harassment, including sexual
harassment, and related intimidation and reprisal
that are prohibited under the Congressional
Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.)
and their role
[[Page 174]]
in recognizing and responding to harassment and
harassment complaints.
(b) Other Senate Staff.--Any individual serving
in a covered position shall complete training that
addresses the various forms of workplace harassment,
including sexual harassment, and related
intimidation and reprisal that are prohibited under
the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2
U.S.C. 1301 et seq.).
(c) Ensuring Access.--The head of a covered
office shall ensure that each individual serving in
a covered position or as a Senate manager in the
covered office has access to the training required
under this section.
Sec. 4. Timing.
(a) Initial Training.--
(1) In General.--The training required
under section 3 shall be completed--
(A) for an individual elected,
appointed, or assigned to a position as a
Senator, officer, orSenate manager or to a
covered position after the date of adoption
of this resolution who was not serving in
the same covered office as a Senator,
officer, or Senate manager or in a covered
position immediately before being so
elected, appointed, or assigned, not later
than 60 days after the date on which the
individual assumes the position; and
(B) except as provided in paragraph
(2), for an individual serving in a position
as a Senator, officer, or Senate manager or
in a covered position on the date of
adoption of this resolution, not later than
60 days after such date of adoption.
(2) Individuals Receiving Recent
Training.--An individual serving as a
Senator, officer, or Senate manager or in a
covered position on the date of adoption of
this resolution who completed training that
addresses the various forms of workplace
harassment, including sexual harassment, and
related intimidation and reprisal that are
prohibited under the Congressional
Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1301 et
seq.) during the period beginning on the
first day of the 115th Congress and ending
on such date of adoption shall be deemed to
have completed training under paragraph
(1)(B).
[[Page 175]]
(b) Periodic Training.--An individual serving in
a position as a Senator, officer, or Senate manager
or in a covered position shall complete the training
required under section 3 at least once during each
Congress beginning after the Congress during which
the individual completes the initial training in
accordance with subsection 9 (a).
Sec. 5. Certification.
(a) In General.--Not later than the last day of
each Congress, each covered office shall submit to
the Secretary of the Senate a certification
indicating whether each Senator, officer, and Senate
manager serving in a position in the covered office
and each individual serving in a covered position in
the covered office has completed the training
requirements under this resolution during that
Congress.
(b) Publication.--Not later than 30 days after
the first day of each Congress, the Secretary of the
Senate shall publish each certification submitted to
the Secretary of the Senate under subsection (a)
with respect to the previous Congress on the public
website of the Secretary of the Senate.
Sec. 6. Regulations or Guidance.
The Committee on Rules and Administration of the
Senate is authorized to issue such regulations or
guidance as it may determine necessary to carry out
this resolution.
[S. Res. 330, 115-1, Nov. 9, 2017.]
106 SENATE YOUTH PROGRAM
Whereas the continued vitality of our Republic depends, in
part, on the intelligent understanding of our political
processes and the functioning of our National Government
by the citizens of the United States; and
Whereas the durability of a constitutional democracy is
dependent upon alert, talented, vigorous competition for
political leadership; and
Whereas individual Senators have cooperated with various
private and university undergraduate and graduate
fellowship and internship programs relating to the work
of Congress; and
Whereas, in the high schools of the United States, there
exists among students who have been elected to student-
body offices in their sophomore, junior, or senior year
a potential reservoir of young citizens who are
[[Page 176]]
experiencing their first responsibilities of service to
a constituency and who should be encouraged to deepen
their interest in and understanding of their country's
political processes: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate hereby expresses its
willingness to cooperate in a nationwide competitive high
school Senate youth program which would give several
representative high school students from each State a short
indoctrination into the operation of the United States
Senate and the Federal Government generally, if such a
program can be satisfactorily arranged and completely
supported by private funds with no expense to the Federal
Government.
Sec. 2. The Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
shall investigate the possibility of establishing such a
program and, if the committee determines such a program is
possible and advisable, it shall make the necessary
arrangements to establish the program.
Sec. 3. For the purpose of this resolution, the term
``State'' includes the Department of Defense education
system for dependents in overseas areas.
[S. Res. 324, 87-2, May 17, 1962; S. Res. 146, 97-1, July
30, 1981.]
Whereas by S. Res. 324 of the Eighty-seventh Congress,
agreed to May 17, 1962, the Senate expressed its
willingness to cooperate in a nationwide competitive
Senate youth program supported by private funds, which
would give representative high school students from each
State a short indoctrination into the operation of the
United States Senate and the Federal Government
generally, and authorized the Senate Committee on Rules
and Administration, if it should find such a program
possible and advisable, to make the necessary
arrangements therefor; and
Whereas the Committee on Rules and Administration, after
appropriate investigation, having determined such a
program to be not only possible but highly desirable,
authorized its establishment and with the support of the
leaders and other Members of the Senate and the
cooperation of certain private institutions made the
necessary arrangements therefor; and
Whereas, pursuant to such arrangements, and with the
cooperation of and participation by the offices of every
Member of the Senate and the Vice President, one hundred
and two student leaders representing all States
[[Page 177]]
of the Union and the District of Columbia were
privileged to spend the period from January 28, 1963,
through February 2, 1963, in the Nation's Capitol,
thereby broadening their knowledge and understanding of
Congress and the legislative process and stimulating
their appreciation of the importance of a freely elected
legislature in the perpetuation of our democratic system
of government; and
Whereas by S. Res. 147 of the Eighty-eighth Congress, agreed
to May 27, 1963, another group of student leaders from
throughout the United States spent approximately one
week in the Nation's Capitol, during January 1964; and
Whereas it is the consensus of all who participated that the
above two programs were unqualifiedly successful, and in
all respects worthy and deserving of continuance; and
Whereas the private foundation which financed the initial
programs has graciously offered to support a similar
program during the year ahead: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That, until otherwise directed by the Senate
the Senate youth program authorized by S. Res. 324 of the
Eighty-seventh Congress, agreed to May 17, 1962, and
extended by S. Res. 147, agreed to May 27, 1963, may be
continued at the discretion of and under such conditions as
may be determined by the Committee on Rules and
Administration.
[S. Jour. 196, 88-2, Apr. 16, 1964.]
107 SENIOR CITIZEN INTERNSHIP PROGRAM
Resolved, That (a) each Senator is authorized to employ
for not more than fourteen consecutive days each year during
the month of May a senior citizen intern or interns to serve
in his office in Washington, District of Columbia.
(b) To be eligible to serve as a senior citizen intern
an individual shall certify to the Secretary of the Senate
that he has attained the age of sixty years, is a bona fide
resident of the State of his employing Senator, and is a
citizen of the United States.
(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for purposes
of payment of compensation and travel expenses, senior
citizen interns employed pursuant to this resolution shall
be subject to the same limitations and restrictions
applicable to Senators and Senate employees.
[[Page 178]]
(2) An outside vendor may provide for the travel and per
diem expenses only of senior citizen interns in the Senior
Citizen Intern Program subject to approval by the Committee
on Rules and Administration. Documentation provided by such
vendor may be accepted as official travel expense
documentation for the purpose of reimbursing interns in the
program for travel expenses.
Sec. 2. Compensation and payment under this resolution
shall be paid from and charged against the clerk-hire and
travel allowances of the Senator employing such senior
citizen intern.
Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration is
authorized to prescribe such rules and regulations as it
determines necessary to carry out this resolution.
[S. Res. 219, 95-2, May 5, 1978; S. Res. 96, 102-1, Apr. 24,
1991.]
108
transportation costs and travel expenses incurred by members
and employees of the senate when engaged in authorized
foreign travel
Resolved, That until otherwise provided by law or
resolution of the Senate, the contingent fund of the Senate
is made available, as provided in this resolution, to defray
the costs of transportation and the ordinary and necessary
travel expenses of Members and employees of the Senate when
engaged in authorized foreign travel. The Secretary of the
Senate is authorized to advance funds, under authority of
this resolution, in the same manner provided for committees
of the Senate under the authority of Public Law 118, Eighty-
first Congress, approved June 22, 1949.
Sec. 2. (a) Transportation costs and ordinary and
necessary travel expenses incurred by a Member or employee
engaged in authorized foreign travel shall be paid upon
certification of such Member or employee, and upon vouchers
approved by the Senator who authorized such foreign travel.
(b) Transportation costs and ordinary and necessary
travel expenses which are incurred for a group of Members or
employees engaged in authorized foreign travel shall be paid
upon certification of the Member who is chairman of such
group (or, if no chairman has been designated, upon
certification of the ranking Member of such group) or, if
the group does not include a Member, upon certification of
the senior employee in such group, and upon vouchers
approved by the Senator who authorized such foreign travel.
[[Page 179]]
(c) The reports of the Secretary of the Senate setting
forth amounts paid from the contingent fund under authority
of this resolution shall, at the request of the chairman of
the Select Committee on Intelligence, omit any matter which
would identify the foreign countries in which Members and
employees of the Select Committee traveled on behalf of the
Select Committee.
Sec. 3. Payment of transportation costs and ordinary and
necessary travel expenses may not be paid under this
resolution to the extent that appropriated funds or foreign
currencies under section 502(b) of the Mutual Security Act
of 1954 are utilized to defray such costs and expenses. Such
funds and currencies shall be used to the maximum extent
possible.
Sec. 4. For purposes of this resolution--
(1) The term ``foreign travel'' means travel
outside the United States and includes travel within
the United States which is the beginning or end of
travel outside the United States.
(2) The term ``authorized foreign travel'' means
foreign travel on official business on behalf of the
Senate or a committee of the Senate which is
authorized--
(A) in the case of foreign travel on
behalf of the Senate, by the President pro
tempore, Majority Leader, or Minority Leader
of the Senate; and
(B) in the case of foreign travel on
behalf of a committee of the Senate, by the
chairman of that committee.
(3) The term ``committee of the Senate''
includes all standing, select, and special
committees of the Senate and all joint committees of
the Congress whose funds are disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate.
(4) The term ``employee of the Senate'' includes
an individual (other than a Member) whose salary is
disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or who is
treated as an employee of the Senate for purposes of
the Senate Code of Official Conduct.
(5) The term ``ordinary and necessary travel
expenses'' includes, in the case of a group of
Members engaged in authorized foreign travel, such
special expenses as the chairman (or, if there is no
chairman, the ranking Member) deems appropriate,
including, to the extent not otherwise provided,
reimbursements to any agency of the Government for
(A) expenses incurred on behalf of the group, (B)
compensation (in
[[Page 180]]
cluding overtime) of employees of such agency
officially detailed to the group, and (C) expenses
incurred in connection with providing appropriate
hospitality.
[S. Res. 179, 95-1, May 25, 1977.]
109 DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR REIMBURSEMENTS OUT OF SENATORS'
OFFICIAL OFFICE EXPENSE ACCOUNTS
Resolved, That (a) no payments or reimbursements for
expenses shall be made from the contingent fund of the
Senate, unless the vouchers presented for such expenses are
accompanied by supporting documentation.
(b) The Committee on Rules and Administration is
authorized to promulgate regulations to carry out the
purpose of this resolution and to except specific vouchers
from the requirements of subsection (a) of this resolution.
(c) This resolution shall apply with respect to vouchers
submitted for payment or reimbursement on and after October
1, 1987, or upon the adoption of this resolution if such
adoption occurs at a later date.
(d) Senate Resolution 170, 96th Congress (agreed to
August 2, 1979), is repealed as of October 1, 1987, or upon
adoption of this resolution if such adoption occurs at a
later date. Any regulations adopted by the Committee on
Rules and Administration to implement Senate Resolution 170
shall remain in effect, after the repeal of Senate
Resolution 170, until modified or repealed by such
committee, and shall be held and considered to be
regulations adopted to implement this resolution.
[S. Res. 258, 100-1, Oct. 1, 1987.]
110
restrictions on certain expenses payable or reimbursable
from a senator's official office expense account
Resolved, That except for section 3, this resolution
applies only to payments and reimbursements from the
contingent fund of the Senate under paragraphs (5) and (9)
of section 506(a) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act,
1973 (2 U.S.C. 58(a)). For purposes of such paragraphs, the
terms ``official office expenses'' and ``other official
expenses'' mean ordinary and necessary business expenses
incurred by a Senator and his staff in the discharge of
their official duties.
Sec. 2. Reimbursements and payments from the contingent
fund of the Senate under paragraphs (5) and (9) of
[[Page 181]]
section 506(a) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1973
(2 U.S.C. 58(a)) shall not be made for:
(1) commuting expenses, including parking fees
incurred in commuting;
(2) expenses incurred for the purchase of
holiday greeting cards, flowers, trophies, awards,
and certificates;
(3) donations or gifts of any type, except gifts
of flags which have been flown over the United
States Capitol, copies of the book ``We, the
People'', copies of the calendar ``We The People''
published by the United States Capitol Historical
Society, and copies of the pocket version of the
Constitution of the United States published by the
Government Publishing Office.
(4) dues or assessments;
(5) expenses incurred for the purchases of radio
or television time, or for space in newspaper or
other print media (except classified advertising for
personnel to be employed in a Senator's office);
(6) expenses incurred by an individual who is
not an employee (except as specifically authorized
by subsections (e) and (h) of such section 506);
(7) travel expenses incurred by an employee
which are not reimbursable under subsection (e) of
such section 506;
(8) relocation expenses incurred by an employee
in connection with the commencement or termination
of employment or a change of duty station; and
(9) compensation paid to an individual for
personal services performed in a normal employer-
employee relationship.
Sec. 3. Payment of or reimbursement for the following
expenses is specifically prohibited by law and
reimbursements and payments from the contingent fund of the
Senate shall not be made therefor:
(1) expenses incurred for entertainment or meals
(2 U.S.C. 58(a));
(2) payment of additional salary or compensation
to an employee (2 U.S.C. 68); and
(3) expenses incurred for maintenance or care of
private vehicles (Legislative Branch Appropriation
Acts).
[[Page 182]]
Sec. 4. This resolution shall apply with respect to
expenses incurred on or after the date on which this
resolution is agreed to.
[S. Res. 294, 96-2, Apr. 29, 1980, as amended S. Res. 712,
115-2, Nov. 29, 2018; S. Res. 176, 104-1, Sept. 28, 1995.]
111 DEBT COLLECTION
Resolved, That, for purposes of subchapters I and II of
chapter 37 of Title 31, United States Code (relating to
claims of or against the United States Government), the
United States Senate shall be considered to be a legislative
agency (as defined in section 3701(a)(4) of such title), and
the Secretary of the Senate shall be deemed to be the head
of such legislative agency.
Sec. 2. Regulations prescribed by the Secretary pursuant
to section 3716 of Title 31, United States Code, shall not
become effective until they are approved by the Senate
Committee on Rules and Administration.
[S. Res. 147, 101-1, June 20, 1989.]
112 TORT CLAIMS PROCEDURES
Resolved, That the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, in
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Attorney
General and such regulations as the Committee on Rules and
Administration may prescribe, may consider and ascertain
and, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and
Administration, determine, compromise, adjust, and settle,
in accordance with the provisions of chapter 171 of Title
28, United States Code, any claim for money damages against
the United States for injury of loss of property or personal
injury or death caused by the negligent or wrongful act or
omission of any Member, officer, or employee of the Senate
while acting within the scope of his office or employment,
under circumstances where the United States, if a private
person, would be liable to the claimant in accordance with
the law of the place where the act or omission occurred. The
Committee on Rules and Administration may, from time to
time, delegate any or all of its authority under this
resolution to the chairman. Any compromise, adjustment, or
settlement of any such claim not exceeding $2,500 shall be
paid from the contingent fund of the Senate on a voucher
approved by the chairman of the Committee on Rules and
Administration.
[[Page 183]]
Sec. 2. The Committee on Rules and Administration is
authorized to issue such regulations as it may determine
necessary to carry out the provisions of this resolution.
[S. Res. 492, 97-2, Dec. 10, 1982.]
113 REIMBURSEMENT OF WITNESS EXPENSES\24\
Resolved, That witnesses appearing before the Senate or
any of its committees may be authorized reimbursement for
per diem expenses incurred for each day while traveling to
and from the place of examination and for each day in
attendance. Such reimbursement shall be made on an actual
expense basis which shall not exceed the daily rate
prescribed by the Committee on Rules and Administration,
unless such limitation is specifically waived by such
committee. A witness may also be authorized reimbursement of
the actual and necessary transportation expenses incurred by
the witness in traveling to and from the place of
examination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\24\The Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1961 (July
12, 1960, Pub. L. 86-628, 74 Stat. 449), contained the
following restriction on advances of witness fees:
``No part of any appropriation disbursed by the
Secretary of the Senate shall be available hereafter for the
payment to any person, at the time of the service upon him
of a subpoena requiring his attendance at any inquiry or
hearing conducted by any committee of the Congress or of the
Senate or any subcommittee of any such committee, of any
witness fee or any sum of money as an advance payment of any
travel or subsistence expense which may be incurred by such
person in responding to that subpoena.''
Sec. 2. (a) The provisions of this resolution shall be
effective with respect to all witness expenses incurred on
or after October 1, 1987.
(b) Senate Resolution 538, agreed to December 8, 1980,
is repealed effective on October 1, 1987.
[S. Res. 259, 100-1, Aug. 5, 1987.]
114 AUTHORIZING THE SENATE TO PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT TRANSIT
PROGRAMS
Resolved, That (a) the Senate shall participate in State
and local government transit programs to encourage employees
of the Senate to use public transportation pursuant to
section 629 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General
Government Appropriations Act, 1991.
(b) The Committee on Rules and Administration is authorized
to issue regulations pertaining to Senate participation in
State and local government transit programs through,
[[Page 184]]
and at the discretion of, its Members, committees, officers,
and officials.
[S. Res. 318, 102-2, June 23, 1992.]
115 RELATIVE TO CONTRIBUTIONS FOR COSTS OF CIVIL, CRIMINAL, OR
OTHER LEGAL INVESTIGATIONS OF MEMBERS, OFFICERS, OR
EMPLOYEES OF THE SENATE
Resolved, That nothing in the provisions of the Standing
Rules of the Senate shall be construed to limit
contributions to defray investigative, civil, criminal, or
other legal expenses of Members, officers, or employees of
the Senate relating to their service in the United States
Senate, subject to limitations, regulations, procedures, and
reporting requirements which shall be promulgated by the
Select Committee on Ethics. Nothing in the provisions of the
Standing Rules of the Senate shall be construed to limit
contributions to defray the legal expenses of the spouses or
dependents of Members, officers, or employees of the Senate.
[S. Res. 508, 96-2, Sept. 4, 1980.]
116 CLARIFYING RULES REGARDING ACCEPTANCE OF PRO BONO LEGAL
SERVICES BY SENATORS
Resolved, That (a) notwithstanding the provisions of the
Standing Rules of the Senate or Senate Resolution 508,
adopted by the Senate on September 4, 1980, or Senate
Resolution 321, adopted by the Senate on October 3, 1996,
pro bono legal services provided to a Member of the Senate
with respect to any civil action challenging the
constitutionality of a Federal statute that expressly
authorizes a Member either to file an action or to intervene
in an action--
(1) shall not be deemed a gift to the Member;
(2) shall not be deemed to be a contribution to
the office account of the Member;
(3) shall not require the establishment of a
legal expense trust fund; and
(4) shall be governed by the Select Committee on
Ethics Regulations Regarding Disclosure of Pro Bono
Legal Services, adopted February 13, 1997, or any
revision thereto.
(b) This resolution shall supersede Senate Resolution
321, adopted by the Senate on October 3, 1996.
[S. Res. 227, 107-2, Mar. 20, 2002.]
[[Page 185]]
117 STANDARDS OF CONDUCT FOR MEMBERS OF THE SENATE AND OFFICERS
AND EMPLOYEES OF THE SENATE
Resolved, It is declared to be the policy of the Senate
that--
(a) The ideal concept of public office, expressed by the
words, ``A public office is a public trust'', signifies that
the officer has been entrusted with public power by the
people; that the officer holds this power in trust to be
used only for their benefit and never for the benefit of
himself or of a few; and that the officer must never conduct
his own affairs so as to infringe on the public interest.
All official conduct of Members of the Senate should be
guided by this paramount concept of public office.
(b) These rules, as the written expression of certain
standards of conduct, complement the body of unwritten but
generally accepted standards that continue to apply to the
Senate.
* * * * * *
[S. Jour. 247, 90-2, Mar. 22, 1968.]
118 SEAL OF THE SENATE
Resolved, That the Secretary shall have the custody of
the seal, and shall use the same for the authentication of
process transcripts, copies, and certificates whenever
directed by the Senate; and may use the same to authenticate
copies of such papers and documents in his office as he may
lawfully give copies of.
[S. Jour. 194, 49-1, Jan. 20, 1886.]
119 OFFICIAL SENATE FLAG
Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate is authorized
and directed to design an official Senate flag utilizing the
seal of the Senate as the principal symbol on such flag.
Expenses incident to the designing and procurement of such
flag shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate
upon vouchers signed by the Secretary of the Senate.
Sec. 2. The Senate flag shall be available for purchase
and use by Senators, or former Senators, only subject to the
following conditions--
(1) purchase of the flag shall be limited to--
(A) two flags for each Senator, or
former Senator, subject to replacement for
loss, destruction, or wear and tear;
[[Page 186]]
(B) two flags for each Senate committee,
as determined by the chairman and ranking
member, subject to replacement for loss,
destruction, or wear and tear; and
(C) two flags for each officer of the
Senate, subject to replacement for loss,
destruction, or wear and tear; and
(2) the flag shall not be utilized or displayed
for commercial purposes.
Senators who leave the Senate may retain their flags subject
to the preceding restrictions.
[S. Res. 369, 98-2, Sept. 7, 1984; S. Res. 135, 101-1, June
2, 1989.]
120 SEAL OF THE PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE
Resolved, That the President pro tempore of the Senate
is authorized to adopt and use an official seal of his
office.
Sec. 2. Expenses incident to the designing and
procurement of such seal shall be paid from the contingent
fund of the Senate upon vouchers signed by the President pro
tempore of the Senate.
Sec. 3. A description and illustration of the seal
adopted pursuant to this resolution shall be transmitted to
the General Services Administration for publication in the
Federal Register.
[S. Jour. 686, 83-2, Aug. 14, 1954.]
121 MARBLE BUSTS OF VICE PRESIDENTS
Resolved, That marble busts of those who have been Vice
Presidents of the United States shall be placed in the
Senate wing of the Capitol from time to time, that the
Architect of the Capitol is authorized, subject to the
advice and approval of the Senate committee on Rules and
Administration, to carry into the execution the object of
this resolution, and the expenses incurred in doing so shall
be paid out of the contingent fund of the Senate.
[S. Jour. 40, 55-2, Jan. 6, 1898; S. Jour. 173, 80-1, Mar.
28, 1947.]
122 AWARD OF SERVICE PINS OR EMBLEMS
Resolved, That the Committee on Rules and Administration
is hereby authorized to provide for the awarding of service
pins or emblems to Members, officers, and employees of the
Senate, and to promulgate regulations governing the awarding
of such pins or emblems. Such pins or emblems shall be of a
type appropriate to be attached to the lapel of the wearer,
shall be of such appropriate material
[[Page 187]]
and design, and shall contain such characters, symbols, or
other matter, as the committee shall select.
Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Senate, under direction of
the committee and in accordance with regulations promulgated
by the committee, shall procure such pins or emblems and
award them to Members, officers, and employees of the Senate
who are entitled thereto.
Sec. 3. The expenses incurred in procuring such pins or
emblems shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate
on vouchers signed by the chairman of the committee.
[S. Jour. 45, 89-1, Sept. 10, 1965.]
123
designating the old senate office building and the new
senate office building as the ``richard brevard russell
senate office building'' and the ``everett mckinley
dirksen senate office building'', respectively
Resolved, That insofar as concerns the Senate--
(1) the Senate Office building referred to as
the Old Senate Office Building and constructed under
authority of the Act of April 28, 1904 (33 Stat.
452, 481), is designated, and shall be known as, the
``Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office Building'';
and
(2) the additional office building for the
Senate referred to as the New Senate Office Building
and constructed under the provisions of the Second
Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1948 (62 Stat.
1928), is designated, and shall be known as, the
``Everett McKinley Dirksen Senate Office Building''.
Sec. 2. Any rule, regulation, document, or record of the
Senate, in which reference is made to either building
referred to in the first section of this resolution, shall
be held and considered to be a reference to such building by
the name designated for such building by the first section
of this resolution.
Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration shall
place appropriate markers or inscriptions at suitable
locations within the buildings referred to in the first
section of this resolution to commemorate and designate such
buildings as provided in this resolution. Expenses incurred
under this resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund
of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the
committee.
[S. Jour. 1197, 92-2, Oct. 11, 1972; S. Res. 295, 96-1, Dec.
3, 1979.]
[[Page 188]]
124
designating the extension to the dirksen senate office
building as the ``philip a. hart senate office
building''
Resolved, That insofar as concerns the Senate, the
extension of the Senate Office Building presently under
construction pursuant to the Supplemental Appropriations
Act, 1973 (86 Stat. 1510), is designated and shall be known
as the ``Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building'', when
completed.
Sec. 2. Any rule, regulation, document, or record of the
Senate, in which reference is made to the building referred
to in the first section of this resolution, shall be held
and considered to be a reference to such building by the
name designated for such building by the first section of
this resolution.
Sec. 3. The Committee on Rules and Administration shall
place appropriate markers or inscriptions at suitable
locations within the building referred to in the first
section of this resolution to commemorate and designate such
building as provided in this resolution. Expenses incurred
under this resolution shall be paid from the contingent fund
of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the
committee.
[S. Res. 525, 94-2, Aug. 30, 1976; S. Res. 295, 96-1, Dec.
3, 1979.]
125 DESIGNATING ROOM S-126 OF THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL AS THE
``SENATOR DANIEL K. INOUYE ROOM'' IN RECOGNITION OF HIS
SERVICE TO THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES
Whereas Senator Daniel K. Inouye served the people of Hawaii
for more than 58 years as a member of the Territorial
House of Representatives, the Territorial Senate, the
United States House of Representatives, and the United
States Senate;
Whereas Senator Daniel K. Inouye became the first Japanese
American to serve in both the United States House of
Representatives and the United States Senate;
Whereas Senator Daniel K. Inouye represented Hawaii in
Congress from before the time that Hawaii became a State
in 1959 until 2012;
Whereas, during his tenure in the Senate, Senator Daniel K.
Inouye served as the President pro tempore, the Chairman
of the Committee on Appropriations, the Chairman of the
Subcommittee on Defense of the Com
[[Page 189]]
mittee on, the first Chairman of the Select Committee on
Intelligence, the Chairman of the Committee on Indian
Affairs, the Chairman of the Democratic Steering
Committee, the Chairman of the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation, the Chairman of the
Committee on Rules and Administration, the Chairman of
the Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to
Iran and the Nicaraguan Opposition, and the Secretary of
the Democratic Conference;
Whereas Senator Daniel K. Inouye enlisted in the Army after
the attacks on Pearl Harbor in 1941 and fought
heroically in the Italian theater even after being
wounded; and
Whereas Senator Daniel K. Inouye received a Distinguished
Service Cross, a Bronze Star, a Purple Heart with
cluster, and 12 other medals and citations before
receiving the Medal of Honor from President William J.
Clinton in June 2000: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate designates room S-126 of the
United States Capitol as the ``Senator Daniel K. Inouye
Room'', in recognition of his service to the Senate and the
people of the United States.
[S. Res. 76, 113-1, Mar. 13, 2013.]
126 PROHIBITION ON THE REMOVAL OF ART AND HISTORIC OBJECTS FROM
THE SENATE WING OF THE CAPITOL AND SENATE OFFICE BUILDINGS
FOR PERSONAL USE
Resolved, That (a) a Member of the Senate or any other
person may not remove a work of art, historical object, or
an exhibit from the Senate wing of the Capitol or any Senate
office building for personal use.
(b) For purposes of this resolution, the term ``work of
art, historical object, or an exhibit'' means an item,
including furniture, identified on the list (and any
supplement to the list) required by section 4 of Senate
Resolution 382, 90th Congress, as enacted into law by
section 901(a) of Public Law 100-696 (2 U.S.C. 2104).
(c) For purposes of this resolution, the Senate
Commission on Art shall update the list required by section
4 of Senate Resolution 382, 90th Congress (2 U.S.C. 2104)
every 6 months after the date of adoption of this resolution
and shall provide a copy of the updated list to the
Committee on Rules and Administration.
[S. Res. 178, 108-1, June 27, 2003.]
[[Page 190]]
127 COMMISSION ON ART AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE UNITED STATES
SENATE \25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\25\ Became Senate Commission on Art, and enacted into
permanent law by Pub. L. 100-696, Nov. 18, 1988. See 2
U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 2101-2108.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Pub. L. 100-696, Nov. 18, 1988.]
128 INTERPARLIAMENTARY ACTIVITIES AND RECEPTION OF CERTAIN
FOREIGN OFFICIALS
Resolved, That the Committee on Foreign Relations is
authorized from March 1, 1981, until otherwise provided by
law, to expend not to exceed $25,000 each fiscal year to
assist the Senate properly to discharge and coordinate its
activities and responsibilities in connection with
participation in various interparliamentary institutions and
to facilitate the interchange and reception in the United
States of members of foreign legislative bodies and
prominent officials of foreign governments and
intergovernmental organizations.
Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Senate is authorized and
directed to pay from the contingent fund of the Senate the
actual and necessary expenses incurred in connection with
activities authorized by this resolution and approved in
advance by the chairman of the Committee on Foreign
Relations upon vouchers certified by the Senator incurring
such expenses and approved by the chairman.
[S. Res. 247, 87-2, Feb. 7, 1962; S. Res. 91, 94-1, Mar. 18,
1975; S. Res. 281, 96-2, Mar. 11, 1980.]
129 AUTHORIZING THE DISPLAY OF THE SENATE LEADERSHIP PORTRAIT
COLLECTION IN THE SENATE LOBBY
Resolved, That (a) portraits in the Senate Leadership
Portrait Collection may be displayed in the Senate Lobby at
the direction of the Senate Commission on Art in accordance
with guidelines prescribed pursuant to subsection (d).
(b) The Senate Leadership Portrait Collection shall
consist of portraits selected by the Senate Commission on
Art of Majority or Minority Leaders and Presidents pro
tempore of the Senate.
(c) Any portrait for the Senate Leadership Portrait
Collection that is acquired on or after the date of adoption
of this resolution shall be of an appropriate size for
display in the Senate Lobby, as determined by the Senate
Commission on Art.
(d) The Senate Commission on Art shall prescribe such
guidelines as it deems necessary, subject to the approval
[[Page 191]]
of the Committee on Rules and Administration, to carry out
this resolution.
[S. Res. 148, 109-1, May 18, 2005.]
130 ESTABLISHING A PROCEDURE FOR AFFIXING AND REMOVING PERMANENT
ARTWORK AND SEMI-PERMANENT ARTWORK IN THE SENATE WING OF THE
CAPITOL AND IN THE SENATE OFFICE BUILDINGS
Resolved, No permanent artwork or semi-permanent
artwork may be affixed to or removed from the walls, floors,
or ceilings of the public spaces and committee rooms of the
Senate wing of the Capitol and the Senate office buildings
unless--
(1) the Senate Commission on Art--
(A) has recommended the affixation or
removal; and
(B) in the case of an affixation of
permanent artwork or semi-permanent
artwork--
(i) has recommended an appropriate
location for the affixation; and
(ii) has determined that--
(I) not less than 25 years have
passed since the death of any subject in a
portrait included in the permanent artwork
or semi-permanent artwork; and
(II) not less than 25 years have
passed since the commemorative event that is
to be portrayed in the permanent artwork or
semi-permanent artwork; and
(2) the Senate has passed a Senate resolution
approving the recommendation of the Senate
Commission on Art.
Sec. 2. Sense of the Senate.
It is the sense of the Senate that prior to making a
recommendation to affix any permanent artwork or semi-
permanent artwork to the walls, floors, or ceilings of the
public spaces and committee rooms of the Senate wing of the
Capitol and the Senate office buildings, the Senate
Commission on Art should consider, at a minimum, the
following:
(1) The significance of the original, intended,
or existing permanent artwork or semi-permanent
artwork in the installation space proposed for the
additional permanent artwork or semi-permanent
artwork.
(2) The existing conditions of the surface of
the proposed installation space.
[[Page 192]]
(3) The last time fixed art was added to the
proposed installation space.
(4) The amount of area available for the
installation of permanent artwork or semi-permanent
artwork in the proposed installation space.
(5) The opinion of the Curatorial Advisory Board
on such affixation.
Sec. 3. Creation of artwork.
If a request to affix permanent artwork or semi-
permanent artwork to the walls, floors, or ceilings of the
public spaces and committee rooms of the Senate wing of the
Capitol and the Senate office buildings meets the
requirements of section 1, the Senate Commission on Art
shall select the artist and shall supervise and direct the
creation of the artwork and the application of the artwork
to the selected surface.
Sec. 4. Definitions.
In this resolution--
(1) permanent artwork.--The term ``permanent artwork''
means artwork that when applied directly to a wall, ceiling,
or floor has become part of the fabric of the building,
based on a consideration of relevant factors including--
(A) the original intent when the artwork was
applied;
(B) the method of application;
(C) the adaptation or essentialness of the
artwork to the building; and
(D) whether the removal of the artwork would
cause damage to either the artwork or the surface
that contains it.
(2) semi-permanent artwork.--The term ``semi-permanent
artwork'' means artwork that when applied directly to the
surface of a wall, ceiling, or floor can be removed without
damaging the artwork or the surface to which the artwork is
applied.
[S. Res. 629, 109-2, Dec. 7, 2006.]
131 PUBLIC ACCESS TO SENATE RECORDS AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
Resolved, That any records of the Senate or any
committee of the Senate which are transferred to the General
Services Administration under rule XI of the Standing Rules
of the Senate and section 2114 of Title 44, United
[[Page 193]]
States Code, and which have been made public prior to their
transfer may be made available for public use.
Sec. 2. (a) Subject to such rules or regulations as the
Secretary of the Senate may prescribe, any other records of
the Senate or any committee of the Senate which are so
transferred may be made available for public use--
(1) in the case of investigative files relating
to individuals and containing personal data,
personnel records, and records of executive
nominations, when such files and records have been
in existence for fifty years; and
(2) in the case of all other such records, when
such records have been in existence for twenty
years.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a),
any committee of the Senate may, by action of the full
committee, prescribe a different time when any of its
records may be made available for public use, under specific
conditions to be fixed by such committee, by giving notice
thereof to the Secretary of the Senate and the Administrator
of General Services.
Sec. 3. (a) This resolution shall not be construed to
authorize the public disclosure of any record pursuant to
section 2 if such disclosure is prohibited by law or
Executive order of the President.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 2, the
Secretary of the Senate may prohibit or restrict the public
disclosure of any record so transferred, other than any
record of a Senate committee, if he determines that public
disclosure of such record would not be in the public
interest and so notifies the Administrator of General
Services.
Sec. 4. The Secretary of the Senate shall transmit a
copy of this resolution to the Administrator of General
Services.
[S. Res. 474, 96-2, Dec. 1, 1980.]
132 PRINTING IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
Resolved, That hereafter no written or printed matter
shall be received for printing in the body of the
Congressional Record as a part of the remarks of any Senator
unless such matter (1) shall have been read orally by such
Senator on the floor of the Senate, or (2) shall have been
offered and received for printing in such manner as to
indicate clearly that the contents thereof were not read
orally by such Senator on the floor of the Senate. All such
matter shall be printed in the Record in accordance with the
rules prescribed by the Joint Committee on Printing. No
request
[[Page 194]]
shall be entertained by the Presiding Officer to suspend by
unanimous consent the requirements of this resolution.
[S. Jour. 510, 80-1, July 23, 1947.]
133 PRINTING OF THE EXECUTIVE JOURNAL
Resolved, That, beginning with the first session,
Ninetieth Congress, the Secretary of the Senate is
authorized to have printed not more than one hundred and
fifty copies of the Executive Journal for a session of the
Congress.
[S. Jour. 167, 90-1, Feb. 17, 1967.]
134 PRINTING OF MEMORIAL TRIBUTES TO DECEASED FORMER MEMBERS OF
THE SENATE
Resolved, That when the Senate orders the printing as a
Senate document of the legislative proceedings in the United
States Congress relating to the death of a former United
States Senator, such document shall be prepared, printed,
bound, and distributed, except to the extent otherwise
provided by the Joint Committee on Printing under chapter 1
of Title 44, United States Code, in the same manner and
under the same conditions as memorial addresses on behalf of
Members of Congress dying in office are printed under
sections 723 and 724 of such Title.
[S. Jour. 293, 93-1, Apr. 6, 1973.]
135 OFFICE OF SENATE SECURITY
Resolved, That (a) there is established, within the
Office of the Secretary of the Senate (hereinafter referred
to as the ``Secretary''), the Office of Senate Security
(hereinafter referred to as the ``Office''), which shall be
headed by a Director of Senate Security (hereinafter
referred to as the ``Director''). The Office shall be under
the policy direction of the Majority and Minority Leaders of
the Senate, and shall be under the administrative direction
and supervision of the Secretary.
(b)(1) The Director shall be appointed by the Secretary
after consultation with the Majority and Minority Leaders.
The Secretary shall fix the compensation of the Director.
Any appointment under this subsection shall be made solely
on the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the
position and without regard to political affiliation.
(2) The Director, with the approval of the Secretary,
and after consultation with the Chairman and Ranking Member
of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate,
may establish such policies and procedures as may be
necessary to carry out the provisions of this resolution.
[[Page 195]]
Commencing one year from the effective date of this
resolution, the Director shall submit an annual report to
the Majority and Minority Leaders and the Chairman and
Ranking Member of the Committee on Rules and Administration
on the status of security matters and the handling of
classified information in the Senate, and the progress of
the Office in achieving the mandates of this resolution.
Sec. 2. (a) The Secretary shall appoint and fix the
compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to carry
out the provisions of this resolution. The Director, with
the approval of the Secretary, shall prescribe the duties
and responsibilities of such personnel. If a Director is not
appointed, the Office shall be headed by an Acting Director.
The Secretary shall appoint and fix the compensation of the
Acting Director.
(b) The Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate may
each designate a Majority staff assistant and a Minority
staff assistant to serve as their liaisons to the Office.
Upon such designation, the Secretary shall appoint and fix
the compensation of the Majority and Minority liaison
assistants.
Sec. 3. (a) The Office is authorized, and shall have the
responsibility, to develop, establish, and carry out
policies and procedures with respect to such matters as:
(1) the receipt, control, transmission, storage,
destruction or other handling of classified
information addressed to the United States Senate,
the President of the Senate, or Members and
employees of the Senate;
(2) the processing of security clearance
requests and renewals for officers and employees of
the Senate;
(3) establishing and maintaining a current and
centralized record of security clearances held by
officers and employees of the Senate, and developing
recommendations for reducing the number of
clearances held by such employees;
(4) consulting and presenting briefings on
security matters and the handling of classified
information for the benefit of Members and employees
of the Senate;
(5) maintaining an active liaison on behalf of
the Senate, or any committee thereof, with all
departments and agencies of the United States on
security matters; and
[[Page 196]]
(6) conducting periodic review of the practices
and procedures employed by all offices of the Senate
for the handling of classified information.
(b) Within 180 days after the Director takes office, he
shall develop, after consultation with the Secretary, a
Senate Security Manual, to be printed and distributed to all
Senate offices. The Senate Security Manual will prescribe
the policies and procedures of the Office, and set forth
regulations for all other Senate offices for the handling of
classified information. [Executed.]
(c) Within 90 days after taking office, the Director
shall conduct a survey to determine the number of officers
and employees of the Senate that have security clearances
and report the findings of the survey to the Majority and
Minority Leaders and Secretary of the Senate together with
recommendations regarding the feasibility of reducing the
number of employees with such clearances.
(d) The Office shall have authority--
(1) to provide appropriate facilities in the
United States Capitol for hearings of committees of
the Senate at which restricted data or other
classified information is to be presented or
discussed;
(2) to establish and operate a central
repository in the United States Capitol for the
safeguarding of classified information for which the
Office is responsible; which shall include the
classified records, transcripts, and materials of
all closed sessions of the Senate; and
(3) to administer and maintain oaths of secrecy
under paragraph (2) of rule XXIX of the Standing
Rules of the Senate and to establish such procedures
as may be necessary to implement the provisions of
such paragraph.
Sec. 4. Funds appropriated for the fiscal year 1987
which would be available to carry out the purposes of the
Interim Office of Senate Security but for the termination of
such Office shall be available for the Office of Senate
Security.
Sec. 5. (a) All records, documents, data, materials,
rooms, and facilities in the custody of the Interim Office
of Senate Security at the time of its termination on July
10, 1987, are transferred to the Office established by
subsection (a) of the first section of this resolution.
(b) This resolution shall take effect on July 11, 1987.
[S. Res. 243, 100-1, July 1, 1987.]
[[Page 197]]
------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES SENATE CHAMBER AND GALLERIES REGULATIONS
------------------------------------------------------------
[Adopted by the Committee on Rules and Administration on
October 7, 2020, pursuant to rule XXXIII of the Standing
Rules of the Senate]
150.1 1.0 Scope--These regulations are applicable only to the
Senate Chamber and Galleries.
150.2 2.0 Definitions--For purposes of these regulations, the
following terms have the meaning specified.
2.1 Cloakroom means the two spaces, one
assigned to the majority party and one assigned to
the minority party, adjacent to the Senate Chamber.
2.2 Galleries means the ten seating galleries
located in the Senate Chamber.
2.3 Marble Room means the Senators meeting room
adjacent to the Senate Lobby.
2.4 Senate Chamber means the space that
encompasses the Senate Floor and Galleries.
2.5 Senate Floor means the floor of the Senate
Chamber.
2.6 Senate Lobby means the hallway space
adjoining the Senate Chamber to the Marble Room.
2.7 Sergeant at Arms means the Sergeant at Arms
of the Senate.
150.3 3.0 Sergeant At Arms Chamber And Galleries Duties--The
Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, under the direction of the
Presiding Officer, shall be the Executive Officer of the
body for the enforcement of all rules made by the Committee
on Rules and Administration for the regulation of the Senate
Chamber and Galleries.
3.1 The Senate Floor shall be at all times
under the Sergeant at Arms' immediate supervision,
and the Sergeant at Arms shall see that the various
subordinate officers of the Office of the Sergeant
at Arms perform the duties to which they are
especially assigned.
[[Page 198]]
3.2 The Sergeant at Arms shall see that the
messengers assigned to the doors upon the Senate
Floor are at their posts and that the Senate Floor,
Cloakrooms, and Senate Lobby are cleared at least
five minutes before the opening of daily sessions of
all persons not entitled to remain there.
3.3 In the absence of the Sergeant at Arms the
duties of the office, so far as they pertain to the
enforcement of the rules, shall devolve upon the
Deputy Sergeant at Arms.
150.4 4.0 Messengers Acting as Assistant Doorkeepers--The
messengers acting as Assistant Doorkeepers shall be assigned
to their duties by the Sergeant at Arms.
150.5 5.0 Assignment of Majority and Minority Secretaries--
The secretary for the majority and the secretary for the
minority shall be assigned, during the daily sessions of the
Senate, to duty upon the Senate Floor.
150.6 6.0 Use of the Senate Chamber--When the Senate is not
sitting in session or otherwise using the Chamber for some
function of the Senate, no Senator shall seat any person or
persons in chairs of Senators other than the chair assigned,
no other persons shall seat anyone in a chair of a Senator;
and lectures, talks, or speeches shall not be given at such
times to groups on the Senate Floor by Senators or others
except for the purpose of explaining the Chamber.
150.7 7.0 Use of the Marble Room--No persons shall be
admitted to the Marble Room except Senators.
150.8 8.0 Use of the Cloakrooms--No persons shall be admitted
to the Cloakrooms except those entitled to the privileges of
the Senate Floor under the Rule XXIII of the Standing Rules
of the Senate.
150.9 9.0 Use of the Senate Lobby--No persons shall be
admitted to the Senate Lobby except those entitled to the
privileges of the Senate Floor under the Rule XXIII of the
Standing Rules of the Senate.
150.10 10.0 Use of Display Materials in the Senate Chamber--
Graphic displays in the Senate Chamber are limited to
charts, photographs, or renderings:
10.1 Size--No larger than 36 inches by 48
inches.
[[Page 199]]
10.2 Where--On an easel stand next to the
Senator's desk or at the rear of the Chamber.
10.3 When--Only at the time the Senator is
engaged in debate.
10.4 Number--No more than two may be displayed
at a time.
150.11 11.0 Solicitation and Commercial Activities
Prohibited--No persons shall carry out any of the following
activities in the Senate Chamber and Galleries: offer or
expose any article for sale; display a sign, placard, or
other form of advertisement; or solicit fares, alms,
subscriptions, or contributions.
150.12 12.0 Legislative Buzzers and Signal Lights--The system
of legislative buzzers and signal lights, which correspond
with rings if available, shall be as follows:
12.1 Pre-session signals:
12.1.1 One long ring at hour of convening.
12.1.2 One red light to remain lighted at all
times while Senate is in actual session.
12.2 Session signals:
12.2.1 One ring-Yeas and nays.
12.2.2 Two rings-quorum call.
12.2.3 Three rings-Call of absentees.
12.2.4 Four rings-Adjournment or recess. (End
of daily session.)
12.2.5 Five rings-Seven and a half minutes
remaining on yea and nay vote.
12.2.6 Morning business concluded-Six rings.
Lights cut off immediately.
12.2.7 Recess during daily session-Six rings.
Lights stay on during period of recess.
150.13 13.0 Taking of Pictures Prohibited; Use of Mechanical
Equipment in Chamber--
13.1 The taking of pictures of any kind is
prohibited in the Senate Chamber, the Marble Room,
the Senate Lobby, and the Senate Cloakrooms;
however,
13.2 The Sergeant at Arms shall be authorized
to admit into the spaces defined in 13.1 such
mechanical equipment and/or devices which, in the
judgment of the Sergeant at Arms, are necessary and
proper in the conduct of official Senate business
and which by their presence shall not in any way
distract, interrupt, or inconvenience the business
or Members of the Senate.
[[Page 200]]
150.14 14.0 Galleries--The Sergeant at Arms shall keep the
aisles of the galleries clear, and shall not allow
admittance into the galleries of more than their seating
capacity. The Sergeant at Arms shall not permit any person
to enter a gallery with or carrying any firearms or
dangerous weapons except for law enforcement and other
personnel performing duties under the direction of the
Senate, or any package, bundle, suitcase, briefcase, or
camera; the Sergeant at Arms shall not permit any person in
any gallery to smoke, applaud, or commit any other type of
demonstration either by sound or sign; except in the press,
radio, television, and correspondents' galleries the
Sergeant at Arms shall not permit any person to read (except
the Senate seating diagram) or to write or take notes
(except credentialed employees of the Senate when taking
notes in the course of their employment); the Sergeant at
Arms shall not permit any person to take any picture or
photograph or to sketch or draw; the Sergeant at Arms shall
not permit any person to place any object whatsoever-
including hats, coats, or other personal apparel-or portion
of a person on any railing, or any person to wear a hat,
except that where a person's religious beliefs require that
person wear a head-cover in such public places as the Senate
Gallery, then such head-cover shall be permitted; and the
Sergeant at Arms shall not allow any person to lean forward
over the railings or to place hands thereon.
14.1 The galleries of the Senate shall be set
apart and occupied as follows:
14.1.1 Gallery 1--the gallery above the
northeastern corner of the Senate Chamber, commonly
referred to as the Staff Gallery, is reserved for
the use of credentialed employees of the Senate.
14.1.2 Gallery 2--the gallery above the
eastern entrance to the Senate Chamber, commonly
referred to as the Family Gallery, is reserved for
the exclusive use of the families of Senators,
former Presidents of the United States, and
incumbent Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the
Senate.
14.1.2.1 The first two rows of the gallery
are reserved for the spouses and other members of
the immediate families of Senators.
14.1.2.2 The remainder of the gallery is
reserved for the families of Senators and guests
visiting their families who shall be designated by
some member of the Senator's family, and for the
families of
[[Page 201]]
former Presidents of the United States, as well as
families of incumbent Secretary and Sergeant at Arms
of the Senate.
14.1.3 Gallery 3--the gallery over the
southeastern corner of the Senate Chamber, commonly
referred to as a Public Gallery, is reserved for the
use of persons holding a card issued by a Senator.
14.1.3.1 The period to which such card of
admission shall be limited rests entirely in the
discretion of the Senator issuing it, except that
such cards shall expire at the end of each session
and cards of a different color shall be furnished by
the Sergeant at Arms for the following session.
14.1.3.2 The Sergeant at Arms shall in the
Sergeant at Arms' discretion limit occupancy of the
public galleries to such periods as may be required
to accommodate with reasonable expediency all card
bearers who are seeking admission.
14.1.4 Gallery 4--the gallery between Gallery
3 and Gallery 5 on the south side of the Senate
Chamber, commonly referred to as the
Representatives' Gallery, is reserved for the use of
Members of Congress of the House of Representatives
and their guests.
14.1.5 Gallery 5--the gallery over the
southern main entrance to the Senate Chamber,
commonly referred to as the Presidential and
Diplomatic Gallery, is reserved for the use of the
Diplomatic Corps, and no person shall be admitted to
it excepting the Secretary of State, foreign
ministers, their families and Senators.
14.1.5.1 The first row on the eastern side
of this gallery shall be set apart for the use of
the President of the United States.
14.1.5.2 The second row on the eastern side
of this gallery shall be set apart for the use of
the Vice President of the United States.
14.1.5.3 The third row on the eastern side
of this gallery shall be set apart for the use of
the President pro tempore of the Senate.
14.1.6 Gallery 6--the gallery between Gallery
5 and Gallery 7 on the south side of the Senate
Chamber, commonly referred to as a Public Gallery,
is reserved for the use of large guided tours and
other special parties.
[[Page 202]]
14.1.7 Gallery 7--the gallery over the
southwest corner of the Senate Chamber, commonly
referred to as the Accessible Gallery, is reserved
for the use of any guest, especially those who wish
to avoid stairs, and those who would like to view
closed captioning television, or use an assisted
listening device.
14.1.8 Gallery 8--the gallery over the west
entrance to the Senate Chamber, commonly referred to
as a Public Gallery, is reserved for the use of
persons holding a card issued by a Senator.
14.1.8.1 The period to which such card of
admission shall be limited rests entirely in the
discretion of the Senator issuing it, except that
such cards shall expire at the end of each session
and cards of a different color shall be furnished by
the Sergeant at Arms for the following session.
14.1.8.2 The Sergeant at Arms shall in the
Sergeant at Arms' discretion limit occupancy of the
public galleries to such periods as may be required
to accommodate with reasonable expediency all card
bearers who are seeking admission.
14.1.9 Gallery 9--the gallery over the
northwest corner of the Senate Chamber, commonly
referred to as a Public Gallery, is reserved for the
use of persons holding a card issued by a Senator.
14.1.9.1 The period to which such card of
admission shall be limited rests entirely in the
discretion of the Senator issuing it, except that
such cards shall expire at the end of each session
and cards of a different color shall be furnished by
the Sergeant at Arms for the following session.
14.1.9.2 The Sergeant at Arms shall in the
Sergeant at Arms' discretion limit occupancy of the
public galleries to such periods as may be required
to accommodate with reasonable expediency all card
bearers who are seeking admission.
14.1.10 Gallery 10--the gallery above the
Senate Floor dais on the north side of the Senate
Chamber including the front row of Gallery 1 and the
front row of Gallery 9, commonly referred to as the
Media Gallery, is reserved for the exclusive use of
the Press Gallery, Radio and Television
Correspondents Gallery, Periodical Press Gallery,
and Press Photographers' Gallery.
[[Page 203]]
150.15 15.0 Use of the Media Gallery--Gallery 10, the Media
Gallery shall be further set apart and occupied as follows:
15.1 Press Gallery--The gallery in the rear of
the Vice President's chair shall be set apart for
reporters of daily newspapers.
15.1.1 The administration of the Press
Gallery shall be vested in a Standing Committee of
Correspondents elected by accredited members of the
gallery. The committee shall consist of five persons
elected to serve for terms of two years: Provided,
however, that at the election in January 1951, the
three candidates receiving the highest number of
votes shall serve for two years and the remaining
two for one year. Thereafter, three members shall be
elected in odd-numbered years and two in even-
numbered years. Elections shall be held in January.
The committee shall elect its own chair and
secretary. Vacancies on the committee shall be
filled by special election to be called by the
Standing Committee.
15.1.2 Persons desiring admission to
the Press Gallery in the Senate wing shall
make application in accordance with Rule
XXXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate,
which rule shall be interpreted and
administered by the Standing Committee of
Correspondents, subject to the review and
approval by the Senate Committee on Rules
and Administration.
15.1.3 The Standing Committee of
Correspondents shall limit membership in the
Press Gallery to bona fide correspondents of
repute in their profession, under such rules
as the Standing Committee of Correspondents
shall prescribe: Provided, however, that the
Standing Committee of Correspondents shall
admit to the Press Gallery no person who
does not establish to the satisfaction of
the Standing Committee all of the following:
15.1.3.1 That the person's principal income
is obtained from news correspondence intended for
publication in newspapers entitled to second-class
mailing privileges.
15.1.3.2 That the person is not engaged in
paid publicity or promotion work or in prosecuting
any claim before Congress or before any department
[[Page 204]]
of the Government, and will not become so engaged
while a member of the Press Gallery.
15.1.3.3 That the person is not engaged in
any lobbying activity and will not become so engaged
while a member of the Press Gallery.
15.1.4 Members of the families of
correspondents are not entitled to the privileges of
the Press Gallery.
15.1.5 The Standing Committee of
Correspondents shall propose no change or changes in
these rules except upon petition in writing signed
by not less than 100 accredited members of the Press
Gallery.
15.2 Radio and Television Correspondents
Gallery--The front row of Gallery 1 shall be set
apart for the use of the radio-television
correspondents.
15.2.1 Persons desiring admission to the
Radio and Television Correspondents Gallery of the
Senate shall make application to the Committee on
Rules and Administration of the Senate, as required
by Rule XXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate;
and shall also state, in writing, the names of all
radio stations, television stations, systems, or
newsgathering organizations by which they are
employed; and what other occupation or employment
they may have, if any; and shall further declare
that they are not engaged in the prosecution of
claims or promotion of legislation pending before
Congress, the departments, or the independent
agencies, and that they will not become so employed
without resigning from the gallery. They shall
further declare that they are not employed in any
legislative or executive department or independent
agency of the Government, or by any foreign
government or representative thereof; that they are
not engaged in any lobbying activities; that they do
not and will not, directly or indirectly, furnish
special information to any organization, individual,
or group of individuals, for the influencing of
prices on any commodity or stock exchange; that they
will not do so during the time they retain
membership in the gallery. Holders of visitors'
cards who may be allowed temporary admission to the
gallery must conform to all the restrictions of this
paragraph.
15.2.2 It shall be prerequisite to membership
that the radio station, television station, system,
or newsgathering agencies which the applicants
represent shall certify, in writing, to the Radio
and Tele
[[Page 205]]
vision Correspondents Gallery that the applicants
conform to the foregoing regulations.
15.2.3 The applications required by the above
rule shall be authenticated in a manner that shall
be satisfactory to the Executive Committee of the
Radio and Television Correspondents Gallery, which
shall see that the occupation of the gallery is
confined to bona fide news gatherers and/ or
reporters of reputable standing in their business
who represent radio stations, television stations,
systems, or newsgathering agencies engaged primarily
in serving radio stations, television stations, or
systems. It shall be the duty of the Executive
Committee of the Radio and Television Correspondents
Gallery to report, at its discretion, violation of
privileges of the gallery to the Senate Committee on
Rules and Administration, and, pending action
thereon, the offending individual may be suspended.
15.2.4 Persons engaged in other occupations,
whose chief attention is not given to-or more than
one-half of their earned income is not derived from-
the gathering or reporting of news for radio
stations, television stations, systems, or
newsgathering agencies primarily serving radio
stations, television stations, or systems, shall not
be entitled to admission to the Radio and Television
Correspondents Gallery. The Radio and Television
Correspondents list in the Congressional Directory
shall be a list only of persons whose chief
attention is given to the gathering and reporting of
news for radio stations, television stations, and
systems engaged in the daily dissemination of news,
and of representatives of newsgathering agencies
engaged in the daily service of news to such radio
stations, television stations, or systems.
15.2.5 Members of the families of
correspondents are not entitled to the privileges of
the gallery.
15.2.6 The Radio and Television
Correspondents Gallery shall be under the control of
the Executive Committee of the Radio and Television
Correspondents Gallery, subject to the approval and
supervision of the Senate Committee on Rules and
Administration.
15.3 Periodical Press Gallery - The front row
of Gallery 9 shall be set aside for the use of the
periodical press.
[[Page 206]]
15.3.1 Persons eligible for admission to the
Periodical Press Gallery of the Senate must be bona
fide resident correspondents of reputable standing,
giving their chief attention to the gathering and
reporting of news. They shall state in writing the
names of their employers and their additional
sources of earned income; and they shall declare
that, while a member of the Gallery, they will not
act as an agent in the prosecution of claims, and
will not become engaged or assist, directly or
indirectly, in any lobbying, promotion, advertising,
or publicity activity intended to influence
legislation or any other action of the Congress, nor
any matter before any independent agency, or any
department or other instrumentality of the Executive
Branch; and that they will not act as an agent for,
or be employed by the federal, or any state, local
or foreign government or representatives thereof;
and that they will not, directly or indirectly,
furnish special or ``insider'' information intended
to influence prices or for the purpose of trading on
any commodity or stock exchange; and that they will
not become employed, directly or indirectly, by any
stock exchange, board of trade or other organization
or member thereof, or brokerage house or broker
engaged in the buying and selling of any security or
commodity. Applications shall be submitted to the
Executive Committee of the Periodical
Correspondents' Association and shall be
authenticated in a manner satisfactory to the
Executive Committee.
15.3.2 Applicants must be employed by
periodicals that regularly publish a substantial
volume of news material of either general, economic,
industrial, technical, cultural or trade character.
The periodical must require such Washington coverage
on a continuing basis and must be owned and operated
independently of any government, industry,
institution, association, or lobbying organization.
Applicants must also be employed by a periodical
that is published for profit and is supported
chiefly by advertising or by subscription, or by a
periodical meeting the conditions in this paragraph
but published by a non-profit organization that,
first, operates independently of any government,
industry, or institution and, second, does not
engage, directly or indirectly, in any lobbying or
[[Page 207]]
other activity intended to influence any matter
before Congress or before any independent agency or
any department or other instrumentality of the
Executive Branch. House organs are not eligible.
15.3.3 Members of the families of
correspondents are not entitled to the privileges of
the gallery.
15.3.4 The Executive Committee may issue
temporary credentials permitting the privileges of
the Gallery to individuals who meet the rules of
eligibility but who may be on short-term assignment
or temporarily resident in Washington.
15.3.5 Under the authority of Rule XXIII of
the Standing Rules of the Senate, the Periodical
Press Gallery of the Senate shall be under the
control of the Executive Committee, subject to the
approval and supervision of the Senate Committee on
Rules and Administration. It shall be the duty of
the Executive Committee, at its discretion, to
report violations of the privileges of the Gallery
to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration,
and pending action thereon, the offending
correspondent may be suspended. The Committee shall
be elected at the start of each Congress by members
of the Periodical Correspondents' Association, and
shall consist of seven members with no more than one
member from any one publishing organization. The
Committee shall elect its own officers, and a
majority of the Committee may fill vacancies on the
Committee. The list in the Congressional Directory
shall be a list only of members of the Periodical
Correspondents' Association.
15.4 Press Photographer's Gallery--
15.4.1 Administration of the Press
Photographers' Gallery is vested in a Standing
Committee of Press Photographers consisting of six
persons elected by accredited members of the
gallery. The Committee shall be composed of one
member each from Associated Press Photos, Reuters
News Pictures or AFP Photos, magazine media, local
newspapers, agency or freelance member, and one at-
large member. The at-large member may be, but need
not be, selected from a media otherwise represented
on the Committee, however no organization may have
more than one representative on the Committee.
15.4.2 The term of office of a member of the
Committee elected as the Associated Press Photos
[[Page 208]]
member, the local newspaper member, and the Reuters
News Pictures or AFP Photos member shall expire on
the day of the election held in the first odd-
numbered year following the year in which the person
was elected, and the term of office of a member of
the Committee elected as the magazine media member,
the agency or freelance member and the at-large
member shall expire on the day of the election held
in the first even-numbered year following the year
in which the person was elected. A member elected to
fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of
a term shall serve only for the unexpired portion of
such term.
15.4.2.1 Election for the Reuters News
Picture or AFP photos seat was held in 1999.
15.4.2.2 Election for the agency or
freelance seat was held in 2000.
15.4.3 Elections shall be held as early as
practicable in each year and in no case later than
March 31. A vacancy in the membership of the
Committee occurring prior to the expiration of a
term shall be filled by special election called for
that purpose by the Committee.
15.4.4 The Standing Committee of the Press
Photographers' Gallery shall propose no change or
changes in these rules except upon petition in
writing signed by not less than 25 accredited
members of the gallery.
15.4.5 Persons desiring admission to the
Press Photographers' Gallery of the Senate shall
make application in accordance Rule XXIII of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, which rule shall be
interpreted and administered by the Standing
Committee of Press Photographers subject to the
review and approval of the Senate Committee on Rules
and Administration.
15.4.6 The Standing Committee of Press
Photographers shall limit membership in the
photographers' gallery to bona fide news
photographers of repute in their profession and to
heads of Photographic Bureaus under such rules as
the Standing Committee of Press Photographers shall
prescribe.
15.4.7 Provided, however, That the Standing
Committee of Press Photographers shall admit to the
gallery no person who does not establish to the
satisfaction of the Committee all of the following:
[[Page 209]]
15.4.7.1 That any member is not engaged in
paid publicity or promotion work or in prosecuting
any claim before Congress or before any department
of the Government, and will not become so engaged
while a member of the gallery.
15.4.7.2 That the person is not engaged in
any lobbying activity and will not become so engaged
while a member of the gallery.
[[Page 211]]
------------------------------------------------------------
RULES OF PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE IN THE SENATE WHEN SITTING
ON IMPEACHMENT TRIALS
------------------------------------------------------------
[Revised pursuant to S. Res. 479, 99-2, Aug. 16, 1986]
170 I. Whensoever the Senate shall receive notice from the
House of Representatives that managers are appointed on
their part to conduct an impeachment against any person and
are directed to carry articles of impeachment to the Senate,
the Secretary of the Senate shall immediately inform the
House of Representatives that the Senate is ready to receive
the managers for the purpose of exhibiting such articles of
impeachment, agreeably to such notice.
171 II. When the managers of an impeachment shall be
introduced at the bar of the Senate and shall signify that
they are ready to exhibit articles of impeachment against
any person, the Presiding Officer of the Senate shall direct
the Sergeant at Arms to make proclamation, who shall, after
making proclamation, repeat the following words, viz: ``All
persons are commanded to keep silence, on pain of
imprisonment, while the House of Representatives is
exhibiting to the Senate of the United States articles of
impeachment against ------ ------''; after which the
articles shall be exhibited, and then the Presiding Officer
of the Senate shall inform the managers that the Senate will
take proper order on the subject of the impeachment, of
which due notice shall be given to the House of
Representatives.
172 III. Upon such articles being presented to the Senate,
the Senate shall, at 1 o'clock afternoon of the day (Sunday
excepted) following such presentation, or sooner if ordered
by the Senate, proceed to the consideration of such articles
and shall continue in session from day to day (Sundays
excepted) after the trial shall commence (unless otherwise
ordered by the Senate) until final judgment shall be
rendered, and so much longer as may, in its judgment, be
needful. Before proceeding to the consideration of the
articles of impeachment, the Presiding Officer shall
administer
[[Page 212]]
the oath hereinafter provided to the members of the Senate
then present and to the other members of the Senate as they
shall appear, whose duty it shall be to take the same.
173 IV. When the President of the United States or the Vice
President of the United States, upon whom the powers and
duties of the Office of President shall have devolved, shall
be impeached, the Chief Justice of the United States shall
preside; and in a case requiring the said Chief Justice to
preside notice shall be given to him by the Presiding
Officer of the Senate of the time and place fixed for the
consideration of the articles of impeachment, as aforesaid,
with a request to attend; and the said Chief Justice shall
be administered the oath by the Presiding Officer of the
Senate and shall presideover the Senate during the
consideration of said articles and upon the trial of the
person impeached therein.
174 V. The Presiding Officer shall have power to make and
issue, by himself or by the Secretary of the Senate, all
orders, mandates, writs, and precepts authorized by these
rules or by the Senate, and to make and enforce such other
regulations and orders in the premises as the Senate may
authorize or provide.
175 VI. The Senate shall have power to compel the attendance
of witnesses, to enforce obedience to its orders, mandates,
writs, precepts, and judgments, to preserve order, and to
punish in a summary way contempts of, and disobedience to,
its authority, orders, mandates, writs, precepts, or
judgments, and to make all lawful orders, rules, and
regulations which it may deem essential or conducive to the
ends of justice. And the Sergeant at Arms, under the
direction of the Senate, may employ such aid and assistance
as may be necessary to enforce, execute, and carry into
effect the lawful orders, mandates, writs, and precepts of
the Senate.
176 VII. The Presiding Officer of the Senate shall direct
all necessary preparations in the Senate Chamber, and the
Presiding Officer on the trial shall direct all the forms of
proceedings while the Senate is sitting for the purpose of
trying an impeachment, and all forms during the trial not
otherwise specially provided for. And the Presiding Officer
on the trial may rule on all questions of evidence
including, but not limited to, questions of relevancy,
materiality, and redundancy of evidence and incidental
questions, which ruling shall stand as the judgment of the
Senate, unless some Member of the Senate shall ask that a
formal vote
[[Page 213]]
be taken thereon, in which case it shall be submitted to the
Senate for decision without debate; or he may at his option,
in the first instance, submit any such question to a vote of
the Members of the Senate. Upon all such questions the vote
shall be taken in accordance with the Standing Rules of the
Senate.
177 VIII. Upon the presentation of articles of impeachment
and the organization of the Senate as hereinbefore provided,
a writ of summons shall issue to the person impeached,
reciting said articles, and notifying him to appear before
the Senate upon a day and at a place to be fixed by the
Senate and named in such writ, and file his answer to said
articles of impeachment, and to stand to and abide the
orders and judgments of the Senate thereon; which writ shall
be served by such officer or person as shall be named in the
precept thereof, such number of days prior to the day fixed
for such appearance as shall be named in such precept,
either by the delivery of an attested copy thereof to the
person impeached, or if that can not conveniently be done,
by leaving such copy at the last known place of abode of
such person, or at his usual place of business in some
conspicuous place therein; or if such service shall be, in
the judgment of the Senate, impracticable, notice to the
person impeached to appear shall be given in such other
manner, by publication or otherwise, as shall be deemed
just; and if the writ aforesaid shall fail of service in the
manner aforesaid, the proceedings shall not thereby abate,
but further service may be made in such manner as the Senate
shall direct. If the person impeached, after service, shall
fail to appear, either in person or by attorney, on the day
so fixed therefor as aforesaid, or, appearing, shall fail to
file his answer to such articles of impeachment, the trial
shall proceed, nevertheless, as upon a plea of not guilty.
If a plea of guilty shall be entered, judgment may be
entered thereon without further proceedings.
178 IX. At 12:30 o'clock afternoon of the day appointed for
the return of the summons against the person impeached, the
legislative and executive business of the Senate shall be
suspended, and the Secretary of the Senate shall administer
an oath to the returning officer in the form following, viz:
``I, ------ ------, do solemnly swear that the return made
by me upon the process issued on the ---- day of ------, by
the Senate of the United States, against ------ ------, is
truly made, and that I have performed such serv
[[Page 214]]
ice as therein described: So help me God.'' Which oath shall
be entered at large on the records.
179 X. The person impeached shall then be called to appear
and answer the articles of impeachment against him. If he
appears, or any person for him, the appearance shall be
recorded, stating particularly if by himself, or by agent or
attorney, naming the person appearing and the capacity in
which he appears. If he does not appear, either personally
or by agent or attorney, the same shall be recorded.
180 XI. That in the trial of any impeachment the Presiding
Officer of the Senate, if the Senate so orders, shall
appoint a committee of Senators to receive evidence and take
testimony at such times and places as the committee may
determine, and for such purpose the committee so appointed
and the chairman thereof, to be elected by the committee,
shall (unless otherwise ordered by the Senate) exercise all
the powers and functions conferred upon the Senate and the
Presiding Officer of the Senate, respectively, under the
rules of procedure and practice in the Senate when sitting
on impeachment trials.
Unless otherwise ordered by the Senate, the rules of
procedure and practice in the Senate when sitting on
impeachment trials shall govern the procedure and practice
of the committee so appointed. The committee so appointed
shall report to the Senate in writing a certified copy of
the transcript of the proceedings and testimony had and
given before such committee, and such report shall be
received by the Senate and the evidence so received and the
testimony so taken shall be considered to all intents and
purposes, subject to the right of the Senate to determine
competency, relevancy, and materiality, as having been
received and taken before the Senate, but nothing herein
shall prevent the Senate from sending for any witness and
hearing his testimony in open Senate, or by order of the
Senate having the entire trial in open Senate.
181 XII. At 12:30 o'clock afternoon, or at such other hour
as the Senate may order, of the day appointed for the trial
of an impeachment, the legislative and executive business of
the Senate shall be suspended, and the Secretary shall give
notice to the House of Representatives that the Senate is
ready to proceed upon the impeachment of ------ ------, in
the Senate Chamber.
182 XIII. The hour of the day at which the Senate shall sit
upon the trial of an impeachment shall be (unless otherwise
ordered) 12 o'clock m.; and when the hour shall arrive,
[[Page 215]]
the Presiding Officer upon such trial shall cause
proclamation to be made, and the business of the trial shall
proceed. The adjournment of the Senate sitting in said trial
shall not operate as an adjournment of the Senate; but on
such adjournment the Senate shall resume the consideration
of its legislative and executive business.
183 XIV. The Secretary of the Senate shall record the
proceedings in cases of impeachment as in the case of
legislative proceedings, and the same shall be reported in
the same manner as the legislative proceedings of the
Senate.
184 XV. Counsel for the parties shall be admitted to appear
and be heard upon an impeachment.
185 XVI. All motions, objections, requests, or applications
whether relating to the procedure of the Senate or relating
immediately to the trial (including questions with respect
to admission of evidence or other questions arising during
the trial) made by the parties or their counsel shall be
addressed to the Presiding Officer only, and if he, or any
Senator, shall require it, they shall be committed to
writing, and read at the Secretary's table.
186 XVII. Witnesses shall be examined by one person on
behalf of the party producing them, and then cross-examined
by one person on the other side.
187 XVIII. If a Senator is called as a witness, he shall be
sworn, and give his testimony standing in his place.
188 XIX. If a Senator wishes a question to be put to a
witness, or to a manager, or to counsel of the person
impeached, or to offer a motion or order (except a motion to
adjourn), it shall be reduced to writing, and put by the
Presiding Officer. The parties or their counsel may
interpose objections to witnesses answering questions
propounded at the request of any Senator and the merits of
any such objection may be argued by the parties or their
counsel. Ruling on any such objection shall be made as
provided in Rule VII. It shall not be in order for any
Senator to engage in colloquy.
189 XX. At all times while the Senate is sitting upon the
trial of an impeachment the doors of the Senate shall be
kept open, unless the Senate shall direct the doors to be
closed while deliberating upon its decisions. A motion to
close the doors may be acted upon without objection, or, if
objection is heard, the motion shall be voted on without
debate by the yeas and nays, which shall be entered on the
record.
[[Page 216]]
190 XXI. All preliminary or interlocutory questions, and all
motions, shall be argued for not exceeding one hour (unless
the Senate otherwise orders) on each side.
191 XXII. The case, on each side, shall be opened by one
person. The final argument on the merits may be made by two
persons on each side (unless otherwise ordered by the Senate
upon application for that purpose), and the argument shall
be opened and closed on the part of the House of
Representatives.
192 XXIII. An article of impeachment shall not be divisible
for the purpose of voting thereon at any time during the
trial. Once voting has commenced on an article of
impeachment, voting shall be continued until voting has been
completed on all articles of impeachment unless the Senate
adjourns for a period not to exceed one day or adjourns sine
die. On the final question whether the impeachment is
sustained, the yeas and nays shall be taken on each article
of impeachment separately; and if the impeachment shall not,
upon any of the articles presented, be sustained by the
votes of two-thirds of the Members present, a judgment of
acquittal shall be entered; but if the person impeached
shall be convicted upon any such article by the votes of
two-thirds of the Members present, the Senate shall proceed
to the consideration of such other matters as may be
determined to be appropriate prior to pronouncing judgment.
Upon pronouncing judgment, a certified copy of such judgment
shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State.
A motion to reconsider the vote by which any article of
impeachment is sustained or rejected shall not be in order.
192.1 Form of putting the question on each article of impeachment.
The Presiding Officer shall first state the question;
thereafter each Senator, as his name is called, shall rise
in his place and answer: guilty or not guilty.
193 XXIV. All the orders and decisions may be acted upon
without objection, or, if objection is heard, the orders and
decisions shall be voted on without debate by yeas and nays,
which shall be entered on the record, subject, however, to
the operation of Rule VII, except when the doors shall be
closed for deliberation, and in that case no member shall
speak more than once on one question, and for not more than
ten minutes on an interlocutory question, and
[[Page 217]]
for not more than fifteen minutes on the final question,
unless by consent of the Senate, to be had without debate;
but a motion to adjourn may be decided without the yeas and
nays, unless they be demanded by one-fifth of the members
present. The fifteen minutes herein allowed shall be for the
whole deliberation on the final question, and not on the
final question on each article of impeachment.
194 XXV. Witnesses shall be sworn in the following form,
viz: ``You, ------ ------, do swear (or affirm, as the case
may be) that the evidence you shall give in the case now
pending between the United States and ------ ------, shall
be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth: So
help you God.'' Which oath shall be administered by the
Secretary, or any other duly authorized person.
194.1 Form of a subpoena be issued on the application of the
managers of the impeachment, or of the party impeached,
or of his counsel.
To ------ ------, greeting:
You and each of you are hereby commanded to appear
before the Senate of the United States, on the ---- day of
------, at the Senate Chamber in the city of Washington,
then and there to testify your knowledge in the cause which
is before the Senate in which the House of Representatives
have impeached ------ ------.
Fail not.
Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the
Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------,
in the year of our Lord --------, and of the Independence of
the United States the ------.
------ ------,
Presiding Officer of the Senate.
194.2 FORM OF DIRECTION FOR THE SERVICE OF SAID SUBPOENA
The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
You are hereby commanded to serve and return the within
subpoena according to law.
Dated at Washington, this ---- day of ------, in the
year of our Lord ----, and of the Independence of the United
States the ------.
------ ------,
Secretary of the Senate.
[[Page 218]]
194.3 FORM OF OATH TO BE ADMINISTERED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE SENATE
AND THE PRESIDING OFFICER SITTING IN THE TRIAL OF
IMPEACHMENTS
``I solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that
in all things appertaining to the trial of the impeachment
of ------ ------, now pending, I will do impartial justice
according to the Constitution and laws: So help me God.''
194.4 FORM OF SUMMONS TO BE ISSUED AND SERVED UPON THE PERSON
IMPEACHED
The United States of America, ss:
The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
Whereas the House of Representatives of the United
States of America did, on the ---- day of ------, exhibit to
the Senate articles of impeachment against you, the said --
---- ------, in the words following:
[Here insert the articles]
And demand that you, the said ------ ------, should be put
to answer the accusations as set forth in said articles, and
that such proceedings, examinations, trials, and judgments
might be thereupon had as are agreeable to law and justice.
You, the said ------ ------, are therefore hereby
summoned to be and appear before the Senate of the United
States of America, at their Chamber in the city of
Washington, on the ---- day of ------, at ---- o'clock ----,
then and there to answer to the said articles of
impeachment, and then and there to abide by, obey, and
perform such orders, directions, and judgments as the Senate
of the United States shall make in the premises according to
the Constitution and laws of the United States.
Hereof you are not to fail.
Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the said
Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------,
in the year of our Lord ------, and of the Independence of
the United States the ------.
------ ------,
Presiding Officer of the Senate.
[[Page 219]]
194.5 FORM OF PRECEPT TO BE INDORSED ON SAID WRIT OF SUMMONS
The United States of America, ss:
The Senate of the United States to ------ ------, greeting:
You are hereby commanded to deliver to and leave with --
---- ------, if conveniently to be found, or if not, to
leave at his usual place of abode, or at his usual place of
business in some conspicuous place, a true and attested copy
of the within writ of summons, together with a like copy of
this precept; and in whichsoever way you perform the
service, let it be done at least ------ days before the
appearance day mentioned in the said writ of summons.
Fail not, and make return of this writ of summons and
precept, with your proceedings thereon indorsed, on or
before the appearance day mentioned in the said writ of
summons.
Witness ------ ------, and Presiding Officer of the
Senate, at the city of Washington, this ---- day of ------,
in the year of our Lord ------, and of the Independence of
the United States the ------.
------ ------,
Presiding Officer of the Senate.
All process shall be served by the Sergeant at Arms of
the Senate, unless otherwise ordered by the Senate.
195 XXVI. If the Senate shall at any time fail to sit for
the consideration of articles of impeachment on the day or
hour fixed therefor, the Senate may, by an order to be
adopted without debate, fix a day and hour for resuming such
consideration.
[[Page 221]]
------------------------------------------------------------
CLEAVES' MANUAL OF THE LAW AND PRACTICE IN REGARD TO
CONFERENCES AND CONFERENCE REPORTS\1\
------------------------------------------------------------
[Note.--The figures in parentheses at the end of rules
refer to sections of Hinds' Parliamentary Precedents (H.R.
Doc. 576, 55-2), where decisions and proceedings may be
found. The notes and references inserted are additional to
those in the work, and not found therein.]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Collated and prepared by Thomas P. Cleaves, Clerk to
the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, and
reported to the Senate by Mr. Allison, First Session, Fifty-
seventh Congress, under the following resolution of June 6,
1900:
``Resolved, That the Committee on Appropriations cause
to be prepared for the use of the Senate a manual of the law
and practice in regard to conferences and conference
reports.''
This manual is included for historical purposes and has
not been updated to reflect current law and practice in
regard to conferences. For current practice, see the
``Conferences and Conference Reports'' section of Riddick
and Frumin, Riddick's Senate Procedure: Precedents and
Practices.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONFERENCES
1. Parliamentary law relating to conferences as stated
in Jefferson's Manual, Section XLVI:
It is on the occasion of amendments between the Houses
that conferences are usually asked; but they may be asked in
all cases of difference of opinion between the two Houses on
matters depending between them. The request of a conference,
however, must always be by the House which is possessed of
the papers. (3 Hats., 31; 1 Grey, 425.)
Conferences may either be simple or free. At a
conference simply,\2\ written reasons are prepared by the
House asking it, and they are read and delivered without
debate, to the managers of the other House at the
conference, but are not then to be answered. (4 Grey, 144.)
The other House then, if satisfied, vote the reasons
satisfactory, or say nothing; if not satisfied, they resolve
them not satisfactory and ask a conference on the subject of
the last conference, where they read and deliver, in like
manner, written answers to those reasons. (3 Grey, 183.)
They are meant chiefly to record the justification of each
House to the nation
[[Page 222]]
at large and to posterity, and in proof that the miscarriage
of a necessary measure is not imputable to them. (3 Grey,
225.) At free conferences the managers discuss, vivi voce
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\So in original.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
and freely, and interchange propositions for such
modifications as may be made in a parliamentary way, and may
bring the sense of the two Houses together. And each party
reports in writing to their respective Houses the substance
of what is said on both sides, and it is entered in their
journals. (9 Grey, 220; 3 Hats., 280.) This report can not
be amended or altered, as that of a committee may be.
(Journal Senate, May 24, 1796.)
A conference may be asked before the House asking if it
has come to a resolution of disagreement, insisting or
adhering. (3 Hats., 269, 341.) In which case the papers are
not left with the other conferees, but are brought back to
be the foundation of the vote to be given. And this is the
most reasonable and respectful proceeding; for, as was urged
by the Lords on a particular occasion, ``it is held vain,
and below the wisdom of Parliament, to reason or argue
against fixed resolutions and upon terms of impossibility to
persuade.'' (3 Hats., 226.) So the Commons say, ``an
adherence is never delivered at a free conference, which
implies debate.'' (10 Grey, 137.) And on another occasion
the Lords made it an objection that the Commons had asked a
free conference after they had made resolutions of adhering.
It was then affirmed, however, on the part of the Commons,
that nothing was more parliamentary than to proceed with
free conferences after adhering (3 Hats., 369), and we do in
fact see instances of conference, or of free conference,
asked after the resolution of disagreeing (3 Hats., 251,
253, 260, 286, 291, 316, 349); of insisting (ib., 280, 296,
299, 319, 322, 355); of adhering (269, 270, 283, 300), and
even of a second or final adherence. (3 Hats., 270.) And in
all cases of conference asked after a vote of disagreement,
etc., the conferees of the House asking it are to leave the
papers with the conferees of the other; and in one case
where they refused to receive them they were left on the
table in the conference chamber. (Ib., 271, 317, 323, 354;
10 Grey, 146.)
After a free conference the usage is to proceed with
free conferences, and not to return again to a conference.
(3 Hats., 270; 9 Grey, 229.)
After a conference denied a free conference may be asked
(1 Grey, 45.)
[[Page 223]]
When a conference is asked the subject of it must be
expressed or the conference not agreed to. (Ord. H. Com.,
89; 1 Grey, 425; 7 Grey, 31.) They are sometimes asked to
inquire concerning an offense or default of a member of the
other House. (6 Grey, 181; 1 Chand., 204.) Or the failure of
the other House to present to the King a bill passed by both
Houses. (8 Grey, 302.) Or on information received and
relating to the safety of the nation. (10 Grey, 171.) Or
when the methods of Parliament are thought by the one House
to have been departed from by the other a conference is
asked to come to a right understanding thereon. (10 Grey,
148.) So when an unparliamentary message has been sent,
instead of answering it, they ask a conference. (3 Grey,
155.) Formerly an address or articles of impeachment, or a
bill with amendments, or a vote of the House, or concurrence
in a vote, or a message from the King, were sometimes
communicated by way of conference. But this is not the
modern practice. (1366.)
[Senate Manual, 1902, p. 137; House Manual, 56th Cong., 2d
sess., p. 207.]
CHARACTER OF CONFERENCES
2. Conferences may either be simple or free.
[Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]
Note.--This rule and the definition and description of
the two kinds of conferences are found in the foregoing
section. Vice President Hamlin, in ruling upon a question of
order in the Senate in the Thirty-eighth Congress, stated
the rule and the distinction between free and simple
conferences as follows:
``Conferences are of two characters, free and simple. A
free conference is that which leaves the committee of
conference entirely free to pass upon any subject where the
two branches have disagreed in their vote, not, however,
including any action upon any subject where there has been a
concurrent vote of both branches. A simple conference--
perhaps it should more properly be termed a strict or a
specific conference, though the parliamentary term is
simple--is that which confines the committee of conference
to the specific instructions of the body appointing it.''
(38th Cong., 1st sess., Congressional Globe, pt. I, p. 900.)
Speaker Reed, in his Manual of General Parliamentary
Law, chapter XV, section 242, states that ``A free
conference is one where the conferees meet and present not
only the reasons of each House, but such arguments and
reasons and persuasions as seem suitable to each member of
the committee. Instead of being confined to reasons adopted
by either House, each member may present his own. A
conference may therefore be a free conference though each
House may have instructed its members and limited them to
the terms of the agreement. This method of conference is the
only one known to our parliamentary law; at least, it is the
only one now in practice. When two legislative bodies in
this country have a conference, it is a free conference * *
*''
[[Page 224]]
REQUEST FOR CONFERENCE
3. The request for a conference must always be made by
the House in possession of the papers. (1366.)
[Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]
4. The motion to ask for a conference comes properly
after the motion to disagree, insist, or adhere. (1367.)
5. A conference may be asked before there has been a
disagreement. (1366.)
[48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 628, 642-643;
Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI.]
6. After one House has adhered the other may recede or
ask a conference, which may be granted by the other House.
(1358-1361.)
[23d Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 112; S. Jour., vol. 2,
pp. 70, 71; S. Jour., vol. 5, pp. 657, 661; Jefferson's
Manual, Sec. XLVI.]
7. The House may agree to a conference without
reconsidering its vote to adhere. (1362.)
8. Instances have occurred where one House has adhered
at once and has even refused a conference. (1363.)
Note.--In section XLV, Jefferson's Manual, it is stated
that ``Either House is free to pass over the term of
insisting, and to adhere in the first instance, but it is
not respectful to the other. In the ordinary parliamentary
course there are two free conferences, at least, before an
adherence.''
9. Where one House has voted at once to adhere, the
other may insist and ask a conference; but the motion to
recede has precedence. (1364.)
10. One House may disagree to the amendment of the
other, leaving it for the latter House to ask for the
conference as soon as the vote of disagreement is passed.
(1368.)
11. The amending House may insist at once upon its
amendments, and ask for a conference. (1370-1371.)
[48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 628, 642, 643;
Congressional Record, pp. 3974-4098.]
12. The request of the other House for a conference may
be referred to a committee.
[19th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 302; 49th Cong., 1st
sess., H. Jour., pp. 2292, 2293; Congressional Record, p.
7332.]
13. Where a conference committee is unable to agree, or
where a report is disagreed to, another conference is
usually asked for and agreed to. (1384-1388.)
14. Before the stage of disagreement has been reached,
the request of the other House for a conference gives the
bill no privilege over the other business of the House.
(1374, 1375.)
[[Page 225]]
15. The conference on a disagreement as to Senate
amendments to a House bill having failed, the Senate
reconsidered its action in amending and passing the bill,
passed it with a new amendment, and asked a new conference.
[55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, pp. 317, 439,
628, 631, 2303, 2360, 2362, 2770.]
16. The motion to insist and ask a conference has
precedence of the motion to instruct conferees. (1376-
1379.)
CONFEREES
APPOINTMENT OF CONFEREES
17. Statement of principles governing the selection of
conferees on the part of the House (1383), namely:
Note.--These principles and provisions are also
applicable to the Senate and in harmony with its practice.
The House members of conference committees, called the
managers on the part of the House, are appointed by the
Speaker.
Note.--The Senate members of conference committees,
called the managers on the part of the Senate, are appointed
by the Presiding Officer, by unanimous consent, under the
custom of the Senate. Rule XXIV provides that chairman and
other members of committees of the Senate shall be appointed
by resolution unless otherwise ordered.
They are usually three in number, but on important
measures the number is sometimes increased. In the selection
of the managers the two large political parties are usually
represented, and, also, care is taken that there shall be a
representation of the two opinions which almost always exist
on subjects of importance. Of course the majority party and
the prevailing opinion have the majority of the managers. *
* *
It is also almost the invariable practice to select
managers from the members of the committee which considered
the bill. * * * But sometimes in order to give
representation to a strong or prevailing sentiment in the
House the Speaker goes outside the ranks of the committee. *
* *
The managers of the two Houses while in conference vote
separately, the majority determining the attitude to be
taken toward the propositions of the other House. When the
report is made the signatures of a majority of each board of
managers are sufficient. The minority managers frequently
refrain from signing the report, and it is not unprecedented
for a minority manager to indorse his protest on the report.
[[Page 226]]
18. When conferees have disagreed or a conference report
has been rejected, the usual practice is to reappoint the
managers, although it seems to have been otherwise in former
years. (1383.)
19. Conferees having been appointed, it is too late to
reconsider the vote whereby the House has disagreed to a
Senate amendment. (1205.)
DISCHARGE OF CONFEREES
20. While a conference asked by the House was in
progress on the House's disagreement to Senate amendments,
by a special order the House discharged its conferees,
receded from its disagreement, and agreed to the amendments.
(1373.)
Note.--Similar action was taken by the Senate under like
circumstances in the Forty-second Congress (42d Cong., 2d
sess., S. Jour., p. 1028).
INSTRUCTIONS TO CONFEREES
21. It is in order to instruct conferees, and the
resolution of instruction should be offered after the House
has voted to insist and ask a conference and before the
conferees have been appointed. (1376-1379.)
[38th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 268; 39th Cong., 1st
sess., S. Jour., p. 782, 784; 40th Cong., 2d sess., S.
Jour., p. 119.]
22. It is not the practice to instruct conferees before
they have met and disagreed. (1380.)
23. It is not in order to give such instructions to
conferees as would require changes in the text to which both
Houses have agreed. (1380.)
24. The House having asked for a free conference, it is
not in order to instruct the conferees. (1381.)
25. The motion to instruct conferees is amendable.
(1390.)
[40th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 119.]
26. A conference report may be received although it may
be in violation of instructions given to the conferees.
(1382.)
CONFERENCE COMMITTEES AND REPORTS
AUTHORITY OF CONFERENCE COMMITTEES
27. A conference committee is practically two distinct
committees, each of which acts by a majority. (1401.)
28. Conference reports must be signed by a majority of
the managers on the part of each House. They are made
[[Page 227]]
in duplicate for the managers to present to their respective
Houses, the signatures of the managers of each House
appearing first on the report that is to be presented to the
House they represent.
Note.--See form of conference report appended.
29. Conferees may not include in their report matters
not committed to them by either House. (1414-1417.)
[50th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 1064, 1065; 54th
Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., pp. 90, 91, 96.]
In the House, in case such matter is included, the
conference report may be ruled out on a point of order.
(See Rule 50, below.)
In the Senate, in case such matter is included, the
custom is to submit the question of order to the Senate.
Note.--In the Fifty-fifth Congress, first session, Vice-
President Hobart, in overruling a point of order made on
this ground against a conference report during its reading
in the Senate, stated that the report having been adopted by
one House and being now submitted for discussion and
decision in the form of concurrence or disagreement, it is
not in the province of the Chair during the progress of its
presentation to decide that matter has been inserted which
is new or not relevant, but that such questions should go
before the Senate when it comes to vote on the adoption or
rejection of the report. (55th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour.,
pp. 171, 172; Congressional Record, pp. 2780-2787.) See also
Congressional Record, p. 2827, 56th Cong., 2d sess., when
the Presiding Officer (Mr. Lodge in the Chair) referred with
approval to the foregoing decision of Vice-President Hobart,
and stated that when a point of order is made on a
conference report on the ground that new matter has been
inserted, the Chair should submit the question to the Senate
instead of deciding it himself, as has been the custom in
the House. No formal ruling was made in this case, however,
as the conference report, after debate, was, by unanimous
consent, rejected. (56th Cong., 2d sess., Congressional
Record, pp. 2826-2883.)
30. Conferees may not strike out in conference anything
in a bill agreed to and passed by both Houses. (1321.)
[Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLV.]
31. Conferees may include in their report matters which
are germane modifications of subjects in disagreement
between the Houses and committed to the conference. (1418-
1419.)
32. A disagreement to an amendment in the nature of a
substitute having been referred to conferees, it was held to
be in order for them to report a new bill on the same
subject. (1420.)
33. A conference committee may report agreement as to
some of the matters of difference, but inability to agree as
to others. (1392.)
[29th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 523-524.]
[[Page 228]]
34. In drafting a conference report care should be taken
in stating the action of the conferees on amendments to
observe the parliamentary rule that neither House can recede
from or insist on its own amendment with an amendment; and
in case pages and lines of the bill or amendments are
referred to in the report, the engrossed bill and amendments
only should be used.
PRESENTATION AND PRIVILEGE OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
35. A conference report is made first to the House
agreeing to the conference.
Note.--This rule seems to follow from the principle laid
down by Jefferson (Manual, Sec. XLVI), that ``in all cases
of conference asked after a vote of disagreement, etc., the
conferees of the House asking it are to leave the papers
with the conferees of the other,'' thus putting the agreeing
House in possession of the papers, and has been the usual
practice in Congress.
36. Conference reports are in order in the Senate under
Rule XXVIII, as follows:
The presentation of reports of committees of conference
shall always be in order, except when the Journal is being
read or a question of order or motion to adjourn is pending,
or while the Senate is dividing; and when received, the
question of proceeding to the consideration of the report,
if raised, shall be immediately put, and shall be determined
without debate.
Note.--It has been held in the Senate that the
presentation of a conference report includes its reading,
unless by unanimous consent the reading is dispensed with
(54th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 334; Congressional
Record, p. 5511).
37. Conference reports are in order in the House under
Rule XXVIII, as follows:
The presentation of reports of committees of conference
shall always be in order except when the journal is being
read, while the roll is being called, or the House is
dividing on any proposition. And there shall accompany any
such report a detailed statement sufficiently explicit to
inform the House what effect such amendments or propositions
shall have upon the measures to which they relate.
Note.--Paragraph 4 of rule XXVIII of the Standing Rules
of the Senate requires a conference report to be accompanied
by an explanatory statement prepared jointly by the
conferees on the part of the House and the Senate.
38. A conference report may not be received by the House
if no statement accompanies it. (1404-1405.)
[[Page 229]]
39. Whether or not the detailed statement accompanying a
conference report is sufficient to comply with the rule
(XXVIII) is a question for the House, and not for the
Speaker, to determine. (1402-1403.)
40. A conference report may be presented after a motion
to adjourn has been made or when a Member is occupying the
floor for debate, but the report need not be disposed of
before the motion to adjourn is put. (1393-1395.)
41. A conference report is in order pending a demand for
the previous question.
[55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, p. 867.]
Note.--In the Senate the previous question is not in
use.
42. A conference report has been given precedence over a
question of privilege. (1397.)
43. A conference report may be presented during the time
set apart for a special order for the consideration of
another measure. (1400.)
44. A conference report may be presented after a vote by
tellers and pending the question on ordering the yeas and
nays. (1399.)
45. A conference report has precedence of the question
on the reference of a bill, even though the yeas and nays
have been ordered. (1398.)
46. The consideration of a conference report may be
interrupted by the arrival of the hour previously fixed for
a recess. (1396.)
47. The question on the adoption of a final conference
report has precedence of a motion to recede and concur in
amendments of the other House.
[55th Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, p. 2927.]
REJECTION OF CONFERENCE REPORTS, EFFECTS OF, ETC.
48. A bill and amendments having been once sent to
conference, do not, upon the rejection of the conference
report, return to their former state so that the amendments
may be sent to the Committee of the Whole. (1389.)
49. The rejection of a conference report leaves the
matter in the position it occupied before the conference was
asked. (1390.)
50. When a conference report is ruled out on a point of
order in the House it is equivalent to a negative vote on
the report, and the Senate is informed by message that the
House has ``disagreed'' to the report. (1417.)
[[Page 230]]
AMENDMENT OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
51. It is not in order to amend a conference report, and
it must be accepted or rejected as an entirety. (1366.)
[Jefferson's Manual, Sec. XLVI; 4th Cong., 1st sess., S.
Jour., p. 270.]
Note.--Various instances are found where conference
reports agreed to by both Houses were amended and corrected
by concurrent resolution or order. (43d Cong., 2d sess., S.
Jour., pp. 372, 373, H. Jour., p. 610; Congressional Record,
p. 1990; 44th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., pp. 581, 708, H.
Jour., pp. 1087, 1252; 48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p.
859.)
REFERENCE AND RECOMMITMENT OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
52. A conference report may not be referred to a
standing committee. (1413.)
53. A conference report may not be referred to the
Committee of the Whole, although in the earlier history of
the House this was sometimes done. (1410, 1411.)
54. It is not in order in the House to recommit a
conference report to the committee of conference. (1412.)
Note.--This rule is founded upon the decision of Speaker
Carlisle (49th Cong., 2d sess., Congressional Record, p.
880), which has been affirmed by subsequent Speakers, but
prior to that time many instances had occurred of
recommitting conference reports to the committee of
conference.
55. It is in order in the Senate to recommit a
conference report to the committee of conference, but not
with instructions, according to the later decisions.
[42d Cong., 3d sess., S. Jour., pp. 313, 554-557; 43d Cong.,
1st sess., S. Jour., p. 865; 44th Cong., 1st sess., S.
Jour., p. 211; 49th Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 151; 55th
Cong., 3d sess., Congressional Record, pp. 2823, 2842-3.]
Note.--Inasmuch as concurrent action is necessary for
the recommittal of a conference report, the foregoing rule
of the House has necessitated a change in the practice, and
no effort has been made by the Senate in late years to
recommit a conference report. The purpose of a recommittal
can be attained, however, by a rejection of the report, when
another conference would be ordered, and in accordance with
usage the same conferees would be appointed.
TABLING OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
56. The House has formally discarded the old practice of
allowing conference reports to be laid on the table. (1407-
1409.)
Note.--The effect of the motion to lay on the table in
the House defeats the proposition. It is never taken up
again. Hence a conference report can not be laid on the
table; otherwise a conference report might be put beyond the
reach of either House. (Reed's Parliamentary Rules, Chap.
VIII, sec. 115.)
[[Page 231]]
57. The Senate practice allows conference reports to be
laid on the table.
[43d Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 433; Congressional
Record, pp. 2205-2206.]
Note.--The effect of the motion to lay on the table in
the Senate, unlike that in the House, is simply to suspend
the consideration of a question during the pleasure of the
Senate, which can be again taken up on motion.
58. A motion to reconsider the vote on agreeing to a
conference report may be laid on the table in the Senate
without carrying the report.
[44th Cong., 1st sess., S. Jour., p. 234; Congressional
Record, pp. 1253, 1254; Senate Manual (1901), Rule XIII,
clause 1, p. 13.]
WITHDRAWAL OF CONFERENCE REPORTS
59. A conference report may be withdrawn in the Senate
on leave, and in the House by unanimous consent.
Note.--In the 32d Congress, a conference report having
been agreed to in the Senate, the vote was reconsidered, the
bill returned from the House on request of the Senate, and
the committee of conference had leave to withdraw its
report. (32d Cong., 2d sess., S. Jour., p. 420.)
FORM OF CONFERENCE REPORT
------ Congress, ------ Session. H.R. [or S., as may be]
No. ------
CONFERENCE REPORT
The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of
the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate [or House, as
may be] to the Bill [or Resolution, as may be] (H.R. [or S.,
as may be] ------), [title here] having met, after full and
free conference have agreed to recommend and do recommend to
their respective Houses as follows:
That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its
amendments numbered * * *.
That the House [or Senate, as may be] recede from its
disagreements to the amendments of the Senate [or House, as
may be] numbered * * * and agree to the same.
Amendment numbered ------:
That the House [or Senate, as may be] recede from its
disagreement to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as
may be] numbered ------, and agree to the same with an
amendment, as follows: * * *; and the Senate [or House, as
may be] agree to the same.
Amendment numbered ------:
[[Page 232]]
That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its
disagreement to the amendment of the House [or Senate, as
may be] to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as may be]
numbered ------, and agree to the same.
Amendment numbered ------:
That the Senate [or House, as may be] recede from its
disagreement to the amendment of the House [or Senate, as
may be] to the amendment of the Senate [or House, as may be]
numbered ------, and agree to the same, with an amendment,
as follows: * * *; and the House [or Senate, as may be]
agree to the same.
Amendments numbered ------:
On the amendments of the Senate [or House, as may be]
numbered ------, the committee of conference have been
unable to agree.
(Signatures here) (Signatures here)
-------- --------, -------- --------,
-------- --------, -------- --------,
-------- --------, -------- --------,
Managers on the Managers on the
part of the ------. part of the ------.
JOINT EXPLANATORY STATEMENT OF THE COMMITTEE OF CONFERENCE
\3\
The managers on the part of the House and the Senate at
the conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on
the amendment/amendments of the House/Senate to the bill/
joint resolution ( ) submit the following joint
statement to the House and the Senate in explanation of the
effect of the action agreed upon by the managers and
recommended in the accompanying conference report:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\3\This statement form replaces that formerly carried in
Cleaves' Manual. Rule XXVIII of the Standing Rules of the
Senate provides that ``an explanatory statement prepared
jointly by the conferees on the part of the House and the
conferees on the part of the Senate'' shall accompany each
conference report. See also House Rule XXII, clause 7(e).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
* * * * * * *
(Signatures here) (Signatures here)
-------- --------, -------- --------,
-------- --------, -------- --------,
-------- --------, -------- --------,
Managers on the Managers on the
part of the ------. part of the ------.
[[Page 233]]
[270]
------------------------------------------------------------
SELECT LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES ENACTED IN LAW APPLYING TO THE
UNITED STATES SENATE
[Data collected through 116th Congress, 1st Session]
Extracts from the United States Code
------------------------------------------------------------
SECTIONS INCLUDED
TITLE 2--THE CONGRESS
Chapter 2--Organization of the Congress
Senate
U.S. Code Manual
Section Section
30b. Notice of objecting to proceeding..... 275
Chapter 9D--Office of Senate Legal Counsel
288d. Enforcement of Senate Subpena or order 276
288j. Consideration of resolutions to direct
counsel........................... 277
Chapter 11--Citizens' Commission on Public Service and
Compensation
358. Recommendations of President with
respect to pay.................... 278
359. Effective date of recommendations of
President......................... 279
Chapter 17A--Congressional Budget and Fiscal Operations
622. Definitions........................... 280
631. Timetable............................. 281
632. Annual adoption of concurrent
resolution on the budget.......... 282
633. Committee allocations................. 283
634. Concurrent resolution on the budget
must be adopted before budget-
related legislation is considered. 284
635. Permissible revisions of concurrent
resolutions on the budget......... 285
636. Provisions relating to consideration
of concurrent resolutions on the
budget............................ 286
637. Legislation dealing with Congressional
budget must be handled by Budget
Committees........................ 287
639. Reports, summaries, and projections of
Congressional budget actions...... 288
641. Reconciliation........................ 289
642. Budget-related legislation must be
within appropriate levels......... 290
[[Page 234]]
643. Determinations and points of order.... 291
644. Extraneous matter in reconciliation
legislation....................... 292
645. Adjustments........................... 293
651. Budget-related legislation not subject
to appropriations................. 294
658. Definitions........................... 295
658a. Exclusions............................ 296
658b. Duties of Congressional committees.... 297
658c. Duties of Director, statements on
bills and joint resolutions other
than appropriations bills and
joint resolutions................. 298
658d. Legislation subject to point of order. 299
658f. Requests to Congressional Budget
Office from Senators.............. 300
658g. Clarification of application.......... 301
Chapter 17B--Impoundment Control
681. Disclaimer............................ 302
682. Definitions........................... 303
683. Rescission of budget authority........ 304
684. Proposed deferrals of budget authority 305
688. Procedure in House of Representatives
and Senate........................ 306
Chapter 20--Emergency Powers to Eliminate Budget Deficits
907a. Suspension in event of war or low
growth............................ 307
907b. Modification of Presidential order.... 308
907c. Flexibility among defense programs,
projects, and activities.......... 309
907d. Special reconciliation process........ 310
Chapter 20A--Statutory Pay-As-You-Go
931. Purpose............................... 311
932. Definitions and applications.......... 312
933. PAYGO estimates and PAYGO scorecards.. 313
938. Determinations and points of order.... 314
939. Limitation on changes to the Social
Security Act...................... 315
Chapter 24--Congressional Accountability Act of 1995
1383. Procedural rules...................... 316
1384. Substantive regulations............... 317
TITLE 3--THE PRESIDENT
Chapter 1--Presidential Elections and Vacancies
5. Determination of controversy as to
appointment of electors........... 318
6. Credentials of electors; transmission
to Archivist of the United States
and to Congress; public inspection 319
15. Counting electoral votes in Congress.. 320
16. Same; seats for officers and Members
of two Houses in joint meeting.... 321
[[Page 235]]
17. Same; limit of debate in each House... 322
18. Same; parliamentary procedure at joint
meeting........................... 323
TITLE 5--GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES
Chapter 8--Congressional Review of Agency Rulemaking
801. Congressional review.................. 324
802. Congressional disapproval procedure... 325
803. Special rule on statutory, regulatory,
and judicial deadlines............ 326
804. Definitions........................... 327
805. Judicial Review....................... 328
Chapter 9--Executive Reorganization
903. Reorganization plans.................. 329
906. Effective date and publication of
reorganization plans.............. 330
908. Rules of Senate and House of
Representatives on reorganization
plans............................. 331
909. Terms of resolution................... 332
910. Introduction and reference of
resolution........................ 333
911. Discharge of committee considering
resolution........................ 334
912. Procedure after report or discharge of
committee; debate; vote on final
passage........................... 335
TITLE 8--ALIENS AND NATIONALITY
Chapter 12--Immigration and Nationality
1254a. Temporary protected status............ 336
TITLE 10--ARMED FORCES
Chapter 159--Real Property; Related Personal Property; and
Lease of Non-Excess Property
2687
note. Defense Base Closure and Realignment
Commission........................ 337
TITLE 15--COMMERCE AND TRADE
Chapter 15C--Alaska Natural Gas Transportation
719f. Congressional review.................. 338
TITLE 16--CONSERVATION
Chapter 38--Fishery Conservation and Management
1823. Congressional oversight of
international fishery agreements.. 339
Chapter 51--Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation
3166. Agency, Presidential, and
Congressional actions............. 340
3232. Recommendations of President to
Congress.......................... 341
3233. Expedited Congressional review........ 342
TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Chapter 119--Wire and Electronic Communications Interception
and Interception of Oral Communications
2523. Executive agreements on access to data
by foreign governments............ 343
[[Page 236]]
TITLE 19--CUSTOMS DUTIES
Chapter 4--Tariff Act of 1930
1332
note. American manufacturing competitiveness 344
Chapter 7--Trade Expansion Program
1862. Safeguarding national security........ 345
Chapter 12--Trade Act of 1974
2191. Bills implementing trade agreements on
nontariff barriers and resolutions
approving commercial agreements
with Communist countries.......... 346
2192. Resolutions disapproving certain
actions........................... 347
2193. Resolutions relating to extension of
waiver authority under Sec. 402 of
the Trade Act of 1974............. 348
2194. Special rules relating to
Congressional procedures.......... 349
2253. Action by President after
determination of import injury.... 350
2432. Freedom of emigration in East-West
trade............................. 351
2437. Procedure for Congressional approval
or disapproval of extension of
nondiscriminatory treatment and
Presidential reports.............. 352
2492. Tariff treatment of products of
uncooperative major drug producing
or drug-transit countries......... 353
2495. Definitions........................... 354
TITLE 19--CUSTOMS DUTIES
Chapter 17--Negotiation and Implementation of Trade
Agreements
2903. Implementation of trade agreements.... 355
Chapter 22--Uruguay Round Trade Agreements
3535. Review of participation in WTO........ 356
Chapter 27--Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and
Accountability
4202. Trade agreements authority............ 357
4204. Notice, consultations, and reports.... 358
4205. Implementation of trade agreements.... 359
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
Chapter 7--International Bureaus, Congresses, Etc.
287e-2. Reimbursement for goods and services
provided by the United States to
the United Nations................ 360
Chapter 32--Foreign Assistance
2291
note. United States Senate Caucus on
International Narcotics Control... 361
2291j. Annual certification procedures....... 362
2304. Human rights and security assistance.. 363
2314. Furnishing of defense articles or
related training or other defense
service on grant basis............ 364
Chapter 39--Arms Export Control
2753. Eligibility for defense services or
defense articles.................. 365
[[Page 237]]
2755. Discrimination prohibited if based on
race, religion, national origin,
or sex............................ 366
2776. Reports and certifications to Congress
on military exports............... 367
2780. Transactions with countries supporting
acts of international terrorism... 368
2796a. Reports to Congress................... 369
2796b. Legislative review procedures......... 370
2799aa. Nuclear enrichment transfers.......... 371
2799aa-
1. Nuclear reprocessing transfers,
illegal exports for nuclear
explosive devices, transfers of
nuclear explosive devices, and
nuclear detonations............... 372
Chapter 47--Nuclear Non-Proliferation
3224a. Studies and agreements by Secretary of
Energy on multinational or
international basis concerning
spent fuel storage facilities and
transportation systems;
congressional consent;
authorization of appropriations;
limitations on use of funds;
exceptions; special nuclear
material for India................ 373
Chapter 66--Hong Kong Policy
5701
note. Hong Kong Autonomy Act................ 374
Chapter 69a--Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity
(LIBERTAD)
6064. Termination of economic embargo of
Cuba.............................. 375
Chapter 102--Countering Russian Influence in Europe and
Eurasia
9511. Congressional review of certain
actions relating to sanctions
imposed with respect to the
Russian Federation................ 376
TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
Chapter 95--Presidential Election Campaign Fund
9009. Reports to Congress; regulations...... 377
Chapter 96--Presidential Primary Matching Payment Account
9039. Reports to Congress; regulations...... 378
TITLE 29--LABOR
Chapter 18--Employee Retirement Income Security Program
1306. Premium rates......................... 379
1322a. Multiemployer plan benefits guaranteed 380
TITLE 31--MONEY AND FINANCE
Chapter 11--The Budget and Fiscal, Budget, and Program
Information
1105. Budget contents and submission to
Congress.......................... 381
1105
note. Procedures in the Senate.............. 382
[[Page 238]]
TITLE 38--VETERANS' BENEFITS
Chapter 17--Hospital, Nursing Home, Domiciliary, and Medical
Care
1703E. Center for Innovation for Care and
Payment........................... 383
Chapter 81--Acquisition and Operation of Hospital and
Domiciliary Facilities; Procurement and Supply; Enhanced-Use
Leases of Real Property
8122
note. VA asset and infrastructure review.... 384
TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
Chapter 23--Development and Control of Atomic Energy
2153. Cooperation with other nations........ 385
2153c. Renegotiation of agreements for
cooperation....................... 386
2155. Export licensing procedures........... 387
2157. Additional export criterion and
procedures........................ 388
2158. Conduct resulting in termination of
nuclear exports................... 389
2159. Congressional review procedures....... 390
2160. Subsequent arrangements............... 391
2160e. Congressional review and oversight of
agreements with Iran.............. 392
2210. Indemnification and limitation of
liability......................... 393
Chapter 77--Energy Conservation
6249c. Contracts for which implementing
legislation is needed............. 394
6272. International voluntary agreements.... 395
6421. Procedure for Congressional review of
Presidential requests to implement
certain authorities............... 396
6422. Expedited procedure for Congressional
consideration of certain
authorities....................... 397
Chapter 92--Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use
8374. Emergency Authorities................. 398
Chapter 108--Nuclear Waste Policy
10135. Review of repository site selection... 399
10155. Storage of spent nuclear fuel......... 400
10161. Monitored retrievable storage......... 401
10165. Site selection........................ 402
10166. Notice of disapproval................. 403
10222. Nuclear Waste Fund.................... 404
TITLE 43--PUBLIC LANDS
Chapter 29--Submerged Lands
1337. Leases, easements, and rights-of-way
on the outer Continental Shelf.... 405
Chapter 35--Federal Land Policy and Management
1712. Land use plans........................ 406
[[Page 239]]
1713. Sales of public land tracts........... 407
1714. Withdrawals of lands.................. 408
1722. Sale of public lands subject to
unintentional trespass............ 409
Chapter 38--Crude Oil Transportation Systems
2008. Procedures for waiver of Federal law.. 410
TITLE 48--TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS
Chapter 18--Micronesia, Marshall Islands, and Palau
1901. Approval of Compact of Free
Association....................... 411
1931. Approval of Compact of Free
Association....................... 412
TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
Chapter 449--Security
44901
note. Identification standards.............. 413
TITLE 50--WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
Chapter 33--War Powers Resolution
1543. Reporting requirement................. 414
1544. Congressional action.................. 415
1545. Congressional priority procedures for
joint resolution or bill.......... 416
1546. Congressional priority procedures for
concurrent resolution............. 417
1546a. Expedited procedures for certain joint
resolutions and bills............. 418
Chapter 34--National Emergencies
1621. Declaration of national emergency by
President; publication in Federal
Register; effect on other laws;
superseding legislation........... 419
1622. National emergencies.................. 420
Chapter 35--International Emergency Economic Powers
1701
note. Burmese freedom and democracy......... 421
1702. Presidential authorities.............. 422
1706. Savings provisions.................... 423
TITLE 51--NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS
Chapter 509--Commercial Space Launch Activities
50915. Paying claims exceeding liability
insurance and financial
responsibility requirements....... 424
TITLE 52--VOTING AND ELECTIONS
Chapter 301--Federal Election Campaigns
30111. Administrative provisions............. 425
[[Page 240]]
Miscellaneous
Sec. Sec. 303(a-d), 602(c), 604, 740,
District of Columbia Home Rule Act 426-430
Pub. L. 94-329, International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control
Act of 1976 (ISAAECA), title VI,
Sec. 601(b)....................... 431
[[Page 241]]
[275]
____________________________________________________________
UNITED STATES SENATE PROCEDURES ENACTED IN LAW
Extracts from the United States Code \1\
\1\ Since some provisions of the most recently enacted
statutes may receive slightly different editorial treatment
in the codification process, and since a few stylistic
changes have been made in this Manual to achieve more
convenient adaptation to Senate needs, some pro forma
deviations from the exact format of the United States Code
may be noted.
[Data collected through 116th Congress,
1st Session]
____________________________________________________________
2 u.s.c.--the congress
united states senate procedures enacted in law
TITLE 2--THE CONGRESS
Chapter 2--ORGANIZATION OF THE CONGRESS
275 Sec. 30b. Notice of objecting to proceeding
(a) In general
The Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate or their
designees shall recognize a notice of intent of a Senator
who is a member of their caucus to object to proceeding to a
measure or matter only if the Senator--
(1) following the objection to a unanimous
consent to proceeding to, and, or passage of, a
measure or matter on their behalf, submits the
notice of intent in writing to the appropriate
leader or their designee; and
(2) not later than 6 session days after the
submission under paragraph (1), submits for
inclusion in the Congressional Record and in the
applicable calendar section described in
subsection (b) the following notice:
``I, Senator_____, intend to object to proceedings
to_____, dated_____for the following reasons_____.''
(b) Calendar
(1) In general
The Secretary of the Senate shall establish
for both the Senate Calendar of Business and the
Senate Executive Calendar a separate section
entitled ``Notice of Intent to Object to
Proceeding''.
(2) Content
The section required by paragraph (1) shall
include--
(A) the name of each Senator filing a
notice under subsection (a)(2);
[[Page 242]]
(B) the measure or matter covered by the
calendar that the Senator objects to; and
(C) the date the objection was filed.
(3) Notice
A Senator who has notified their respective
leader and who has withdrawn their objection
within the 6 session day period is not required
to submit a notification under subsection
(a)(2).
(c) Removal
A Senator may have an item with respect to the Senator
removed from a calendar to which it was added under
subsection (b) by submitting for inclusion in the
Congressional Record the following notice:
``I, Senator_____, do not object to proceed to_____,
dated_____.'' (Pub. L. 110-81, Title V, Sec. 512, Sept. 14,
2007, 121 Stat. 759.)
Chapter 9D--OFFICE OF THE SENATE LEGAL COUNSEL
276 Sec. 288d. Enforcement of Senate subpena or order
(a) Institution of civil actions
When directed to do so pursuant to section 288b(b) of
this title, the Counsel shall bring a civil action under any
statute conferring jurisdiction on any court of the United
States (including section 1365 of title 28), to enforce, to
secure a declaratory judgment concerning the validity of, or
to prevent a threatened failure or refusal to comply with,
any subpena or order issued by the Senate or a committee or
a subcommittee of the Senate authorized to issue a subpena
or order.
(b) Actions in name of committees and subcommittees
Any directive to the Counsel to bring a civil action
pursuant to subsection (a) in the name of a committee or
subcommittee of the Senate shall, for such committee or
subcommittee, constitute authorization to bring such action
within the meaning of any statute conferring jurisdiction on
any court of the United States.
(c) Consideration of resolutions authorizing actions
It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider a
resolution to direct the Counsel to bring a civil action
pursuant to subsection (a) in the name of a committee or
subcommittee unless--
(1) such resolution is reported by a
majority of the members voting, a majority being
present, of such committee or committee of which
such subcommittee is a subcommittee, and
(2) the report filed by such committee or
committee of which such subcommittee is a
subcommittee contains a statement of--
(A) the procedure followed in issuing
such subpena;
(B) the extent to which the party
subpenaed has complied with such subpena;
(C) any objections or privileges raised
by the subpenaed party; and
(D) the comparative effectiveness of
bringing a civil action under this section,
certification of a criminal action for
contempt of Congress, and initiating a
contempt proceeding before the Senate.
[[Page 243]]
(d) Rules of Senate
The provisions of subsection (c) are enacted--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate, and, as such, they shall be
considered as part of the rules of the Senate,
and such rules shall supersede any other rule of
the Senate only to the extent that rule is
inconsistent therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change
such rules (so far as relating to the procedure
in the Senate) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of the Senate. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title
VII, Sec. 705, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1878;
Pub. L. 99-336, Sec. 6(a)(2), June 19, 1986, 100
Stat. 639.)
* * * * * * *
277 Sec. 288j. Consideration of resolutions to direct counsel
(a) Procedure; rules
(1) A resolution introduced pursuant to section 288b of
this title shall not be referred to a committee, except as
otherwise required under section 288d(c) of this title. Upon
introduction, or upon being reported if required under
section 288d(c) of this title, whichever is later, it shall
at any time thereafter be in order (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to
proceed to the consideration of such resolution. A motion to
proceed to the consideration of a resolution shall be highly
privileged and not debatable. An amendment to such motion
shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move
to reconsider the vote by which such motion is agreed to.
(2) With respect to a resolution pursuant to section
288b(a) of this title, the following rules apply:
(A) If the motion to proceed to the
consideration of the resolution is agreed to,
debate thereon shall be limited to not more than
ten hours, which shall be divided equally
between, and controlled by, those favoring and
those opposing the resolution. A motion further
to limit debate shall not be debatable. No
amendment to the resolution shall be in order.
No motion to recommit the resolution shall be in
order, and it shall not be in order to
reconsider the vote by which the resolution is
agreed to.
(B) Motions to postpone, made with respect
to the consideration of the resolution, and
motions to proceed to the consideration of other
business, shall be decided without debate.
(C) All appeals from the decisions of the
Chair relating to the application of the rules
of the Senate to the procedure relating to the
resolution shall be decided without debate.
(b) ``Committee'' defined
For purposes of this chapter, other than section 288b of
this title, the term ``committee'' includes standing,
select, and special committees of the Senate established by
law or resolution.
(c) Rules of the Senate
The provisions of this section are enacted--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate, and, as such, they shall be
considered as part of the rules of the Senate,
[[Page 244]]
and such rules shall supersede any other rule of
the Senate only to the extent that rule is
inconsistent therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change
such rules at any time, in the same manner, and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate. (Pub. L. 95-521, Title VII,
Sec. 711, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1882.)
Chapter 11--CITIZENS' COMMISSION ON PUBLIC SERVICE AND
COMPENSATION
278 Sec. 358. Recommendations of President with respect to pay
(1) After considering the report and recommendations of
the Commission submitted under section 357 of this title,
the President shall transmit to Congress his recommendations
with respect to the exact rates of pay, for offices and
positions within the purview of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C),
and (D) of section 356 of this title, which the President
considers to be fair and reasonable in light of the
Commission's report and recommendations, the prevailing
market value of the services rendered in the offices and
positions involved, the overall economic condition of the
country, and the fiscal condition of the Federal Government.
(2) The President shall transmit his recommendations
under this section to Congress on the first Monday after
January 3 of the first calendar year beginning after the
date on which the Commission submits its report and
recommendations to the President under section 357 of this
title. (Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(h), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
644; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(d), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat.
1322; Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(f), Nov. 30,
1989, 103 Stat. 1765.)
279 Sec. 359. Effective date of recommendations of President
(1) None of the President's recommendations under
section 358 of this title shall take effect unless approved
under paragraph (2).
(2)(A) The recommendations of the President under
section 358 of this title shall be considered approved under
this paragraph if there is enacted into law a bill or joint
resolution approving such recommendations in their entirety.
This bill or joint resolution shall be passed by recorded
vote to reflect the vote of each Member of Congress thereon.
(B)(i) The provisions of this subparagraph are enacted
by the Congress--
(I) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives
and as such shall be considered as part of the
rules of each House, and shall supersede other
rules only to the extent that they are
inconsistent therewith; and
(II) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as they relate to the
procedures of that House) at any time, in the
same manner, and to the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of that House.
(ii) During the 60-calendar-day period beginning on the
date that the President transmits his recommendations to the
Congress under section 358 of this title, it shall be in
order as a matter of highest privilege in each House of
Congress to consider a bill or joint resolution, if offered
by the majority leader of such House (or a designee),
approving such recommendations in their entirety.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), any recommended
pay adjustment approved under paragraph (2) shall take
effect as of the date
[[Page 245]]
proposed by the President under section 358 of this title
with respect to such adjustment.
(4)(A) Notwithstanding the approval of the President's
pay recommendations in accordance with paragraph (2), none
of those recommendations shall take effect unless, between
the date on which the bill or resolution approving those
recommendations is signed by the President (or otherwise
becomes law) and the earliest date as of which the President
proposes (under section 358 of this title) that any of those
recommendations take effect, an election of Representatives
shall have intervened.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``election
of Representatives'' means an election held on the Tuesday
following the first Monday of November in any even-numbered
calendar year. (Pub. L. 90-206, Sec. 225(i), Dec. 16, 1967,
81 Stat. 644; Pub. L. 95-19, Sec. 401(a), Apr. 12, 1977, 91
Stat. 45; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(e), Dec. 19, 1985, 99
Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 101-194, Title VII, Sec. 701(g), Nov.
30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1765.)
280 Sec. 622. Definitions
For purposes of this Act--
(1) The terms ``budget outlays'' and
``outlays'' mean, with respect to any fiscal
year, expenditures and net lending of funds
under budget authority during such year.
(2) Budget authority and new budget
authority.--
(A) In general.--The term ``budget
authority'' means the authority provided by
Federal law to incur financial obligations,
as follows:
(i) provisions of law that make
funds available for obligation and
expenditure (other than borrowing
authority), including the authority
to obligate and expend the proceeds
of offsetting receipts and
collections;
(ii) borrowing authority, which
means authority granted to a Federal
entity to borrow and obligate and
expend the borrowed funds, including
through the issuance of promissory
notes or other monetary credits;
(iii) contract authority, which
means the making of funds available
for obligation but not for
expenditure; and
(iv) offsetting receipts and
collections as negative budget
authority, and the reduction thereof
as positive budget authority.
(B) Limitations on budget authority.--
With respect to the Federal Hospital
Insurance Trust Fund, the Supplementary
Medical Insurance Trust Fund, the
Unemployment Trust Fund, and the railroad
retirement account, any amount that is
precluded from obligation in a fiscal year
by a provision of law (such as a limitation
or a benefit formula) shall not be budget
authority in that year.
(C) New budget authority.--The term
``new budget authority'' means, with respect
to a fiscal year--
(i) budget authority that first
becomes available for obligation in
that year, including budget
authority that becomes available in
that year as a result of a
reappropriation; or
(ii) a change in any account in
the availability of unobligated
balances of budget authority carried
over from a prior
[[Page 246]]
year, resulting from a provision of
law first effective in that year;
and includes a change in the
estimated level of new budget
authority provided in indefinite
amounts by existing law.
(3) The term ``tax expenditures'' means
those revenue losses attributable to provisions
of the Federal tax laws which allow a special
exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross
income or which provide a special credit, a
preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax
liability; and the term ``tax expenditures
budget'' means an enumeration of such tax
expenditures.
(4) The term ``concurrent resolution on the
budget'' means--
(A) a concurrent resolution setting
forth the congressional budget for the
United States Government for a fiscal year
as provided in section 632 of this title;
and
(B) any other concurrent resolution
revising the congressional budget for the
United States Government for a fiscal year
as described in section 635 of this title.
(5) The term ``appropriation act'' means an
Act referred to in section 105 of title 1.
(6) The term ``deficit'' means, with respect
to a fiscal year, the amount by which outlays
exceeds receipts during that year.
(7) The term ``surplus'' means, with respect
to a fiscal year, the amount by which receipts
exceeds outlays during that year.
(8) The term ``government-sponsored
enterprise'' means a corporate entity created by
a law of the United States that--
(A)(i) has a Federal charter authorized
by law;
(ii) is privately owned, as evidenced by
capital stock owned by private entities or
individuals;
(iii) is under the direction of a board
of directors, a majority of which is elected
by private owners;
(iv) is a financial institution with
power to--
(I) make loans or loan
guarantees for limited purposes such
as to provide credit for specific
borrowers or one sector; and
(II) raise funds by borrowing
(which does not carry the full faith
and credit of the Federal
Government) or to guarantee the debt
of others in unlimited amounts; and
(B)(i) does not exercise powers that are
reserved to the Government as sovereign
(such as the power to tax or to regulate
interstate commerce);
(ii) does not have the power to commit
the Government financially (but it may be a
recipient of a loan guarantee commitment
made by the Government); and
(iii) has employees whose salaries and
expenses are paid by the enterprise and are
not Federal employees subject to title 5.
(9) The term ``entitlement authority''
means--
(A) the authority to make payments
(including loans and grants), the budget
authority for which is not provided for in
advance by appropriation Acts, to any person
or government if, under the provisions of
the law containing that authority, the
United States is obligated to make such
payments to persons
[[Page 247]]
or governments who meet the requirements
established by that law; and
(B) the food stamp program.
(10) The term ``credit authority'' means
authority to incur direct loan obligations or to
incur primary loan guarantee commitments.
(11) The terms ``emergency'' and
``unanticipated'' have the meanings given to
such terms in section 900(c) of this title.
(Pub. L. 93-344, Sec. 3, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat.
299; Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I,
Sec. 302(c), as added Pub. L. 95-110, Sec. 1,
Sept. 20, 1977, 91 Stat. 884, renumbered Title
I, Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8),
Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; Pub. L. 99-177,
Title II, Sec. Sec. 201(a), 232(b), Dec. 12,
1985, 99 Stat. 1039, 1062; Pub. L. 99-514,
Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L.
100-119, Title I, Sec. 106(a), Sept. 29, 1987,
101 Stat. 780; Pub. L. 100-203, Title VIII,
Sec. 8003(c), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282;
Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(2), 13201(b)(1), 13211(a),
Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-607, 1388-614,
1388-620; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10101,
Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 678; Pub. L. 112-25,
Title I, Sec. 105(b), Aug. 2, 2011, 125 Stat.
247.)
Chapter 17A--CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET AND FISCAL OPERATIONS
281 Sec. 631. Timetable
The timetable with respect to the congressional budget
process for any fiscal year is as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
On or before: Action to be completed:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
First Monday in February............. President submits his budget.
February 15.......................... Congressional Budget Office
submits report to Budget
Committees.
Not later than 6 weeks after Committees submit views and
President submits budget. estimates to Budget Committees.
April 1.............................. Senate Budget Committee reports
concurrent resolution on the
budget.
April 15............................. Congress completes action on
concurrent resolution on the
budget.
May 15............................... Annual appropriation bills may be
considered in the House.
June 10.............................. House Appropriations Committee
reports last annual
appropriation bill.
June 15.............................. Congress completes action on
reconciliation legislation.
June 30.............................. House completes action on annual
appropriation bills.
October 1............................ Fiscal year begins.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 300, July 12, 1974, 88
Stat. 306; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12,
1985, 99 Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
13112(a)(4), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608; Pub. L. 105-
33, Title X, Sec. 10104(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 679.)
282 Sec. 632. Annual adoption of concurrent resolution on the
budget
(a) Content of concurrent resolution on the budget
On or before April 15 of each year, the Congress shall
complete action on a concurrent resolution on the budget for
the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year. The
concurrent resolution shall set forth appropriate levels for
the fiscal year beginning on October 1 of such year and for
at least each of the 4 ensuing fiscal years for the
following--
[[Page 248]]
(1) totals of new budget authority and
outlays;
(2) total Federal revenues and the amount,
if any, by which the aggregate level of Federal
revenues should be increased or decreased by
bills and resolutions to be reported by the
appropriate committees;
(3) the surplus or deficit in the budget;
(4) new budget authority and outlays for
each major functional category, based on
allocations of the total levels set forth
pursuant to paragraph (1);
(5) the public debt;
(6) For \2\ purposes of Senate enforcement
under this subchapter, outlays of the old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance program
established under title II of the Social
Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] for the
fiscal year of the resolution and for each of
the 4 succeeding fiscal years; and
\2\ So in original. Probably should be for.
(7) For \3\ purposes of Senate enforcement
under this subchapter, revenues of the old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance program
established under title II of the Social
Security Act (and the related provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et
seq.]) for the fiscal year of the resolution and
for each of the 4 succeeding fiscal years.
\3\ So in original. Probably should be for.
The concurrent resolution shall not include the outlays and
revenue totals of the old-age, survivors, and disability
insurance program established under title II of the Social
Security Act or the related provisions of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986 in the surplus or deficit totals
required by this subsection or in any other surplus or
deficit totals required by this subchapter.
(b) Additional matters in concurrent resolution
The concurrent resolution on the budget may--
(1) set forth, if required by subsection
(f), the calendar year in which, in the opinion
of the Congress, the goals for reducing
unemployment set forth in section 4(b) of the
Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022a(b)]
should be achieved;
(2) include reconciliation directives
described in section 641 of this title;
(3) require a procedure under which all or
certain bills or resolutions providing new
budget authority or new entitlement authority
for such fiscal year shall not be enrolled until
the Congress has completed action on any
reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution
or both required by such concurrent resolution
to be reported in accordance with section 641(b)
of this title;
(4) set forth such other matters, and
require such other procedures, relating to the
budget, as may be appropriate to carry out the
purposes of this Act;
(5) include a heading entitled ``Debt
Increase as Measure of Deficit'' in which the
concurrent resolution shall set forth the
amounts by which the debt subject to limit (in
section 3101 of title 31) has increased or would
increase in each of the relevant fiscal years;
[[Page 249]]
(6) include a heading entitled ``Display of
Federal Retirement Trust Fund Balances'' in
which the concurrent resolution shall set forth
the balances of the Federal retirement trust
funds;
(7) set forth procedures in the Senate
whereby committee allocations, aggregates, and
other levels can be revised for legislation if
that legislation would not increase the deficit,
or would not increase the deficit when taken
with other legislation enacted after the
adoption of the resolution, for the first fiscal
year or the total period of fiscal years covered
by the resolution;
(8) set forth procedures to effectuate pay-
as-you-go in the House of Representatives; and
(9) set forth direct loan obligation and
primary loan guarantee commitment levels.
(c) Consideration of procedures or matters which have effect
of changing any rule of House
If the Committee on the Budget of the House of
Representatives reports any concurrent resolution on the
budget which includes any procedure or matter which has the
effect of changing any rule of the House of Representatives,
such concurrent resolution shall then be referred to the
Committee on Rules with instructions to report it within
five calendar days (not counting any day on which the House
is not in session). The Committee on Rules shall have
jurisdiction to report any concurrent resolution referred to
it under this paragraph with an amendment or amendments
changing or striking out any such procedure or matter.
(d) Views and estimates of other committees
Within 6 weeks after the President submits a budget
under section 1105(a) of title 31, or at such time as may be
requested by the Committee on the Budget, each committee of
the House of Representatives having legislative jurisdiction
shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the House and
each committee of the Senate having legislative jurisdiction
shall submit to the Committee on the Budget of the Senate
its views and estimates (as determined by the committee
making such submission) with respect to all matters set
forth in subsections (a) and (b) which relate to matters
within the jurisdiction or functions of such committee. The
Joint Economic Committee shall submit to the Committees on
the Budget of both Houses its recommendations as to the
fiscal policy appropriate to the goals of the Employment Act
of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1021 et seq.]. Any other committee of the
House of Representatives or the Senate may submit to the
Committee on the Budget of its House, and any joint
committee of the Congress may submit to the Committees on
the Budget of both Houses, its views and estimates with
respect to all matters set forth in subsections (a) and (b)
which relate to matters within its jurisdiction or
functions. Any Committee 1 of the House of Representatives
or the Senate that anticipates that the committee will
consider any proposed legislation establishing, amending, or
reauthorizing any Federal program likely to have a
significant budgetary impact on any State, local, or tribal
government, or likely to have a significant financial impact
on the private sector, including any legislative proposal
submitted by the executive branch likely to have such a
budgetary or financial impact, shall include its views and
estimates on that proposal to the Committee on the Budget of
the applicable House.
[[Page 250]]
(e) Hearings and report
(1) In general
In developing the concurrent resolution on
the budget referred to in subsection (a) for
each fiscal year, the Committee on the Budget of
each House shall hold hearings and shall receive
testimony from Members of Congress and such
appropriate representatives of Federal
departments and agencies, the general public,
and national organizations as the committee
deems desirable. Each of the recommendations as
to short-term and medium-term goals set forth in
the report submitted by the members of the Joint
Economic Committee under subsection (d) may be
considered by the Committee on the Budget of
each House as part of its consideration of such
concurrent resolution, and its report may
reflect its views thereon, including its views
on how the estimates of revenues and levels of
budget authority and outlays set forth in such
concurrent resolution are designed to achieve
any goals it is recommending.
(2) Required contents of report
The report accompanying the resolution shall
include--
(A) a comparison of the levels of total
new budget authority, total outlays, total
revenues, and the surplus or deficit for
each fiscal year set forth in the resolution
with those requested in the budget submitted
by the President;
(B) with respect to each major
functional category, an estimate of total
new budget authority and total outlays, with
the estimates divided between discretionary
and mandatory amounts;
(C) the economic assumptions that
underlie each of the matters set forth in
the resolution and any alternative economic
assumptions and objectives the committee
considered;
(D) information, data, and comparisons
indicating the manner in which, and the
basis on which, the committee determined
each of the matters set forth in the
resolution;
(E) the estimated levels of tax
expenditures (the tax expenditures budget)
by major items and functional categories for
the President's budget and in the
resolution; and
(F) allocations described in section
633(a) of this title.
(3) Additional contents of report
The report accompanying the resolution may
include--
(A) a statement of any significant
changes in the proposed levels of Federal
assistance to State and local governments;
(B) an allocation of the level of
Federal revenues recommended in the
resolution among the major sources of such
revenues;
(C) information, data, and comparisons
on the share of total Federal budget outlays
and of gross domestic product devoted to
investment in the budget submitted by the
President and in the resolution;
(D) the assumed levels of budget
authority and outlays for public buildings,
with a division between amounts for
construction and repair and for rental
payments; and
(E) other matters, relating to the
budget and to fiscal policy, that the
committee deems appropriate.
[[Page 251]]
(f) Achievement of goals for reducing unemployment
(1) If, pursuant to section 4(c) of the Employment Act
of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022a(c)], the President recommends in
the Economic Report that the goals for reducing unemployment
set forth in section 4(b) of such Act [15 U.S.C. 1022a(b)]
be achieved in a year after the close of the five-year
period prescribed by such subsection, the concurrent
resolution on the budget for the fiscal year beginning after
the date on which such Economic Report is received by the
Congress may set forth the year in which, in the opinion of
the Congress, such goals can be achieved.
(2) After the Congress has expressed its opinion
pursuant to paragraph (1) as to the year in which the goals
for reducing unemployment set forth in section 4(b) of the
Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022a(b)] can be achieved,
if, pursuant to section 4(e) of such Act [15 U.S.C.
1022a(e)], the President recommends in the Economic Report
that such goals be achieved in a year which is different
from the year in which the Congress has expressed its
opinion that such goals should be achieved, either in its
action pursuant to paragraph (1) or in its most recent
action pursuant to this paragraph, the concurrent resolution
on the budget for the fiscal year beginning after the date
on which such Economic Report is received by the Congress
may set forth the year in which, in the opinion of the
Congress, such goals can be achieved.
(3) It shall be in order to amend the provision of such
resolution setting forth such year only if the amendment
thereto also proposes to alter the estimates, amounts, and
levels (as described in subsection (a)) set forth in such
resolution in germane fashion in order to be consistent with
the economic goals (as described in sections 3(a)(2) and
4(b) of the Employment Act of 1946 [15 U.S.C. 1022(a)(2),
1022a(b)]) which such amendment proposes can be achieved by
the year specified in such amendment.
(g) Economic assumptions
(1) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider
any concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year,
or any amendment thereto, or any conference report thereon,
that sets forth amounts and levels that are determined on
the basis of more than one set of economic and technical
assumptions.
(2) The joint explanatory statement accompanying a
conference report on a concurrent resolution on the budget
shall set forth the common economic assumptions upon which
such joint statement and conference report are based, or
upon which any amendment contained in the joint explanatory
statement to be proposed by the conferees in the case of
technical disagreement, is based.
(3) Subject to periodic reestimation based on changed
economic conditions or technical estimates, determinations
under titles III and IV of the Congressional Budget Act of
1974 [2 U.S.C. 631 et seq., 651 et seq.] shall be based upon
such common economic and technical assumptions.
(h) Budget Committee's consultation with committees
The Committee on the Budget of the House of
Representatives shall consult with the committees of its
House having legislative jurisdiction during the
preparation, consideration, and enforcement of the
concurrent
[[Page 252]]
resolution on the budget with respect to all matters which
relate to the jurisdiction or functions of such committees.
(i) Social security point of order
It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider any
concurrent resolution on the budget (or amendment, motion,
or conference report on the resolution) that would decrease
the excess of social security revenues over social security
outlays in any of the fiscal years covered by the concurrent
resolution. No change in chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.] shall be treated as
affecting the amount of social security revenues unless such
provision changes the income tax treatment of social
security benefits. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 301,
July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 306; Pub. L. 95-523, Title III,
Sec. Sec. 303(a), 304, Oct. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 1905, 1906;
Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99
Stat. 1040; Pub. L. 100-119, Title I, Sec. 106(d), Title II,
Sec. 208(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 781, 786; Pub. L.
100-418, Title V, Sec. 5302, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1462;
Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13112(a)(5), 13203, 13204,
13301(b), 13303(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608,
1388-615, 1388-616, 1388-623, 1388-625; Pub. L. 104-4, Title
I, Sec. 102(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 105-33,
Title X, Sec. 10105(a)-(f)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 679,
680; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, title I, Sec. 122(1), (2), Dec.
26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1175.)
283 Sec. 633. Committee allocations
(a) Committee spending allocations
(1) Allocation among committees
The joint explanatory statement accompanying
a conference report on a concurrent resolution
on the budget shall include an allocation,
consistent with the resolution recommended in
the conference report, of the levels for the
first fiscal year of the resolution, for at
least each of the ensuing 4 fiscal years, and a
total for that period of fiscal years (except in
the case of the Committee on Appropriations only
for the fiscal year of that resolution) of--
(A) total new budget authority; and
(B) total outlays;
among each committee of the House of Representatives
or the Senate that has jurisdiction over legislation
providing or creating such amounts.
(2) No double counting
In the House of Representatives, any item
allocated to one committee may not be allocated
to another committee.
(3) Further division of amounts
(A) In the Senate
In the Senate, the amount allocated to
the Committee on Appropriations shall be
further divided among the categories
specified in section 900(c)(4) of this title
and shall not exceed the limits for each
category set forth in section 901(c) of this
title.
(B) In the House
In the House of Representatives, the
amounts allocated to each committee for each
fiscal year, other than the Committee on
Appropriations, shall be further divided
between amounts provided or required by law
on the date of filing of that conference
report and amounts not so provided or
required. The
[[Page 253]]
amounts allocated to the Committee on
Appropriations shall be further divided--
(i) between discretionary and
mandatory amounts or programs, as
appropriate; and
(ii) consistent with the
categories specified in section
900(c)(4) of this title.
(4) Amounts not allocated
In the House of Representatives or the
Senate, if a committee receives no allocation of
new budget authority or outlays, that committee
shall be deemed to have received an allocation
equal to zero for new budget authority or
outlays.
(5) Adjusting allocation of discretionary spending in
the House of Representatives
(A) If a concurrent resolution on the budget
is not adopted by April 15, the chairman of the
Committee on the Budget of the House of
Representatives shall submit to the House, as
soon as practicable, an allocation under
paragraph (1) to the Committee on Appropriations
consistent with the discretionary spending
levels in the most recently agreed to concurrent
resolution on the budget for the appropriate
fiscal year covered by that resolution.
(B) As soon as practicable after an
allocation under paragraph (1) is submitted
under this section, the Committee on
Appropriations shall make suballocations and
report those suballocations to the House of
Representatives.
(b) Suballocations by Appropriations Committees
As soon as practicable after a concurrent resolution on
the budget is agreed to, the Committee on Appropriations of
each House (after consulting with the Committee on
Appropriations of the other House) shall suballocate each
amount allocated to it for the budget year under subsection
(a) among its subcommittees. Each Committee on
Appropriations shall promptly report to its House
suballocations made or revised under this subsection. The
Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives
shall further divide among its subcommittees the divisions
made under subsection (a)(3)(B) and promptly report those
divisions to the House.
(c) Point of order
After the Committee on Appropriations has received an
allocation pursuant to subsection (a) for a fiscal year, it
shall not be in order in the House of Representatives or the
Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution, amendment,
motion, or conference report within the jurisdiction of that
committee providing new budget authority for that fiscal
year, until that committee makes the suballocations required
by subsection (b).
(d) Subsequent concurrent resolutions
In the case of a concurrent resolution on the budget
referred to in section 635 of this title, the allocations
under subsection (a) and the subdivisions under subsection
(b) shall be required only to the extent necessary to take
into account revisions made in the most recently agreed to
concurrent resolution on the budget.
[[Page 254]]
(e) Alteration of allocations
At any time after a committee reports the allocations
required to be made under subsection (b), such committee may
report to its House an alteration of such allocations. Any
alteration of such allocations must be consistent with any
actions already taken by its House on legislation within the
committee's jurisdiction.
(f) Legislation subject to point of order
(1) In the House of Representatives
After the Congress has completed action on a
concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal
year, it shall not be in order in the House of
Representatives to consider any bill, joint
resolution, or amendment providing new budget
authority for any fiscal year, or any conference
report on any such bill or joint resolution,
if--
(A) the enactment of such bill or
resolution as reported;
(B) the adoption and enactment of such
amendment; or
(C) the enactment of such bill or
resolution in the form recommended in such
conference report,
would cause the applicable allocation of new budget
authority made under subsection (a) or (b) for the
first fiscal year or the total of fiscal years to be
exceeded.
(2) In the Senate
After a concurrent resolution on the budget
is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the
Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report that
would cause--
(A) in the case of any committee except
the Committee on Appropriations, the
applicable allocation of new budget
authority or outlays under subsection (a)
for the first fiscal year or the total of
fiscal years to be exceeded; or
(B) in the case of the Committee on
Appropriations, the applicable suballocation
of new budget authority or outlays under
subsection (b) to be exceeded.
(g) Pay-as-you-go exception in the House
(1) In general
(A) Subsection (f)(1) and, after April 15,
section 634(a) of this title shall not apply to
any bill or joint resolution, as reported,
amendment thereto, or conference report thereon
if, for each fiscal year covered by the most
recently agreed to concurrent resolution on the
budget--
(i) the enactment of that bill or
resolution as reported;
(ii) the adoption and enactment of that
amendment; or
(iii) the enactment of that bill or
resolution in the form recommended in that
conference report,
would not increase the deficit, and, if the sum of
any revenue increases provided in legislation
already enacted during the current session (when
added to revenue increases, if any, in excess of any
outlay increase provided by the legislation proposed
for consideration) is at least as great as the sum
of the amount, if any, by which the aggregate level
of Federal revenues should be increased as set forth
in that concurrent resolution and the amount, if
any, by which revenues are to be increased pursuant
to pay-as-you-go procedures under section 632(b)(8)
of this title, if included in that concurrent
resolution.
[[Page 255]]
(B) Section 642(a) of this title, as that
section applies to revenues, shall not apply to
any bill, joint resolution, amendment thereto,
or conference report thereon if, for each fiscal
year covered by the most recently agreed to
concurrent resolution on the budget--
(i) the enactment of that bill or
resolution as reported;
(ii) the adoption and enactment of that
amendment; or
(iii) the enactment of that bill or
resolution in the form recommended in that
conference report,
would not increase the deficit, and, if the sum of
any outlay reductions provided in legislation
already enacted during the current session (when
added to outlay reductions, if any, in excess of any
revenue reduction provided by the legislation
proposed for consideration) is at least as great as
the sum of the amount, if any, by which the
aggregate level of Federal outlays should be reduced
as required by that concurrent resolution and the
amount, if any, by which outlays are to be reduced
pursuant to pay-as-you-go procedures under section
632(b)(8) of this title, if included in that
concurrent resolution.
(2) Revised allocations
(A) As soon as practicable after Congress
agrees to a bill or joint resolution that would
have been subject to a point of order under
subsection (f)(1) but for the exception provided
in paragraph (1)(A) or would have been subject
to a point of order under section 642(a) of this
title but for the exception provided in
paragraph (1)(B), the chairman of the Committee
on the Budget of the House of Representatives
shall file with the House appropriately revised
allocations under subsection (a) and revised
functional levels and budget aggregates to
reflect that bill.
(B) Such revised allocations, functional
levels, and budget aggregates shall be
considered for the purposes of this Act as
allocations, functional levels, and budget
aggregates contained in the most recently agreed
to concurrent resolution on the budget. (Pub. L.
93-344, Title III, Sec. 302, July 12, 1974, 88
Stat. 308; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II,
Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1044; Pub.
L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(6),
(7), 13201(b)(2), (3), 13207(a)(1)(A), (B), (2),
13303(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608,
1388-614, 1388-617, 1388-618, 1388-625; Pub. L.
105-33, Title X, Sec. 10106, Aug. 5, 1997, 111
Stat. 680; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, title I,
Sec. 122(3), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1175.)
284 Sec. 634. Concurrent resolution on the budget must be
adopted before budget-related legislation is considered
(a) In general
Until the concurrent resolution on the budget for a
fiscal year has been agreed to, it shall not be in order in
the House of Representatives, with respect to the first
fiscal year covered by that resolution, or the Senate, with
respect to any fiscal year covered by that resolution, to
consider any bill or joint resolution, amendment or motion
thereto, or conference report thereon that--
(1) first provides new budget authority for
that fiscal year;
(2) first provides an increase or decrease
in revenues during that fiscal year;
[[Page 256]]
(3) provides an increase or decrease in the
public debt limit to become effective during
that fiscal year;
(4) in the Senate only, first provides new
entitlement authority for that fiscal year; or
(5) in the Senate only, first provides for
an increase or decrease in outlays for that
fiscal year.
(b) Exceptions in House
In the House of Representatives, subsection (a) does not
apply--
(1)(A) to any bill or joint resolution, as
reported, providing advance discretionary new
budget authority that first becomes available
for the first or second fiscal year after the
budget year; or
(B) to any bill or joint resolution, as
reported, first increasing or decreasing
revenues in a fiscal year following the fiscal
year to which the concurrent resolution applies;
(2) after May 15, to any general
appropriation bill or amendment thereto; or
(3) to any bill or joint resolution unless
it is reported by a committee.
(c) Application to appropriation measures in Senate
(1) In general
Until the concurrent resolution on the
budget for a fiscal year has been agreed to and
an allocation has been made to the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate under section
633(a) of this title for that year, it shall not
be in order in the Senate to consider any
appropriation bill or joint resolution,
amendment or motion thereto, or conference
report thereon for that year or any subsequent
year.
(2) Exception
Paragraph (1) does not apply to
appropriations legislation making advance
appropriations for the first or second fiscal
year after the year the allocation referred to
in that paragraph is made. (Pub. L. 93-344,
Title III, Sec. 303, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat.
309; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b), Dec.
12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1046; Pub. L. 101-508, Title
XIII, Sec. Sec. 13205, 13207(a)(1)(C), Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1388-616, 1388-617; Pub. L. 105-
33, Title X, Sec. 10107(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111
Stat. 683.)
285 Sec. 635. Permissible revisions of concurrent resolutions on
the budget
At any time after the concurrent resolution on the
budget for a fiscal year has been agreed to pursuant to
section 632 of this title, and before the end of such fiscal
year, the two Houses may adopt a concurrent resolution on
the budget which revises or reaffirms the concurrent
resolution on the budget for such fiscal year most recently
agreed to. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 304, July 12,
1974, 88 Stat. 310; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b),
Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1047; Pub. L. 100-119, Title II,
Sec. 208(b), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 786; Pub. L. 101-508,
Title XIII, Sec. 13112(a)(8), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
608; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10108, Aug. 5, 1997, 111
Stat. 684.)
[[Page 257]]
286 Sec. 636. Provisions relating to consideration of concurrent
resolutions on the budget
(a) Procedure in House after report of Committee; debate
(1) When a concurrent resolution on the budget has been
reported by the Committee on the Budget of the House of
Representatives and has been referred to the appropriate
calendar of the House, it shall be in order on any day
thereafter, subject to clause 4 of rule XIII of the Rules of
the House of Representatives, to move to proceed to the
consideration of the concurrent resolution. The motion is
highly privileged and is not debatable. An amendment to the
motion is not in order and it is not in order to move to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(2) General debate on any concurrent resolution on the
budget in the House of Representatives shall be limited to
not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally
between the majority and minority parties, plus such
additional hours of debate as are consumed pursuant to
paragraph (3). A motion further to limit debate is not
debatable. A motion to recommit the concurrent resolution is
not in order, and it is not in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the concurrent resolution is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(3) Following the presentation of opening statements on
the concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year by
the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on
the Budget of the House, there shall be a period of up to
four hours for debate on economic goals and policies.
(4) Only if a concurrent resolution on the budget
reported by the Committee on the Budget of the House sets
forth the economic goals (as described in sections
1022(a)(2) and 1022a(b) of title 15) which the estimates,
amounts, and levels (as described in section 632(a) of this
title) set forth in such resolution are designed to achieve,
shall it be in order to offer to such resolution an
amendment relating to such goals, and such amendment shall
be in order only if it also proposes to alter such
estimates, amounts, and levels in germane fashion in order
to be consistent with the goals proposed in such amendment.
(5) Consideration of any concurrent resolution on the
budget by the House of Representatives shall be in the
Committee of the Whole, and the resolution shall be
considered for amendment under the five-minute rule in
accordance with the applicable provisions of rule XVIII of
the Rules of the House of Representatives. After the
Committee rises and reports the resolution back to the
House, the previous question shall be considered as ordered
on the resolution and any amendments thereto to final
passage without intervening motion; except that it shall be
in order at any time prior to final passage (notwithstanding
any other rule or provision of law) to adopt an amendment
(or a series of amendments) changing any figure or figures
in the resolution as so reported to the extent necessary to
achieve mathematical consistency.
(6) Debate in the House of Representatives on the
conference report on any concurrent resolution on the budget
shall be limited to not more than 5 hours, which shall be
divided equally between the majority and minority parties. A
motion further to limit debate is not debatable. A motion to
recommit the conference report is not in order, and it is
not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the
conference report is agreed to or disagreed to.
[[Page 258]]
(7) Appeals from decisions of the Chair relating to the
application of the Rules of the House of Representatives to
the procedure relating to any concurrent resolution on the
budget shall be decided without debate.
(b) Procedure in Senate after report of Committee; debate;
amendments
(1) Debate in the Senate on any concurrent resolution on
the budget, and all amendments thereto and debatable motions
and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not
more than 50 hours, except that with respect to any
concurrent resolution referred to in section 635 of this
title all such debate shall be limited to not more than 15
hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader
or their designees.
(2) Debate in the Senate on any amendment to a
concurrent resolution on the budget shall be limited to 2
hours, to be equally divided between, and controlled by, the
mover and the manager of the concurrent resolution, and
debate on any amendment to an amendment, debatable motion,
or appeal shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the
concurrent resolution, except that in the event the manager
of the concurrent resolution is in favor of any such
amendment, motion, or appeal, the time in opposition thereto
shall be controlled by the minority leader or his designee.
No amendment that is not germane to the provisions of such
concurrent resolution shall be received. Such leaders, or
either of them, may, from the time under their control on
the passage of the concurrent resolution, allot additional
time to any Senator during the consideration of any
amendment, debatable motion, or appeal.
(3) Following the presentation of opening statements on
the concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year by
the chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on
the Budget of the Senate, there shall be a period of up to
four hours for debate on economic goals and policies.
(4) Subject to the other limitations of this Act, only
if a concurrent resolution on the budget reported by the
Committee on the Budget of the Senate sets forth the
economic goals (as described in sections 1022(a)(2) and
1022a(b) of title 15) which the estimates, amounts, and
levels (as described in section 632(a) of this title) set
forth in such resolution are designed to achieve, shall it
be in order to offer to such resolution an amendment
relating to such goals, and such amendment shall be in order
only if it also proposes to alter such estimates, amounts,
and levels in germane fashion in order to be consistent with
the goals proposed in such amendment.
(5) A motion to further limit debate is not debatable. A
motion to recommit (except a motion to recommit with
instructions to report back within a specified number of
days, not to exceed 3, not counting any day on which the
Senate is not in session) is not in order. Debate on any
such motion to recommit shall be limited to 1 hour, to be
equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and
the manager of the concurrent resolution.
(6) Notwithstanding any other rule, an amendment or
series of amendments to a concurrent resolution on the
budget proposed in the Senate shall always be in order if
such amendment or series of amendments proposes to change
any figure or figures then contained in such concur
[[Page 259]]
rent resolution so as to make such concurrent resolution
mathematically consistent or so as to maintain such
consistency.
(c) Action on conference reports in Senate
(1) A motion to proceed to the consideration of the
conference report on any concurrent resolution on the budget
(or a reconciliation bill or resolution) may be made even
though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to.
(2) During the consideration in the Senate of the
conference report (or a message between Houses) on any
concurrent resolution on the budget, and all amendments in
disagreement, and all amendments thereto, and debatable
motions and appeals in connection therewith, debate shall be
limited to 10 hours, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and minority leader or
their designees. Debate on any debatable motion or appeal
related to the conference report (or a message between
Houses) shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the
conference report (or a message between Houses).
(3) Should the conference report be defeated, debate on
any request for a new conference and the appointment of
conferees shall be limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the manager of the conference
report and the minority leader or his designee, and should
any motion be made to instruct the conferees before the
conferees are named, debate on such motion shall be limited
to one-half hour, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the manager of the conference
report. Debate on any amendment to any such instructions
shall be limited to 20 minutes, to be equally divided
between and controlled by the mover and the manager of the
conference report. In all cases when the manager of the
conference report is in favor of any motion, appeal, or
amendment, the time in opposition shall be under the control
of the minority leader or his designee.
(4) In any case in which there are amendments in
disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30
minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by,
the manager of the conference report and the minority leader
or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to the
provisions of such amendments shall be received.
(d) Concurrent resolution must be consistent in Senate
It shall not be in order in the Senate to vote on the
question of agreeing to--
(1) a concurrent resolution on the budget
unless the figures then contained in such
resolution are mathematically consistent; or
(2) a conference report on a concurrent
resolution on the budget unless the figures
contained in such resolution, as recommended in
such conference report, are mathematically
consistent. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III,
Sec. 305, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 310; Pub. L.
95-523, Title III, Sec. 303(b), (c), Oct. 27,
1978, 92 Stat. 1905, 1906; Pub. L. 99-177, Title
II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1047;
Pub. L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 209, Sept. 29,
1987, 101 Stat. 787; Pub. L. 100-203 Title VIII,
Sec. 8003(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-282;
Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13209,
13210(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-619,
1388-620; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X,
Sec. 10109(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 684; Pub.
L. 113-67, div. A, title I, 122(4)-(6), Dec. 26,
2013, 127 Stat. 1175. )
[[Page 260]]
287 Sec. 637. Legislation dealing with Congressional budget must
be handled by Budget Committees
(a) In the Senate
In the Senate, no bill, resolution, amendment, motion,
or conference report, dealing with any matter which is
within the jurisdiction of the Committee on the Budget shall
be considered unless it is a bill or resolution which has
been reported by the Committee on the Budget (or from the
consideration of which such committee has been discharged)
or unless it is an amendment to such a bill or resolution.
(b) In the House of Representatives
In the House of Representatives, no bill or joint
resolution, or amendment thereto, or conference report
thereon, dealing with any matter which is within the
jurisdiction of the Committee on the Budget shall be
considered unless it is a bill or joint resolution which has
been reported by the Committee on the Budget (or from the
consideration of which such committee has been discharged)
or unless it is an amendment to such a bill or joint
resolution. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 306, July 12,
1974, 88 Stat. 313; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 201(b),
Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
Sec. 13207(a)(1)(D), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-617; Pub.
L. 113-67, div. A, title I, Sec. 122(7), Dec. 26, 2013, 127
Stat. 1175.)
* * * * * * *
288 Sec. 639. Reports, summaries, and projections of
Congressional budget actions
(a) Legislation providing new budget authority or providing
increase or decrease in revenues or tax expenditures
(1) Whenever a committee of either House reports to its
House a bill or joint resolution, or committee amendment
thereto, providing new budget authority (other than
continuing appropriations) or providing an increase or
decrease in revenues or tax expenditures for a fiscal year
(or fiscal years), the report accompanying that bill or
joint resolution shall contain a statement, or the committee
shall make available such a statement in the case of an
approved committee amendment which is not reported to its
House, prepared after consultation with the Director of the
Congressional Budget Office--
(A) comparing the levels in such measure to
the appropriate allocations in the reports
submitted under section 633(b) of this title for
the most recently agreed to concurrent
resolution on the budget for such fiscal year
(or fiscal years);
(B) containing a projection by the
Congressional Budget Office of how such measure
will affect the levels of such budget authority,
budget outlays, revenues, or tax expenditures
under existing law for such fiscal year (or
fiscal years) and each of the four ensuing
fiscal years, if timely submitted before such
report is filed; and
(C) containing an estimate by the
Congressional Budget Office of the level of new
budget authority for assistance to State and
local governments provided by such measure, if
timely submitted before such report is filed.
(2) Whenever a conference report is filed in either
House and such conference report or any amendment reported
in disagreement or any
[[Page 261]]
amendment contained in the joint statement of managers to be
proposed by the conferees in the case of technical
disagreement on such bill or joint resolution provides new
budget authority (other than continuing appropriations) or
provides an increase or decrease in revenues for a fiscal
year (or fiscal years), the statement of managers
accompanying such conference report shall contain the
information described in paragraph (1), if available on a
timely basis. If such information is not available when the
conference report is filed, the committee shall make such
information available to Members as soon as practicable
prior to the consideration of such conference report.
(3) CBO PAYGO estimates.--
(A) The Chairs of the Committees on the
Budget of the House and Senate, as applicable,
shall request from the Director of the
Congressional Budget Office an estimate of the
budgetary effects of PAYGO legislation.
(B) Estimates shall be prepared using
baseline estimates supplied by the Congressional
Budget Office, consistent with section 907 of
this title.
(C) The Director shall not count timing
shifts, as that term is defined at section
932(8) of this title, in estimates of the
budgetary effects of PAYGO Legislation.
(b) Up-to-date tabulations of Congressional budget action
(1) The Director of the Congressional Budget Office
shall issue to the committees of the House of
Representatives and the Senate reports on at least a monthly
basis detailing and tabulating the progress of congressional
action on bills and joint resolutions providing new budget
authority or providing an increase or decrease in revenues
or tax expenditures for each fiscal year covered by a
concurrent resolution on the budget. Such reports shall
include but are not limited to an up-to-date tabulation
comparing the appropriate aggregate and functional levels
(including outlays) included in the most recently adopted
concurrent resolution on the budget with the levels provided
in bills and joint resolutions reported by committees or
adopted by either House or by the Congress, and with the
levels provided by law for the fiscal year preceding the
first fiscal year covered by the appropriate concurrent
resolution.
(2) The Committee on the Budget of each House shall make
available to Members of its House summary budget
scorekeeping reports. Such reports--
(A) shall be made available on at least a
monthly basis, but in any case frequently enough
to provide Members of each House an accurate
representation of the current status of
congressional consideration of the budget;
(B) shall include, but are not limited to,
summaries of tabulations provided under
subsection (b)(1); and
(C) shall be based on information provided
under subsection (b)(1) without substantive
revision.
The chairman of the Committee on the Budget of the House of
Representatives shall submit such reports to the Speaker.
[[Page 262]]
(c) Five-year projection of Congressional budget action
As soon as practicable after the beginning of each
fiscal year, the Director of the Congressional Budget Office
shall issue a report projecting for the period of 5 fiscal
years beginning with such fiscal year--
(1) total new budget authority and total
budget outlays for each fiscal year in such
period;
(2) revenues to be received and the major
sources thereof, and the surplus or deficit, if
any, for each fiscal year in such period;
(3) tax expenditures for each fiscal year in
such period; and
(4) entitlement authority for each fiscal
year in such period.
(d) Scorekeeping guidelines
Estimates under this section shall be provided in
accordance with the scorekeeping guidelines determined under
section 902(d)(5) of this title. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III,
Sec. 308, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 313; Pub. L. 99-177, Title
II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1051; Pub. L. 101-
508, Title XIII, Sec. 13206, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
617; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10110, Aug. 5, 1997, 111
Stat. 685; Pub. L. 111-139, Title I, Sec. 4(b), Feb. 12,
2010, 124 Stat. 11; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, Title I,
Sec. 122(8), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1175.)
* * * * * * *
289 Sec. 641. Reconciliation
(a) Inclusion of reconciliation directives in concurrent
resolutions on the budget
A concurrent resolution on the budget for any fiscal
year, to the extent necessary to effectuate the provisions
and requirements of such resolution, shall--
(1) specify the total amount by which--
(A) new budget authority for such fiscal
year;
(B) budget authority initially provided
for prior fiscal years;
(C) new entitlement authority which is
to become effective during such fiscal year;
and
(D) credit authority for such fiscal
year, contained in laws, bills, and
resolutions within the jurisdiction of a
committee, is to be changed and direct that
committee to determine and recommend changes
to accomplish a change of such total amount;
(2) specify the total amount by which
revenues are to be changed and direct that the
committees having jurisdiction to determine and
recommend changes in the revenue laws, bills,
and resolutions to accomplish a change of such
total amount;
(3) specify the amounts by which the
statutory limit on the public debt is to be
changed and direct the committee having
jurisdiction to recommend such change; or
(4) specify and direct any combination of
the matters described in paragraphs (1), (2),
and (3) (including a direction to achieve
deficit reduction).
(b) Legislative procedure
If a concurrent resolution containing directives to one
or more committees to determine and recommend changes in
laws, bills, or resolutions is agreed to in accordance with
subsection (a), and--
[[Page 263]]
(1) only one committee of the House or the
Senate is directed to determine and recommend
changes, that committee shall promptly make such
determination and recommendations and report to
its House reconciliation legislation containing
such recommendations; or
(2) more than one committee of the House or
the Senate is directed to determine and
recommend changes, each such committee so
directed shall promptly make such determination
and recommendations and submit such
recommendations to the Committee on the Budget
of its House, which, upon receiving all such
recommendations, shall report to its House
reconciliation legislation carrying out all such
recommendations without any substantive
revision.
For purposes of this subsection, a reconciliation resolution
is a concurrent resolution directing the Clerk of the House
of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate, as the
case may be, to make specified changes in bills and
resolutions which have not been enrolled.
(c) Compliance with reconciliation directions
(1) Any committee of the House of Representatives or the
Senate that is directed, pursuant to a concurrent resolution
on the budget, to determine and recommend changes of the
type described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a)
with respect to laws within its jurisdiction, shall be
deemed to have complied with such directions--
(A) if--
(i) the amount of the changes of the
type described in paragraph (1) of such
subsection recommended by such committee do
not exceed or fall below the amount of the
changes such committee was directed by such
concurrent resolution to recommend under
that paragraph by more than--
(I) in the Senate, 20 percent of
the total of the amounts of the
changes such committee was directed
to make under paragraphs (1) and (2)
of such subsection; or
(II) in the House of
Representatives, 20 percent of the
sum of the absolute value of the
changes the committee was directed
to make under paragraph (1) and the
absolute value of the changes the
committee was directed to make under
paragraph (2); and
(ii) the amount of the changes of the
type described in paragraph (2) of such
subsection recommended by such committee do
not exceed or fall below the amount of the
changes such committee was directed by such
concurrent resolution to recommend under
that paragraph by more than--
(I) in the Senate, 20 percent of
the total of the amounts of the
changes such committee was directed
to make under paragraphs (1) and (2)
of such subsection; or
(II) in the House of
Representatives, 20 percent of the
sum of the absolute value of the
changes the committee was directed
to make under paragraph (1) and the
absolute value of the changes the
committee was directed to make under
paragraph (2); and
(B) if the total amount of the changes
recommended by such committee is not less than
the total of the amounts of the changes such
committee was directed to make under paragraphs
(1) and (2) of such subsection.
[[Page 264]]
(2)(A) Upon the reporting to the Committee on the Budget
of the Senate of a recommendation that shall be deemed to
have complied with such directions solely by virtue of this
subsection, the chairman of that committee may file with the
Senate appropriately revised allocations under section
633(a) of this title and revised functional levels and
aggregates to carry out this subsection.
(B) Upon the submission to the Senate of a conference
report recommending a reconciliation bill or resolution in
which a committee shall be deemed to have complied with such
directions solely by virtue of this subsection, the chairman
of the Committee on the Budget of the Senate may file with
the Senate appropriately revised allocations under section
633(a) of this title and revised functional levels and
aggregates to carry out this subsection.
(C) Allocations, functional levels, and aggregates
revised pursuant to this paragraph shall be considered to be
allocations, functional levels, and aggregates contained in
the concurrent resolution on the budget pursuant to section
632 of this title.
(D) Upon the filing of revised allocations pursuant to
this paragraph, the reporting committee shall report revised
allocations pursuant to section 633(b) of this title to
carry out this subsection.
(d) Limitation on amendments to reconciliation bills and
resolutions
(1) It shall not be in order in the House of
Representatives to consider any amendment to a
reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution if such
amendment would have the effect of increasing any specific
budget outlays above the level of such outlays provided in
the bill or resolution (for the fiscal years covered by the
reconciliation instructions set forth in the most recently
agreed to concurrent resolution on the budget), or would
have the effect of reducing any specific Federal revenues
below the level of such revenues provided in the bill or
resolution (for such fiscal years), unless such amendment
makes at least an equivalent reduction in other specific
budget outlays, an equivalent increase in other specific
Federal revenues, or an equivalent combination thereof (for
such fiscal years), except that a motion to strike a
provision providing new budget authority or new entitlement
authority may be in order.
(2) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider
any amendment to a reconciliation bill or reconciliation
resolution if such amendment would have the effect of
decreasing any specific budget outlay reductions below the
level of such outlay reductions provided (for the fiscal
years covered) in the reconciliation instructions which
relate to such bill or resolution set forth in a resolution
providing for reconciliation, or would have the effect of
reducing Federal revenue increases below the level of such
revenue increases provided (for such fiscal years) in such
instructions relating to such bill or resolution, unless
such amendment makes a reduction in other specific budget
outlays, an increase in other specific Federal revenues, or
a combination thereof (for such fiscal years) at least
equivalent to any increase in outlays or decrease in
revenues provided by such amendment, except that a motion to
strike a provision shall always be in order.
(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not apply if a
declaration of war by the Congress is in effect.
(4) For purposes of this section, the levels of budget
outlays and Federal revenues for a fiscal year shall be
determined on the basis
[[Page 265]]
of estimates made by the Committee on the Budget of the
House of Representatives or of the Senate, as the case may
be.
(5) The Committee on Rules of the House of
Representatives may make in order amendments to achieve
changes specified by reconciliation directives contained in
a concurrent resolution on the budget if a committee or
committees of the House fail to submit recommended changes
to its Committee on the Budget pursuant to its instruction.
(e) Procedure in Senate
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the provisions
of section 636 of this title for the consideration in the
Senate of concurrent resolutions on the budget and
conference reports thereon shall also apply to the
consideration in the Senate of reconciliation bills reported
under subsection (b) and conference reports thereon.
(2) Debate in the Senate on any reconciliation bill
reported under subsection (b), and all amendments thereto
and debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith,
shall be limited to not more than 20 hours.
(f) Completion of reconciliation process
It shall not be in order in the House of Representatives
to consider any resolution providing for an adjournment
period of more than three calendar days during the month of
July until the House of Representatives has completed action
on the reconciliation legislation for the fiscal year
beginning on October 1 of the calendar year to which the
adjournment resolution pertains, if reconciliation
legislation is required to be reported by the concurrent
resolution on the budget for such fiscal year.
(g) Limitation on changes to Social Security Act
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it shall not
be in order in the Senate or the House of Representatives to
consider any reconciliation bill or reconciliation
resolution reported pursuant to a concurrent resolution on
the budget agreed to under section 632 or 635 of this title,
or a joint resolution pursuant to section 907d of this
title, or any amendment thereto or conference report
thereon, that contains recommendations with respect to the
old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program
established under title II of the Social Security Act [42
U.S.C. 401 et seq.]. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 310,
July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 315; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II,
Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1053; Pub. L. 101-508,
Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(9), 13207(c), (d), 13210(2),
Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608, 1388-618 to 1388-620; Pub.
L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10111, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 685;
Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, Title I, Sec. 122(9), Dec. 26, 2013,
127 Stat. 1175.)
290 Sec. 642. Budget-related legislation must be within
appropriate levels
(a) Enforcement of budget aggregates
(1) In House of Representatives
Except as provided by subsection (c), after
the Congress has completed action on a
concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal
year, it shall not be in order in the House of
Representatives to consider any bill, joint
resolution, amendment, motion, or conference
report providing new budget authority or
reducing revenues, if--
(A) the enactment of that bill or
resolution as reported;
[[Page 266]]
(B) the adoption and enactment of that
amendment; or
(C) the enactment of that bill or
resolution in the form recommended in that
conference report;
would cause the level of total new budget authority
or total outlays set forth in the applicable
concurrent resolution on the budget for the first
fiscal year to be exceeded, or would cause revenues
to be less than the level of total revenues set
forth in that concurrent resolution for the first
fiscal year or for the total of that first fiscal
year and the ensuing fiscal years for which
allocations are provided under section 633(a) of
this title, except when a declaration of war by the
Congress is in effect.
(2) In Senate
After a concurrent resolution on the budget
is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the
Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report that--
(A) would cause the level of total new
budget authority or total outlays set forth
for the first fiscal year in the applicable
resolution to be exceeded; or
(B) would cause revenues to be less than
the level of total revenues set forth for
that first fiscal year or for the total of
that first fiscal year and the ensuing
fiscal years in the applicable resolution
for which allocations are provided under
section 633(a) of this title.
(3) Enforcement of social security levels in Senate
After a concurrent resolution on the budget
is agreed to, it shall not be in order in the
Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report that
would cause a decrease in social security
surpluses or an increase in social security
deficits relative to the levels set forth in the
applicable resolution for the first fiscal year
or for the total of that fiscal year and the
ensuing fiscal years for which allocations are
provided under section 633(a) of this title.
(b) Social security levels
(1) In general
For purposes of subsection (a)(3), social
security surpluses equal the excess of social
security revenues over social security outlays
in a fiscal year or years with such an excess
and social security deficits equal the excess of
social security outlays over social security
revenues in a fiscal year or years with such an
excess.
(2) Tax treatment
For purposes of subsection (a)(3), no
provision of any legislation involving a change
in chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.] shall be treated as
affecting the amount of social security revenues
or outlays unless that provision changes the
income tax treatment of social security
benefits.
(c) Exception in House of Representatives
Subsection (a)(1) shall not apply in the House of
Representatives to any bill, joint resolution, or amendment
that provides new budget authority for a fiscal year or to
any conference report on any such bill or resolution, if--
(1) the enactment of that bill or resolution
as reported;
(2) the adoption and enactment of that
amendment; or
[[Page 267]]
(3) the enactment of that bill or resolution
in the form recommended in that conference
report;
would not cause the appropriate allocation of new budget
authority made pursuant to section 633(a) of this title for
that fiscal year to be exceeded. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III,
Sec. 311, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 316; Pub. L. 99-177, Title
II, Sec. 201(b), Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1055; Pub. L. 100-
119, Title I, Sec. 106(e)(1), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat. 781;
Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 13112(a)(10),
13207(a)(1)(E), 13303(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-608,
1388-617, 1388-626; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10112(a),
Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 686.)
291 Sec. 643. Determinations and points of order
(a) Budget Committee determinations
For purposes of this subchapter and subchapter II, the
levels of new budget authority, outlays, direct spending,
new entitlement authority, and revenues for a fiscal year
shall be determined on the basis of estimates made by the
Committee on the Budget of the House of Representatives or
the Senate, as applicable.
(b) Discretionary spending point of order in Senate
(1) In general
Except as otherwise provided in this
subsection, it shall not be in order in the
Senate to consider any bill or resolution (or
amendment, motion, or conference report on that
bill or resolution) that would exceed any of the
discretionary spending limits in section 251(c)
of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 901(c)].
(2) Exceptions
This subsection shall not apply if a
declaration of war by the Congress is in effect
or if a joint resolution pursuant to section 258
of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 907a] has been
enacted.
(c) Maximum deficit amount point of order in Senate
It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider any
concurrent resolution on the budget for a fiscal year, or to
consider any amendment to that concurrent resolution, or to
consider a conference report on that concurrent resolution,
if--
(1) the level of total outlays for the first
fiscal year set forth in that concurrent
resolution or conference report exceeds; or
(2) the adoption of that amendment would
result in a level of total outlays for that
fiscal year that exceeds;
the recommended level of Federal revenues for that fiscal
year, by an amount that is greater than the maximum deficit
amount, if any, specified in the Balanced Budget and
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 for that fiscal year.
(d) Timing of points of order in Senate
A point of order under this Act may not be raised
against a bill, resolution, amendment, motion, or conference
report while an amendment or motion, the adoption of which
would remedy the violation of this Act, is pending before
the Senate.
[[Page 268]]
(e) Points of order in Senate against amendments between
Houses
Each provision of this Act that establishes a point of
order against an amendment also establishes a point of order
in the Senate against an amendment between the Houses. If a
point of order under this Act is raised in the Senate
against an amendment between the Houses and the point of
order is sustained, the effect shall be the same as if the
Senate had disagreed to the amendment.
(f) Effect of point of order in Senate
In the Senate, if a point of order under this Act
against a bill or resolution is sustained, the Presiding
Officer shall then recommit the bill or resolution to the
committee of appropriate jurisdiction for further
consideration. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 312, as
added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13207(b)(1), Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1388-618, and amended Pub. L. 105-33, Title
X, Sec. 10113(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 687.)
292 Sec. 644. Extraneous matter in reconciliation legislation
(a) In general
When the Senate is considering a reconciliation bill or
a reconciliation resolution pursuant to section 641 of this
title (whether that bill or resolution originated in the
Senate or the House) or section 907d of this title, upon a
point of order being made by any Senator against material
extraneous to the instructions to a committee which is
contained in any title or provision of the bill or
resolution or offered as an amendment to the bill or
resolution, and the point of order is sustained by the
Chair, any part of said title or provision that contains
material extraneous to the instructions to said Committee as
defined in subsection (b) shall be deemed stricken from the
bill and may not be offered as an amendment from the floor.
(b) Extraneous provisions
(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a provision
of a reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution
considered pursuant to section 641 of this title shall be
considered extraneous if such provision does not produce a
change in outlays or revenues, including changes in outlays
and revenues brought about by changes in the terms and
conditions under which outlays are made or revenues are
required to be collected (but a provision in which outlay
decreases or revenue increases exactly offset outlay
increases or revenue decreases shall not be considered
extraneous by virtue of this subparagraph); (B) any
provision producing an increase in outlays or decrease in
revenues shall be considered extraneous if the net effect of
provisions reported by the committee reporting the title
containing the provision is that the committee fails to
achieve its reconciliation instructions; (C) a provision
that is not in the jurisdiction of the committee with
jurisdiction over said title or provision shall be
considered extraneous; (D) a provision shall be considered
extraneous if it produces changes in outlays or revenues
which are merely incidental to the non-budgetary components
of the provision; (E) a provision shall be considered to be
extraneous if it increases, or would increase, net outlays,
or if it decreases, or would decrease, revenues during a
fiscal year after the fiscal years covered by such
reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution, and such
increases or decreases are greater than outlay
[[Page 269]]
reductions or revenue increases resulting from other
provisions in such title in such year; and (F) a provision
shall be considered extraneous if it violates section 641(g)
of this title.
(2) A Senate-originated provision shall not be
considered extraneous under paragraph (1)(A) if the Chairman
and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on the Budget
and the Chairman and Ranking Minority Member of the
Committee which reported the provision certify that: (A) the
provision mitigates direct effects clearly attributable to a
provision changing outlays or revenues and both provisions
together produce a net reduction in the deficit; (B) the
provision will result in a substantial reduction in outlays
or a substantial increase in revenues during fiscal years
after the fiscal years covered by the reconciliation bill or
reconciliation resolution; (C) a reduction of outlays or an
increase in revenues is likely to occur as a result of the
provision, in the event of new regulations authorized by the
provision or likely to be proposed, court rulings on pending
litigation, or relationships between economic indices and
stipulated statutory triggers pertaining to the provision,
other than the regulations, court rulings or relationships
currently projected by the Congressional Budget Office for
scorekeeping purposes; or (D) such provision will be likely
to produce a significant reduction in outlays or increase in
revenues but, due to insufficient data, such reduction or
increase cannot be reliably estimated.
(3) A provision reported by a committee shall not be
considered extraneous under paragraph (1)(C) if (A) the
provision is an integral part of a provision or title, which
if introduced as a bill or resolution would be referred to
such committee, and the provision sets forth the procedure
to carry out or implement the substantive provisions that
were reported and which fall within the jurisdiction of such
committee; or (B) the provision states an exception to, or a
special application of, the general provision or title of
which it is a part and such general provision or title if
introduced as a bill or resolution would be referred to such
committee.
(c) Extraneous materials
Upon the reporting or discharge of a reconciliation bill
or resolution pursuant to section 641 of this title in the
Senate, and again upon the submission of a conference report
on such a reconciliation bill or resolution, the Committee
on the Budget of the Senate shall submit for the record a
list of material considered to be extraneous under
subsections (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B), and (b)(1)(E) of this
section to the instructions of a committee as provided in
this section. The inclusion or exclusion of a provision
shall not constitute a determination of extraneousness by
the Presiding Officer of the Senate.
(d) Conference reports
When the Senate is considering a conference report on,
or an amendment between the Houses in relation to, a
reconciliation bill or reconciliation resolution pursuant to
section 641 of this title, upon--
(1) a point of order being made by any
Senator against extraneous material meeting the
definition of subsections (b)(1)(A), (b)(1)(B),
(b)(1)(D), (b)(1)(E), or (b)(1)(F), and
(2) such point of order being sustained,
such material contained in such conference report or
amendment shall be deemed stricken, and the Senate shall
proceed, without intervening
[[Page 270]]
action or motion, to consider the question of whether the
Senate shall recede from its amendment and concur with a
further amendment, or concur in the House amendment with a
further amendment, as the case may be, which further
amendment shall consist of only that portion of the
conference report or House amendment, as the case may be,
not so stricken. Any such motion in the Senate shall be
debatable for two hours. In any case in which such point of
order is sustained against a conference report (or Senate
amendment derived from such conference report by operation
of this subsection), no further amendment shall be in order.
(e) General point of order
Notwithstanding any other law or rule of the Senate, it
shall be in order for a Senator to raise a single point of
order that several provisions of a bill, resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report violate this
section. The Presiding Officer may sustain the point of
order as to some or all of the provisions against which the
Senator raised the point of order. If the Presiding Officer
so sustains the point of order as to some of the provisions
(including provisions of an amendment, motion, or conference
report) against which the Senator raised the point of order,
then only those provisions (including provisions of an
amendment, motion, or conference report) against which the
Presiding Officer sustains the point of order shall be
deemed stricken pursuant to this section. Before the
Presiding Officer rules on such a point of order, any
Senator may move to waive such a point of order as it
applies to some or all of the provisions against which the
point of order was raised. Such a motion to waive is
amendable in accordance with the rules and precedents of the
Senate. After the Presiding Officer rules on such a point of
order, any Senator may appeal the ruling of the Presiding
Officer on such a point of order as it applies to some or
all of the provisions on which the Presiding Officer ruled.
(Pub. L. 93-344, Title III, Sec. 313, as added and amended
Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII, Sec. 13214(a)-(b)(4), Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1388-621, 1388-622; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X,
Sec. 10113(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 688.)
293 Sec. 645. Adjustments
(a) Adjustments
After the reporting of a bill or joint resolution or the
offering of an amendment thereto or the submission of a
conference report thereon, the chairman of the Committee on
the Budget of the House of Representatives or the Senate may
make appropriate budgetary adjustments of new budget
authority and the outlays flowing therefrom in the same
amount as required by section 901(b) of this title.
(b) Application of adjustments
The adjustments made pursuant to subsection (a) for
legislation shall--
(1) apply while that legislation is under
consideration;
(2) take effect upon the enactment of that
legislation; and
(3) be published in the Congressional Record
as soon as practicable.
[[Page 271]]
(c) Reporting revised suballocations
Following any adjustment made under subsection (a), the
Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
Representatives may report appropriately revised
suballocations under section 633(b) of this title to carry
out this section.
(d) Emergencies in the House of Representatives
(1) In the House of Representatives, if a
reported bill or joint resolution, or amendment
thereto or conference report thereon, contains a
provision providing new budget authority and
outlays or reducing revenue, and a designation
of such provision as an emergency requirement
pursuant to 901(b)(2)(A) of this title, the
chair of the Committee on the Budget of the
House of Representatives shall not count the
budgetary effects of such provision for purposes
of this subchapter and subchapter II and the
Rules of the House of Representatives.
(2)(A) In the House of Representatives, a
proposal to strike a designation under paragraph
(1) shall be excluded from an evaluation of
budgetary effects for purposes of this
subchapter and subchapter II and the Rules of
the House of Representatives.
(B) An amendment offered under
subparagraph (A) that also proposes to
reduce each amount appropriated or
otherwise made available by the pending
measure that is not required to be
appropriated or otherwise made available
shall be in order at any point in the
reading of the pending measure.
(e) Senate point of order against an emergency designation
(1) In general
When the Senate is considering a bill, resolution,
amendment, motion, amendment between the Houses, or
conference report, if a point of order is made by a Senator
against an emergency designation in that measure, that
provision making such a designation shall be stricken from
the measure and may not be offered as an amendment from the
floor.
(2) Supermajority waiver and appeals
(A) Waiver
Paragraph (1) may be
waived or suspended in the
Senate only by an
affirmative vote of three-
fifths of the Members, duly
chosen and sworn.
(B) Appeals
Appeals in the Senate
from the decisions of the
Chair relating to any
provision of this subsection
shall be limited to 1 hour,
to be equally divided
between, and controlled by,
the appellant and the
manager of the bill or joint
resolution, as the case may
be. An affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members
of the Senate, duly chosen
and sworn, shall be required
to sustain an appeal of the
ruling of the Chair on a
point of order raised under
this subsection.
(3) Definition of an emergency designation
For purposes of paragraph (1), a provision shall be
considered an emergency designation if it designates any
item pursuant to section 901(b)(2)(A)(i) of this title.
[[Page 272]]
(4) Form of the point of order
A point of order under paragraph (1) may be raised by a
Senator as provided in section 644(e) of this title.
(5) Conference reports
When the Senate is considering a conference report on,
or an amendment between the Houses in relation to, a bill,
upon a point of order being made by any Senator pursuant to
this section, and such point of order being sustained, such
material contained in such conference report shall be deemed
stricken, and the Senate shall proceed to consider the
question of whether the Senate shall recede from its
amendment and concur with a further amendment, or concur in
the House amendment with a further amendment, as the case
may be, which further amendment shall consist of only that
portion of the conference report or House amendment, as the
case may be, not so stricken. Any such motion in the Senate
shall be debatable. In any case in which such point of order
is sustained against a conference report (or Senate
amendment derived from such conference report by operation
of this subsection), no further amendment shall be in order.
(f) Enforcement of discretionary spending caps
It shall not be in order in the House of Representatives
or the Senate to consider any bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report that would cause the
discretionary spending limits as set forth in section 901 of
this title to be exceeded.
(g) Adjustment for reemployment services and eligibility
assessments
(1) In general
(A) Adjustments
If the Committee on
Appropriations of either
House reports an
appropriation measure for
any of fiscal years 2022
through 2027 that provides
budget authority for grants
under section 506 of title
42, or if a conference
committee submits a
conference report thereon,
the chairman of the
Committee on the Budget of
the House of Representatives
or the Senate shall make the
adjustments referred to in
subparagraph (B) to reflect
the additional new budget
authority provided for such
grants in that measure or
conference report and the
outlays resulting therefrom,
consistent with subparagraph
(D).
(B) Types of adjustments
The adjustments referred
to in this subparagraph
consist of adjustments to--
(i) the discretionary spending
limits for that fiscal year as set
forth in the most recently adopted
concurrent resolution on the budget;
(ii) the allocations to the
Committees on Appropriations of the
Senate and the House of
Representatives for that fiscal year
under section 633(a) of this title;
and
(iii) the appropriate budget
aggregates for that fiscal year in
the most recently adopted concurrent
resolution on the budget.
[[Page 273]]
(C) Enforcement
The adjusted
discretionary spending
limits, allocations, and
aggregates under this
paragraph shall be
considered the appropriate
limits, allocations, and
aggregates for purposes of
congressional enforcement of
this Act and concurrent
budget resolutions under
this Act.
(D) Limitation
No adjustment may be
made under this subsection
in excess of--
(i) for fiscal year 2022,
$133,000,000;
(ii) for fiscal year 2023,
$258,000,000;
(iii) for fiscal year 2024,
$433,000,000;
(iv) for fiscal year 2025,
$533,000,000;
(v) for fiscal year 2026,
$608,000,000; and
(vi) for fiscal year 2027,
$633,000,000.
(E) Definition
As used in this
subsection, the term
``additional new budget
authority'' means the amount
provided for a fiscal year,
in excess of $117,000,000,
in an appropriation measure
or conference report (as the
case may be) and specified
to pay for grants to States
under section 506 of title
42.
(2) Report on 633(b) level
Following any adjustment made under paragraph (1), the
Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of
Representatives may report appropriately revised
suballocations pursuant to section 633(b) of this title to
carry out this subsection. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title III,
Sec. 314, as added Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10114(a),
Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 688; amended Pub. L. 105-89, Title
II, Sec. 201(b)(2), Nov. 19, 1997, 111 Stat. 2125; Pub. L.
112-25, Title I, Sec. 105(a), Aug. 2, 2011, 125 Stat. 246;
Pub. L. 112-78, Title V, Sec. 511, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat.
1291; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, Title I, Sec. 122(10), Dec.
26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1176; Pub. L. 115-123, div. C, Title II,
Sec. 30206(d), Feb. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 131.)
* * * * * * *
294 Sec. 651. Budget-related legislation not subject to
appropriations
(a) Controls on certain budget-related legislation not
subject to appropriations
It shall not be in order in either the House of
Representatives or the Senate to consider any bill or joint
resolution (in the House of Representatives only, as
reported), amendment, motion, or conference report that
provides--
(1) new authority to enter into contracts
under which the United States is obligated to
make outlays;
(2) new authority to incur indebtedness
(other than indebtedness incurred under chapter
31 of title 31) for the repayment of which the
United States is liable; or
(3) new credit authority;
unless that bill, joint resolution, amendment, motion, or
conference report also provides that the new authority is to
be effective for any
[[Page 274]]
fiscal year only to the extent or in the amounts provided in
advance in appropriation Acts.
(b) Legislation providing new entitlement authority
(1) Point of order.--It shall not be in order in either
the House of Representatives or the Senate to consider any
bill or joint resolution (in the House of Representatives
only, as reported), amendment, motion, or conference report
that provides new entitlement authority that is to become
effective during the current fiscal year.
(2) If any committee of the House of Representatives or
the Senate reports any bill or resolution which provides new
entitlement authority which is to become effective during a
fiscal year and the amount of new budget authority which
will be required for such fiscal year if such bill or
resolution is enacted as so reported exceeds the appropriate
allocation of new budget authority reported under section
633(a) of this title in connection with the most recently
agreed to concurrent resolution on the budget for such
fiscal year, such bill or resolution shall then be referred
to the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate or may then
be referred to the Committee on Appropriations of the House,
as the case may be, with instructions to report it, with the
committee's recommendations, within 15 calendar days (not
counting any day on which that House is not in session)
beginning with the day following the day on which it is so
referred. If the Committee on Appropriations of either House
fails to report a bill or resolution referred to it under
this paragraph within such 15-day period, the committee
shall automatically be discharged from further consideration
of such bill or resolution and such bill or resolution shall
be placed on the appropriate calendar.
(3) The Committee on Appropriations of each House shall
have jurisdiction to report any bill or resolution referred
to it under paragraph (2) with an amendment which limits the
total amount of new spending authority provided in such bill
or resolution.
(c) Exceptions
(1) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to new
authority described in those subsections if outlays from
that new authority will flow--
(A) from a trust fund established by the
Social Security Act (as in effect on July 12,
1974) [42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.]; or
(B) from any other trust fund, 90 percent or
more of the receipts of which consist or will
consist of amounts (transferred from the general
fund of the Treasury) equivalent to amounts of
taxes (related to the purposes for which such
outlays are or will be made) received in the
Treasury under specified provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1 et
seq.].
(2) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to new
authority described in those subsections to the extent
that--
(A) the outlays resulting therefrom are made
by an organization which is (i) a mixed-
ownership Government corporation (as defined in
section 9101(2) of title 31), or (ii) a wholly
owned Government corporation (as defined in
section 9101(3) of title 31) which is
specifically exempted by law from compliance
with any or all of the provisions of chapter 91
of title 31, as of December 12, 1985; or
(B) the outlays resulting therefrom consist
exclusively of the proceeds of gifts or bequests
made to the United States for a specific
purpose.
[[Page 275]]
(3) In the House of Representatives, subsections (a) and
(b) shall not apply to new authority described in those
subsections to the extent that a provision in a bill or
joint resolution, or an amendment thereto or a conference
report thereon, establishes prospectively for a Federal
office or position a specified or minimum level of
compensation to be funded by annual discretionary
appropriations. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 401, July
12, 1974, 88 Stat. 317; Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 211,
Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1056; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct.
22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
Sec. 13207(a)(1)(F), (G), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-617,
1388-618; Pub. L. 105-33, Title X, Sec. 10116(a)(1)-(5),
Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 690, 691; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A,
Title I, Sec. 122(12), (13), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1176.)
* * * * * * *
Part B.--Federal Mandates
295 Sec. 658. Definitions
For purposes of this part:
(1) Agency
The term ``agency'' has the same meaning
as defined in section 551(1) of title 5, but
does not include independent regulatory
agencies.
(2) Amount
The term ``amount'', with respect to an
authorization of appropriations for Federal
financial assistance, means the amount of
budget authority for any Federal grant
assistance program or any Federal program
providing loan guarantees or direct loans.
(3) Direct costs
The term ``direct costs''--
(A)(i) in the case of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate, means the
aggregate estimated amounts that all
State, local, and tribal governments
would be required to spend or would
be prohibited from raising in
revenues in order to comply with the
Federal intergovernmental mandate;
or
(ii) in the case of a provision
referred to in paragraph (5)(A)(ii),
means the amount of Federal
financial assistance eliminated or
reduced;
(B) in the case of a Federal
private sector mandate, means the
aggregate estimated amounts that the
private sector will be required to
spend in order to comply with the
Federal private sector mandate;
(C) shall be determined on the
assumption that--
(i) State, local, and
tribal governments, and the
private sector will take all
reasonable steps necessary
to mitigate the costs
resulting from the Federal
mandate, and will comply
with applicable standards of
practice and conduct
established by recognized
professional or trade
associations; and
(ii) reasonable steps to
mitigate the costs shall not
include increases in State,
local, or tribal taxes or
fees; and
(D) shall not include--
[[Page 276]]
(i) estimated amounts
that the State, local, and
tribal governments (in the
case of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate)
or the private sector (in
the case of a Federal
private sector mandate)
would spend--
(I) to comply with or
carry out all applicable
Federal, State, local, and
tribal laws and regulations
in effect at the time of the
adoption of the Federal
mandate for the same
activity as is affected by
that Federal mandate; or
(II) to comply with or
carry out State, local, and
tribal governmental
programs, or private-sector
business or other activities
in effect at the time of the
adoption of the Federal
mandate for the same
activity as is affected by
that mandate; or
(ii) expenditures to the
extent that such
expenditures will be offset
by any direct savings to the
State, local, and tribal
governments, or by the
private sector, as a result
of--
(I) compliance with
the Federal mandate; or
(II) other changes in
Federal law or regulation
that are enacted or adopted
in the same bill or joint
resolution or proposed or
final Federal regulation and
that govern the same
activity as is affected by
the Federal mandate.
(4) Direct savings
The term ``direct savings'', when used
with respect to the result of compliance
with the Federal mandate--
(A) in the case of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate, means the
aggregate estimated reduction in
costs to any State, local, or tribal
government as a result of compliance
with the Federal intergovernmental
mandate; and
(B) in the case of a Federal
private sector mandate, means the
aggregate estimated reduction in
costs to the private sector as a
result of compliance with the
Federal private sector mandate.
(5) Federal intergovernmental mandate
The term ``Federal intergovernmental
mandate'' means--
(A) any provision in
legislation, statute, or regulation
that--
(i) would impose an
enforceable duty upon State,
local, or tribal
governments, except--
(I) a condition of
Federal assistance; or
(II) a duty arising
from participation in a
voluntary Federal program,
except as provided in
subparagraph (B); or
(ii) would reduce or
eliminate the amount of
authorization of
appropriations for--
(I) Federal financial
assistance that would be
provided to State, local, or
tribal governments for the
purpose of complying with
any such previously imposed
duty unless such duty is
reduced or eliminated by a
corresponding amount; or
(II) the control of
borders by the Federal
Government; or reimbursement
to State, local, or tribal
govern
[[Page 277]]
ments for the net cost
associated with illegal,
deportable, and excludable
aliens, including court-
mandated expenses related to
emergency health care,
education or criminal
justice; when such a
reduction or elimination
would result in increased
net costs to State, local,
or tribal governments in
providing education or
emergency health care to, or
incarceration of, illegal
aliens; except that this
subclause shall not be in
effect with respect to a
State, local, or tribal
government, to the extent
that such government has not
fully cooperated in the
efforts of the Federal
Government to locate,
apprehend, and deport
illegal aliens;
(B) any provision in
legislation, statute, or regulation
that relates to a then-existing
Federal program under which
$500,000,000 or more is provided
annually to State, local, and tribal
governments under entitlement
authority, if the provision--
(i)(I) would increase
the stringency of conditions
of assistance to State,
local, or tribal governments
under the program; or
(II) would place caps
upon, or otherwise decrease,
the Federal Government's
responsibility to provide
funding to State, local, or
tribal governments under the
program; and
(ii) the State, local,
or tribal governments that
participate in the Federal
program lack authority under
that program to amend their
financial or programmatic
responsibilities to continue
providing required services
that are affected by the
legislation, statute, or
regulation.
(6) Federal mandate
The term ``Federal mandate'' means a
Federal intergovernmental mandate or a
Federal private sector mandate, as defined
in paragraphs (5) and (7).
(7) Federal private sector mandate
The term ``Federal private sector
mandate'' means any provision in
legislation, statute, or regulation that--
(A) would impose an enforceable
duty upon the private sector
except--
(i) a condition of
Federal assistance; or
(ii) a duty arising from
participation in a voluntary
Federal program; or
(B) would reduce or eliminate
the amount of authorization of
appropriations for Federal financial
assistance that will be provided to
the private sector for the purposes
of ensuring compliance with such
duty.
(8) Local government
The term ``local government'' has the
same meaning as defined in section 6501(6)
of title 31.
(9) Private sector
The term ``private sector'' means all
persons or entities in the United States,
including individuals, partnerships, associa
[[Page 278]]
tions, corporations, and educational and
nonprofit institutions, but shall not
include State, local, or tribal governments.
(10) Regulation; rule
The term ``regulation'' or ``rule''
(except with respect to a rule of either
House of the Congress) has the meaning of
``rule'' as defined in section 601(2) of
title 5.
(11) Small government
The term ``small government'' means any
small governmental jurisdictions defined in
section 601(5) of title 5 and any tribal
government.
(12) State
The term ``State'' has the same meaning
as defined in section 6501(9) of title 31.
(13) Tribal government
The term ``tribal government'' means any
Indian tribe, band, nation, or other
organized group or community, including any
Alaska Native village or regional or village
corporation as defined in or established
pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims
Settlement Act (85 Stat. 688; 43 U.S.C. 1601
et seq.) which is recognized as eligible for
the special programs and services provided
by the United States to Indians because of
their special status as Indians. (Pub. L.
93-344, Title IV, Sec. 421, as added Pub. L.
104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22,
1995, 109 Stat. 50; amended Pub. L. 113-67,
div. A, Title I, Sec. 122(14), Dec. 26,
2013, 127 Stat. 1176.)
296 Sec. 658a. Exclusions
This part shall not apply to any provision in a bill,
joint resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report
before Congress that--
(1) enforces constitutional rights of
individuals;
(2) establishes or enforces any statutory
rights that prohibit discrimination on the basis
of race, color, religion, sex, national origin,
age, handicap, or disability;
(3) requires compliance with accounting and
auditing procedures with respect to grants or
other money or property provided by the Federal
Government;
(4) provides for emergency assistance or
relief at the request of any State, local, or
tribal government or any official of a State,
local, or tribal government;
(5) is necessary for the national security
or the ratification or implementation of
international treaty obligations;
(6) the President designates as emergency
legislation and that the Congress so designates
in statute; or
(7) relates to the old-age, survivors, and
disability insurance program under title II of
the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.]
(including taxes imposed by sections 3101(a) and
3111(a) of title 26 (relating to old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance)). (Pub. L.
93-344, Title IV, Sec. 422, as added Pub. L.
104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995,
109 Stat. 53.)
[[Page 279]]
297 Sec. 658b. Duties of Congressional committees
(a) In general
When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the
House of Representatives reports a bill or joint resolution
of public character that includes any Federal mandate, the
report of the committee accompanying the bill or joint
resolution shall contain the information required by
subsections (c) and (d).
(b) Submission of bills to Director
When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the
House of Representatives orders reported a bill or joint
resolution of a public character, the committee shall
promptly provide the bill or joint resolution to the
Director of the Congressional Budget Office and shall
identify to the Director any Federal mandates contained in
the bill or resolution.
(c) Reports on Federal mandates
Each report described under subsection (a) shall
contain--
(1) an identification and description of any
Federal mandates in the bill or joint
resolution, including the direct costs to State,
local, and tribal governments, and to the
private sector, required to comply with the
Federal mandates;
(2) a qualitative, and if practicable, a
quantitative assessment of costs and benefits
anticipated from the Federal mandates (including
the effects on health and safety and the
protection of the natural environment); and
(3) a statement of the degree to which a
Federal mandate affects both the public and
private sectors and the extent to which Federal
payment of public sector costs or the
modification or termination of the Federal
mandate as provided under section 658d(a)(2) of
this title would affect the competitive balance
between State, local, or tribal governments and
the private sector including a description of
the actions, if any, taken by the committee to
avoid any adverse impact on the private sector
or the competitive balance between the public
sector and the private sector.
(d) Intergovernmental mandates
If any of the Federal mandates in the bill or joint
resolution are Federal intergovernmental mandates, the
report required under subsection (a) shall also contain--
(1)(A) a statement of the amount, if any, of
increase or decrease in authorization of
appropriations under existing Federal financial
assistance programs, or of authorization of
appropriations for new Federal financial
assistance, provided by the bill or joint
resolution and usable for activities of State,
local, or tribal governments subject to the
Federal intergovernmental mandates;
(B) a statement of whether the committee
intends that the Federal intergovernmental
mandates be partly or entirely unfunded, and if
so, the reasons for that intention; and
(C) if funded in whole or in part, a
statement of whether and how the committee has
created a mechanism to allocate the funding in a
manner that is reasonably consistent with the
expected direct costs among and between the
respective levels of State, local, and tribal
government;
[[Page 280]]
(2) any existing sources of Federal
assistance in addition to those identified in
paragraph (1) that may assist State, local, and
tribal governments in meeting the direct costs
of the Federal intergovernmental mandates; and
(3) if the bill or joint resolution would
make the reduction specified in section
658(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title, a statement of
how the committee specifically intends the
States to implement the reduction and to what
extent the legislation provides additional
flexibility, if any, to offset the reduction.
(e) Preemption clarification and information
When a committee of authorization of the Senate or the
House of Representatives reports a bill or joint resolution
of public character, the committee report accompanying the
bill or joint resolution shall contain, if relevant to the
bill or joint resolution, an explicit statement on the
extent to which the bill or joint resolution is intended to
preempt any State, local, or tribal law, and, if so, an
explanation of the effect of such preemption.
(f) Publication of statement from Director
(1) In general
Upon receiving a statement from the Director
under section 658c of this title, a committee of
the Senate or the House of Representatives shall
publish the statement in the committee report
accompanying the bill or joint resolution to
which the statement relates if the statement is
available at the time the report is printed.
(2) Other publication of statement of Director
If the statement is not published in the
report, or if the bill or joint resolution to
which the statement relates is expected to be
considered by the Senate or the House of
Representatives before the report is published,
the committee shall cause the statement, or a
summary thereof, to be published in the
Congressional Record in advance of floor
consideration of the bill or joint resolution.
(Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 423, as added
Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22,
1995, 109 Stat. 53; amended Pub. L. 106-141,
Sec. 2(a), Dec. 7, 1999, 113 Stat. 1699.)
298 Sec. 658c. Duties of Director; statements on bills and joint
resolutions other than appropriations bills and joint
resolutions
(a) Federal intergovernmental mandates in reported bills and
resolutions
For each bill or joint resolution of a public character
reported by any committee of authorization of the Senate or
the House of Representatives, the Director of the
Congressional Budget Office shall prepare and submit to the
committee a statement as follows:
(1) Contents
If the Director estimates that the
direct cost of all Federal intergovernmental
mandates in the bill or joint resolution
will equal or exceed $50,000,000 (adjusted
annually for inflation) in the fiscal year
in which any Federal intergovernmental
mandate in the bill or joint resolution (or
in any necessary implementing regulation)
would first be effective or in any of the 4
fiscal years following such fiscal year, the
Director shall so
[[Page 281]]
state, specify the estimate, and briefly
explain the basis of the estimate.
(2) Estimates
Estimates required under paragraph (1)
shall include estimates (and brief
explanations of the basis of the estimates)
of--
(A) the total amount of direct
cost of complying with the Federal
intergovernmental mandates in the
bill or joint resolution;
(B) if the bill or resolution
contains an authorization of
appropriations under section
658d(a)(2)(B) of this title, the
amount of new budget authority for
each fiscal year for a period not to
exceed 10 years beyond the effective
date necessary for the direct cost
of the intergovernmental mandate;
and
(C) the amount, if any, of
increase in authorization of
appropriations under existing
Federal financial assistance
programs, or of authorization of
appropriations for new Federal
financial assistance, provided by
the bill or joint resolution and
usable by State, local, or tribal
governments for activities subject
to the Federal intergovernmental
mandates.
(3) Additional flexibility information
The Director shall include in the
statement submitted under this subsection,
in the case of legislation that makes
changes as described in section
658(5)(B)(i)(II) of this title--
(A) if no additional flexibility
is provided in the legislation, a
description of whether and how the
States can offset the reduction
under existing law; or
(B) if additional flexibility is
provided in the legislation, whether
the resulting savings would offset
the reductions in that program
assuming the States fully implement
that additional flexibility.
(4) Estimate not feasible
If the Director determines that it is
not feasible to make a reasonable estimate
that would be required under paragraphs (1)
and (2), the Director shall not make the
estimate, but shall report in the statement
that the reasonable estimate cannot be made
and shall include the reasons for that
determination in the statement. If such
determination is made by the Director, a
point of order under this part shall lie
only under section 658d(a)(1) of this title
and as if the requirement of section
658d(a)(1) of this title had not been met.
(b) Federal private sector mandates in reported bills and
joint resolutions
For each bill or joint resolution of a public character
reported by any committee of authorization of the Senate or
the House of Representatives, the Director of the
Congressional Budget Office shall prepare and submit to the
committee a statement as follows:
(1) Contents
If the Director estimates that the
direct cost of all Federal private sector
mandates in the bill or joint resolution
will equal or exceed $100,000,000 (adjusted
annually for inflation) in the
[[Page 282]]
fiscal year in which any Federal private
sector mandate in the bill or joint
resolution (or in any necessary implementing
regulation) would first be effective or in
any of the 4 fiscal years following such
fiscal year, the Director shall so state,
specify the estimate, and briefly explain
the basis of the estimate.
(2) Estimates
Estimates required under paragraph (1)
shall include estimates (and a brief
explanation of the basis of the estimates)
of--
(A) the total amount of direct
costs of complying with the Federal
private sector mandates in the bill
or joint resolution; and
(B) the amount, if any, of
increase in authorization of
appropriations under existing
Federal financial assistance
programs, or of authorization of
appropriations for new Federal
financial assistance, provided by
the bill or joint resolution usable
by the private sector for the
activities subject to the Federal
private sector mandates.
(3) Estimate not feasible
If the Director determines that it is
not feasible to make a reasonable estimate
that would be required under paragraphs (1)
and (2), the Director shall not make the
estimate, but shall report in the statement
that the reasonable estimate cannot be made
and shall include the reasons for that
determination in the statement.
(c) Legislation falling below direct costs thresholds
If the Director estimates that the direct costs of a
Federal mandate will not equal or exceed the thresholds
specified in subsections (a) and (b), the Director shall so
state and shall briefly explain the basis of the estimate.
(d) Amended bills and joint resolutions; conference reports
If a bill or joint resolution is passed in an amended
form (including if passed by one House as an amendment in
the nature of a substitute for the text of a bill or joint
resolution from the other House) or is reported by a
committee of conference in amended form, and the amended
form contains a Federal mandate not previously considered by
either House or which contains an increase in the direct
cost of a previously considered Federal mandate, then the
committee of conference shall ensure, to the greatest extent
practicable, that the Director shall prepare a statement as
provided in this subsection or a supplemental statement for
the bill or joint resolution in that amended form. (Pub. L.
93-344, Title IV, Sec. 424, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I,
Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 55; amended Pub. L.
106-141, Sec. 2(b) Dec. 7, 1999, 113 Stat. 1699.)
299 Sec. 658d. Legislation subject to point of order
(a) In general \4\
\4\ Section 3203 of S. Con. Res. 11 (114th Congress)
established that this point of order is subject to
waiver and appeal by supermajority vote. The resolution
states: ``Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 425(a) of
the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 658d(a))
shall be subject to the waiver and appeal requirements
of subsections (c)(2) and (d)(3),respectively, of
section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2
U.S.C. 621 note).''
It shall not be in order in the Senate or the House of
Representatives to consider--
[[Page 283]]
(1) any bill or joint resolution that is
reported by a committee unless the committee has
published a statement of the Director on the
direct costs of Federal mandates in accordance
with section 658b(f) of this title before such
consideration, except this paragraph shall not
apply to any supplemental statement prepared by
the Director under section 658c(d) of this
title; and
(2) any bill, joint resolution, amendment,
motion, or conference report that would increase
the direct costs of Federal intergovernmental
mandates by an amount that causes the thresholds
specified in section 658c(a)(1) of this title to
be exceeded, unless--
(A) the bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report
provides new budget authority or new
entitlement authority in the House of
Representatives or direct spending authority
in the Senate for each fiscal year for such
mandates included in the bill, joint
resolution, amendment, motion, or conference
report in an amount equal to or exceeding
the direct costs of such mandate; or
(B) the bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report
includes an authorization for appropriations
in an amount equal to or exceeding the
direct costs of such mandate, and--
(i) identifies a specific dollar
amount of the direct costs of such
mandate for each year up to 10 years
during which such mandate shall be
in effect under the bill, joint
resolution, amendment, motion or
conference report, and such estimate
is consistent with the estimate
determined under subsection (e) for
each fiscal year;
(ii) identifies any
appropriation bill that is expected
to provide for Federal funding of
the direct cost referred to under
clause (i); and
(iii)(I) provides that for any
fiscal year the responsible Federal
agency shall determine whether there
are insufficient appropriations for
that fiscal year to provide for the
direct costs under clause (i) of
such mandate, and shall (no later
than 30 days after the beginning of
the fiscal year) notify the
appropriate authorizing committees
of Congress of the determination and
submit either--
(aa) a statement that
the agency has determined,
based on a re-estimate of
the direct costs of such
mandate, after consultation
with State, local, and
tribal governments, that the
amount appropriated is
sufficient to pay for the
direct costs of such
mandate; or
(bb) legislative
recommendations for either
implementing a less costly
mandate or making such
mandate ineffective for the
fiscal year;
(II) provides for expedited
procedures for the consideration of
the statement or legislative
recommendations referred to in
subclause (I) by Congress no later
than 30 days after the statement or
recommendations are submitted to
Congress; and
[[Page 284]]
(III) provides that such mandate
shall--
(aa) in the case of a
statement referred to in
subclause (I)(aa), cease to
be effective 60 days after
the statement is submitted
unless Congress has approved
the agency's determination
by joint resolution during
the 60-day period;
(bb) cease to be
effective 60 days after the
date the legislative
recommendations of the
responsible Federal agency
are submitted to Congress
under subclause (I)(bb)
unless Congress provides
otherwise by law; or
(cc) in the case that
such mandate that has not
yet taken effect, continue
not to be effective unless
Congress provides otherwise
by law.
(b) Rule of construction
The provisions of subsection (a)(2)(B)(iii) shall not be
construed to prohibit or otherwise restrict a State, local,
or tribal government from voluntarily electing to remain
subject to the original Federal intergovernmental mandate,
complying with the programmatic or financial
responsibilities of the original Federal intergovernmental
mandate and providing the funding necessary consistent with
the costs of Federal agency assistance, monitoring, and
enforcement.
(c) Committee on Appropriations
(1) Application
The provisions of subsection (a)--
(A) shall not apply to any bill or
resolution reported by the Committee on
Appropriations of the Senate or the House of
Representatives; except
(B) shall apply to--
(i) any legislative provision
increasing direct costs of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate contained
in any bill or resolution reported
by the Committee on Appropriations
of the Senate or House of
Representatives;
(ii) any legislative provision
increasing direct costs of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate contained
in any amendment offered to a bill
or resolution reported by the
Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate or House of Representatives;
(iii) any legislative provision
increasing direct costs of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate in a
conference report accompanying a
bill or resolution reported by the
Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate or House of Representatives;
and
(iv) any legislative provision
increasing direct costs of a Federal
intergovernmental mandate contained
in any amendments in disagreement
between the two Houses to any bill
or resolution reported by the
Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate or House of Representatives.
(2) Certain provisions stricken in Senate
Upon a point of order being made by any
Senator against any provision listed in
paragraph (1)(B), and the point of order being
sustained by the Chair, such specific provision
shall be deemed stricken from the bill,
resolution, amendment, amendment in dis
[[Page 285]]
agreement, or conference report and may not be
offered as an amendment from the floor.
(d) Determinations of applicability to pending legislation
For purposes of this section, in the Senate, the
presiding officer of the Senate shall consult with the
Committee on Governmental Affairs, to the extent
practicable, on questions concerning the applicability of
this part to a pending bill, joint resolution, amendment,
motion, or conference report.
(e) Determinations of Federal mandate levels
For purposes of this section, in the Senate, the levels
of Federal mandates for a fiscal year shall be determined
based on the estimates made by the Committee on the Budget.
(Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV, Sec. 425, as added Pub. L. 104-4,
Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 56.)
* * * * * * *
300 Sec. 658f. Requests to Congressional Budget Office from
Senators
At the written request of a Senator, the Director shall,
to the extent practicable, prepare an estimate of the direct
costs of a Federal intergovernmental mandate contained in an
amendment of such Senator. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV,
Sec. 427, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(2),
Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 59.)
301 Sec. 658g. Clarification of application
(a) In general
This part applies to any bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report that reauthorizes
appropriations, or that amends existing authorizations of
appropriations, to carry out any statute, or that otherwise
amends any statute, only if enactment of the bill, joint
resolution, amendment, motion, or conference report--
(1) would result in a net reduction in or
elimination of authorization of appropriations
for Federal financial assistance that would be
provided to State, local, or tribal governments
for use for the purpose of complying with any
Federal intergovernmental mandate, or to the
private sector for use to comply with any
Federal private sector mandate, and would not
eliminate or reduce duties established by the
Federal mandate by a corresponding amount; or
(2) would result in a net increase in the
aggregate amount of direct costs of Federal
intergovernmental mandates or Federal private
sector mandates other than as described in
paragraph (1).
(b) Direct costs
(1) In general
For purposes of this part, the direct cost
of the Federal mandates in a bill, joint
resolution, amendment, motion, or conference
report that reauthorizes appropriations, or that
amends existing authorizations of
appropriations, to carry out a statute, or that
otherwise amends any statute, means the net
increase, resulting from enactment of the bill,
joint resolution, amendment, motion, or
conference report, in the amount described under
paragraph (2)(A) over the amount described under
paragraph (2)(B).
[[Page 286]]
(2) Amounts
The amounts referred to under paragraph (1)
are--
(A) the aggregate amount of direct costs
of Federal mandates that would result under
the statute if the bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report is
enacted; and
(B) the aggregate amount of direct costs
of Federal mandates that would result under
the statute if the bill, joint resolution,
amendment, motion, or conference report were
not enacted.
(3) Extension of authorization of appropriations
For purposes of this section, in the case of
legislation to extend authorization of
appropriations, the authorization level that
would be provided by the extension shall be
compared to the authorization level for the last
year in which authorization of appropriations is
already provided. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title IV,
Sec. 428, as added Pub. L. 104-4, Title I,
Sec. 101(a)(2), Mar. 22, 1995, 109 Stat. 59.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 17B--IMPOUNDMENT CONTROL
Subchapter I.--General Provisions
302 Sec. 681. Disclaimer.
Nothing contained in this Act, or in any amendments made
by this Act, shall be construed as--
(1) asserting or conceding the
constitutional powers or limitations of either
the Congress or the President;
(2) ratifying or approving any impoundment
heretofore or hereafter executed or approved by
the President or any other Federal officer or
employee, except insofar as pursuant to
statutory authorization then in effect;
(3) affecting in any way the claims or
defenses of any party to litigation concerning
any impoundment; or
(4) superseding any provision of law which
requires the obligation of budget authority or
the making of outlays thereunder. (Pub. L. 93-
344, Title X, Sec. 1001, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat.
332.)
Subchapter II.--Congressional Consideration of Proposed
Recissions, Reservations, and Deferrals of Budget Authority
303 Sec. 682. Definitions
For purposes of sections 682 to 688 of this title--
(1) ``deferral of budget authority''
includes--
(A) withholding or delaying the
obligation or expenditure of budget
authority (whether by establishing reserves
or otherwise) provided for projects or
activities; or
(B) any other type of Executive action
or inaction which effectively precludes the
obligation or expenditure of budget
authority, including authority to obligate
by contract in advance of appropriations as
specifically authorized by law;
(2) ``Comptroller General'' means the
Comptroller General of the United States;
(3) ``rescission bill'' means a bill or
joint resolution which only rescinds, in whole
or in part, budget authority proposed to be
rescinded in a special message transmitted by
the President under
[[Page 287]]
section 683 of this title, and upon which the
Congress completes action before the end of the
first period of 45 calendar days of continuous
session of the Congress after the date on which
the President's message is received by the
Congress;
(4) ``impoundment resolution'' means a
resolution of the House of Representatives or
the Senate which only expresses its disapproval
of a proposed deferral of budget authority set
forth in a special message transmitted by the
President under section 684 of this title; and
(5) continuity of a session of the Congress
shall be considered as broken only by an
adjournment of the Congress sine die, and the
days on which either House is not in session
because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to
a day certain shall be excluded in the
computation of the 45-day period referred to in
paragraph (3) of this section and in section 683
of this title, and the 25-day periods referred
to in sections 687 and 688(b)(1) of this title.
If a special message is transmitted under
section 683 of this title during any Congress
and the last session of such Congress adjourns
sine die before the expiration of 45 calendar
days of continuous session (or a special message
is so transmitted after the last session of the
Congress adjourns sine die), the message shall
be deemed to have been retransmitted on the
first day of the succeeding Congress and the 45-
day period referred to in paragraph (3) of this
section and in section 683 of this title (with
respect to such message) shall commence on the
day after such first day. (Pub. L. 93-344, Title
X, Sec. 1011, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 333.)
304 Sec. 683. Rescission of budget authority
(a) Transmittal of special message
Whenever the President determines that all or part of
any budget authority will not be required to carry out the
full objectives or scope of programs for which it is
provided or that such budget authority should be rescinded
for fiscal policy or other reasons (including the
termination of authorized projects or activities for which
budget authority has been provided), or whenever all or part
of budget authority provided for only one fiscal year is to
be reserved from obligation for such fiscal year, the
President shall transmit to both Houses of Congress a
special message specifying--
(1) the amount of budget authority which he
proposes to be rescinded or which is to be so
reserved;
(2) any account, department, or
establishment of the Government to which such
budget authority is available for obligation,
and the specific project or governmental
functions involved;
(3) the reasons why the budget authority
should be rescinded or is to be so reserved;
(4) to the maximum extent practicable, the
estimated fiscal, economic, and budgetary effect
of the proposed rescission or of the
reservation; and
(5) all facts, circumstances, and
considerations relating to or bearing upon the
proposed rescission or the reservation and the
decision to effect the proposed rescission or
the reservation, and to the maximum extent
practicable, the estimated effect of the
proposed rescis
[[Page 288]]
sion or the reservation upon the objects,
purposes, and programs for which the budget
authority is provided.
(b) Requirement to make available for obligation
Any amount of budget authority proposed to be rescinded
or that is to be reserved as set forth in such special
message shall be made available for obligation unless,
within the prescribed 45-day period, the Congress has
completed action on a rescission bill rescinding all or part
of the amount proposed to be rescinded or that is to be
reserved. Funds made available for obligation under this
procedure may not be proposed for rescission again. (Pub. L.
93-344, Title X, Sec. 1012, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 333;
Pub. L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 207, Sept. 29, 1987, 101
Stat. 786.)
305 Sec. 684. Proposed deferrals of budget authority
(a) Transmittal of special message
Whenever the President, the Director of the Office of
Management and Budget, the head of any department or agency
of the United States, or any officer or employee of the
United States proposes to defer any budget authority
provided for a specific purpose or project, the President
shall transmit to the House of Representatives and the
Senate a special message specifying--
(1) the amount of the budget authority
proposed to be deferred;
(2) any account, department, or
establishment of the Government to which such
budget authority is available for obligation,
and the specific projects or governmental
functions involved;
(3) the period of time during which the
budget authority is proposed to be deferred;
(4) the reasons for the proposed deferral,
including any legal authority invoked to justify
the proposed deferral;
(5) to the maximum extent practicable, the
estimated fiscal, economic, and budgetary effect
of the proposed deferral; and
(6) all facts, circumstances, and
considerations relating to or bearing upon the
proposed deferral and the decision to effect the
proposed deferral, including an analysis of such
facts, circumstances, and considerations in
terms of their application to any legal
authority, including specific elements of legal
authority, invoked to justify such proposed
deferral, and to the maximum extent practicable,
the estimated effect of the proposed deferral
upon the objects, purposes, and programs for
which the budget authority is provided.
A special message may include one or more proposed
deferrals of budget authority. A deferral may not be
proposed for any period of time extending beyond the end of
the fiscal year in which the special message proposing the
deferral is transmitted to the House and the Senate.
(b) Consistency with legislative policy
Deferrals shall be permissible only--
(1) to provide for contingencies;
(2) to achieve savings made possible by or
through changes in requirements or greater
efficiency of operations; or
(3) as specifically provided by law.
No officer or employee of the United States may defer
any budget authority for any other purpose.
[[Page 289]]
(c) Exception
The provisions of this section do not apply to any
budget authority proposed to be rescinded or that is to be
reserved as set forth in a special message required to be
transmitted under section 683 of this title. (Pub. L. 93-
344, Title X, Sec. 1013, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 334; Pub.
L. 100-119, Title II, Sec. 206(a), Sept. 29, 1987, 101 Stat.
785.)
* * * * * * *
306 Sec. 688. Procedure in House of Representatives and Senate
(a) Referral
Any rescission bill introduced with respect to a special
message or impoundment resolution introduced with respect to
a proposed deferral of budget authority shall be referred to
the appropriate committee of the House of Representatives or
the Senate, as the case may be.
(b) Discharge of committee
(1) If the committee to which a rescission bill or
impoundment resolution has been referred has not reported it
at the end of 25 calendar days of continuous session of the
Congress after its introduction, it is in order to move
either to discharge the committee from further consideration
of the bill or resolution or to discharge the committee from
further consideration of any other rescission bill with
respect to the same special message or impoundment
resolution with respect to the same proposed deferral, as
the case may be, which has been referred to the committee.
(2) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the bill or resolution, may be made only
if supported by one-fifth of the Members of the House
involved (a quorum being present), and is highly privileged
in the House and privileged in the Senate (except that it
may not be made after the committee has reported a bill or
resolution with respect to the same special message or the
same proposed deferral, as the case may be); and debate
thereon shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, the time
to be divided in the House equally between those favoring
and those opposing the bill or resolution, and to be divided
in the Senate equally between, and controlled by, the
majority leader and the minority leader or their designees.
An amendment to the motion is not in order, and it is not in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to.
(c) Floor consideration in House
(1) When the committee of the House of Representatives
has reported, or has been discharged from further
consideration of, a rescission bill or impoundment
resolution, it shall at any time thereafter be in order
(even though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the
bill or resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged
and not debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be
in order, nor shall it be in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(2) Debate on a rescission bill or impoundment
resolution shall be limited to not more than 2 hours, which
shall be divided equally between those favoring and those
opposing the bill or resolution. A motion further
[[Page 290]]
to limit debate shall not be debatable. In the case of an
impoundment resolution, no amendment to, or motion to
recommit, the resolution shall be in order. It shall not be
in order to move to reconsider the vote by which a
rescission bill or impoundment resolution is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(3) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
consideration of a rescission bill or impoundment
resolution, and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(4) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating
to the application of the Rules of the House of
Representatives to the procedure relating to any rescission
bill or impoundment resolution shall be decided without
debate.
(5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the
preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of
any rescission bill or impoundment resolution and amendments
thereto (or any conference report thereon) shall be governed
by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to
other bills and resolutions, amendments, and conference
reports in similar circumstances.
(d) Floor consideration in Senate
(1) Debate in the Senate on any rescission bill or
impoundment resolution, and all amendments thereto (in the
case of a rescission bill) and debatable motions and appeals
in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than
10 hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader
or their designees.
(2) Debate in the Senate on any amendment to a
rescission bill shall be limited to 2 hours, to be equally
divided between, and controlled by, the mover and the
manager of the bill. Debate on any amendment to an
amendment, to such a bill, and debate on any debatable
motion or appeal in connection with such a bill or an
impoundment resolution shall be limited to 1 hour, to be
equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and
the manager of the bill or resolution, except that in the
event the manager of the bill or resolution is in favor of
any such amendment, motion, or appeal, the time in
opposition thereto, shall be controlled by the minority
leader or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to
the provisions of a rescission bill shall be received. Such
leaders, or either of them, may, from the time under their
control on the passage of a rescission bill or impoundment
resolution, allot additional time to any Senator during the
consideration of any amendment, debatable motion, or appeal.
(3) A motion to further limit debate is not debatable.
In the case of a rescission bill, a motion to recommit
(except a motion to recommit with instructions to report
back within a specified number of days, not to exceed 3, not
counting any day on which the Senate is not in session) is
not in order. Debate on any such motion to recommit shall be
limited to one hour, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the manager of the concurrent
resolution. In the case of an impoundment resolution, no
amendment or motion to recommit is in order.
(4) The conference report on any rescission bill shall
be in order in the Senate at any time after the third day
(excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) following
the day on which such a conference report is reported and is
available to Members of the Senate.
[[Page 291]]
A motion to proceed to the consideration of the conference
report may be made even though a previous motion to the same
effect has been disagreed to.
(5) During the consideration in the Senate of the
conference report on any rescission bill, debate shall be
limited to 2 hours to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and minority leader or
their designees. Debate on any debatable motion or appeal
related to the conference report shall be limited to 30
minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by,
the mover and the manager of the conference report.
(6) Should the conference report be defeated, debate on
any request for a new conference and the appointment of
conferees shall be limited to one hour, to be equally
divided between, and controlled by, the manager of the
conference report and the minority leader or his designee,
and should any motion be made to instruct the conferees
before the conferees are named, debate on such motion shall
be limited to 30 minutes, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the manager of the conference
report. Debate on any amendment to any such instructions
shall be limited to 20 minutes, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the
conference report. In all cases when the manager of the
conference report is in favor of any motion, appeal, or
amendment, the time in opposition shall be under the control
of the minority leader or his designee.
(7) In any case in which there are amendments in
disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30
minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by,
the manager of the conference report and the minority leader
or his designee. No amendment that is not germane to the
provisions of such amendments shall be received. (Pub. L.
93-344, Title X, Sec. 1017, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 337.)
NOTE
Supermajority Waiver and Appeal
(b) Any provision of Title III or IV may be waived or
suspended in the Senate by a majority vote of the Members
voting, a quorum being present, or by the unanimous consent
of the Senate.
(c) Waivers.--
(1) Permanent.--Sections 305(b)(2),
305(c)(4), 306, 310(d)(2), 313, 904(c), and
904(d) of this Act may be waived or suspended in
the Senate only by the affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and
sworn.
(2) Temporary.--Sections 301(i), 302(c),
302(f), 310(g), 311(a), 312(b), and 312(c) of
this Act and sections 258(a)(4)(C),
258A(b)(3)(C)(I)\5\, 258B(f)(1), 258B(h)(1),
258(h)(3)\6\, 258C(a)(5), and 258C(b)(1) of the
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control
Act of 1985 may be waived or suspended in the
Senate only by the affirmative vote of three-
fifths of the Members, duly chosen and sworn.
\5\ So in law. Probably should read
``258A(b)(3)(C)(i)''.
\6\ So in law. Probably should read ``258B(h)(3)''.
(d) Appeals.--
[[Page 292]]
(1) Procedure.--Appeals in the Senate from
the decisions of the Chair relating to any
provision of Title III or IV or section 1017
shall, except as otherwise provided therein, be
limited to 1 hour, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the
manager of the resolution, concurrent
resolution, reconciliation bill, or rescission
bill, as the case may be.
(2) Permanent.--An affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and
sworn, shall be required in the Senate to
sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on
a point of order raised under sections
305(b)(2), 305(c)(4), 306, 310(d)(2), 313,
904(c), and 904(d) of this Act.
(3) Temporary.--An affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members, duly chosen and
sworn, shall be required in the Senate to
sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on
a point of order raised under sections 301(i),
302(c), 302(f), 310(g), 311(a), 312(b), and
312(c) of this Act and sections 258(a)(4)(C),
258A(b)(3)(C)(I) , 258B(f)(1), 258B(h)(1),
258(h)(3) , 258C(a)(5), and 258C(b)(1) of the
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control
Act of 1985.
(e) Expiration of Certain Supermajority Voting
Requirements.--Subsections (c)(2) and (d)(3) shall expire on
September 30, 2002.
(2 U.S.C. 621 note.)\7\
\7\ Section 3201 of S. Con. Res. 11 (114th Congress)
extended this expiration date. The resolution states:
``Notwithstanding any provision of the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 621 et seq.), subsections
(c)(2) and (d)(3) of section 904 of the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 621 note) shall remain in
effect for purposes of Senate enforcement through
September 30, 2025.''
Referral of matters dealing with rescissions and deferrals.
On January 30, 1975, the Senate agreed to the following
resolution, which provides for the referral of matters
dealing with rescissions and deferrals:
Resolved (1) That messages received pursuant to Title X
of the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act [2
U.S.C. 681-2 U.S.C. 688] be referred concurrently to the
Appropriations Committee, to the Budget Committee, and to
any other appropriate authorizing committee.
(2) That bills, resolutions, and joint resolutions
introduced with respect to rescissions and deferrals shall
be referred to the Appropriations Committee, the Budget
Committee, and pending implementation of section 410 of the
Congressional Budget Impoundment Control Act [should be
section 401, 2 U.S.C. 651] and subject to section 401(d) [2
U.S.C. 651(d)], to any other committee exercising
jurisdiction over contract and borrowing authority programs
as defined by section 401(c)(2) (A) and (B) [2 U.S.C.
651(c)(2) (A) and (B)]. The Budget Committee and such other
Committees shall report their views, if any, to the
Appropriations Committee within 20 days following referral
of such bills, resolutions, or joint resolutions. The Budget
Committee's consideration shall extend only to macroeconomic
implications, impact on priorities and aggregate spending
levels, and the legality of the President's use of the
deferral and rescissions mechanism under Title X. The
Appropriations and authorizing committees shall exercise
their normal responsibilities over programs and priorities.
(3) If any Committee to which a bill or resolution has
been referred recommends its passage, the Appropriations
Committee shall report that
[[Page 293]]
bill or resolution together with its views and reports of
the Budget and any appropriate authorizing committees to the
Senate within:
(A) the time remaining under the Act in the
case of rescissions, or
(B) within 20 days in the case of deferrals.
(4) The 20 day period referred to herein means 20
calendar days; and for the purposes of computing the 20
days, recesses or adjournments of the Senate for more than 3
days to a day certain shall not be counted; and for recesses
and adjournments of more than 30 calendar days, continuous
duration or the sine die adjournment of a session, the 20
day period shall begin anew on the day following the
reconvening of the Senate. (S. Res. 45, 94-1, Jan. 30, 1975,
121 Cong. Rec. 1917, amended by unanimous consent, Apr. 11,
1986, Cong. Rec., p. 4157, daily ed.).
Joint referral of legislation affecting the budget process.
On August 4, 1977, the Senate agreed to an order
providing that legislation affecting the congressional
budget process be referred jointly to the Committee on the
Budget and the Committee on Governmental Affairs and that,
if one committee reports a jointly referred measure, the
other must act on the measure within 30 calendar days of
continuous possession or be automatically discharged from
further consideration of the measure:
Legislative proposals affecting the congressional budget
process to which this order applies are:
First. The functions, duties, and powers of the Budget
Committee--as described in Title I of the . . .
[Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974];
Second. The functions, duties, and powers of the
Congressional Budget Office--as described in Titles II and
IV of the Act [2 U.S.C. 601-603; 2 U.S.C. 651-653];
Third. The process by which Congress annually
establishes the appropriate levels of budget authority,
outlays, revenues, deficits or surpluses, and public debt--
including subdivisions thereof. That process includes the
establishment of: mandatory ceilings on spending and
appropriations; a floor on revenues; timetables for
congressional action on concurrent resolutions, on the
reporting of authorization bills, and on the enactment of
appropriation bills; and enforcement mechanisms for the
limits and timetables, all as described in Title III and IV
of the act [2 U.S.C. 631-641; 2 U.S.C. 651-653].
Fourth. The limiting of backdoor spending devices--as
described in Title IV of the act [2 U.S.C. 651-653];
Fifth. The timetables for Presidential submission of
appropriations and authorization requests--as described in
Title VI of the act [repealed, with portions being codified
in sections 1105, 1109, and 1110 of Title 31, United States
Code];
Sixth. The definitions of what constitutes impoundment--
such as ``rescissions'' and ``deferrals,'' as provided in
the Impoundment Control Act, Title X [2 U.S.C. 681-688];
Seventh. The process and determination by which
impoundments must be reported to and considered by
Congress--as provided in the Impoundment Control Act, Title
X [2 U.S.C. 681-688];
Eighth. The mechanisms to insure Executive compliance
with the provisions of the Impoundment Control Act, Title X
[2 U.S.C. 681-688]--such as GAO review and lawsuits; and
[[Page 294]]
Ninth. The provisions which affect the content or
determination of amounts included in or excluded from the
congressional budget or the calculation of such amounts,
including the definition of terms provided by the Budget
Act--as set forth in Title I thereof [2 U.S.C. 622]. (By
unanimous consent, Aug. 4, 1977; Cong. Rec., p. S13553,
daily ed.)
Constitutionality of Line Item Veto
The United States Supreme Court, in Clinton v. City of
New York, 524 U.S. 811, 118 S.Ct. 2091, 141 L.Ed. 2d 393
(1998), found that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, Pub. L.
104-130, April 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1200, which is classified
generally to Subchapter III of Chapter 17B (section 691 et
seq.) of Title 2 was unconstitutional as a violation of the
Presentment Clause of the United States Constitution (USCA
Const. Art. I Sec. 7, cl. 2).
Chapter 20--EMERGENCY POWERS TO ELIMINATE BUDGET DEFICITS
307 Sec. 907a. Suspension in event of war or low growth
(a) Procedures in event of low-growth report
(1) Trigger
Whenever CBO issues a low-growth report
under section 254(i) [2 U.S.C. 904(i)], the
Majority Leader of the House of
Representatives may, and the Majority Leader
of the Senate shall, introduce a joint
resolution (in the form set forth in
paragraph (2)) declaring that the conditions
specified in section 254(i) are met and
suspending the relevant provisions of this
title, titles III and VI of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C.
631 et seq.], and section 1103 of title 31.
(2) Form of joint resolution
(A) The matter after the resolving clause in
any joint resolution introduced pursuant to
paragraph (1) shall be as follows: ``That the
Congress declares that the conditions specified
in section 254(j) of the Balanced Budget and
Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 are met,
and the implementation of the Congressional
Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974,
chapter 11 of title 31, United States Code, and
part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency
Deficit Control Act of 1985 are modified as
described in section 258(b) of the Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of
1985.''
(B) The title of the joint resolution shall
be ``Joint resolution suspending certain
provisions of law pursuant to section 258(a)(2)
of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985.''; and the joint resolution
shall not contain any preamble.
(3) Committee action
Each joint resolution introduced
pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be referred
to the appropriate committees of the House
of Representatives or the Committee on the
Budget of the Senate, as the case may be;
and such Committee shall report the joint
resolution to its House without amendment on
or before the fifth day on which such House
is in session after the date on which the
joint resolution is introduced. If the
Committee fails to report the joint
resolution within the five-day period
referred to in the preceding sentence, it
shall be automatically
[[Page 295]]
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution, and the joint resolution
shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
(4) Consideration of joint resolution
(A) A vote on final passage of a joint
resolution reported to the Senate or discharged
pursuant to paragraph (3) shall be taken on or
before the close of the fifth calendar day of
session after the date on which the joint
resolution is reported or after the Committee
has been discharged from further consideration
of the joint resolution. If prior to the passage
by one House of a joint resolution of that
House, that House receives the same joint
resolution from the other House, then--
(i) the procedure in that House
shall be the same as if no such
joint resolution had been received
from the other House, but
(ii) the vote on final passage
shall be on the joint resolution of
the other House. When the joint
resolution is agreed to, the Clerk
of the House of Representatives (in
the case of a House joint resolution
agreed to in the House of
Representatives) or the Secretary of
the Senate (in the case of a Senate
joint resolution agreed to in the
Senate) shall cause the joint
resolution to be engrossed,
certified, and transmitted to the
other House of the Congress as soon
as practicable.
(B)(i) In the Senate, a joint resolution
under this paragraph shall be privileged. It
shall not be in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(ii) Debate in the Senate on a
joint resolution under this
paragraph, and all debatable motions
and appeals in connection therewith,
shall be limited to not more than
five hours. The time shall be
equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader
and the minority leader or their
designees.
(iii) Debate in the Senate on
any debatable motion or appeal in
connection with a joint resolution
under this paragraph shall be
limited to not more than one hour,
to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the
manager of the joint resolution,
except that in the event the manager
of the joint resolution is in favor
of any such motion or appeal, the
time in opposition thereto shall be
controlled by the minority leader or
his designee.
(iv) A motion in the Senate to
further limit debate on a joint
resolution under this paragraph is
not debatable. A motion to table or
to recommit a joint resolution under
this paragraph is not in order.
(C) No amendment to a joint resolution
considered under this paragraph shall be in
order in the Senate.
(b) Suspension of sequestration procedures
Upon the enactment of a declaration of
war or a joint resolution described in
subsection (a)--
(1) the subsequent issuance of any sequestration report
or any sequestration order is precluded;
[[Page 296]]
(2) sections 302(f), 310(d), 311(a), and title VI of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 633(f), 641(d),
642(a)] are suspended; and
(3) section 1103 of title 31 is suspended.
(c) Restoration of sequestration procedures
(1) In the event of a suspension of sequestration
procedures due to a declaration of war, then, effective with
the first fiscal year that begins in the session after the
state of war is concluded by Senate ratification of the
necessary treaties, the provisions of subsection (b)
triggered by that declaration of war are no longer
effective.
(2) In the event of a suspension of sequestration
procedures due to the enactment of a joint resolution
described in subsection (a), then, effective with regard to
the first fiscal year beginning at least 12 months after the
enactment of that resolution, the provisions of subsection
(b) triggered by that resolution are no longer effective.
(Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 258, as added Pub. L. 101-
508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat.
1388-593; amended Pub. L. 113-67, div. A, Title I,
Sec. 121(10), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1175.)
308 Sec. 907b. Modification of Presidential order
(a) Introduction of joint resolution
At any time after the Director of OMB
issues a final sequestration report under
section 904 of this title for a fiscal year,
but before the close of the twentieth
calendar day of the session of Congress
beginning after the date of issuance of such
report, the majority leader of either House
of Congress may introduce a joint resolution
which contains provisions directing the
President to modify the most recent order
issued under section 904 of this title or
provide an alternative to reduce the deficit
for such fiscal year. After the introduction
of the first such joint resolution in either
House of Congress in any calendar year, then
no other joint resolution introduced in such
House in such calendar year shall be subject
to the procedures set forth in this section.
(b) Procedures for consideration of joint resolutions
(1) Referral to committee
A joint resolution introduced in the
Senate under subsection (a) shall not be
referred to a committee of the Senate and
shall be placed on the calendar pending
disposition of such joint resolution in
accordance with this subsection.
(2) Consideration in Senate
On or after the third calendar day
(excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal
holidays) beginning after a joint resolution
is introduced under subsection (a),
notwithstanding any rule or precedent of the
Senate, including Rule XXII of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, it is in order (even
though a previous motion to the same effect
has been disagreed to) for any Member of the
Senate to move to proceed to the
consideration of the joint resolution. The
motion is not in order after the eighth
calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays,
and legal holidays) beginning after a joint
resolution (to which the motion applies) is
introduced. The joint resolution is
privileged in the Senate. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed
[[Page 297]]
to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If
a motion to proceed to the consideration of
the joint resolution is agreed to, the
Senate shall immediately proceed to
consideration of the joint resolution
without intervening motion, order, or other
business, and the joint resolution shall
remain the unfinished business of the Senate
until disposed of.
(3) Debate in Senate
(A) In the Senate, debate on a joint
resolution introduced under subsection (a),
amendments thereto, and all debatable motions
and appeals in connection therewith shall be
limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall
be divided equally between the majority leader
and the minority leader (or their designees).
(B) A motion to postpone, or a motion to
proceed to the consideration of other business
is not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote
by which the joint resolution is agreed to or
disagreed to is not in order, and a motion to
recommit the joint resolution is not in order.
(C)(i) No amendment that is not germane to
the provisions of the joint resolution or to the
order issued under section 904 of this title
shall be in order in the Senate. In the Senate,
an amendment, any amendment to an amendment, or
any debatable motion or appeal is debatable for
not to exceed 30 minutes to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the
majority leader (or their designees), except
that in the event that the majority leader
favors the amendment, motion, or appeal, the
minority leader (or the minority leader's
designee) shall control the time in opposition
to the amendment, motion, or appeal.
(ii) In the Senate, an amendment
that is otherwise in order shall be
in order notwithstanding the fact
that it amends the joint resolution
in more than one place or amends
language previously amended. It
shall not be in order in the Senate
to vote on the question of agreeing
to such a joint resolution or any
amendment thereto unless the figures
then contained in such joint
resolution or amendment are
mathematically consistent.
(4) Vote on final passage
Immediately following the conclusion of
the debate on a joint resolution introduced
under subsection (a), a single quorum call
at the conclusion of the debate if requested
in accordance with the rules of the Senate,
and the disposition of any pending
amendments under paragraph (3), the vote on
final passage of the joint resolution shall
occur.
(5) Appeals
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair
shall be decided without debate.
(6) Conference reports
In the Senate, points of order under
titles III, IV, and VI 1 of the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C.
631 et seq., 651 et seq.] are applicable to
a conference report on the joint resolution
or any amendments in disagreement thereto.
(7) Resolution from other House
If, before the passage by the Senate of
a joint resolution of the Senate introduced
under subsection (a), the Senate re
[[Page 298]]
ceives from the House of Representatives a
joint resolution introduced under subsection
(a), then the following procedures shall
apply:
(A) The joint resolution of the House of
Representatives shall not be referred to a
committee and shall be placed on the calendar.
(B) With respect to a joint resolution
introduced under subsection (a) in the Senate--
(i) the procedure in the Senate
shall be the same as if no joint
resolution had been received from
the House; but
(ii)(I) the vote on final
passage shall be on the joint
resolution of the House if it is
identical to the joint resolution
then pending for passage in the
Senate; or
(II) if the joint resolution
from the House is not identical to
the joint resolution then pending
for passage in the Senate and the
Senate then passes the Senate joint
resolution, the Senate shall be
considered to have passed the House
joint resolution as amended by the
text of the Senate joint resolution.
(C) Upon disposition of the joint resolution
received from the House, it shall no longer be
in order to consider the resolution originated
in the Senate.
(8) Senate action on House resolution
If the Senate receives from the House of
Representatives a joint resolution
introduced under subsection (a) after the
Senate has disposed of a Senate originated
resolution which is identical to the House
passed joint resolution, the action of the
Senate with regard to the disposition of the
Senate originated joint resolution shall be
deemed to be the action of the Senate with
regard to the House originated joint
resolution. If it is not identical to the
House passed joint resolution, then the
Senate shall be considered to have passed
the joint resolution of the House as amended
by the text of the Senate joint resolution.
(Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 258A, as
added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
Sec. 13101(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
595.)
309 Sec. 907c. Flexibility among defense programs, projects, and
activities
(a) Reductions beyond amount specified in Presidential order
Subject to subsections (b), (c), and
(d), new budget authority and unobligated
balances for any programs, projects, or
activities within major functional category
050 (other than a military personnel
account) may be further reduced beyond the
amount specified in an order issued by the
President under section 904 of this title
for such fiscal year. To the extent such
additional reductions are made and result in
additional outlay reductions, the President
may provide for lesser reductions in new
budget authority and unobligated balances
for other programs, projects, or activities
within major functional category 050 for
such fiscal year, but only to the extent
that the resulting outlay increases do not
exceed the additional outlay reductions, and
no such program, project, or activity may be
increased above the level actually made
available by law in appropriation Acts
(before
[[Page 299]]
taking sequestration into account). In
making calculations under this subsection,
the President shall use account outlay rates
that are identical to those used in the
report by the Director of OMB under section
904 of this title.
(b) Base closures prohibited
No actions taken by the President under
subsection (a) for a fiscal year may result
in a domestic base closure or realignment
that would otherwise be subject to section
2687 of title 10.
(c) Report and joint resolution required
The President may not exercise the
authority provided by this paragraph for a
fiscal year unless--
(1) the President submits a single report to Congress
specifying, for each account, the detailed changes proposed
to be made for such fiscal year pursuant to this section;
(2) that report is submitted within 5 calendar days of
the start of the next session of Congress; and
(3) a joint resolution affirming or modifying the
changes proposed by the President pursuant to this paragraph
becomes law.
(d) Introduction of joint resolution
Within 5 calendar days of session after
the President submits a report to Congress
under subsection (c)(1) for a fiscal year,
the majority leader of each House of
Congress shall (by request) introduce a
joint resolution which contains provisions
affirming the changes proposed by the
President pursuant to this paragraph.
(e) Form and title of joint resolution
(1) The matter after the resolving clause in any joint
resolution introduced pursuant to subsection (d) shall be as
follows: ``That the report of the President as submitted on
[Insert Date] under section 258B is hereby approved.''
(2) The title of the joint resolution shall be ``Joint
resolution approving the report of the President submitted
under section 258B of the Balanced Budget and Emergency
Deficit Control Act of 1985.''
(3) Such joint resolution shall not contain any
preamble.
(f) Calendaring and consideration of joint resolution in
Senate
(1) A joint resolution introduced in the Senate under
subsection (d) shall be referred to the Committee on
Appropriations, and if not reported within 5 calendar days
(excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) from the
date of introduction shall be considered as having been
discharged therefrom and shall be placed on the appropriate
calendar pending disposition of such joint resolution in
accordance with this subsection. In the Senate, no amendment
proposed in the Committee on Appropriations shall be in
order other than an amendment (in the nature of a
substitute) that is germane or relevant to the provisions of
the joint resolution or to the order issued under section
904 of this title. For purposes of this paragraph, an
amendment shall be considered to be relevant if it relates
to function 050 (national defense).
(2) On or after the third calendar day (excluding
Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) beginning after a
joint resolution is placed on the
[[Page 300]]
Senate calendar, notwithstanding any rule or precedent of
the Senate, including Rule XXII of the Standing Rules of the
Senate, it is in order (even though a previous motion to the
same effect has been disagreed to) for any Member of the
Senate to move to proceed to the consideration of the joint
resolution. The motion is not in order after the eighth
calendar day (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal
holidays) beginning after such joint resolution is placed on
the appropriate calendar. The motion is not debatable. The
joint resolution is privileged in the Senate. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed
to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to,
the Senate shall immediately proceed to consideration of the
joint resolution without intervening motion, order, or other
business, and the joint resolution shall remain the
unfinished business of the Senate until disposed of.
(g) Debate of joint resolution; motions
(1) In the Senate, debate on a joint resolution
introduced under subsection (d), amendments thereto, and all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith shall
be limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided
equally between the majority leader and the minority leader
(or their designees).
(2) A motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the
consideration of other business is not in order. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the joint resolution is agreed
to or disagreed to is not in order. In the Senate, a motion
to recommit the joint resolution is not in order.
(h) Amendment of joint resolution
(1) No amendment that is not germane or relevant to the
provisions of the joint resolution or to the order issued
under section 904 of this title shall be in order in the
Senate. For purposes of this paragraph, an amendment shall
be considered to be relevant if it relates to function 050
(national defense). In the Senate, an amendment, any
amendment to an amendment, or any debatable motion or appeal
is debatable for not to exceed 30 minutes to be equally
divided between, and controlled by, the mover and the
majority leader (or their designees), except that in the
event that the majority leader favors the amendment, motion,
or appeal, the minority leader (or the minority leader's
designee) shall control the time in opposition to the
amendment, motion, or appeal.
(2) In the Senate, an amendment that is otherwise in
order shall be in order notwithstanding the fact that it
amends the joint resolution in more than one place or amends
language previously amended, so long as the amendment makes
or maintains mathematical consistency. It shall not be in
order in the Senate to vote on the question of agreeing to
such a joint resolution or any amendment thereto unless the
figures then contained in such joint resolution or amendment
are mathematically consistent.
(3) It shall not be in order in the Senate to consider
any amendment to any joint resolution introduced under
subsection (d) or any conference report thereon if such
amendment or conference report would have the effect of
decreasing any specific budget outlay reductions below the
level of such outlay reductions provided in such joint
resolution unless such amendment or conference report makes
a reduction in other specific budget outlays at least
equivalent to any increase in outlays provided by such
amendment or conference report.
[[Page 301]]
(4) For purposes of the application of paragraph (3),
the level of outlays and specific budget outlay reductions
provided in an amendment shall be determined on the basis of
estimates made by the Committee on the Budget of the Senate.
(i) Vote on final passage of joint resolution
Immediately following the conclusion of
the debate on a joint resolution introduced
under subsection (d), a single quorum call
at the conclusion of the debate if requested
in accordance with the rules of the Senate,
and the disposition of any pending
amendments under subsection (h), the vote on
final passage of the joint resolution shall
occur.
(j) Appeal from decision of Chair
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair
relating to the application of the rules of
the Senate to the procedure relating to a
joint resolution described in subsection (d)
shall be decided without debate.
(k) Conference reports
In the Senate, points of order under
titles III and IV of the Congressional
Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 631 et seq.,
651 et seq.] (including points of order
under sections 302(c), 303(a), 306, and
401(b)(1) [2 U.S.C. 633(c), 634(a), 637,
651(b)(1)]) are applicable to a conference
report on the joint resolution or any
amendments in disagreement thereto.
(l) Resolution from other House
If, before the passage by the Senate of
a joint resolution of the Senate introduced
under subsection (d), the Senate receives
from the House of Representatives a joint
resolution introduced under subsection (d),
then the following procedures shall apply:
(1) The joint resolution of the House of Representatives
shall not be referred to a committee.
(2) With respect to a joint resolution introduced under
subsection (d) in the Senate--
(A) the procedure in the Senate shall be the
same as if no joint resolution had been received
from the House; but
(B)(i) the vote on final passage shall be on
the joint resolution of the House if it is
identical to the joint resolution then pending
for passage in the Senate; or
(ii) if the joint resolution
from the House is not identical to
the joint resolution then pending
for passage in the Senate and the
Senate then passes the Senate joint
resolution, the Senate shall be
considered to have passed the House
joint resolution as amended by the
text of the Senate joint resolution.
(3) Upon disposition of the joint resolution received
from the House, it shall no longer be in order to consider
the joint resolution originated in the Senate.
(m) Senate action on House resolution
If the Senate receives from the House of
Representatives a joint resolution
introduced under subsection (d) after the
Senate
[[Page 302]]
has disposed of a Senate originated joint
resolution which is identical to the House
passed joint resolution, the action of the
Senate with regard to the disposition of the
Senate originated joint resolution shall be
deemed to be the action of the Senate with
regard to the House originated joint
resolution. If it is not identical to the
House passed joint resolution, then the
Senate shall be considered to have passed
the joint resolution of the House as amended
by the text of the Senate joint resolution.
(Pub. L. 99-177, Title II, Sec. 258B, as
added Pub. L. 101-508, Title XIII,
Sec. 13101(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-
597.)
310 Sec. 907d. Special reconciliation process
(a) Reporting of resolutions and reconciliation bills and
resolutions, in Senate
(1) Committee alternatives to Presidential order
After the submission of an OMB
sequestration update report under section
904 of this title that envisions a
sequestration under section 902 or 903 of
this title, each standing committee of the
Senate may, not later than October 10,
submit to the Committee on the Budget of the
Senate information of the type described in
section 632(d) of this title with respect to
alternatives to the order envisioned by such
report insofar as such order affects laws
within the jurisdiction of the committee.
(2) Initial Budget Committee action
After the submission of such a report,
the Committee on the Budget of the Senate
may, not later than October 15, report to
the Senate a resolution. The resolution may
affirm the impact of the order envisioned by
such report, in whole or in part. To the
extent that any part is not affirmed, the
resolution shall state which parts are not
affirmed and shall contain instructions to
committees of the Senate of the type
referred to in section 641(a) of this title,
sufficient to achieve at least the total
level of deficit reduction contained in
those sections which are not affirmed.
(3) Response of committees
Committees instructed pursuant to
paragraph (2), or affected thereby, shall
submit their responses to the Budget
Committee no later than 10 days after the
resolution referred to in paragraph (2) is
agreed to, except that if only one such
Committee is so instructed such Committee
shall, by the same date, report to the
Senate a reconciliation bill or
reconciliation resolution containing its
recommendations in response to such
instructions. A committee shall be
considered to have complied with all
instructions to it pursuant to a resolution
adopted under paragraph (2) if it has made
recommendations with respect to matters
within its jurisdiction which would result
in a reduction in the deficit at least equal
to the total reduction directed by such
instructions.
(4) Budget Committee action
Upon receipt of the recommendations
received in response to a resolution
referred to in paragraph (2), the Budget
Committee shall report to the Senate a
reconciliation bill or reconcili
[[Page 303]]
ation resolution, or both, carrying out all
such recommendations without any substantive
revisions. In the event that a committee
instructed in a resolution referred to in
paragraph (2) fails to submit any
recommendation (or, when only one committee
is instructed, fails to report a
reconciliation bill or resolution) in
response to such instructions, the Budget
Committee shall include in the
reconciliation bill or reconciliation
resolution reported pursuant to this
subparagraph legislative language within the
jurisdiction of the noncomplying committee
to achieve the amount of deficit reduction
directed in such instructions.
(5) Point of order
It shall not be in order in the Senate
to consider any reconciliation bill or
reconciliation resolution reported under
paragraph (4) with respect to a fiscal year,
any amendment thereto, or any conference
report thereon if--
(A) the enactment of such bill or resolution
as reported;
(B) the adoption and enactment of such
amendment; or
(C) the enactment of such bill or resolution
in the form recommended in such conference
report,
would cause the amount of the deficit
for such fiscal year to exceed the maximum
deficit amount for such fiscal year, unless
the low-growth report submitted under
section 904 of this title projects negative
real economic growth for such fiscal year,
or for each of any two consecutive quarters
during such fiscal year.
(6) Treatment of certain amendments
In the Senate, an amendment which adds
to a resolution reported under paragraph (2)
an instruction of the type referred to in
such paragraph shall be in order during the
consideration of such resolution if such
amendment would be in order but for the fact
that it would be held to be non-germane on
the basis that the instruction constitutes
new matter.
(7) ``Day'' defined
For purposes of paragraphs (1), (2), and
(3), the term ``day'' shall mean any
calendar day on which the Senate is in
session.
(b) Procedures
(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), in
the Senate the provisions of sections 636
and 641 of this title for the consideration
of concurrent resolutions on the budget and
conference reports thereon shall also apply
to the consideration of resolutions, and
reconciliation bills and reconciliation
resolutions reported under this paragraph
and conference reports thereon.
(2) Limit on debate
Debate in the Senate on any resolution
reported pursuant to subsection (a)(2), and
all amendments thereto and debatable motions
and appeals in connection therewith, shall
be limited to 10 hours.
(3) Limitation on amendments
Section 641(d)(2) of this title shall
apply to reconciliation bills and
reconciliation resolutions reported under
this subsection.
[[Page 304]]
(4) Bills and resolutions received from the House
Any bill or resolution received in the
Senate from the House, which is a companion
to a reconciliation bill or reconciliation
resolution of the Senate for the purposes of
this subsection, shall be considered in the
Senate pursuant to the provisions of this
subsection.
(5) ``Resolution'' defined
For purposes of this subsection, the
term ``resolution'' means a simple, joint,
or concurrent resolution. (Pub. L. 99-177,
Title II, Sec. 258C, as added Pub. L. 101-
508, Title XIII, Sec. 13101(g), Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1388-600.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 20A--STATUTORY PAY-AS-YOU-GO
311 Sec. 931. Purpose
The purpose of this chapter is to reestablish a
statutory procedure to enforce a rule of budget neutrality
on new revenue and direct spending legislation. (Pub. L.
111-139, Title I, Sec. 2, Feb. 12, 2010, 124 Stat. 8.)
312 Sec. 932. Definitions and applications
As used in this chapter--
(1) The term ``BBEDCA'' means the Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of
1985.
(2) The definitions set forth in section 622
of this title and in section 250 of BBEDCA [2
U.S.C. 900] shall apply to this chapter, except
to the extent that they are specifically
modified as follows:
(A) The term ``outyear'' means a fiscal
year one or more years after the budget
year.
(B) In section 250(c)(8)(C) [2 U.S.C.
900(c)(8)(C)], the reference to the food
stamp program shall be deemed to be a
reference to the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program.
(3) The term ``AMT'' means the Alternative
Minimum Tax for individuals under sections 55-59
of title 26, the term ``EGTRRA'' means the
Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation
Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-16), and the term
``JGTRRA'' means the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief
and 1 Reconciliation Act of 2003 (Public Law
108-27).
(4)(A) The term ``budgetary effects'' means
the amount by which PAYGO legislation changes
outlays flowing from direct spending or revenues
relative to the baseline and shall be determined
on the basis of estimates prepared under section
933 of this title. Budgetary effects that
increase outlays flowing from direct spending or
decrease revenues are termed ``costs'' and
budgetary effects that increase revenues or
decrease outlays flowing from direct spending
are termed ``savings''. Budgetary effects shall
not include any costs associated with debt
service.
(B) For purposes of these definitions, off-
budget effects shall not be counted as budgetary
effects.
(C) Solely for purposes of recording entries
on a PAYGO scorecard, provisions in
appropriation Acts are also considered to be
budgetary effects for purposes of this chapter
if such provisions make outyear modifications to
substantive law, except that provisions for
which
[[Page 305]]
the outlay effects net to zero over a period
consisting of the current year, the budget year,
and the 4 subsequent years shall not be
considered budgetary effects. For purposes of
this paragraph, the term, ``modifications to
substantive law'' refers to changes to or
restrictions on entitlement law or other
mandatory spending contained in appropriations
Acts, notwithstanding section 250(c)(8) of
BBEDCA [2 U.S.C. 900(c)(8)]. Provisions in
appropriations Acts that are neither outyear
modifications to substantive law nor changes in
revenues have no budgetary effects for purposes
of this chapter.
(5) The term ``debit'' refers to the net
total amount, when positive, by which costs
recorded on the PAYGO scorecards for a fiscal
year exceed savings recorded on those scorecards
for that year.
(6) The term ``entitlement law'' refers to a
section of law which provides entitlement
authority.
(7) The term ``PAYGO legislation'' or a
``PAYGO Act'' refers to a bill or joint
resolution that affects direct spending or
revenue relative to the baseline. The budgetary
effects of changes in revenues and outyear
modifications to substantive law included in
appropriation Acts as defined in paragraph (4)
shall be treated as if they were contained in
PAYGO legislation or a PAYGO Act.
(8) The term ``timing shift'' refers to a
delay of the date on which outlays flowing from
direct spending would otherwise occur from the
ninth outyear to the tenth outyear or an
acceleration of the date on which revenues would
otherwise occur from the tenth outyear to the
ninth outyear. (Pub. L. 111-139, Title I,
Sec. 3, Feb. 12, 2010, 124 Stat. 8.)
313 Sec. 933. PAYGO estimates and PAYGO scorecards
(a) PAYGO estimates
(1) Required designation in PAYGO Acts
(A) House of Representatives
To establish the budgetary effects of a
PAYGO Act consistent with the determination made
by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, a
PAYGO Act originated in or amended by the House
of Representatives may include the following
statement: ``The budgetary effects of this Act,
for the purpose of complying with the Statutory
Pay-As-You-Go-Act of 2010, shall be determined
by reference to the latest statement titled
`Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation' for
this Act, submitted for printing in the
Congressional Record by the Chairman of the
House Budget Committee, provided that such
statement has been submitted prior to the vote
on passage.''.
(B) Senate
To establish the budgetary effects of a
PAYGO Act consistent with the determination made
by the Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee,
a PAYGO Act originated in or amended by the
Senate shall include the following statement:
``The budgetary effects of this Act, for the
purpose of complying with the Statutory Pay-As-
You-Go-Act of 2010, shall be determined by
reference to the latest statement titled
`Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation' for
this Act, submitted for printing in the
Congressional Record by the Chairman of the
Senate Budget Committee, provided that such
statement has been submitted prior to the vote
on passage.''.
[[Page 306]]
(C) Conference reports and amendments
between the Houses
To establish the budgetary effects of the
conference report on a PAYGO Act, or an
amendment to an amendment between Houses on a
PAYGO Act, which if estimated shall be estimated
jointly by the Chairmen of the House and Senate
Budget Committees, the conference report or
amendment between the Houses shall include the
following statement: ``The budgetary effects of
this Act, for the purpose of complying with the
Statutory Pay-As-You-Go-Act of 2010, shall be
determined by reference to the latest statement
titled `Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'
for this Act, jointly submitted for printing in
the Congressional Record by the Chairmen of the
House and Senate Budget Committees, provided
that such statement has been submitted prior to
the vote on passage in the House acting first on
this conference report or amendment between the
Houses.''.
(2) Determination of budgetary effects of PAYGO Acts
(A) Original legislation
(i) Statement and estimate
Prior to a vote on passage of a PAYGO
Act originated or amended by one House, the
Chairman of the Budget Committee of that
House may submit for printing in the
Congressional Record a statement titled
``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation''
which shall include an estimate of the
budgetary effects of that Act, if available
prior to passage of the Act by that House
and shall submit, if applicable, an
identification of any current policy
adjustments made pursuant to section 936 of
this title. The timely submission of such a
statement, in conjunction with the
appropriate designation made pursuant to
paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B), as applicable,
shall establish the budgetary effects of the
PAYGO Act for the purposes of this Act.
(ii) Effect
The latest statement submitted by the
Chairman of the Budget Committee of that
House prior to passage shall supersede any
prior statements submitted in the
Congressional Record and shall be valid only
if the PAYGO Act is not further amended by
either House.
(iii) Failure to submit estimate
If--
(I) the estimate required by
clause (i) has not been submitted
prior to passage by that House;
(II) such estimate has been
submitted but is no longer valid due
to a subsequent amendment to the
PAYGO Act; or
(III) the designation required
pursuant to this subsection has not
been made;
the budgetary effects of the
PAYGO Act shall be determined under
subsection (d)(3), provided that
this clause shall not apply if a
valid designation is subsequently
included in that PAYGO Act pursuant
to paragraph (1)(C) and a statement
is submitted pursuant to
subparagraph (B).
[[Page 307]]
(B) Conference reports and amendments
between Houses
(i) In general
Prior to the adoption of a report of a committee of
conference on a PAYGO Act in either House, or disposition of
an amendment to an amendment between Houses on a PAYGO Act,
the Chairmen of the Budget Committees of the House and
Senate may jointly submit for printing in the Congressional
Record a statement titled ``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO
Legislation'' which shall include an estimate of the
budgetary effects of that Act if available prior to passage
of the Act by the House acting first on the legislation and
shall submit, if applicable, an identification of any
current policy adjustments made pursuant to section 936 of
this title. The timely submission of such a statement, in
conjunction with the appropriate designation made pursuant
to paragraph (1)(C), shall establish the budgetary effects
of the PAYGO Act for the purposes of this Act.
(ii) Failure to submit estimate
If such estimate has not been submitted prior to the
adoption of a report of a committee of conference by either
House, or if the designation required pursuant to this
subsection has not been made, the budgetary effects of the
PAYGO Act shall be determined under subsection (d)(3).
(3) Procedure in the Senate
In the Senate, upon submission of a statement titled
``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'' by the Chairman
of the Senate Budget Committee for printing in the
Congressional Record, the Legislative Clerk shall read the
statement.
(4) Jurisdiction of the Budget Committees
For the purposes of enforcing section 637 of this title,
a designation made pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), (1)(B), or
(1)(C), that includes only the language specifically
prescribed therein, shall not be considered a matter within
the jurisdiction of either the Senate or House Committees on
the Budget.
(b) Omitted
(c) Current policy adjustments for certain legislation
(1) In general
For any provision of legislation that meets the criteria
in subsection (c), (d), (e) or (f) of section 936 of this
title, the Chairs of the Committees on the Budget of the
House and Senate, as applicable, shall request that CBO
adjust the estimate of budgetary effects of that legislation
pursuant to paragraph (2) for the purposes of this chapter.
A single piece of legislation may contain provisions that
meet criteria in more than one of the subsections referred
to in the preceding sentence. CBO shall adjust estimates for
legislation designated under subsection (a) and estimated
under subsection (b). OMB shall adjust estimates for
legislation estimated under subsection (d)(3).
(2) Adjustments
(A) Estimates
CBO or OMB, as applicable, shall exclude from the
estimate of budgetary effects any budgetary effects of a
provision that meets the criteria in subsection (c), (d),
(e) or (f) of section 936 of this title, to the extent that
those budgetary effects, when combined with all other
excluded budgetary effects of any other previously
designated provisions of en
[[Page 308]]
acted legislation under the same subsection of section 936
of this title, do not exceed the maximum applicable current
policy adjustment defined under the applicable subsection of
section 936 of this title for the applicable 10-year period.
(B) Baseline
Any estimate made pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be
prepared using baseline estimates supplied by the
Congressional Budget Office, consistent with section 907 of
this title. CBO estimates of legislation adjusted for
current policy shall include a separate presentation of
costs excluded from the calculation of budgetary effects for
the legislation, as well as an updated total of all excluded
costs of provisions within subsection (c), (d), or (e) of
section 936 of this title, as applicable, and in the case of
paragraph (1) of section 936(f) of this title, within any of
the subparagraphs (A) through (L) of such paragraph, as
applicable.
(3) Limitation on availability of excess savings
(A) Prohibition on use of excess saving for
ineligible policies
To the extent the adjustment for current policy of any
provision estimated under this subsection exceeds the
estimated budgetary effects of that provision, these excess
savings shall not be available to offset the costs of any
provisions not otherwise eligible for a current policy
adjustment under section 936 of this title, and shall not be
counted on the PAYGO scorecards established pursuant to
subsections (d)(4) and (d)(5).
(B) Prohibition on use of excess savings
across budget areas
For provisions eligible for a current policy adjustment
under subsections (c) through (f) of section 936 of this
title, to the extent the adjustment for current policy of
any provision exceeds the estimated budgetary effects of
that same provision, the excess savings shall be available
only to offset the costs of other provisions that qualify
for a current policy adjustment in that same subsection.
Each paragraph in section 936(f)(1) of this title shall be
considered a separate subsection for purposes of this
section.
(4) Further guidance on estimating budgetary effects
Estimates of budgetary effects under this subsection
shall be consistent with the guidance provided at section
936(h) of this title.
(5) Inclusion of statement
For PAYGO legislation adjusted pursuant to section 936
of this title, the Chairman of the House or Senate Budget
Committee, as applicable, shall include in any statement
titled ``Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation'', submitted
for that legislation pursuant to this section, an
explanation of the current policy designation and
adjustments.
(d) OMB PAYGO scorecards
(1) In general
OMB shall maintain and make publicly
available a continuously updated document
containing two PAYGO scorecards displaying the
budgetary effects of PAYGO legislation as
determined under section 639 of this title,
applying the look-back requirement in subsection
(e) and the averaging requirement in subsection
(f), and a separate addendum displaying the
estimates of the costs of provisions designated
in statute as emergency requirements.
[[Page 309]]
(2) Estimates in legislation
Except as provided in paragraph (3), in
making the calculations for the PAYGO
scorecards, OMB shall use the budgetary effects
included by reference in the applicable
legislation pursuant to subsection (a).
(3) OMB PAYGO estimates
If a PAYGO Act does not contain a valid
reference to its budgetary effects consistent
with subsection (a), OMB shall estimate the
budgetary effects of that legislation upon its
enactment. The OMB estimate shall be based on
the approaches to scorekeeping set forth in
section 639 of this title, as amended by this
title,3 and subsection (g)(4), and shall use the
same economic and technical assumptions as used
in the most recent budget submitted by the
President under section 1105(a) of title 31.
(4) 5-year scorecard
The first scorecard shall display the
budgetary effects of PAYGO legislation in each
year over the 5-year period beginning in the
budget year.
(5) 10-year scorecard
The second scorecard shall display the
budgetary effects of PAYGO legislation in each
year over the 10-year period beginning in the
budget year.
(6) Community Living Assistance Services and Supports
Act
Neither scorecard maintained by OMB pursuant
to this subsection shall include net savings
from any provisions of legislation titled
``Community Living Assistance Services and
Supports Act'', which establishes a Federal
insurance program for long-term care, if such
legislation is enacted into law, or amended,
subsequent to February 12, 2010.
(e) Look-back to capture current-year effects
For purposes of this section, OMB shall treat the
budgetary effects of PAYGO legislation enacted during a
session of Congress that occur during the current year as
though they occurred in the budget year.
(f) Averaging used to measure compliance over 5-year and 10-
year periods
OMB shall cumulate the budgetary effects of a PAYGO Act
over the budget year (which includes any look-back effects
under subsection (e)) and--
(1) for purposes of the 5-year scorecard
referred to in subsection (d)(4), the four
subsequent outyears, divide that cumulative
total by five, and enter the quotient in the
budget-year column and in each subsequent column
of the 5-year PAYGO scorecard; and
(2) for purposes of the 10-year scorecard
referred to in subsection (d)(5), the nine
subsequent outyears, divide that cumulative
total by ten, and enter the quotient in the
budget-year column and in each subsequent column
of the 10-year PAYGO scorecard.
(g) Emergency legislation
(1) Designation in statute
If a provision of direct spending or revenue
legislation in a PAYGO Act is enacted as an
emergency requirement that the Congress so
designates in statute pursuant to this section,
the amounts of new
[[Page 310]]
budget authority, outlays, and revenue in all
fiscal years resulting from that provision shall
be treated as an emergency requirement for the
purposes of this Act.
(2) Designation in the House of Representatives
If a PAYGO Act includes a provision
expressly designated as an emergency for the
purposes of this chapter, the Chair shall put
the question of consideration with respect
thereto.
(3) Point of order in the Senate
(A) In general
When the Senate is considering a PAYGO Act,
if a point of order is made by a Senator against
an emergency designation in that measure, that
provision making such a designation shall be
stricken from the measure and may not be offered
as an amendment from the floor.
(B) Supermajority waiver and appeals
(i) Waiver
Subparagraph (A) may be waived or
suspended in the Senate only by an
affirmative vote of three-fifths of the
Members, duly chosen and sworn.
(ii) Appeals
Appeals in the Senate from the decisions
of the Chair relating to any provision of
this subsection shall be limited to 1 hour,
to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the appellant and the manager
of the bill or joint resolution, as the case
may be. An affirmative vote of three-fifths
of the Members of the Senate, duly chosen
and sworn, shall be required to sustain an
appeal of the ruling of the Chair on a point
of order raised under this subsection.
(C) Definition of an emergency designation
For purposes of subparagraph (A), a
provision shall be considered an emergency
designation if it designates any item as an
emergency requirement pursuant to this
subsection.
(D) Form of the point of order
A point of order under subparagraph (A) may
be raised by a Senator as provided in section
644(e) of this title.
(E) Conference reports
When the Senate is considering a conference
report on, or an amendment between the Houses in
relation to, a PAYGO Act, upon a point of order
being made by any Senator pursuant to this
section, and such point of order being
sustained, such material contained in such
conference report shall be deemed stricken, and
the Senate shall proceed to consider the
question of whether the Senate shall recede from
its amendment and concur with a further
amendment, or concur in the House amendment with
a further amendment, as the case may be, which
further amendment shall consist of only that
portion of the conference report or House
amendment, as the case may be, not so stricken.
Any such motion in the Senate shall be
debatable. In any case in which such point of
order is sustained against a conference report
(or Senate amendment derived from
[[Page 311]]
such conference report by operation of this
subsection), no further amendment shall be in
order.
(4) Effect of designation on scoring
If a provision is designated as an emergency
requirement under this Act, CBO or OMB, as
applicable, shall not include the budgetary
effects of such a provision in its estimate of
the budgetary effects of that PAYGO legislation.
(Pub. L. 111-139, Title I, Sec. 4, Feb. 12,
2010, 124 Stat. 9.)
* * * * * * *
314 Sec. 938. Determinations and points of order
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed as limiting
the authority of the chairmen of the Committees on the
Budget of the House and Senate under section 643 of this
title. CBO may consult with the Chairmen of the House and
Senate Budget Committees to resolve any ambiguities in this
chapter. (Pub. L. 111-139, Title I, Sec. 12, Feb. 12, 2010,
124 Stat. 29.)
315 Sec. 939. Limitation on changes to the Social Security Act
(a) Limitation on changes to the Social Security Act
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, it shall not
be in order in the Senate or the House of Representatives to
consider any bill or resolution pursuant to any expedited
procedure to consider the recommendations of a Task Force
for Responsible Fiscal Action or other commission that
contains recommendations with respect to the old-age,
survivors, and disability insurance program established
under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et
seq.], or the taxes received under subchapter A of chapter
9; the taxes imposed by subchapter E of chapter 1; and the
taxes collected under section 86 of part II of subchapter B
of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(b) Waiver
This section may be waived or suspended in the Senate
only by the affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members,
duly chosen and sworn.
(c) Appeals
An affirmative vote of three-fifths of the Members of
the Senate, duly chosen and sworn, shall be required in the
Senate to sustain an appeal of the ruling of the Chair on a
point of order raised under this section. (Pub. L. 111-139,
Title I, Sec. 13, Feb. 12, 2010, 124 Stat. 29.)
Chapter 24--CONGRESSIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY
316 Sec. 1383. Procedural rules
(a) In general
The Executive Director shall, subject to the approval of
the Board, adopt rules governing the procedures of the
Office, including the procedures of hearing officers, which
shall be submitted for publication in the Congressional
Record. The rules may be amended in the same manner.
(b) Procedure
The Executive Director shall adopt rules referred to in
subsection (a) in accordance with the principles and
procedures set forth in section
[[Page 312]]
553 of title 5. The Executive Director shall publish a
general notice of proposed rulemaking under section 553(b)
of title 5, but, instead of publication of a general notice
of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, the
Executive Director shall transmit such notice to the Speaker
of the House of Representatives and the President pro
tempore of the Senate for publication in the Congressional
Record on the first day on which both Houses are in session
following such transmittal. Before adopting rules, the
Executive Director shall provide a comment period of at
least 30 days after publication of a general notice of
proposed rulemaking. Upon adopting rules, the Executive
Director shall transmit notice of such action together with
a copy of such rules to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate
for publication in the Congressional Record on the first day
on which both Houses are in session following such
transmittal. Rules shall be considered issued by the
Executive Director as of the date on which they are
published in the Congressional Record. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title
III, Sec. 303, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 28.)
317 Sec. 1384. Substantive regulations
(a) Regulations
(1) In general
The procedures applicable to the regulations
of the Board issued for the implementation of
this chapter, which shall include regulations
the Board is required to issue under subchapter
II (including regulations on the appropriate
application of exemptions under the laws made
applicable in subchapter II) are as prescribed
in this section.
(2) Rulemaking procedure
Such regulations of the Board--
(A) shall be adopted, approved, and
issued in accordance with subsection (b);
and
(B) shall consist of 3 separate bodies
of regulations, which shall apply,
respectively, to--
(i) the Senate and employees of
the Senate;
(ii) the House of
Representatives and employees of the
House of Representatives; and
(iii) all other covered
employees and employing offices.
(b) Adoption by Board
The Board shall adopt the regulations referred to in
subsection (a)(1) in accordance with the principles and
procedures set forth in section 553 of title 5 and as
provided in the following provisions of this subsection:
(1) Proposal
The Board shall publish a general notice
of proposed rulemaking under section 553(b)
of title 5, but, instead of publication of a
general notice of proposed rulemaking in the
Federal Register, the Board shall transmit
such notice to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro
tempore of the Senate for publication in the
Congressional Record on the first day on
which both Houses are in session following
such transmittal. Such notice shall set
forth the recommendations of the Deputy
Director for the Senate in regard to
regulations under subsection (a)(2)(B)(i),
the recommendations of the
[[Page 313]]
Deputy Director for the House of
Representatives in regard to regulations
under subsection (a)(2)(B)(ii), and the
recommendations of the Executive Director
for regulations under subsection
(a)(2)(B)(iii).
(2) Comment
Before adopting regulations, the Board
shall provide a comment period of at least
30 days after publication of a general
notice of proposed rulemaking.
(3) Adoption
After considering comments, the Board
shall adopt regulations and shall transmit
notice of such action together with a copy
of such regulations to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives and the President
pro tempore of the Senate for publication in
the Congressional Record on the first day on
which both Houses are in session following
such transmittal.
(4) Recommendation as to method of approval
The Board shall include a recommendation
in the general notice of proposed rulemaking
and in the regulations as to whether the
regulations should be approved by resolution
of the Senate, by resolution of the House of
Representatives, by concurrent resolution,
or by joint resolution.
(c) Approval of regulations
(1) In general
Regulations referred to in paragraph
(2)(B)(i) of subsection (a) may be approved by
the Senate by resolution or by the Congress by
concurrent resolution or by joint resolution.
Regulations referred to in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)
of subsection (a) may be approved by the House
of Representatives by resolution or by the
Congress by concurrent resolution or by joint
resolution. Regulations referred to in paragraph
(2)(B)(iii) may be approved by Congress by
concurrent resolution or by joint resolution.
(2) Referral
Upon receipt of a notice of adoption of
regulations under subsection (b)(3), the
presiding officers of the House of
Representatives and the Senate shall refer such
notice, together with a copy of such
regulations, to the appropriate committee or
committees of the House of Representatives and
of the Senate. The purpose of the referral shall
be to consider whether such regulations should
be approved, and, if so, whether such approval
should be by resolution of the House of
Representatives or of the Senate, by concurrent
resolution or by joint resolution.
(3) Joint referral and discharge in the Senate
The presiding officer of the Senate may
refer the notice of issuance of regulations, or
any resolution of approval of regulations, to
one committee or jointly to more than one
committee. If a committee of the Senate acts to
report a jointly referred measure, any other
committee of the Senate must act within 30
calendar days of continuous session, or be
automatically discharged.
(4) One-House resolution or concurrent resolution
In the case of a resolution of the House of
Representatives or the Senate or a concurrent
resolution referred to in paragraph (1), the
matter after the resolving clause shall be the
following: ``The following regulations issued by
the Office of Congressional Work
[[Page 314]]
place Rights on _____ are hereby approved:''
(the blank space being appropriately filled in,
and the text of the regulations being set
forth).
(5) Joint resolution
In the case of a joint resolution referred
to in paragraph (1), the matter after the
resolving clause shall be the following: ``The
following regulations issued by the Office of
Congressional Workplace Rights on _____ are
hereby approved and shall have the force and
effect of law:'' (the blank space being
appropriately filled in, and the text of the
regulations being set forth).
(d) Issuance and effective date
(1) Publication
After approval of regulations under
subsection (c), the Board shall submit the
regulations to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro tempore of
the Senate for publication in the Congressional
Record on the first day on which both Houses are
in session following such transmittal.
(2) Date of issuance
The date of issuance of regulations shall be
the date on which they are published in the
Congressional Record under paragraph (1).
(3) Effective date
Regulations shall become effective not less
than 60 days after the regulations are issued,
except that the Board may provide for an earlier
effective date for good cause found (within the
meaning of section 553(d)(3) of title 5) and
published with the regulation.
(e) Amendment of regulations
Regulations may be amended in the same manner as is
described in this section for the adoption, approval, and
issuance of regulations, except that the Board may, in its
discretion, dispense with publication of a general notice of
proposed rulemaking of minor, technical, or urgent
amendments that satisfy the criteria for dispensing with
publication of such notice pursuant to section 553(b)(B) of
title 5. (Pub. L. 104-1, Title III, Sec. 304, Jan. 23, 1995,
109 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 115-397, Title III, Sec. 308(b)(12),
(13), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5326.)
* * * * * * *
3 u.s.c.--the president
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 315]]
TITLE 3--THE PRESIDENT
Chapter 1--PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS AND VACANCIES
318 Sec. 5. Determination of controversy as to appointment of
electors
If any State shall have provided, by laws enacted prior
to the day fixed for the appointment of the electors, for
its final determination of any controversy or contest
concerning the appointment of all or any of the electors of
such State, by judicial or other methods or procedures, and
such determination shall have been made at least six days
before the time fixed for the meeting of the electors, such
determination made pursuant to such law so existing on said
day, and made at least six days prior to said time of
meeting of the electors, shall be conclusive, and shall
govern in the counting of the electoral votes as provided in
the Constitution, and as hereinafter regulated, so far as
the ascertainment of the electors appointed by such State is
concerned. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62 Stat. 673.)
319 Sec. 6. Credentials of electors; transmission to Archivist
of the United States and to Congress; public inspection
It shall be the duty of the executive of each State, as
soon as practicable after the conclusion of the appointment
of the electors in such State by the final ascertainment,
under and in pursuance of the laws of such State providing
for such ascertainment, to communicate by registered mail
under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United
States a certificate of such ascertainment of the electors
appointed, setting forth the names of such electors and the
canvass or other ascertainment under the laws of such State
of the number of votes given or cast for each person for
whose appointment any and all votes have been given or cast;
and it shall also thereupon be the duty of the executive of
each State to deliver to the electors of such State, on or
before the day on which they are required by section 7 of
this title to meet, six duplicate-originals of the same
certificate under the seal of the State; and if there shall
have been any final determination in a State in the manner
provided for by law of a controversy or contest concerning
the appointment of all or any of the electors of such State,
it shall be the duty of the executive of such State, as soon
as practicable after such determination, to communicate
under the seal of the State to the Archivist of the United
States a certificate of such determination in form and
manner as the same shall have been made; and the certificate
or certificates so received by the Archivist of the United
States shall be preserved by him for one year and shall be a
part of the public records of his office and shall be open
to public inspection; and the Archivist of the United States
at the first meeting of Congress thereafter shall transmit
to the two Houses of Congress copies in full of each and
every such certificate so received at the National Archives
and Records Administration. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644, 62
Stat. 673; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, Sec. 6, 65 Stat. 711;
Pub. L. 98-497, Title I, Sec. 107(e)(1), (2)(A), Oct. 19,
1984, 98 Stat. 2291.)
[[Page 316]]
320 Sec. 15. Counting electoral votes in Congress
Congress shall be in session on the sixth day of January
succeeding every meeting of the electors. The Senate and
House of Representatives shall meet in the Hall of the House
of Representatives at the hour of 1 o'clock in the afternoon
on that day, and the President of the Senate shall be their
presiding officer. Two tellers shall be previously appointed
on the part of the Senate and two on the part of the House
of Representatives, to whom shall be handed, as they are
opened by the President of the Senate, all the certificates
and papers purporting to be certificates of the electoral
votes, which certificates and papers shall be opened,
presented, and acted upon in the alphabetical order of the
States, beginning with the letter A; and said tellers,
having then read the same in the presence and hearing of the
two Houses, shall make a list of the votes as they shall
appear from the said certificates; and the votes having been
ascertained and counted according to the rules in this
subchapter provided, the result of the same shall be
delivered to the President of the Senate, who shall
thereupon announce the state of the vote, which announcement
shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of the persons, if
any, elected President and Vice President of the United
States, and, together with a list of the votes, be entered
on the Journals of the two Houses. Upon such reading of any
such certificate or paper, the President of the Senate shall
call for objections, if any. Every objection shall be made
in writing, and shall state clearly and concisely, and
without argument, the ground thereof, and shall be signed by
at least one Senator and one Member of the House of
Representatives before the same shall be received. When all
objections so made to any vote or paper from a State shall
have been received and read, the Senate shall thereupon
withdraw, and such objections shall be submitted to the
Senate for its decision; and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives shall, in like manner, submit such
objections to the House of Representatives for its decision;
and no electoral vote or votes from any State which shall
have been regularly given by electors whose appointment has
been lawfully certified to according to section 6 of this
title from which but one return has been received shall be
rejected, but the two Houses concurrently may reject the
vote or votes when they agree that such vote or votes have
not been so regularly given by electors whose appointment
has been so certified. If more than one return or paper
purporting to be a return from a State shall have been
received by the President of the Senate, those votes, and
those only, shall be counted which shall have been regularly
given by the electors who are shown by the determination
mentioned in section 5 of this title to have been appointed,
if the determination in said section provided for shall have
been made, or by such successors or substitutes, in case of
a vacancy in the board of electors so ascertained, as have
been appointed to fill such vacancy in the mode provided by
the laws of the State; but in case there shall arise the
question which of two or more of such State authorities
determining what electors have been appointed, as mentioned
in section 5 of this title, is the lawful tribunal of such
State, the votes regularly given of those electors, and
those only, of such State shall be counted whose title as
electors the two Houses, acting separately, shall
concurrently decide is supported by the decision of such
State so authorized by its law; and in such case of more
than one return or paper purporting
[[Page 317]]
to be a return from a State, if there shall have been no
such determination of the question in the State aforesaid,
then those votes, and those only, shall be counted which the
two Houses shall concurrently decide were cast by lawful
electors appointed in accordance with the laws of the State,
unless the two Houses, acting separately, shall concurrently
decide such votes not to be the lawful votes of the legally
appointed electors of such State. But if the two Houses
shall disagree in respect of the counting of such votes,
then, and in that case, the votes of the electors whose
appointment shall have been certified by the executive of
the State, under the seal thereof, shall be counted. When
the two Houses have voted, they shall immediately again
meet, and the presiding officer shall then announce the
decision of the questions submitted. No votes or papers from
any other State shall be acted upon until the objections
previously made to the votes or papers from any State shall
have been finally disposed of. (June 25, 1948, ch. 644,
Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 675.)
321 Sec. 16. Same; seats for officers and Members of two Houses
in joint meeting
At such joint meeting of the two Houses seats shall be
provided as follows: For the President of the Senate, the
Speaker's chair; for the Speaker, immediately upon his left;
the Senators, in the body of the Hall upon the right of the
presiding officer; for the Representatives, in the body of
the Hall not provided for the Senators; for the tellers,
Secretary of the Senate, and Clerk of the House of
Representatives, at the Clerk's desk; for the other officers
of the two Houses, in front of the Clerk's desk and upon
each side of the Speaker's platform. Such joint meeting
shall not be dissolved until the count of electoral votes
shall be completed and the result declared; and no recess
shall be taken unless a question shall have arisen in regard
to counting any such votes, or otherwise under this
subchapter, in which case it shall be competent for either
House, acting separately, in the manner hereinbefore
provided, to direct a recess of such House not beyond the
next calendar day, Sunday excepted, at the hour of 10
o'clock in the forenoon. But if the counting of the
electoral votes and the declaration of the result shall not
have been completed before the fifth calendar day next after
such first meeting of the two Houses, no further or other
recess shall be taken by either House. (June 25, 1948, ch.
644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 676.)
322 Sec. 17. Same; limit of debate in each House
When the two Houses separate to decide upon an objection
that may have been made to the counting of any electoral
vote or votes from any State, or other question arising in
the matter, each Senator and Representative may speak to
such objection or question five minutes, and not more than
once; but after such debate shall have lasted two hours it
shall be the duty of the presiding officer of each House to
put the main question without further debate. (June 25,
1948, ch. 644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 676.)
323 Sec. 18. Same; parliamentary procedure at joint meeting
While the two Houses shall be in meeting as provided in
this chapter, the President of the Senate shall have power
to preserve order; and no debate shall be allowed and no
question shall be put by the presiding officer except to
either House on a motion to withdraw. (June 25, 1948, ch.
644, Sec. 1, 62 Stat. 676; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, Sec. 3,
68 Stat. 1227.)
5 u.s.c.--government organization and employees
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 318]]
TITLE 5--GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES
Chapter 8--CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF AGENCY RULEMAKING
324 Sec. 801. Congressional review
(a)(1)(A) Before a rule can take effect, the Federal
agency promulgating such rule shall submit to each House of
the Congress and to the Comptroller General a report
containing--
(i) a copy of the rule;
(ii) a concise general statement relating to
the rule, including whether it is a major rule;
and
(iii) the proposed effective date of the
rule.
(B) On the date of the submission of the report under
subparagraph (A), the Federal agency promulgating the rule
shall submit to the Comptroller General and make available
to each House of Congress--
(i) a complete copy of the cost-benefit
analysis of the rule, if any;
(ii) the agency's actions relevant to
sections 603, 604, 605, 607, and 609;
(iii) the agency's actions relevant to
sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995; and
(iv) any other relevant information or
requirements under any other Act and any
relevant Executive orders.
(C) Upon receipt of a report submitted under
subparagraph (A), each House shall provide copies of the
report to the chairman and ranking member of each standing
committee with jurisdiction under the rules of the House of
Representatives or the Senate to report a bill to amend the
provision of law under which the rule is issued.
(2)(A) The Comptroller General shall provide a report on
each major rule to the committees of jurisdiction in each
House of the Congress by the end of 15 calendar days after
the submission or publication date as provided in section
802(b)(2). The report of the Comptroller General shall
include an assessment of the agency's compliance with
procedural steps required by paragraph (1)(B).
(B) Federal agencies shall cooperate with the
Comptroller General by providing information relevant to the
Comptroller General's report under subparagraph (A).
(3) A major rule relating to a report submitted under
paragraph (1) shall take effect on the latest of--
(A) the later of the date occurring 60 days
after the date on which--
(i) the Congress receives the report
submitted under paragraph (1); or
(ii) the rule is published in the
Federal Register, if so published;
[[Page 319]]
(B) if the Congress passes a joint
resolution of disapproval described in section
802 relating to the rule, and the President
signs a veto of such resolution, the earlier
date--
(i) on which either House of Congress
votes and fails to override the veto of the
President; or
(ii) occurring 30 session days after the
date on which the Congress received the veto
and objections of the President; or
(C) the date the rule would have otherwise
taken effect, if not for this section (unless a
joint resolution of disapproval under section
802 is enacted).
(4) Except for a major rule, a rule shall take effect as
otherwise provided by law after submission to Congress under
paragraph (1).
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the effective date of
a rule shall not be delayed by operation of this chapter
beyond the date on which either House of Congress votes to
reject a joint resolution of disapproval under section 802.
(b)(1) A rule shall not take effect (or continue), if
the Congress enacts a joint resolution of disapproval,
described under section 802, of the rule.
(2) A rule that does not take effect (or does not
continue) under paragraph (1) may not be reissued in
substantially the same form, and a new rule that is
substantially the same as such a rule may not be issued,
unless the reissued or new rule is specifically authorized
by a law enacted after the date of the joint resolution
disapproving the original rule.
(c)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this
section (except subject to paragraph (3)), a rule that would
not take effect by reason of subsection (a)(3) may take
effect, if the President makes a determination under
paragraph (2) and submits written notice of such
determination to the Congress.
(2) Paragraph (1) applies to a determination made by the
President by Executive order that the rule should take
effect because such rule is--
(A) necessary because of an imminent threat
to health or safety or other emergency;
(B) necessary for the enforcement of
criminal laws;
(C) necessary for national security; or
(D) issued pursuant to any statute
implementing an international trade agreement.
(3) An exercise by the President of the authority under
this subsection shall have no effect on the procedures under
section 802 or the effect of a joint resolution of
disapproval under this section.
(d)(1) In addition to the opportunity for review
otherwise provided under this chapter, in the case of any
rule for which a report was submitted in accordance with
subsection (a)(1)(A) during the period beginning on the date
occurring--
(A) in the case of the Senate, 60 session
days, or
(B) in the case of the House of
Representatives, 60 legislative days,
before the date the Congress adjourns a session of Congress
through the date on which the same or succeeding Congress
first convenes its next session, section 802 shall apply to
such rule in the succeeding session of Congress.
[[Page 320]]
(2)(A) In applying section 802 for purposes of such
additional review, a rule described under paragraph (1)
shall be treated as though--
(i) such rule were published in the Federal
Register (as a rule that shall take effect) on--
(I) in the case of the Senate, the 15th
session day, or
(II) in the case of the House of
Representatives, the 15th legislative day,
after the succeeding session of Congress
first convenes; and
(ii) a report on such rule were submitted to
Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
affect the requirement under subsection (a)(1) that a report
shall be submitted to Congress before a rule can take
effect.
(3) A rule described under paragraph (1) shall take
effect as otherwise provided by law (including other
subsections of this section).
(e)(1) For purposes of this subsection, section 802
shall also apply to any major rule promulgated between March
1, 1996, and the date of the enactment of this chapter.
(2) In applying section 802 for purposes of
Congressional review, a rule described under paragraph (1)
shall be treated as though--
(A) such rule were published in the Federal
Register on the date of enactment of this
chapter; and
(B) a report on such rule were submitted to
Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.
(3) The effectiveness of a rule described under
paragraph (1) shall be as otherwise provided by law, unless
the rule is made of no force or effect under section 802.
(f) Any rule that takes effect and later is made of no
force or effect by enactment of a joint resolution under
section 802 shall be treated as though such rule had never
taken effect.
(g) If the Congress does not enact a joint resolution of
disapproval under section 802 respecting a rule, no court or
agency may infer any intent of the Congress from any action
or inaction of the Congress with regard to such rule,
related statute, or joint resolution of disapproval. (Pub.
L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat.
868.)
325 Sec. 802. Congressional disapproval procedure
(a) For purposes of this section, the term ``joint
resolution'' means only a joint resolution introduced in the
period beginning on the date on which the report referred to
in section 801(a)(1)(A) is received by Congress and ending
60 days thereafter (excluding days either House of Congress
is adjourned for more than 3 days during a session of
Congress), the matter after the resolving clause of which is
as follows: ``That Congress disapproves the rule submitted
by the _____ relating to _____, and such rule shall have no
force or effect.'' (The blank spaces being appropriately
filled in).
(b)(1) A joint resolution described in subsection (a)
shall be referred to the committees in each House of
Congress with jurisdiction.
(2) For purposes of this section, the term ``submission
or publication date'' means the later of the date on which--
(A) the Congress receives the report
submitted under section 801(a)(1); or
(B) the rule is published in the Federal
Register, if so published.
[[Page 321]]
(c) In the Senate, if the committee to which is referred
a joint resolution described in subsection (a) has not
reported such joint resolution (or an identical joint
resolution) at the end of 20 calendar days after the
submission or publication date defined under subsection
(b)(2), such committee may be discharged from further
consideration of such joint resolution upon a petition
supported in writing by 30 Members of the Senate, and such
joint resolution shall be placed on the calendar.
(d)(1) In the Senate, when the committee to which a
joint resolution is referred has reported, or when a
committee is discharged (under subsection (c)) from further
consideration of a joint resolution described in subsection
(a), it is at any time thereafter in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to)
for a motion to proceed to the consideration of the joint
resolution, and all points of order against the joint
resolution (and against consideration of the joint
resolution) are waived. The motion is not subject to
amendment, or to a motion to postpone, or to a motion to
proceed to the consideration of other business. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed
to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to,
the joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business of
the Senate until disposed of.
(2) In the Senate, debate on the joint resolution, and
on all debatable motions and appeals in connection
therewith, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which
shall be divided equally between those favoring and those
opposing the joint resolution. A motion further to limit
debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a
motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the
consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the
joint resolution is not in order.
(3) In the Senate, immediately following the conclusion
of the debate on a joint resolution described in subsection
(a), and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the
debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the
Senate, the vote on final passage of the joint resolution
shall occur.
(4) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure
relating to a joint resolution described in subsection (a)
shall be decided without debate.
(e) In the Senate the procedure specified in subsection
(c) or (d) shall not apply to the consideration of a joint
resolution respecting a rule--
(1) after the expiration of the 60 session
days beginning with the applicable submission or
publication date, or
(2) if the report under section 801(a)(1)(A)
was submitted during the period referred to in
section 801(d)(1), after the expiration of the
60 session days beginning on the 15th session
day after the succeeding session of Congress
first convenes.
(f) If, before the passage by one House of a joint
resolution of that House described in subsection (a), that
House receives from the other House a joint resolution
described in subsection (a), then the following procedures
shall apply:
(1) The joint resolution of the other House
shall not be referred to a committee.
(2) With respect to a joint resolution
described in subsection (a) of the House
receiving the joint resolution--
[[Page 322]]
(A) the procedure in that House shall be
the same as if no joint resolution had been
received from the other House; but
(B) the vote on final passage shall be
on the joint resolution of the other House.
(g) This section is enacted by Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of a joint
resolution described in subsection (a), and it
supersedes other rules only to the extent that
it is inconsistent with such rules; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 104-121,
Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat.
871.)
326 Sec. 803. Special rule on statutory, regulatory, and
judicial deadlines
(a) In the case of any deadline for, relating to, or
involving any rule which does not take effect (or the
effectiveness of which is terminated) because of enactment
of a joint resolution under section 802, that deadline is
extended until the date 1 year after the date of enactment
of the joint resolution. Nothing in this subsection shall be
construed to affect a deadline merely by reason of the
postponement of a rule's effective date under section
801(a).
(b) The term ``deadline'' means any date certain for
fulfilling any obligation or exercising any authority
established by or under any Federal statute or regulation,
or by or under any court order implementing any Federal
statute or regulation. (Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251,
Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 873.)
327 Sec. 804. Definitions
For purposes of this chapter--
(1) The term ``Federal agency'' means any
agency as that term is defined in section
551(1).
(2) The term ``major rule'' means any rule
that the Administrator of the Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office
of Management and Budget finds has resulted in
or is likely to result in--
(A) an annual effect on the economy of
$100,000,000 or more;
(B) a major increase in costs or prices
for consumers, individual industries,
Federal, State, or local government
agencies, or geographic regions; or
(C) significant adverse effects on
competition, employment, investment,
productivity, innovation, or on the ability
of United States-based enterprises to
compete with foreign-based enterprises in
domestic and export markets.
The term does not include any rule promulgated under
the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the
amendments made by that Act.
(3) The term ``rule'' has the meaning given
such term in section 551, except that such term
does not include--
[[Page 323]]
(A) any rule of particular
applicability, including a rule that
approves or prescribes for the future rates,
wages, prices, services, or allowances
therefor, corporate or financial structures,
reorganizations, mergers, or acquisitions
thereof, or accounting practices or
disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing;
(B) any rule relating to agency
management or personnel; or
(C) any rule of agency organization,
procedure, or practice that does not
substantially affect the rights or
obligations of non-agency parties. (Pub. L.
104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996,
110 Stat. 873.)
328 Sec. 805. Judicial review.
No determination, finding, action, or omission under
this chapter shall be subject to judicial review. (Added
Pub. L. 104-121, Title II, Sec. 251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110
Stat. 873.)
Chapter 9--EXECUTIVE REORGANIZATION
329 Sec. 903. Reorganization plans
(a) Whenever the President, after investigation, finds
that changes in the organization of agencies are necessary
to carry out any policy set forth in section 901(a) of this
title, he shall prepare a reorganization plan specifying the
reorganizations he finds are necessary. Any plan may provide
for--
(1) the transfer of the whole or a part of
an agency, or of the whole or a part of the
functions thereof, to the jurisdiction and
control of another agency;
(2) the abolition of all or a part of the
functions of an agency, except that no
enforcement function or statutory program shall
be abolished by the plan;
(3) the consolidation or coordination of the
whole or a part of an agency, or of the whole or
a part of the functions thereof, with the whole
or a part of another agency or the functions
thereof;
(4) the consolidation or coordination of
part of an agency or the functions thereof with
another part of the same agency or the functions
thereof;
(5) the authorization of an officer to
delegate any of his functions; or
(6) the abolition of the whole or a part of
an agency which agency or part does not have, or
on the taking effect of the reorganization plan
will not have, any functions.
The President shall transmit the plan (bearing an
identification number) to the Congress together with a
declaration that, with respect to each reorganization
included in the plan, he has found that the reorganization
is necessary to carry out any policy set forth in section
901(a) of this title.
(b) The President shall have a reorganization plan
delivered to both Houses on the same day and to each House
while it is in session, except that no more than three plans
may be pending before the Congress at one time. In his
message transmitting a reorganization plan, the President
shall specify with respect to each abolition of a function
included in the plan the statutory authority for the
exercise of the function. The message shall also estimate
any reduction or increase
[[Page 324]]
in expenditures (itemized so far as practicable), and
describe any improvements in management, delivery of Federal
services, execution of the laws, and increases in efficiency
of Government operations, which it is expected will be
realized as a result of the reorganizations included in the
plan. In addition, the President's message shall include an
implementation section which shall (1) describe in detail
(A) the actions necessary or planned to complete the
reorganization, (B) the anticipated nature and substance of
any orders, directives, and other administrative and
operational actions which are expected to be required for
completing or implementing the reorganization, and (C) any
preliminary actions which have been taken in the
implementation process, and (2) contain a projected
timetable for completion of the implementation process. The
President shall also submit such further background or other
information as the Congress may require for its
consideration of the plan.
(c) Any time during the period of 60 calendar days of
continuous session of Congress after the date on which the
plan is transmitted to it, but before any resolution
described in section 909 has been ordered reported in either
House, the President may make amendments or modifications to
the plan, consistent with sections 903-905 of this title,
which modifications or revisions shall thereafter be treated
as a part of the reorganization plan originally transmitted
and shall not affect in any way the time limits otherwise
provided for in this chapter. The President may withdraw the
plan any time prior to the conclusion of 90 calendar days of
continuous session of Congress following the date on which
the plan is submitted to Congress. (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6,
1966, 80 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 90-83, Sec. 1(99), Sept. 11,
1967, 81 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 92-179, Sec. 2, Dec. 10, 1971,
85 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 95-17, Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat.
30; Pub. L. 98-614, Sec. Sec. 3(b)(1), (2), 4, Nov. 8, 1984,
98 Stat. 3192 , 3193.)
* * * * * * *
330 Sec. 906. Effective date and publication of reorganization
plans
(a) Except as provided under subsection (c) of this
section, a reorganization plan shall be effective upon
approval by the President of a resolution (as defined in
section 909) with respect to such plan, if such resolution
is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate,
within the first period of 90 calendar days of continuous
session of Congress after the date on which the plan is
transmitted to Congress. Failure of either House to act upon
such resolution by the end of such period shall be the same
as disapproval of the resolution.
(b) For the purpose of this chapter--
(1) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of any period of time in which
Congress is in continuous session.
(c) Under provisions contained in a reorganization plan,
any provision thereof may be effective at a time later than
the date on which the plan otherwise is effective.
(d) A reorganization plan which is effective shall be
printed (1) in the Statutes at Large in the same volume as
the public laws and (2) in the Federal Register. (Pub. L.
89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 396;
[[Page 325]]
Pub. L. 95-17, Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 32; Pub. L.
98-614, Sec. 3(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)
* * * * * * *
331 Sec. 908. Rules of Senate and House of Representatives on
reorganization plans
Sections 909 through 912 of this title are enacted by
Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such they are deemed a part
of the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of
resolutions with respect to any reorganization
plans transmitted to Congress (in accordance
with section 903(b) of this chapter 1) on or
before December 31, 1984; and they supersede
other rules only to the extent that they are
inconsistent therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept.
6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 95-17, Sec. 2,
Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98-614,
Sec. 2(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)
332 Sec. 909. Terms of resolution
For the purpose of sections 908 through 912 of this
title, ``resolution'' means only a joint resolution of the
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is
as follows: ``That the Congress approves the reorganization
plan numbered ___ transmitted to the Congress by the
President on _____, 19__.'', and includes such modifications
and revisions as are submitted by the President under
section 903(c) of this chapter. The blank spaces therein are
to be filled appropriately. The term does not include a
resolution which specifies more than one reorganization
plan. (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L.
95-17, Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98-614,
Sec. 3(c), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)
333 Sec. 910. Introduction and reference of resolution
(a) No later than the first day of session following the
day on which a reorganization plan is transmitted to the
House of Representatives and the Senate under section 903, a
resolution, as defined in section 909, shall be introduced
(by request) in the House by the chairman of the Government
Operations Committee of the House, or by a Member or Members
of the House designated by such chairman; and shall be
introduced (by request) in the Senate by the chairman of the
Governmental Affairs Committee of the Senate, or by a Member
or Members of the Senate designated by such chairman.
(b) A resolution with respect to a reorganization plan
shall be referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs
of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of
the House (and all resolutions with respect to the same plan
shall be referred to the same committee) by the President of
the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
as the case may be. The committee shall make its
recommendations to the House of Representatives or the
Senate, respectively, within 75 calendar days of continuous
session of Congress following the date
[[Page 326]]
of such resolution's introduction. (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6,
1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 95-17, Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91
Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98-614, Sec. 3(b)(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98
Stat. 3192.)
334 Sec. 911. Discharge of committee considering resolution
If the committee to which is referred a resolution
introduced pursuant to subsection (a) of section 910 (or, in
the absence of such a resolution, the first resolution
introduced with respect to the same reorganization plan) has
not reported such resolution or identical resolution at the
end of 75 calendar days of continuous session of Congress
after its introduction, such committee shall be deemed to be
discharged from further consideration of such resolution and
such resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar
of the House involved. (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80
Stat. 397; Pub. L. 92-179, Sec. 5, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat.
576; Pub. L. 95-17, Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 34; Pub.
L. 98-614, Sec. 3(b)(4), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)
335 Sec. 912. Procedure after report or discharge of committee;
debate; vote on final passage
(a) When the committee has reported, or has been deemed
to be discharged (under section 911) from further
consideration of, a resolution with respect to a
reorganization plan, it is at any time thereafter in order
(even though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) for any Member of the respective House to move
to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion is highly privileged and is not debatable. The motion
shall not be subject to amendment, or to a motion to
postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order.
If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the
resolution is agreed to, the resolution shall remain the
unfinished business of the respective House until disposed
of.
(b) Debate on the resolution, and on all debatable
motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be
limited to not more than ten hours, which shall be divided
equally between individuals favoring and individuals
opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate is
in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to
postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business, or a motion to recommit the resolution is
not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the
resolution is passed or rejected shall not be in order.
(c) Immediately following the conclusion of the debate
on the resolution with respect to a reorganization plan, and
a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if
requested in accordance with the rules of the appropriate
House, the vote on final passage of the resolution shall
occur.
(d) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure
relating to a resolution with respect to a reorganization
plan shall be decided without debate.
(e) If, prior to the passage by one House of a
resolution of that House, that House receives a resolution
with respect to the same reorganization plan from the other
House, then--
[[Page 327]]
(1) the procedure in that House shall be the
same as if no resolution had been received from
the other House; but
(2) the vote on final passage shall be on
the resolution of the other House. (Pub. L. 89-
554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 95-17,
Sec. 2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 98-
614, Sec. 3(d)(e(1), (2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat.
3193.)
8 u.s.c.--the aliens and nationality
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 328]]
TITLE 8--ALIENS AND NATIONALITY
Chapter 12--IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY
336 Sec. 1254a. Temporary protected status
* * * * * * *
(h) Limitation on consideration in Senate of legislation
adjusting status
(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), it
shall not be in order in the Senate to consider
any bill, resolution, or amendment that--
(A) provides for adjustment to lawful
temporary or permanent resident alien status
for any alien receiving temporary protected
status under this section, or
(B) has the effect of amending this
subsection or limiting the application of
this subsection.
(2) Supermajority required
Paragraph (1) may be waived or suspended in
the Senate only by the affirmative vote of
three-fifths of the Members duly chosen and
sworn. An affirmative vote of three-fifths of
the Members of the Senate duly chosen and sworn
shall be required in the Senate to sustain an
appeal of the ruling of the Chair on a point of
order raised under paragraph (1).
(3) Rules
Paragraphs (1) and (2) are enacted--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and as such they are
deemed a part of the rules of the Senate,
but applicable only with respect to the
matters described in paragraph (1) and
supersede other rules of the Senate only to
the extent that such paragraphs are
inconsistent therewith; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change
such rules at any time, in the same manner
as in the case of any other rule of the
Senate. (Pub. L. 101-649, Title III,
Sec. 302(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 5035.)
* * * * * * *
10 u.s.c.--armed forces
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 329]]
TITLE 10--ARMED FORCES
Chapter 159--REAL PROPERTY; RELATED PERSONAL PROPERTY; AND
LEASE OF NON-EXCESS PROPERTY
337 Sec. 2687 note. Defense Base Closure and Realignment
Commission
* * * * * * *
Sec. 2904. Closure and Realignment of Military Installations
``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the
Secretary shall--
``(1) close all military installations
recommended for closure by the Commission in
each report transmitted to the Congress by the
President pursuant to section 2903(e);
``(2) realign all military installations
recommended for realignment by such Commission
in each such report;
``(3) carry out the privatization in place
of a military installation recommended for
closure or realignment by the Commission in the
2005 report only if privatization in place is a
method of closure or realignment of the military
installation specified in the recommendations of
the Commission in such report and is determined
by the Commission to be the most cost-effective
method of implementation of the recommendation;
``(4) initiate all such closures and
realignments no later than two years after the
date on which the President transmits a report
to the Congress pursuant to section 2903(e)
containing the recommendations for such closures
or realignments; and
``(5) complete all such closures and
realignments no later than the end of the six-
year period beginning on the date on which the
President transmits the report pursuant to
section 2903(e) containing the recommendations
for such closures or realignments.
``(b) Congressional Disapproval.--(1) The Secretary may
not carry out any closure or realignment recommended by the
Commission in a report transmitted from the President
pursuant to section 2903(e) if a joint resolution is
enacted, in accordance with the provisions of section 2908,
disapproving such recommendations of the Commission before
the earlier of--
``(A) the end of the 45-day period beginning
on the date on which the President transmits
such report; or
``(B) the adjournment of Congress sine die
for the session during which such report is
transmitted.
``(2) For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection
and subsections (a) and (c) of section 2908, the days on
which either House of Congress is not in session because of
an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain
shall be excluded in the computation of a period. (Pub. L.
101-510, div. B, Title XXIX, part A, Sec. 2904, Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1812, 1813.)
* * * * * * *
[[Page 330]]
Sec. 2908. Congressional Consideration of Commission Report
``(a) Terms of the Resolution.--For purposes of section
2904(b), the term `joint resolution' means only a joint
resolution which is introduced within the 10-day period
beginning on the date on which the President transmits the
report to the Congress under section 2903(e), and--
``(1) which does not have a preamble;
``(2) the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: `That Congress
disapproves the recommendations of the Defense
Base Closure and Realignment Commission as
submitted by the President on________', the
blank space being filled in with the appropriate
date; and
``(3) the title of which is as follows:
`Joint resolution disapproving the
recommendations of the Defense Base Closure and
Realignment Commission.'.
``(b) Referral.--A resolution described in subsection
(a) that is introduced in the House of Representatives shall
be referred to the Committee on Armed Services of the House
of Representatives. A resolution described in subsection (a)
introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the Committee
on Armed Services of the Senate.
``(c) Discharge.--If the committee to which a resolution
described in subsection (a) is referred has not reported
such resolution (or an identical resolution) by the end of
the 20-day period beginning on the date on which the
President transmits the report to the Congress under section
2903(e), such committee shall be, at the end of such period,
discharged from further consideration of such resolution,
and such resolution shall be placed on the appropriate
calendar of the House involved.
``(d) Consideration.--(1) On or after the third day
after the date on which the committee to which such a
resolution is referred has reported, or has been discharged
(under subsection (c)) from further consideration of, such a
resolution, it is in order (even though a previous motion to
the same effect has been disagreed to) for any Member of the
respective House to move to proceed to the consideration of
the resolution. A Member may make the motion only on the day
after the calendar day on which the Member announces to the
House concerned the Member's intention to make the motion,
except that, in the case of the House of Representatives,
the motion may be made without such prior announcement if
the motion is made by direction of the committee to which
the resolution was referred. All points of order against the
resolution (and against consideration of the resolution) are
waived. The motion is highly privileged in the House of
Representatives and is privileged in the Senate and is not
debatable. The motion is not subject to amendment, or to a
motion to postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the
consideration of other business. A motion to reconsider the
vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall
not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration
of the resolution is agreed to, the respective House shall
immediately proceed to consideration of the joint resolution
without intervening motion, order, or other business, and
the resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the
respective House until disposed of.
``(2) Debate on the resolution, and on all
debatable motions and appeals in connection
therewith, shall be limited to not more than 2
hours, which shall be divided equally between
those favoring and those opposing the
resolution. An amendment to the resolution is
[[Page 331]]
not in order. A motion further to limit debate
is in order and not debatable. A motion to
postpone, or a motion to proceed to the
consideration of other business, or a motion to
recommit the resolution is not in order. A
motion to reconsider the vote by which the
resolution is agreed to or disagreed to is not
in order.
``(3) Immediately following the conclusion
of the debate on a resolution described in
subsection (a) and a single quorum call at the
conclusion of the debate if requested in
accordance with the rules of the appropriate
House, the vote on final passage of the
resolution shall occur.
``(4) Appeals from the decisions of the
Chair relating to the application of the rules
of the Senate or the House of Representatives,
as the case may be, to the procedure relating to
a resolution described in subsection (a) shall
be decided without debate.
``(e) Consideration by Other House.--(1) If, before the
passage by one House of a resolution of that House described
in subsection (a), that House receives from the other House
a resolution described in subsection (a), then the following
procedures shall apply:
``(A) The resolution of the other House
shall not be referred to a committee and may not
be considered in the House receiving it except
in the case of final passage as provided in
subparagraph (B)(ii).
``(B) With respect to a resolution described
in subsection (a) of the House receiving the
resolution--
``(i) the procedure in that House shall
be the same as if no resolution had been
received from the other House; but
``(ii) the vote on final passage shall
be on the resolution of the other House.
``(2) Upon disposition of the resolution
received from the other House, it shall no
longer be in order to consider the resolution
that originated in the receiving House.
``(f) Rules of the Senate and House.--This section is
enacted by Congress--
``(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of a
resolution described in subsection (a), and it
supersedes other rules only to the extent that
it is inconsistent with such rules; and
``(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 101-510, div.
B, Title XXIX, part A, Sec. 2908, Nov. 5, 1990,
104 Stat. 1816, 1818.)
15 u.s.c.--commerce and trade
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 332]]
TITLE 15--COMMERCE AND TRADE
Chapter 15C--ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION
338 Sec. 719f. Congressional review
(a) Effectiveness of decision designating transportation
system for approval upon enactment of joint resolution
Any decision under section 719e(a) of this title or
subsection (b) designating for approval a transportation
system for the delivery of Alaska natural gas shall take
effect upon enactment of a joint resolution within the first
period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of Congress
beginning on the date after the date of receipt by the
Senate and House of Representatives of a decision
transmitted pursuant to section 719e(b) of this title or
subsection (b) of this section.
(b) New decision: statement of reasons for proposal;
transmittal to Congress
If the Congress does not enact such a joint resolution
within such 60-day period, the President, not later than the
end of the 30th day following the expiration of the 60-day
period, may propose a new decision and shall provide a
detailed statement concerning the reasons for such proposal.
The new decision shall be submitted in accordance with
section 719e(a) of this title and transmitted to the House
of Representatives and the Senate on the same day while both
are in session and shall take effect pursuant to subsection
(a) of this section. In the event that a resolution
respecting the President's decision was defeated by vote of
either House, no new decision may be transmitted pursuant to
this subsection unless such decision differs in a material
respect from the previous decision.
(c) Sessions of Congress
For purposes of this section--
(1) continuity of session of Congress is
broken only by an adjournment sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than 3
days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the 60-day calendar period.
(d) Rules under rulemaking powers of Congress; change of
rules; ``resolution'' defined; referral to Congressional
committees; debate limitation; motion for consideration
of resolution; debate on resolution; nondebatable
motions and appeals from procedural decisions
(1) This subsection is enacted by Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of each House of Congress, respectively, and as
such it is deemed a part of the rules of each
House, respectively, but applicable only with
respect to the procedure to be followed in that
House in the case of resolutions described by
paragraph (2) of this subsection; and it
supersedes
[[Page 333]]
other rules only to the extent that it is
inconsistent therewith; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as those rules relate to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner and to the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of such House.
(2) For purposes of this chapter, the term
``resolution'' means (A) a joint resolution, the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the House of
Representatives and Senate approve the Presidential decision
on an Alaska natural gas transportation system submitted to
the Congress on_____, 19 , and find that any environmental
impact statements prepared relative to such system and
submitted with the President's decision are in compliance
with the Natural Environmental Policy Act of 1969.''; the
blank space therein shall be filled with the date on which
the President submits his decision to the House of
Representatives and the Senate; or (B) a joint resolution
described in subsection (g).
(3) A resolution once introduced with respect to a
Presidential decision on an Alaska natural gas
transportation system shall be referred to one or more
committees (and all resolutions with respect to the same
Presidential decision on an Alaska natural gas
transportation system shall be referred to the same
committee or committees) by the President of the Senate or
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the case may
be.
(4)(A) If any committee to which a resolution with
respect to a Presidential decision on an Alaska natural gas
transportation system has been referred has not reported it
at the end of 30 calendar days after its referral, it shall
be in order to move either to discharge such committee from
further consideration of such resolution or to discharge
such committee from consideration of any other resolution
with respect to such Presidential decision on an Alaska
natural gas transportation system which has been referred to
such committee.
(B) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported a resolution with respect to the same
Presidential decision on an Alaska natural gas
transportation system), and debate thereon shall be limited
to not more than 1 hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to.
(C) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same Presidential decision on
an Alaska natural gas transportation system.
(5)(A) When any committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, but
in no case earlier than 30 days after the date of receipt of
the President's decision to the Congress, it shall be at any
time thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to
the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to
the consideration of the resolution. The motion shall be
highly privileged and shall not be debatable. An amendment
to the motion shall
[[Page 334]]
not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to
reconsider the vote by which the motion was agreed to or
disagreed to.
(B) Debate on the resolution described in paragraph
(2)(A) of this subsection shall be limited to not more than
10 hours and on any resolution described in subsection (g)
to one hour. This time shall be divided equally between
those favoring and those opposing such resolution. A motion
further to limit debate shall not be debatable. An amendment
to, or motion to recommit the resolution shall not be in
order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which such resolution was agreed to or disagreed
to or, thereafter within such 60-day period, to consider any
other resolution respecting the same Presidential decision.
(6)(A) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from committee, or the consideration of a
resolution and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(B) Appeals from the decision of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedures
relating to a resolution shall be decided without debate.
(e) Presidential finding respecting and supplementation or
modification of environmental impact statement;
submittal to Congressional committees
The President shall find that any required environmental
impact statement relative to the Alaska natural gas
transportation system designated for approval by the
President has been prepared and that such statement is in
compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of
1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.]. Such finding shall be set
forth in the report of the President submitted under section
719e of this title. The President may supplement or modify
the environmental impact statements prepared by the
Commission or other Federal officers or agencies. Any such
environmental impact statement shall be submitted
contemporaneously with the transmittal to the Senate and
House of Representatives of the President's decision
pursuant to section 719e(b) of this title or subsection (b)
of this section.
(f) Report of Commission: submittal to Congress; Council on
Environmental Quality: hearings, report, submittal to
Congress; Congressional committee hearings
Within 20 days of the transmittal of the President's
decision to the Congress under section 719e(b) of this title
or under subsection (b) of this section, (1) the Commission
shall submit to the Congress a report commenting on the
decision and including any information with regard to that
decision which the Commission considers appropriate, and (2)
the Council on Environmental Quality shall provide an
opportunity to any interested person to present oral and
written data, views, and arguments on any environmental
impact statement submitted by the President relative to any
system designated by him for approval which is different
from any system reported on by the Commission under section
719c(c) of this title, and shall submit to the Congress a
report summarizing any such views received. The committees
in each House of Congress to which a resolution has been
referred under subsection (d)(3) shall conduct hearings on
the Council's report and include in any report of the
committee respecting such resolution the findings of the
committee
[[Page 335]]
on the legal and factual sufficiency of any environmental
impact statement submitted by the President relative to any
system designated by him for approval.
(g) Waiver; submittal to Congress
(1) At any time after a decision designating a
transportation system is submitted to the Congress pursuant
to this section, if the President finds that any provision
of law applicable to actions to be taken under subsection
(a) or (c) of section 719g of this title require waiver in
order to permit expeditious construction and initial
operation of the approved transportation system, the
President may submit such proposed waiver to both Houses of
Congress.
(2) Such provision shall be waived with respect to
actions to be taken under subsection (a) or (c) of section
719g of this title upon enactment of a joint resolution
pursuant to the procedures specified in subsections (c) and
(d) of this section (other than subsection (d)(2) thereof)
within the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous
session of Congress beginning on the date after the date of
receipt by the Senate and House of Representatives of such
proposal.
(3) The resolving clause of the joint resolution
referred to in this subsection is as follows: ``That the
House of Representatives and Senate approve the waiver of
the provision of law ( ) as proposed by the President,
submitted to the Congress on ______, 19__.'' The first blank
space therein being filled with the citation to the
provision of law and the second blank space therein being
filled with the date on which the President submits his
decision to the House of Representatives and the Senate.
(4) In the case of action with respect to a joint
resolution described in this subsection, the phrase ``a
waiver of a provision of law'' shall be substituted in
subsection (d) for the phrase ``the Alaska natural gas
transportation system.''. (Pub. L. 94-586, Sec. 8, Oct. 22,
1976, 90 Stat. 2909.)
16 u.s.c.--conservation
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 336]]
TITLE 16--CONSERVATION
Chapter 38--FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
339 Sec. 1823. Congressional oversight of international fishery
agreements
(a) In general
No governing international fishery agreement, bycatch
reduction agreement, or Pacific Insular Area fishery
agreement shall become effective with respect to the United
States before the close of the first 120 days (excluding any
days in a period for which the Congress is adjourned sine
die) after the date on which the President transmits to the
House of Representatives and to the Senate a document
setting forth the text of such governing international
fishery agreement, bycatch reduction agreement, or Pacific
Insular Area fishery agreement. A copy of the document shall
be delivered to each House of Congress on the same day and
shall be delivered to the Clerk of the House of
Representatives, if the House is not in session, and to the
Secretary of the Senate, if the Senate is not in session.
(b) Referral to committees
Any document described in subsection (a) shall be
immediately referred in the House of Representatives to the
Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, and in the
Senate to the Committees on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation and on Foreign Relations.
(c) Congressional procedures
(1) Rules of the House of Representatives and Senate
The provisions of this section are enacted
by the Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the House of Representatives and
the Senate, respectively, and they are
deemed a part of the rules of each House,
respectively, but applicable only with
respect to the procedure to be followed in
that House in the case of fishery agreement
resolutions described in paragraph (2), and
they supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent therewith;
and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as they relate to
the procedure of that House) at any time,
and in the same manner and to the same
extent as in the case of any other rule of
that House.
(2) ``Fishery agreement resolution'' defined
For purposes of this subsection, the term
``fishery agreement resolution'' refers to a
joint resolution of either House of Congress--
(A) the effect of which is to prohibit
the entering into force and effect of any
governing international fishery agreement,
bycatch reduction agreement, or Pacific
Insular Area fishery agreement the text of
which is transmitted to the Congress
pursuant to subsection (a); and
[[Page 337]]
(B) which is reported from the Committee
on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the
House of Representatives or the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation or the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate, not later than 45 days after the
date on which the document described in
subsection (a) relating to that agreement is
transmitted to the Congress.
(3) Placement on calendar
Any fishery agreement resolution upon being
reported shall immediately be placed on the
appropriate calendar.
(4) Floor consideration in the House
(A) A motion in the House of Representatives
to proceed to the consideration of any fishery
agreement resolution shall be highly privileged
and not debatable. An amendment to the motion
shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order
to move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(B) Debate in the House of Representatives
on any fishery agreement resolution shall be
limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall
be divided equally between those favoring and
those opposing the resolution. A motion further
to limit debate shall not be debatable. It shall
not be in order to move to recommit any fishery
agreement resolution or to move to reconsider
the vote by which any fishery agreement
resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
(C) Motions to postpone, made in the House
of Representatives with respect to the
consideration of any fishery agreement
resolution, and motions to proceed to the
consideration of other business, shall be
decided without debate.
(D) All appeals from the decisions of the
Chair relating to the application of the Rules
of the House of Representatives to the procedure
relating to any fishery agreement resolution
shall be decided without debate.
(E) Except to the extent specifically
provided in the preceding provisions of this
subsection, consideration of any fishery
agreement resolution shall be governed by the
Rules of the House of Representatives applicable
to other bills and resolutions in similar
circumstances.
(5) Floor consideration in the Senate
(A) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the
consideration of any fishery agreement
resolution shall be privileged and not
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not
be in order, nor shall it be in order to move to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to.
(B) Debate in the Senate on any fishery
agreement resolution and on all debatable
motions and appeals in connection therewith
shall be limited to not more than 10 hours. The
time shall be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the
minority leader or their designees.
(C) Debate in the Senate on any debatable
motion or appeal in connection with any fishery
agreement resolution shall be limited to not
more than 1 hour, to be equally divided between,
and controlled by, the mover of the motion or
appeal and the manager of the resolution, except
that if the manager of the resolution is in
favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in
opposition thereto
[[Page 338]]
shall be controlled by the minority leader or
his designee. The majority leader and the
minority leader, or either of them, may allot
additional time to any Senator during the
consideration of any debatable motion or appeal,
from time under their control with respect to
the applicable fishery agreement resolution.
(D) A motion in the Senate to further limit
debate is not debatable. A motion to recommit
any fishery agreement resolution is not in
order. (Pub. L. 94-265, Title II, Sec. 203, Apr.
13, 1976, 90 Stat. 340; Pub. L. 103-437,
Sec. 6(x), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4587; Pub. L.
104-297, Title I, Sec. 105(c), Oct. 11, 1996,
110 Stat. 3564.)
Chapter 51--ALASKA NATIONAL INTEREST LANDS CONSERVATION
340 Sec. 3166. Agency, Presidential, and Congressional actions
(a) Agency action in cases other than those involving
section 3165 or wilderness areas
(1) In the case of any application for the approval of
any transportation or utility system to which section 3165
of this title does not apply or that does not occupy, use,
or traverse any area within the National Wilderness
Preservation System, if, in compliance with section 3164 of
this title--
(A) each Federal agency concerned decides to
approve each authorization within its
jurisdiction with respect to that system, then
the system shall be deemed to be approved and
each such agency shall promptly issue, in
accordance with applicable law, such rights-of-
way, permits, licenses, leases, certificates, or
other authorizations as are necessary with
respect to the establishment of the system; or
(B) one or more Federal agencies decide to
disapprove any authorization within its
jurisdiction with respect, to that system, then
the system shall be deemed to be disapproved and
the applicant for the system may appeal the
disapproval to the President.
(2) If an applicant appeals under paragraph (1)(B), the
President, within four months after receiving the appeal,
shall decide whether to approve or deny the application. The
President shall approve the application if he finds, after
consideration of the factors set forth in section 3164(g)(2)
of this title, that such approval would be in the public
interest and that (1) such system would be compatible with
the purposes for which the unit was established; and (2)
there is no economically feasible and prudent alternative
route for the system. In making a decision, the President
shall consider any environmental impact statement prepared
pursuant to section 3164(e) of this title, comments of the
public and Federal agencies received during the preparation
of such statement, and the findings and recommendations, if
any, of each Federal agency that rendered a decision with
respect to the application. The President's decision to
approve or deny the application shall be published in the
Federal Register, together with a statement of the reasons
for his determination.
(3) If the President approves an application under
paragraph (2), each Federal agency concerned shall promptly
issue, in accordance with applicable law, such rights-of-
way, permits, licenses, leases, certificates, or
[[Page 339]]
other authorizations as are necessary with respect to the
establishment of the system
(4) If the President denies an application under
paragraph (2), the applicant shall be deemed to have
exhausted his administrative remedies and may file suit in
any appropriate Federal court to challenge such decision.
(b) Agency action in cases involving section 3165 or
wilderness areas
(1) In the case of any application for the approval of a
transportation or utility system to which section 3165 of
this title applies or that proposes to occupy, use, or
traverse any area within the National Wilderness
Preservation System, each Federal agency concerned shall
promptly submit to the President notification whether the
agency tentatively approved or disapproved each
authorization within its jurisdiction that applies with
respect to the system. Such notification shall be
accompanied by a statement of the reasons and findings
supporting the agency position.
(2) Within four months after receiving all notification
referred to in paragraph (1) and after considering such
notifications, any environmental impact statement prepared
pursuant to section 3164(e) of this title, and the comments
of the public and Federal agencies received during the
preparation of such statement, the President shall decide
whether or not the application for the system concerned
should be approved. If the President denies an application
the applicant shall be deemed to have exhausted his
administrative remedies, and may file suit in any
appropriate Federal court to challenge such decision. If the
President approves the application, he shall submit to
Congress his recommendation for approval of the
transportation or utility system covered, whereupon the
Congress shall consider the application as provided in
subsection (c). The President shall include with his
recommendation to Congress--
(A) the application which is the subject of
his recommendation;
(B) a report setting forth in detail the
relevant factual background and the reasons for
his findings and recommendation;
(C) the joint environmental impact
statement;\8\
\8\ So in original. Probably should be followed by
``and.''
(D) a statement of the conditions and
stipulations which would govern the use of the
system if approved by the Congress.
(c) Congressional approval
(1) No application for any transportation or utility
system with respect to which the President makes a
recommendation for approval under subsection (b) shall be
approved unless the Senate and House of Representatives
approve a resolution described in paragraph (4) within the
first period of one hundred and twenty calendar days of
continuous session of the Congress beginning on the date
after the date of receipt by the Senate and House of
Representatives of such recommendation.
(2) For purposes of this subsection--
(A) continuity of session of the Congress is
broken only by an adjournment sine die; and
(B) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are
[[Page 340]]
excluded in the computation of the one-hundred-
and-twenty-day calendar period.
(3) This subsection is enacted by the Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of each House of the Congress respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in the House in the case of
resolutions described by paragraph (6) of this
subsection; and it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that it is inconsistent therewith;
and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as those relate to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner and to the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of such House.
(4) For the purposes of this subsection, the term
``resolution'' means a joint resolution, the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the House of
Representatives and Senate approve the application for _____
under title XI of the Alaska National Interest Lands
Conservation Act submitted by the President to the Congress
on _____, 19__.''; the first blank space therein to be
filled in with the appropriate transportation or utility
system and the second blank therein to be filled with the
date on which the President submits the application to the
House of Representatives and the Senate.
(5) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the
provisions of section 719f(d) of title 15 shall apply to the
consideration of the resolution.
(6) After an application for a transportation or utility
system has been approved under subsection (a), the
appropriate Federal agencies shall issue appropriate
authorizations in accordance with applicable law. In any
case in which an application for a transportation or utility
system has been approved pursuant to subsection (b), the
appropriate Federal agencies shall issue appropriate
authorizations in accordance with title V of the Federal
Lands Policy Management Act [43 U.S.C. 1761 et seq.] or
other applicable law. After issuance pursuant to this
subsection, the appropriate land managing agency shall
administer the right-of-way in accordance with relevant
management authorities of the land managing agency and title
V of the Federal Lands Policy Management Act. (Pub. L. 96-
487, Title XI, Sec. 1106, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2461.)
* * * * * * *
341 Sec. 3232. Recommendations of President to Congress
(a) Recommendation
At any time after December 2, 1980, the President may
transmit a recommendation to the Congress that mineral
exploration, development, or extraction not permitted under
this Act or other applicable law shall be permitted in a
specified area of the lands referred to in section 3231 of
this title. Notice of such transmittal shall be published in
the Federal Register. No recommendation of the President
under this section may be transmitted to the Congress before
ninety days after publication in the Federal Register of
notice of his intention to submit such recommendation.
[[Page 341]]
(b) Findings
A recommendation may be transmitted to the Congress
under subsection (a) if the President finds that, based on
the information available to him--
(1) there is an urgent national need for the
mineral activity; and
(2) such national need outweighs the other
public values of the public lands involved and
the potential adverse environmental impacts
which are likely to result from the activity.
(c) Report
Together with his recommendation, the President shall
submit to the Congress--
(1) a report setting forth in detail the
relevant factual background and the reasons for
his findings and recommendation;
(2) a statement of the conditions and
stipulations which would govern the activity if
approved by the Congress; and
(3) in any case in which an environmental
impact statement is required under the National
Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321
et seq.], a statement which complies with the
requirements of section 102(2)(C) of such Act
[42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)]. In the case of any
recommendation for which an environmental impact
statement is not required under section
102(2)(C) of the National environmental Policy
Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)], the
President may, if he deems it desirable, include
such a statement in his transmittal to the
Congress.
(d) Approval
Any recommendation under this section shall take effect
only upon enactment of a joint resolution approving such
recommendation within the first period of one hundred and
twenty calendar days of continuous session of Congress
beginning on the date after the date of receipt by the
Senate and House of Representatives of such recommendation.
Any recommendation of the President submitted to Congress
under subsection (a) shall be considered received by both
Houses for purposes of this section on the first day on
which both are in session occurring after such
recommendation is submitted.
(e) One-hundred-and-twenty-day computation
For purposes of this section--
(1) continuity of session of Congress is
broken only by an adjournment sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the one-hundred-and-twenty-day
calendar period. (Pub. L. 96-487, Title XV,
Sec. 1502, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2549.)
342 Sec. 3233. Expedited Congressional review
(a) Rulemaking
This subsection is enacted by Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of each House of Congress, respectively, and as
such it is deemed a part of the rules of each
House, respectively, but applicable only with
respect to the procedure to be followed in the
House in the case of resolutions
[[Page 342]]
described by subsection (b) of this section and
it supersedes other rules only to the extent
that it is inconsistent therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as those relate to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner and to the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of such House.
(b) Resolution
For purposes of this section, the term ``resolution''
means a joint resolution, the resolving clause of which is
as follows: ``That the House of Representatives and Senate
approve the recommendation of the President for _____ in
_____ submitted to the Congress on _____, 19__.'', the first
blank space therein to be filled in with appropriate
activity, the second blank space therein to be filled in
with the name or description of the area of land affected by
the activity, and the third blank space therein to be filled
with the date on which the President submits his
recommendation to the House of Representatives and the
Senate. Such resolution may also include material relating
to the application and effect of the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.] to the
recommendation.
(c) Referral
A resolution once introduced with respect to such
Presidential recommendation shall be referred to one or more
committees (and all resolutions with respect to the same
Presidential recommendation shall be referred to the same
committee or committees) by the President of the Senate or
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the case may
be.
(d) Other procedures
Except as otherwise provided in this section the
provisions of section 719f(d) of title 15 shall apply to the
consideration of the resolution. (Pub. L. 96-487, Title XV,
Sec. 1503, Dec. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 2550.)
[[Page 343]]
TITLE 18--CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Chapter 119--WIRE AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INTERCEPTION
AND INTERCEPTION OF ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
343 Sec. 2523. Executive agreements on access to data by foreign
governments
* * * * * * *
(b) Executive Agreement Requirements.--For purposes of
this chapter, chapter 121, and chapter 206, an executive
agreement governing access by a foreign government to data
subject to this chapter, chapter 121, or chapter 206 shall
be considered to satisfy the requirements of this section if
the Attorney General, with the concurrence of the Secretary
of State, determines, and submits a written certification of
such determination to Congress, including a written
certification and explanation of each consideration in
paragraphs (1), (2), (3), and (4),
* * * * * * *
(d) Effective Date of Certification.--
(1) Notice.--Not later than 7 days after the
date on which the Attorney General certifies an
executive agreement under subsection (b), the
Attorney General shall provide notice of the
determination under subsection (b) and a copy of
the executive agreement to Congress, including--
(A) the Committee on the Judiciary and
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate; and
(B) the Committee on the Judiciary and
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives.
(2) Entry into force.--An executive
agreement that is determined and certified by
the Attorney General to satisfy the requirements
of this section shall enter into force not
earlier than the date that is 180 days after the
date on which notice is provided under paragraph
(1), unless Congress enacts a joint resolution
of disapproval in accordance with paragraph (4).
(3) Requests for information.--Upon request
by the Chairman or Ranking Member of a
congressional committee described in paragraph
(1), the head of an agency shall promptly
furnish a summary of factors considered in
determining that the foreign government
satisfies the requirements of this section.
(4) Congressional review.--
(A) Joint resolution defined.--In this
paragraph, the term ``joint resolution''
means only a joint resolution--
(i) introduced during the 180-
day period described in paragraph
(2);
(ii) which does not have a
preamble;
(iii) the title of which is as
follows: ``Joint resolution
disapproving the executive agreement
signed by the United
[[Page 344]]
States and_____.'', the blank space
being appropriately filled in; and
(iv) the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That Congress disapproves
the executive agreement governing
access by_____ to certain electronic
data as submitted by the Attorney
General on_____'', the blank spaces
being appropriately filled in.
(B) Joint resolution enacted.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of this
section, if not later than 180 days after
the date on which notice is provided to
Congress under paragraph (1), there is
enacted into law a joint resolution
disapproving of an executive agreement under
this section, the executive agreement shall
not enter into force.
(C) Introduction.--During the 180-day
period described in subparagraph (B), a
joint resolution of disapproval may be
introduced--
(i) in the House of
Representatives, by the majority
leader or the minority leader; and
(ii) in the Senate, by the
majority leader (or the majority
leader's designee) or the minority
leader (or the minority leader's
designee).
(5) Floor consideration in House of
Representatives.--If a committee of the House of
Representatives to which a joint resolution of
disapproval has been referred has not reported
the joint resolution within 120 days after the
date of referral, that committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution.
(6) Consideration in the Senate.--
(A) Committee referral.--A joint
resolution of disapproval introduced in the
Senate shall be referred jointly--
(i) to the Committee on the
Judiciary; and
(ii) to the Committee on Foreign
Relations.
(B) Reporting and discharge.--If a
committee to which a joint resolution of
disapproval was referred has not reported
the joint resolution within 120 days after
the date of referral of the joint
resolution, that committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution and the joint resolution
shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
(C) Proceeding to consideration.--It is
in order at any time after both the
Committee on the Judiciary and the Committee
on Foreign Relations report a joint
resolution of disapproval to the Senate or
have been discharged from consideration of
such a joint resolution (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) to move to proceed to the
consideration of the joint resolution, and
all points of order against the joint
resolution (and against consideration of the
joint resolution) are waived. The motion is
not debatable or subject to a motion to
postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed
to shall not be in order.
(D) Consideration in the Senate.--In the
Senate, consideration of the joint
resolution, and on all debatable motions and
appeals in connection therewith, shall be
limited to not more than 10 hours, which
shall be divided equally between those
favoring
[[Page 345]]
and those opposing the joint resolution. A
motion further to limit debate is in order
and not debatable. An amendment to, or a
motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed
to the consideration of other business, or a
motion to recommit the joint resolution is
not in order.
(E) Consideration of veto messages.--
Debate in the Senate of any veto message
with respect to a joint resolution of
disapproval, including all debatable motions
and appeals in connection with the joint
resolution, shall be limited to 10 hours, to
be equally divided between, and controlled
by, the majority leader and the minority
leader or their designees.
(7) Rules relating to Senate and House of
Representatives.--
(A) Treatment of Senate joint resolution
in house.--In the House of Representatives,
the following procedures shall apply to a
joint resolution of disapproval received
from the Senate (unless the House has
already passed a joint resolution relating
to the same proposed action):
(i) The joint resolution shall
be referred to the appropriate
committees.
(ii) If a committee to which a
joint resolution has been referred
has not reported the joint
resolution within 7 days after the
date of referral, that committee
shall be discharged from further
consideration of the joint
resolution.
(iii) Beginning on the third
legislative day after each committee
to which a joint resolution has been
referred reports the joint
resolution to the House or has been
discharged from further
consideration thereof, it shall be
in order to move to proceed to
consider the joint resolution in the
House. All points of order against
the motion are waived. Such a motion
shall not be in order after the
House has disposed of a motion to
proceed on the joint resolution. The
previous question shall be
considered as ordered on the motion
to its adoption without intervening
motion. The motion shall not be
debatable. A motion to reconsider
the vote by which the motion is
disposed of shall not be in order.
(iv) The joint resolution shall
be considered as read. All points of
order against the joint resolution
and against its consideration are
waived. The previous question shall
be considered as ordered on the
joint resolution to final passage
without intervening motion except 2
hours of debate equally divided and
controlled by the sponsor of the
joint resolution (or a designee) and
an opponent. A motion to reconsider
the vote on passage of the joint
resolution shall not be in order.
(B) Treatment of house joint resolution
in Senate.--
(i) If, before the passage by
the Senate of a joint resolution of
disapproval, the Senate receives an
identical joint resolution from the
House of Representatives, the
following procedures shall apply:
(I) That joint resolution
shall not be referred to a
committee.
(II) With respect to that
joint resolution--
[[Page 346]]
(aa) the procedure in the
Senate shall be the same as if no
joint resolution had been received
from the House of Representatives;
but
(bb) the vote on passage
shall be on the joint resolution
from the House of Representatives.
(ii) If, following passage of a
joint resolution of disapproval in
the Senate, the Senate receives an
identical joint resolution from the
House of Representatives, that joint
resolution shall be placed on the
appropriate Senate calendar.
(iii) If a joint resolution of
disapproval is received from the
House, and no companion joint
resolution has been introduced in
the Senate, the Senate procedures
under this subsection shall apply to
the House joint resolution.
(C) Application to revenue measures.--
The provisions of this paragraph shall not
apply in the House of Representatives to a
joint resolution of disapproval that is a
revenue measure.
(8) Rules of House of Representatives and
Senate.--This subsection is enacted by
Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, and as such
is deemed a part of the rules of each House,
respectively, and supersedes other rules
only to the extent that it is inconsistent
with such rules; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner, and to the same extent as in
the case of any other rule of that House.
(e) Renewal of Determination.--
(1) In general.--The Attorney General, with
the concurrence of the Secretary of State, shall
review and may renew a determination under
subsection (b) every 5 years.
(2) Report.--Upon renewing a determination
under subsection (b), the Attorney General shall
file a report with the Committee on the
Judiciary and the Committee on Foreign Relations
of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary
and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives describing--
(A) the reasons for the renewal;
(B) any substantive changes to the
agreement or to the relevant laws or
procedures of the foreign government since
the original determination or, in the case
of a second or subsequent renewal, since the
last renewal; and
(C) how the agreement has been
implemented and what problems or
controversies, if any, have arisen as a
result of the agreement or its
implementation.
(3) Nonrenewal.--If a determination is not
renewed under paragraph (1), the agreement shall
no longer be considered to satisfy the
requirements of this section.
(f) Revisions to Agreement.--A revision to an agreement
under this section shall be treated as a new agreement for
purposes of this section and shall be subject to the
certification requirement under subsection (b), and to the
procedures under subsection (d), except that for purposes of
a revision to an agreement--
[[Page 347]]
(1) the applicable time period under
paragraphs (2), (4)(A)(i), (4)(B), and (4)(C) of
subsection (d) shall be 90 days after the date
notice is provided under subsection (d)(1); and
(2) the applicable time period under
paragraphs (5) and (6)(B) of subsection (d)
shall be 60 days after the date notice is
provided under subsection (d)(1).
(g) Publication.--Any determination or certification
under subsection (b) regarding an executive agreement under
this section, including any termination or renewal of such
an agreement, shall be published in the Federal Register as
soon as is reasonably practicable.
(h) Minimization Procedures.--A United States authority
that receives the content of a communication described in
subsection (b)(4)(H) from a foreign government in accordance
with an executive agreement under this section shall use
procedures that, to the maximum extent possible, meet the
definition of minimization procedures in section 101 of the
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C.
1801) to appropriately protect nonpublicly available
information concerning United States persons. (Added Pub. L.
115-141, div. V, Sec. 105(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1217,
1224.)
19 u.s.c.--customs duties
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 348]]
TITLE 19--CUSTOMS DUTIES
Chapter 4--TARIFF ACT OF 1930
344 Sec. 1332 note. American manufacturing competitiveness
* * * * * * *
``SEC. 5. PUBLICATION OF LIMITED TARIFF BENEFITS IN THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE SENATE.
``(a) House of Representatives.--
``(1) In general.--The chair of the
Committee on Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives shall include a list of limited
tariff benefits contained in a miscellaneous
tariff bill in the report to accompany such a
bill or, in a case where a miscellaneous tariff
bill is not reported by the committee, shall
cause such a list to be printed in the
appropriate section of the Congressional Record.
``(2) Limited tariff benefit defined.--For
purposes of this subsection and consistent with
clause 9 of rule XXI of the Rules of the House
of Representatives, as in effect during the One
Hundred Fourteenth Congress, the term `limited
tariff benefit' means a provision modifying the
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States
[see Publication of Harmonized Tariff Schedule
note set out under section 1202 of this title]
in a manner that benefits 10 or fewer entities.
``(b) Senate.--
``(1) In general.--The chairman of the
Committee on Finance of the Senate, the Majority
Leader of the Senate, or the designee of the
Majority Leader of the Senate, shall provide for
the publication in the Congressional Record of a
certification that--
``(A) each limited tariff benefit
contained in a miscellaneous tariff bill
considered in the Senate has been identified
through lists, charts, or other similar
means; and
``(B) the information identified in
subparagraph (A) has been available on a
publicly accessible congressional website in
a searchable format at least 48 hours before
the vote on the motion to proceed to the
miscellaneous tariff bill or the vote on the
adoption of a report of a committee of
conference in connection with the
miscellaneous tariff bill, as the case may
be.
``(2) Satisfaction of Senate rules.--
Publication of a certification in the
Congressional Record under paragraph (1)
satisfies the certification requirements of
paragraphs 1(a), 2(a), and 3(a) of rule XLIV of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
``(3) Limited tariff benefit defined.--For
purposes of this subsection and consistent with
rule XLIV of the Standing Rules of the Senate,
as in effect during the One Hundred Fourteenth
Congress, the term `limited tariff benefit'
means a provision modifying the Harmonized
Tariff Schedule of the United States in a manner
that benefits 10 or fewer entities.
``(c) Enactment as Exercise of Rulemaking Power of House
of Representatives and Senate.--This section is enacted by
Congress--
[[Page 349]]
``(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives and the Senate,
respectively, and as such are deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, and such
procedures supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent with such
other rules; and
``(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 114-159,
Sec. 5, May. 20, 2016, 130 Stat. 402.)
Chapter 7--TRADE EXPANSION PROGRAM
345 Sec. 1862. Safeguarding national security
* * * * * * *
(c) Adjustment of imports; determination by President;
report to Congress; additional actions; publication in
Federal Register
(1)(A) Within 90 days after receiving a report submitted
under subsection (b)(3)(A) in which the Secretary finds that
an article is being imported into the United States in such
quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to
impair the national security, the President shall--
(i) determine whether the President concurs
with the finding of the Secretary, and
(ii) if the President concurs, determine the
nature and duration of the action that, in the
judgment of the President, must be taken to
adjust the imports of the article and its
derivatives so that such imports will not
threaten to impair the national security.
(B) If the President determines under subparagraph (A)
to take action to adjust imports of an article and its
derivatives, the President shall implement that action by no
later than the date that is 15 days after the day on which
the President determines to take action under subparagraph
(A).
(2) By no later than the date that is 30 days after the
date on which the President makes any determinations under
paragraph (1), the President shall submit to the Congress a
written statement of the reasons why the President has
decided to take action, or refused to take action, under
paragraph (1). Such statement shall be included in the
report published under subsection (e).
(3)(A) If--
(i) the action taken by the President under
paragraph (1) is the negotiation of an agreement
which limits or restricts the importation into,
or the exportation to, the United States of the
article that threatens to impair national
security, and
(ii) either--
(I) no such agreement is entered into
before the date that is 180 days after the
date on which the President makes the
determination under paragraph (1)(A) to take
such action, or
(II) such an agreement that has been
entered into is not being carried out or is
ineffective in eliminating the threat to the
national security posed by imports of such
article,the President shall take such other
actions as the President deems nec
[[Page 350]]
essary to adjust the imports of such article
so that such imports will not threaten to
impair the national security. The President
shall publish in the Federal Register notice
of any additional actions being taken under
this section by reason of this subparagraph.
(B) If--
(i) clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A)
apply, and
(ii) the President determines not to take
any additional actions under this subsection,
the President shall publish in the Federal
Register such determination and the reasons on
which such determination is based.
* * * * * * *
(f) Congressional disapproval of Presidential adjustment of
imports of petroleum or petroleum products; disapproval
resolution
(1) An action taken by the President under subsection
(c) to adjust imports of petroleum or petroleum products
shall cease to have force and effect upon the enactment of a
disapproval resolution, provided for in paragraph (2),
relating to that action.
(2)(A) This paragraph is enacted by the Congress--
(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives and the Senate,
respectively, and as such is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedures
to be followed in that House in the case of
disapproval resolutions and such procedures
supersede other rules only to the extent that
they are inconsistent therewith; and
(ii) with the full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as any other rule of that
House.
(B) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``disapproval resolution'' means only a joint resolution of
either House of Congress the matter after the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the Congress
disapproves the action taken under section 232 of the Trade
Expansion Act of 1962 with respect to petroleum imports
under _____ dated_____.'', the first blank space being
filled with the number of the proclamation, Executive order,
or other Executive act issued under the authority of
subsection (c) of this section for purposes of adjusting
imports of petroleum or petroleum products and the second
blank being filled with the appropriate date.
(C)(i) All disapproval resolutions introduced in the
House of Representatives shall be referred to the Committee
on Ways and Means and all disapproval resolutions introduced
in the Senate shall be referred to the Committee on Finance.
(ii) No amendment to a disapproval resolution shall be
in order in either the House of Representatives or the
Senate, and no motion to suspend the application of this
clause shall be in order in either House nor shall it be in
order in either House for the Presiding Officer to entertain
a request to suspend the application of this clause by
unanimous consent. (Pub. L. 87-794, Title II, Sec. 232, Oct.
11, 1962, 76 Stat. 877; Pub. L. 93-618, Title I,
Sec. 127(d), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1993; Pub.
[[Page 351]]
L. 96-223, Title IV, Sec. 402, Apr. 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 301;
Pub. L. 100-418, Title I, Sec. 1501(a), (b)(1), Aug. 23,
1988, 102 Stat. 1257, 1259.)
Chapter 12--TRADE ACT OF 1974
346 Sec. 2191. Bills implementing trade agreements on nontariff
barriers and resolutions approving commercial agreements
with Communist countries
(a) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
This section and sections 2192 and 2193 of this title
are enacted by the Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives and the Senate,
respectively, and as such they are deemed a part
of the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of
implementing bills described in subsection
(b)(1), implementing revenue bills described in
subsection (b)(2), approval resolutions
described in subsection (b)(3), and resolutions
described in sections 2192(a) and 2193(a) of
this title; and they supersede other rules only
to the extent that they are inconsistent
therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House.
(b) Definitions
For purposes of this section--
(1) The term ``implementing bill'' means
only a bill of either House of Congress which is
introduced as provided in subsection (c) with
respect to one or more trade agreements, or with
respect to an extension described in section
3572(c)(3) of this title, submitted to the House
of Representatives and the Senate under section
2112 of this title, section 3572 of this title,
or section 4205(a)(1) of this title and which
contains--
(A) a provision approving such trade
agreement or agreements or such extension,
(B) a provision approving the statement
of administrative action (if any) proposed
to implement such trade agreement or
agreements, and
(C) if changes in existing laws or new
statutory authority is required to implement
such trade agreement or agreements or such
extension, provisions, necessary or
appropriate to implement such trade
agreement or agreements or such extension,
either repealing or amending existing laws
or providing new statutory authority.
(2) The term ``implementing revenue bill or
resolution'' means an implementing bill, or
approval resolution, which contains one or more
revenue measures by reason of which it must
originate in the House of Representatives.
(3) The term ``approval resolution'' means
only a joint resolution of the two Houses of the
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: ``That the Congress
approves the extension of nondiscriminatory
treatment with respect to the products of _____
transmitted by the President to the Congress on
[[Page 352]]
_____.'', the first blank space being filled
with the name of the country involved and the
second blank space being filled with the
appropriate date.
(c) Introduction and referral
(1) On the day on which a trade agreement or extension
is submitted to the House of Representatives and the Senate
under section 2112 of this title, section 3572 of this
title, or section 4205(a)(1) of this title, the implementing
bill submitted by the President with respect to such trade
agreement or extension shall be introduced (by request) in
the House by the majority leader of the House, for himself
and the minority leader of the House, or by Members of the
House designated by the majority leader and minority leader
of the House; and shall be introduced (by request) in the
Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself and
the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members of the
Senate designated by the majority leader and minority leader
of the Senate. If either House is not in session on the day
on which such a trade agreement or extension is submitted,
the implementing bill shall be introduced in that House, as
provided in the preceding sentence, on the first day
thereafter on which that House is in session. Such bills
shall be referred by the Presiding Officers of the
respective Houses to the appropriate committee, or, in the
case of a bill containing provisions within the jurisdiction
of two or more committees, jointly to such committees for
consideration of those provisions within their respective
jurisdictions.
(2) On the day on which a bilateral commercial
agreement, entered into under subchapter IV of this chapter
after January 3, 1975, is transmitted to the House of
Representatives and the Senate, an approval resolution with
respect to such agreement shall be introduced (by request)
in the House by the majority leader of the House, for
himself and the minority leader of the House, or by Members
of the House designated by the majority leader and minority
leader of the House; and shall be introduced (by request) in
the Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself
and the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members of the
Senate designated by the majority leader and minority leader
of the Senate. If either House is not in session on the day
on which such an agreement is transmitted, the approval
resolution with respect to such agreement shall be
introduced in that House, as provided in the preceding
sentence, on the first day thereafter on which that House is
in session. The approval resolution introduced in the House
shall be referred to the Committee on Ways and Means and the
approval resolution introduced in the Senate shall be
referred to the Committee on Finance.
(d) Amendments prohibited
No amendment to an implementing bill or approval
resolution shall be in order in either the House of
Representatives or the Senate; and no motion to suspend the
application of this subsection shall be in order in either
House, nor shall it be in order in either House for the
Presiding Officer to entertain a request to suspend the
application of this subsection by unanimous consent.
[[Page 353]]
(e) Period for committee and floor consideration
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), if the
committee or committees of either House to which an
implementing bill or approval resolution has been referred
have not reported it at the close of the 45th day after its
introduction, such committee or committees shall be
automatically discharged from further consideration of the
bill or resolution and it shall be placed on the appropriate
calendar. A vote on final passage of the bill or resolution
shall be taken in each House on or before the close of the
15th day after the bill or resolution is reported by the
committee or committees of that House to which it was
referred, or after such committee or committees have been
discharged from further consideration of the bill or
resolution. If prior to the passage by one House of an
implementing bill or approval resolution of that House, that
House receives the same implementing bill or approval
resolution from the other House, then--
(A) the procedure in that House shall be the
same as if no implementing bill or approval
resolution had been received from the other
House, but
(B) the vote on final passage shall be on
the implementing bill or approval resolution of
the other House.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall not apply in
the Senate to an implementing revenue bill or resolution. An
implementing revenue bill or resolution received from the
House shall be referred to the appropriate committee or
committees of the Senate. If such committee or committees
have not reported such bill or resolution at the close of
the 15th day after its receipt by the Senate (or, if later,
before the close of the 45th day after the corresponding
implementing revenue bill or resolution was introduced in
the Senate), such committee or committees shall be
automatically discharged from further consideration of such
bill or resolution and it shall be placed on the calendar. A
vote on final passage of such bill or resolution shall be
taken in the Senate on or before the close of the 15th day
after such bill or resolution is reported by the committee
or committees of the Senate to which it was referred, or
after such committee or committees have been discharged from
further consideration of such bill or resolution.
(3) For purposes of paragraphs (1) and (2), in computing
a number of days in either House, there shall be excluded
any day on which that House is not in session.
(f) Floor consideration in the House
(1) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed
to the consideration of an implementing bill or approval
resolution shall be highly privileged and not debatable. An
amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it
be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(2) Debate in the House of Representatives on an
implementing bill or approval resolution shall be limited to
not more than 20 hours, which shall be divided equally
between those favoring and those opposing the bill or
resolution. A motion further to limit debate shall not be
debatable. It shall not be in order to move to recommit an
implementing bill or approval resolution or to move to
reconsider the vote by which an implementing bill or
approval resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
[[Page 354]]
(3) Motions to postpone, made in the House of
Representatives with respect to the consideration of an
implementing bill or approval resolution, and motions to
proceed to the consideration of other business, shall be
decided without debate.
(4) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating
to the application of the Rules of the House of
Representatives to the procedure relating to an implementing
bill or approval resolution shall be decided without debate.
(5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the
preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of an
implementing bill or approval resolution shall be governed
by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to
other bills and resolutions in similar circumstances.
(g) Floor consideration in the Senate
(1) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the
consideration of an implementing bill or approval resolution
shall be privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the
motion shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order to
move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to
or disagreed to.
(2) Debate in the Senate on an implementing bill or
approval resolution, and all debatable motions and appeals
in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than
20 hours. The time shall be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader
or their designees.
(3) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or
appeal in connection with an implementing bill or approval
resolution shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, to be
equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover and
the manager of the bill or resolution, except that in the
event the manager of the bill or resolution is in favor of
any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition thereto,
shall be controlled by the minority leader or his designee.
Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time under their
control on the passage of an implementing bill or approval
resolution, allot additional time to any Senator during the
consideration of any debatable motion or appeal.
(4) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate is
not debatable. A motion to recommit an implementing bill or
approval resolution is not in order. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title
I, Sec. 151, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2001; Pub. L. 100-418,
Title I, Sec. 1107(b)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1135;
Pub. L. 101-382, Title I, Sec. 132(b)(2), Aug. 20, 1990, 104
Stat. 645; Pub. L. 103-465, Title II, Sec. 282(c)(4), Dec.
8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4929; Pub. L. 107-210, div. B, Title XXI,
Sec. 2110(a)(1), Aug. 6, 2002, 116 Stat. 1019; Pub. L. 114-
26, Title I, Sec. 110(a)(6), June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 358.)
347 Sec. 2192. Resolutions disapproving certain actions
(a) Contents of resolutions
(1) For purposes of this section, the term
``resolution'' means only--
(A) a joint resolution of the two Houses of
the Congress, the matter after the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the
Congress does not approve the action taken by,
or the determination of, the President under
section 203 of the Trade Act of 1974 transmitted
to the Congress on _____'', the blank space
being filled with the appropriate date; and
[[Page 355]]
(B) a joint resolution of the two Houses of
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: ``That the Congress does
not approve _____ transmitted to the Congress on
_____.'', with the first blank space being
filled in accordance with paragraph (2), and the
second blank space being filled with the
appropriate date.
(2) The first blank space referred to in paragraph
(1)(B) shall be filled, in the case of a resolution referred
to in section 2437(c)(2) of this title, with the phrase
``the report of the President submitted under section __ of
the Trade Act of 1974 with respect to _____'' (with the
first blank space being filled with ``402(b)'' or
``409(b)'', as appropriate, and the second blank space being
filled with the name of the country involved).
(b) Reference to committees
All resolutions introduced in the House of
Representatives shall be referred to the Committee on Ways
and Means and all resolutions introduced in the Senate shall
be referred to the Committee on Finance.
(c) Discharge of committees
(1) If the committee of either House to which a
resolution has been referred has not reported it at the end
of 30 days after its introduction, not counting any day
which is excluded under section 2194(b) of this title, it is
in order to move either to discharge the committee from
further consideration of the resolution or to discharge the
committee from further consideration of any other resolution
introduced with respect to the same matter, except that a
motion to discharge--
(A) may only be made on the second
legislative day after the calendar day on which
the Member making the motion announces to the
House his intention to do so; and
(B) is not in order after the Committee has
reported a resolution with respect to the same
matter.
(2) A motion to discharge under paragraph (1) may be
made only by an individual favoring the resolution, and is
highly privileged in the House and privileged in the Senate;
and debate thereon shall be limited to not more than 1 hour,
the time to be divided in the House equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution, and to be
divided in the Senate equally between, and controlled by,
the majority leader and the minority leader or their
designees. An amendment to the motion is not in order, and
it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which
the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(d) Floor consideration in the House
(1) A motion in the House of Representatives to proceed
to the consideration of a resolution shall be highly
privileged and not debatable. An amendment to the motion
shall not be in order, nor shall it be in order to move to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(2) Debate in the House of Representatives on a
resolution shall be limited to not more than 20 hours, which
shall be divided equally between those favoring and those
opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate
shall not be debatable. No amendment to, or motion to
recommit, the resolution shall be in order. It shall not be
in order
[[Page 356]]
to move to reconsider the vote by which a resolution is
agreed to or disagreed to.
(3) Motions to postpone, made in the House of
Representatives with respect to the consideration of a
resolution, and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(4) All appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating
to the application of the Rules of the House of
Representatives to the procedure relating to a resolution
shall be decided without debate.
(5) Except to the extent specifically provided in the
preceding provisions of this subsection, consideration of a
resolution in the House of Representatives shall be governed
by the Rules of the House of Representatives applicable to
other resolutions in similar circumstances.
(e) Floor consideration in the Senate
(1) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the
consideration of a resolution shall be privileged. An
amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it
be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(2) Debate in the Senate on a resolution, and all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall
be limited to not more than 20 hours, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the majority leader and the
minority leader or their designees.
(3) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or
appeal in connection with a resolution shall be limited to
not more than 1 hour, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the manager of the resolution,
except that in the event the manager of the resolution is in
favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition
thereto, shall be controlled by the minority leader or his
designee. Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time
under their control on the passage of a resolution, allot
additional time to any Senator during the consideration of
any debatable motion or appeal.
(4) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate on a
resolution, debatable motion, or appeal is not debatable. No
amendment to, or motion to recommit, a resolution is in
order in the Senate.
(f) Procedures in the Senate
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the
following procedures shall apply in the Senate to a
resolution to which this section applies:
(A)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), a
resolution that has passed the House of
Representatives shall, when received in the
Senate, be referred to the Committee on Finance
for consideration in accordance with this
section.
(ii) If a resolution to which this section
applies was introduced in the Senate before
receipt of a resolution that has passed the
House of Representatives, the resolution from
the House of Representatives shall, when
received in the Senate, be placed on the
calendar. If this clause applies, the procedures
in the Senate with respect to a resolution
introduced in the Senate that contains the
identical matter as the resolution that passed
the House of Representatives shall be the same
as if no resolution had been received from the
House of Representatives, except that the vote
on passage in the Senate shall be on the
resolution that passed the House of
Representatives.
[[Page 357]]
(B) If the Senate passes a resolution before
receiving from the House of Representatives a
joint resolution that contains the identical
matter, the joint resolution shall be held at
the desk pending receipt of the joint resolution
from the House of Representatives. Upon receipt
of the joint resolution from the House of
Representatives, such joint resolution shall be
deemed to be read twice, considered, read the
third time, and passed.
(2) If the texts of joint resolutions described in this
section or section 2193(a) of this title, whichever is
applicable, concerning any matter are not identical--
(A) the Senate shall vote passage on the
resolution introduced in the Senate, and
(B) the text of the joint resolution passed
by the Senate shall, immediately upon its
passage (or, if later, upon receipt of the joint
resolution passed by the House), be substituted
for the text of the joint resolution passed by
the House of Representatives, and such
resolution, as amended, shall be returned with a
request for a conference between the two Houses.
(3) Consideration in the Senate of any veto message with
respect to a joint resolution described in subsection
(a)(2)(B) or section 2193(a) of this title, including
consideration of all debatable motions and appeals in
connection therewith, shall be limited to 10 hours, to be
equally divided between, and controlled by, the majority
leader and the minority leader or their designees. (Pub. L.
93-618, Title I, Sec. 152, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2004; Pub.
L. 96-39, Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(1), Title XI,
Sec. 1106(c)(5), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 299, 312; Pub. L.
98-573, Title II, Sec. 248(b), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2998;
Pub. L. 101-382, Title I, Sec. 132(c)(2)-(5), Aug. 20, 1990,
104 Stat. 646, 647; Pub. L. 103-465, Title II,
Sec. 261(d)(1)(A)(ii), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4909; Pub. L.
104-295, Sec. 20(b)(10), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3527.)
348 Sec. 2193. Resolutions relating to extension of waiver
authority under section 402 of the Trade Act of 1974
(a) Contents of resolution
For purposes of this section, the term ``resolution''
means only a joint resolution of the two Houses of Congress,
the matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress does not approve the extension
of the authority contained in section 402(c) of the Trade
Act of 1974 recommended by the President to the Congress
on_____ with respect to_____.'', with the first blank space
being filled with the appropriate date, and the second blank
space being filled with the names of those countries, if
any, with respect to which such extension of authority is
not approved, and with the clause beginning with ``with
respect to'' being omitted if the extension of the authority
is not approved with respect to any country.
(b) Application of rules of section 2192 of this title;
exceptions
(1) Except as provided in this section, the provisions
of section 2192 of this title shall apply to resolutions
described in subsection (a).
(2) In applying section 2192(c)(1) of this title, all
calendar days shall be counted.
(3) That part of section 2192(d)(2) of this title which
provides that no amendment is in order shall not apply to
any amendment to a resolution which is limited to striking
out or inserting the names of
[[Page 358]]
one or more countries or to striking out or inserting a
with-respect-to clause. Debate in the House of
Representatives on any amendment to a resolution shall be
limited to not more than 1 hour which shall be equally
divided between those favoring and those opposing the
amendment. A motion in the House to further limit debate on
an amendment to a resolution is not debatable.
(4) That part of section 2192(e)(4) of this title which
provides that no amendment is in order shall not apply to
any amendment to a resolution which is limited to striking
out or inserting the names of one or more countries or to
striking out or inserting a with-respect-to clause. The time
limit on a debate on a resolution in the Senate under
section 2192(e)(2) of this title shall include all
amendments to a resolution. Debate in the Senate on any
amendment to a resolution shall be limited to not more than
1 hour, to be equally divided between, and controlled by,
the mover and the manager of the resolution, except that in
the event the manager of the resolution is in favor of any
such amendment, the time in opposition thereto shall be
controlled by the minority leader or his designee. The
majority leader and minority leader may, from time under
their control on the passage of a resolution, allot
additional time to any Senator during the consideration of
any amendment. A motion in the Senate to further limit
debate on an amendment to a resolution is not debatable.
(c) Consideration of second resolution not in order
It shall not be in order in either the House of
Representatives or the Senate to consider a resolution with
respect to a recommendation of the President under section
2432(d) of this title (other than a resolution described in
subsection (a) received from the other House), if that House
has adopted a resolution with respect to the same
recommendation.
(d) Procedures relating to conference reports in the Senate
(1) Consideration in the Senate of the conference report
on any joint resolution described in subsection (a),
including consideration of all amendments in disagreement
(and all amendments thereto), and consideration of all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall
be limited to 10 hours, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the minority leader
or their designees. Debate on any debatable motion or appeal
related to the conference report shall be limited to 1 hour,
to be equally divided between, and controlled by, the mover
and the manager of the conference report.
(2) In any case in which there are amendments in
disagreement, time on each amendment shall be limited to 30
minutes, to be equally divided between, and controlled by,
the manager of the conference report and the minority leader
or his designee. No amendment to any amendment in
disagreement shall be received unless it is a germane
amendment. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title I, Sec. 153, Jan. 3, 1975,
88 Stat. 2006; Pub. L. 101-382, Title I, Sec. 132(a)(3)-(6),
Aug. 20, 1990, 104 Stat. 644, 645.)
349 Sec. 2194. Special rules relating to Congressional
procedures
(a) Delivery of documents to both Houses
Whenever, pursuant to section 2112(e), 2253(b), 2432(d),
or 2437(a) or (b), a document is required to be transmitted
to the Congress, copies of such document shall be delivered
to both Houses of Congress on
[[Page 359]]
the same day and shall be delivered to the Clerk of the
House of Representatives if the House is not in session and
to the Secretary of the Senate if the Senate is not in
session.
(b) Computation of 90-day period
For purposes of sections 2253(c) and 2437(c)(2) of this
title, the 90-day period referred to in such sections shall
be computed by excluding--
(1) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than 3
days to a day certain or an adjournment of the
Congress sine die, and
(2) any Saturday and Sunday, not excluded
under paragraph (1), when either House is not in
session. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title I, Sec. 154,
Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2008; Pub. L. 96-39,
Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(2), July 26, 1979, 93
Stat. 300; Pub. L. 101-382, Title I,
Sec. 132(c)(6), Aug. 20, 1990, 104 Stat. 647;
Pub. L. 103-465, Title II,
Sec. 261(d)(1)(A)(iii), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat.
4909; Pub. L. 106-36, Title I, Sec. 1001(a)(5),
June 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 130.)
350 Sec. 2253. Action by President after determination of import
injury
* * * * * * *
(b) Reports to Congress
(1) On the day the President takes action under
subsection (a)(1), the President shall transmit to Congress
a document describing the action and the reasons for taking
the action. If the action taken by the President differs
from the action required to be recommended by the Commission
under section 2252(e)(1) of this title, the President shall
state in detail the reasons for the difference.
(2) On the day on which the President decides that there
is no appropriate and feasible action to take under
subsection (a)(1) with respect to a domestic industry, the
President shall transmit to Congress a document that sets
forth in detail the reasons for the decision.
(3) On the day on which the President takes any action
under subsection (a)(1) that is not reported under paragraph
(1), the President shall transmit to Congress a document
setting forth the action being taken and the reasons
therefor.
(c) Implementation of action recommended by Commission
If the President reports under subsection (b)(1) or (2)
that--
(1) the action taken under subsection (a)(1)
differs from the action recommended by the
Commission under section 2252(e)(1) of this
title; or
(2) no action will be taken under subsection
(a)(1) with respect to the domestic industry;the
action recommended by the Commission shall take
effect (as provided in subsection (d)(2)) upon
the enactment of a joint resolution described in
section 2192(a)(1)(A) of this title within the
90-day period beginning on the date on which the
document referred to in subsection (b)(1) or (2)
is transmitted to the Congress. (Pub. L. 93-618,
Title II, Sec. 203, Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2015;
Pub. L. 96-39, Title XI, Sec. 1106(d), July 26,
1979, 93 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 98-573, Title II,
Sec. 248(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2998; Pub.
L. 100-418, Title I, Sec. Sec. 1214(j)(2),
1401(a), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1158, 1234;
Pub. L. 100-647, Title IX, Sec. 9001(a)(2), Nov.
[[Page 360]]
10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3806; Pub. L. 103-465, Title
III, Sec. Sec. 301(d)(3), 302(a)-(b)(4)(A),
303(7) (10), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 4933-4937.)
* * * * * * *
351 Sec. 2432. Freedom of emigration in East-West trade
* * * * * * *
(c) Waiver authority of President
(1) During the 18-month period beginning on January 3,
1975, the President is authorized to waive by Executive
order the application of subsections (a) and (b) with
respect to any country, if he reports to the Congress that--
(A) he has determined that such waiver will
substantially promote the objectives of this
section; and
(B) he has received assurances that the
emigration practices of that country will
henceforth lead substantially to the achievement
of the objectives of this section.
(2) During any period subsequent to the 18-month period
referred to in paragraph (1), the President is authorized to
waive by Executive order the application of subsections (a)
and (b) with respect to any country, if the waiver authority
granted by this subsection continues to apply to such
country pursuant to subsection (d), and if he reports to the
Congress that--
(A) he has determined that such waiver will
substantially promote the objectives of this
section; and
(B) he has received assurances that the
emigration practices of that country will
henceforth lead substantially to the achievement
of the objectives of this section.
(3) A waiver with respect to any country shall terminate
on the day after the waiver authority granted by this
subsection ceases to be effective with respect to such
country pursuant to subsection (d). The President may, at
any time, terminate by Executive order any waiver granted
under this subsection.
(d) Extension of waiver authority
(1) If the President determines that the further
extension of the waiver authority granted under subsection
(c) will substantially promote the objectives of this
section, he may recommend further extensions of such
authority for successive 12-month periods. Any such
recommendations shall--
(A) be made not later than 30 days before
the expiration of such authority;
(B) be made in a document transmitted to the
House of Representatives and the Senate setting
forth his reasons for recommending the extension
of such authority; and
(C) include, for each country with respect
to which a waiver granted under subsection (c)
is in effect, a determination that continuation
of the waiver applicable to that country will
substantially promote the objectives of this
section, and a statement setting forth his
reasons for such determination.
If the President recommends the further extension of
such authority, such authority shall continue in effect
until the end of the 12-month period following the end of
the previous 12-month extension with respect to any country
(except for any country with respect to which such author
[[Page 361]]
ity has not been extended under this subsection), unless a
joint resolution described in section 2193(a) of this title
is enacted into law pursuant to the provisions of paragraph
(2).
(2)(A) The requirements of this paragraph are met if the
joint resolution is enacted under the procedures set forth
in section 2193 of this title, and--
(i) the Congress adopts and transmits
the joint resolution to the President before
the end of the 60-day period beginning on
the date the waiver authority would expire
but for an extension under paragraph (1),
and
(ii) if the President vetoes the joint
resolution, each House of Congress votes to
override such veto on or before the later of
the last day of the 60-day period referred
to in clause (i) or the last day of the 15-
day period (excluding any day described in
section 2194(b) of this title) beginning on
the date the Congress receives the veto
message from the President.
(B) If a joint resolution is enacted into law under the
provisions of this paragraph, the waiver authority
applicable to any country with respect to which the joint
resolution disapproves of the extension of such authority
shall cease to be effective as of the day after the 60-day
period beginning on the date of the enactment of the joint
resolution.
(C) A joint resolution to which this subsection and
section 2193 of this title apply may be introduced at any
time on or after the date the President transmits to the
Congress the document described in paragraph (1)(B).
(e) Countries not covered
This section shall not apply to any country the products
of which are eligible for the rates set forth in rate column
numbered 1 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States on
January 3, 1975. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title IV, Sec. 402, Jan.
3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2056; Pub. L. 96-39, Title XI,
Sec. 1106(f)(1), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 101-
382, Title I, Sec. 132(a)(1), (2), Aug. 20, 1990, 104 Stat.
643, 644; Pub. L. 105-206, Title V, Sec. 5003(b)(2)(A), July
22, 1998, 112 Stat. 789.)
352 Sec. 2437. Procedure for Congressional approval or
disapproval of extension of nondiscriminatory treatment
and Presidential reports
(a) Transmission of nondiscriminatory treatment documents to
Congress
Whenever the President issues a proclamation under
section 2434 of this title extending nondiscriminatory
treatment to the products of any foreign country, he shall
promptly transmit to the House of Representatives and to the
Senate a document setting forth the proclamation and the
agreement the proclamation proposes to implement, together
with his reasons therefor.
(b) Transmission of freedom of emigration documents to
Congress
The President shall transmit to the House of
Representatives and the Senate a document containing the
initial report submitted by him under section 2432(b) or
2439(b) of this title with respect to a nonmarket economy
country. On or before December 31 of each year, the
President shall transmit to the House of Representatives and
the Senate, a docu
[[Page 362]]
ment containing the report required by section 2432(b) or
2439(b) of this title as the case may be, to be submitted on
or before such December 31.
(c) Effective date of proclamations and agreements;
disapproval of reports
(1) In the case of a document referred to in subsection
(a), the proclamation set forth in the document may become
effective and the agreement set forth in the document may
enter into force and effect only if a joint resolution
described in section 2191(b)(3) of this title that approves
of the extension of nondiscriminatory treatment to the
products of the country concerned is enacted into law.
(2) In the case of a document referred to in subsection
(b) which contains a report submitted by the President under
section 2432(b) or 2439(b) of this title with respect to a
nonmarket economy country, if, before the close of the 90-
day period beginning on the day on which such document is
delivered to the House of Representatives and to the Senate,
a joint resolution described in section 2192(a)(1)(B) of
this title is enacted into law that disapproves of the
report submitted by the President with respect to such
country, then, beginning with the day after the end of the
60-day period beginning with the date of the enactment of
such resolution of disapproval, (A) nondiscriminatory
treatment shall not be in force with respect to the products
of such country, and the products of such country shall be
dutiable at the rates set forth in rate column numbered 2 of
the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, (B)
such country may not participate in any program of the
Government of the United States which extends credit or
credit guarantees or investment guarantees, and (C) no
commercial agreement may thereafter be concluded with such
country under this subchapter. If the President vetoes the
joint resolution, the joint resolution shall be treated as
enacted into law before the end of the 90-day period under
this paragraph if both Houses of Congress vote to override
such veto on or before the later of the last day of such 90-
day period or the last day of the 15-day period (excluding
any day described in section 2194(b) of this title)
beginning on the date the Congress receives the veto message
from the President. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title IV, Sec. 407,
Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2063; Pub. L. 100-418, Title I,
Sec. 1214(j)(4), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1158 ; Pub. L.
101-382, Title I, Sec. 132(b)(3), (c)(1), Aug. 20, 1990, 104
Stat. 646.)
353 Sec. 2492. Tariff treatment of products of uncooperative
major drug producing or drug-transit countries
(a) Required action by President
Subject to subsection (b), for every major drug
producing country and every major drug-transit country, the
President shall, on or after March 1, 1987, and March 1 of
each succeeding year, to the extent considered necessary by
the President to achieve the purposes of this subchapter--
(1) deny to any or all of the products of
that country tariff treatment under the
Generalized System of Preferences, the Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act [19 U.S.C. 2701 et
seq.], or any other law providing preferential
tariff treatment;
(2) apply to any or all of the dutiable
products of that country an additional duty at a
rate not to exceed 50 percent ad valorem or the
specific rate equivalent;
[[Page 363]]
(3) apply to one or more duty-free products
of that country a duty at a rate not to exceed
50 percent ad valorem;
(4) take the steps described in subsection
(d)(1) or (d)(2), or both, to curtail air
transportation between the United States and
that country;
(5) withdraw the personnel and resources of
the United States from participation in any
arrangement with that country for the pre-
clearance of customs by visitors between the
United States and that country; or
(6) take any combination of the actions
described in paragraphs (1) through (5).
(b) Certifications; Congressional action
(1)(A) Subject to paragraph (3), subsection
(a) shall not apply with respect to a country if
the President determines and certifies to the
Congress, at the time of the submission of the
report required by section 2291h of title 22,
that-- * * *
* * * * * * *
(3) Subsection (a) shall apply to a country
without regard to paragraph (1) of this
subsection if the Congress enacts, within 45
days of continuous session after receipt of a
certification under paragraph (1), a joint
resolution disapproving the determination of the
President contained in that certification.
(4) If the President takes action under
subsection (a), that action shall remain in
effect until--
(A) the President makes the
certification under paragraph (1), a period
of 45 days of continuous session of Congress
elapses, and during that period the Congress
does not enact a joint resolution of
disapproval; or
(B) the President submits at any other
time a certification of the matters
described in paragraph (1) with respect to
that country, a period of 45 days of
continuous session of Congress elapses, and
during that period the Congress does not
enact a joint resolution of disapproving the
determination contained in that
certification.
(5) For the purpose of expediting the
consideration and enactment of joint resolutions
under paragraphs (3) and (4)--
(A) a motion to proceed to the
consideration of any such joint resolution
after it has been reported by the Committee
on Ways and Means shall be treated as highly
privileged in the House of Representatives;
and
(B) a motion to proceed to the
consideration of any such joint resolution
after it has been reported by the Committee
on Finance shall be treated as privileged in
the Senate. (Pub. L. 93-618, Title VIII,
Sec. 802, as added Pub. L. 99-570, Title IX,
Sec. 9001, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207-
164; amended Pub. L. 100-204, Title VIII,
Sec. 806(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1398;
Pub. L. 100-690, Title IV, Sec. 4408, Nov.
18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4281; Pub. L. 101-231,
Sec. 17(h)(1)-(4), Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat.
[[Page 364]]
1965; Pub. L. 106-36, Title I,
Sec. 1001(a)(8), June 25, 1999, 113 Stat.
131.)
* * * * * * *
354 Sec. 2495. Definitions
For purposes of this subchapter--
(1) continuity of a session of Congress is
broken only by an adjournment of the Congress
sine die, and the days on which either House is
not in session because of an adjournment of more
than three days to a day certain are excluded in
the computation of the period indicated. (Pub.
L. 93-618, Title VIII, Sec. 805, as added Pub.
L. 99-570, Title IX, Sec. 9001, Oct. 27, 1986,
100 Stat. 3207-166; amended Pub. L. 101-231,
Sec. 17(h)(5), Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1965;
Pub. L. 106-36, Title I, Sec. 1001(a)(10), June
25, 1999, 113 Stat. 131.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 17--NEGOTIATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TRADE
AGREEMENTS
355 Sec. 2903. Implementation of trade agreements
(a) In general
(1) Any agreement entered into under section 2902(b) or
(c) of this title shall enter into force with respect to the
United States if (and only if)--
(A) the President, at least 90 calendar days
before the day on which he enters into the trade
agreement, notifies the House of Representatives
and the Senate of his intention to enter into
the agreement, and promptly thereafter publishes
notice of such intention in the Federal
Register;
(B) after entering into the agreement, the
President submits a document to the House of
Representatives and to the Senate containing a
copy of the final legal text of the agreement,
together with--
(i) a draft of an implementing bill,
(ii) a statement of any administrative
action proposed to implement the trade
agreement, and
(iii) the supporting information
described in paragraph (2); and
(C) the implementing bill is enacted into
law.
* * * * * * *
(b) Application of Congressional ``fast track'' procedures
to implementing bills
(1) Except as provided in subsection (c)--
(A) the provisions of section 2191 of this
title (hereinafter in this section referred to
as ``fast track procedures'') apply to
implementing bills submitted with respect to
trade agreements entered into under section
2902(b) or (c) of this title before June 1,
1991; and
(B) such fast track procedures shall be
extended to implementing bills submitted with
respect to trade agreements entered into under
section 2902(b) or (c) of this title after May
31, 1991, and before June 1, 1993, if (and only
if)--
[[Page 365]]
(i) the President requests such
extension under paragraph (2); and
(ii) neither House of the Congress
adopts an extension disapproval resolution
under paragraph (5) before June 1, 1991.
(2) If the President is of the opinion that the fast
track procedures should be extended to implementing bills
described in paragraph (1)(B), the President must submit to
the Congress, no later than March 1, 1991, a written report
that contains a request for such extension, together with--
(A) a description of all trade agreements
that have been negotiated under section 2902(b)
or (c) of this title and the anticipated
schedule for submitting such agreements to the
Congress for approval;
(B) a description of the progress that has
been made in multilateral and bilateral
negotiations to achieve the purposes, policies,
and objectives of this title, and a statement
that such progress justifies the continuation of
negotiations; and
(C) a statement of the reasons why the
extension is needed to complete the
negotiations.
(3) The President shall promptly inform the Advisory
Committee for Trade Policy and Negotiations established
under section 2155 of this title of his decision to submit a
report to Congress under paragraph (2). The Advisory
Committee shall submit to the Congress as soon as
practicable, but no later than March 1, 1991, a written
report that contains--
(A) its views regarding the progress that
has been made in multilateral and bilateral
negotiations to achieve the purposes, policies,
and objectives of this title; and
(B) a statement of its views, and the
reasons therefor, regarding whether the
extension requested under paragraph (2) should
be approved or disapproved.
(4) The reports submitted to the Congress under
paragraphs (2) and (3), or any portion of the reports, may
be classified to the extent the President determines
appropriate.
(5)(A) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``extension disapproval resolution'' means a resolution of
either House of the Congress, the sole matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That the _____
disapproves the request of the President for the extension,
under section 1103(b)(1)(B)(i) of the Omnibus Trade and
Competitiveness Act of 1988, of the provisions of section
151 of the Trade Act of 1974 to any implementing bill
submitted with respect to any trade agreement entered into
under section 1102(b) or (c) of such Act after May 31, 1991,
because sufficient tangible progress has not been made in
trade negotiations.'', with the blank space being filled
with the name of the resolving House of the Congress.
(B) Extension disapproval resolutions--
(i) may be introduced in either House of the
Congress by any member of such House; and
(ii) shall be jointly referred, in the House
of Representatives, to the Committee on Ways and
Means and the Committee on Rules.
(C) The provisions of section 2192(d) and (e) of this
title (relating to the floor consideration of certain
resolutions in the House and Senate) apply to extension
disapproval resolutions.
(D) It is not in order for--
[[Page 366]]
(i) the Senate to consider any extension
disapproval resolution not reported by the
Committee on Finance;
(ii) the House of Representatives to
consider any extension disapproval resolution
not reported by the Committee on Ways and Means
and the Committee on Rules; or
(iii) either House of the Congress to
consider an extension disapproval resolution
that is reported to such House after May 15,
1991.
(c) Limitations on use of ``fast track'' procedures
(1)(A) The fast track procedures shall not apply to any
implementing bill submitted with respect to a trade
agreement entered into under section 2902(b) or (c) of this
title if both Houses of the Congress separately agree to
procedural disapproval resolutions within any 60-day period.
(B) Procedural disapproval resolutions--
(i) in the House of Representatives--
(I) shall be introduced by the chairman
or ranking minority member of the Committee
on Ways and Means or the chairman or ranking
minority member of the Committee on Rules,
(II) shall be jointly referred to the
Committee on Ways and Means and the
Committee on Rules, and
(III) may not be amended by either
Committee; and
(ii) in the Senate shall be original
resolutions of the Committee on Finance.
(C) The provisions of section 2192(d) and (e) of this
title (relating to the floor consideration of certain
resolutions in the House and Senate) apply to procedural
disapproval resolutions.
(D) It is not in order for the House of Representatives
to consider any procedural disapproval resolution not
reported by the Committee on Ways and Means and the
Committee on Rules.
(E) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``procedural disapproval resolution'' means a resolution of
either House of the Congress, the sole matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That the
President has failed or refused to consult with Congress on
trade negotiations and trade agreements in accordance with
the provisions of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act
of 1988, and, therefore, the provisions of section 151 of
the Trade Act of 1974 shall not apply to any implementing
bill submitted with respect to any trade agreement entered
into under section 1102(b) or (c) of such Act of 1988, if,
during the 60-day period beginning on the date on which this
resolution is agreed to by the _____, the _____ agrees to a
procedural disapproval resolution (within the meaning of
section 1103(c)(1)(E) of such Act of 1988).'', with the
first blank space being filled with the name of the
resolving House of the Congress and the second blank space
being filled with the name of the other House of the
Congress.
(2) The fast track procedures shall not apply to any
implementing bill that contains a provision approving of any
trade agreement which is entered into under section 2902(c)
of this title with any foreign country if either--
(A) the requirements of section 2902(c)(3)
of this title are not met with respect to the
negotiation of such agreement; or
(B) the Committee on Finance of the Senate
or the Committee on Ways and Means of the House
of Representatives disapproves
[[Page 367]]
of the negotiation of such agreement before the
close of the 60-day period which begins on the
date notice is provided under section
2902(c)(3)(C)(i) of this title with respect to
the negotiation of such agreement.
(d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
Subsections (b) and (c) are enacted by the Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives and the Senate,
respectively, and as such is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, and such
procedures supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent with such
other rules; and
(2) with the full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedures
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as any other rule of that
House.
(e) Computation of certain periods of time
Each period of time described in subsection (c)(1)(A)
and (E) and (2) of this section shall be computed without
regard to--
(1) the days on which either House of
Congress is not in session because of an
adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain
or an adjournment of the Congress sine die; and
(2) any Saturday and Sunday, not excluded
under paragraph (1), when either House of the
Congress is not in session. (Pub. L. 100-418,
Title I, Sec. 1103, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat.
1128.)
Chapter 22--URUGUAY ROUND TRADE AGREEMENTS
356 Sec. 3535. Review of participation in WTO
(a) Report on operation of WTO
The first annual report submitted to the Congress under
section 3534 of this title--
(1) after the end of the 5-year period
beginning on the date on which the WTO Agreement
enters into force with respect to the United
States, and
(2) after the end of every 5-year period
thereafter,
shall include an analysis of the effects of the WTO
Agreement on the interests of the United States, the costs
and benefits to the United States of its participation in
the WTO, and the value of the continued participation of the
United States in the WTO.
(b) Congressional disapproval of U.S. participation in WTO
(1) General rule
The approval of the Congress, provided under
section 3511(a) of this title, of the WTO
Agreement shall cease to be effective if, and
only if, a joint resolution described in
subsection (c) is enacted into law pursuant to
the provisions of paragraph (2).
(2) Procedural provisions
(A) The requirements of this paragraph are
met if the joint resolution is enacted under
subsection (c), and--
(i) the Congress adopts and transmits
the joint resolution to the President before
the end of the 90-day period (excluding any
day described in section 2194(b) of this
title), beginning
[[Page 368]]
on the date on which the Congress receives a
report referred to in subsection (a), and
(ii) if the President vetoes the joint
resolution, each House of Congress votes to
override that veto on or before the later of
the last day of the 90-day period referred
to in clause (i) or the last day of the 15-
day period (excluding any day described in
section 2194(b) of this title) beginning on
the date on which the Congress receives the
veto message from the President.
(B) A joint resolution to which this section
applies may be introduced at any time on or
after the date on which the President transmits
to the Congress a report described in subsection
(a), and before the end of the 90-day period
referred to in subparagraph (A).
(c) Joint resolutions
(1) Joint resolutions
For purposes of this section, the term
``joint resolution'' means only a joint
resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the
matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress withdraws its
approval, provided under section 101(a) of the
Uruguay Round Agreements Act, of the WTO
Agreement as defined in section 2(9) of that
Act.''
(2) Procedures
(A) Joint resolutions may be introduced in
either House of the Congress by any member of
such House.
(B) Subject to the provisions of this
subsection, the provisions of subsections (b),
(d), (e), and (f) of section 2192 of this title
apply to joint resolutions to the same extent as
such provisions apply to resolutions under such
section.
(C) If the committee of either House to
which a joint resolution has been referred has
not reported it by the close of the 45th day
after its introduction (excluding any day
described in section 2194(b) of this title),
such committee shall be automatically discharged
from further consideration of the joint
resolution and it shall be placed on the
appropriate calendar.
(D) It is not in order for--
(i) the Senate to consider any joint
resolution unless it has been reported by
the Committee on Finance or the committee
has been discharged under subparagraph (C);
or
(ii) the House of Representatives to
consider any joint resolution unless it has
been reported by the Committee on Ways and
Means or the committee has been discharged
under subparagraph (C).
(E) A motion in the House of Representatives
to proceed to the consideration of a joint
resolution may only be made on the second
legislative day after the calendar day on which
the Member making the motion announces to the
House his or her intention to do so.
(3) Consideration of second resolution not in order
It shall not be in order in either the House
of Representatives or the Senate to consider a
joint resolution (other than a joint resolution
received from the other House), if that House
has previously adopted a joint resolution under
this section.
[[Page 369]]
(d) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
This section is enacted by the Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives and the Senate,
respectively, and as such is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, and such
procedures supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent with such
other rules; and
(2) with the full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedures
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as any other rule of that
House. (Pub. L. 103-465, Dec. 8, 1994, Title I,
Sec. 125, 108 Stat. 4833.)
Chapter 27--BIPARTISAN CONGRESSIONAL TRADE PRIORITIES AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
357 Sec. 4202. Trade agreements authority
(a) Agreements regarding tariff barriers
(1) In general
Whenever the President determines that one
or more existing duties or other import
restrictions of any foreign country or the
United States are unduly burdening and
restricting the foreign trade of the United
States and that the purposes, policies,
priorities, and objectives of this chapter will
be promoted thereby, the President--
(A) may enter into trade agreements with
foreign countries before--
(i) July 1, 2018; or
(ii) July 1, 2021, if trade
authorities procedures are extended
under subsection (c); and
(B) may, subject to paragraphs (2) and
(3), proclaim--
(i) such modification or
continuance of any existing duty,
(ii) such continuance of
existing duty free or excise
treatment, or
(iii) such additional duties,
as the President determines to be required
or appropriate to carry out any such trade
agreement.
Substantial modifications to, or substantial additional
provisions of, a trade agreement entered into after July 1,
2018, or July 1, 2021, if trade authorities procedures are
extended under subsection (c), shall not be eligible for
approval under this chapter.
(2) Notification
The President shall notify Congress of the
President's intention to enter into an agreement
under this subsection.
* * * * * * *
(b) Agreements regarding tariff and nontariff barriers
(1) In general
(A) Whenever the President determines that--
(i) 1 or more existing duties or any
other import restriction of any foreign
country or the United States or any other
barrier to, or other distortion of,
international trade unduly burdens or
restricts the foreign trade of the United
States or adversely affects the United
States economy, or
[[Page 370]]
(ii) the imposition of any such barrier
or distortion is likely to result in such a
burden, restriction, or effect,
and that the purposes, policies, priorities,
and objectives of this chapter will be
promoted thereby, the President may enter
into a trade agreement described in
subparagraph (B) during the period described
in subparagraph (C).
(B) The President may enter into a trade
agreement under subparagraph (A) with foreign
countries providing for--
(i) the reduction or elimination of a
duty, restriction, barrier, or other
distortion described in subparagraph (A); or
(ii) the prohibition of, or limitation
on the imposition of, such barrier or other
distortion.
(C) The President may enter into a trade
agreement under this paragraph before--
(i) July 1, 2018; or
(ii) July 1, 2021, if trade authorities
procedures are extended under subsection
(c).
Substantial modifications to, or substantial
additional provisions of, a trade agreement
entered into after July 1, 2018, or July 1,
2021, if trade authorities procedures are
extended under subsection (c), shall not be
eligible for approval under this chapter.
(2) Conditions
A trade agreement may be entered into under
this subsection only if such agreement makes
progress in meeting the applicable objectives
described in subsections (a) and (b) of section
4201 of this title and the President satisfies
the conditions set forth in sections 4203 and
4204 of this title.
(3) Bills qualifying for trade authorities procedures
(A) The provisions of section 2191 of this
title (in this chapter referred to as ``trade
authorities procedures'') apply to a bill of
either House of Congress which contains
provisions described in subparagraph (B) to the
same extent as such section 2191 applies to
implementing bills under that section. A bill to
which this paragraph applies shall hereafter in
this chapter be referred to as an ``implementing
bill''.
(B) The provisions referred to in
subparagraph (A) are--
(i) a provision approving a trade
agreement entered into under this subsection
and approving the statement of
administrative action, if any, proposed to
implement such trade agreement; and
(ii) if changes in existing laws or new
statutory authority are required to
implement such trade agreement or
agreements, only such provisions as are
strictly necessary or appropriate to
implement such trade agreement or
agreements, either repealing or amending
existing laws or providing new statutory
authority.
(c) Extension disapproval process for congressional trade
authorities procedures
(1) In general
Except as provided in section 4205(b) of
this title--
(A) the trade authorities procedures
apply to implementing bills submitted with
respect to trade agreements entered into
under subsection (b) before July 1, 2018;
and
[[Page 371]]
(B) the trade authorities procedures
shall be extended to implementing bills
submitted with respect to trade agreements
entered into under subsection (b) after June
30, 2018, and before July 1, 2021, if (and
only if)--
(i) the President requests such
extension under paragraph (2); and
(ii) neither House of Congress
adopts an extension disapproval
resolution under paragraph (5)
before July 1, 2018.
(2) Report to Congress by the President
If the President is of the opinion that the
trade authorities procedures should be extended
to implementing bills described in paragraph
(1)(B), the President shall submit to Congress,
not later than April 1, 2018, a written report
that contains a request for such extension,
together with--
(A) a description of all trade
agreements that have been negotiated under
subsection (b) and the anticipated schedule
for submitting such agreements to Congress
for approval;
(B) a description of the progress that
has been made in negotiations to achieve the
purposes, policies, priorities, and
objectives of this chapter, and a statement
that such progress justifies the
continuation of negotiations; and
(C) a statement of the reasons why the
extension is needed to complete the
negotiations.
* * * * * * *
(5) Extension disapproval resolutions
(A) For purposes of paragraph (1), the term
``extension disapproval resolution'' means a
resolution of either House of Congress, the sole
matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the_____ disapproves the request
of the President for the extension, under
section 103(c)(1)(B)(i) of the Bipartisan
Congressional Trade Priorities and
Accountability Act of 2015, of the trade
authorities procedures under that Act to any
implementing bill submitted with respect to any
trade agreement entered into under section
103(b) of that Act after June 30, 2018.'', with
the blank space being filled with the name of
the resolving House of Congress.
(B) Extension disapproval resolutions--
(i) may be introduced in either House of
Congress by any member of such House; and
(ii) shall be referred, in the House of
Representatives, to the Committee on Ways
and Means and, in addition, to the Committee
on Rules.
(C) The provisions of subsections (d) and
(e) of section 2192 of this title (relating to
the floor consideration of certain resolutions
in the House and Senate) apply to extension
disapproval resolutions.
(D) It is not in order for--
(i) the House of Representatives to
consider any extension disapproval
resolution not reported by the Committee on
Ways and Means and, in addition, by the
Committee on Rules;
(ii) the Senate to consider any
extension disapproval resolution not
reported by the Committee on Finance; or
[[Page 372]]
(iii) either House of Congress to
consider an extension disapproval resolution
after June 30, 2018. (Pub. L. 114-26, Title
I, Sec. 103, June 29, 2015, 129 Stat. 333.)
* * * * * * *
358 Sec. 4204. Notice, consultations, and reports
(a) Notice, consultations, and reports before negotiation
(1) Notice
The President, with respect to any agreement
that is subject to the provisions of section
4202(b) of this title, shall--
(A) provide, at least 90 calendar days
before initiating negotiations with a
country, written notice to Congress of the
President's intention to enter into the
negotiations with that country and set forth
in the notice the date on which the
President intends to initiate those
negotiations, the specific United States
objectives for the negotiations with that
country, and whether the President intends
to seek an agreement, or changes to an
existing agreement;
(B) before and after submission of the
notice, consult regarding the negotiations
with the Committee on Ways and Means of the
House of Representatives and the Committee
on Finance of the Senate, such other
committees of the House and Senate as the
President deems appropriate, and the House
Advisory Group on Negotiations and the
Senate Advisory Group on Negotiations
convened under section 4203(c) of this
title;
(C) upon the request of a majority of
the members of either the House Advisory
Group on Negotiations or the Senate Advisory
Group on Negotiations convened under section
4203(c) of this title, meet with the
requesting congressional advisory group
before initiating the negotiations or at any
other time concerning the negotiations; and
(D) after consulting with the Committee
on Ways and Means and the Committee on
Finance, and at least 30 calendar days
before initiating negotiations with a
country, publish on a publicly available
Internet website of the Office of the United
States Trade Representative, and regularly
update thereafter, a detailed and
comprehensive summary of the specific
objectives with respect to the negotiations,
and a description of how the agreement, if
successfully concluded, will further those
objectives and benefit the United States.
* * * * * * *
(b) Consultation with Congress before entry into agreement
(1) Consultation
Before entering into any trade agreement
under section 4202(b) of this title, the
President shall consult with--
(A) the Committee on Ways and Means of
the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Finance of the Senate;
(B) each other committee of the House
and the Senate, and each joint committee of
Congress, which has jurisdiction over
legislation involving subject matters which
would be affected by the trade agreement;
and
[[Page 373]]
(C) the House Advisory Group on
Negotiations and the Senate Advisory Group
on Negotiations convened under section
4203(c) of this title.
(2) Scope
The consultation described in paragraph (1)
shall include consultation with respect to--
(A) the nature of the agreement;
(B) how and to what extent the agreement
will achieve the applicable purposes,
policies, priorities, and objectives of this
chapter; and
(C) the implementation of the agreement
under section 4205 of this title, including
the general effect of the agreement on
existing laws.
(3) Report regarding United States trade remedy laws
(A) Changes in certain trade laws
The President, not less than 180 calendar
days before the day on which the President
enters into a trade agreement under section
4202(b) of this title, shall report to the
Committee on Ways and Means of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Finance of
the Senate--
(i) the range of proposals
advanced in the negotiations with
respect to that agreement, that may
be in the final agreement, and that
could require amendments to title
VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19
U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) or to chapter 1
of title II of the Trade Act of 1974
(19 U.S.C. 2251 et seq.); and
(ii) how these proposals relate
to the objectives described in
section 4201(b)(17) of this title.
(B) Resolutions
(i) At any time after the
transmission of the report under
subparagraph (A), if a resolution is
introduced with respect to that
report in either House of Congress,
the procedures set forth in clauses
(iii) through (vii) shall apply to
that resolution if--
(I) no other resolution with
respect to that report has
previously been reported in that
House of Congress by the Committee
on Ways and Means or the Committee
on Finance, as the case may be,
pursuant to those procedures; and
(II) no procedural disapproval
resolution under section 4205(b) of
this title introduced with respect
to a trade agreement entered into
pursuant to the negotiations to
which the report under subparagraph
(A) relates has previously been
reported in that House of Congress
by the Committee on Ways and Means
or the Committee on Finance, as the
case may be.
(ii) For purposes of this
subparagraph, the term
``resolution'' means only a
resolution of either House of
Congress, the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the_____ finds that
the proposed changes to United
States trade remedy laws contained
in the report of the President
transmitted to Congress on_____
under section 105(b)(3) of the
Bipartisan Congressional
[[Page 374]]
Trade Priorities and Accountability
Act of 2015 with respect to_____,
are inconsistent with the
negotiating objectives described in
section 102(b)(17) of that Act.'',
with the first blank space being
filled with the name of the
resolving House of Congress, the
second blank space being filled with
the appropriate date of the report,
and the third blank space being
filled with the name of the country
or countries involved.
(iii) Resolutions in the House
of Representatives--
(I) may be introduced by any
Member of the House;
(II) shall be referred to the
Committee on Ways and Means and, in
addition, to the Committee on Rules;
and
(III) may not be amended by
either Committee.
(iv) Resolutions in the Senate--
(I) may be introduced by any
Member of the Senate;
(II) shall be referred to the
Committee on Finance; and
(III) may not be amended.
(v) It is not in order for the
House of Representatives to consider
any resolution that is not reported
by the Committee on Ways and Means
and, in addition, by the Committee
on Rules.
(vi) It is not in order for the
Senate to consider any resolution
that is not reported by the
Committee on Finance.
(vii) The provisions of
subsections (d) and (e) of section
152 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19
U.S.C. 2192) (relating to floor
consideration of certain resolutions
in the House and Senate) shall apply
to resolutions. (Pub. L. 114-26,
Title I, Sec. 105, June 29, 2015,
129 Stat. 342; Pub. L. 114-125,
Title IX, Sec. 914(f)(1), Feb. 24,
2016, 130 Stat. 275.)
* * * * * * *
359 Sec. 4205. Implementation of trade agreements
(a) In general
(1) Notification and submission
Any agreement entered into under section
4202(b) of this title shall enter into force
with respect to the United States if (and only
if)--
(A) the President, at least 90 calendar
days before the day on which the President
enters into the trade agreement, notifies
the House of Representatives and the Senate
of the President's intention to enter into
the agreement, and promptly thereafter
publishes notice of such intention in the
Federal Register;
(B) the President, at least 60 days
before the day on which the President enters
into the agreement, publishes the text of
the agreement on a publicly available
Internet website of the Office of the United
States Trade Representative;
(C) within 60 days after entering into
the agreement, the President submits to
Congress a description of those changes to
existing laws that the President considers
would be required in order to bring the
United States into compliance with the
agreement;
[[Page 375]]
(D) the President, at least 30 days
before submitting to Congress the materials
under subparagraph (E), submits to
Congress--
(i) a draft statement of any
administrative action proposed to
implement the agreement; and
(ii) a copy of the final legal
text of the agreement;
(E) after entering into the agreement,
the President submits to Congress, on a day
on which both Houses of Congress are in
session, a copy of the final legal text of
the agreement, together with--
(i) a draft of an implementing
bill described in section 4202(b)(3)
of this title;
(ii) a statement of any
administrative action proposed to
implement the trade agreement; and
(iii) the supporting information
described in paragraph (2)(A);
(F) the implementing bill is enacted
into law; and
(G) the President, not later than 30
days before the date on which the agreement
enters into force with respect to a party to
the agreement, submits written notice to
Congress that the President has determined
that the party has taken measures necessary
to comply with those provisions of the
agreement that are to take effect on the
date on which the agreement enters into
force.
* * * * * * *
(4) Disclosure of commitments
Any agreement or other understanding with a
foreign government or governments (whether oral
or in writing) that--
(A) relates to a trade agreement with
respect to which Congress enacts an
implementing bill under trade authorities
procedures; and
(B) is not disclosed to Congress before
an implementing bill with respect to that
agreement is introduced in either House of
Congress, shall not be considered to be part
of the agreement approved by Congress and
shall have no force and effect under United
States law or in any dispute settlement
body.
(b) Limitations on trade authorities procedures
(1) For lack of notice or consultations
(A) In general
The trade authorities procedures shall not
apply to any implementing bill submitted with
respect to a trade agreement or trade agreements
entered into under section 4202(b) of this title
if during the 60-day period beginning on the
date that one House of Congress agrees to a
procedural disapproval resolution for lack of
notice or consultations with respect to such
trade agreement or agreements, the other House
separately agrees to a procedural disapproval
resolution with respect to such trade agreement
or agreements.
(B) Procedural disapproval resolution
(i) For purposes of this
paragraph, the term ``procedural
disapproval resolution'' means a
resolution of either House of
Congress, the sole matter after the
resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the President has
failed or re
[[Page 376]]
fused to notify or consult in
accordance with the Bipartisan
Congressional Trade Priorities and
Accountability Act of 2015 on
negotiations with respect to_____
and, therefore, the trade
authorities procedures under that
Act shall not apply to any
implementing bill submitted with
respect to such trade agreement or
agreements.'', with the blank space
being filled with a description of
the trade agreement or agreements
with respect to which the President
is considered to have failed or
refused to notify or consult.
(ii) For purposes of clause (i)
and paragraphs (3)(C) and (4)(C),
the President has ``failed or
refused to notify or consult in
accordance with the Bipartisan
Congressional Trade Priorities and
Accountability Act of 2015'' on
negotiations with respect to a trade
agreement or trade agreements if--
(I) the President has failed
or refused to consult (as the case
may be) in accordance with sections
4203 and 4204 of this title and this
section with respect to the
negotiations, agreement, or
agreements;
(II) guidelines under section
4203 of this title have not been
developed or met with respect to the
negotiations, agreement, or
agreements;
(III) the President has not
met with the House Advisory Group on
Negotiations or the Senate Advisory
Group on Negotiations pursuant to a
request made under section
4203(c)(4) of this title with
respect to the negotiations,
agreement, or agreements; or
(IV) the agreement or
agreements fail to make progress in
achieving the purposes, policies,
priorities, and objectives of this
chapter.
(2) Procedures for considering resolutions
(A) Procedural disapproval resolutions--
(i) in the House of
Representatives--
(I) may be introduced by any
Member of the House;
(II) shall be referred to the
Committee on Ways and Means and, in
addition, to the Committee on Rules;
and
(III) may not be amended by
either Committee; and
(ii) in the Senate--
(I) may be introduced by any
Member of the Senate;
(II) shall be referred to the
Committee on Finance; and
(III) may not be amended.
(B) The provisions of subsections (d)
and (e) of section 2192 of this title
(relating to the floor consideration of
certain resolutions in the House and Senate)
apply to a procedural disapproval resolution
introduced with respect to a trade agreement
if no other procedural disapproval
resolution with respect to that trade
agreement has previously been reported in
that House of Congress by the Committee on
Ways and Means or the Committee on Finance,
as the case may be, and if no resolution
described in clause (ii) of section
4204(b)(3)(B) of this title with respect to
that trade agreement has been reported in
that House of Congress by the Committee on
Ways and Means or the Committee on Finance,
as the case may be, pursuant to the
procedures set forth in clauses (iii)
through (vii) of such section.
[[Page 377]]
(C) It is not in order for the House of
Representatives to consider any procedural
disapproval resolution not reported by the
Committee on Ways and Means and, in
addition, by the Committee on Rules.
(D) It is not in order for the Senate to
consider any procedural disapproval
resolution not reported by the Committee on
Finance.
(3) Consideration in Senate of consultation and
compliance resolution to remove trade authorities procedures
(A) Reporting of resolution
If, when the Committee on Finance of the
Senate meets on whether to report an
implementing bill with respect to a trade
agreement or agreements entered into under
section 4202(b) of this title, the committee
fails to favorably report the bill, the
committee shall report a resolution described in
subparagraph (C).
(B) Applicability of trade authorities
procedures
The trade authorities procedures shall not
apply in the Senate to any implementing bill
submitted with respect to a trade agreement or
agreements described in subparagraph (A) if the
Committee on Finance reports a resolution
described in subparagraph (C) and such
resolution is agreed to by the Senate.
(C) Resolution described
A resolution described in this subparagraph
is a resolution of the Senate originating from
the Committee on Finance the sole matter after
the resolving clause of which is as follows:
``That the President has failed or refused to
notify or consult in accordance with the
Bipartisan Congressional Trade Priorities and
Accountability Act of 2015 on negotiations with
respect to_____ and, therefore, the trade
authorities procedures under that Act shall not
apply in the Senate to any implementing bill
submitted with respect to such trade agreement
or agreements.'', with the blank space being
filled with a description of the trade agreement
or agreements described in subparagraph (A).
(D) Procedures
If the Senate does not agree to a motion to
invoke cloture on the motion to proceed to a
resolution described in subparagraph (C), the
resolution shall be committed to the Committee
on Finance.
(4) Consideration in the House of Representatives of a
consultation and compliance resolution
(A) Qualifications for reporting
resolution
If--
(i) the Committee on Ways and
Means of the House of
Representatives reports an
implementing bill with respect to a
trade agreement or agreements
entered into under section 4202(b)
of this title with other than a
favorable recommendation; and
(ii) a Member of the House of
Representatives has introduced a
consultation and compliance
resolution on the legislative day
following the filing of a report to
accompany the implementing bill with
other than a favorable
recommendation, then the Committee
on Ways and Means shall consider a
consultation and compliance
resolution pursuant to subparagraph
(B).
[[Page 378]]
(B) Committee consideration of a
qualifying resolution
(i) Not later than the fourth
legislative day after the date of
introduction of the resolution, the
Committee on Ways and Means shall
meet to consider a resolution
meeting the qualifications set forth
in subparagraph (A).
(ii) After consideration of one
such resolution by the Committee on
Ways and Means, this subparagraph
shall not apply to any other such
resolution.
(iii) If the Committee on Ways
and Means has not reported the
resolution by the sixth legislative
day after the date of its
introduction, that committee shall
be discharged from further
consideration of the resolution.
(C) Consultation and compliance
resolution described
A consultation and compliance resolution--
(i) is a resolution of the House
of Representatives, the sole matter
after the resolving clause of which
is as follows: ``That the President
has failed or refused to notify or
consult in accordance with the
Bipartisan Congressional Trade
Priorities and Accountability Act of
2015 on negotiations with respect
to_____ and, therefore, the trade
authorities procedures under that
Act shall not apply in the House of
Representatives to any implementing
bill submitted with respect to such
trade agreement or agreements.'',
with the blank space being filled
with a description of the trade
agreement or agreements described in
subparagraph (A); and
(ii) shall be referred to the
Committee on Ways and Means.
(D) Applicability of trade authorities
procedures
The trade authorities procedures shall not
apply in the House of Representatives to any
implementing bill submitted with respect to a
trade agreement or agreements which are the
object of a consultation and compliance
resolution if such resolution is adopted by the
House.
(5) For failure to meet other requirements
Not later than December 15, 2015, the
Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the
Secretary of State, the Secretary of the
Treasury, the Attorney General, and the United
States Trade Representative, shall transmit to
Congress a report setting forth the strategy of
the executive branch to address concerns of
Congress regarding whether dispute settlement
panels and the Appellate Body of the World Trade
Organization have added to obligations, or
diminished rights, of the United States, as
described in section 4201(b)(16)(C) of this
title. Trade authorities procedures shall not
apply to any implementing bill with respect to
an agreement negotiated under the auspices of
the World Trade Organization unless the
Secretary of Commerce has issued such report by
the deadline specified in this paragraph.
[[Page 379]]
(6) Limitations on procedures with respect to agreements
with countries not in compliance with Trafficking Victims
Protection Act of 2000
(A) In general
The trade authorities procedures shall not
apply to any implementing bill submitted with
respect to a trade agreement or trade agreements
entered into under section 4202(b) of this title
with a country listed as a tier 3 country in the
most recent annual report on trafficking in
persons.
(B) Exception
(i) Invoking exception
If the President submits to the appropriate
congressional committees a letter stating that a
country to which subparagraph (A) applies has
taken concrete actions to implement the
principal recommendations with respect to that
country in the most recent annual report on
trafficking in persons, the prohibition under
subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to
a trade agreement or trade agreements with that
country.
(ii) Content of letter; public
availability
A letter submitted under clause (i) with
respect to a country shall--
(I) include a description of
the concrete actions that the
country has taken to implement the
principal recommendations described
in clause (i);
(II) be accompanied by
supporting documentation providing
credible evidence of each such
concrete action, including copies of
relevant laws or regulations adopted
or modified, and any enforcement
actions taken, by that country,
where appropriate; and
(III) be made available to the
public.
(C) Special rule for changes in certain
determinations
If a country is listed as a tier 3 country
in an annual report on trafficking in persons
submitted in calendar year 2014 or any calendar
year thereafter and, in the annual report on
trafficking in persons submitted in the next
calendar year, is listed on the tier 2 watch
list, the President shall submit a detailed
description of the credible evidence supporting
the change in listing of the country,
accompanied by copies of documents providing
such evidence, where appropriate, to the
appropriate congressional committees--
(i) in the case of a change in
listing reflected in the annual
report on trafficking in persons
submitted in calendar year 2015, not
later than 90 days after February
24, 2016; and
(ii) in the case of a change in
listing reflected in an annual
report on trafficking in persons
submitted in calendar year 2016 or
any calendar year thereafter, not
later than 90 days after the
submission of that report.
* * * * * * *
(c) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
Subsection (b) of this section, section
4202(c) of this title, and section 4204(b)(3) of
this title are enacted by Congress--
[[Page 380]]
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the House of Representatives and
the Senate, respectively, and as such are
deemed a part of the rules of each House,
respectively, and such procedures supersede
other rules only to the extent that they are
inconsistent with such other rules; and
(2) with the full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedures of that House) at any time, in
the same manner, and to the same extent as
any other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 114-
26, Title I, Sec. 106, June 29, 2015, 129
Stat. 350; Pub. L. 114-125, Title IX,
Sec. 914(e), (f)(2), Feb. 24, 2016, 130
Stat. 274, 276.)
22 u.s.c.--foreign relations and intercourse
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 381]]
TITLE 22--FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
Chapter 7--INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS, CONGRESS, ETC.
360 Sec. 287e-2. Reimbursement for goods and services provided
by the United States to the United Nations
(a) Requirement to obtain reimbursement
(1) In general
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the
President shall seek and obtain in a timely
fashion a commitment from the United Nations to
provide reimbursement to the United States from
the United Nations whenever the United States
Government furnishes assistance pursuant to the
provisions of law described in subsection (c)--
(A) to the United Nations when the
assistance is designed to facilitate or
assist in carrying out an assessed
peacekeeping operation;
(B) for any United Nations peacekeeping
operation that is authorized by the United
Nations Security Council under Chapter VI or
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
and paid for by peacekeeping or regular
budget assessment of the United Nations
members; or
(C) to any country participating in any
operation authorized by the United Nations
Security Council under Chapter VI or Chapter
VII of the United Nations Charter and paid
for by peacekeeping assessments of United
Nations members when the assistance is
designed to facilitate or assist the
participation of that country in the
operation.
(2) Exceptions
(A) In general
The requirement in paragraph (1) shall
not apply to--
(i) goods and services provided
to the United States Armed Forces;
(ii) assistance having a value
of less than $3,000,000 per fiscal
year per operation;
(iii) assistance furnished
before November 29, 1999;
(iv) salaries and expenses of
civilian police and other civilian
and military monitors where United
Nations policy is to require payment
by contributing members for similar
assistance to United Nations
peacekeeping operations; or
(v) any assistance commitment
made before November 29, 1999.
(B) Deployments of United States military
forces
The requirements of subsection (d)(1)(B)
shall not apply to the deployment of United
States military forces when the President
determines that such deployment is important
to the security interests of the United
States. The cost of such deployment
[[Page 382]]
shall be included in the data provided under
section 2348d of this title.
* * * * * * *
(c) Covered assistance
Subsection (a) applies to assistance provided under the
following provisions of law:
(1) Sections 287d and 287d-1 of this title.
(2) Sections 2261, 2318(a)(1), 2321j,
2348a(c), and 2357 of this title.
(3) Any other provisions of law pursuant to
which assistance is provided by the United
States to carry out the mandate of an assessed
United Nations peacekeeping operation.
(d) Waiver
(1) Authority
(A) In general
The President may authorize the
furnishing of assistance covered by this
section without regard to subsection (a) if
the President determines, and so notifies in
writing the Committee on Foreign Relations
of the Senate and the Speaker of the House
of Representatives, that to do so is
important to the security interests of the
United States.
(B) Congressional notification
When exercising the authorities of
subparagraph (A), the President shall notify
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate and the Committee on International
Relations of the House of Representatives in
accordance with the procedures applicable to
reprogramming notifications under section
2394-1 of this title.
(2) Congressional review
Notwithstanding a notice under paragraph (1)
with respect to assistance covered by this
section, subsection (a) shall apply to the
furnishing of the assistance if, not later than
15 calendar days after receipt of a notification
under that paragraph, the Congress enacts a
joint resolution disapproving the determination
of the President contained in the notification.
(3) Senate procedures
Any joint resolution described in paragraph
(2) shall be considered in the Senate in
accordance with the provisions of section 601(b)
of the International Security Assistance and
Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\9\ (Dec. 20,
1945, ch. 583, Sec. 10, as added Pub. L. 106-
113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, Title VII,
Sec. 723], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-
463.)
\9\ Relevant portions of Sec. 601(b) of Title VI, Pub.
L. 94-329, International Security Assistance and Arms
Export Control Act of 1976 (ISAAECA), are reproduced in
Sec. 431 of the Senate Manual.
* * * * * * *
[[Page 383]]
Chapter 32--FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
361
Sec. 2291 note. United States Senate Caucus on International
Narcotics Control
(a) Establishment.--There is established the United
States Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control
(hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Caucus').
(b) Duties.--The Caucus is authorized and directed--
(1) to monitor and promote international
compliance with narcotics control treaties,
including eradication and other relevant issues;
and
(2) to monitor and encourage United States
Government and private programs seeking to
expand international cooperation against drug
abuse and narcotics trafficking.
(c) Membership.--(1) The Caucus shall be composed of 12
members as follows:
(A) 7 Members of the Senate appointed by
the President of the Senate, 4 of whom
(including the member designated as
Chairman) shall be selected from the
majority party of the Senate, after
consultation with the majority leader, and 3
of whom (including the member designated as
Cochairman) shall be selected from the
minority party of the Senate, after
consultation with the minority leader.
(B) 5 members of the public to be
appointed by the President after
consultation with the members of the
appropriate congressional committees.
(2) There shall be a Chairman and a
Cochairman of the Caucus.
(d) Powers.--In carrying out this section, the Caucus
may require, by subpoena or otherwise, the attendance and
testimony of such witnesses and the production of such
books, records, correspondence, memorandums, papers, and
documents as it deems necessary. Subpoenas may be issued
over the signature of the Chairman of the Caucus or any
member designated by him, and may be served by any person
designated by the Chairman or such member. The Chairman of
the Caucus, or any member designated by him, may administer
oaths to any witness.
(e) Report by President to Caucus.--In order to assist
the Caucus in carrying out its duties, the President shall
submit to the Caucus a copy of the report required by
section 481(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22
U.S.C. 2991(e)) [22 U.S.C. 2291(e)].
(f) Report to Senate.--The Caucus is authorized and
directed to report to the Senate with respect to the matters
covered by this section on a periodic basis and to provide
information to Members of the Senate as requested. For each
fiscal year for which an appropriation is made the Caucus
shall submit to the Congress a report on its expenditures
under such appropriation.
* * * * * * *
(2) For purposes of section 502(b) of the
Mutual Security Act of 1954 (22 U.S.C. 1754(b)),
the Caucus shall be deemed to be a standing
committee of the Senate and shall be entitled to
the use of funds in accordance with such
section.
(h) Staff.--The Caucus may appoint and fix the pay of
such staff personnel as it deems desirable, without regard
to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing
appointments in the competitive
[[Page 384]]
service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51
and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relating to
classification and General Schedule pay rates.
* * * * * * *
(Pub. L. 99-93, Title VIII, Sec. 814, Aug. 16, 1985, 99
Stat. 455, as amended by Pub. L. 99-151, Title III,
Sec. 306, Nov. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 100-202,
Sec. 101(i) [Title I, Sec. 5], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
1329-290, 1329-294; Pub. L. 102-392, Title III, Sec. 323,
Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1726; Pub. L. 105-119, Title VI,
Sec. 625, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 106-57,
Title I, Sec. 7, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 107-
228, div. A, Title VI, Sec. 684, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat.
1411.)
362 Sec. 2291j. Annual certification procedures
(a) Withholding of bilateral assistance and opposition to
multilateral development assistance
(1) Bilateral assistance
Fifty percent of the United States
assistance allocated each fiscal year in the
report required by section 2413 of this title
for each major illicit drug producing country,
major drug-transit country, or country
identified pursuant to clause (i) or (ii) of
section 2291h(a)(8)(A) of this title shall be
withheld from obligation and expenditure, except
as provided in subsection (b). This paragraph
shall not apply with respect to a country if the
President determines that its application to
that country would be contrary to the national
interest of the United States, except that any
such determination shall not take effect until
at least 15 days after the President submits
written notification of that determination to
the appropriate congressional committees in
accordance with the procedures applicable to
reprogramming notifications under section 2394-1
of this title.
(2) Multilateral assistance
The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct
the United States Executive Director of each
multilateral development bank to vote, on and
after March 1 of each year, against any loan or
other utilization of the funds of their
respective institution to or for any major
illicit drug producing country or major drug-
transit country (as determined under subsection
(h)) or country identified pursuant to clause
(i) or (ii) of section 2291h(a)(8)(A) of this
title, except as provided in subsection (b). For
purposes of this paragraph, the term
``multilateral development bank'' means the
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, the International Development
Association, the Inter-American Development
Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the African
Development Bank, and the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development.
(b) Certification procedures
(1) What must be certified
Subject to subsection (d), the assistance
withheld from a country pursuant to subsection
(a)(1) may be obligated and expended, and the
requirement of subsection (a)(2) to vote against
multilateral development bank assistance to a
country shall not apply, if the President
determines and certifies to the Congress, at the
time of the submission of the report required by
section 2291h(a) of this title, that--
[[Page 385]]
(A) during the previous year the country
has cooperated fully with the United States,
or has taken adequate steps on its own, to
achieve full compliance with the goals and
objectives established by the United Nations
Convention Against Illicit Traffic in
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances;
or
(B) for a country that would not
otherwise qualify for certification under
subparagraph (A), the vital national
interests of the United States require that
the assistance withheld pursuant to
subsection (a)(1) be provided and that the
United States not vote against multilateral
development bank assistance for that country
pursuant to subsection (a)(2).
(2) Considerations regarding cooperation
In making the determination described in
paragraph (1)(A), the President shall consider
the extent to which the country has--
(A) met the goals and objectives of the
United Nations Convention Against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances, including action on such issues
as illicit cultivation, production,
distribution, sale, transport and financing,
and money laundering, asset seizure,
extradition, mutual legal assistance, law
enforcement and transit cooperation,
precursor chemical control, and demand
reduction;
(B) accomplished the goals described in
an applicable bilateral narcotics agreement
with the United States or a multilateral
agreement; and
(C) taken legal and law enforcement
measures to prevent and punish public
corruption, especially by senior government
officials, that facilitates the production,
processing, or shipment of narcotic and
psychotropic drugs and other controlled
substances, or that discourages the
investigation or prosecution of such acts.
(3) Information to be included in national interest
certification
If the President makes a certification with
respect to a country pursuant to paragraph
(1)(B), the President shall include in such
certification--
(A) a full and complete description of
the vital national interests placed at risk
if United States bilateral assistance to
that country is terminated pursuant to this
section and multilateral development bank
assistance is not provided to such country;
and
(B) a statement weighing the risk
described in subparagraph (A) against the
risks posed to the vital national interests
of the United States by the failure of such
country to cooperate fully with the United
States in combating narcotics or to take
adequate steps to combat narcotics on its
own.
(c) Licit opium producing countries
The President may make a certification under subsection
(b)(1)(A) with respect to a major illicit drug producing
country, or major drug-transit country, that is a producer
of licit opium only if the President determines that such
country maintains licit production and stockpiles at levels
no higher than those consistent with licit market demand,
and has taken adequate steps to prevent significant
diversion of its licit cultivation and production into the
illicit markets and to prevent illicit cultivation and
production.
[[Page 386]]
(d) Congressional review
Subsection (e) shall apply if, within 30 calendar days
after receipt of a certification submitted under subsection
(b) at the time of submission of the report required by
section 2291h(a) of this title, the Congress enacts a joint
resolution disapproving the determination of the President
contained in such certification.
(e) Denial of assistance for countries decertified
If the President does not make a certification under
subsection (b) with respect to a country or the Congress
enacts a joint resolution disapproving such certification,
then until such time as the conditions specified in
subsection (f) are satisfied--
(1) funds may not be obligated for United
States assistance for that country, and funds
previously obligated for United States
assistance for that country may not be expended
for the purpose of providing assistance for that
country; and
(2) the requirement to vote against
multilateral development bank assistance
pursuant to subsection (a)(2) shall apply with
respect to that country, without regard to the
date specified in that subsection.
(f) Recertification
Subsection (e) shall apply to a country described in
that subsection until--
(1) the President, at the time of submission
of the report required by section 2291h(a) of
this title, makes a certification under
subsection (b)(1)(A) or (b)(1)(B) with respect
to that country, and the Congress does not enact
a joint resolution under subsection (d)
disapproving the determination of the President
contained in that certification; or
(2) the President, at any other time, makes
the certification described in subsection
(b)(1)(B) with respect to that country, except
that this paragraph applies only if either--
(A) the President also certifies that--
(i) that country has undergone a
fundamental change in government, or
(ii) there has been a
fundamental change in the conditions
that were the reason--
(I) why the President had not
made a certification with respect to
that country under subsection
(b)(1)(A), or
(II) if he had made such a
certification and the Congress
enacted a joint resolution
disapproving the determination
contained in the certification, why
the Congress enacted that joint
resolution; or
(B) the Congress enacts a joint
resolution approving the determination
contained in the certification under
subsection (b)(1)(B).
Any certification under subparagraph (A) of paragraph
(2) shall discuss the justification for the certification.
[[Page 387]]
(g) Senate procedures
Any joint resolution under this section shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976. \10\
\10\ Id.
(h) Determining major drug-transit and major illicit drug
producing countries
Not later than November 1 of each year, the President
shall notify the appropriate committees of the Congress of
which countries have been determined to be major drug-
transit countries, and which countries have been determined
to be major illicit drug producing countries, for purposes
of this chapter. (Pub. L. 87-195, Pt. I, Sec. 490, as added
Pub. L. 102-583, Sec. 5(a), Nov. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 4924;
amended Pub. L. 103-447, Title I, Sec. 101(g)(1), Nov. 2,
1994, 108 Stat. 4692; Pub. L. 104-66, Title I, Sec. 1112(d),
Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 109-177, Title VII,
Sec. 722(b), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 268.)
363 Sec. 2304. Human rights and security assistance
* * * * * * *
(c) Congressional request for information; information
required; 30-day period; failure to supply information;
termination or restriction of assistance
(1) Upon the request of the Senate or the House of
Representatives by resolution of either such House, or upon
the request of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, the Secretary of State shall, within thirty
days after receipt of such request, transmit to both such
committees a statement, prepared with the assistance of the
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights,
and Labor, with respect to the country designated in such
request, setting forth--
(A) all the available information about
observance of and respect for human rights and
fundamental freedom in that country, and a
detailed description of practices by the
recipient government with respect thereto;
(B) the steps the United States has taken
to--
(i) promote respect for and observance
of human rights in that country and
discourage any practices which are inimical
to internationally recognized human rights,
and
(ii) publicly or privately call
attention to, and disassociate the United
States and any security assistance provided
for such country from, such practices;
(C) whether, in the opinion of the Secretary
of State, notwithstanding any such practices--
(i) extraordinary circumstances exist
which necessitate a continuation of security
assistance for such country, and, if so, a
description of such circumstances and the
extent to which such assistance should be
continued (subject to such conditions as
Congress may impose under this section), and
(ii) on all the facts it is in the
national interest of the United States to
provide such assistance; and
[[Page 388]]
(D) such other information as such committee
or such House may request.
(2)(A) A resolution of request under paragraph (1) of
this subsection shall be considered in the Senate in
accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of the
International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control
Act of 1976.\11\
\11\ Id.
(B) The term ``certification'', as used in section 601
of such Act, means, for the purposes of this subsection, a
resolution of request of the Senate under paragraph (1) of
this subsection.
(3) In the event a statement with respect to a country
is requested pursuant to paragraph (1) of this subsection
but is not transmitted in accordance therewith within thirty
days after receipt of such request, no security assistance
shall be delivered to such country except as may thereafter
be specifically authorized by law from such country unless
and until such statement is transmitted.
(4)(A) In the event a statement with respect to a
country is transmitted under paragraph (1) of this
subsection, the Congress may at any time thereafter adopt a
joint resolution terminating, restricting, or continuing
security assistance for such country. In the event such a
joint resolution is adopted, such assistance shall be so
terminated, so restricted, or so continued, as the case may
be.
(B) Any such resolution shall be considered in the
Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b)
of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export
Control Act of 1976.\12\
\12\ Id.
(C) The term ``certification'', as used in section 601
of such Act, means, for the purposes of this paragraph, a
statement transmitted under paragraph (1) of this
subsection. (Pub. L. 87-195, Pt. II, Sec. 502B, as added
Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 46, Dec. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 1815;
amended Pub. L. 94-329, Title III, Sec. 301(a), June 30,
1976, 90 Stat. 748; Pub. L. 95-105, Title I, Sec. 109(a)(3),
Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 846; Pub. L. 95-384, Sec. Sec. 6(a)-
(d)(1), (e), 10(b)(1), 12(b), Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 731,
732, 735, 737; Pub. L. 96-53, Title V, Sec. 511, Aug. 14,
1979, 93 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 96-92, Sec. 4, Oct. 29, 1979, 93
Stat. 702; Pub. L. 96-533, Title VII, Sec. Sec. 701(b), 704,
Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3156, 3157; Pub. L. 98-151,
Sec. 101(b)(2), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 99-64,
Title I, Sec. 124, July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 156; Pub. L. 99-
83, Title XII, Sec. 1201, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276; Pub.
L. 100-204, Title I, Sec. 127(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
1343; Pub. L. 103-236, Title I, Sec. 162(e)(2), Apr. 30,
1994, 108 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(6), Nov. 2,
1994, 108 Stat. 4588 ; Pub. L. 104-319, Title II,
Sec. 201(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3866; Pub. L. 105-292,
Title I, Sec. 102(d)(2), Title IV, Sec. 421(b), Oct. 27,
1998, 112 Stat. 2795, 2810; Pub. L. 106-113, div. B,
Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. A, Title II, Sec. 252, Title VIII,
Sec. 806(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A-432,
1501A-471; Pub. L. 106-386, div. A, Sec. 104(b), Oct. 28,
2000, 114 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 107-228, div. A, Title VI,
Sec. Sec. 665(b), 683(b), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1407,
1411; Pub. L. 108-332, Sec. 6(a)(2), Oct. 16, 2004, 118
Stat. 1285; Pub. L. 111-166, Sec. 2(2), May 17, 2010, 124
Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 113-4, Title XII, Sec. 1207(b)(2), Mar.
7, 2013, 127 Stat.
[[Page 389]]
141; Pub. L. 113-276, Title II, Sec. Sec. 206, 208(b)(2),
Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2992, 2993.)
* * * * * * *
364 Sec. 2314. Furnishing of defense articles or related
training or other defense service on grant basis
* * * * * * *
(g) Discrimination on basis of race, religion, national
origin, or sex prohibited
(1) It is the policy of the United States that no
assistance under this part should be furnished to any
foreign country, the laws, regulations, official policies,
or governmental practices of which prevent any United States
person (as defined in section 7701(a)(30) of title 26) from
participating in the furnishing of defense articles or
defense services under this part on the basis of race,
religion, national origin, or sex.
(2)(A) No agency performing functions under this part
shall, in employing or assigning personnel to participate in
the performance of any such function, whether in the United
States or abroad, take into account the exclusionary
policies or practices of any foreign government where such
policies or practices are based upon race, religion,
national origin, or sex.
(B) Each contract entered into by any such agency for
the performance of any function under this part shall
contain a provision to the effect that no person,
partnership, corporation, or other entity performing
functions pursuant to such contract, shall, in employing or
assigning personnel to participate in the performance of any
such function, whether in the United States or abroad, take
into account the exclusionary policies or practices of any
foreign government where such policies or practices are
based upon race, religion, national origin, or sex.
(3) The President shall promptly transmit reports to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate concerning
any transaction in which any United States person (as
defined in section 7701(a)(30) of title 26) is prevented by
a foreign government on the basis of race, religion,
national origin, or sex, from participating in the
furnishing of assistance under this part, or education and
training under part V of this subchapter, to any foreign
country. Such reports shall include (A) a description of the
facts and circumstances of any such discrimination, (B) the
response thereto on the part of the United States or any
agency or employee thereof, and (C) the result of such
response, if any.
(4)(A) Upon the request of the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives, the President shall, within
60 days after receipt of such request, transmit to both such
committees a statement, prepared with the assistance of the
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights,
and Labor, with respect to the country designated in such
request, setting forth--
(i) all the available information about the
exclusionary policies or practices of the
government of such country when such policies or
practices are based upon race, religion,
national origin, or sex and prevent any such
person from participating in a transaction
[[Page 390]]
involving the furnishing of any assistance under
this part or any education and training under
part V of this subchapter;
(ii) the response of the United States
thereto and the results of such response;
(iii) whether, in the opinion of the
President, notwithstanding any such policies or
practices--
(I) extraordinary circumstances exist
which necessitate a continuation of such
assistance or education and training
transaction, and, if so, a description of
such circumstances and the extent to which
such assistance or education and training
transaction should be continued (subject to
such conditions as Congress may impose under
this section), and
(II) on all the facts it is in the
national interest of the United States to
continue such assistance or education and
training transaction; and
(iv) such other information as such
committee may request.
(B) In the event a statement with respect to an
assistance or training transaction is requested pursuant to
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph but is not transmitted in
accordance therewith within 60 days after receipt of such
request, such assistance or training transaction shall be
suspended unless and until such statement is transmitted.
(C)(i) In the event a statement with respect to an
assistance or training transaction is transmitted under
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Congress may at any
time thereafter adopt a joint resolution terminating or
restricting such assistance or training transaction.
(ii) Any such resolution shall be considered in the
Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b)
of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export
Control Act of 1976.\13\
\13\ Id.
(iii) The term ``certification'', as used in section 601
of such Act, means, for the purposes of this paragraph, a
statement transmitted under subparagraph (A) of this
paragraph. (Pub. L. 87-195, Pt. II, Sec. 505, formerly
Sec. 506, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 87-565, Pt.
II, Sec. 201(a), Aug. 1, 1962, 76 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 89-583,
Pt. II, Sec. 201(b), Sept. 19, 1966, 80 Stat. 803;
renumbered Sec. 505, Pub. L. 90-137, Pt. II, Sec. 201(e),
Nov. 14, 1967, 81 Stat. 456 and amended Pub. L. 92-226, Pt.
II, Sec. 201(b), (c), Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 93-
189, Sec. 12(b)(3), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat. 721; Pub. L. 94-
329, Title II, Sec. Sec. 203(b), 204(b)(2), Title III,
Sec. Sec. 302(a), 304(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 735 , 736,
751, 754; Pub. L. 95-105, Title I, Sec. 109(a)(4), Aug. 17,
1977, 91 Stat. 846; Pub. L. 99-83, Title I, Sec. 123(b),
Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22,
1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101-513, Title III, Nov. 5,
1990, 104 Stat. 1998; Pub. L. 103-236, Title I,
Sec. 162(e)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 103-
437, Sec. 9(a)(6), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588.)
Chapter 39--ARMS EXPORT CONTROL
365 Sec. 2753. Eligibility for defense services or defense
articles
(a) Prerequisites for consent by President; report to
Congress
No defense article or defense service shall be sold or
leased by the United States Government under this chapter to
any country or inter
[[Page 391]]
national organization, and no agreement shall be entered
into for a cooperative project (as defined in section 2767
of this title), unless--
* * * * * * *
(2) the country or international organization shall have
agreed not to transfer title to, or possession of, any
defense article or related training or other defense service
so furnished to it, or produced in a cooperative project (as
defined in section 2767 of this title), to anyone not an
officer, employee, or agent of that country or international
organization (or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or
the specified member countries (other than the United
States) in the case of a cooperative project) and not to use
or permit the use of such article or related training or
other defense service for purposes other than those for
which furnished unless the consent of the President has
first been obtained;
* * * * * * *
(c) Termination of credits, guaranties or sales; report of
violation by President; national security exception;
conditions for reinstatement
(1)(A) No credits (including participations in credits)
may be issued and no guaranties may be extended for any
foreign country under this chapter as hereinafter provided,
if such country uses defense articles or defense services
furnished under this chapter, or any predecessor Act, in
substantial violation (either in terms of quantities or in
terms of the gravity of the consequences regardless of the
quantities involved) of any agreement entered into pursuant
to any such Act (i) by using such articles or services for a
purpose not authorized under section 2754 of this title or,
if such agreement provides that such articles or services
may only be used for purposes more limited than those
authorized under section 2754 of this title for a purpose
not authorized under such agreement; (ii) by transferring
such articles or services to, or permitting any use of such
articles or services by, anyone not an officer, employee, or
agent of the recipient country without the consent of the
President; or (iii) by failing to maintain the security of
such articles or services.
(B) No cash sales or deliveries pursuant to previous
sales may be made with respect to any foreign country under
this chapter as hereinafter provided, if such country uses
defense articles or defense services furnished under this
chapter, or any predecessor Act, in substantial violation
(either in terms of quantity or in terms of the gravity of
the consequences regardless of the quantities involved) of
any agreement entered into pursuant to any such Act by using
such articles or services for a purpose not authorized under
section 2754 of this title or, if such agreement provides
that such articles or services may only be used for purposes
more limited than those authorized under section 2754 of
this title, for a purpose not authorized under such
agreement.
(2) The President shall report to the Congress promptly
upon the receipt of information that a violation described
in paragraph (1) of this subsection may have occurred.
(3)(A) A country shall be deemed to be ineligible under
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, or
both subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such paragraph in the case
of a violation described in both such paragraphs, if the
President so determines and so reports in writing to the
Congress, or if the Congress so determines by joint
resolution.
[[Page 392]]
(B) Notwithstanding a determination by the President of
ineligibility under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) of
this subsection, cash sales and deliveries pursuant to
previous sales may be made if the President certifies in
writing to the Congress that a termination thereof would
have significant adverse impact on United States security,
unless the Congress adopts or has adopted a joint resolution
pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph with respect
to such ineligibility.
(4) A country shall remain ineligible in accordance with
paragraph (1) of this subsection until such time as--
(A) the President determines that the
violation has ceased; and
(B) the country concerned has given
assurances satisfactory to the President that
such violation will not recur.
(d) Submission of written certification to Congress;
contents; classified material; effective date of
consent; report to Congress; transfers not subject to
procedures
(1) Subject to paragraph (5), the President may not give
his consent under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) or under
the third sentence of such subsection, or under section
2314(a)(1) or 2314(a)(4) of this title, to a transfer of any
major defense equipment valued (in terms of its original
acquisition cost) at $14,000,000 or more, or any defense
article or related training or other defense service valued
(in terms of its original acquisition cost) at $50,000,000
or more, unless the President submits to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate a written certification with
respect to such proposed transfer containing--
(A) the name of the country or international
organization proposing to make such transfer,
(B) a description of the article or service
proposed to be transferred, including its
acquisition cost,
(C) the name of the proposed recipient of
such article or service,
(D) the reasons for such proposed transfer,
and
(E) the date on which such transfer is
proposed to be made.
Any certification submitted to Congress pursuant to this
paragraph shall be unclassified, except that information
regarding the dollar value and number of articles or
services proposed to be transferred may be classified if
public disclosure thereof would be clearly detrimental to
the security of the United States.
(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), unless
the President states in the certification submitted pursuant
to paragraph (1) of this subsection that an emergency exists
which requires that consent to the proposed transfer become
effective immediately in the national security interests of
the United States, such consent shall not become effective
until 30 calendar days after the date of such submission and
such consent shall become effective then only if the
Congress does not enact, within such 30-day period, a joint
resolution prohibiting the proposed transfer.
(B) In the case of a proposed transfer to the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, or any member country of such
Organization, Japan, Australia, the Republic of Korea,
Israel, or New Zealand, unless the President states in the
certification submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) of this
subsection that an emergency exists which requires that
consent to the proposed transfer become effective
immediately in the national
[[Page 393]]
security interests of the United States, such consent shall
not become effective until fifteen calendar days after the
date of such submission and such consent shall become
effective then only if the Congress does not enact, within
such fifteen-day period, a joint resolution prohibiting the
proposed transfer.
(C) If the President states in his certification under
subparagraph (A) or (B) that an emergency exists which
requires that consent to the proposed transfer become
effective immediately in the national security interests of
the United States, thus waiving the requirements of that
subparagraph, the President shall set forth in the
certification a detailed justification for his
determination, including a description of the emergency
circumstances which necessitate immediate consent to the
transfer and a discussion of the national security interests
involved.
(D)(i) Any joint resolution under this paragraph shall
be considered in the Senate in accordance with the
provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\14\
\14\ Id.
(ii) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under this paragraph, a
motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint
resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate
committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House
of Representatives.
(3)(A) Subject to paragraph (5), the President may not
give his consent to the transfer of any major defense
equipment valued (in terms of its original acquisition cost)
at $14,000,000 or more, or of any defense article or defense
service valued (in terms of its original acquisition cost)
at $50,000,000 or more, the export of which has been
licensed or approved under section 2778 of this title or has
been exempted from the licensing requirements of this
chapter pursuant to a treaty referred to in section
2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title where such treaty does not
authorize the transfer without prior United States
Government approval, unless before giving such consent the
President submits to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives, and the Chairman of the Committee
on Foreign Relations of the Senate a certification
containing the information specified in subparagraphs (A)
through (E) of paragraph (1). Such certification shall be
submitted--
(i) at least 15 calendar days before such
consent is given in the case of a transfer to a
country which is a member of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization or Australia, Japan, the
Republic of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand; and
(ii) at least 30 calendar days before such
consent is given in the case of a transfer to
any other country,
unless the President states in his certification that an
emergency exists which requires that consent to the proposed
transfer become effective immediately in the national
security interests of the United States. If the President
states in his certification that such an emergency exists
(thus waiving the requirements of clause (i) or (ii), as the
case may be, and of subparagraph (B)) the President shall
set forth in the certification a detailed justification for
his determination, including a description of the emergency
circumstances which necessitate that consent to
[[Page 394]]
the proposed transfer become effective immediately and a
discussion of the national security interests involved.
(B) Consent to a transfer subject to subparagraph (A)
shall become effective after the end of the 15-day or 30-day
period specified in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii), as the case
may be, only if the Congress does not enact, within that
period, a joint resolution prohibiting the proposed
transfer.
(C)(i) Any joint resolution under this paragraph shall
be considered in the Senate in accordance with the
provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\15\
\15\ Id.
(ii) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under this paragraph, a
motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint
resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate
committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House
of Representatives.
(4) This subsection shall not apply--
(A) to transfers of maintenance, repair, or
overhaul defense services, or of the repair
parts or other defense articles used in
furnishing such services, if the transfer will
not result in any increase, relative to the
original specifications, in the military
capability of the defense articles and services
to be maintained, repaired, or overhauled;
(B) to temporary transfers of defense
articles for the sole purpose of receiving
maintenance, repair, or overhaul; or
(C) to arrangements among members of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization or between
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and any
of its member countries--
(i) for cooperative cross servicing, or
(ii) for lead-nation procurement if the
certification transmitted to the Congress
pursuant to section 2776(b) of this title
with regard to such lead-nation procurement
identified the transferees on whose behalf
the lead-nation procurement was proposed.
(Pub. L. 90-629, ch. 1, Sec. 3, Oct. 22,
1968, 82 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 91-672, Sec. 1,
Jan. 12, 1971, 84 Stat. 2053; Pub. L. 93-
189, Sec. 25(2), Dec. 17, 1973, 87 Stat.
729; Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 45(a)(1), Dec. 30,
1974, 88 Stat. 1813; Pub. L. 94-329, Title
II, Sec. Sec. 203(a), 204(a), (b)(1), Title
III, Sec. 304(b), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat.
735, 736, 754, 755; Pub. L. 95-92,
Sec. Sec. 15-18, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 622;
Pub. L. 96-92, Sec. 11, Oct. 29, 1979, 93
Stat. 705; Pub. L. 96-533, Title I,
Sec. 101, Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3131; Pub.
L. 97-113, Title I, Sec. Sec. 101(a),
102(a), 109(b)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat.
1519, 1520, 1526; Pub. L. 99-83, Title I,
Sec. 115(b)(2), Title V, Sec. 503(b), Aug.
8, 1985, 99 Stat. 201, 221; Pub. L. 99-145,
Title XI, Sec. 1102(a)(3), (5), Nov. 8,
1985, 99 Stat. 710; Pub. L. 99-247,
Sec. 1(a), Feb. 12, 1986, 100 Stat. 9; Pub.
L. 99-661, div. A, Title XIII, Sec. 1342(e),
Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3991; Pub. L. 100-
461, Title V, Sec. 577, Oct. 1, 1988, 102
Stat. 2268-45; Pub. L. 101-222, Sec. 2(b),
Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1896; Pub. L. 103-
236, Title VIII, Sec. 822(a)(1), Apr. 30,
1994, 108 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 104-164, Title
I, Sec. Sec. 141(a), (b), 142, July 21,
1996, 110 Stat. 1430, 1431, 1433; Pub. L.
106-
[[Page 395]]
113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. B, Title
XII, Sec. 1225], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat.
1536 , 1501A-499; Pub. L. 107-228, div. B,
Title XIV, Sec. 1405(a)(1), Sept. 30, 2002,
116 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 110-429, Title II,
Sec. 203(b)(1), (2), Oct. 15, 2008, 122
Stat. 4845 ; Pub. L. 111-266, Title I,
Sec. Sec. 102(a), 104(a), Title III,
Sec. 301, Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2797,
2799, 2804; Pub. L. 113-276, Title II,
Sec. 208(a)(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat.
2992.)
* * * * * * *
366 Sec. 2755. Discrimination prohibited if based on race,
religion, national origin, or sex
(a) Congressional declaration of policy
It is the policy of the United States that no sales
should be made, and no credits (including participations in
credits) or guaranties extended to or for any foreign
country, the laws, regulations, official policies, or
governmental practices of which prevent any United States
person (as defined in section 7701(a)(30) of title 26) from
participating in the furnishing of defense articles or
defense services under this chapter on the basis of race,
religion, national origin, or sex.
(b) Employment of personnel; required contractual provision
(1) No agency performing functions under this chapter
shall, in employing or assigning personnel to participate in
the performance of any such function, whether in the United
States or abroad, take into account the exclusionary
policies or practices of any foreign government where such
policies or practices are based upon race, religion,
national origin, or sex.
(2) Each contract entered into by any such agency for
the performance of any function under this chapter shall
contain a provision to the effect that no person,
partnership, corporation, or other entity performing
functions pursuant to such contract, shall, in employing or
assigning personnel to participate in the performance of any
such function, whether in the United States or abroad, take
into account the exclusionary policies or practices of any
foreign government where such policies or practices are
based upon race, religion, national origin, or sex.
(c) Report by President; contents
The President shall promptly transmit reports to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the
chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate
concerning any instance in which any United States person
(as defined in section 7701(a)(30) of title 26) is prevented
by a foreign government on the basis of race, religion,
national origin, or sex, from participating in the
performance of any sale or licensed transaction under this
chapter or any import or export under a treaty referred to
in section 2778(j)(1)(C)(i) of this title. Such reports
shall include (1) a description of the facts and
circumstances of any such discrimination, (2) the response
thereto on the part of the United States or any agency or
employee thereof, and (3) the result of such response, if
any.
[[Page 396]]
(d) Congressional request for information from President;
information required; 60 day period; failure to supply
information; termination or restriction of sale
(1) Upon the request of the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate or the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives, the President shall, within
60 days after receipt of such request, transmit to both such
committees a statement, prepared with the assistance of the
Secretary of State, with respect to the country designated
in such request, setting forth--
(A) all the available information about the
exclusionary policies or practices of the
government of such country when such policies or
practices are based upon race, religion,
national origin or sex and prevent any such
person from participating in the performance of
any sale or licensed transaction under this
chapter;
(B) the response of the United States
thereto and the results of such response;
(C) whether, in the opinion of the
President, notwithstanding any such policies or
practices--
(i) extraordinary circumstances exist
which necessitate a continuation of such
sale or licensed transaction, and, if so, a
description of such circumstances and the
extent to which such sale or licensed
transaction should be continued (subject to
such conditions as Congress may impose under
this section), and
(ii) on all the facts it is in the
national interest of the United States to
continue such sale or licensed transaction;
and
(D) such other information as such committee
may request.
(2) In the event a statement with respect to a sale or
licensed transaction is requested pursuant to paragraph (1)
of this subsection but is not transmitted in accordance
therewith within 60 days after receipt of such request, such
sale or licensed transaction shall be suspended unless and
until such statement is transmitted.
(3)(A) In the event a statement with respect to a sale
or licensed transaction is transmitted under paragraph (1)
of this subsection, the Congress may at any time thereafter
adopt a joint resolution terminating or restricting such
sale or licensed transaction.
(B) Any such resolution shall be considered in the
Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b)
of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export
Control Act of 1976.
(C) The term ``certification'', as used in section 601
of such Act, means, for the purposes of this paragraph, a
statement transmitted under paragraph (1) of this
subsection. (Pub. L. 90-629, ch. 1, Sec. 5, as added Pub. L.
94-329, Title III, Sec. 302(b), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 752;
amended Pub. L. 95-105, Title I, Sec. 109(a)(5), Aug. 17,
1977, 91 Stat. 846; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986,
100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 103-236, Title I, Sec. 162(f), Apr.
30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(a)(7), Nov.
2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588; Pub. L. 111-266, Title I,
Sec. 104(b), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2799; Pub. L. 113-276,
Title II, Sec. 208(a)(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2992.)
367 Sec. 2776. Reports and certifications to Congress on
military exports
* * * * * * *
(1) Subject to paragraph (6), in the case of any letter
of offer to sell any defense articles or services under this
chapter for $50,000,000
[[Page 397]]
or more, any design and construction services for
$200,000,000 or more, or any major defense equipment for
$14,000,000 or more, before such letter of offer is issued,
the President shall submit to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives, and to the chairman of the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate a numbered
certification with respect to such offer to sell containing
the information specified in clauses * * * subsection (a) *
* *
A certification transmitted pursuant to this subsection
shall be unclassified, except that the information specified
in clause (ii) and the details of the description specified
in clause (iii) of subsection (a) may be classified if the
public disclosure thereof would be clearly detrimental to
the security of the United States, in which case the
information shall be accompanied by a description of the
damage to the national security that could be expected to
result from public disclosure of the information. The letter
of offer shall not be issued, with respect to a proposed
sale to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, any member
country of such Organization, Japan, Australia, the Republic
of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand, if the Congress, within
fifteen calendar days after receiving such certification, or
with respect to a proposed sale to any other country or
organization, if the Congress within thirty calendar days
after receiving such certification, enacts a joint
resolution prohibiting the proposed sale, unless the
President states in his certification that an emergency
exists which requires such sale in the national security
interests of the United States. If the President states in
his certification that an emergency exists which requires
the proposed sale in the national security interest of the
United States, thus waiving the congressional review
requirements of this subsection, he shall set forth in the
certification a detailed justification for his
determination, including a description of the emergency
circumstances which necessitate the immediate issuance of
the letter of offer and a discussion of the national
security interests involved.
(2) Any such joint resolution shall be considered in the
Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b)
of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export
Control Act of 1976, except that for purposes of
consideration of any joint resolution with respect to the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, any member country of
such Organization, Japan, Australia, the Republic of Korea,
Israel, or New Zealand, it shall be in order in the Senate
to move to discharge a committee to which such joint
resolution was referred if such committee has not reported
such joint resolution at the end of five calendar days after
its introduction.\16\
\16\ Id.
(3) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under this subsection, a
motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint
resolution after it has been reported
[[Page 398]]
by the appropriate committee shall be treated as highly
privileged in the House of Representatives.
* * * * * * *
(c) Application for export license; submission of numbered
Presidential certification and statement to Congress;
contents; emergency circumstances; joint resolution;
exception; notification of upgrades
* * * * * * *
(2) Unless the President states in his certification
that an emergency exists which requires the proposed export
in the national security interests of the United States, a
license for export described in paragraph (1)--
(A) in the case of a license for an export
to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, any
member country of that Organization or
Australia, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Israel,
or New Zealand, shall not be issued until at
least 15 calendar days after the Congress
receives such certification, and shall not be
issued then if the Congress, within that 15-day
period, enacts a joint resolution prohibiting
the proposed export;
(B) in the case of a license for an export
of a commercial communications satellite for
launch from, and by nationals of, the Russian
Federation, Ukraine, or Kazakhstan, shall not be
issued until at least 15 calendar days after the
Congress receives such certification, and shall
not be issued then if the Congress, within that
15-day period, enacts a joint resolution
prohibiting the proposed export; and
(C) in the case of any other license, shall
not be issued until at least 30 calendar days
after the Congress receives such certification,
and shall not be issued then if the Congress,
within that 30-day period, enacts a joint
resolution prohibiting the proposed export.
If the President states in his certification that an
emergency exists which requires the proposed export in the
national security interests of the United States, thus
waiving the requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
this paragraph, he shall set forth in the certification a
detailed justification for his determination, including a
description of the emergency circumstances which necessitate
the immediate issuance of the export license and a
discussion of the national security interests involved.
(3)(A) Any joint resolution under this subsection shall
be considered in the Senate in accordance with the
provisions of section 601(b) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\17\
\17\ Id.
(B) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under this subsection, a
motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint
resolution after it has been reported
[[Page 399]]
by the appropriate committee shall be treated as highly
privileged in the House of Representatives.
* * * * * * *
(d) Commercial technical assistance or manufacturing
licensing agreements with non-North Atlantic Treaty
Organization member countries; submission of
Presidential certification; contents
(1) In the case of an approval under section 2778 of
this title of a United States commercial technical
assistance or manufacturing licensing agreement which
involves the manufacture abroad of any item of significant
combat equipment on the United States Munitions List, before
such approval is given, the President shall submit a
certification with respect to such proposed commercial
agreement in a manner similar to the certification required
under subsection (c)(1) containing comparable information,
except that the last sentence of such subsection shall not
apply to certifications submitted pursuant to this
subsection.
(2) A certification under this subsection shall be
submitted--
(A) at least 15 days before approval is
given in the case of an agreement for or in a
country which is a member of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization or Australia, Japan, the
Republic of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand; and
(B) at least 30 days before approval is
given in the case of an agreement for or in any
other country;
unless the President states in his certification that an
emergency exists which requires the immediate approval of
the agreement in the national security interests of the
United States.
(3) If the President states in his certification that an
emergency exists which requires the immediate approval of
the agreement in the national security interests of the
United States, thus waiving the requirements of paragraph
(4), he shall set forth in the certification a detailed
justification for his determination, including a description
of the emergency circumstances which necessitate the
immediate approval of the agreement and a discussion of the
national security interests involved.
(4) Approval for an agreement subject to paragraph (1)
may not be given under section 2778 of this title if the
Congress, within the 15-day or 30-day period specified in
paragraph (2)(A) or (B), as the case may be, enacts a joint
resolution prohibiting such approval.
(5)(A) Any joint resolution under paragraph (4) shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\18\
\18\ Id.
(B) For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under paragraph (4), a motion
to proceed to the consideration of any such joint resolution
after it has been reported by the appropriate committee
shall be treated as highly privileged in the House of
Representatives. (Pub. L. 90-629, ch. 3, Sec. 36, Oct. 22,
1968, 82 Stat. 1326; Pub. L. 93-189, Sec. 25(10), Dec. 17,
1973, 87 Stat. 731; Pub. L. 93-559, Sec. 45(a)(5), Dec. 30,
1974, 88 Stat. 1814; Pub. L. 94-329, Title II, Sec. 211(a),
Title VI, Sec. 604(a), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 740, 766;
Pub. L. 95-384, Sec. 21, Sept. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 741; Pub.
L.
[[Page 400]]
96-92, Sec. Sec. 16(b), 19(a), (c), 20(b), Oct. 29, 1979, 93
Stat. 708-710; Pub. L. 96-533, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(c),
(d), 107(b), 109(f), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3134, 3136,
3138; Pub. L. 97-113, Title I, Sec. Sec. 101(c)-(e), 102(b),
109(d)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1520 , 1526; Pub. L. 99-
83, Title I, Sec. Sec. 117, 118, Title XII, Sec. 1209(c),
Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 202, 203, 279; Pub. L. 99-247,
Sec. 1(b), (c), Feb. 12, 1986, 100 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 101-222,
Sec. Sec. 3(b), 7, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1896, 1899; Pub.
L. 103-236, Title VII, Sec. Sec. 732, 735(a), (b), Apr. 30,
1994, 108 Stat. 503, 505, 506; Pub. L. 103-437,
Sec. 9(a)(7), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4588; Pub. L. 104-164,
Title I, Sec. Sec. 141(c), (d), 155, July 21, 1996, 110
Stat. 1431, 1432, 1440; Pub. L. 104-201, div. A, Title X,
Sec. 1045(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2644; Pub. L. 105-
277, div. G, subdiv. A, Title XII, Sec. 1225(a)(1), Oct. 21,
1998, 112 Stat. 2681-773; Pub. L. 106-113, div. B,
Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. B, Title XII, Sec. Sec. 1224, 1245,
Title XIII, Sec. Sec. 1301, 1302(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113
Stat. 1536, 1501A-498, 1501A-502, 1501A-510, 1501A-511; Pub.
L. 106-280, Title I, Sec. 102(c)(1), Oct. 6, 2000, 114 Stat.
849; Pub. L. 107-228, div. B, Title XII, Sec. Sec. 1205(a),
1262(c), Title XIV, Sec. 1405(a)(2), Sept. 30, 2002, 116
Stat. 1427, 1434, 1457; Pub. L. 110-429, Title II,
Sec. Sec. 201(d), 203(b)(1), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4843,
4845; Pub. L. 111-266, Title I, Sec. 104(d), Title III,
Sec. 301(1), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2799, 2804; Pub. L.
113-276, Title II, Sec. Sec. 201, 208(a)(1), Dec. 18, 2014,
128 Stat. 2990, 2992; Pub. L. 113-296, Sec. 11(b), Dec. 19,
2014, 128 Stat. 4078.)
* * * * * * *
368 Sec. 2780. Transactions with countries supporting acts of
international terrorism
* * * * * * *
(d) Countries covered by prohibition
The prohibitions contained in this section apply with
respect to a country if the Secretary of State determines
that the government of that country has repeatedly provided
support for acts of international terrorism. For purposes of
this subsection, such acts shall include all activities that
the Secretary determines willfully aid or abet the
international proliferation of nuclear explosive devices to
individuals or groups, willfully aid or abet an individual
or groups in acquiring unsafeguarded special nuclear
material, or willfully aid or abet the efforts of an
individual or group to use, develop, produce, stockpile, or
otherwise acquire chemical, biological, or radiological
weapons.
* * * * * * *
(f) Rescission
(1) A determination made by the Secretary of State under
subsection (d) may not be rescinded unless the President
submits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, and the chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate--
(A) before the proposed rescission would
take effect, a report certifying that--
(i) there has been a fundamental change
in the leadership and policies of the
government of the country concerned;
(ii) that government is not supporting
acts of international terrorism; and
[[Page 401]]
(iii) that government has provided
assurances that it will not support acts of
international terrorism in the future; or
(B) at least 45 days before the proposed
rescission would take effect, a report
justifying the rescission and certifying that--
(i) the government concerned has not
provided any support for international
terrorism during the preceding 6-month
period; and
(ii) the government concerned has
provided assurances that it will not support
acts of international terrorism in the
future.
(2)(A) No rescission under paragraph (1)(B) of a
determination under subsection (d) may be made if the
Congress, within 45 days after receipt of a report under
paragraph (1)(B), enacts a joint resolution the matter after
the resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That the
proposed rescission of the determination under section 40(d)
of the Arms Export Control Act pursuant to the report
submitted to the Congress on_____ is hereby prohibited.'',
the blank to be completed with the appropriate date.
(B) A joint resolution described in subparagraph (A) and
introduced within the appropriate 45-day period shall be
considered in the Senate and the House of Representatives in
accordance with paragraphs (3) through (7) of section
8066(c) of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act (as
contained in Public Law 98-473), except that references in
such paragraphs to the Committees on Appropriations of the
House of Representatives and the Senate shall be deemed to
be references to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate, respectively. (Pub. L. 90-629, ch.
3, Sec. 40, as added Pub. L. 99-399, Title V, Sec. 509(a),
Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 874; amended Pub. L. 101-222,
Sec. 2(a), Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1892; Pub. L. 102-138,
Title III, Sec. 321, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 710; Pub. L.
103-236, Title VIII, Sec. 822(a)(2), Apr. 30, 1994, 108
Stat. 511; Pub. L. 106-113, div. B, Sec. 1000(a)(7) [div. B,
Title XIII, Sec. 1303], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536,
1501A-511; Pub. L. 107-228, div. B, Title XII, Sec. 1204,
Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1427; Pub. L. 111-195, Title I,
Sec. 107(a)(3), July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1337; Pub. L. 113-
276, Title II, Sec. 208(a)(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat.
2992.)
* * * * * * *
369 Sec. 2796a. Reports to Congress
(a) Written certification to Speaker of the House and
chairmen of Congressional committees
Before entering into or renewing any agreement with a
foreign country or international organization to lease any
defense article under this subchapter, or to loan any
defense article under chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2311 et seq.], for a
period of one year or longer, the President shall transmit
to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, and to the chairman of the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, a written
certification which specifies--
(1) the country or international
organization to which the defense article is to
be leased or loaned;
[[Page 402]]
(2) the type, quantity, and value (in terms
of replacement cost) of the defense article to
be leased or loaned;
(3) the terms and duration of the lease or
loan; and
(4) a justification for the lease or loan,
including an explanation of why the defense
article is being leased or loaned rather than
sold under this chapter.
(b) Waiver; determination of emergency
The President may waive the requirements of this section
(and in the case of an agreement described in section 2796b
of this title, may waive the provisions of that section) if
he states in his certification, that an emergency exists
which requires that the lease or loan be entered into
immediately in the national security interests of the United
States. If the President states in his certification that
such an emergency exists, he shall set forth in the
certification a detailed justification for his
determination, including a description of the emergency
circumstances which necessitate that the lease be entered
into immediately and a discussion of the national security
interests involved.
(c) Transmission of certification
The certification required by subsection (a) shall be
transmitted--
(1) not less than 15 calendar days before
the agreement is entered into or renewed in the
case of an agreement with the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, any member country of that
Organization or Australia, Japan, the Republic
of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand; and
(2) not less than 30 calendar days before
the agreement is entered into or renewed in the
case of an agreement with any other organization
or country. (Pub. L. 90-629, ch. 6, Sec. 62, as
added Pub. L. 97-113, Title I, Sec. 109(a), Dec.
29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1525; amended Pub. L. 104-
164, Title I, Sec. 141(e)(1), July 21, 1996, 110
Stat. 1432; Pub. L. 110-429, Title II,
Sec. 203(b)(1), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4845;
Pub. L. 111-266, Title III, Sec. 301(1), Oct. 8,
2010, 124 Stat. 2804; Pub. L. 113-276, Title II,
Sec. 208(a)(4), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2993.)
370 Sec. 2796b. Legislative review procedures
(a) Applicability
(1) Subject to paragraph (2), in the case of any
agreement involving the lease under this subchapter, or the
loan under chapter 2 of part II of the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2311 et seq.], to any foreign country
or international organization for a period of one year or
longer of any defense articles which are either (i) major
defense equipment valued (in terms of its replacement cost
less any depreciation in its value) at $14,000,000 or more,
or (ii) defense articles valued (in terms of their
replacement cost less any depreciation in their value) at
$50,000,000 or more, the agreement may not be entered into
or renewed if the Congress, within the 15-day or 30-day
period specified in section 2796a(c)(1) or (2) of this
title, as the case may be, enacts a joint resolution
prohibiting the proposed lease or loan.
(2) In the case of an agreement described in paragraph
(1) that is entered into with a member country of the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) or Australia, Japan, the
Republic of Korea, Israel, or New Zealand, the limitations
in paragraph (1) shall apply only if the agreement involves
a lease or loan of--
[[Page 403]]
(A) major defense equipment valued (in terms
of its replacement cost less any depreciation in
its value) at $25,000,000 or more; or
(B) defense articles valued (in terms of
their replacement cost less any depreciation in
their value) at $100,000,000 or more.
(b) Consideration of resolution
Any joint resolution under subsection (a) shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\19\
\19\ Id.
(c) Highly privileged nature of resolution
For the purpose of expediting the consideration and
enactment of joint resolutions under subsection (a), a
motion to proceed to the consideration of any such joint
resolution after it has been reported by the appropriate
committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House
of Representatives. (Pub. L. 90-629, ch. 6, Sec. 63, as
added Pub. L. 97-113, Title I, Sec. 109(a), Dec. 29, 1981,
95 Stat. 1525; amended Pub. L. 99-247, Sec. 1(d), Feb. 12,
1986, 100 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 104-164, Title I, Sec. 141(e)(2),
July 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 1433; Pub. L. 107-228, div. B,
Title XIV, Sec. 1405(a)(3), Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1457;
Pub. L. 110-429, Title II, Sec. 203(b)(1), Oct. 15, 2008,
122 Stat. 4845; Pub. L. 111-266, Title III, Sec. 301(1),
Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2804.)
371 Sec. 2799aa. Nuclear enrichment transfers
(a) Prohibitions; safeguards and management
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, no
funds made available to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act
of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] or this chapter may be used
for the purpose of providing economic assistance (including
assistance under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.]), providing
military assistance or grant military education and
training, providing assistance under chapter 6 of part II of
that Act [22 U.S.C. 2348 et seq.], or extending military
credits or making guarantees, to any country which the
President determines delivers nuclear enrichment equipment,
materials, or technology to any other country on or after
August 4, 1977, or receives such equipment, materials, or
technology from any other country on or after August 4,
1977, unless before such delivery--
(1) the supplying country and receiving
country have reached agreement to place all such
equipment, materials, or technology, upon
delivery, under multilateral auspices and
management when available; and
(2) the recipient country has entered into
an agreement with the International Atomic
Energy Agency to place all such equipment,
materials, technology, and all nuclear fuel and
facilities in such country under the safeguards
system of such Agency.
(b) Certification by President of necessity of continued
assistance; disapproval by Congress
(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the
President may furnish assistance which would otherwise be
prohibited under such subsection if he determines and
certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the
House
[[Page 404]]
of Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Relations
of the Senate that--
(A) the termination of such assistance would
have a serious adverse effect on vital United
States interests; and
(B) he has received reliable assurances that
the country in question will not acquire or
develop nuclear weapons or assist other nations
in doing so.
Such certification shall set forth the reasons
supporting such determination in each particular case.
(2)(A) A certification under paragraph (1) of this
subsection shall take effect on the date on which the
certification is received by the Congress. However, if,
within thirty calendar days after receiving this
certification, the Congress enacts a joint resolution
stating in substance that the Congress disapproves the
furnishing of assistance pursuant to the certification, then
upon the enactment of that resolution the certification
shall cease to be effective and all deliveries of assistance
furnished under the authority of that certification shall be
suspended immediately.
(B) Any joint resolution under this paragraph shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\20\
\20\ Id.
372 Sec. 2799aa-1. Nuclear reprocessing transfers, illegal
exports for nuclear explosive devices, transfers of
nuclear explosive devices, and nuclear detonations
(a) Prohibitions on assistance to countries involved in
transfer of nuclear reprocessing equipment, materials,
or technology; exceptions; procedures applicable
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this
subsection, no funds made available to carry out the Foreign
Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.] or this
chapter may be used for the purpose of providing economic
assistance (including assistance under chapter 4 of part II
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2346 et
seq.]), providing military assistance or grant military
education and training, providing assistance under chapter 6
of part II of that Act [22 U.S.C. 2348 et seq.], or
extending military credits or making guarantees, to any
country which the President determines--
(A) delivers nuclear reprocessing equipment,
materials, or technology to any other country on
or after August 4, 1977, or receives such
equipment, materials, or technology from any
other country on or after August 4, 1977 (except
for the transfer of reprocessing technology
associated with the investigation, under
international evaluation programs in which the
United States participates, of technologies
which are alternatives to pure plutonium
reprocessing), or
(B) is a non-nuclear-weapon state which, on
or after August 8, 1985, exports illegally (or
attempts to export illegally) from the United
States any material, equipment, or technology
which would contribute significantly to the
ability of such country to manufacture a nuclear
explosive device, if the President determines
that the material, equipment, or technology was
to be used by such country in the manufacture of
a nuclear explosive device.
[[Page 405]]
For purposes of clause (B), an export (or attempted export)
by a person who is an agent of, or is otherwise acting on
behalf of or in the interests of, a country shall be
considered to be an export (or attempted export) by that
country.
(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection,
the President in any fiscal year may furnish assistance
which would otherwise be prohibited under that paragraph if
he determines and certifies in writing during that fiscal
year to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of
the Senate that the termination of such assistance would be
seriously prejudicial to the achievement of United States
nonproliferation objectives or otherwise jeopardize the
common defense and security. The President shall transmit
with such certification a statement setting forth the
specific reasons therefor.
(3)(A) A certification under paragraph (2) of this
subsection shall take effect on the date on which the
certification is received by the Congress. However, if,
within 30 calendar days after receiving this certification,
the Congress enacts a joint resolution stating in substance
that the Congress disapproves the furnishing of assistance
pursuant to the certification, then upon the enactment of
that resolution the certification shall cease to be
effective and all deliveries of assistance furnished under
the authority of that certification shall be suspended
immediately.
(B) Any joint resolution under this paragraph shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\21\
\21\ Id.
* * * * * * *
(4)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection,
the President may, for a period of not more than 30 days of
continuous session, delay the imposition of sanctions which
would otherwise be required under paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B)
of this subsection if the President first transmits to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives, and to the chairman
of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, a
certification that he has determined that an immediate
imposition of sanctions on that country would be detrimental
to the national security of the United States. Not more than
one such certification may be transmitted for a country with
respect to the same detonation, transfer, or receipt of a
nuclear explosive device.
(B) If the President transmits a certification to the
Congress under subparagraph (A), a joint resolution which
would permit the President to exercise the waiver authority
of paragraph (5) of this subsection shall, if introduced in
either House within thirty days of continuous session after
the Congress receives this certification, be considered in
the Senate in accordance with subparagraph (C) of this
paragraph.
(C) Any joint resolution under this paragraph shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security Assistance
and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\22\
\22\ Id.
(D) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``joint
resolution'' means a joint resolution the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as
[[Page 406]]
follows: ``That the Congress having received on_____ a
certification by the President under section 102(b)(4) of
the Arms Export Control Act with respect to_____, the
Congress hereby authorizes the President to exercise the
waiver authority contained in section 102(b)(5) of that
Act.'', with the date of receipt of the certification
inserted in the first blank and the name of the country
inserted in the second blank.
(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, if
the Congress enacts a joint resolution under paragraph (4)
of this subsection, the President may waive any sanction
which would otherwise be required under paragraph (1)(A) or
(1)(B) if he determines and certifies in writing to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate that the imposition of such
sanction would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement
of United States nonproliferation objectives or otherwise
jeopardize the common defense and security. The President
shall transmit with such certification a statement setting
forth the specific reasons therefor.
(6)(A) In the event the President is required to impose
sanctions against a country under paragraph (1)(C) or
(1)(D), the President shall forthwith so inform such country
and shall impose the required sanctions beginning 30 days
after submitting to the Congress the report required by
paragraph (1) unless, and to the extent that, there is
enacted during the 30-day period a law prohibiting the
imposition of such sanctions.
(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the
sanctions which are required to be imposed against a country
under paragraph (1)(C) or (1)(D) shall not apply if the
President determines and certifies in writing to the
Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives that the
application of such sanctions against such country would
have a serious adverse effect on vital United States
interests. The President shall transmit with such
certification a statement setting forth the specific reasons
therefor.
(7) For purposes of this subsection, continuity of
session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress sine
die and the days on which either House is not in session
because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day
certain are excluded in the computation of any period of
time in which Congress is in continuous session. (Pub. L.
90-629, ch. 10, Sec. 102, as added Pub. L. 103-236, Title
VIII, Sec. 826(a), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 516; amended
Pub. L. 105-194, Sec. 2(a)-(c), July 14, 1998, 112 Stat.
627; Pub. L. 113-276, Title II, Sec. 208(a)(1), Dec. 18,
2014, 128 Stat. 2992.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 47--NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION
373 Sec. 3224a. Studies and agreements by Secretary of Energy on
multinational or international basis concerning spent
fuel storage facilities and transportation systems;
congressional consent; authorization of appropriations;
limitations on use of funds; exceptions; special nuclear
material for India
* * * * * * *
That, notwithstanding any other provision of law, that
none of the funds appropriated pursuant to this Act or any
other funds made available to the Secretary of Energy under
any other authorization or appro
[[Page 407]]
priation Act shall be used, directly or indirectly, for the
repurchase, transportation, or storage of any such foreign
spent nuclear fuel for storage or other disposition, interim
or permanent, in the United States, unless the use of the
funds for that specific purpose has been (1) previously and
expressly authorized by Congress in legislation hereafter
enacted, (2) previously and expressly authorized by a
concurrent resolution, or (3) the President submits a plan
for such use, with the report information specified herein,
thirty days during which the Congress is in continuous
session, as defined in the Impoundment Control Act of 1974
[2 U.S.C. 681 et seq.], prior to such use and neither House
of Congress approves a resolution of disapproval of the plan
prior to the expiration of the aforementioned thirty-day
period. If such a resolution of disapproval has been
introduced, but has not been reported by the Committee on or
before the twentieth day after transmission of the
Presidential message, a privileged motion shall be in order
in the respective body to discharge the Committee from
further consideration of the resolution and to provide for
its immediate consideration, using the procedures specified
for consideration of an impoundment resolution in section
1017 of the Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (31 U.S.C. 1407)
[2 U.S.C. 688]. (Pub. L. 95-238, Title I, Sec. 107, Feb. 25,
1978, 92 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 9(c), Nov. 2, 1994,
108 Stat. 4588.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 66--UNITED STATES-HONG KONG POLICY
374 Sec. 5701 note. Hong Kong Autonomy Act
* * * * * * *
Sec. 6. Sanctions with Respect to Foreign Persons that
Contravene the Obligations of China Under the Joint
Declaration or the Basic Law.
(a) Imposition of Sanctions.--
(1) In General.--On and after the date on
which a foreign person is included in the report
under section 5(a) or an update to that report
under section 5(e), the President may impose
sanctions described in subsection (b) with
respect to that foreign person.
(2) Mandatory Sanctions.--Not later than one
year after the date on which a foreign person is
included in the report under section 5(a) or an
update to that report under section5(e), the
President shall impose sanctions described in
subsection (b) with respect to that foreign
person.
* * * * * * *
Sec. 7. Sanctions with Respect to Foreign Financial
Institutions that Conduct Significant Transactions with
Foreign Persons that Contravene the Obligations of China
Under the Joint Declaration or the Basic Law.
(a) Imposition of Sanctions.
(1) Initial Sanctions.--Not later than one
year after the date on which a foreign financial
institution is included in the report under
section 5(b) or an update to that report under
section 5(e), the President shall impose not
fewer than 5 of the sanctions described in
subsection (b) with respect to that foreign
financial institution.
[[Page 408]]
(2) Expanded Sanctions.--Not later than two
years after the date on which a foreign
financial institution is included in the report
under section 5(b) or an update to that report
under section 5(e), the President shall impose
each of the sanctions described in subsection
(b).
* * * * * * *
Sec. 8. Waiver, Termination, Exceptions, and Congressional
Review Process.
(a) National Security Waiver.--Unless a disapproval
resolution is enacted under subsection (e), the President
may waive the application of sanctions under section 6 or 7
with respect to a foreign person or foreign financial
institution if the President--
(1) determines that the waiver is in the
national security interest of the United States;
and
(2) submits to the appropriate congressional
committees and leadership a report on the
determination and the reasons for the
determination.
(b) Termination of Sanctions and Removal from Report.--
Unless a disapproval resolution is enacted under
subsection (e), the President may terminate the application
of sanctions under section 6 or 7 with respect to a foreign
person or foreign financial institution and remove the
foreign person from the report required under section 5(a)
or the foreign financial institution from the report
required under section 5(b), as the case may be, if the
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of
the Treasury, determines that the actions taken by the
foreign person or foreign financial institution that led to
the imposition of sanctions--
(1) do not have a significant and lasting
negative effect that contravenes the obligations
of China under the Joint Declaration and the
Basic Law;
(2) are not likely to be repeated in the
future; and
(3) have been reversed or otherwise
mitigated through positive countermeasures taken
by that foreign person or foreign financial
institution.
(c) Termination of Act.--
(1) Report.--
(A) In General.--Not later than July 1,
2046, the President, in consultation with
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the
Treasury, and the heads of such other
Federal agencies as the President considers
appropriate, shall submit to Congress a
report evaluating the implementation of this
Act and sanctions imposed pursuant to this
Act.
(B) Elements.--The President shall
include in the report submitted under
subparagraph (A) an assessment of whether
this Act and the sanctions imposed pursuant
to this Act should be terminated.
(2) Termination.--This Act and the sanctions
imposed pursuant to this Act shall remain in
effect unless a termination resolution is
enacted under subsection (e) after July 1, 2047.
(d) Exception Relating to Importation of Goods.--
[[Page 409]]
(1) In General.--The authorities and
requirements to impose sanctions under sections
6 and 7 shall not include the authority or
requirement to impose sanctions on the
importation of goods.
(2) Good Defined.--In this subsection, the
term ``good'' means any article, natural or
manmade substance, material, supply, or
manufactured product, including inspection and
test equipment, and excluding technical data.
(e) Congressional Review.--
(1) Resolutions.--
(A) Disapproval resolution.--In this
section, the term `disapproval resolution'
means only a joint resolution of either
House of Congress--
(i) the title of which is as
follows: `A joint resolution
disapproving the waiver or
termination of sanctions with
respect to a foreign person that
contravenes the obligations of China
with respect to Hong Kong or a
foreign financial institution that
conducts a significant transaction
with that person.'; and
(ii) the sole matter after the
resolving clause of which is the
following: `Congress disapproves of
the action under section 8 of the
Hong Kong Autonomy Act relating to
the application of sanctions imposed
with respect to a foreign person
that contravenes the obligations of
China with respect to Hong Kong, or
a foreign financial institution that
conducts a significant transaction
with that person, on ------------
relating to ------------.', with the
first blank space being filled with
the appropriate date and the second
blank space being filled with a
short description of the proposed
action.
(B) Termination resolution.--In this
section, the term `termination resolution'
means only a joint resolution of either
House of Congress--
(i) the title of which is as
follows: `A joint resolution
terminating sanctions with respect
to foreign persons that contravene
the obligations of China with
respect to Hong Kong and foreign
financial institutions that conduct
significant transactions with those
persons.'; and
(ii) the sole matter after the
resolving clause of which is the
following: `The Hong Kong Autonomy
Act and any sanctions imposed
pursuant to that Act shall terminate
on ------------.', with the blank
space being filled with the
termination date.
(C) Covered resolution.--In this
subsection, the term `covered resolution'
means a disapproval resolution or a
termination resolution.
(2) Introduction.--A covered resolution may
be introduced--(A) in the House of
Representatives, by the majority leader or the
minority leader; and(B) in the Senate, by the
majority leader (or the majority leader's
designee) or the minority leader (or the
minority leader's designee).
(3) Floor consideration in House of
Representatives.--If a committee of the House of
Representatives to which a covered resolution
has been referred has not reported the
resolution within 10 legisla
[[Page 410]]
tive days after the date of referral, that
committee shall be discharged from further
consideration of the resolution.
(4) Consideration in the Senate.--
(A) Committee referral.--
(i) Disapproval resolution.--A
disapproval resolution introduced in
the Senate shall be--
(I) referred to the Committee
on Banking, Housing, and Urban
Affairs if the resolution relates to
an action that is not intended to
significantly alter United States
foreign policy with regard to China;
and
(II) referred to the Committee
on Foreign Relations if the
resolution relates to an action that
is intended to significantly alter
United States foreign policy with
regard to China.
(ii) Termination resolution.--A
termination resolution introduced in
the Senate shall be referred to the
Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs and the Committee on
Foreign Relations.
(B) Reporting and discharge.--If a
committee to which a covered resolution was
referred has not reported the resolution
within 10 legislative days after the date of
referral of the resolution, that committee
shall be discharged from further
consideration of the resolution and the
resolution shall be placed on the
appropriate calendar.
(C) Proceeding to consideration.--
Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the Standing
Rules of the Senate, it is in order at any
time after the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs or the Committee
on Foreign Relations, as the case may be,
reports a covered resolution to the Senate
or has been discharged from consideration of
such a resolution (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed
to) to move to proceed to the consideration
of the resolution, and all points of order
against the resolution (and against
consideration of the resolution) are waived.
The motion to proceed is not debatable. The
motion is not subject to a motion to
postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed
to shall not be in order.
(D) Rulings of the chair on procedure.--
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair
relating to the application of the rules of
the Senate, as the case may be, to the
procedure relating to a covered resolution
shall be decided without debate.
(E) Consideration of veto messages.--
Debate in the Senate of any veto message
with respect to a covered resolution,
including all debatable motions and appeals
in connection with the resolution, shall be
limited to 10 hours, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the majority
leader and the minority leader or their
designees.
(5) Rules relating to Senate and House of
Representatives.--
(A) Treatment of Senate Resolution in
House.--In the House of Representatives, the
following procedures shall apply to a
covered resolution received from the Senate
(unless the House has already passed a
resolution relating to the same proposed
action):
[[Page 411]]
(i) The resolution shall be
referred to the appropriate
committees.
(ii) If a committee to which a
resolution has been referred has not
reported the resolution within 10
legislative days after the date of
referral, that committee shall be
discharged from further
consideration of the resolution.
(iii) Beginning on the third
legislative day after each committee
to which a resolution has been
referred reports the resolution to
the House or has been discharged
from further consideration thereof,
it shall be in order to move to
proceed to consider the resolution
in the House. All points of order
against the motion are waived. Such
a motion shall not be in order after
the House has disposed of a motion
to proceed on the resolution. The
previous question shall be
considered as ordered on the motion
to its adoption without intervening
motion. The motion shall not be
debatable. A motion to reconsider
the vote by which the motion is
disposed of shall not be in order.
(iv) The resolution shall be
considered as read. All points of
order against the resolution and
against its consideration are
waived. The previous question shall
be considered as ordered on the
resolution to final passage without
intervening motion except 2 hours of
debate equally divided and
controlled by the offeror of the
motion to proceed (or a designee)
and an opponent. A motion to
reconsider the vote on passage of
the resolution shall not be in
order.
(B) Treatment of House Resolution in
Senate.--
(i) Received before passage of
Senate resolution.--If, before the
passage by the Senate of a covered
resolution, the Senate receives an
identical resolution from the House
of Representatives, the following
procedures shall apply:
(I) That resolution shall not
be referred to a committee.
(II) With respect to that
resolution--
(aa) the procedure in the
Senate shall be the same as if no
resolution had been received from
the House of Representatives; but
(bb) the vote on passage
shall be on the resolution from the
House of Representatives.
(ii) Received after passage of
Senate resolution.--If, following
passage of a covered resolution in
the Senate, the Senate receives an
identical resolution from the House
of Representatives, that resolution
shall be placed on the appropriate
Senate calendar.
(iii) No Senate companion.--If a
covered resolution is received from
the House of Representatives, and no
companion resolution has been
introduced in the Senate, the Senate
procedures under this subsection
shall apply to the resolution from
the House of Representatives.
(C) Application to revenue measures.--
The provisions of this paragraph shall not
apply in the House of Representatives to a
covered resolution that is a revenue
measure.
(6) Rules of House of Representatives and
Senate.--This subsection is enacted by
Congress--
[[Page 412]]
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, and as such
is deemed a part of the rules of each House,
respectively, and supersedes other rules
only to the extent that it is inconsistent
with such rules; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner, and to the same extent as in
the case of any other rule of that House.
(Pub. L. 116-149, Sec. Sec. 6, 7, 8, July,
14, 2020, 134 Stat. 673, 677.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 69a--CUBAN LIBERTY AND DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY
(LIBERTAD)
375 Sec. 6064. Termination of economic embargo of Cuba
(a) Presidential actions
Upon submitting a determination to the appropriate
congressional committees under section 6063(c)(1) of this
title that a transition government in Cuba is in power, the
President, after consultation with the Congress, is
authorized to take steps to suspend the economic embargo of
Cuba and to suspend the right of action created in section
6082 of this title with respect to actions thereafter filed
against the Cuban Government, to the extent that such steps
contribute to a stable foundation for a democratically
elected government in Cuba.
(b) Suspension of certain provisions of law
In carrying out subsection (a), the President may
suspend the enforcement of--
(1) section 2370(a) of this title;
(2) section 2370(f) of this title with
respect to the ``Republic of Cuba'';
(3) sections 6003, 6004(d), and 6005 of this
title;
(4) section 902(c) of the Food Security Act
of 1985; and
(5) the prohibitions on transactions
described in part 515 of title 31, Code of
Federal Regulations.
(c) Additional Presidential actions
Upon submitting a determination to the appropriate
congressional committees under section 6063(c)(3) of this
title that a democratically elected government in Cuba is in
power, the President shall take steps to terminate the
economic embargo of Cuba, including the restrictions under
part 515 of title 31, Code of Federal Regulations.
(d) Conforming amendments
On the date on which the President submits a
determination under section 6063(c)(3) of this title--
(1) section 2370(a) of this title is
repealed;
(2) section 2370(f) of this title is amended
by striking ``Republic of Cuba'';
(3) sections 6003, 6004(d), and 6005 of this
title are repealed; and
(4) section 902(c) of the Food Security Act
of 1985 is repealed.
[[Page 413]]
(e) Review of suspension of economic embargo
(1) Review
If the President takes action under
subsection (a) to suspend the economic embargo
of Cuba, the President shall immediately so
notify the Congress. The President shall report
to the Congress no less frequently than every 6
months thereafter, until he submits a
determination under section 6063(c)(3) of this
title that a democratically elected government
in Cuba is in power, on the progress being made
by Cuba toward the establishment of such a
democratically elected government. The action of
the President under subsection (a) shall cease
to be effective upon the enactment of a joint
resolution described in paragraph (2).
(2) Joint resolutions
For purposes of this subsection, the term
``joint resolution'' means only a joint
resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress, the
matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress disapproves the
action of the President under section 204(a) of
the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity
(LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 to suspend the economic
embargo of Cuba, notice of which was submitted
to the Congress on_____.'', with the blank space
being filled with the appropriate date.
(3) Referral to committees
Joint resolutions introduced in the House of
Representatives shall be referred to the
Committee on International Relations and joint
resolutions introduced in the Senate shall be
referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
(4) Procedures
(A) Any joint resolution shall be considered
in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of
1976.\23\
\23\ Id.
(B) For the purpose of expediting the
consideration and enactment of joint
resolutions, a motion to proceed to the
consideration of any joint resolution after it
has been reported by the appropriate committee
shall be treated as highly privileged in the
House of Representatives.
(C) Not more than 1 joint resolution may be
considered in the House of Representatives and
the Senate in the 6-month period beginning on
the date on which the President notifies the
Congress under paragraph (1) of the action taken
under subsection (a), and in each 6-month period
thereafter. (Pub. L. 104-114, Title II,
Sec. 204, Mar. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 810.)
Chapter 102--COUNTERING RUSSIAN INFLUENCE IN EUROPE AND
EURASIA
376 Sec. 9511. Congressional review of certain actions relating
to sanctions imposed with respect to the Russian
Federation
(a) Submission to Congress of proposed action
(1) In general
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
before taking any action described in paragraph
(2), the President shall submit to
[[Page 414]]
the appropriate congressional committees and
leadership a report that describes the proposed
action and the reasons for that action.
(2) Actions described
(A) In general
An action described in this paragraph
is--
(i) an action to terminate the
application of any sanctions
described in subparagraph (B);
(ii) with respect to sanctions
described in subparagraph (B)
imposed by the President with
respect to a person, an action to
waive the application of those
sanctions with respect to that
person; or
(iii) a licensing action that
significantly alters United States'
1 foreign policy with regard to the
Russian Federation.
(B) Sanctions described
The sanctions described in this
subparagraph are--
(i) sanctions provided for
under--
(I) this chapter or any
provision of law amended by this
title, including the Executive
orders codified under section 9522
of this title;
(II) the Support for the
Sovereignty, Integrity, Democracy,
and Economic Stability of Ukraine
Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8901 et
seq.); or
(III) the Ukraine Freedom
Support Act of 2014 (22 U.S.C. 8921
et seq.); and
(ii) the prohibition on access
to the properties of the Government
of the Russian Federation located in
Maryland and New York that the
President ordered vacated on
December 29, 2016.
(3) Description of type of action
Each report submitted under paragraph (1)
with respect to an action described in paragraph
(2) shall include a description of whether the
action--
(A) is not intended to significantly
alter United States foreign policy with
regard to the Russian Federation; or
(B) is intended to significantly alter
United States foreign policy with regard to
the Russian Federation.
(4) Inclusion of additional matter
(A) In general
Each report submitted under paragraph
(1) that relates to an action that is
intended to significantly alter United
States foreign policy with regard to the
Russian Federation shall include a
description of--
(i) the significant alteration
to United States foreign policy with
regard to the Russian Federation;
(ii) the anticipated effect of
the action on the national security
interests of the United States; and
(iii) the policy objectives for
which the sanctions affected by the
action were initially imposed.
(B) Requests from banking and financial
services committees
The Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs of the Senate or the Committee
on Financial Services of the House
[[Page 415]]
of Representatives may request the
submission to the Committee of the matter
described in clauses (ii) and (iii) of
subparagraph (A) with respect to a report
submitted under paragraph (1) that relates
to an action that is not intended to
significantly alter United States foreign
policy with regard to the Russian
Federation.
(5) Confidentiality of proprietary information
Proprietary information that can be
associated with a particular person with respect
to an action described in paragraph (2) may be
included in a report submitted under paragraph
(1) only if the appropriate congressional
committees and leadership provide assurances of
confidentiality, unless such person otherwise
consents in writing to such disclosure.
(6) Rule of construction
Paragraph (2)(A)(iii) shall not be construed
to require the submission of a report under
paragraph (1) with respect to the routine
issuance of a license that does not
significantly alter United States foreign policy
with regard to the Russian Federation.
(b) Period for review by Congress
(1) In general
During the period of 30 calendar days
beginning on the date on which the President
submits a report under subsection (a)(1)--
(A) in the case of a report that relates
to an action that is not intended to
significantly alter United States foreign
policy with regard to the Russian
Federation, the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and
the Committee on Financial Services of the
House of Representatives should, as
appropriate, hold hearings and briefings and
otherwise obtain information in order to
fully review the report; and
(B) in the case of a report that relates
to an action that is intended to
significantly alter United States foreign
policy with regard to the Russian
Federation, the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives should, as appropriate, hold
hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain
information in order to fully review the
report.
(2) Exception
The period for congressional review under
paragraph (1) of a report required to be
submitted under subsection (a)(1) shall be 60
calendar days if the report is submitted on or
after July 10 and on or before September 7 in
any calendar year.
(3) Limitation on actions during initial congressional
review period
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
during the period for congressional review
provided for under paragraph (1) of a report
submitted under subsection (a)(1) proposing an
action described in subsection (a)(2), including
any additional period for such review as
applicable under the exception provided in
paragraph (2), the President may not take that
action unless a joint resolution of approval
with respect to that action is enacted in
accordance with subsection (c).
[[Page 416]]
(4) Limitation on actions during presidential
consideration of a joint resolution of disapproval
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
if a joint resolution of disapproval relating to
a report submitted under subsection (a)(1)
proposing an action described in subsection
(a)(2) passes both Houses of Congress in
accordance with subsection (c), the President
may not take that action for a period of 12
calendar days after the date of passage of the
joint resolution of disapproval.
(5) Limitation on actions during congressional
reconsideration of a joint resolution of disapproval
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
if a joint resolution of disapproval relating to
a report submitted under subsection (a)(1)
proposing an action described in subsection
(a)(2) passes both Houses of Congress in
accordance with subsection (c), and the
President vetoes the joint resolution, the
President may not take that action for a period
of 10 calendar days after the date of the
President's veto.
(6) Effect of enactment of a joint resolution of
disapproval
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
if a joint resolution of disapproval relating to
a report submitted under subsection (a)(1)
proposing an action described in subsection
(a)(2) is enacted in accordance with subsection
(c), the President may not take that action.
(c) Joint resolutions of disapproval or approval defined
In this subsection:
(1) Joint resolution of approval
The term ``joint resolution of approval''
means only a joint resolution of either House of
Congress--
(A) the title of which is as follows:
``A joint resolution approving the
President's proposal to take an action
relating to the application of certain
sanctions with respect to the Russian
Federation.''; and
(B) the sole matter after the resolving
clause of which is the following: ``Congress
approves of the action relating to the
application of sanctions imposed with
respect to the Russian Federation proposed
by the President in the report submitted to
Congress under section 216(a)(1) of the
Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 on_____
relating to_____.'', with the first blank
space being filled with the appropriate date
and the second blank space being filled with
a short description of the proposed action.
(2) Joint resolution of disapproval
The term ``joint resolution of disapproval''
means only a joint resolution of either House of
Congress--
(A) the title of which is as follows:
``A joint resolution disapproving the
President's proposal to take an action
relating to the application of certain
sanctions with respect to the Russian
Federation.''; and
(B) the sole matter after the resolving
clause of which is the following: ``Congress
disapproves of the action relating to the
application of sanctions imposed with
respect to the Russian Federation proposed
by the President in the report submitted to
Congress under section 216(a)(1) of the
Russia Sanctions Review Act of 2017 on_____
relating to_____.'', with the
[[Page 417]]
first blank space being filled with the
appropriate date and the second blank space
being filled with a short description of the
proposed action.
(3) Introduction
During the period of 30 calendar days
provided for under subsection (b)(1), including
any additional period as applicable under the
exception provided in subsection (b)(2), a joint
resolution of approval or joint resolution of
disapproval may be introduced--
(A) in the House of Representatives, by
the majority leader or the minority leader;
and
(B) in the Senate, by the majority
leader (or the majority leader's designee)
or the minority leader (or the minority
leader's designee).
(4) Floor consideration in House of Representatives
If a committee of the House of
Representatives to which a joint resolution of
approval or joint resolution of disapproval has
been referred has not reported the joint
resolution within 10 calendar days after the
date of referral, that committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution.
(5) Consideration in the Senate
(A) Committee referral
A joint resolution of approval or joint
resolution of disapproval introduced in the
Senate shall be--
(i) referred to the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
if the joint resolution relates to a
report under subsection (a)(3)(A)
that relates to an action that is
not intended to significantly alter
United States foreign policy with
regard to the Russian Federation;
and
(ii) referred to the Committee
on Foreign Relations if the joint
resolution relates to a report under
subsection (a)(3)(B) that relates to
an action that is intended to
significantly alter United States
foreign policy with respect to the
Russian Federation.
(B) Reporting and discharge
If the committee to which a joint
resolution of approval or joint resolution
of disapproval was referred has not reported
the joint resolution within 10 calendar days
after the date of referral of the joint
resolution, that committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution and the joint resolution
shall be placed on the appropriate calendar.
(C) Proceeding to consideration
Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order
at any time after the Committee on Banking,
Housing, and Urban Affairs or the Committee
on Foreign Relations, as the case may be,
reports a joint resolution of approval or
joint resolution of disapproval to the
Senate or has been discharged from
consideration of such a joint resolution
(even though a previous motion to the same
effect has been disagreed to) to move to
proceed to the consideration of the joint
resolution, and all points of order against
the joint resolution (and against
consideration of the joint resolution) are
waived. The motion to proceed is not
debatable. The motion is not subject to a
motion to postpone. A motion to reconsider
the vote by
[[Page 418]]
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed
to shall not be in order.
(D) Rulings of the chair on procedure
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair
relating to the application of the rules of
the Senate, as the case may be, to the
procedure relating to a joint resolution of
approval or joint resolution of disapproval
shall be decided without debate.
(E) Consideration of veto messages
Debate in the Senate of any veto message
with respect to a joint resolution of
approval or joint resolution of disapproval,
including all debatable motions and appeals
in connection with the joint resolution,
shall be limited to 10 hours, to be equally
divided between, and controlled by, the
majority leader and the minority leader or
their designees.
(6) Rules relating to Senate and House of
Representatives
(A) Treatment of Senate joint resolution in
House
In the House of Representatives, the
following procedures shall apply to a joint
resolution of approval or a joint resolution
of disapproval received from the Senate
(unless the House has already passed a joint
resolution relating to the same proposed
action):
(i) The joint resolution shall
be referred to the appropriate
committees.
(ii) If a committee to which a
joint resolution has been referred
has not reported the joint
resolution within 2 calendar days
after the date of referral, that
committee shall be discharged from
further consideration of the joint
resolution.
(iii) Beginning on the third
legislative day after each committee
to which a joint resolution has been
referred reports the joint
resolution to the House or has been
discharged from further
consideration thereof, it shall be
in order to move to proceed to
consider the joint resolution in the
House. All points of order against
the motion are waived. Such a motion
shall not be in order after the
House has disposed of a motion to
proceed on the joint resolution. The
previous question shall be
considered as ordered on the motion
to its adoption without intervening
motion. The motion shall not be
debatable. A motion to reconsider
the vote by which the motion is
disposed of shall not be in order.
(iv) The joint resolution shall
be considered as read. All points of
order against the joint resolution
and against its consideration are
waived. The previous question shall
be considered as ordered on the
joint resolution to final passage
without intervening motion except 2
hours of debate equally divided and
controlled by the sponsor of the
joint resolution (or a designee) and
an opponent. A motion to reconsider
the vote on passage of the joint
resolution shall not be in order.
(B) Treatment of House joint resolution in
Senate
(i) If, before the passage by
the Senate of a joint resolution of
approval or joint resolution of
disapproval, the Sen
[[Page 419]]
ate receives an identical joint
resolution from the House of
Representatives, the following
procedures shall apply:
(I) That joint resolution
shall not be referred to a
committee.
(II) With respect to that
joint resolution--
(aa) the procedure in the
Senate shall be the same as if no
joint resolution had been received
from the House of Representatives;
but
(bb) the vote on passage
shall be on the joint resolution
from the House of Representatives.
(ii) If, following passage of a
joint resolution of approval or
joint resolution of disapproval in
the Senate, the Senate receives an
identical joint resolution from the
House of Representatives, that joint
resolution shall be placed on the
appropriate Senate calendar.
(iii) If a joint resolution of
approval or a joint resolution of
disapproval is received from the
House, and no companion joint
resolution has been introduced in
the Senate, the Senate procedures
under this subsection shall apply to
the House joint resolution.
(C) Application to revenue measures
The provisions of this paragraph shall
not apply in the House of Representatives to
a joint resolution of approval or joint
resolution of disapproval that is a revenue
measure.
(7) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
This subsection is enacted by Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, and as such
is deemed a part of the rules of each House,
respectively, and supersedes other rules
only to the extent that it is inconsistent
with such rules; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner, and to the same extent as in
the case of any other rule of that House.
(d) Appropriate congressional committees and leadership
defined
In this section, the term ``appropriate congressional
committees and leadership'' means--
(1) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and
Urban Affairs, the Committee on Foreign
Relations, and the majority and minority leaders
of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Financial Services, the
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker,
the majority leader, and the minority leader of
the House of Representatives. (Pub. L. 115-44,
Title II, Sec. 216, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat.
900.)
26 u.s.c.--internal revenue code
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 420]]
TITLE 26--INTERNAL REVENUE CODE
Chapter 95--PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION CAMPAIGN FUND
377 Sec. 9009. Reports to Congress; regulations
(a) Reports
The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after each
presidential election, submit a full report to the Senate
and House of Representatives setting forth--
(1) the qualified campaign expenses (shown
in such detail as the Commission determines
necessary) incurred by the candidates of each
political party and their authorized committees;
(2) the amounts certified by it under
section 9005 for payment to the eligible
candidates of each political party; and
(3) the amount of payments, if any, required
from such candidates under section 9007, and the
reasons for each payment required.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be
printed as a Senate document.
(b) Regulations, etc.
The Commission is authorized to prescribe such rules and
regulations in accordance with the provisions of subsection
(c), to conduct such examinations and audits (in addition to
the examinations and audits required by section 9007(a)), to
conduct such investigations, and to require the keeping and
submission of such books, records, and information, as it
deems necessary to carry out the functions and duties
imposed on it by this chapter.
(c) Review of regulations
(1) The Commission, before prescribing any rule or
regulation under subsection (b), shall transmit a statement
with respect to such rule or regulation to the Senate and to
the House of Representatives, in accordance with the
provisions of this subsection. Such statement shall set
forth the proposed rule or regulation and shall contain a
detailed explanation and justification of such rule or
regulation.
(2) If either such House does not, through appropriate
action, disapprove the proposed rule or regulation set forth
in such statement no later than 30 legislative days after
receipt of such statement, then the Commission may prescribe
such rule or regulation. Whenever a committee of the House
of Representatives reports any resolution relating to any
such rule or regulation, it is at any time thereafter in
order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has
been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration
of the resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is
not debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order,
and it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. The
Commission may not prescribe any rule or regulation which is
disapproved by either such House under this paragraph.
[[Page 421]]
(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``legislative days'' does not include any calendar day on
which both Houses of the Congress are not in session.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``rule or
regulation'' means a provision or series of interrelated
provisions stating a single separable rule of law. (Added
Pub. L. 92-178, Title VIII, Sec. 801, Dec. 10, 1971, 85
Stat. 569; amended Pub. L. 93-443, Title IV,
Sec. Sec. 404(c)(12), (13), 406(b)(1), 409, Oct. 15, 1974,
88 Stat. 1292, 1293, 1296, 1303; Pub. L. 94-283, Title III,
Sec. 304(a), May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 113-94,
Sec. 2(c)(1), Apr. 3, 2014, 128 Stat. 1085.)
Chapter 96--PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY MATCHING PAYMENT ACCOUNT
378 Sec. 9039. Reports to Congress; regulations
(a) Reports
The Commission shall, as soon as practicable after each
matching payment period, submit a full report to the Senate
and House of Representatives setting forth--
(1) the qualified campaign expenses (shown
in such detail as the Commission determines
necessary) incurred by the candidates of each
political party and their authorized committees,
(2) the amounts certified by it under
section 9036 for payment to each eligible
candidate, and
(3) the amount of payments, if any, required
from candidates under section 9038, and the
reasons for each payment required.
Each report submitted pursuant to this section shall be
printed as a Senate document.
(b) Regulations, etc.
The Commission is authorized to prescribe rules and
regulations in accordance with the provisions of subsection
(c), to conduct examinations and audits (in addition to the
examinations and audits required by section 9038(a)), to
conduct investigations, and to require the keeping and
submission of any books, records, and information, which it
determines to be necessary to carry out its responsibilities
under this chapter.
(c) Review of regulations
(1) The Commission, before prescribing any rule or
regulation under subsection (b), shall transmit a statement
with respect to such rule or regulation to the Senate and to
the House of Representatives, in accordance with the
provisions of this subsection. Such statement shall set
forth the proposed rule or regulation and shall contain a
detailed explanation and justification of such rule or
regulation.
(2) If either such House does not, through appropriate
action, disapprove the proposed rule or regulation set forth
in such statement no later than 30 legislative days after
receipt of such statement, then the Commission may prescribe
such rule or regulation. Whenever a committee of the House
of Representatives reports any resolution relating to any
such rule or regulation, it is at any time thereafter in
order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has
been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration
of the resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is
not debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order,
and it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote
[[Page 422]]
by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to. The
Commission may not prescribe any rule or regulation which is
disapproved by either such House under this paragraph.
(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``legislative days'' does not include any calendar day on
which both Houses of the Congress are not in session.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``rule or
regulation'' means a provision or series of interrelated
provisions stating a single separable rule of law. (Added
Pub. L. 93-443, Title IV, Sec. 408(c), Oct. 15, 1974, 88
Stat. 1301; amended Pub. L. 94-283, Title III, Sec. 304(b),
May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 499.)
29 u.s.c.--labor
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 423]]
TITLE 29--LABOR
Chapter 18--EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY PROGRAM
379 Sec. 1306. Premium rates
* * * * * * *
(b) Revised schedule; Congressional procedures applicable
(1) In order to place a revised schedule (other than a
schedule described in subsection (a)(2)(C), (D), or (E)) in
effect, the corporation shall transmit the proposed
schedule, its proposed effective date, and the reasons for
its proposal to the Committee on Ways and Means and the
Committee on Education and Labor of the House of
Representatives, and to the Committee on Finance and the
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate.
(2) The succeeding paragraphs of this subsection are
enacted by Congress as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such they shall be deemed a part of the
rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with
respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the
case of resolutions described in paragraph (3). They shall
supersede other rules only to the extent that they are
inconsistent therewith. They are enacted with full
recognition of the constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
that House) at any time, in the same manner and to the same
extent as in the case of any rule of that House.
(3) For the purpose of the succeeding paragraphs of this
subsection, ``resolution'' means only a joint resolution,
the matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``The proposed revised schedule transmitted to
Congress by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation on_____
is hereby approved.'', the blank space therein being filled
with the date on which the corporation's message proposing
the rate was delivered.
(4) A resolution shall be referred to the Committee on
Ways and Means and the Committee on Education and Labor of
the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Finance
and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the
Senate.
(5) If a committee to which has been referred a
resolution has not reported it before the expiration of 10
calendar days after its introduction, it shall then (but not
before) be in order to move to discharge the committee from
further consideration of that resolution, or to discharge
the committee from further consideration of any other
resolution with respect to the proposed adjustment which has
been referred to the committee. The motion to discharge may
be made only by a person favoring the resolution, shall be
highly privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported a resolution with respect to the same
proposed rate), and debate thereon shall be limited to not
more than 1 hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion is
[[Page 424]]
not in order, and it is not in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed to, the
motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same proposed rate.
(6) When a committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of a resolution, it is
at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to
proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The motion
is highly privileged and is not debatable. An amendment to
the motion is not in order, and it is not in order to move
to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to. Debate on the resolution shall be limited to
not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally
between those favoring and those opposing the resolution. A
motion further to limit debate is not debatable. An
amendment to, or motion to recommit, the resolution is not
in order, and it is not in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which the resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
(7) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from committee, or the consideration of, a
resolution and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business shall be decided without debate. Appeals from
the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of
the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as
the case may be, to the procedure relating to a resolution
shall be decided without debate. (Pub. L. 93-406, Title IV,
Sec. 4006, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 1010; Pub. L. 96-364,
Title I, Sec. 105, Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1264; Pub. L.
99-272, Title XI, Sec. 11005(a)-(c)(3), Apr. 7, 1986, 100
Stat. 240-242; Pub. L. 100-203, Title IX, Sec. 9331(a), (b),
(e), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-367, 1330-368; Pub. L.
101-239, Title VII, Sec. 7881(h), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat.
2442; Pub. L. 101-508, Title XII, Sec. 12021(a), (b), Nov.
5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-573; Pub. L. 103-465, Title VII,
Sec. 774(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), Dec. 8, 1994, 108 Stat. 5045 ,
5046; Pub. L. 107-147, Title IV, Sec. 405(c), Mar. 9, 2002,
116 Stat. 43; Pub. L. 108-218, Title I, Sec. 101(a)(4), Apr.
10, 2004, 118 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 108-311, Title IV,
Sec. 403(d), Oct. 4, 2004, 118 Stat. 1187; Pub. L. 109-171,
Title VIII, Sec. 8101(a)-(c), Feb. 8, 2006, 120 Stat. 180-
182; Pub. L. 109-280, Title III, Sec. 301(a)(3), Title IV,
Sec. Sec. 401(a)(1), (b)(1), (2)(A), 405(a), Aug. 17, 2006,
120 Stat. 919, 922, 928; Pub. L. 110-458, Title I,
Sec. 104(a), Dec. 23, 2008, 122 Stat. 5104; Pub. L. 112-141,
div. D, Title II, Sec. Sec. 40211(b)(3)(C), 40221, 40222,
July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 849-852; Pub. L. 113-67, div. A,
Title VII, Sec. 703(a)-(d), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1190,
1191; Pub. L. 113-235, div. O, Title I, Sec. 131(a), Dec.
16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2796; Pub. L. 114-74, Title V,
Sec. 501(a)-(b)(2), Nov. 2, 2015, 129 Stat. 591, 592; Pub.
L. 116-94, div. O, Title II, Sec. 206, Dec. 20, 2019, 133
Stat. 3174.)
* * * * * * *
380 Sec. 1322a. Multiemployer plan benefits guaranteed
* * * * * * *
(f) Study, report, etc., respecting premium increase in
existing basic-benefit guarantee levels; Congressional
procedures applicable for revision of schedules
(1) No later than 5 years after September 26, 1980, and
at least every fifth year thereafter, the corporation
shall--
[[Page 425]]
(A) conduct a study to determine--
(i) the premiums needed to maintain the
basic-benefit guarantee levels for
multiemployer plans described in subsection
(c), and
(ii) whether the basic-benefit guarantee
levels for multiemployer plans may be
increased without increasing the basic-
benefit premiums for multiemployer plans
under this subchapter; and
(B) report such determinations to the
Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on
Education and Labor of the House of
Representatives and to the Committee on Finance
and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources
of the Senate.
(2)(A) If the last report described in paragraph (1)
indicates that a premium increase is necessary to support
the existing basic-benefit guarantee levels for
multiemployer plans, the corporation shall transmit to the
Committee on Ways and Means and the Committee on Education
and Labor of the House of Representatives and to the
Committee on Finance and the Committee on Labor and Human
Resources of the Senate by March 31 of any calendar year in
which congressional action under this subsection is
requested--
(i) a revised schedule of basic-benefit
guarantees for multiemployer plans which would
be necessary in the absence of an increase in
premiums approved in accordance with section
1306(b) of this title,
(ii) a revised schedule of basic-benefit
premiums for multiemployer plans which is
necessary to support the existing basic-benefit
guarantees for such plans, and
(iii) a revised schedule of basic-benefit
guarantees for multiemployer plans for which the
schedule of premiums necessary is higher than
the existing premium schedule for such plans but
lower than the revised schedule of premiums for
such plans specified in clause (ii), together
with such schedule of premiums.
(B) The revised schedule of increased premiums referred
to in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (A)(iii) shall go into effect
as approved by the enactment of a joint resolution.
(C) If an increase in premiums is not so enacted, the
revised guarantee schedule described in subparagraph (A)(i)
shall go into effect on the first day of the second calendar
year following the year in which such revised guarantee
schedule was submitted to the Congress.
(3)(A) If the last report described in paragraph (1)
indicates that basic-benefit guarantees for multiemployer
plans can be increased without increasing the basic-benefit
premiums for multiemployer plans under this subchapter, the
corporation shall submit to the Committee on Ways and Means
and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of
Representatives and to the Committee on Finance and the
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate by
March 31 of the calendar year in which congressional action
under this paragraph is requested--
(i) a revised schedule of increases in the
basic-benefit guarantees which can be supported
by the existing schedule of basic-benefit
premiums for multiemployer plans, and
(ii) a revised schedule of basic-benefit
premiums sufficient to support the existing
basic-benefit guarantees.
[[Page 426]]
(B) The revised schedules referred to in subparagraph
(A)(i) or subparagraph (A)(ii) shall go into effect as
approved by the enactment of a joint resolution.
(4)(A) The succeeding subparagraphs of this paragraph
are enacted by the Congress as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such they shall be deemed a part of the
rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with
respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the
case of joint resolutions (as defined in subparagraph (B)).
Such subparagraphs shall supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent therewith. They are
enacted with full recognition of the constitutional right of
either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any rule of that
House.
(B) For purposes of this subsection, ``joint
resolution'' means only a joint resolution, the matter after
the resolving clause of which is as follows: ``The proposed
schedule described in transmitted to the Congress by the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation on is hereby
approved.'', the first blank space therein being filled with
``section 4022A(f)(2)(A)(ii) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974'', ``section 4022A(f)(2)(A)(iii)
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974'',
``section 4022A(f)(3)(A)(i) of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974'', or ``section
4022A(f)(3)(A)(ii) of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974'' (whichever is applicable), and the
second blank space therein being filled with the date on
which the corporation's message proposing the revision was
submitted.
(C) The procedure for disposition of a joint resolution
shall be the procedure described in section 1306(b)(4)
through (7) of this title.
(g) Guarantee of payment of other classes of benefits and
establishment of terms and conditions of guarantee;
promulgation of regulations for establishment of
supplemental program to guarantee benefits otherwise
ineligible; status of benefits; applicability of revised
schedule of premiums
(1) The corporation may guarantee the payment of such
other classes of benefits under multiemployer plans, and
establish the terms and conditions under which those other
classes of benefits are guaranteed, as it determines to be
appropriate.
(2)(A) The corporation shall prescribe regulations to
establish a supplemental program to guarantee benefits under
multiemployer plans which would be guaranteed under this
section but for the limitations in subsection (c). Such
regulations shall be proposed by the corporation no later
than the end of the 18th calendar month following September
26, 1980. The regulations shall make coverage under the
supplemental program available no later than January 1,
1983. Any election to participate in the supplemental
program shall be on a voluntary basis, and a plan electing
such coverage shall continue to pay the premiums required
under section 1306(a)(2)(B) of this title to the revolving
fund used pursuant to section 1305 of this title in
connection with benefits otherwise guaranteed under this
section. Any such election shall be irrevocable, except to
the extent otherwise provided by regulations prescribed by
the corporation.
(B) The regulations prescribed under this paragraph
shall provide--
[[Page 427]]
(i) that a plan must elect coverage under
the supplemental program within the time
permitted by the regulations;
(ii) unless the corporation determines
otherwise, that a plan may not elect
supplemental coverage unless the value of the
assets of the plan as of the end of the plan
year preceding the plan year in which the
election must be made is an amount equal to 15
times the total amount of the benefit payments
made under the plan for that year; and
(iii) such other reasonable terms and
conditions for supplemental coverage, including
funding standards and any other reasonable
limitations with respect to plans or benefits
covered or to means of program financing, as the
corporation determines are necessary and
appropriate for a feasible supplemental program
consistent with the purposes of this subchapter.
(3) Any benefits guaranteed under this subsection shall
be considered nonbasic benefits for purposes of this
subchapter.
(4)(A) No revised schedule of premiums under this
subsection, after the initial schedule, shall go into effect
unless--
(i) the revised schedule is submitted to the
Congress, and
(ii) a joint resolution described in
subparagraph (B) is not enacted before the close
of the 60th legislative day after such schedule
is submitted to the Congress.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), a joint resolution
described in this subparagraph is a joint resolution the
matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows:
``The revised premium schedule transmitted to the Congress
by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation under section
4022A(g)(4) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act
of 1974 on ______ is hereby disapproved.'', the blank space
therein being filled with the date on which the revised
schedule was submitted.
(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term
``legislative day'' means any calendar day other than a day
on which either House is not in session because of a sine
die adjournment or an adjournment of more than 3 days to a
day certain.
(D) The procedure for disposition of a joint resolution
described in subparagraph (B) shall be the procedure
described in paragraphs (4) through (7) of section 1306(b)
of this title.
(5) Regulations prescribed by the corporation to carry
out the provisions of this subsection, may, to the extent
provided therein, supersede the requirements of sections
1426, 1431, and 1441 of this title, and the requirements of
section 418E of title 26, but only with respect to benefits
guaranteed under this subsection. (Pub. L. 93-406, Title IV,
Sec. 4022A, as added Pub. L. 96-364, Title I, Sec. 102,
Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1210; amended Pub. L. 99-272, Title
XI, Sec. 11005(c)(4)-(12), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 242; Pub.
L. 101-239, Title VII, Sec. Sec. 7891(a)(1), 7893(b),
7894(g)(3)(C)(i), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2445, 2447, 2451;
Pub. L. 106-554, Sec. 1(a)(6) [Title IX, Sec. 951(a)], Dec.
21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-586; Pub. L. 113-235, div.
O, Title I, Sec. 110(a), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2792.)
* * * * * * *
31 u.s.c.--money and finance
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 428]]
TITLE 31--MONEY AND FINANCE
Chapter 11--THE BUDGET AND FISCAL, BUDGET, AND PROGRAM
INFORMATION
381 Sec. 1105. Budget contents and submission to Congress
* * * * * * *
(h)(1) If there is a medicare funding warning under
section 801(a)(2) of the Medicare Prescription Drug,
Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 made in a year,
the President shall submit to Congress, within the 15-day
period beginning on the date of the budget submission to
Congress under subsection (a) for the succeeding year,
proposed legislation to respond to such warning.
(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply if, during the year in
which the warning is made, legislation is enacted which
eliminates excess general revenue medicare funding (as
defined in section 801(c) of the Medicare Prescription Drug,
Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003) for the 7-
fiscal-year reporting period, as certified by the Board of
Trustees of each medicare trust fund (as defined in section
801(c)(5) of such Act) not later than 30 days after the date
of the enactment of such legislation.
* * * * * * *
382 Sec. 1105 note. Procedures in the Senate
``(a) Introduction and Referral of President's
Legislative Proposal.--
``(1) Introduction.--In the case of a
legislative proposal submitted by the President
pursuant to section 1105(h) of title 31, United
States Code, within the 15-day period specified
in paragraph (1) of such section, the Majority
Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate (or
their designees) shall introduce such proposal
(by request), the title of which is as follows:
`A bill to respond to a medicare funding
warning.' Such bill shall be introduced within 3
days of session after Congress receives such
proposal.
``(2) Referral.--Any legislation introduced
pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be referred to
the Committee on Finance.
``(b) Medicare Funding Legislation.--For purposes of
this section, the term `medicare funding legislation'
means--
``(1) legislation introduced pursuant to
subsection (a)(1), but only if the legislative
proposal upon which the legislation is based was
submitted within the 15-day period referred to
in such subsection; or
``(2) any bill the title of which is as
follows: `A bill to respond to a medicare
funding warning.'.
``(c) Qualification for Special Procedures.--
``(1) In general.--The special procedures
set forth in subsections (d) and (e) shall apply
to medicare funding legislation, as described in
subsection (b), only if the legislation--
``(A) is medicare funding legislation
that is passed by the House of
Representatives; or
``(B) contains matter within the
jurisdiction of the Committee on Finance in
the Senate.
[[Page 429]]
``(2) Failure to qualify for special
procedures.--If the medicare funding legislation
does not satisfy paragraph (1), then the
legislation shall be considered under the
ordinary procedures of the Standing Rules of the
Senate.
``(d) Discharge.--
``(1) In general.--If the Committee on
Finance has not reported medicare funding
legislation described in subsection (c)(1) by
June 30 of a year in which the President is
required to submit medicare funding legislation
to Congress under section 1105(h) of title 31,
United States Code, then any Senator may move to
discharge the Committee of any single medicare
funding legislation measure. Only one such
motion shall be in order in any session of
Congress.
``(2) Debate limits.--Debate in the Senate
on any such motion to discharge, and all appeals
in connection therewith, shall be limited to not
more than 2 hours. The time shall be equally
divided between, and controlled by, the maker of
the motion and the Majority Leader, or their
designees, except that in the event the Majority
Leader is in favor of such motion, the time in
opposition thereto shall be controlled by the
Minority Leader or the Minority Leader's
designee. A point of order under this subsection
may be made at any time. It is not in order to
move to proceed to another measure or matter
while such motion (or the motion to reconsider
such motion) is pending.
``(3) Amendments.--No amendment to the
motion to discharge shall be in order.
``(4) Exception if certified legislation
enacted.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1), it
shall not be in order to discharge the Committee
from further consideration of medicare funding
legislation pursuant to this subsection during a
session of a Congress if the chairman of the
Committee on the Budget of the Senate certifies
that medicare funding legislation has been
enacted that eliminates excess general revenue
medicare funding (as defined in section 801(c)
[set out as a note under section 1395i of Title
42, The Public Health and Welfare]) for each
fiscal year in the 7-fiscal-year reporting
period.
``(e) Consideration.--After the date on which the
Committee on Finance has reported medicare funding
legislation described in subsection (c)(1), or has been
discharged (under subsection (d)) from further consideration
of, such legislation, it is in order (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) for any
Member of the Senate to move to proceed to the consideration
of such legislation.
``(f) Rules of the Senate.--This section is enacted by
the Senate--
``(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of the Senate, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed in
the Senate in the case of a bill described in
this paragraph, and it supersedes other rules
only to the extent that it is inconsistent with
such rules; and
``(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
the Senate) at any time, in the same manner, and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate.'' (Pub. L. 108-173, Title
VIII, Sec. 804, Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2363.)
38 u.s.c.--veterans' benefits
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 430]]
TITLE 38--VETERANS' BENEFITS
Chapter 17--HOSPITAL, NURSING HOME, DOMICILIARY, AND MEDICAL
CARE
383 Sec. 1703E. Center for Innovation for Care and Payment
(a) In General.--(1) There is established within the
Department a Center for Innovation for Care and Payment (in
this section referred to as the ``Center'').
(2) The Secretary, acting through the Center, may carry
out such pilot programs the Secretary determines to be
appropriate to develop innovative approaches to testing
payment and service delivery models in order to reduce
expenditures while preserving or enhancing the quality of
care furnished by the Department.
(3) The Secretary, acting through the Center, shall test
payment and service delivery models to determine whether
such models--
(A) improve access to, and quality,
timeliness, and patient satisfaction of care and
services; and
(B) create cost savings for the Department.
(4)(A) The Secretary shall test a model in a location
where the Secretary determines that the model will addresses
deficits in care (including poor clinical outcomes or
potentially avoidable expenditures) for a defined
population.
(B) The Secretary shall focus on models the Secretary
expects to reduce program costs while preserving or
enhancing the quality of care received by individuals
receiving benefits under this chapter.
(C) The models selected may include those described in
section 1115A(b)(2)(B) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
1315a(b)(2)(B)).
(5) In selecting a model for testing, the Secretary may
consider, in addition to other factors identified in this
subsection, the following factors:
(A) Whether the model includes a regular
process for monitoring and updating patient care
plans in a manner that is consistent with the
needs and preferences of individuals receiving
benefits under this chapter.
(B) Whether the model places the individual
receiving benefits under this chapter (including
family members and other caregivers of such
individual) at the center of the care team of
such individual.
(C) Whether the model uses technology or new
systems to coordinate care over time and across
settings.
(D) Whether the model demonstrates effective
linkage with other public sector payers, private
sector payers, or statewide payment models.
(6)(A) Models tested under this section may not be
designed in such a way that would allow the United States to
recover or collect reasonable charges from a Federal health
care program for care or services furnished by the Secretary
to a veteran under pilot programs carried out under this
section.
[[Page 431]]
(B) In this paragraph, the term ``Federal health care
program'' means--
(i) an insurance program described in
section 1811 of the Social Security Act (42
U.S.C. 1395c) or established by section 1831
of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395j);
(ii) a State plan for medical assistance
approved under title XIX of such Act (42
U.S.C. 1396 et seq.); or
(iii) a TRICARE program operated under
sections 1075, 1075a, 1076, 1076a, 1076c,
1076d, 1076e, or 1076f of title 10.
(b) Duration.--Each pilot program carried out by the
Secretary under this section shall terminate no later than 5
years after the date of the commencement of the pilot
program.
(c) Location.--The Secretary shall ensure that each
pilot program carried out under this section occurs in an
area or areas appropriate for the intended purposes of the
pilot program. To the extent practicable, the Secretary
shall ensure that the pilot programs are located in
geographically diverse areas of the United States.
(d) Budget.--Funding for each pilot program carried out
by the Secretary under this section shall come from
appropriations--
(1) provided in advance in appropriations
acts for the Veterans Health Administration; and
(2) provided for information technology
systems.
(e) Notice.--The Secretary shall--
(1) publish information about each pilot
program under this section in the Federal
Register; and
(2) take reasonable actions to provide
direct notice to veterans eligible to
participate in such pilot programs.
(f) Waiver of Authorities.--(1) Subject to reporting
under paragraph (2) and approval under paragraph (3), in
implementing a pilot program under this section, the
Secretary may waive such requirements in subchapters I, II,
and III of this chapter as the Secretary determines
necessary solely for the purposes of carrying out this
section with respect to testing models described in
subsection (a).
(2) Before waiving any authority under paragraph (1),
the Secretary shall submit to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the minority leader of the House of
Representatives, the majority leader of the Senate, the
minority leader of the Senate, and each standing committee
with jurisdiction under the rules of the Senate and of the
House of Representatives to report a bill to amend the
provision or provisions of law that would be waived by the
Department, a report on a request for waiver that describes
in detail the following:
(A) The specific authorities to be waived
under the pilot program.
(B) The standard or standards to be used in
the pilot program in lieu of the waived
authorities.
(C) The reasons for such waiver or waivers.
(D) A description of the metric or metrics
the Secretary will use to determine the effect
of the waiver or waivers upon the access to and
quality, timeliness, or patient satisfaction of
care and services furnished through the pilot
program.
(E) The anticipated cost savings, if any, of
the pilot program.
(F) The schedule for interim reports on the
pilot program describing the results of the
pilot program so far and the feasibility and
advisability of continuing the pilot program.
[[Page 432]]
(G) The schedule for the termination of the
pilot program and the submission of a final
report on the pilot program describing the
result of the pilot program and the feasibility
and advisability of making the pilot program
permanent.
(H) The estimated budget of the pilot
program.
(3)(A) Upon receipt of a report submitted under
paragraph (2), each House of Congress shall provide copies
of the report to the chairman and ranking member of each
standing committee with jurisdiction under the rules of the
House of Representatives or the Senate to report a bill to
amend the provision or provisions of law that would be
waived by the Department under this subsection.
(B) The waiver requested by the Secretary under
paragraph (2) shall be considered approved under this
paragraph if there is enacted into law a joint resolution
approving such request in its entirety.
(C) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``joint
resolution'' means only a joint resolution which is
introduced within the period of five legislative days
beginning on the date on which the Secretary transmits the
report to the Congress under such paragraph (2), and--
(i) which does not have a preamble; and
(ii) the matter after the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``that
Congress approves the request for a waiver
under section 1703E(f) of title 38, United
States Code, as submitted by the Secretary
on_____'', the blank space being filled with
the appropriate date.
(D)(i) Any committee of the House of Representatives to
which a joint resolution is referred shall report it to the
House without amendment not later than 15 legislative days
after the date of introduction thereof. If a committee fails
to report the joint resolution within that period, the
committee shall be discharged from further consideration of
the joint resolution.
(ii) It shall be in order at any time after the third
legislative day after each committee authorized to consider
a joint resolution has reported or has been discharged from
consideration of a joint resolution, to move to proceed to
consider the joint resolution in the House. All points of
order against the motion are waived. Such a motion shall not
be in order after the House has disposed of a motion to
proceed on a joint resolution addressing a particular
submission. The previous question shall be considered as
ordered on the motion to its adoption without intervening
motion. The motion shall not be debatable. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is disposed of shall
not be in order.
(iii) The joint resolution shall be considered as read.
All points of order against the joint resolution and against
its consideration are waived. The previous question shall be
considered as ordered on the joint resolution to its passage
without intervening motion except two hours of debate
equally divided and controlled by the proponent and an
opponent. A motion to reconsider the vote on passage of the
joint resolution shall not be in order.
(E)(i) A joint resolution introduced in the Senate shall
be referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs.
(ii) Any committee of the Senate to which a joint
resolution is referred shall report it to the Senate without
amendment not later than 15 session days after the date of
introduction of a joint resolution described
[[Page 433]]
in paragraph (C). If a committee fails to report the joint
resolution within that period, the committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the joint
resolution and the joint resolution shall be placed on the
calendar.
(iii)(I) Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the Standing Rules
of the Senate, it is in order at any time after the third
session day on which the Committee on Veterans' Affairs has
reported or has been discharged from consideration of a
joint resolution described in paragraph (C) (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the joint
resolution, and all points of order against the joint
resolution (and against consideration of the joint
resolution) are waived. The motion to proceed is not
debatable. The motion is not subject to a motion to
postpone. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order.
If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the
resolution is agreed to, the joint resolution shall remain
the unfinished business until disposed of.
(II) Consideration of the joint resolution, and on all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall
be limited to not more than two hours, which shall be
divided equally between the majority and minority leaders or
their designees. A motion further to limit debate is in
order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to
postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution
is not in order.
(III) If the Senate has voted to proceed to a joint
resolution, the vote on passage of the joint resolution
shall occur immediately following the conclusion of
consideration of the joint resolution, and a single quorum
call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in
accordance with the rules of the Senate.
(IV) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate, as the case may
be, to the procedure relating to a joint resolution shall be
decided without debate.
(F) A joint resolution considered pursuant to this
paragraph shall not be subject to amendment in either the
House of Representatives or the Senate.
(G)(i) If, before the passage by one House of the joint
resolution of that House, that House receives the joint
resolution from the other House, then the following
procedures shall apply:
(I) The joint resolution of the other House
shall not be referred to a committee.
(II) With respect to the joint resolution of
the House receiving the joint resolution--
(aa) the procedure in that House
shall be the same as if no joint
resolution had been received from
the other House; but
(bb) the vote on passage shall
be on the joint resolution of the
other House.
(ii) If the Senate fails to introduce or consider a
joint resolution under this paragraph, the joint resolution
of the House shall be entitled to expedited floor procedures
under this subparagraph.
(iii) If, following passage of the joint resolution in
the Senate, the Senate then receives the companion measure
from the House of Representatives, the companion measure
shall not be debatable.
[[Page 434]]
(H) This subparagraph is enacted by Congress--
(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of a joint
resolution, and it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that it is inconsistent with such
rules; and
(ii) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 115-182,
Title I, Sec. 152(a), June 6, 2018, 132 Stat.
1432.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 81--ACQUISITION AND OPERATION OF HOSPITAL AND
DOMICILIARY FACILITIES; PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY; ENHANCED-USE
LEASES OF REAL PROPERTY
384 38 U.S.C. 8122 note. VA asset and infrastructure review
* * * * * * *
``SEC. 204. ACTIONS REGARDING INFRASTRUCTURE AND
FACILITIES OF THE VETERANS HEALTH ADMINISTRATION.
``(a) In General.--Subject to subsection (b), the
Secretary shall begin to implement the recommended
modernizations and realignments in the report under section
203(d) not later than 3 years after the date on which the
President transmits such report to Congress. In any fiscal
year, such implementation includes--
``(1) the planning of modernizations and
realignments of facilities of the Veterans
Health Administration as recommended in such
report; and
``(2) providing detailed information on the
budget for such modernizations or realignments
in documents submitted to Congress by the
Secretary in support of the President's budget
for that fiscal year.
``(b) Congressional Disapproval.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary may not
carry out any modernization or realignment
recommended by the Commission in a report
transmitted from the President pursuant to
section 203(d) if a joint resolution is enacted,
in accordance with the provisions of section
207, disapproving such recommendations of the
Commission before the earlier of--
``(A) the end of the 45-day period
beginning on the date on which the President
transmits such report; or
``(B) the adjournment of Congress sine
die for the session during which such report
is transmitted.
``(2) Computation of period.--For purposes
of paragraph (1) and subsections (a) and (c) of
section 207, the days on which either House of
Congress is not in session because of an
adjournment of more than three days to a day
certain shall be excluded in the computation of
a period.
* * * * * * *
[[Page 435]]
``SEC. 207. CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION OF COMMISSION
REPORT.
``(a) Disapproval Resolution.--For purposes of this
subtitle, the term `joint resolution' means only a joint
resolution which is introduced within the 5-day period
beginning on the date on which the President transmits the
report to the Congress under section 203(d), and--
``(1) which does not have a preamble;
``(2) the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: `that Congress
disapproves the recommendations of the VHA Asset
and Infrastructure Review Commission as
submitted by the President on_____', the blank
space being filled with the appropriate date;
and
``(3) the title of which is as follows:
`Joint resolution disapproving the
recommendations of the VHA Asset and
Infrastructure Review Commission.'.
``(b) Consideration in the House of Representatives.--
``(1) Reporting and discharge.--Any
committee of the House of Representatives to
which a joint resolution is referred shall
report it to the House without amendment not
later than 15 legislative days after the date of
introduction thereof. If a committee fails to
report the joint resolution within that period,
the committee shall be discharged from further
consideration of the joint resolution.
``(2) Proceeding to consideration.--It shall
be in order at any time after the third
legislative day after each committee authorized
to consider a joint resolution has reported or
has been discharged from consideration of a
joint resolution, to move to proceed to consider
the joint resolution in the House.
All points of order against the motion are
waived. Such a motion shall not be in order
after the House has disposed of a motion to
proceed on a joint resolution addressing a
particular submission. The previous question
shall be considered as ordered on the motion to
its adoption without intervening motion. The
motion shall not be debatable. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is
disposed of shall not be in order.
``(3) Consideration.--The joint resolution
shall be considered as read. All points of order
against the joint resolution and against its
consideration are waived. The previous question
shall be considered as ordered on the joint
resolution to its passage without intervening
motion except 2 hours of debate equally divided
and controlled by the proponent and an opponent.
A motion to reconsider the vote on passage of
the joint resolution shall not be in order.
``(c) Consideration in the Senate.--
``(1) Referral.--A joint resolution
introduced in the Senate shall be referred to
the Committee on Veterans' Affairs.
``(2) Reporting and discharge.--Any
committee of the Senate to which a joint
resolution is referred shall report it to the
Senate without amendment not later than 15
session days after the date of introduction of a
joint resolution described in subsection (a). If
a committee fails to report the joint resolution
within that period, the committee shall be
discharged from further consideration of the
joint resolution and the joint resolution shall
be placed on the calendar.
``(3) Floor consideration.--
[[Page 436]]
``(A) In general.--Notwithstanding Rule
XXII of the Standing Rules of the Senate, it
is in order at any time after the third
session day on which the Committee on
Veterans' Affairs has reported or has been
discharged from consideration of a joint
resolution described in subsection (a) (even
though a previous motion to the same effect
has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to
the consideration of the joint resolution,
and all points of order against the joint
resolution (and against consideration of the
joint resolution) are waived. The motion to
proceed is not debatable. The motion is not
subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in
order. If a motion to proceed to the
consideration of the resolution is agreed
to, the joint resolution shall remain the
unfinished business until disposed of.
``(B) Consideration.--Consideration of
the joint resolution, and on all debatable
motions and appeals in connection therewith,
shall be limited to not more than 2 hours,
which shall be divided equally between the
majority and minority leaders or their
designees. A motion further to limit debate
is in order and not debatable. An amendment
to, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to
proceed to the consideration of other
business, or a motion to recommit the joint
resolution is not in order.
``(C) Vote on passage.--If the Senate
has voted to proceed to a joint resolution,
the vote on passage of the joint resolution
shall occur immediately following the
conclusion of consideration of the joint
resolution, and a single quorum call at the
conclusion of the debate if requested in
accordance with the rules of the Senate.
``(D) Rulings of the chair on
procedure.--Appeals from the decisions of
the Chair relating to the application of the
rules of the Senate, as the case may be, to
the procedure relating to a joint resolution
shall be decided without debate.
``(d) Amendment Not in Order.--A joint resolution of
disapproval considered pursuant to this section shall not be
subject to amendment in either the House of Representatives
or the Senate.
``(e) Coordination With Action by Other House.--
``(1) In general.--If, before the passage by
one House of the joint resolution of that House,
that House receives the joint resolution from
the other House, then the following procedures
shall apply:
``(A) The joint resolution of the other
House shall not be referred to a committee.
``(B) With respect to the joint
resolution of the House receiving the joint
resolution--
``(i) the procedure in that
House shall be the same as if no
joint resolution had been received
from the other House; but
``(ii) the vote on passage shall
be on the joint resolution of the
other House.
``(2) Treatment of joint resolution of other
house.--If the Senate fails to introduce or
consider a joint resolution under this section,
the joint resolution of the House shall be
entitled to expedited floor procedures under
this section.
[[Page 437]]
``(3) Treatment of companion measures.--If,
following passage of the joint resolution in the
Senate, the Senate then receives the companion
measure from the House of Representatives, the
companion measure shall not be debatable.
``(f) Rules of the House of Representatives and
Senate.--This section is enacted by Congress--
``(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of a joint
resolution, and it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that it is inconsistent with such
rules; and
``(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House. (Pub. L. 115-182,
Title II, Subtitle A, June 6, 2018, 132 Stat.
1443.)
42 u.s.c.--the public health and welfare
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 438]]
TITLE 42--THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
Chapter 23--DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROL OF ATOMIC ENERGY
385 Sec. 2153. Cooperation with other nations
No cooperation with any nation, group of nations or
regional defense organization pursuant to sections 2073,
2074(a), 2077, 2094, 2112, 2121, 2133, 2134, or 2164 of this
title shall be undertaken until--
(a) Terms, conditions, duration, nature,
scope, and other requirements of proposed
agreements for cooperation; Presidential
exemptions; negotiations; Nuclear Proliferation
Assessment Statement
the proposed agreement for cooperation has been
submitted to the President, which proposed agreement
shall include the terms, conditions, duration,
nature, and scope of the cooperation; and shall
include the following requirements * * *
* * * * * * *
(b) Presidential approval and authorization
for execution of proposed agreements for
cooperation
the President has submitted text of the proposed
agreement for cooperation (except an agreement
arranged pursuant to section 2121(c), 2164(b),
2164(c), or 2164(d) of this title), together with
the accompanying unclassified Nuclear Proliferation
Assessment Statement, to the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives, the
President has consulted with such Committees for a
period of not less than thirty days of continuous
session (as defined in section 2159(g) of this
title) concerning the consistency of the terms of
the proposed agreement with all the requirements of
this chapter, and the President has approved and
authorized the execution of the proposed agreement
for cooperation and has made a determination in
writing that the performance of the proposed
agreement will promote, and will not constitute an
unreasonable risk to, the common defense and
security;
(c) Submittal of proposed agreements for
cooperation to Congressional committees
the proposed agreement for cooperation (if not an
agreement subject to subsection (d)), together with
the approval and determination of the President, has
been submitted to the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate for a period of
thirty days of continuous session (as defined in
section 2159(g) of this title): Provided, however,
That these committees, after having received such
agreement for cooperation, may by resolution in
writing waive the conditions of all or any portion
of such thirty-day period; and
[[Page 439]]
(d) Congressional action
the proposed agreement for cooperation (if arranged
pursuant to section 2121(c), 2164(b), 2164(c), or
2164(d) of this title, or if entailing
implementation of section 2073, 2074(a), 2133, or
2134 of this title in relation to a reactor that may
be capable of producing more than five thermal
megawatts or special nuclear material for use in
connection therewith) has been submitted to the
Congress, together with the approval and
determination of the President, for a period of
sixty days of continuous session (as defined in
section 2159(g) of this title) and referred to the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate, and in addition, in the
case of a proposed agreement for cooperation
arranged pursuant to section 2121(c), 2164(b),
2164(c), or 2164(d) of this title, the Committee on
Armed Services of the House of Representatives and
the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, but
such proposed agreement for cooperation shall not
become effective if during such sixty-day period the
Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a joint
resolution stating in substance that the Congress
does not favor the proposed agreement for
cooperation: Provided, That the sixty-day period
shall not begin until a Nuclear Proliferation
Assessment Statement prepared by the Secretary of
State, and any annexes thereto, when required by
subsection (a), have been submitted to the Congress:
Provided further, That an agreement for cooperation
exempted by the President pursuant to subsection (a)
from any requirement contained in that subsection,
or an agreement exempted pursuant to section
8003(a)(1) of title 22, shall not become effective
unless the Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a
joint resolution stating that the Congress does
favor such agreement. During the sixty-day period
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate shall each hold hearings on
the proposed agreement for cooperation and submit a
report to their respective bodies recommending
whether it should be approved or disapproved. Any
such proposed agreement for cooperation shall be
considered pursuant to the procedures set forth in
section 2159(i) of this title.
Following submission of a proposed agreement for
cooperation (except an agreement for cooperation arranged
pursuant to section 2121(c), 2164(b), 2164(c), or 2164(d) of
this title) to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House
of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of
the Senate, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the
Department of State, the Department of Energy, and the
Department of Defense shall, upon the request of either of
those committees, promptly furnish to those committees their
views as to whether the safeguards and other controls
contained therein provide an adequate framework to ensure
that any exports as contemplated by such agreement will not
be inimical to or constitute an unreasonable risk to the
common defense and security.If, after March 10, 1978, the
Congress fails to disapprove a proposed agreement for
cooperation which exempts the recipient nation from the
requirement set forth in subsection (a)(2), such failure to
act shall constitute a failure to adopt a resolution of
disapproval pursuant to section 2157(b)(3) of this title for
purposes of the Commission's consideration of applications
and requests under sec
[[Page 440]]
tion 2155(a)(2) of this title and there shall be no
congressional review pursuant to section 2157 of this title
of any subsequent license or authorization with respect to
that state until the first such license or authorization
which is issued after twelve months from the elapse of the
sixty-day period in which the agreement for cooperation in
question is reviewed by the Congress. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch.
724, Title I, Sec. 123, as added Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073,
Sec. 1, 68 Stat. 940; amended Pub. L. 85-479, Sec. Sec. 3,
4, July 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 85-681, Sec. 4, Aug.
19, 1958, 72 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 88-489, Sec. 15, Aug. 26,
1964, 78 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 93-377, Sec. 5, Aug. 17, 1974,
88 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 93-485, Sec. 1, Oct. 26, 1974, 88
Stat. 1460; Pub. L. 95-242, Title IV, Sec. 401, Mar. 10,
1978, 92 Stat. 142; Pub. L. 99-64, Title III, Sec. 301(a),
(b), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 159, 160; renumbered Title I,
Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992,
106 Stat. 2944; Pub. L. 103-337, div. C, Title XXXI,
Sec. 3155(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3092; Pub. L. 103-
437, Sec. 15(f)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592; Pub. L.
104-106, div. A, Title XV, Sec. 1505(g), Feb. 10, 1996, 110
Stat. 515; Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, Title XII,
Sec. 1225(d)(4), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-774; Pub. L.
109-401, Title I, Sec. 104(e), Dec. 18, 2006, 120 Stat.
2734; Pub. L. 110-369, Title II, Sec. 202, Oct. 8, 2008, 122
Stat. 4033.)
* * * * * * *
386 Sec. 2153c. Renegotiation of agreements for cooperation
* * * * * * *
(b) Presidential review of export agreement conditions and
policy goals
The President shall annually review each of requirements
(1) through (9) set forth for inclusion in agreements for
cooperation under section 123 a. of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C.
2153(a)] and the export policy goals set forth in section
2153b of this title to determine whether it is in the
interest of United States non-proliferation objectives for
any such requirements or export policies which are not
already being applied as export criteria to be enacted as
additional export criteria.
(c) Presidential proposals for additional export criteria
If the President proposes enactment of any such
requirements or export policies as additional export
criteria or to take any other action with respect to such
requirements or export policy goals for the purpose of
encouraging adherence by nations and groups of nations to
such requirements and policies, he shall submit such a
proposal together with an explanation thereof to the
Congress.
(d) Congressional action
If the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, after reviewing the President's annual
report or any proposed legislation, determines that it is in
the interest of United States non-proliferation objectives
to take any action with respect to such requirements or
export policy goals, it shall report a joint resolution to
implement such determination. Any joint resolution so
reported shall be considered in the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, under applicable procedures
provided for the consideration of resolutions pursuant to
subsection 130 b. through g. of the 1954 Act [42 U.S.C.
2159(b) through (g)]. (Pub.
[[Page 441]]
L. 95-242, Title IV, Sec. 404, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 147;
Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 15(g), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4593.)
* * * * * * *
387 Sec. 2155. Export licensing procedures
(a) Executive branch judgment on export applications;
criteria governing United States nuclear exports
No license may be issued by the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (the ``Commission'') for the export of any
production or utilization facility, or any source material
or special nuclear material, including distributions of any
material by the Department of Energy under section 2074,
2094, or 2112 of this title, for which a license is required
or requested, and no exemption from any requirement for such
an export license may be granted by the Commission, as the
case may be, until--
* * * * * * *
Provided, That continued cooperation under an agreement for
cooperation as authorized in accordance with section 2154 of
this title shall not be prevented by failure to meet the
provisions of paragraph (4) or (5) of section 2156 of this
title for a period of thirty days after March 10, 1978, and
for a period of twenty-three months thereafter if the
Secretary of State notifies the Commission that the nation
or group of nations bound by the relevant agreement has
agreed to negotiations as called for in section 2153c(a) of
this title; however, nothing in this subsection shall be
deemed to relinquish any rights which the United States may
have under agreements for cooperation in force on March 10,
1978: Provided further, That if, upon the expiration of such
twenty-four month period, the President determines that
failure to continue cooperation with any group of nations
which has been exempted pursuant to the above proviso from
the provisions of paragraph (4) or (5) of section 2156 of
this title, but which has not yet agreed to comply with
those provisions would be seriously prejudicial to the
achievement of United States non-proliferation objectives or
otherwise jeopardize the common defense and security, he
may, after notifying the Congress of his determination,
extend by Executive order the duration of the above proviso
for a period of twelve months, and may further extend the
duration of such proviso by one year increments annually
thereafter if he again makes such determination and so
notifies the Congress. In the event that the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives or the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate reports a joint
resolution to take any action with respect to any such
extension, such joint resolution will be considered in the
House or Senate, as the case may be, under procedures
identical to those provided for the consideration of
resolutions pursuant to section 2159 of this title * * *
* * * * * * *
(b) Requests to be given timely consideration; Presidential
review if Commission is unable to make required
statutory determinations; Commission review
(1) Timely consideration shall be given by the
Commission to requests for export licenses and exemptions
and such requests shall be granted
[[Page 442]]
upon a determination that all applicable statutory
requirements have been met.
(2) If, after receiving the executive branch judgment
that the issuance of a proposed export license will not be
inimical to the common defense and security, the Commission
does not issue the proposed license on a timely basis
because it is unable to make the statutory determinations
required under this chapter, the Commission shall publicly
issue its decision to that effect, and shall submit the
license application to the President. The Commission's
decision shall include an explanation of the basis for the
decision and any dissenting or separate views. If, after
receiving the proposed license application and reviewing the
Commission's decision, the President determines that
withholding the proposed export would be seriously
prejudicial to the achievement of United States non-
proliferation objectives, or would otherwise jeopardize the
common defense and security, the proposed export may be
authorized by Executive order: Provided, That prior to any
such export, the President shall submit the Executive order,
together with his explanation of why, in light of the
Commission's decision, the export should nonetheless be
made, to the Congress for a period of sixty days of
continuous session (as defined in section 2159(g) of this
title) and shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate, but any such proposed
export shall not occur if during such sixty-day period the
Congress adopts a concurrent resolution stating in substance
that it does not favor the proposed export. Any such
Executive order shall be considered pursuant to the
procedures set forth in section 2159 of this title for the
consideration of Presidential submissions * * *
* * * * * * *
(c) Additional export criteria
In the event that the House of Representatives or the
Senate passes a joint resolution which would adopt one or
more additional export criteria, or would modify any
existing export criteria under this chapter, any such joint
resolution shall be referred in the other House to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate or the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, and shall be considered
by the other House under applicable procedures provided for
the consideration of resolutions pursuant to section 2159 of
this title. (Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, Sec. 126, as
added Pub. L. 95-242, Title III, Sec. 304(a), Mar. 10, 1978,
92 Stat. 131; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX,
Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; amended Pub.
L. 103-437, Sec. 15(f)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592;
Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, Title XII, Sec. 1225(d)(5), Oct.
21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-774.)
* * * * * * *
388 Sec. 2157. Additional export criterion and procedures
* * * * * * *
Provided, That no such export of any production or
utilization facility or of any source or special nuclear
material (intended for use as fuel in any production or
utilization facility) which has been licensed or authorized
pursuant to this subsection shall be made to any non-
nuclear-weapon state which has failed to meet such criterion
until the first
[[Page 443]]
such license or authorization with respect to such state is
submitted to the Congress (together with a detailed
assessment of the reasons underlying the President's
determination, the judgment of the executive branch required
under section 2155 of this title, and any Commission opinion
and views) for a period of sixty days of continuous session
(as defined in section 2159(g) of this title) and referred
to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of
the Senate, but such export shall not occur if during such
sixty-day period the Congress adopts a concurrent resolution
stating in substance that the Congress does not favor the
proposed export. Any such license or authorization shall be
considered pursuant to the procedures set forth in section
2159 of this title for the consideration of Presidential
submissions.
(2) If the Congress adopts a resolution of disapproval
pursuant to paragraph (1), no further export of materials,
facilities, or technology specified in subsection (a) shall
be permitted for the remainder of that Congress, unless such
state meets the criterion or the President notifies the
Congress that he has determined that significant progress
has been made in achieving adherence to such criterion by
such state or that United States foreign policy interests
dictate reconsideration and the Congress, pursuant to the
procedure of paragraph (1), does not adopt a concurrent
resolution stating in substance that it disagrees with the
President's determination.
(3) If the Congress does not adopt a resolution of
disapproval with respect to a license or authorization
submitted pursuant to paragraph (1), the criterion set forth
in subsection (a) shall not be applied as an export
criterion with respect to exports of materials, facilities
and technology specified in subsection (a) to that state:
Provided, That the first license or authorization with
respect to that state which is issued pursuant to this
paragraph after twelve months from the elapse of the sixty-
day period specified in paragraph (1), and the first such
license or authorization which is issued after each twelve-
month period thereafter, shall be submitted to the Congress
for review pursuant to the procedures specified in paragraph
(1): Provided further, That if the Congress adopts a
resolution of disapproval during any review period provided
for by this paragraph, the provisions of paragraph (2) shall
apply with respect to further exports to such state. (Aug.
1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, Sec. 128, as added Pub. L. 95-
242, Title III, Sec. 306, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 137;
renumbered Title I, Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX,
Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; amended Pub.
L. 103-437, Sec. 15(f)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592.)
389 Sec. 2158. Conduct resulting in termination of nuclear
exports
(a) No nuclear materials and equipment or sensitive
nuclear technology shall be exported to--
(1) any non-nuclear-weapon state that is
found by the President to have, at any time
after March 10, 1978 * * *
* * * * * * *
unless the President determines that cessation of such
exports would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement of
United States non-proliferation objectives or otherwise
jeopardize the common defense and security: Provided, That
prior to the effective date of any such determination, the
President's determination, together with a report con
[[Page 444]]
taining the reasons for his determination, shall be
submitted to the Congress and referred to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate for a period of
sixty days of continuous session (as defined in section
2159(g) of this title), but any such determination shall not
become effective if during such sixty-day period the
Congress adopts, and there is enacted, a joint resolution
stating in substance that it does not favor the
determination. Any such determination shall be considered
pursuant to the procedures set forth in section 2159 of this
title for the consideration of Presidential submissions.
(Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, Sec. 129, as added Pub. L.
95-242, Title III, Sec. 307, Mar. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 138;
renumbered Title I, Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX,
Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; amended Pub.
L. 103-437, Sec. 15(f)(5), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592;
Pub. L. 109-58, Title VI, Sec. 632(a), Aug. 8, 2005, 119
Stat. 788; Pub. L. 110-369, Title II, Sec. 203, Oct. 8,
2008, 122 Stat. 4033.)
* * * * * * *
390 Sec. 2159. Congressional review procedures
(a) Committee consideration of Presidential submissions;
reports
Not later than forty-five days of continuous session of
Congress after the date of transmittal to the Congress of
any submission of the President required by section
2155(a)(2), 2155(b)(2), 2157(b), 2158, 2160(a)(3), or
2160(f)(1)(A) of this title, the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs
of the House of Representatives shall each submit a report
to its respective House on its views and recommendations
respecting such Presidential submission together with a
resolution, as defined in subsection (f), stating in
substance that the Congress approves or disapproves such
submission, as the case may be: Provided, That if any such
committee has not reported such a resolution at the end of
such forty-five day period, such committee shall be deemed
to be discharged from further consideration of such
submission. If no such resolution has been reported at the
end of such period, the first resolution, as defined in
subsection (f), which is introduced within five days
thereafter within such House shall be placed on the
appropriate calendar of such House.
(b) Consideration of resolution by respective Houses of
Congress
When the relevant committee or committees have reported
such a resolution (or have been discharged from further
consideration of such a resolution pursuant to subsection
(a)) or when a resolution has been introduced and placed on
the appropriate calendar pursuant to subsection (a), as the
case may be, it is at any time thereafter in order (even
though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) for any Member of the respective House to move
to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion is highly privileged and is not debatable. The motion
shall not be subject to amendment, or to a motion to
postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order.
If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the
resolution is agreed to, the resolution shall remain the
unfinished business of the respective House until disposed
of.
[[Page 445]]
(c) Debate
Debate on the resolution, and on all debatable motions
and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not
more than ten hours, which shall be divided equally between
individuals favoring and individuals opposing the
resolution. A motion further to limit debate is in order and
not debatable. An amendment to a motion to postpone, or a
motion to recommit the resolution, or a motion to proceed to
the consideration of other business is not in order. A
motion to reconsider the vote by which the resolution is
agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. No
amendment to any concurrent resolution pursuant to the
procedures of this section is in order except as provided in
subsection (d).
(d) Vote on final approval
Immediately following (1) the conclusion of the debate
on such concurrent resolution, (2) a single quorum call at
the conclusion of debate if requested in accordance with the
rules of the appropriate House, and (3) the consideration of
an amendment introduced by the Majority Leader or his
designee to insert the phrase, ``does not'' in lieu of the
word ``does'' if the resolution under consideration is a
concurrent resolution of approval, the vote on final
approval of the resolution shall occur.
(e) Appeals from decisions of Chair
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the
application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure
relating to such a resolution shall be decided without
debate.
(f) Resolution
For the purposes of subsections (a) through (e) of this
section, the term ``resolution'' means a concurrent
resolution of the Congress, the matter after the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the Congress (does or
does not) favor the transmitted to the Congress by the
President on , .'', the blank spaces therein to be
appropriately filled, and the affirmative or negative phrase
within the parenthetical to be appropriately selected.
(g) Continuity of Congressional sessions; computation of
time
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), for the
purposes of this section--
(A) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
(B) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of any period of time in which
Congress is in continuous session.
(2) For purposes of this section insofar as it applies
to section 2153 of this title--
(A) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die at the end
of a Congress; and
(B) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days are excluded in the computation of
any period of time in which Congress is in
continuous session.
[[Page 446]]
(h) Supersedure or change in rules
This section is enacted by Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such they are deemed a part
of the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of
resolutions described by subsection (f) of this
section; and they supersede other rules only to
the extent that they are inconsistent therewith;
and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House.
(i) Joint resolutions
(1) For the purposes of this subsection, the term
``joint resolution'' means--
(A) for an agreement for cooperation
pursuant to section 2153 of this title, a joint
resolution, the matter after the resolving
clause of which is as follows: ``That the
Congress (does or does not) favor the proposed
agreement for cooperation transmitted to the
Congress by the President on_____ .'',
(B) for a determination under section 2158
of this title, a joint resolution, the matter
after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress does not favor the
determination transmitted to the Congress by the
President on_____ .'', or
(C) for a subsequent arrangement under
section 201 of the United States--India Nuclear
Cooperation Approval and Nonproliferation
Enhancement Act, a joint resolution, the matter
after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress does not favor the
subsequent arrangement to the Agreement for
Cooperation Between the Government of the United
States of America and the Government of India
Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy that
was transmitted to Congress by the President on
September 10, 2008.'',
with the date of the transmission of the proposed agreement
for cooperation inserted in the blank, and the affirmative
or negative phrase within the parenthetical appropriately
selected.
(2) On the day on which a proposed agreement for
cooperation is submitted to the House of Representatives and
the Senate under section 2153(d) of this title, a joint
resolution with respect to such agreement for cooperation
shall be introduced (by request) in the House by the
chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, for himself
and the ranking minority member of the Committee, or by
Members of the House designated by the chairman and ranking
minority member; and shall be introduced (by request) in the
Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself and
the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members of the
Senate designated by the majority leader and minority leader
of the Senate. If either House is not in session on the day
on which such an agreement for cooperation is submitted, the
joint resolution shall be introduced in that House, as
provided in the preceding sentence, on the first day
thereafter on which that House is in session.
[[Page 447]]
(3) All joint resolutions introduced in the House of
Representatives shall be referred to the appropriate
committee or committees, and all joint resolutions
introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the Committee
on Foreign Relations and in addition, in the case of a
proposed agreement for cooperation arranged pursuant to
section 2121(c), 2164(b), or 2164(c) of this title, the
Committee on Armed Services.
(4) If the committee of either House to which a joint
resolution has been referred has not reported it at the end
of 45 days after its introduction (or in the case of a joint
resolution related to a subsequent arrangement under section
201 of the United States--India Nuclear Cooperation Approval
and Nonproliferation Enhancement Act, 15 days after its
introduction), the committee shall be discharged from
further consideration of the joint resolution or of any
other joint resolution introduced with respect to the same
matter; except that, in the case of a joint resolution which
has been referred to more than one committee, if before the
end of that 45-day period (or in the case of a joint
resolution related to a subsequent arrangement under section
201 of the United States--India Nuclear Cooperation Approval
and Nonproliferation Enhancement Act, 15-day period) one
such committee has reported the joint resolution, any other
committee to which the joint resolution was referred shall
be discharged from further consideration of the joint
resolution or of any other joint resolution introduced with
respect to the same matter.
(5) A joint resolution under this subsection shall be
considered in the Senate in accordance with the provisions
of section 601(b)(4) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976. For the
purpose of expediting the consideration and passage of joint
resolutions reported or discharged pursuant to the
provisions of this subsection, it shall be in order for the
Committee on Rules of the House of Representatives to
present for consideration a resolution of the House of
Representatives providing procedures for the immediate
consideration of a joint resolution under this subsection
which may be similar, if applicable, to the procedures set
forth in section 601(b)(4) of the International Security
Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976.\24\
\24\ Id.
(6) In the case of a joint resolution described in
paragraph (1), if prior to the passage by one House of a
joint resolution of that House, that House receives a joint
resolution with respect to the same matter from the other
House, then--
(A) the procedure in that House shall be the
same as if no joint resolution had been received
from the other House; but
(B) the vote on final passage shall be on
the joint resolution of the other House. (Aug.
1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, Sec. 130, as added
Pub. L. 95-242, Title III, Sec. 308, Mar. 10,
1978, 92 Stat. 139; amended Pub. L. 99-64, Title
III, Sec. 301(c), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 160;
renumbered Title I, Pub. L. 102-486, Title IX,
Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944;
Pub. L. 103-437, Sec. 15(f)(5), Nov. 2, 1994,
108 Stat. 4592; Pub. L. 110-369, Title II,
Sec. 205, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4033.)
[[Page 448]]
391 Sec. 2160. Subsequent arrangements
* * * * * * *
(f) Subsequent arrangements involving direct or indirect
commitment of United States for storage or other
disposition of foreign spent nuclear fuel in United
States
(1) With regard to any subsequent arrangement under
subsection (a)(2)(E) (for the storage or disposition of
irradiated fuel elements), where such arrangement involves a
direct or indirect commitment of the United States for the
storage or other disposition, interim or permanent, of any
foreign spent nuclear fuel in the United States, the
Secretary of Energy may not enter into any such subsequent
arrangement, unless:
(A)(i) Such commitment of the United States
has been submitted to the Congress for a period
of sixty days of continuous session (as defined
in section 2159(g) of this title) and has been
referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of
the House of Representatives and the Committee
on Foreign Relations of the Senate, but any such
commitment shall not become effective if during
such sixty-day period the Congress adopts a
concurrent resolution stating in substance that
it does not favor the commitment, any such
commitment to be considered pursuant to the
procedures set forth in section 2159 of this
title for the consideration of Presidential
submissions; or (ii) if the President has
submitted a detailed generic plan for such
disposition or storage in the United States to
the Congress for a period of sixty days of
continuous session (as defined in section
2159(g) of this title), which plan has been
referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs of
the House of Representatives and the Committee
on Foreign Relations of the Senate and has not
been disapproved during such sixty-day period by
the adoption of a concurrent resolution stating
in substance that Congress does not favor the
plan; and the commitment is subject to the terms
of an effective plan. Any such plan shall be
considered pursuant to the procedures set forth
in section 2159 of this title for the
consideration of Presidential submissions; (Aug.
1, 1946, ch. 724, Title I, Sec. 131, as added
Pub. L. 95-242, Title III, Sec. 303(a), Mar. 10,
1978, 92 Stat. 127; renumbered Title I, Pub. L.
102-486, Title IX, Sec. 902(a)(8), Oct. 24,
1992, 106 Stat. 2944; amended Pub. L. 103-437,
Sec. 15(f)(6), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4592;
Pub. L. 105-277, div. G, Title XII,
Sec. 1225(d)(6), (7), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat.
2681-774.)
* * * * * * *
392 Sec. 2160e. Congressional review and oversight of agreements
with Iran
(a) Transmission to Congress of nuclear agreements with Iran
and verification assessment with respect to such
agreements
(1) Transmission of agreements
Not later than 5 calendar days after
reaching an agreement with Iran relating to the
nuclear program of Iran, the President shall
transmit to the appropriate congressional
committees and leadership--
[[Page 449]]
(A) the agreement, as defined in
subsection (h)(1), including all related
materials and annexes * * *
* * * * * * *
(b) Period for review by Congress of nuclear agreements with
Iran
(1) In general
During the 30-calendar day period following
transmittal by the President of an agreement
pursuant to subsection (a), the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate and the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives shall, as appropriate, hold
hearings and briefings and otherwise obtain
information in order to fully review such
agreement.
(2) Exception
The period for congressional review under
paragraph (1) shall be 60 calendar days if an
agreement, including all materials required to
be transmitted to Congress pursuant to
subsection (a)(1), is transmitted pursuant to
subsection (a) between July 10, 2015, and
September 7, 2015.
(3) Limitation on actions during initial congressional
review period
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
except as provided in paragraph (6), prior to
and during the period for transmission of an
agreement in subsection (a)(1) and during the
period for congressional review provided in
paragraph (1), including any additional period
as applicable under the exception provided in
paragraph (2), the President may not waive,
suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or
otherwise limit the application of statutory
sanctions with respect to Iran under any
provision of law or refrain from applying any
such sanctions pursuant to an agreement
described in subsection (a).
(4) Limitation on actions during presidential
consideration of a joint resolution of disapproval
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
except as provided in paragraph (6), if a joint
resolution of disapproval described in
subsection (c)(2)(B) passes both Houses of
Congress, the President may not waive, suspend,
reduce, provide relief from, or otherwise limit
the application of statutory sanctions with
respect to Iran under any provision of law or
refrain from applying any such sanctions
pursuant to an agreement described in subsection
(a) for a period of 12 calendar days following
the date of such passage.
(5) Limitation on actions during congressional
reconsideration of a joint resolution of disapproval
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
except as provided in paragraph (6), if a joint
resolution of disapproval described in
subsection (c)(2)(B) passes both Houses of
Congress, and the President vetoes such joint
resolution, the President may not waive,
suspend, reduce, provide relief from, or
otherwise limit the application of statutory
sanctions with respect to Iran under any
provision of law or refrain from applying any
such sanctions pursuant to an agreement
described in subsection (a) for a period of 10
calendar days following the date of the
President's veto.
[[Page 450]]
(6) Exception
The prohibitions under paragraphs (3)
through (5) do not apply to any new deferral,
waiver, or other suspension of statutory
sanctions pursuant to the Joint Plan of Action
if that deferral, waiver, or other suspension is
made--
(A) consistent with the law in effect on
May 22, 2015; and
(B) not later than 45 calendar days
before the transmission by the President of
an agreement, assessment report, and
certification under subsection (a).
(7) Definition
In the House of Representatives, for
purposes of this subsection, the terms
``transmittal,'' ``transmitted,'' and
``transmission'' mean transmittal, transmitted,
and transmission, respectively, to the Speaker
of the House of Representatives.
(c) Effect of congressional action with respect to nuclear
agreements with Iran
(1) Sense of Congress
It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) the sanctions regime imposed on Iran
by Congress is primarily responsible for
bringing Iran to the table to negotiate on
its nuclear program;
(B) these negotiations are a critically
important matter of national security and
foreign policy for the United States and its
closest allies;
(C) this section does not require a vote
by Congress for the agreement to commence;
(D) this section provides for
congressional review, including, as
appropriate, for approval, disapproval, or
no action on statutory sanctions relief
under an agreement; and
(E) even though the agreement may
commence, because the sanctions regime was
imposed by Congress and only Congress can
permanently modify or eliminate that regime,
it is critically important that Congress
have the opportunity, in an orderly and
deliberative manner, to consider and, as
appropriate, take action affecting the
statutory sanctions regime imposed by
Congress.
(2) In general
Notwithstanding any other provision of law,
action involving any measure of statutory
sanctions relief by the United States pursuant
to an agreement subject to subsection (a) or the
Joint Plan of Action--
(A) may be taken, consistent with
existing statutory requirements for such
action, if, during the period for review
provided in subsection (b), there is enacted
a joint resolution stating in substance that
the Congress does favor the agreement;
(B) may not be taken if, during the
period for review provided in subsection
(b), there is enacted a joint resolution
stating in substance that the Congress does
not favor the agreement; or
(C) may be taken, consistent with
existing statutory requirements for such
action, if, following the period for review
provided in subsection (b), there is not
enacted any such joint resolution.
[[Page 451]]
(3) Definition
For the purposes of this subsection, the
phrase ``action involving any measure of
statutory sanctions relief by the United
States'' shall include waiver, suspension,
reduction, or other effort to provide relief
from, or otherwise limit the application of
statutory sanctions with respect to, Iran under
any provision of law or any other effort to
refrain from applying any such sanctions.
(d) Congressional oversight of Iranian compliance with
nuclear agreements
(1) In general
The President shall keep the appropriate
congressional committees and leadership fully
and currently informed of all aspects of Iranian
compliance with respect to an agreement subject
to subsection (a).
(2) Potentially significant breaches and compliance
incidents
The President shall, within 10 calendar days
of receiving credible and accurate information
relating to a potentially significant breach or
compliance incident by Iran with respect to an
agreement subject to subsection (a), submit such
information to the appropriate congressional
committees and leadership.
(3) Material breach report
Not later than 30 calendar days after
submitting information about a potentially
significant breach or compliance incident
pursuant to paragraph (2), the President shall
make a determination whether such potentially
significant breach or compliance issue
constitutes a material breach and, if there is
such a material breach, whether Iran has cured
such material breach, and shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees and
leadership such determination, accompanied by,
as appropriate, a report on the action or
failure to act by Iran that led to the material
breach, actions necessary for Iran to cure the
breach, and the status of Iran's efforts to cure
the breach * * *
* * * * * * *
(6) Compliance certification
After the review period provided in
subsection (b), the President shall, not less
than every 90 calendar days--
(A) determine whether the President is
able to certify that--
(i) Iran is transparently,
verifiably, and fully implementing
the agreement, including all related
technical or additional agreements;
(ii) Iran has not committed a
material breach with respect to the
agreement or, if Iran has committed
a material breach, Iran has cured
the material breach;
(iii) Iran has not taken any
action, including covert activities,
that could significantly advance its
nuclear weapons program; and
(iv) suspension of sanctions
related to Iran pursuant to the
agreement is--
(I) appropriate and
proportionate to the specific and
verifiable measures taken by Iran
with respect to terminating its
illicit nuclear program; and
(II) vital to the national
security interests of the United
States; and
[[Page 452]]
(B) if the President determines he is
able to make the certification described in
subparagraph (A), make such certification to
the appropriate congressional committees and
leadership.
* * * * * * *
(e) Expedited consideration of legislation
(1) Initiation
(A) In general
In the event the President does not
submit a certification pursuant to
subsection (d)(6) during each 90-day period
following the review period provided in
subsection (b), or submits a determination
pursuant to subsection (d)(3) that Iran has
materially breached an agreement subject to
subsection (a) and the material breach has
not been cured, qualifying legislation
introduced within 60 calendar days of such
event shall be entitled to expedited
consideration pursuant to this subsection.
(B) Definition
In the House of Representatives, for
purposes of this paragraph, the terms
``submit'' and ``submits'' mean submit and
submits, respectively, to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives.
(2) Qualifying legislation defined
For purposes of this subsection, the term
``qualifying legislation'' means only a bill of
either House of Congress--
(A) the title of which is as follows:
``A bill reinstating statutory sanctions
imposed with respect to Iran.''; and
(B) the matter after the enacting clause
of which is: ``Any statutory sanctions
imposed with respect to Iran pursuant
to_____ that were waived, suspended,
reduced, or otherwise relieved pursuant to
an agreement submitted pursuant to section
135(a) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 are
hereby reinstated and any action by the
United States Government to facilitate the
release of funds or assets to Iran pursuant
to such agreement, or provide any further
waiver, suspension, reduction, or other
relief pursuant to such agreement is hereby
prohibited.'', with the blank space being
filled in with the law or laws under which
sanctions are to be reinstated.
(3) Introduction
During the 60-calendar day period provided
for in paragraph (1), qualifying legislation may
be introduced--
(A) in the House of Representatives, by
the majority leader or the minority leader;
and
(B) in the Senate, by the majority
leader (or the majority leader's designee)
or the minority leader (or the minority
leader's designee).
(4) Floor consideration in House of Representatives
(A) Reporting and discharge
If a committee of the House to which
qualifying legislation has been referred has
not reported such qualifying legislation
within 10 legislative days after the date of
referral, that committee shall be discharged
from further consideration thereof.
[[Page 453]]
(B) Proceeding to consideration
Beginning on the third legislative day
after each committee to which qualifying
legislation has been referred reports it to
the House or has been discharged from
further consideration thereof, it shall be
in order to move to proceed to consider the
qualifying legislation in the House. All
points of order against the motion are
waived. Such a motion shall not be in order
after the House has disposed of a motion to
proceed on the qualifying legislation with
regard to the same agreement. The previous
question shall be considered as ordered on
the motion to its adoption without
intervening motion. The motion shall not be
debatable. A motion to reconsider the vote
by which the motion is disposed of shall not
be in order.
(C) Consideration
The qualifying legislation shall be
considered as read. All points of order
against the qualifying legislation and
against its consideration are waived. The
previous question shall be considered as
ordered on the qualifying legislation to
final passage without intervening motion
except two hours of debate equally divided
and controlled by the sponsor of the
qualifying legislation (or a designee) and
an opponent. A motion to reconsider the vote
on passage of the qualifying legislation
shall not be in order.
(5) Consideration in the Senate
(A) Committee referral
Qualifying legislation introduced in the
Senate shall be referred to the Committee on
Foreign Relations.
(B) Reporting and discharge
If the Committee on Foreign Relations
has not reported such qualifying legislation
within 10 session days after the date of
referral of such legislation, that committee
shall be discharged from further
consideration of such legislation and the
qualifying legislation shall be placed on
the appropriate calendar.
(C) Proceeding to consideration
Notwithstanding Rule XXII of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, it is in order
at any time after the committee authorized
to consider qualifying legislation reports
it to the Senate or has been discharged from
its consideration (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed
to) to move to proceed to the consideration
of qualifying legislation, and all points of
order against qualifying legislation (and
against consideration of the qualifying
legislation) are waived. The motion to
proceed is not debatable. The motion is not
subject to a motion to postpone. A motion to
reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in
order. If a motion to proceed to the
consideration of the qualifying legislation
is agreed to, the qualifying legislation
shall remain the unfinished business until
disposed of.
(D) Debate
Debate on qualifying legislation, and on
all debatable motions and appeals in
connection therewith, shall be limited to
not more than 10 hours, which shall be
divided equally between the majority and
minority leaders or their designees. A
motion
[[Page 454]]
to further limit debate is in order and not
debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to
postpone, or a motion to proceed to the
consideration of other business, or a motion
to recommit the qualifying legislation is
not in order.
(E) Vote on passage
The vote on passage shall occur
immediately following the conclusion of the
debate on the qualifying legislation and a
single quorum call at the conclusion of the
debate, if requested in accordance with the
rules of the Senate.
(F) Rulings of the Chair on procedure
Appeals from the decisions of the Chair
relating to the application of the rules of
the Senate, as the case may be, to the
procedure relating to qualifying legislation
shall be decided without debate.
(G) Consideration of veto messages
Debate in the Senate of any veto message
with respect to qualifying legislation,
including all debatable motions and appeals
in connection with such qualifying
legislation, shall be limited to 10 hours,
to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the majority leader and the
minority leader or their designees.
(6) Rules relating to Senate and House of
Representatives
(A) Coordination with action by other House
If, before the passage by one House of
qualifying legislation of that House, that
House receives qualifying legislation from
the other House, then the following
procedures shall apply:
(i) The qualifying legislation
of the other House shall not be
referred to a committee.
(ii) With respect to qualifying
legislation of the House receiving
the legislation--
(I) the procedure in that
House shall be the same as if no
qualifying legislation had been
received from the other House; but
(II) the vote on passage shall
be on the qualifying legislation of
the other House.
(B) Treatment of a bill of other House
If one House fails to introduce
qualifying legislation under this section,
the qualifying legislation of the other
House shall be entitled to expedited floor
procedures under this section.
(C) Treatment of companion measures
If, following passage of the qualifying
legislation in the Senate, the Senate then
receives a companion measure from the House
of Representatives, the companion measure
shall not be debatable.
(D) Application to revenue measures
The provisions of this paragraph shall
not apply in the House of Representatives to
qualifying legislation which is a revenue
measure.
(f) Rules of House of Representatives and Senate
Subsection (e) is enacted by Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such are deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only
[[Page 455]]
with respect to the procedure to be followed in
that House in the case of legislation described
in those sections, and supersede other rules
only to the extent that they are inconsistent
with such rules; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House.
* * * * * * *
(h) Definitions
In this section:
(1) Agreement
The term ``agreement'' means an
agreement related to the nuclear program of
Iran that includes the United States,
commits the United States to take action, or
pursuant to which the United States commits
or otherwise agrees to take action,
regardless of the form it takes, whether a
political commitment or otherwise, and
regardless of whether it is legally binding
or not, including any joint comprehensive
plan of action entered into or made between
Iran and any other parties, and any
additional materials related thereto,
including annexes, appendices, codicils,
side agreements, implementing materials,
documents, and guidance, technical or other
understandings, and any related agreements,
whether entered into or implemented prior to
the agreement or to be entered into or
implemented in the future.
(2) Appropriate congressional committees
The term ``appropriate congressional
committees'' means the Committee on Finance,
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban
Affairs, the Select Committee on
Intelligence, and the Committee on Foreign
Relations of the Senate and the Committee on
Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial
Services, the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence, and the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives.
(3) Appropriate congressional committees and
leadership
The term ``appropriate congressional
committees and leadership'' means the
Committee on Finance, the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the
Select Committee on Intelligence, and the
Committee on Foreign Relations, and the
Majority and Minority Leaders of the Senate
and the Committee on Ways and Means, the
Committee on Financial Services, the
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence,
and the
[[Page 456]]
Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the
Speaker, Majority Leader, and Minority
Leader of the House of Representatives.
* * * * * * *
393 Sec. 2210. Indemnification and limitation of liability
* * * * * * *
(e) Limitation on aggregate public liability
(1) The aggregate public liability for a single nuclear
incident of persons indemnified, including such legal costs
as are authorized to be paid under subsection (o)(1)(D),
shall not exceed--
(A) in the case of facilities designed for
producing substantial amounts of electricity and
having a rated capacity of 100,000 electrical
kilowatts or more, the maximum amount of
financial protection required of such facilities
under subsection (b) (plus any surcharge
assessed under subsection (o)(1)(E));
(B) in the case of contractors with whom the
Secretary has entered into an agreement of
indemnification under subsection (d), the amount
of indemnity and financial protection that may
be required under paragraph (2) of subsection
(d); and
(C) in the case of all other licensees of
the Commission required to maintain financial
protection under this section--
(i) $500,000,000, together with the
amount of financial protection required of
the licensee; or
(ii) if the amount of financial
protection required of the licensee exceeds
$60,000,000, $560,000,000 or the amount of
financial protection required of the
licensee, whichever amount is more.
(2) In the event of a nuclear incident involving damages
in excess of the amount of aggregate public liability under
paragraph (1), the Congress will thoroughly review the
particular incident in accordance with the procedures set
forth in subsection (i) and will in accordance with such
procedures, take whatever action is determined to be
necessary (including approval of appropriate compensation
plans and appropriation of funds) to provide full and prompt
compensation to the public for all public liability claims
resulting from a disaster of such magnitude.
(3) No provision of paragraph (1) may be construed to
preclude the Congress from enacting a revenue measure,
applicable to licensees of the Commission required to
maintain financial protection pursuant to subsection (b), to
fund any action undertaken pursuant to paragraph (2).
(4) With respect to any nuclear incident occurring
outside of the United States to which an agreement of
indemnification entered into under the provisions of
subsection (d) is applicable, such aggregate public
liability shall not exceed the amount of $500,000,000,
together with the amount of financial protection required of
the contractor.
* * * * * * *
(2) Not later than 90 days after any determination by a
court, pursuant to subsection (o), that the public liability
from a single nuclear incident may exceed the applicable
amount of aggregate public liability under subparagraph (A),
(B), or (C) of subsection (e)(1) the President shall submit
to the Congress--
[[Page 457]]
(A) an estimate of the aggregate dollar
value of personal injuries and property damage
that arises from the nuclear incident and
exceeds the amount of aggregate public liability
under subsection (e)(1);
(B) recommendations for additional sources
of funds to pay claims exceeding the applicable
amount of aggregate public liability under
subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of subsection
(e)(1), which recommendations shall consider a
broad range of possible sources of funds
(including possible revenue measures on the
sector of the economy, or on any other class, to
which such revenue measures might be applied);
(C) 1 or more compensation plans, that
either individually or collectively shall
provide for full and prompt compensation for all
valid claims and contain a recommendation or
recommendations as to the relief to be provided,
including any recommendations that funds be
allocated or set aside for the payment of claims
that may arise as a result of latent injuries
that may not be discovered until a later date;
and
(D) any additional legislative authorities
necessary to implement such compensation plan or
plans.
(3)(A) Any compensation plan transmitted to the Congress
pursuant to paragraph (2) shall bear an identification
number and shall be transmitted to both Houses of Congress
on the same day and to each House while it is in session.
(B) The provisions of paragraphs (4) through (6) shall
apply with respect to consideration in the Senate of any
compensation plan transmitted to the Senate pursuant to
paragraph (2).
(4) No such compensation plan may be considered approved
for purposes of subsection (e)(2) unless between the date of
transmittal and the end of the first period of sixty
calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the
date on which such action is transmitted to the Senate, the
Senate passes a resolution described in paragraph 6 of this
subsection.
(5) For the purpose of paragraph (4) of this
subsection--
(A) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
(B) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the sixty-day calendar period.
(6)(A) This paragraph is enacted--
(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of the Senate, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed in
the Senate in the case of resolutions described
by subparagraph (B) and it supersedes other
rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent
therewith; and
(ii) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change the
rules at any time, in the same manner and to the
same extent as in the case of any other rule of
the Senate.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term
``resolution'' means only a joint resolution of the Congress
the matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the _____ approves the compensation plan
numbered ___ submitted to the Congress on _____, 19__.'',
[[Page 458]]
the first blank space therein being filled with the name of
the resolving House and the other blank spaces being
appropriately filled; but does not include a resolution
which specifies more than one compensation plan.
(C) A resolution once introduced with respect to a
compensation plan shall immediately be referred to a
committee (and all resolutions with respect to the same
compensation plan shall be referred to the same committee)
by the President of the Senate.
(D)(i) If the committee of the Senate to which a
resolution with respect to a compensation plan has been
referred has not reported it at the end of twenty calendar
days after its referral, it shall be in order to move either
to discharge the committee from further consideration of
such resolution or to discharge the committee from further
consideration with respect to such compensation plan which
has been referred to the committee.
(ii) A motion to discharge may be made only
by an individual favoring the resolution, shall
be highly privileged (except that it may not be
made after the committee has reported a
resolution with respect to the same compensation
plan), and debate thereon shall be limited to
not more than one hour, to be divided equally
between those favoring and those opposing the
resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not
be in order, and it shall not be in order to
move to reconsider the vote by which the motion
was agreed to or disagreed to.
(iii) If the motion to discharge is agreed
to or disagreed to, the motion may not be
renewed, nor may another motion to discharge the
committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same compensation
plan.
(E)(i) When the committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, it
shall be at any time thereafter in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(ii) Debate on the resolution referred to in clause (i)
of this subparagraph shall be limited to not more than ten
hours, which shall be divided equally between those favoring
and those opposing such resolution. A motion further to
limit debate shall not be debatable. An amendment to, or
motion to recommit, the resolution shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which such resolution was agreed to or disagreed to.
(F)(i) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from committee, or the consideration of a
resolution or motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
[[Page 459]]
(ii) Appeals from the decision of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedures
relating to a resolution shall be decided without debate.
* * * * * * *
Chapter 77--ENERGY CONSERVATION
394 Sec. 6249c. Contracts for which implementing legislation is
needed
(a) In general
(1) In the case of contracts entered into under this
part, and amendments to such contracts, for which
implementing legislation will be needed, the Secretary may
transmit an implementing bill to both Houses of the
Congress.
(2) In the Senate, any such bill shall be considered in
accordance with the provisions of this section.
(3) For purposes of this section--
(A) the term ``implementing bill'' means a
bill introduced in either House of Congress with
respect to one or more contracts or amendments
to contracts submitted to the House of
Representatives and the Senate under this
section and which contains--
(i) a provision approving such contracts
or amendments, or both; and
(ii) legislative provisions that are
necessary or appropriate for the
implementation of such contracts or
amendments, or both; and
(B) the term ``implementing revenue bill''
means an implementing bill which contains one or
more revenue measures by reason of which it must
originate in the House of Representatives.
(b) Consultation
The Secretary shall consult, at the earliest possible
time and on a continuing basis, with each committee of the
House and the Senate that has jurisdiction over all matters
expected to be affected by legislation needed to implement
any such contract.
(c) Effective date
Each contract and each amendment to a contract for which
an implementing bill is necessary may become effective only
if--
(1) the Secretary, not less than 30 days
before the day on which such contract is entered
into, notifies the House of Representatives and
the Senate of the intention to enter into such a
contract and promptly thereafter publishes
notice of such intention in the Federal
Register;
(2) after entering into the contract, the
Secretary transmits a report to the House of
Representatives and to the Senate containing a
copy of the final text of such contract together
with--
(A) the implementing bill, and an
explanation of how the implementing bill
changes or affects existing law; and
(B) a statement of the reasons why the
contract serves the interests of the United
States and why the implementing bill is
required or appropriate to implement the
contract; and
(3) the implementing bill is enacted into
law.
[[Page 460]]
(d) Rules of Senate
Subsections (e) through (h) are enacted by the
Congress--
(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate, and as such they are deemed a
part of the rules of the Senate but applicable
only with respect to the procedure to be
followed in the Senate in the case of
implementing bills and implementing revenue
bills described in subsection (a), and they
supersede other rules only to the extent that
they are inconsistent therewith; and
(2) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
the Senate) at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate.
(e) Introduction and referral in Senate
(1) On the day on which an implementing bill is
transmitted to the Senate under this section, the
implementing bill shall be introduced (by request) in the
Senate by the majority leader of the Senate, for himself or
herself and the minority leader of the Senate, or by Members
of the Senate designated by the majority leader and minority
leader of the Senate.
(2) If the Senate is not in session on the day on which
such an agreement is submitted, the implementing bill shall
be introduced in the Senate, as provided in the paragraph
(1), on the first day thereafter on which the Senate is in
session.
(3) Such bills shall be referred by the presiding
officer of the Senate to the appropriate committee, or, in
the case of a bill containing provisions within the
jurisdiction of two or more committees, jointly to such
committees for consideration of those provisions within
their respective jurisdictions.
(f) Consideration of amendments to implementing bill
prohibited in Senate
(1) No amendments to an implementing bill shall be in
order in the Senate, and it shall not be in order in the
Senate to consider an implementing bill that originated in
the House if such bill passed the House containing any
amendment to the introduced bill.
(2) No motion to suspend the application of this
subsection shall be in order in the Senate; nor shall it be
in order in the Senate for the Presiding Officer to
entertain a request to suspend the application of this
subsection by unanimous consent.
(g) Discharge in Senate
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if the
committee or committees of the Senate to which an
implementing bill has been referred have not reported it at
the close of the 30th day after its introduction, such
committee or committees shall be automatically discharged
from further consideration of the bill, and it shall be
placed on the appropriate calendar.
(2) A vote on final passage of the bill shall be taken
in the Senate on or before the close of the 15th day after
the bill is reported by the committee or committees to which
it was referred or after such committee or committees have
been discharged from further consideration of the bill.
[[Page 461]]
(3) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not
apply in the Senate to an implementing revenue bill. An
implementing revenue bill received from the House shall be,
subject to subsection (f)(1), referred to the appropriate
committee or committees of the Senate. If such committee or
committees have not reported such bill at the close of the
15th day after its receipt by the Senate, such committee or
committees shall be automatically discharged from further
consideration of such bill and it shall be placed on the
calendar. A vote on final passage of such bill shall be
taken in the Senate on or before the close of the 15th day
after such bill is reported by the committee or committees
of the Senate to which it was referred, or after such
committee or committees have been discharged from further
consideration of such bill.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, in computing a
number of days in the Senate, there shall be excluded any
day on which the Senate is not in session.
(h) Floor consideration in Senate
(1) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the
consideration of an implementing bill shall be privileged
and not debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be
in order, nor shall it be in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(2) Debate in the Senate on an implementing bill, and
all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith,
shall be limited to not more than 20 hours. The time shall
be equally divided between, and controlled by, the majority
leader and the minority leader or their designees.
(3) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or
appeal in connection with an implementing bill shall be
limited to not more than one hour to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and the manager of the
bill, except that in the event the manager of the bill is in
favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition
thereto shall be controlled by the minority leader or his
designee. Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time
under their control on the passage of an implementing bill,
allot additional time to any Senator during the
consideration of any debatable motion or appeal.
(4) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate is
not debatable. A motion to recommit an implementing bill is
not in order. (Pub. L. 94-163, Title I, Sec. 174, as added
Pub. L. 101-383, Sec. 6(a)(4), Sept. 15, 1990, 104 Stat.
731.)
395 Sec. 6272. International voluntary agreements
* * * * * * *
(m) Limitation on new plans of action
(1) With respect to any plan of action approved by the
Attorney General after July 2, 1985--
(A) the defenses under subsection (f) and
(j) shall be applicable to Type 1 activities (as
that term is defined in the International Energy
Agency Emergency Management Manual, dated
December 1982) only if--
(i) the Secretary has transmitted such
plan of action to the Congress; and
[[Page 462]]
(ii)(I) 90 calendar days of continuous
session have elapsed since receipt by the
Congress of such transmittal; or
(II) within 90 calendar days of
continuous session after receipt of such
transmittal, either House of the Congress
has disapproved a joint resolution of
disapproval pursuant to subsection (n); and
(B) such defenses shall not be applicable to
Type 1 activities if there has been enacted, in
accordance with subsection (n), a joint
resolution of disapproval.
(2) The Secretary may withdraw the plan of action at any
time prior to adoption of a joint resolution described in
subsection (n)(3) by either House of Congress.
(3) For the purpose of this subsection--
(A) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of the Congress sine die at the
end of the second session of Congress; and
(B) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than
three days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the calendar-day period involved.
(n) Joint resolution of disapproval
(1)(A) The application of defenses under subsections (f)
and (j) for Type 1 activities with respect to any plan of
action transmitted to Congress as described in subsection
(m)(1)(A)(i) shall be disapproved if a joint resolution of
disapproval has been enacted into law during the 90-day
period of continuous session after which such transmission
was received by the Congress. For the purpose of this
subsection, the term ``joint resolution'' means only a joint
resolution of either House of the Congress as described in
paragraph (3).
(B) After receipt by the Congress of such plan of
action, a joint resolution of disapproval may be introduced
in either House of the Congress. Upon introduction in the
Senate, the joint resolution shall be referred in the Senate
immediately to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
of the Senate.
(2) This subsection is enacted by the Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of the Senate, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed in
the Senate in the case of resolutions described
by paragraph (3); it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that is inconsistent therewith;
and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
the Senate) at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate.
(3) The joint resolution disapproving the transmission
under subsection (m) shall read as follows after the
resolving clause: ``That the Congress of the United States
disapproves the availability of the defenses pursuant to
section 252 (f) and (j) of the Energy Policy and
Conservation Act with respect to Type 1 activities under the
plan of action submitted to the Congress by the Secretary of
Energy on .'', the blank space therein being filled with the
date and year of receipt by the Congress of the plan of
action transmitted as described in subsection (m).
[[Page 463]]
(4)(A) If the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
of the Senate has not reported a joint resolution referred
to it under this subsection at the end of 20 calendar days
of continuous session after its referral, it shall be in
order to move either to discharge the committee from further
consideration of such resolution or to discharge the
committee from further consideration of any other joint
resolution which has been referred to the committee with
respect to such plan of action.
(B) A motion to discharge shall be highly privileged
(except that it may not be made after the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources has reported a joint resolution
with respect to the plan of action), and debate thereon
shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be divided
equally between those favoring and those opposing the joint
resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not be in
order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(C) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the committee be made with respect to any other
joint resolution with respect to the same transmission.
(5)(A) When the Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources of the Senate has reported or has been discharged
from further consideration of a joint resolution, it shall
be in order at any time thereafter within the 90-day period
following receipt by the Congress of the plan of action
(even though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of
such joint resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged
and shall not be debatable. An amendment to the motion shall
not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move to
reconsider a vote by which the motion was agreed to or
disagreed to.
(B) Debate on the joint resolution shall be limited to
not more than 10 hours and final action on the joint
resolution shall occur immediately following conclusion of
such debate. A motion further to limit debate shall not be
debatable. A motion to recommit such a joint resolution
shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order to move
to reconsider the vote by which such a joint resolution was
agreed to or disagreed to.
(6)(A) Motions to postpone made with respect to the
discharge from committee or consideration of a joint
resolution, shall be decided without debate.
(B) Appeals from the decision of the Chair relating to
the application of rules of the Senate to the procedures
relating to a joint resolution shall be decided without
debate. (Pub. L. 94-163, Title II, Sec. 252, Dec. 22, 1975,
89 Stat. 894; Pub. L. 95-619, Title VI, Sec. 691(b)(2), Nov.
9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3288; Pub. L. 96-30, June 30, 1979, 93
Stat. 80; Pub. L. 96-94, Oct. 31, 1979, 93 Stat. 720; Pub.
L. 96-133, Sec. Sec. 1, 2, Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1053;
Pub. L. 97-5, Mar. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 97-50,
Sept. 30, 1981, 95 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 97-163, Apr. 1, 1982,
96 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 97-190, June 1, 1982, 96 Stat. 106;
Pub. L. 97-217, July 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 97-229,
Sec. 2(a), (b)(2), Aug. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 248; Pub. L. 98-
239, Mar. 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 99-58, Title I,
Sec. Sec. 104(c)(2), (4), 105, July 2, 1985, 99 Stat. 105;
Pub. L. 104-66, Title I, Sec. 1091(g), Dec. 21, 1995, 109
Stat. 722; Pub. L. 105-177, Sec. 1(4), June 1, 1998, 112
Stat. 105.)
[[Page 464]]
396 Sec. 6421. Procedure for Congressional review of
Presidential requests to implement certain authorities
(a) ``Energy action'' defined
For purposes of this section, the term ``energy action''
means any matter required to be transmitted, or submitted to
the Congress in accordance with the procedures of this
section.
(b) Transmittal of energy action to Congress
The President shall transmit any energy action (bearing
an identification number) to both Houses of Congress on the
same day. If both Houses are not in session on the day any
energy action is received by the appropriate officers of
each House, for purposes of this section such energy action
shall be deemed to have been transmitted on the first
succeeding day on which both Houses are in session.
(c) Effective date of energy action
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this
subsection, if energy action is transmitted to the Houses of
Congress, such action shall take effect at the end of the
first period of 15 calendar days of continuous session of
Congress after the date on which such action is transmitted
to such Houses, unless between the date of transmittal and
the end of such 15-day period, either House passes a
resolution stating in substance that such House does not
favor such action.
(2) An energy action described in paragraph (1) may take
effect prior to the expiration of the 15-calendar-day period
after the date on which such action is transmitted, if each
House of Congress approves a resolution affirmatively
stating in substance that such House does not object to such
action.
(d) Computation of period
For the purpose of subsection (c) of this section--
(1) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than 3
days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the 15-calendar-day period.
(e) Provision in energy action for later effective date
Under provisions contained in an energy action, a
provision of such an action may take effect on a date later
than the date on which such action otherwise takes effect
pursuant to the provisions of this section.
(f) Resolutions with respect to energy action
(1) This subsection is enacted by Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of
resolutions described by paragraph (2) of this
subsection; and it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that it is inconsistent therewith;
and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that
[[Page 465]]
House) at any time, in the same manner and to
the same extent as in the case of any other rule
of the House.
(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``resolution'' means only a resolution of either House of
Congress described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this
paragraph.
(A) A resolution the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That
the_____ does not object to the energy action
numbered_____ submitted to the Congress on_____,
19_.'', the first blank space therein being
filled with the name of the resolving House and
the other blank spaces being appropriately
filled; but does not include a resolution which
specifies more than one energy action.
(B) A resolution the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That
the_____ does not favor the energy action
numbered_____ transmitted to Congress on_____,
19_.'', the first blank space therein being
filled with the name of the resolving House and
the other blank spaces therein being
appropriately filled; but does not include a
resolution which specifies more than one energy
action.
(3) A resolution once introduced with respect to an
energy action shall immediately be referred to a committee
(and all resolutions with respect to the same plan shall be
referred to the same committee) by the President of the
Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as
the case may be.
(4)(A) If the committee to which a resolution with
respect to an energy action has been referred has not
reported it at the end of 5 calendar days after its
referral, it shall be in order to move either to discharge
the committee from further consideration of such resolution
or to discharge the committee from further consideration of
any other resolution with respect to such energy action
which has been referred to the committee.
(B) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported a resolution with respect to the same
energy action), and debate thereon shall be limited to not
more than one hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to.
(C) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same energy action.
(5)(A) When the committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, it
shall be at any time thereafter in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(B) Debate on the resolution referred to in subparagraph
(A) of this paragraph shall be limited to not more than 10
hours, which shall
[[Page 466]]
be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing
such resolution. A motion further to limit debate shall not
be debatable. An amendment to, or motion to recommit, the
resolution shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which such
resolution was agreed to or disagreed to; except that it
shall be in order--
(i) to offer an amendment in the nature of a
substitute, consisting of the text of a
resolution described in paragraph (2)(A) of this
subsection with respect to an energy action, for
a resolution described in paragraph (2)(B) of
this subsection with respect to the same such
action, or
(ii) to offer an amendment in the nature of
a substitute, consisting of the text of a
resolution described in paragraph (2)(B) of this
subsection with respect to an energy action, for
a resolution described in paragraph (2)(A) of
this subsection with respect to the same such
action.The amendments described in clauses (i)
and (ii) of this subparagraph shall not be
amendable.
(6)(A) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from committee, or the consideration of a
resolution and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(B) Appeals from the decision of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure
relating to a resolution shall be decided without debate.
(7) Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this
subsection, if a House has approved a resolution with
respect to an energy action, then it shall not be in order
to consider in that House any other resolution with respect
to the same such action. (Pub. L. 94-163, Title V, Sec. 551,
Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 965.)
397 Sec. 6422. Expedited procedure for Congressional
consideration of certain authorities
(a) Contingency plan identification number; transmittal of
plan to Congress
Any contingency plan transmitted to the Congress
pursuant to section 6261(a)(1) of this title shall bear an
identification number and shall be transmitted to both
Houses of Congress on the same day and to each House while
it is in session.
(b) Necessity of Congressional resolution within certain
period for plan to be considered approved
(1) No such energy conservation contingency plan may be
considered approved for purposes of section 6261(b) of this
title unless between the date of transmittal and the end of
the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session
of Congress after the date on which such action is
transmitted to such House, each House of Congress passes a
resolution described in subsection (d)(2)(A).
(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), any such rationing
contingency plan shall be considered approved for purposes
of section 6261(d) of this title only if such plan is not
disapproved by a resolution described in subsection
(d)(2)(B)(i) which passes each House of the Congress during
the 30-calendar-day period of continuous session after the
plan is transmitted to such Houses and which thereafter
becomes law.
[[Page 467]]
(B) A rationing contingency plan may be considered
approved prior to the expiration of the 30-calendar-day
period after such plan is transmitted if a resolution
described in subsection (d)(2)(B)(ii) is passed by each
House of the Congress and thereafter becomes law.
(c) Computation of period
For the purpose of subsection (b) of this section--
(1) continuity of session is broken only by
an adjournment of Congress sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than 3
days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the calendar-day period involved.
(d) Resolution with respect to contingency plan
(1) This subsection is enacted by Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of
the rules of each House, respectively, but
applicable only with respect to the procedure to
be followed in that House in the case of
resolutions described by paragraph (2) of this
subsection; and it supersedes other rules only
to the extent that it is inconsistent therewith;
and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of the House.
(2)(A) For purposes of applying this section with
respect to any energy conservation contingency plan, the
term ``resolution'' means only a resolution of either House
of Congress the matter after the resolving clauses of which
is as follows: ``That the_____ approves the energy
conservation contingency plan numbered _____ submitted to
the Congress on _____, 19_____.'', the first blank space
therein being filled with the name of the resolving House
and the other blank spaces being appropriately filled; but
does not include a resolution which specifies more than one
energy conservation contingency plan.
(B) For purposes of applying this subsection with
respect to any rationing contingency plan (other than
pursuant to section 6261(d)(2)(B) of this title), the term
``resolution'' means only a joint resolution described in
clause (i) or (ii) of this subparagraph with respect to such
plan.
(i) A joint resolution of either House of
the Congress (I) which is entitled: ``Joint
resolution relating to a rationing contingency
plan.'', (II) which does not contain a preamble,
and (III) the matter after the resolving clause
of which is: ``That the Congress of the United
States disapproves the rationing contingency
plan transmitted to the Congress on _____,
19_____.'', the blank spaces therein
appropriately filled.
(ii) A joint resolution of either House of
the Congress (I) which is entitled: ``Joint
resolution relating to a rationing contingency
plan.'', (II) which does not contain a preamble,
and (III) the matter after the resolving clause
of which is: ``That the Congress of the United
States does not object to the rationing
contingency plan transmitted to the Congress on
_____, 19_____.'', the blank spaces therein
appropriately filled.
[[Page 468]]
(3) A resolution once introduced with respect to a
contingency plan shall immediately be referred to a
committee (and all resolutions with respect to the same
contingency plan shall be referred to the same committee) by
the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, as the case may be.
(4)(A) If the committee to which a resolution with
respect to a contingency plan has been referred has not
reported it at the end of 20 calendar days after its
referral in the case of any energy conservation contingency
plan or at the end of 10 calendar days after its referral in
the case of any rationing contingency plan, it shall be in
order to move either to discharge the committee from further
consideration of such resolution or to discharge the
committee from further consideration of any other resolution
with respect to such contingency plan which has been
referred to the committee.
(B) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported a resolution with respect to the same
contingency plan), and debate thereon shall be limited to
not more than 1 hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. Except to the
extent provided in paragraph (7)(A), an amendment to the
motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order
to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to.
(C) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same contingency plan.
(5)(A) When the committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, it
shall be at any time thereafter in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(B) Debate on the resolution referred to in subparagraph
(A) of this paragraph shall be limited to not more than 10
hours, which shall be divided equally between those favoring
and those opposing such resolution. A motion further to
limit debate shall not be debatable. Except to the extent
provided in paragraph (7)(B), an amendment to, or motion to
recommit the resolution shall not be in order, and it shall
not be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which such
resolution was agreed to or disagreed to.
(6)(A) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from committee, or the consideration of a
resolution and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(B) Appeals from the decision of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedures
relating to a resolution shall be decided without debate.
(7) With respect to any rationing contingency plan--
(A) In the consideration of any motion to
discharge any committee from further
consideration of any resolution on any such
plan, it
[[Page 469]]
shall be in order after debate allowed for under
paragraph (4)(B) to offer an amendment in the
nature of a substitute for such motion--
(i) consisting of a motion to discharge
such committee from further consideration of
a resolution described in paragraph
(2)(B)(i) with respect to any rationing
contingency plan, if the discharge motion
sought to be amended relates to a resolution
described in paragraph (2)(B)(ii) with
respect to the same such plan, or
(ii) consisting of a motion to discharge
such committee from further consideration of
a resolution described in paragraph
(2)(B)(ii) with respect to any rationing
contingency plan, if the discharge motion
sought to be amended relates to a resolution
described in paragraph (2)(B)(i) with
respect to the same such plan.
An amendment described in this subparagraph shall not be
amendable. Debate on such an amendment shall be limited to
not more than 1 hour, which shall be divided equally between
those favoring and those opposing the amendment.
(B) In the consideration of any resolution
on any such plan which has been reported by a
committee, it shall be in order at any time
during the debate allowed for under paragraph
(5)(B) to offer an amendment in the nature of a
substitute for such resolution--
(i) consisting of the text of a
resolution described in paragraph (2)(B)(i)
with respect to any rationing contingency
plan, if the resolution sought to be amended
is a resolution described in paragraph
(2)(B)(ii) with respect to the same such
plan, or
(ii) consisting of the text of a
resolution described in paragraph (2)(B)(ii)
with respect to any rationing contingency
plan, if the resolution sought to be amended
is a resolution described in paragraph
(2)(B)(i) with respect to the same such
plan.
An amendment described in this subparagraph shall not be
amendable.
(C) If one House receives from the other
House a resolution with respect to a rationing
contingency plan, then the following procedure
applies:
(i) the resolution of the other House
with respect to such plan shall not be
referred to a committee;
(ii) in the case of a resolution of the
first House with respect to such plan--
(I) the procedure with respect
to that or other resolutions of such
House with respect to such plan
shall be the same as if no
resolution from the other House with
respect to such plan had been
received; but
(II) on any vote on final
passage of a resolution of the first
House with respect to such plan a
resolution from the other House with
respect to such plan which has the
same effect shall be automatically
substituted for the resolution of
the first House.
(D) Notwithstanding any of the preceding
provisions of this subsection, if a House has
approved a resolution with respect to a
rationing contingency plan, then it shall not be
in order to consider in that House any other
resolution under this section with respect
[[Page 470]]
to the approval of such plan. (Pub. L. 94-163,
Title V, Sec. 552, Dec. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 967;
Pub. L. 96-102, title I, Sec. Sec. 103(b)(2),
105(a)(4), (b)(6), Nov. 5, 1979, 93 Stat. 753,
756; Pub. L. 105-388, Sec. 5(a)(16), Nov. 13,
1998, 112 Stat. 3479.)
Chapter 92--POWERPLANT AND INDUSTRIAL FUEL USE
398 Sec. 8374. Emergency authorities
(a) Coal allocation authority
(1) If the President--
(A) declares a severe energy supply
interruption, as defined in section 6202(8) of
this title, or
(B) finds, and publishes such finding, that
a national or regional fuel supply shortage
exists or may exist which the President
determines--
(i) is, or is likely to be, of
significant scope and duration, and of an
emergency nature;
(ii) causes, or may cause, major adverse
impact on public health, safety, or welfare
or on the economy; and
(iii) results, or is likely to result,
from an interruption in the supply of coal
or from sabotage, or an act of God;
the President may, by order, allocate coal (and require the
transportation thereof) for the use of any electric
powerplant or major fuel-burning installation, in accordance
with such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to
insure reliability of electric service or prevent
unemployment, or protect public health, safety, or welfare.
(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ``coal''
means anthracite and bituminous coal and lignite (but does
not mean any fuel derivative thereof).
(b) Emergency prohibition on use of natural gas or petroleum
If the President declares a severe energy supply
interruption, as defined in section 6202(8) of this title,
the President may, by order, prohibit any electric
powerplant or major fuel-burning installation from using
natural gas or petroleum, or both, as a primary energy
source for the duration of such interruption.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any
suspension of emission limitations or other requirements of
applicable implementation plans, as defined in section
7410(d) of this title, required by such prohibition shall be
issued only in accordance with section 7410(f) of this
title.
(c) Emergency stays
The President may, by order, stay the application of any
provision of this chapter, or any rule or order thereunder,
applicable to any new or existing electric powerplant, if
the President finds, and publishes such finding, that an
emergency exists, due to national, regional, or systemwide
shortages of coal or other alternate fuels, or disruption of
transportation facilities, which emergency is likely to
affect reliability of service of any such electric
powerplant.
(d) Duration of emergency orders
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), any order
issued by the President under this section shall not be
effective for longer than the
[[Page 471]]
duration of the interruption or emergency, or 90 days,
whichever is less.
(2) Any such order may be extended by a subsequent order
which the President shall transmit to the Congress in
accordance with section 6421 of this title. Such order shall
be subject to congressional review pursuant to such section.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the effectiveness of
any order issued under this section shall not terminate
under this subsection during the 15-calendar-day period
during which any such subsequent order described in
paragraph (2) is subject to congressional review under
section 6421 of this title.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, the provisions of
this subsection supersede the provisions of subchapter II of
chapter 34 of title 50.
(e) Delegation of authority prohibited
The authority of the President to issue any order under
this section may not be delegated. This subsection shall not
be construed to prevent the President from directing any
Federal agency to issue rules or regulations or take such
other action, consistent with this section, in the
implementation of such order.
(f) Publication and reports to Congress of orders
Any order issued under this section shall be published
in the Federal Register. To the greatest extent practicable,
the President shall, before issuing any order under this
section, but in no event later than 5 days after issuing
such order, report to the Congress of his intention to issue
such order and state his reasons therefor. (Pub. L. 95-620,
Title IV, Sec. 404, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3319; Pub. L.
100-42, Sec. 1(c)(15), May 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 313.)
Chapter 108--NUCLEAR WASTE POLICY
399 Sec. 10135. Review of repository site selection
(a) ``Resolution of repository siting approval'' defined
For purposes of this section, the term ``resolution of
repository siting approval'' means a joint resolution of the
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is
as follows: ``That there hereby is approved the site at
_____ for a repository, with respect to which a notice of
disapproval was submitted by _____ on _____''. The first
blank space in such resolution shall be filled with the name
of the geographic location of the proposed site of the
repository to which such resolution pertains; the second
blank space in such resolution shall be filled with the
designation of the State Governor and legislature or Indian
tribe governing body submitting the notice of disapproval to
which such resolution pertains; and the last blank space in
such resolution shall be filled with the date of such
submission.
(b) State or Indian tribe petitions
The designation of a site as suitable for application
for a construction authorization for a repository shall be
effective at the end of the 60-day period beginning on the
date that the President recommends such site to the Congress
under section 10134 of this title, unless the Governor and
legislature of the State in which such site is located, or
the governing body of an Indian tribe on whose reservation
such site
[[Page 472]]
is located, as the case may be, has submitted to the
Congress a notice of disapproval under section 10136 or
10138 of this title. If any such notice of disapproval has
been submitted, the designation of such site shall not be
effective except as provided under subsection (c).
(c) Congressional review of petitions
If any notice of disapproval of a repository site
designation has been submitted to the Congress under section
10136 or 10138 of this title after a recommendation for
approval of such site is made by the President under section
10134 of this title, such site shall be disapproved unless,
during the first period of 90 calendar days of continuous
session of the Congress after the date of the receipt by the
Congress of such notice of disapproval, the Congress passes
a resolution of repository siting approval in accordance
with this subsection approving such site, and such
resolution thereafter becomes law.
(d) Procedures applicable to Senate
(1) The provisions of this subsection are enacted by the
Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate, and as such they are deemed a
part of the rules of the Senate, but applicable
only with respect to the procedure to be
followed in the Senate in the case of
resolutions of repository siting approval, and
such provisions supersede other rules of the
Senate only to the extent that they are
inconsistent with such other rules; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
the Senate) at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate.
(2)(A) Not later than the first day of session following
the day on which any notice of disapproval of a repository
site selection is submitted to the Congress under section
10136 or 10138 of this title, a resolution of repository
siting approval shall be introduced (by request) in the
Senate by the chairman of the committee to which such notice
of disapproval is referred, or by a Member or Members of the
Senate designated by such chairman.
(B) Upon introduction, a resolution of repository siting
approval shall be referred to the appropriate committee or
committees of the Senate by the President of the Senate, and
all such resolutions with respect to the same repository
site shall be referred to the same committee or committees.
Upon the expiration of 60 calendar days of continuous
session after the introduction of the first resolution of
repository siting approval with respect to any site, each
committee to which such resolution was referred shall make
its recommendations to the Senate.
(3) If any committee to which is referred a resolution
of siting approval introduced under paragraph (2)(A), or, in
the absence of such a resolution, any other resolution of
siting approval introduced with respect to the site
involved, has not reported such resolution at the end of 60
days of continuous session of Congress after introduction of
such resolution, such committee shall be deemed to be
discharged from further consideration of such resolution,
and such resolution shall be placed on the appropriate
calendar of the Senate.
(4)(A) When each committee to which a resolution of
siting approval has been referred has reported, or has been
deemed to be discharged from further consideration of, a
resolution described in paragraph (3),
[[Page 473]]
it shall at any time thereafter be in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to)
for any Member of the Senate to move to proceed to the
consideration of such resolution. Such motion shall be
highly privileged and shall not be debatable. Such motion
shall not be subject to amendment, to a motion to postpone,
or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of other
business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which such
motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order.
If a motion to proceed to the consideration of such
resolution is agreed to, such resolution shall remain the
unfinished business of the Senate until disposed of.
(B) Debate on a resolution of siting approval, and on
all debatable motions and appeals in connection with such
resolution, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours,
which shall be divided equally between Members favoring and
Members opposing such resolution. A motion further to limit
debate shall be in order and shall not be debatable. Such
motion shall not be subject to amendment, to a motion to
postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of
other business, and a motion to recommit such resolution
shall not be in order. A motion to reconsider the vote by
which such resolution is agreed to or disagreed to shall not
be in order.
(C) Immediately following the conclusion of the debate
on a resolution of siting approval, and a single quorum call
at the conclusion of such debate if requested in accordance
with the rules of the Senate, the vote on final approval of
such resolution shall occur.
(D) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure
relating to a resolution of siting approval shall be decided
without debate.
(5) If the Senate receives from the House a resolution
of repository siting approval with respect to any site, then
the following procedure shall apply:
(A) The resolution of the House with respect
to such site shall not be referred to a
committee.
(B) With respect to the resolution of the
Senate with respect to such site--
(i) the procedure with respect to that
or other resolutions of the Senate with
respect to such site shall be the same as if
no resolution from the House with respect to
such site had been received; but
(ii) on any vote on final passage of a
resolution of the Senate with respect to
such site, a resolution from the House with
respect to such site where the text is
identical shall be automatically substituted
for the resolution of the Senate.
(e) Procedures applicable to House of Representatives
(1) The provisions of this section are enacted by the
Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the House of Representatives, and as such
they are deemed a part of the rules of the
House, but applicable only with respect to the
procedure to be followed in the House in the
case of resolutions of repository siting
approval, and such provisions supersede other
rules of the House only to the extent that they
are inconsistent with such other rules; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the House to change the
rules (so far as relating to the procedure of
the
[[Page 474]]
House) at any time, in the same manner and to
the same extent as in the case of any other rule
of the House.
(2) Resolutions of repository siting approval shall upon
introduction, be immediately referred by the Speaker of the
House to the appropriate committee or committees of the
House. Any such resolution received from the Senate shall be
held at the Speaker's table.
(3) Upon the expiration of 60 days of continuous session
after the introduction of the first resolution of repository
siting approval with respect to any site, each committee to
which such resolution was referred shall be discharged from
further consideration of such resolution, and such
resolution shall be referred to the appropriate calendar,
unless such resolution or an identical resolution was
previously reported by each committee to which it was
referred.
(4) It shall be in order for the Speaker to recognize a
Member favoring a resolution to call up a resolution of
repository siting approval after it has been on the
appropriate calendar for 5 legislative days. When any such
resolution is called up, the House shall proceed to its
immediate consideration and the Speaker shall recognize the
Member calling up such resolution and a Member opposed to
such resolution for 2 hours of debate in the House, to be
equally divided and controlled by such Members. When such
time has expired, the previous question shall be considered
as ordered on the resolution to adoption without intervening
motion. No amendment to any such resolution shall be in
order, nor shall it be in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which such resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
(5) If the House receives from the Senate a resolution
of repository siting approval with respect to any site, then
the following procedure shall apply:
(A) The resolution of the Senate with
respect to such site shall not be referred to a
committee.
(B) With respect to the resolution of the
House with respect to such site--
(i) the procedure with respect to that
or other resolutions of the House with
respect to such site shall be the same as if
no resolution from the Senate with respect
to such site had been received; but
(ii) on any vote on final passage of a
resolution of the House with respect to such
site, a resolution from the Senate with
respect to such site where the text is
identical shall be automatically substituted
for the resolution of the House.
(f) Computation of days
For purposes of this section--
(1) continuity of session of Congress is
broken only by an adjournment sine die; and
(2) the days on which either House is not in
session because of an adjournment of more than 3
days to a day certain are excluded in the
computation of the 90-day period referred to in
subsection
[[Page 475]]
(c) and the 60-day period referred to in
subsections (d) and (e). (Pub. L. 97-425, Title
I, Sec. 115, Jan. 7, 1983, 96 Stat. 2217.)
* * * * * * *
400 Sec. 10155. Storage of spent nuclear fuel
* * * * * * *
(6)(A) Upon deciding to provide an aggregate of 300 or
more metric tons of storage capacity under subsection (a)(1)
at any one site, the Secretary shall notify the Governor and
legislature of the State where such site is located, or the
governing body of the Indian tribe in whose reservation such
site is located, as the case may be, of such decision.
During the 60-day period following receipt of notification
by the Secretary of his decision to provide an aggregate of
300 or more metric tons of storage capacity at any one site,
the Governor or legislature of the State in which such site
is located, or the governing body of the affected Indian
tribe where such site is located, as the case may be, may
disapprove the provision of 300 or more metric tons of
storage capacity at the site involved and submit to the
Congress a notice of such disapproval. A notice of
disapproval shall be considered to be submitted to the
Congress on the date of the transmittal of such notice of
disapproval to the Speaker of the House and the President
pro tempore of the Senate. Such notice of disapproval shall
be accompanied by a statement of reasons explaining why the
provision of such storage capacity at such site was
disapproved by such Governor or legislature or the governing
body of such Indian tribe.
(B) Unless otherwise provided by State law, the Governor
or legislature of each State shall have authority to submit
a notice of disapproval to the Congress under subparagraph
(A). In any case in which State law provides for submission
of any such notice of disapproval by any other person or
entity, any reference in this part to the Governor or
legislature of such State shall be considered to refer
instead to such other person or entity.
(C) The authority of the Governor and legislature of
each State under this paragraph shall not be applicable with
respect to any site located on a reservation.
(D) If any notice of disapproval is submitted to the
Congress under subparagraph (A), the proposed provision of
300 or more metric tons of storage capacity at the site
involved shall be disapproved unless, during the first
period of 90 calendar days of continuous session of the
Congress following the date of the receipt by the Congress
of such notice of disapproval, the Congress passes a
resolution approving such proposed provision of storage
capacity in accordance with the procedures established in
this paragraph and subsections (d) through (f) of section
10135 of this title and such resolution thereafter becomes
law. For purposes of this paragraph, the term ``resolution''
means a joint resolution of either House of the Congress,
the matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That there hereby is approved the provision of
300 or more metric tons of spent nuclear fuel storage
capacity at the site located at _____, with respect to which
a notice of disapproval was submitted by _____ on _____.''.
The first blank space in such resolution shall be filled
with the geographic location of the site involved; the
second blank space in such resolution shall be filled with
the designation of the State Governor and legislature
[[Page 476]]
or affected Indian tribe governing body submitting the
notice of disapproval involved; and the last blank space in
such resolution shall be filled with the date of submission
of such notice of disapproval.
(E) For purposes of the consideration of any resolution
described in subparagraph (D), each reference in subsections
(d) and (e) of section 10135 of this title to a resolution
of repository siting approval shall be considered to refer
to the resolution described in such subparagraph.
(7) As used in this section, the term ``affected Tribal
Council'' means the governing body of any Indian tribe
within whose reservation boundaries there is located a
potentially acceptable site for interim storage capacity of
spent nuclear fuel from civilian nuclear power reactors, or
within whose boundaries a site for such capacity is selected
by the Secretary, or whose federally defined possessory or
usage rights to other lands outside of the reservation's
boundaries arising out of congressionally ratified treaties,
as determined by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to a
petition filed with him by the appropriate governmental
officials of such tribe, may be substantially and adversely
affected by the establishment of any such storage capacity.
(e) Limitations
Any spent nuclear fuel stored under this section shall
be removed from the storage site or facility involved as
soon as practicable, but in any event not later than 3 years
following the date on which a repository or monitored
retrievable storage facility developed under this chapter is
available for disposal of such spent nuclear fuel. (Pub. L.
97-425, Title I, Sec. 135, Jan. 7, 1983, 96 Stat. 2232.)
* * * * * * *
401 Sec. 10161. Monitored retrievable storage
* * * * * * *
(b) Submission of proposal by Secretary
(1) On or before June 1, 1985, the Secretary shall
complete a detailed study of the need for and feasibility
of, and shall submit to the Congress a proposal for, the
construction of one or more monitored retrievable storage
facilities for high-level radioactive waste and spent
nuclear fuel. Each such facility shall be designed--
(A) to accommodate spent nuclear fuel and
high-level radioactive waste resulting from
civilian nuclear activities;
(B) to permit continuous monitoring,
management, and maintenance of such spent fuel
and waste for the foreseeable future;
(C) to provide for the ready retrieval of
such spent fuel and waste for further processing
or disposal; and
(D) to safely store such spent fuel and
waste as long as may be necessary by maintaining
such facility through appropriate means,
including any required replacement of such
facility.
(2) Such proposal shall include--
(A) the establishment of a Federal program
for the siting, development, construction, and
operation of facilities capable of safely
storing high-level radioactive waste and spent
nuclear fuel, which facilities are to be
licensed by the Commission;
(B) a plan for the funding of the
construction and operation of such facilities,
which plan shall provide that the costs of such
activities shall be borne by the generators and
owners of the high-level
[[Page 477]]
radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel to be
stored in such facilities;
(C) site-specific designs, specifications,
and cost estimates sufficient to (i) solicit
bids for the construction of the first such
facility; (ii) support congressional
authorization of the construction of such
facility; and (iii) enable completion and
operation of such facility as soon as
practicable following congressional
authorization of such facility; and
(D) a plan for integrating facilities
constructed pursuant to this section with other
storage and disposal facilities authorized in
this chapter.
(3) In formulating such proposal, the Secretary shall
consult with the Commission and the Administrator, and shall
submit their comments on such proposal to the Congress at
the time such proposal is submitted.
(4) The proposal shall include, for the first such
facility, at least 3 alternative sites and at least 5
alternative combinations of such proposed sites and facility
designs consistent with the criteria of paragraph (1). The
Secretary shall recommend the combination among the
alternatives that the Secretary deems preferable. The
environmental assessment under subsection (c) shall include
a full analysis of the relative advantages and disadvantages
of all 5 such alternative combinations of proposed sites and
proposed facility designs.
(c) Environmental impact statements
(1) Preparation and submission to the Congress of the
proposal required in this section shall not require the
preparation of an environmental impact statement under
section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act
of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332(2)(C)). The Secretary shall prepare,
in accordance with regulations issued by the Secretary
implementing such Act [42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.], an
environmental assessment with respect to such proposal. Such
environmental assessment shall be based upon available
information regarding alternative technologies for the
storage of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive
waste. The Secretary shall submit such environmental
assessment to the Congress at the time such proposal is
submitted.
(2) If the Congress by law, after review of the proposal
submitted by the Secretary under subsection (b),
specifically authorizes construction of a monitored
retrievable storage facility, the requirements of the
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et
seq.) shall apply with respect to construction of such
facility, except that any environmental impact statement
prepared with respect to such facility shall not be required
to consider the need for such facility or any alternative to
the design criteria for such facility set forth in
subsection (b)(1).
(d) Licensing
Any facility authorized pursuant to this section shall
be subject to licensing under section 5842(3) of this title.
In reviewing the application filed by the Secretary for
licensing of the first such facility, the Commission may not
consider the need for such facility or any alternative to
the design criteria for such facility set forth in
subsection (b)(1).
(e) Clarification
Nothing in this section limits the consideration of
alternative facility designs consistent with the criteria of
paragraph (b)(1) in any environ
[[Page 478]]
mental impact statement, or in any licensing procedure of
the Commission, with respect to any monitored, retrievable
facility authorized pursuant to this section.
(f) Impact assistance
(1) Upon receipt by the Secretary of congressional
authorization to construct a facility described in
subsection (b), the Secretary shall commence making annual
impact aid payments to appropriate units of general local
government in order to mitigate any social or economic
impacts resulting from the construction and subsequent
operation of any such facility within the jurisdictional
boundaries of any such unit.
(2) Payments made available to units of general local
government under this subsection shall be--
(A) allocated in a fair and equitable
manner, with priority given to units of general
local government determined by the Secretary to
be most severely affected; and
(B) utilized by units of general local
government only for planning, construction,
maintenance, and provision of public services
related to the siting of such facility.
(3) Such payments shall be subject to such terms and
conditions as the Secretary determines are necessary to
ensure achievement of the purposes of this subsection. The
Secretary shall issue such regulations as may be necessary
to carry out the provisions of this subsection.
(4) Such payments shall be made available entirely from
funds held in the Nuclear Waste Fund established in section
10222(c) of this title and shall be available only to the
extent provided in advance in appropriation Acts.
(5) The Secretary may consult with appropriate units of
general local government in advance of commencement of
construction of any such facility in an effort to determine
the level of payments each such unit is eligible to receive
under this subsection.
(g) Limitation
No monitored retrievable storage facility developed
pursuant to this section may be constructed in any State in
which there is located any site approved for site
characterization under section 10132 of this title. The
restriction in the preceding sentence shall only apply until
such time as the Secretary decides that such candidate site
is no longer a candidate site under consideration for
development as a repository. Such restriction shall continue
to apply to any site selected for construction as a
repository.
(h) Participation of States and Indian tribes
Any facility authorized pursuant to this section shall
be subject to the provisions of sections 10135, 10136(a),
10136(b), 10136(d), 10137, and 10138 of this title. For
purposes of carrying out the provisions of this subsection,
any reference in sections 10135 through 10138 of this title
to a repository shall be considered to refer to a monitored
retrievable storage facility. (Pub. L. 97-425, Title I,
Sec. 141, Jan. 7, 1983, 96 Stat. 2241.)
[[Page 479]]
402 Sec. 10165. Site selection
(a) In general
The Secretary may select the site evaluated under
section 10164 of this title that the Secretary determines on
the basis of available information to be the most suitable
for a monitored retrievable storage facility that is an
integral part of the system for the disposal of spent
nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste established
under this chapter. (Pub. L. 97-425, Title I, Sec. 145, as
added Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(d) [Title III, Sec. 300],
Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-104, 1329-121; Pub. L. 100-
203, Title V, Sec. 5021, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-234.)
* * * * * * *
403 Sec. 10166. Notice of disapproval
(a) In general
The selection of a site under section 10165 of this
title shall be effective at the end of the period of 60
calendar days beginning on the date of notification under
such subsection, unless the governing body of the Indian
tribe on whose reservation such site is located, or, if the
site is not on a reservation, the Governor and the
legislature of the State in which the site is located, has
submitted to Congress a notice of disapproval with respect
to such site. If any such notice of disapproval has been
submitted under this subsection, the selection of the site
under section 10165 of this title shall not be effective
except as provided under section 10135(c) of this title.
(b) References
For purposes of carrying out the provisions of this
subsection, references in section 10135(c) of this title to
a repository shall be considered to refer to a monitored
retrievable storage facility and references to a notice of
disapproval of a repository site designation under section
10136(b) or 10138(a) of this title shall be considered to
refer to a notice of disapproval under this section. (Pub.
L. 97-425, Title I, Sec. 146, as added Pub. L. 100-202,
Sec. 101(d) [Title III, Sec. 300], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat.
1329-104, 1329-121; Pub. L. 100-203, Title V, Sec. 5021,
Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330-235.)
404 Sec. 10222. Nuclear Waste Fund
(a) Contracts
(1) In the performance of his functions under this
chapter, the Secretary is authorized to enter into contracts
with any person who generates or holds title to high-level
radioactive waste, or spent nuclear fuel, of domestic origin
for the acceptance of title, subsequent transportation, and
disposal of such waste or spent fuel. Such contracts shall
provide for payment to the Secretary of fees pursuant to
paragraphs (2) and (3) sufficient to offset expenditures
described in subsection (d).
(2) For electricity generated by a civilian nuclear
power reactor and sold on or after the date 90 days after
January 7, 1983, the fee under paragraph (1) shall be equal
to 1.0 mil per kilowatt-hour.
(3) For spent nuclear fuel, or solidified high-level
radioactive waste derived from spent nuclear fuel, which
fuel was used to generate electricity in a civilian nuclear
power reactor prior to the application of the fee under
paragraph (2) to such reactor, the Secretary shall, not
[[Page 480]]
later than 90 days after January 7, 1983, establish a 1 time
fee per kilogram of heavy metal in spent nuclear fuel, or in
solidified high-level radioactive waste. Such fee shall be
in an amount equivalent to an average charge of 1.0 mil per
kilowatt-hour for electricity generated by such spent
nuclear fuel, or such solidified high-level waste derived
therefrom, to be collected from any person delivering such
spent nuclear fuel or high-level waste, pursuant to section
10143 of this title, to the Federal Government. Such fee
shall be paid to the Treasury of the United States and shall
be deposited in the separate fund established by subsection
(c). In paying such a fee, the person delivering spent fuel,
or solidified high-level radioactive wastes derived
therefrom, to the Federal Government shall have no further
financial obligation to the Federal Government for the long-
term storage and permanent disposal of such spent fuel, or
the solidified high-level radioactive waste derived
therefrom.
(4) Not later than 180 days after January 7, 1983, the
Secretary shall establish procedures for the collection and
payment of the fees established by paragraph (2) and
paragraph (3). The Secretary shall annually review the
amount of the fees established by paragraphs (2) and (3)
above to evaluate whether collection of the fee will provide
sufficient revenues to offset the costs as defined in
subsection (d) herein. In the event the Secretary determines
that either insufficient or excess revenues are being
collected, in order to recover the costs incurred by the
Federal Government that are specified in subsection (d), the
Secretary shall propose an adjustment to the fee to insure
full cost recovery. The Secretary shall immediately transmit
this proposal for such an adjustment to Congress. The
adjusted fee proposed by the Secretary shall be effective
after a period of 90 days of continuous session have elapsed
following the receipt of such transmittal unless during such
90-day period either House of Congress adopts a resolution
disapproving the Secretary's proposed adjustment in
accordance with the procedures set forth for congressional
review of an energy action under section 6421 of this title.
(Pub. L. 97-425, Title III, Sec. 302, Jan. 7, 1983, 96 Stat.
2257.)
* * * * * * *
43 u.s.c.--public lands
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 481]]
TITLE 43--PUBLIC LANDS
Chapter 29--SUBMERGED LANDS
405 Sec. 1337. Leases, easements, and rights-of-way on the outer
Continental Shelf
* * * * * * *
(4)(A) The Secretary of Energy shall submit any bidding
system authorized in subparagraph (H) of paragraph (1) to
the Senate and House of Representatives. The Secretary may
institute such bidding system unless either the Senate or
the House of Representatives passes a resolution of
disapproval within thirty days after receipt of the bidding
system.
(B) Subparagraphs (C) through (J) of this paragraph are
enacted by Congress--
(i) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such they are deemed a part
of the rules of each House, respectively, but
they are applicable only with respect to the
procedures to be followed in that House in the
case of resolutions described by this paragraph,
and they supersede other rules only to the
extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and
(ii) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rules (so far as relating to the procedure
of that House) at any time, in the same manner,
and to the same extent as in the case of any
other rule of that House.
(C) A resolution disapproving a bidding system submitted
pursuant to this paragraph shall immediately be referred to
a committee (and all resolutions with respect to the same
request shall be referred to the same committee) by the
President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, as the case may be.
(D) If the committee to which has been referred any
resolution disapproving the bidding system of the Secretary
has not reported the resolution at the end of ten calendar
days after its referral, it shall be in order to move either
to discharge the committee from further consideration of the
resolution or to discharge the committee from further
consideration of any other resolution with respect to the
same bidding system which has been referred to the
committee.
(E) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported a resolution with respect to the same
recommendation), and debate thereon shall be limited to not
more than one hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to.
(F) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same bidding system.
[[Page 482]]
(G) When the committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution as
provided in this paragraph, it shall be at any time
thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to the
same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the
consideration of the resolution. The motion shall be highly
privileged and shall not be debatable. An amendment to the
motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order
to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed
to or disagreed to.
(H) Debate on the resolution is limited to not more than
two hours, to be divided equally between those favoring and
those opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit
debate is not debatable. An amendment to, or motion to
recommit, the resolution is not in order, and it is not in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the resolution
is agreed to or disagreed to.
(I) Motions to postpone, made with respect to the
discharge from the committee, or the consideration of a
resolution with respect to a bidding system, and motions to
proceed to the consideration of other business, shall be
decided without debate.
(J) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure
relating to a resolution with respect to a bidding system
shall be decided without debate. (Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 345,
Sec. 8, 67 Stat. 468; Pub. L. 95-372, Title II, Sec. 205(a),
(b), Sept. 18, 1978, 92 Stat. 640, 644; Pub. L. 99-272,
Title VIII, Sec. 8003, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 148; Pub. L.
100-202, Sec. 101(g) [Title I, Sec. 100], Dec. 22, 1987, 101
Stat. 1329-213, 1329-225; Pub. L. 103-426, Sec. 1(a), Oct.
31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4371; Pub. L. 104-58, Title III,
Sec. Sec. 302, 303, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 563, 565; Pub.
L. 105-362, Title IX, Sec. 901(k), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat.
3290; Pub. L. 106-53, Title II, Sec. 215(b)(1), Aug. 17,
1999, 113 Stat. 292; Pub. L. 109-58, Title III,
Sec. Sec. 346, 388(a), (c), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 704,
744, 747.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 35--FEDERAL LAND POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
406 Sec. 1712. Land use plans
(a) Development, maintenance, and revision by Secretary
The Secretary shall, with public involvement and
consistent with the terms and conditions of this Act,
develop, maintain, and, when appropriate, revise land use
plans which provide by tracts or areas for the use of the
public lands. Land use plans shall be developed for the
public lands regardless of whether such lands previously
have been classified, withdrawn, set aside, or otherwise
designated for one or more uses.
(b) Coordination of plans for National Forest System lands
with Indian land use planning and management programs
for purposes of development and revision
In the development and revision of land use plans, the
Secretary of Agriculture shall coordinate land use plans for
lands in the National Forest System with the land use
planning and management programs of and for Indian tribes
by, among other things, considering the policies of approved
tribal land resource management programs.
[[Page 483]]
(c) Criteria for development and revision
In the development and revision of land use plans, the
Secretary shall--
(1) use and observe the principles of
multiple use and sustained yield set forth in
this and other applicable law;
(2) use a systematic interdisciplinary
approach to achieve integrated consideration of
physical, biological, economic, and other
sciences;
(3) give priority to the designation and
protection of areas of critical environmental
concern;
(4) rely, to the extent it is available, on
the inventory of the public lands, their
resources, and other values;
(5) consider present and potential uses of
the public lands;
(6) consider the relative scarcity of the
values involved and the availability of
alternative means (including recycling) and
sites for realization of those values;
(7) weigh long-term benefits to the public
against short-term benefits;
(8) provide for compliance with applicable
pollution control laws, including State and
Federal air, water, noise, or other pollution
standards or implementation plans; and
(9) to the extent consistent with the laws
governing the administration of the public
lands, coordinate the land use inventory,
planning, and management activities of or for
such lands with the land use planning and
management programs of other Federal departments
and agencies and of the States and local
governments within which the lands are located,
including, but not limited to, the statewide
outdoor recreation plans developed under chapter
2003 of title 54, and of or for Indian tribes
by, among other things, considering the policies
of approved State and tribal land resource
management programs. In implementing this
directive, the Secretary shall, to the extent he
finds practical, keep apprised of State, local,
and tribal land use plans; assure that
consideration is given to those State, local,
and tribal plans that are germane in the
development of land use plans for public lands;
assist in resolving, to the extent practical,
inconsistencies between Federal and non-Federal
Government plans, and shall provide for
meaningful public involvement of State and local
government officials, both elected and
appointed, in the development of land use
programs, land use regulations, and land use
decisions for public lands, including early
public notice of proposed decisions which may
have a significant impact on non-Federal lands.
Such officials in each State are authorized to
furnish advice to the Secretary with respect to
the development and revision of land use plans,
land use guidelines, land use rules, and land
use regulations for the public lands within such
State and with respect to such other land use
matters as may be referred to them by him. Land
use plans of the Secretary under this section
shall be consistent with State and local plans
to the maximum extent he finds consistent with
Federal law and the purposes of this Act.
[[Page 484]]
(d) Review and inclusion of classified public lands; review
of existing land use plans; modification and termination
of classifications
Any classification of public lands or any land use plan
in effect on October 21, 1976, is subject to review in the
land use planning process conducted under this section, and
all public lands, regardless of classification, are subject
to inclusion in any land use plan developed pursuant to this
section. The Secretary may modify or terminate any such
classification consistent with such land use plans.
(e) Management decisions for implementation of developed or
revised plans
The Secretary may issue management decisions to
implement land use plans developed or revised under this
section in accordance with the following:
(1) Such decisions, including but not
limited to exclusions (that is, total
elimination) of one or more of the principal or
major uses made by a management decision shall
remain subject to reconsideration, modification,
and termination through revision by the
Secretary or his delegate, under the provisions
of this section, of the land use plan involved.
(2) Any management decision or action
pursuant to a management decision that excludes
(that is, totally eliminates) one or more of the
principal or major uses for two or more years
with respect to a tract of land of one hundred
thousand acres or more shall be reported by the
Secretary to the House of Representatives and
the Senate. If within ninety days from the
giving of such notice (exclusive of days on
which either House has adjourned for more than
three consecutive days), the Congress adopts a
concurrent resolution of nonapproval of the
management decision or action, then the
management decision or action shall be promptly
terminated by the Secretary. If the committee to
which a resolution has been referred during the
said ninety day period, has not reported it at
the end of thirty calendar days after its
referral, it shall be in order to either
discharge the committee from further
consideration of such resolution or to discharge
the committee from consideration of any other
resolution with respect to the management
decision or action. A motion to discharge may be
made only by an individual favoring the
resolution, shall be highly privileged (except
that it may not be made after the committee has
reported such a resolution), and debate thereon
shall be limited to not more than one hour, to
be divided equally between those favoring and
those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion shall not be in order, and it shall
not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed
to. If the motion to discharge is agreed to or
disagreed to, the motion may not be made with
respect to any other resolution with respect to
the same management decision or action. When the
committee has reprinted, or has been discharged
from further consideration of a resolution, it
shall at any time thereafter be in order (even
though a previous motion to the same effect has
been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the
consideration of the resolution. The motion
shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion
[[Page 485]]
shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which
the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(3) Withdrawals made pursuant to section
1714 of this title may be used in carrying out
management decisions, but public lands shall be
removed from or restored to the operation of the
Mining Law of 1872, as amended (R.S. 2318-2352;
30 U.S.C. 21 et seq.) or transferred to another
department, bureau, or agency only by withdrawal
action pursuant to section 1714 of this title or
other action pursuant to applicable law:
Provided, That nothing in this section shall
prevent a wholly owned Government corporation
from acquiring and holding rights as a citizen
under the Mining Law of 1872.
(f) Procedures applicable to formulation of plans and
programs for public land management
The Secretary shall allow an opportunity for public
involvement and by regulation shall establish procedures,
including public hearings where appropriate, to give
Federal, State, and local governments and the public,
adequate notice and opportunity to comment upon and
participate in the formulation of plans and programs
relating to the management of the public lands. (Pub. L. 94-
579, Title II, Sec. 202, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2747; Pub.
L. 113-287, Sec. 5(l)(6), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3271.)
407 Sec. 1713. Sales of public land tracts
(a) Criteria for disposal; excepted lands
A tract of the public lands (except land in units of the
National Wilderness Preservation System, National Wild and
Scenic Rivers Systems, and National System of Trails) may be
sold under this Act where, as a result of land use planning
required under section 1712 of this title, the Secretary
determines that the sale of such tract meets the following
disposal criteria:
(1) such tract because of its location or
other characteristics is difficult and
uneconomic to manage as part of the public
lands, and is not suitable for management by
another Federal department or agency; or
(2) such tract was acquired for a specific
purpose and the tract is no longer required for
that or any other Federal purpose; or
(3) disposal of such tract will serve
important public objectives, including but not
limited to, expansion of communities and
economic development, which cannot be achieved
prudently or feasibly on land other than public
land and which outweigh other public objectives
and values, including, but not limited to,
recreation and scenic values, which would be
served by maintaining such tract in Federal
ownership.
(b) Conveyance of land of agricultural value and desert in
character
Where the Secretary determines that land to be conveyed
under clause (3) of subsection (a) of this section is of
agricultural value and is desert in character, such land
shall be conveyed either under the sale authority of this
section or in accordance with other existing law.
[[Page 486]]
(c) Congressional approval procedures applicable to tracts
in excess of two thousand five hundred acres
Where a tract of the public lands in excess of two
thousand five hundred acres has been designated for sale,
such sale may be made only after the end of the ninety days
(not counting days on which the House of Representatives or
the Senate has adjourned for more than three consecutive
days) beginning on the day the Secretary has submitted
notice of such designation to the Senate and the House of
Representatives, and then only if the Congress has not
adopted a concurrent resolution stating that such House does
not approve of such designation. If the committee to which a
resolution has been referred during the said ninety day
period, has not reported it at the end of thirty calendar
days after its referral, it shall be in order to either
discharge the committee from further consideration of such
resolution or to discharge the committee from consideration
of any other resolution with respect to the designation. A
motion to discharge may be made only by an individual
favoring the resolution, shall be highly privileged (except
that it may not be made after the committee has reported
such a resolution), and debate thereon shall be limited to
not more than one hour, to be divided equally between those
favoring and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to
the motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in
order to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to. If the motion to discharge is
agreed to or disagreed to, the motion may not be made with
respect to any other resolution with respect to the same
designation. When the committee has reprinted, or has been
discharged from further consideration of a resolution, it
shall at any time thereafter be in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(d) Sale price
Sales of public lands shall be made at a price not less
than their fair market value as determined by the Secretary.
(e) Maximum size of tracts
The Secretary shall determine and establish the size of
tracts of public lands to be sold on the basis of the land
use capabilities and development requirements of the lands;
and, where any such tract which is judged by the Secretary
to be chiefly valuable for agriculture is sold, its size
shall be no larger than necessary to support a family-sized
farm.
(f) Competitive bidding requirements
Sales of public lands under this section shall be
conducted under competitive bidding procedures to be
established by the Secretary. However, where the Secretary
determines it necessary and proper in order (1) to assure
equitable distribution among purchasers of lands, or (2) to
recognize equitable considerations or public policies,
including but not limited to, a preference to users, he may
sell those lands with modified competitive bidding or
without competitive bidding. In recog
[[Page 487]]
nizing public policies, the Secretary shall give
consideration to the following potential purchasers:
(1) the State in which the land is located;
(2) the local government entities in such
State which are in the vicinity of the land;
(3) adjoining landowners;
(4) individuals; and
(5) any other person.
(g) Acceptance or rejection of offers to purchase
The Secretary shall accept or reject, in writing, any
offer to purchase made through competitive bidding at his
invitation no later than thirty days after the receipt of
such offer or, in the case of a tract in excess of two
thousand five hundred acres, at the end of thirty days after
the end of the ninety-day period provided in subsection (c)
of this section, whichever is later, unless the offeror
waives his right to a decision within such thirty-day
period. Prior to the expiration of such periods the
Secretary may refuse to accept any offer or may withdraw any
land or interest in land from sale under this section when
he determines that consummation of the sale would not be
consistent with this Act or other applicable law. (Pub. L.
94-579, Title II, Sec. 203, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2750.)
408 Sec. 1714. Withdrawals of lands
(a) Authorization and limitation; delegation of authority
On and after the effective date of this Act the
Secretary is authorized to make, modify, extend, or revoke
withdrawals but only in accordance with the provisions and
limitations of this section. The Secretary may delegate this
withdrawal authority only to individuals in the Office of
the Secretary who have been appointed by the President, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(b) Application and procedures applicable subsequent to
submission of application
(1) Within thirty days of receipt of an application for
withdrawal, and whenever he proposes a withdrawal on his own
motion, the Secretary shall publish a notice in the Federal
Register stating that the application has been submitted for
filing or the proposal has been made and the extent to which
the land is to be segregated while the application is being
considered by the Secretary. Upon publication of such notice
the land shall be segregated from the operation of the
public land laws to the extent specified in the notice. The
segregative effect of the application shall terminate upon
(a) rejection of the application by the Secretary, (b)
withdrawal of lands by the Secretary, or (c) the expiration
of two years from the date of the notice.
(2) The publication provisions of this subsection are
not applicable to withdrawals under subsection (e) hereof.
(c) Congressional approval procedures applicable to
withdrawals aggregating five thousand acres or more
(1) On and after October 21, 1976, a withdrawal
aggregating five thousand acres or more may be made (or such
a withdrawal or any other withdrawal involving in the
aggregate five thousand acres or more which terminates after
such date of approval may be extended) only
[[Page 488]]
for a period of not more than twenty years by the Secretary
on his own motion or upon request by a department or agency
head. The Secretary shall notify both Houses of Congress of
such a withdrawal no later than its effective date and the
withdrawal shall terminate and become ineffective at the end
of ninety days (not counting days on which the Senate or the
House of Representatives has adjourned for more than three
consecutive days) beginning on the day notice of such
withdrawal has been submitted to the Senate and the House of
Representatives, if the Congress has adopted a concurrent
resolution stating that such House does not approve the
withdrawal. If the committee to which a resolution has been
referred during the said ninety day period, has not reported
it at the end of thirty calendar days after its referral, it
shall be in order to either discharge the committee from
further consideration of such resolution or to discharge the
committee from consideration of any other resolution with
respect to the Presidential recommendation. A motion to
discharge may be made only by an individual favoring the
resolution, shall be highly privileged (except that it may
not be made after the committee has reported such a
resolution), and debate thereon shall be limited to not more
than one hour, to be divided equally between those favoring
and those opposing the resolution. An amendment to the
motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order
to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to. If the motion to discharge is
agreed to or disagreed to, the motion may not be made with
respect to any other resolution with respect to the same
Presidential recommendation. When the committee has
reprinted, or has been discharged from further consideration
of a resolution, it shall at any time thereafter be in order
(even though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the
resolution. The motion shall be highly privileged and shall
not be debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in
order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
(2) With the notices required by subsection (c)(1) of
this section and within three months after filing the notice
under subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary shall
furnish to the committees--
(1) a clear explanation of the proposed use
of the land involved which led to the
withdrawal;
(2) an inventory and evaluation of the
current natural resource uses and values of the
site and adjacent public and nonpublic land and
how it appears they will be affected by the
proposed use, including particularly aspects of
use that might cause degradation of the
environment, and also the economic impact of the
change in use on individuals, local communities,
and the Nation;
(3) an identification of present users of
the land involved, and how they will be affected
by the proposed use;
(4) an analysis of the manner in which
existing and potential resource uses are
incompatible with or in conflict with the
proposed use, together with a statement of the
provisions to be made for continuation or
termination of existing uses, including an
economic analysis of such continuation or
termination;
(5) an analysis of the manner in which such
lands will be used in relation to the specific
requirements for the proposed use;
[[Page 489]]
(6) a statement as to whether any suitable
alternative sites are available (including cost
estimates) for the proposed use or for uses such
a withdrawal would displace;
(7) a statement of the consultation which
has been or will be had with other Federal
departments and agencies, with regional, State,
and local government bodies, and with other
appropriate individuals and groups;
(8) a statement indicating the effect of the
proposed uses, if any, on State and local
government interests and the regional economy;
(9) a statement of the expected length of
time needed for the withdrawal;
(10) the time and place of hearings and of
other public involvement concerning such
withdrawal;
(11) the place where the records on the
withdrawal can be examined by interested
parties; and
(12) a report prepared by a qualified mining
engineer, engineering geologist, or geologist
which shall include but not be limited to
information on: general geology, known mineral
deposits, past and present mineral production,
mining claims, mineral leases, evaluation of
future mineral potential, present and potential
market demands.
(d) Withdrawals aggregating less than five thousand acres;
procedure applicable
A withdrawal aggregating less than five thousand acres
may be made under this subsection by the Secretary on his
own motion or upon request by a department or an agency
head--
(1) for such period of time as he deems
desirable for a resource use; or
(2) for a period of not more than twenty
years for any other use, including but not
limited to use for administrative sites,
location of facilities, and other proprietary
purposes; or
(3) for a period of not more than five years
to preserve such tract for a specific use then
under consideration by the Congress.
(e) Emergency withdrawals; procedure applicable; duration
When the Secretary determines, or when the Committee on
Natural Resources of the House of Representatives or the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate
notifies the Secretary, that an emergency situation exists
and that extraordinary measures must be taken to preserve
values that would otherwise be lost, the Secretary
notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (c)(1) and (d)
of this section, shall immediately make a withdrawal and
file notice of such emergency withdrawal with both of those
Committees. Such emergency withdrawal shall be effective
when made but shall last only for a period not to exceed
three years and may not be extended except under the
provisions of subsection (c)(1) or (d), whichever is
applicable, and (b)(1) of this section. The information
required in subsection (c)(2) of this subsection shall be
furnished the committees within three months after filing
such notice.
(f) Review of existing withdrawals and extensions; procedure
applicable to extensions; duration
All withdrawals and extensions thereof, whether made
prior to or after October 21, 1976, having a specific period
shall be reviewed by
[[Page 490]]
the Secretary toward the end of the withdrawal period and
may be extended or further extended only upon compliance
with the provisions of subsection (c)(1) or (d), whichever
is applicable, and only if the Secretary determines that the
purpose for which the withdrawal was first made requires the
extension, and then only for a period no longer than the
length of the original withdrawal period. The Secretary
shall report on such review and extensions to the Committee
on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate.
(g) Processing and adjudication of existing applications
All applications for withdrawal pending on October 21,
1976 shall be processed and adjudicated to conclusion within
fifteen years of October 21, 1976, in accordance with the
provisions of this section. The segregative effect of any
application not so processed shall terminate on that date.
(h) Public hearing required for new withdrawals
All new withdrawals made by the Secretary under this
section (except an emergency withdrawal made under
subsection (e) of this section) shall be promulgated after
an opportunity for a public hearing.
(i) Consent for withdrawal of lands under administration of
department or agency other than Department of the
Interior
In the case of lands under the administration of any
department or agency other than the Department of the
Interior, the Secretary shall make, modify, and revoke
withdrawals only with the consent of the head of the
department or agency concerned, except when the provisions
of subsection (e) of this section apply.
(j) Applicability of other Federal laws withdrawing lands as
limiting authority
The Secretary shall not make, modify, or revoke any
withdrawal created by Act of Congress; make a withdrawal
which can be made only by Act of Congress; modify or revoke
any withdrawal creating national monuments under chapter
3203 of title 54; or modify, or revoke any withdrawal which
added lands to the National Wildlife Refuge System prior to
October 21, 1976, or which thereafter adds lands to that
System under the terms of this Act. Nothing in this Act is
intended to modify or change any provision of the Act of
February 27, 1976 (90 Stat. 199; 16 U.S.C. 668dd(a)).
(k) Authorization of appropriations for processing
applications
There is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of
$10,000,000 for the purpose of processing withdrawal
applications pending on the effective date of this Act, to
be available until expended.
(l) Review of existing withdrawals in certain States;
procedure applicable for determination of future status
of lands; authorization of appropriations
(1) The Secretary shall, within fifteen years of October
21, 1976, review withdrawals existing on October 21, 1976,
in the States of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and
Wyoming of (1) all Federal lands other than withdrawals of
the public lands administered by the Bureau of Land
Management and of lands which, on October 21, 1976, were
part of
[[Page 491]]
Indian reservations and other Indian holdings, the National
Forest System, the National Park System, the National
Wildlife Refuge System, other lands administered by the Fish
and Wildlife Service or the Secretary through the Fish and
Wildlife Service, the National Wild and Scenic Rivers
System, and the National System of Trails; and (2) all
public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management
and of lands in the National Forest System (except those in
wilderness areas, and those areas formally identified as
primitive or natural areas or designated as national
recreation areas) which closed the lands to appropriation
under the Mining Law of 1872 (17 Stat. 91, as amended; 30
U.S.C. 22 et seq.) or to leasing under the Mineral Leasing
Act of 1920 (41 Stat. 437, as amended; 30 U.S.C. 181 et
seq.).
(2) In the review required by paragraph (1) of this
subsection, the Secretary shall determine whether, and for
how long, the continuation of the existing withdrawal of the
lands would be, in his judgment, consistent with the
statutory objectives of the programs for which the lands
were dedicated and of the other relevant programs. The
Secretary shall report his recommendations to the President,
together with statements of concurrence or nonconcurrence
submitted by the heads of the departments or agencies which
administer the lands. The President shall transmit this
report to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, together with his recommendations
for action by the Secretary, or for legislation. The
Secretary may act to terminate withdrawals other than those
made by Act of the Congress in accordance with the
recommendations of the President unless before the end of
ninety days (not counting days on which the Senate and the
House of Representatives has adjourned for more than three
consecutive days) beginning on the day the report of the
President has been submitted to the Senate and the House of
Representatives the Congress has adopted a concurrent
resolution indicating otherwise. If the committee to which a
resolution has been referred during the said ninety day
period, has not reported it at the end of thirty calendar
days after its referral, it shall be in order to either
discharge the committee from further consideration of such
resolution or to discharge the committee from consideration
of any other resolution with respect to the Presidential
recommendation. A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported such a resolution), and debate
thereon shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be
divided equally between those favoring and those opposing
the resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not be in
order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed to, the
motion may not be made with respect to any other resolution
with respect to the same Presidential recommendation. When
the committee has reprinted, or has been discharged from
further consideration of a resolution, it shall at any time
thereafter be in order (even though a previous motion to the
same effect has been disagreed to) to move to proceed to the
consideration of the resolution. The motion shall be highly
privileged and shall not be debatable. An amendment to the
motion shall not be in order, and it shall not be in order
to move to reconsider the vote by which the motion was
agreed to or disagreed to.
[[Page 492]]
(3) There are hereby authorized to be appropriated not
more than $10,000,000 for the purpose of paragraph (1) of
this subsection to be available until expended to the
Secretary and to the heads of other departments and agencies
which will be involved. (Pub. L. 94-579, Title II, Sec. 204,
Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2751; Pub. L. 103-437,
Sec. 16(d)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4594; Pub. L. 113-
287, Sec. 5(l)(7), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3271.)
409 Sec. 1722. Sale of public lands subject to unintentional
trespass
(a) Preference right of contiguous landowners; offering
price
Notwithstanding the provisions of the Act of September
26, 1968 (82 Stat. 870; 43 U.S.C. 1431-1435), hereinafter
called the ``1968 Act'', with respect to applications under
the 1968 Act which were pending before the Secretary as of
the effective date of this subsection and which he approves
for sale under the criteria prescribed by the 1968 Act, he
shall give the right of first refusal to those having a
preference right under section 2 of the 1968 Act [43 U.S.C.
1432]. The Secretary shall offer such lands to such
preference right holders at their fair market value
(exclusive of any values added to the land by such holders
and their predecessors in interest) as determined by the
Secretary as of September 26, 1973.
(b) Procedures applicable
Within three years after October 21, 1976, the Secretary
shall notify the filers of applications subject to paragraph
(a) of this section whether he will offer them the lands
applied for and at what price; that is, their fair market
value as of September 26, 1973, excluding any value added to
the lands by the applicants or their predecessors in
interest. He will also notify the President of the Senate
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the lands
which he has determined not to sell pursuant to paragraph
(a) of this section and the reasons therefor. With respect
to such lands which the Secretary determined not to sell, he
shall take no other action to convey those lands or
interests in them before the end of ninety days (not
counting days on which the House of Representatives or the
Senate has adjourned for more than three consecutive days)
beginning on the date the Secretary has submitted such
notice to the Senate and House of Representatives. If,
during that ninety-day period, the Congress adopts a
concurrent resolution stating the length of time such
suspension of action should continue, he shall continue such
suspension for the specified time period. If the committee
to which a resolution has been referred during the said
ninety-day period, has not reported it at the end of thirty
calendar days after its referral, it shall be in order to
either discharge the committee from further consideration of
such resolution or to discharge the committee from
consideration of any other resolution with respect to the
suspension of action. A motion to discharge may be made only
by an individual favoring the resolution, shall be highly
privileged (except that it may not be made after the
committee has reported such a resolution), and debate
thereon shall be limited to not more than one hour, to be
divided equally between those favoring and those opposing
the resolution. An amendment to the motion shall not be in
order, and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to.
If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed to, the
motion may not be made with respect
[[Page 493]]
to any other resolution with respect to the same suspension
of action. When the committee has reprinted, or has been
discharged from further consideration of a resolution, it
shall at any time thereafter be in order (even though a
previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to
move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The
motion shall be highly privileged and shall not be
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall not be in order,
and it shall not be in order to move to reconsider the vote
by which the motion was agreed to or disagreed to. (Pub. L.
94-579, Title II, Sec. 214, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2760.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 38--CRUDE OIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
410 Sec. 2008. Procedures for waiver of Federal law
(a) Waiver of provisions of Federal law
The President may identify those provisions of Federal
law (including any law or laws regarding the location of a
crude oil transportation system but not including any
provision of the antitrust laws) which, in the national
interest, as determined by the President, should be waived
in whole or in part to facilitate construction or operation
of any such system approved under section 2007 of this title
or of the Long Beach-Midland project, and he shall submit
any such proposed waiver to both Houses of the Congress. The
provisions so identified shall be waived with respect to
actions to be taken to construct or operate such system or
project only upon enactment of a joint resolution within the
first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of
Congress beginning on the date of receipt by the House of
Representatives and the Senate of such proposal.
(b) Joint resolution
The resolving clause of the joint resolution referred to
in subsection (a) is as follows: ``That the House of
Representatives and Senate approve the waiver of the
provisions of law ( ) as proposed by the President,
submitted to the Congress on _____, 19__.''. The first blank
space therein being filled with the citation to the
provisions of law proposed to be waived by the President and
the second blank space therein being filled with the date on
which the President submits his decision to wave \25\ such
provisions of law to the House of Representatives and the
Senate. Rules and procedures for consideration of any such
joint resolution shall be governed by section 719f(c) and
(d) of title 15, other than paragraph (2) of section 719f(d)
of title 15, except that for the purposes of this
subsection, the phrase ``a waiver of provisions of law''
shall be substituted in section 719f(d) of title 15 each
place where the phrase ``an Alaska natural gas
transportation system'' appears. (Pub. L. 95-617, Title V,
Sec. 508, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3162.)
\25\ So in original. Probably should be ``waive.''
48 u.s.c.--territories and insular possessions
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 494]]
TITLE 48--TERRITORIES AND INSULAR POSSESSIONS
Chapter 18--MICRONESIA, MARSHALL ISLANDS, AND PALAU
411 Sec. 1901. Approval of Compact of Free Association
(a) Federated States of Micronesia
The Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of
this joint resolution between the United States and the
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia is hereby
approved, and Congress hereby consents to the subsidiary
agreements as set forth on pages 115 through 391 of House
Document 98-192 of March 30, 1984, as they relate to such
Government. Subject to the provisions of this joint
resolution, the President is authorized to agree, in
accordance with section 411 of the Compact, to an effective
date for and thereafter to implement such Compact, having
taken into account any procedures with respect to the United
Nations for termination of the Trusteeship Agreement.
(b) Marshall Islands
The Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of
this joint resolution between the United States and the
Government of the Marshall Islands is hereby approved, and
Congress hereby consents to the subsidiary agreements as set
forth on pages 115 through 391 of House Document 98-192 of
March 30, 1984, as they relate to such Government. Subject
to the provisions of this joint resolution, the President is
authorized to agree, in accordance with section 411 of the
Compact, to an effective date for and thereafter to
implement such Compact, having taken into account any
procedures with respect to the United Nations for
termination of the Trusteeship Agreement.
(c) Reference to Compact
Any reference in this joint resolution to ``the
Compact'' shall be treated as a reference to the Compact of
Free Association set forth in title II of this joint
resolution.
(d) Amendment, change, or termination in Compact and certain
agreements
(1) Mutual agreement by the Government of the United
States as provided in the Compact which results in
amendment, change, or termination of all or any part thereof
shall be effected only by Act of Congress and no unilateral
action by the Government of the United States provided for
in the Compact, and having such result, may be effected
other than by Act of Congress.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply--
(A) to all actions of the Government of the
United States under the Compact including, but
not limited to, actions taken pursuant to
sections 431, 432, 441, or 442;
(B) to any amendment, change, or termination
in the Agreement between the Government of the
United States and the Government
[[Page 495]]
of the Federated States of Micronesia Regarding
Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Security
Concluded Pursuant to Sections 321 and 323 of
the Compact of Free Association referred to in
section 462(j) of the Compact and the Agreement
between the Government of the United States and
the Government of the Marshall Islands
Concerning Mutual Security Concluded Pursuant to
Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free
Association referred to in section 462(k) of the
Compact;
(C) to any amendment, change, or termination
of the agreements concluded pursuant to Compact
sections 175, 177, and 221(a)(5), the terms of
which are incorporated by reference into the
Compact; and
(D) to the following subsidiary agreements,
or portions thereof:
(i) Article II of the agreement referred
to in section 462(a) of the Compact;
(ii) Article II of the agreement
referred to in section 462(b) of the
Compact;
(iii) Article II and Section 7 of
Article XI of the agreement referred to in
section 462(e) of the Compact;
(iv) the agreement referred to in
section 462(f) of the Compact;
(v) Articles III and IV of the agreement
referred to in section 462(g) of the
Compact;
(vi) Articles III and IV of the
agreement referred to in section 462(h) of
the Compact; and
(vii) Articles VI, XV, and XVII of the
agreement referred to in section 462(i) of
the Compact.
(e) Subsidiary agreements deemed bilateral
For purposes of implementation of the Compact and this
joint resolution, each of the subsidiary agreements referred
to in subsections (a) and (b) (whether or not bilateral in
form) shall be deemed to be bilateral agreements between the
United States and each other party to such subsidiary
agreement. The consent or concurrence of any other party
shall not be required for the effectiveness of any actions
taken by the United States in conjunction with either the
Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands which
are intended to affect the implementation, modification,
suspension, or termination of any such subsidiary agreement
(or any provision thereof) as regards the mutual
responsibilities of the United States and the party in
conjunction with whom the actions are taken.
(f) Effective date
(1) The President shall not agree to an effective date
for the Compact, as authorized by this section, until after
certifying to Congress that the agreements described in
section 1902 of this title and section 1903 of this title
have been concluded.
(2) Any agreement concluded with the Federated States of
Micronesia or the Marshall Islands pursuant to sections 1902
and 1903 of this title and any agreement which would amend,
change, or terminate any subsidiary agreement or portion
thereof as set forth in paragraph (4) of this subsection
shall be submitted to the Congress. No such agreement shall
take effect until after the expiration of 30 days after the
date such agreement is so submitted (excluding days on which
either House of Congress is not in session).
[[Page 496]]
(3) No agreement described in paragraph (2) shall take
effect if a joint resolution of disapproval is enacted
during the period specified in paragraph (2). For the
purpose of expediting the consideration of such a joint
resolution, a motion to proceed to the consideration of any
such joint resolution after it has been reported by an
appropriate committee shall be treated as highly privileged
in the House of Representatives. Any such joint resolution
shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with the
provisions of section 601(b) of Public Law 94-329.
(4) The subsidiary agreements or portions thereof
referred to in paragraph (2) are as follows:
(A) Articles III and IV of the agreement
referred to in section 462(b) of the Compact.
(B) Articles III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
X, and XI (except for Section 7 thereof) of the
agreement referred to in section 462(e) of the
Compact.
(C) Articles IV, V, X, XIV, XVI, and XVIII
of the agreement referred to in section 462(i)
of the Compact.
(D) Articles II, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the
agreement referred to in section 462(g) of the
Compact.
(E) Articles II, V, VI, and VIII of the
agreement referred to in section 462(h) of the
Compact.
(F) The Agreement set forth on pages 388
through 391 of House Document 98-192 of March
30, 1984.
(5) No agreement between the United States and the
Government of either the Federated States of Micronesia or
the Marshall Islands which would amend, change, or terminate
any subsidiary agreement or portion thereof, other than
those set forth in subsection (d) of this section or
paragraph (4) of this subsection shall take effect until the
President has transmitted such agreement to the President of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives
together with an explanation of the agreement and the
reasons therefore. (Pub. L. 99-239, Title I, Sec. 101, Jan.
14, 1986, 99 Stat. 1773.)
412 Sec. 1931. Approval of Compact of Free Association
(a) Approval
The Compact of Free Association set forth in title II of
this joint resolution between the United States and the
Government of Palau is hereby approved, and Congress hereby
consents to the agreements as set forth on pages 154 through
405 of House Document 99-193 of April 9, 1986 (hereafter in
this joint resolution referred to as subsidiary or related
agreements), as they relate to such Government. Subject to
the provisions of this joint resolution, the President is
authorized to agree, in accordance with section 411 of the
Compact, to an effective date for and thereafter to
implement such Compact, having taken into account any
procedures with respect to the United Nations for
termination of the Trusteeship Agreement.
(b) Reference to Compact
Any reference in this joint resolution to the
``Compact'' shall be treated as a reference to the Compact
of Free Association set forth in title II of this joint
resolution.
[[Page 497]]
(c) Amendment, change, or termination of Compact and certain
agreements
(1) Mutual agreement by the Government of the United
States as provided in the Compact which results in
amendment, change, or termination of all or any part thereof
shall be affected only by Act of Congress and no unilateral
action by the Government of the United States provided for
in the Compact, and having such result, may be effected
other than by Act of Congress.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply--
(A) to all actions of the Government of the
United States under the Compact including, but
not limited to, actions taken pursuant to
sections 431, 432, 441, or 442;
(B) to any amendment, change, or termination
in any agreement that may be concluded at any
time between the Government of the United States
and the Government of Palau regarding
friendship, cooperation and mutual security
concluded pursuant to sections 321 and 323 of
the Compact referred to in section 462(h);
(C) to any amendment, change, or termination
of the agreements concluded pursuant to Compact
sections 175 and 221(a)(4), the terms of which
are incorporated by reference into the Compact;
and
(D) to the following subsidiary agreements,
or portions thereof:
(i) Article II of the agreement referred
to in section 462(a) of the Compact;
(ii) Article II of the agreement
referred to in section 462(b) of the
Compact;
(iii) Article II and Section 7 of
Article X of the agreement referred to in
section 462(f) of the Compact;
(iv) the agreement referred to in
section 462(g) of the Compact;
(v) Articles II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII
of the agreement referred to in section
462(h) of the Compact; and
(vi) Articles VI, XV, and XVII of the
agreement referred to in section 462(i) of
the Compact.
(d) Effective date
(1) The authority of the President to agree to an
effective date for the Compact of Free Association between
the United States and Palau concurrently with termination of
the Trusteeship shall be carried out in accordance with this
section, and the Compact shall not take effect until after--
(A) The President has certified to the
Congress that the Compact has been approved in
accordance with Section 411(a) and (b) of the
Compact, and that there exists no legal
impediment to the ability of the United States
to carry out fully its responsibilities and to
exercise its rights under Title Three of the
Compact, as set forth in this Act, and
(B) enactment of a joint resolution which
has been reported by the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources of the Senate and the
Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs and
Foreign Affairs and other appropriate Committees
of the House of Representatives authorizing
entry into force of the Compact, and
(C) agreements have been concluded with
Palau which satisfy the requirements of section
1902 of this title. For the purpose of
[[Page 498]]
this subsection the word ``Palau'' shall be
substituted for ``Federated States of
Micronesia'' whenever it appears in section 1902
of this title.
(2) Any agreement concluded with Palau pursuant to
subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) and any agreement which
would amend, change, or terminate any subsidiary agreement
or related agreement, or portion thereof, as set forth in
paragraph (4) of this subsection shall be submitted to the
Congress. No such agreement shall take effect until after
the expiration of 30 days after the date such agreement is
so submitted (excluding days on which either House of
Congress is not in session).
(3) No agreement described in paragraph (2) shall take
effect if a joint resolution of disapproval is enacted
during the period specified in paragraph (2). For the
purpose of expediting the consideration of such a joint
resolution, a motion to proceed to the consideration of any
such joint resolution after it has been reported by an
appropriate committee shall be treated as highly privileged
in the House of Representatives. Any such joint resolution
shall be considered in the Senate in accordance with the
provisions of section 601(b) of Public Law 94-329.
(4) The subsidiary agreement of portions thereof
referred to in paragraph (2) are as follows:
(A) Articles III and IV of the agreement
referred to in section 462(b) of the Compact.
(B) Articles III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX,
and X (except for section 7 thereof) of the
agreement referred to in section 462(f) of the
Compact.
(C) Articles IV, V, X, XIV, XVI, and XVIII
of the agreement referred to in section 462(i)
of the Compact.
(D) Articles II, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the
agreement referred to in section 462(h) of the
Compact.
(E) The agreement referred to in section
462(j) of the Compact.
(5) No agreement between the United States and the
Government of Palau which would amend, change, or terminate
any subsidiary or related agreement, or portion thereof,
other than those set forth in subsection (d) of this section
or paragraph (4) of this subsection, shall take effect until
the President has transmitted such an agreement to the
President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, together with an explanation of the
agreement and the reasons therefor. (Pub. L. 99-658, Title
I, Sec. 101, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3673.)
49 u.s.c.--transportation
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 499]]
TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
Chapter 449--SECURITY
413 Sec. 44901 note. Identification standards
``(a) Proposed Standards.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary of Homeland
Security--
``(A) shall propose minimum standards
for identification documents required of
domestic commercial airline passengers for
boarding an aircraft; and
``(B) may, from time to time, propose
minimum standards amending or replacing
standards previously proposed and
transmitted to Congress and approved under
this section.
``(2) Submission to congress.--Not later
than 6 months after the date of enactment of
this Act [Dec. 17, 2004], the Secretary shall
submit the standards under paragraph (1)(A) to
the Senate and the House of Representatives on
the same day while each House is in session.
``(3) Effective date.--Any proposed
standards submitted to Congress under this
subsection shall take effect when an approval
resolution is passed by the House and the Senate
under the procedures described in subsection (b)
and becomes law.
``(b) Congressional Approval Procedures.--
``(1) Rulemaking power.--This subsection is
enacted by Congress--
``(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, and as such
they are deemed a part of the rules of each
House, respectively, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed
in that House in the case of such approval
resolutions; and it supersedes other rules
only to the extent that they are
inconsistent therewith; and
``(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner and to the same extent as in the
case of any other rule of that House.
``(2) Approval resolution.--For the purpose
of this subsection, the term `approval
resolution' means a joint resolution of
Congress, the matter after the resolving clause
of which is as follows: `That the Congress
approves the proposed standards issued under
section 7220 of the 9/11 Commission
Implementation Act of 2004, transmitted by the
President to the Congress on _____', the blank
space being filled in with the appropriate date.
``(3) Introduction.--Not later than the
first day of session following the day on which
proposed standards are transmitted to the House
of Representatives and the Senate under
subsection (a), an approval resolution--
``(A) shall be introduced (by request)
in the House by the Majority Leader of the
House of Representatives, for himself or
herself and the Minority Leader of the House
of Representa
[[Page 500]]
tives, or by Members of the House of
Representatives designated by the Majority
Leader and Minority Leader of the House; and
``(B) shall be introduced (by request)
in the Senate by the Majority Leader of the
Senate, for himself or herself and the
Minority Leader of the Senate, or by Members
of the Senate designated by the Majority
Leader and Minority Leader of the Senate.
``(4) Prohibitions.--
``(A) Amendments.--No amendment to an
approval resolution shall be in order in
either the House of Representatives or the
Senate.
``(B) Motions to suspend.--No motion to
suspend the application of this paragraph
shall be in order in either House, nor shall
it be in order in either House for the
Presiding Officer to entertain a request to
suspend the application of this paragraph by
unanimous consent.
``(5) Referral.--
``(A) In general.--An approval
resolution shall be referred to the
committees of the House of Representatives
and of the Senate with jurisdiction. Each
committee shall make its recommendations to
the House of Representatives or the Senate,
as the case may be, within 45 days after its
introduction. Except as provided in
subparagraph (B), if a committee to which an
approval resolution has been referred has
not reported it at the close of the 45th day
after its introduction, such committee shall
be automatically discharged from further
consideration of the resolution and it shall
be placed on the appropriate calendar.
``(B) Final passage.--A vote on final
passage of the resolution shall be taken in
each House on or before the close of the
15th day after the resolution is reported by
the committee or committees of that House to
which it was referred, or after such
committee or committees have been discharged
from further consideration of the
resolution.
``(C) Computation of days.--For purposes
of this paragraph, in computing a number of
days in either House, there shall be
excluded any day on which that House is not
in session.
``(6) Coordination with action of other
house.--If prior to the passage by one House of
an approval resolution of that House, that House
receives the same approval resolution from the
other House, then the procedure in that House
shall be the same as if no approval resolution
has been received from the other House, but the
vote on final passage shall be on the approval
resolution of the other House.
``(7) Floor consideration in the House of
Representatives.--
``(A) Motion to proceed.--A motion in
the House of Representatives to proceed to
the consideration of an approval resolution
shall be highly privileged and not
debatable. An amendment to the motion shall
not be in order, not shall it be in order to
move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
``(B) Debate.--Debate in the House of
Representatives on an implementing bill or
approval resolution shall be limited to not
more than 4 hours, which shall be divided
equally between
[[Page 501]]
those favoring and those opposing the
resolution. A motion to further limit debate
shall not be debatable. It shall not be in
order to move to recommit an approval
resolution or to move to reconsider the vote
by which an approval resolution is agreed to
or disagreed to.
``(C) Motion to postpone.--Motions to
postpone made in the House of
Representatives with respect to the
consideration of an approval resolution and
motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business shall be decided without
debate.
``(D) Appeals.--All appeals from the
decisions of the Chair relating to the
application of the Rules of the House of
Representatives to the procedure relating to
an approval resolution shall be decided
without debate.
``(E) Rules of the House of
Representatives.--Except to the extent
specifically provided in subparagraphs (A)
through (D), consideration of an approval
resolution shall be governed by the Rules of
the House of Representatives applicable to
other resolutions in similar circumstances.
``(8) Floor consideration in the Senate.--
``(A) Motion to proceed.--A motion in
the Senate to proceed to the consideration
of an approval resolution shall be
privileged and not debatable. An amendment
to the motion shall not be in order, nor
shall it be in order to move to reconsider
the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to.
``(B) Debate on resolution.--Debate in
the Senate on an approval resolution, and
appeals in connection therewith, shall be
limited to not more than 10 hours, which
shall be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the Majority Leader and the
Minority Leader, or their designees.
``(C) Debate on motions and appeals.--
Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion
or appeal in connection with an approval
resolution shall be limited to not more than
1 hour, which shall be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the mover and
the manager of the resolution, except that
in the event the manager of the resolution
is in favor of any such motion or appeal,
the time in opposition thereto, shall be
controlled by the Minority Leader or
designee. Such leaders, or either of them,
may, from time under their control on the
passage of an approval resolution, allot
additional time to any Senator during the
consideration of any debatable motion or
appeal.
``(D) Limit on debate.--A motion in the
Senate to further limit debate is not
debatable. A motion to recommit an approval
resolution is not in order. (Pub. L. 108-
458, Title VII, Sec. c7220, Dec. 17, 2004,
118 Stat. 3835.)
* * * * * * *
50 u.s.c.--war and national defense
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 502]]
TITLE 50--WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
Chapter 33--WAR POWERS RESOLUTION
414 Sec. 1543. Reporting requirement
(a) Written report; time of submission; circumstances
necessitating submission; information reported
In the absence of a declaration of war, in any case in
which United States Armed Forces are introduced--
(1) into hostilities or into situations
where imminent involvement in hostilities is
clearly indicated by the circumstances;
(2) into the territory, airspace or waters
of a foreign nation, while equipped for combat,
except for deployments which relate solely to
supply, replacement, repair, or training of such
forces; or
(3) in numbers which substantially enlarge
United States Armed Forces equipped for combat
already located in a foreign nation;the
President shall submit within 48 hours to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives and to
the President pro tempore of the Senate a
report, in writing, setting forth--
(A) the circumstances necessitating the
introduction of United States Armed Forces;
(B) the constitutional and legislative
authority under which such introduction took
place; and
(C) the estimated scope and duration of
the hostilities or involvement.
(b) Other information reported
The President shall provide such other information as
the Congress may request in the fulfillment of its
constitutional responsibilities with respect to committing
the Nation to war and to the use of United States Armed
Forces abroad.
(c) Periodic reports; semiannual requirement
Whenever United States Armed Forces are introduced into
hostilities or into any situation described in subsection
(a) of this section, the President shall, so long as such
armed forces continue to be engaged in such hostilities or
situation, report to the Congress periodically on the status
of such hostilities or situation as well as on the scope and
duration of such hostilities or situation, but in no event
shall he report to the Congress less often than once every
six months. (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 4, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat.
555.)
415 Sec. 1544. Congressional action
(a) Transmittal of report and referral to Congressional
committees; joint request for convening Congress
Each report submitted pursuant to section 1543(a)(1) of
this title shall be transmitted to the Speaker of the House
of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the
Senate on the same calendar day. Each report so transmitted
shall be referred to the Committee on For
[[Page 503]]
eign Affairs of the House of Representatives and to the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate for appropriate
action. If, when the report is transmitted, the Congress has
adjourned sine die or has adjourned for any period in excess
of three calendar days, the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate,
if they deem it advisable (or if petitioned by at least 30
percent of the membership of their respective Houses) shall
jointly request the President to convene Congress in order
that it may consider the report and take appropriate action
pursuant to this section.
(b) Termination of use of United States Armed Forces;
exceptions; extension period
Within sixty calendar days after a report is submitted
or is required to be submitted pursuant to section
1543(a)(1) of this title, whichever is earlier, the
President shall terminate any use of United States Armed
Forces with respect to which such report was submitted (or
required to be submitted), unless the Congress (1) has
declared war or has enacted a specific authorization for
such use of United States Armed Forces, (2) has extended by
law such sixty-day period, or (3) is physically unable to
meet as a result of an armed attack upon the United States.
Such sixty-day period shall be extended for not more than an
additional thirty days if the President determines and
certifies to the Congress in writing that unavoidable
military necessity respecting the safety of United States
Armed Forces requires the continued use of such armed forces
in the course of bringing about a prompt removal of such
forces.
(c) Concurrent resolution for removal by President of United
States Armed Forces
Notwithstanding subsection (b), at any time that United
States Armed Forces are engaged in hostilities outside the
territory of the United States, its possessions and
territories without a declaration of war or specific
statutory authorization, such forces shall be removed by the
President if the Congress so directs by concurrent
resolution. (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 5, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat.
556.)
416 Sec. 1545. Congressional priority procedures for joint
resolution or bill
(a) Time requirement; referral to Congressional committee;
single report
Any joint resolution or bill introduced pursuant to
section 1544(b) of this title at least thirty calendar days
before the expiration of the sixty-day period specified in
such section shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign
Affairs of the House of Representatives or the Committee on
Foreign Relations of the Senate, as the case may be, and
such committee shall report one such joint resolution or
bill, together with its recommendations, not later than
twenty-four calendar days before the expiration of the
sixty-day period specified in such section, unless such
House shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.
(b) Pending business; vote
Any joint resolution or bill so reported shall become
the pending business of the House in question (in the case
of the Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided
between the proponents and the
[[Page 504]]
opponents), and shall be voted on within three calendar days
thereafter, unless such House shall otherwise determine by
yeas and nays.
(c) Referral to other House committee
Such a joint resolution or bill passed by one House
shall be referred to the committee of the other House named
in subsection (a) and shall be reported out not later than
fourteen calendar days before the expiration of the sixty-
day period specified in section 1544(b) of this title. The
joint resolution or bill so reported shall become the
pending business of the House in question and shall be voted
on within three calendar days after it has been reported,
unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and
nays.
(d) Disagreement between Houses
In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses
of Congress with respect to a joint resolution or bill
passed by both Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed
and the committee of conference shall make and file a report
with respect to such resolution or bill not later than four
calendar days before the expiration of the sixty-day period
specified in section 1544(b) of this title. In the event the
conferees are unable to agree within 48 hours, they shall
report back to their respective Houses in disagreement.
Notwithstanding any rule in either House concerning the
printing of conference reports in the Record or concerning
any delay in the consideration of such reports, such report
shall be acted on by both Houses not later than the
expiration of such sixty-day period. (Pub. L. 93-148,
Sec. 6, Nov. 7, 1973, 87 Stat. 557.)
417 Sec. 1546. Congressional priority procedures for concurrent
resolution
(a) Referral to Congressional committee; single report
Any concurrent resolution introduced pursuant to section
1544(c) of this title shall be referred to the Committee on
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives or the
Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, as the case
may be, and one such concurrent resolution shall be reported
out by such committee together with its recommendations
within fifteen calendar days, unless such House shall
otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.
(b) Pending business; vote
Any concurrent resolution so reported shall become the
pending business of the House in question (in the case of
the Senate the time for debate shall be equally divided
between the proponents and the opponents) and shall be voted
on within three calendar days thereafter, unless such House
shall otherwise determine by yeas and nays.
(c) Referral to other House committee
Such a concurrent resolution passed by one House shall
be referred to the committee of the other House named in
subsection (a) and shall be reported out by such committee
together with its recommendations within fifteen calendar
days and shall thereupon become the pending business of such
House and shall be voted upon within three calendar days,
unless such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and
nays.
[[Page 505]]
(d) Disagreement between Houses
In the case of any disagreement between the two Houses
of Congress with respect to a concurrent resolution passed
by both Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed and
the committee of conference shall make and file a report
with respect to such concurrent resolution within six
calendar days after the legislation is referred to the
committee of conference. Notwithstanding any rule in either
House concerning the printing of conference reports in the
Record or concerning any delay in the consideration of such
reports, such report shall be acted on by both Houses not
later than six calendar days after the conference report is
filed. In the event the conferees are unable to agree within
48 hours, they shall report back to their respective Houses
in disagreement. (Pub. L. 93-148, Sec. 7, Nov. 7, 1973, 87
Stat. 557.)
418 Sec. 1546a. Expedited procedures for certain joint
resolutions and bills
Any joint resolution or bill introduced in either House
which requires the removal of United States Armed Forces
engaged in hostilities outside the territory of the United
States, its possessions and territories, without a
declaration of war or specific statutory authorization shall
be considered in accordance with the procedures of section
601(b) of the International Security Assistance and Arms
Export Control Act of 1976,\26\ except that any such
resolution or bill shall be amendable. If such a joint
resolution or bill should be vetoed by the President, the
time for debate in consideration of the veto message on such
measure shall be limited to twenty hours in the Senate and
in the House shall be determined in accordance with the
Rules of the House.(Pub. L. 98-164, Title X, Sec. 1013, Nov.
22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1062.)
\26\ Id.
Chapter 34--NATIONAL EMERGENCIES
419 Sec. 1621. Declaration of national emergency by President;
publication in Federal Register; effect on other laws;
superseding legislation
(a) With respect to Acts of Congress authorizing the
exercise, during the period of a national emergency, of any
special or extraordinary power, the President is authorized
to declare such national emergency. Such proclamation shall
immediately be transmitted to the Congress and published in
the Federal Register.
(b) Any provisions of law conferring powers and
authorities to be exercised during a national emergency
shall be effective and remain in effect (1) only when the
President (in accordance with subsection (a) of this
section), specifically declares a national emergency, and
(2) only in accordance with this chapter. No law enacted
after September 14, 1976, shall supersede this subchapter
unless it does so in specific terms, referring to this
subchapter, and declaring that the new law supersedes the
provisions of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 94-412, Title II,
Sec. 201, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255.)
[[Page 506]]
420 Sec. 1622. National emergencies
(a) Termination methods
Any national emergency declared by the President in
accordance with this subchapter shall terminate if--
(1) there is enacted into law a joint
resolution terminating the emergency; or
(2) the President issues a proclamation
terminating the emergency.
Any national emergency declared by the President shall
be terminated on the date specified in any joint resolution
referred to in clause (1) or on the date specified in a
proclamation by the President terminating the emergency as
provided in clause (2) of this subsection, whichever date is
earlier, and any powers or authorities exercised by reason
of said emergency shall cease to be exercised after such
specified date, except that such termination shall not
affect--
(A) any action taken or proceeding
pending not finally concluded or determined
on such date;
(B) any action or proceeding based on
any act committed prior to such date; or
(C) any rights or duties that matured or
penalties that were incurred prior to such
date.
(b) Termination review of national emergencies by Congress
Not later than six months after a national emergency is
declared, and not later than the end of each six-month
period thereafter that such emergency continues, each House
of Congress shall meet to consider a vote on a joint
resolution to determine whether that emergency shall be
terminated.
(c) Joint resolution; referral to Congressional committees;
conference committee in event of disagreement; filing of
report; termination procedure deemed part of rules of
House and Senate
(1) A joint resolution to terminate a
national emergency declared by the President
shall be referred to the appropriate committee
of the House of Representatives or the Senate,
as the case may be. One such joint resolution
shall be reported out by such committee together
with its recommendations within fifteen calendar
days after the day on which such resolution is
referred to such committee, unless such House
shall otherwise determine by the yeas and nays.
(2) Any joint resolution so reported shall
become the pending business of the House in
question (in the case of the Senate the time for
debate shall be equally divided between the
proponents and the opponents) and shall be voted
on within three calendar days after the day on
which such resolution is reported, unless such
House shall otherwise determine by yeas and
nays.
(3) Such a joint resolution passed by one
House shall be referred to the appropriate
committee of the other House and shall be
reported out by such committee together with its
recommendations within fifteen calendar days
after the day on which such resolution is
referred to such committee and shall thereupon
become the pending business of such House and
shall be voted upon within three
[[Page 507]]
calendar days after the day on which such
resolution is reported, unless such House shall
otherwise determine by yeas and nays.
(4) In the case of any disagreement between
the two Houses of Congress with respect to a
joint resolution passed by both Houses,
conferees shall be promptly appointed and the
committee of conference shall make and file a
report with respect to such joint resolution
within six calendar days after the day on which
managers on the part of the Senate and the House
have been appointed. Notwithstanding any rule in
either House concerning the printing of
conference reports or concerning any delay in
the consideration of such reports, such report
shall be acted on by both Houses not later than
six calendar days after the conference report is
filed in the House in which such report is filed
first. In the event the conferees are unable to
agree within forty-eight hours, they shall
report back to their respective Houses in
disagreement.
(5) Paragraphs (1)-(4) of this subsection,
subsection (b) of this section, and section
1651(b) of this title are enacted by Congress--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking
power of the Senate and the House of
Representatives, respectively, and as such
they are deemed a part of the rules of each
House, respectively, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed
in the House in the case of resolutions
described by this subsection; and they
supersede other rules only to the extent
that they are inconsistent therewith; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to
change the rules (so far as relating to the
procedure of that House) at any time, in the
same manner, and to the same extent as in
the case of any other rule of that House.
(Pub. L. 94-412, Title II, Sec. 202, Sept.
14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255; Pub. L. 99-93,
Title VIII, Sec. 801, Aug. 16, 1985, 99
Stat. 448.)
* * * * * * *
Chapter 35--INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY ECONOMIC POWERS
421 Sec. 1701 note. Burmese freedom and democracy
* * * * * * *
Sec. 9 Duration of Sanctions
(a) Termination by Request From Democratic Burma.--The
President may terminate any provision in this Act upon the
request of a democratically elected government in Burma,
provided that all the conditions in section 3(a)(3) have
been met.
(b) Continuation of Import Sanctions.--
(1) Expiration.--The import restrictions
contained in section 3(a)(1) shall expire 1 year
from the date of enactment of this Act [July 28,
2003] unless renewed under paragraph (2) of this
section [subsection].
(2) Resolution by congress.--The import
restrictions contained in section 3(a)(1) may be
renewed annually for a 1-year period if, prior
to the anniversary of the date of enactment of
this Act, and each year thereafter, a renewal
resolution is enacted into law in accordance
with subsection (c).
[[Page 508]]
(3) Limitation.--The import restrictions
contained in section 3(a)(1) may be renewed for
a maximum of twelve years from the date of the
enactment of this Act [July 28, 2003].
(4) Rule of construction.--For purposes of
this subsection, any reference to section
3(a)(1) shall be deemed to include a reference
to section 3A(b)(1) and (c)(1).
(c) Renewal Resolutions.--
(1) In general.--For purposes of this
section, the term `renewal resolution' means a
joint resolution of the 2 Houses of Congress,
the sole matter after the resolving clause of
which is as follows: `That Congress approves the
renewal of the import restrictions contained in
section 3(a)(1) and section 3A(b)(1) and (c)(1)
of the Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of
2003.'.
(2) Procedures.--
(A) In general.--A renewal resolution--
(i) may be introduced in either
House of Congress by any member of
such House at any time within the
90-day period before the expiration
of the import restrictions contained
in section 3(a)(1) and section
3A(b)(1) and (c)(1); and
(ii) the provisions of
subparagraph (B) shall apply.
(B) Expedited consideration.--The
provisions of section 152(b), (c), (d), (e),
and (f) of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C.
2192 (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f)) apply to a
renewal resolution under this Act as if such
resolution were a resolution described in
section 152(a) of the Trade Act of 1974.
(Pub. L. 112-192, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat.
1441, as amended by Pub. L. 113-235, div. J,
Title VII, Sec. 7043(b)(8)(A), Dec. 16,
2014, 128 Stat. 2648.)
422 Sec. 1702. Presidential authorities
(a) In general
(1) At the times and to the extent specified in section
1701 of this title, the President may, under such
regulations as he may prescribe, by means of instructions,
licenses, or otherwise--
(A) investigate, regulate, or prohibit--
(i) any transactions in foreign
exchange,
(ii) transfers of credit or payments
between, by, through, or to any banking
institution, to the extent that such
transfers or payments involve any interest
of any foreign country or a national
thereof,
(iii) the importing or exporting of
currency or securities, by any person, or
with respect to any property, subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States;
(B) investigate, block during the pendency
of an investigation, regulate, direct and
compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit, any
acquisition, holding, withholding, use,
transfer, withdrawal, transportation,
importation or exportation of, or dealing in, or
exercising any right, power, or privilege with
respect to, or transactions involving, any
property in which any foreign country or a
national thereof has any interest by any person,
or with respect to any property, subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States; and.1
(C) when the United States is engaged in
armed hostilities or has been attacked by a
foreign country or foreign nationals, con
[[Page 509]]
fiscate any property, subject to the
jurisdiction of the United States, of any
foreign person, foreign organization, or foreign
country that he determines has planned,
authorized, aided, or engaged in such
hostilities or attacks against the United
States; and all right, title, and interest in
any property so confiscated shall vest, when,
as, and upon the terms directed by the
President, in such agency or person as the
President may designate from time to time, and
upon such terms and conditions as the President
may prescribe, such interest or property shall
be held, used, administered, liquidated, sold,
or otherwise dealt with in the interest of and
for the benefit of the United States, and such
designated agency or person may perform any and
all acts incident to the accomplishment or
furtherance of these purposes. (Pub. L. 95-223,
Title II, Sec. 203, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat.
1626; Pub. L. 100-418, Title II,
Sec. 2502(b)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1371;
Pub. L. 103-236, Title V, Sec. 525(c)(1), Apr.
30, 1994, 108 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 107-56, Title
I, Sec. 106, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 277.)
* * * * * * *
423 Sec. 1706. Savings provisions
(a) Termination of national emergencies pursuant to National
Emergencies Act
(1) Except as provided in subsection (b),
notwithstanding the termination pursuant to the National
Emergencies Act [50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.] of a national
emergency declared for purposes of this chapter, any
authorities granted by this chapter, which are exercised on
the date of such termination on the basis of such national
emergency to prohibit transactions involving property in
which a foreign country or national thereof has any
interest, may continue to be so exercised to prohibit
transactions involving that property if the President
determines that the continuation of such prohibition with
respect to that property is necessary on account of claims
involving such country or its nationals.
(2) Notwithstanding the termination of the authorities
described in section 101(b) of this Act, any such
authorities, which are exercised with respect to a country
on the date of such termination to prohibit transactions
involving any property in which such country or any national
thereof has any interest, may continue to be exercised to
prohibit transactions involving that property if the
President determines that the continuation of such
prohibition with respect to that property is necessary on
account of claims involving such country or its nationals.
(b) Congressional termination of national emergencies by
concurrent resolution
The authorities described in subsection (a)(1) may not
continue to be exercised under this section if the national
emergency is terminated by the Congress by concurrent
resolution pursuant to section 202 of the National
Emergencies Act [50 U.S.C. 1622] and if the Congress
specifies in such concurrent resolution that such
authorities may not continue to be exercised under this
section.
[[Page 510]]
(c) Supplemental savings provisions; supersedure of
inconsistent provisions
(1) The provisions of this section are supplemental to
the savings provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of
section 101(a) [50 U.S.C. 1601(a)(1), (2), (3)] and of
paragraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section 202(a) [50 U.S.C.
1622(a)(A), (B), and (C)] of the National Emergencies Act.
(2) The provisions of this section supersede the
termination provisions of section 101(a) [50 U.S.C. 1601(a)]
and of title II [50 U.S.C. 1621 et seq.] of the National
Emergencies Act to the extent that the provisions of this
section are inconsistent with these provisions.
(d) Periodic reports to Congress
If the President uses the authority of this section to
continue prohibitions on transactions involving foreign
property interests, he shall report to the Congress every
six months on the use of such authority. (Pub. L. 95-223,
Title II, Sec. 207, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1628.)
51 u.s.c.--national and commercial space programs
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 511]]
TITLE 51--NATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACE PROGRAMS
Chapter 509--COMMERCIAL SPACE LAUNCH ACTIVITIES
424 Sec. 50915. Paying claims exceeding liability insurance and
financial responsibility requirements
(a) General Requirements.--(1) To the extent provided in
advance in an appropriation law or to the extent additional
legislative authority is enacted providing for paying claims
in a compensation plan submitted under subsection (d) of
this section, the Secretary of Transportation shall provide
for the payment by the United States Government of a
successful claim (including reasonable litigation or
settlement expenses) of a third party against a person
described in paragraph (3)(A) resulting from an activity
carried out under the license issued or transferred under
this chapter for death, bodily injury, or property damage or
loss resulting from an activity carried out under the
license. However, claims may be paid under this section only
to the extent the total amount of successful claims related
to one launch or reentry--
(A) is more than the amount of insurance or
demonstration of financial responsibility
required under section 50914(a)(1)(A) of this
title; and
(B) is not more than $1,500,000,000 (plus
additional amounts necessary to reflect
inflation occurring after January 1, 1989) above
that insurance or financial responsibility
amount.
(2) The Secretary may not provide for paying a part of a
claim for which death, bodily injury, or property damage or
loss results from willful misconduct by the licensee or
transferee. To the extent insurance required under section
50914(a)(1)(A) of this title is not available to cover a
successful third party liability claim because of an
insurance policy exclusion the Secretary decides is usual
for the type of insurance involved, the Secretary may
provide for paying the excluded claims without regard to the
limitation contained in section 50914(a)(1).
(3)(A) A person described in this subparagraph is--
(i) a licensee or transferee under this
chapter;
(ii) a contractor, subcontractor, or
customer of the licensee or transferee;
(iii) a contractor or subcontractor of a
customer; or
(iv) a space flight participant.
(B) Clause (iv) of subparagraph (A) ceases to be
effective September 30, 2025.
(b) Notice, Participation, and Approval.--Before a
payment under subsection (a) of this section is made--
(1) notice must be given to the Government
of a claim, or a civil action related to the
claim, against a party described in subsection
(a)(1) of this section for death, bodily injury,
or property damage or loss;
(2) the Government must be given an
opportunity to participate or assist in the
defense of the claim or action; and
[[Page 512]]
(3) the Secretary must approve any part of a
settlement to be paid out of appropriations of
the Government.
(c) Withholding Payments.--The Secretary may withhold a
payment under subsection (a) of this section if the
Secretary certifies that the amount is not reasonable.
However, the Secretary shall deem to be reasonable the
amount of a claim finally decided by a court of competent
jurisdiction.
(d) Surveys, Reports, and Compensation Plans.--(1) If as
a result of an activity carried out under a license issued
or transferred under this chapter the total of claims
related to one launch or reentry is likely to be more than
the amount of required insurance or demonstration of
financial responsibility, the Secretary shall--
(A) survey the causes and extent of damage;
and
(B) submit expeditiously to Congress a
report on the results of the survey.
(2) Not later than 90 days after a court determination
indicates that the liability for the total of claims related
to one launch or reentry may be more than the required
amount of insurance or demonstration of financial
responsibility, the President, on the recommendation of the
Secretary, shall submit to Congress a compensation plan
that--
(A) outlines the total dollar value of the
claims;
(B) recommends sources of amounts to pay for
the claims;
(C) includes legislative language required
to carry out the plan if additional legislative
authority is required; and
(D) for a single event or incident, may not
be for more than $1,500,000,000.
(3) A compensation plan submitted to Congress under
paragraph (2) of this subsection shall--
(A) have an identification number; and
(B) be submitted to the Senate and the House
of Representatives on the same day and when the
Senate and House are in session.
(e) Congressional Resolutions.--(1) In this subsection,
``resolution''--
(A) means a joint resolution of Congress the
matter after the resolving clause of which is as
follows: ``That the Congress approves the
compensation plan numbered _____ submitted to
the Congress on _____ XX, 20__.'', with the
blank spaces being filled appropriately; but
(B) does not include a resolution that
includes more than one compensation plan.
(2) The Senate shall consider under this subsection a
compensation plan requiring additional appropriations or
legislative authority not later than 60 calendar days of
continuous session of Congress after the date on which the
plan is submitted to Congress.
(3) A resolution introduced in the Senate shall be
referred immediately to a committee by the President of the
Senate. All resolutions related to the same plan shall be
referred to the same committee.
(4)(A) If the committee of the Senate to which a
resolution has been referred does not report the resolution
within 20 calendar days after it is referred, a motion is in
order to discharge the committee from further consideration
of the resolution or to discharge the committee from further
consideration of the plan.
(B) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution and is highly privileged
(except that the motion may
[[Page 513]]
not be made after the committee has reported a resolution on
the plan). Debate on the motion is limited to one hour, to
be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing
the resolution. An amendment to the motion is not in order.
A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is
agreed to or disagreed to is not in order.
(C) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed and another motion to
discharge the committee from another resolution on the same
plan may not be made.
(5)(A) After a committee of the Senate reports, or is
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, a
motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution is
in order at any time, even though a similar previous motion
has been disagreed to. The motion is highly privileged and
is not debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in
order. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion
is agreed to or disagreed to is not in order.
(B) Debate on the resolution referred to in subparagraph
(A) of this paragraph is limited to not more than 10 hours,
to be divided equally between those favoring and those
opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate is
not debatable. An amendment to, or motion to recommit, the
resolution is not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote
by which the resolution is agreed to or disagreed to is not
in order.
(6) The following shall be decided in the Senate without
debate:
(A) a motion to postpone related to the
discharge from committee.
(B) a motion to postpone consideration of a
resolution.
(C) a motion to proceed to the consideration
of other business.
(D) an appeal from a decision of the chair
related to the application of the rules of the
Senate to the procedures related to a
resolution.
(f) Application.--This section applies to a license
issued or transferred under this chapter for which the
Secretary receives a complete and valid application not
later than September 30, 2025. This section does not apply
to permits. (Pub. L. 103-272, Sec. 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108
Stat. 1338, Sec. 70113 of Title 49; Pub. L. 104-287,
Sec. 5(94), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 105-303,
Title I, Sec. 102(a)(13), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2850;
Pub. L. 106-74, Title IV, Sec. 433, Oct. 20, 1999, 113 Stat.
1097; Pub. L. 106-377, Sec. 1(a)(1) [Title IV, Sec. 429],
Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A-56; Pub. L. 106-405,
Sec. Sec. 5(b), 6(a), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1752; Pub. L.
108-428, Sec. 1, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2432; Pub. L. 108-
492, Sec. 2(c)(22), (23), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3981;
Pub. L. 111-125, Sec. 1, Dec. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 3486;
renumbered Sec. 70113 then Sec. 50915 of Title 51 and
amended Pub. L. 111-314, Sec. 4(d)(2), (3)(O), (5)(Q), (R),
Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440-3442; Pub. L. 112-273, Sec. 3,
Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2454; Pub. L. 113-76, Sec. 8, Jan.
17, 2014, 128 Stat. 7; Pub. L. 114-90, Title I,
Sec. Sec. 102(d), 103(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 706.)
52 u.s.c.--voting and elections
united states senate procedures enacted in law
[[Page 514]]
TITLE 52--VOTING AND ELECTIONS
Chapter 301--FEDERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS
425 Sec. 30111. Administrative provisions
(a) Duties of Commission
* * * * * * *
(d) Rules, regulations, or forms; issuance, procedures
applicable, etc.
(1) Before prescribing any rule, regulation, or form
under this section or any other provision of this Act, the
Commission shall transmit a statement with respect to such
rule, regulation, or form to the Senate and the House of
Representatives, in accordance with this subsection. Such
statement shall set forth the proposed rule, regulation, or
form, and shall contain a detailed explanation and
justification of it.
(2) If either House of the Congress does not disapprove
by resolution any proposed rule or regulation submitted by
the Commission under this section within 30 legislative days
after the date of the receipt of such proposed rule or
regulation or within 10 legislative days after the date of
receipt of such proposed form, the Commission may prescribe
such rule, regulation, or form.
(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term
``legislative day'' means, with respect to statements
transmitted to the Senate, any calendar day on which the
Senate is in session, and with respect to statements
transmitted to the House of Representatives, any calendar
day on which the House of Representatives is in session.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, the terms ``rule''
and ``regulation'' mean a provision or series of
interrelated provisions stating a single, separable rule of
law.
(5)(A) A motion to discharge a committee of the Senate
from the consideration of a resolution relating to any such
rule, regulation, or form or a motion to proceed to the
consideration of such a resolution, is highly privileged and
shall be decided without debate.
(B) Whenever a committee of the House of Representatives
reports any resolution relating to any such form, rule or
regulation, it is at any time thereafter in order (even
though a previous motion to the same effect has been
disagreed to) to move to proceed to the consideration of the
resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is not
debatable. An amendment to the motion is not in order, and
is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed with.
(e) Scope of protection for good faith reliance upon rules
or regulations
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person
who relies upon any rule or regulation prescribed by the
Commission in accordance with the provisions of this section
and who acts in good faith in accordance with such rule or
regulation shall not, as a result of such act,
[[Page 515]]
be subject to any sanction provided by this Act or by
chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26.
(f) Promulgation of rules, regulations, and forms by
Commission and Internal Revenue Service; report to
Congress on cooperative efforts
In prescribing such rules, regulations, and forms under
this section, the Commission and the Internal Revenue
Service shall consult and work together to promulgate rules,
regulations, and forms which are mutually consistent. The
Commission shall report to the Congress annually on the
steps it has taken to comply with this subsection. (Pub. L.
92-225, Title III, Sec. 311, formerly Sec. 308, Feb. 7,
1972, 86 Stat. 16; renumbered Sec. 316 and amended Pub. L.
93-443, Title II, Sec. Sec. 208(a), (c)(7)-(10), 209(a)(1),
(b), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1279, 1286, 1287; renumbered
Sec. 315 and amended Pub. L. 94-283, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105,
110, May 11, 1976, 90 Stat. 481, 486; renumbered Sec. 311
and amended Pub. L. 96-187, Title I, Sec. Sec. 105(4), 109,
Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1354, 1362; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2,
Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 104-79, Sec. 3(c),
Dec. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 792; Pub. L. 107-252, Title VIII,
Sec. 801(b), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1726.)
miscellaneous
general and permanent laws relating to the senate
[[Page 516]]
MISCELLANEOUS
426 Sec. Sec. 303(a-d), 602(c), 604, 740, District of Columbia
Home Rule Act
Pub. L. 93-198; 87 Stat. 774; D.C. Official Code Sec. 1-
201.01 et seq. Approved December 24, 1973
427 Sec. 1-203.03. Charter amending procedure.
(a) The charter set forth in subchapter IV of this
chapter (including any provision of law amended by such
subchapter), except Sec. Sec. 1-204.01(a) and 1-204.21(a),
and part C of such subchapter, may be amended by an act
passed by the Council and ratified by a majority of the
registered qualified electors of the District voting in the
referendum held for such ratification. The Chairman of the
Council shall submit all such acts to the Speaker of the
House of Representatives and the President of the Senate on
the day the Board of Elections and Ethics certifies that
such act was ratified by a majority of the registered
qualified electors voting thereon in such referendum.
(b) An amendment to the charter ratified by the
registered electors shall take effect upon the expiration of
the 35-calendar-day period (excluding Saturdays, Sundays,
holidays, and days on which either House of Congress is not
in session) following the date such amendment was submitted
to the Congress, or upon the date prescribed by such
amendment, whichever is later, unless during such 35-day
period, there has been enacted into law a joint resolution,
in accordance with the procedures specified in Sec. 1-
206.04, disapproving such amendment. In any case in which
any such joint resolution disapproving such an amendment
has, within such 35-day period, passed both Houses of
Congress and has been transmitted to the President, such
resolution, upon becoming law subsequent to the expiration
of such 35-day period, shall be deemed to have repealed such
amendment, as of the date such resolution becomes law.
(c) The Board of Elections and Ethics shall prescribe
such rules as are necessary with respect to the distribution
and signing of petitions and the holding of elections for
ratifying amendments to subchapter IV of this chapter
according to the procedures specified in subsection (a) of
this section.
(d) The amending procedure provided in this section may
not be used to enact any law or affect any law with respect
to which the Council may not enact any act, resolution, or
rule under the limitations specified in Sec. Sec. 1-206.01
to 1-206.03. (Pub. L. 93-198, Title III, Sec. 303, Dec. 24,
1973, 87 Stat. 784; Pub. L. 93-376, Title III, Sec. 306(a),
Aug. 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 131(b),
Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1974.)
428 Sec. 1-206.02. Limitations on the Council.
* * * * * * *
(c)(1) Except acts of the Council which are submitted to
the President in accordance with Chapter 11 of Title 31,
United States Code, any act which the Council determines,
according to Sec. 1-204.12(a), should take effect
immediately because of emergency circumstances, and acts
[[Page 517]]
proposing amendments to subchapter IV of this chapter and
except as provided in Sec. 1-204.62(c) and Sec. 1-
204.72(d)(1) the Chairman of the Council shall transmit to
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the
President of the Senate, a copy of each act passed by the
Council and signed by the Mayor, or vetoed by the Mayor and
repassed by two-thirds of the Council present and voting,
each act passed by the Council and allowed to become
effective by the Mayor without his signature, and each
initiated act and act subject to referendum which has been
ratified by a majority of the registered qualified electors
voting on the initiative or referendum. Except as provided
in paragraph (2) of this subsection, such act shall take
effect upon the expiration of the 30-calendar-day period
(excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, and any day on
which neither House is in session because of an adjournment
sine die, a recess of more than 3 days, or an adjournment of
more than 3 days) beginning on the day such act is
transmitted by the Chairman to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President of the Senate, or upon the
date prescribed by such act, whichever is later, unless
during such 30-day period, there has been enacted into law a
joint resolution disapproving such act. In any case in which
any such joint resolution disapproving such an act has,
within such 30-day period, passed both Houses of Congress
and has been transmitted to the President, such resolution,
upon becoming law, subsequent to the expiration of such 30-
day period, shall be deemed to have repealed such act, as of
the date such resolution becomes law. The provisions of
Sec. 1-206.04, except subsections (d), (e), and (f) of such
section, shall apply with respect to any joint resolution
disapproving any act pursuant to this paragraph.
(2) In the case of any such act transmitted by the
Chairman with respect to any act codified in Title 22, 23,
or 24 of the District of Columbia Code, such act shall take
effect at the end of the 60-day period beginning on the day
such act is transmitted by the Chairman to the Speaker of
the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate
unless, during such 60-day period, there has been enacted
into law a joint resolution disapproving such act. In any
case in which any such joint resolution disapproving such an
act has, within such 60-day period, passed both Houses of
Congress and has been transmitted to the President, such
resolution, upon becoming law subsequent to the expiration
of such 60-day period shall be deemed to have repealed such
act, as of the date such resolution becomes law. The
provisions of Sec. 1A1-206.04, relating to an expedited
procedure for consideration of joint resolutions, shall
apply to a joint resolution disapproving such act as
specified in this paragraph.
(3) The Council shall submit with each Act transmitted
under this subsection an estimate of the costs which will be
incurred by the District of Columbia as a result of the
enactment of the act in each of the first 4 fiscal years for
which the act is in effect, together with a statement of the
basis for such estimate. (Pub. L. 93-198, Title VI,
Sec. 602, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 813; Pub. L. 94-402, Sept.
7, 1976, 90 Stat. 1220; Pub. L. 95-526, Oct. 27, 1978, 92
Stat. 2023; Pub. L. 97-105, Sec. 17, Dec. 23, 1981, 95 Stat.
1493; Pub. L. 98-473, Sec. 131(d)-(g), Oct. 12, 1984, 98
Stat. 1974; Pub. L. 104-8, Sec. Sec. 108(b)(2), 301(d)(1),
Apr. 17, 1995, 109 Stat. 107, 142.)
[[Page 518]]
429 Sec. 1-206.04. Congressional action on certain District
matters.
(a) This section is enacted by Congress:
(1) As an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
respectively, and as such these provisions are
deemed a part of the rule of each House,
respectively, but applicable only with respect
to the procedure to be followed in that House in
the case of resolutions described by this
section; and they supersede other rules only to
the extent that they are inconsistent therewith;
and
(2) With full recognition of the
constitutional right of either House to change
the rule (so far as relating to the procedure of
that House) at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of that House.
(b) For the purpose of this section, ``resolution''
means only a joint resolution, the matter after the
resolving clause of which is as follows: ``That the
......... approves/disapproves of the action of the District
of Columbia Council described as follows: _____'', the blank
spaces therein being appropriately filled, and either
approval or disapproval being appropriately indicated; but
does not include a resolution which specifies more than 1
action.
(c) A resolution with respect to Council action shall be
referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia of the
House of Representatives, or the Committee on the District
of Columbia of the Senate, by the President of the Senate or
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the case may
be.
(d) If the Committee to which a resolution has been
referred has not reported it at the end of 20 calendar days
after its introduction, it is in order to move to discharge
the Committee from further consideration of any other
resolution with respect to the same Council action which has
been referred to the Committee.
(e) A motion to discharge may be made only by an
individual favoring the resolution, is highly privileged
(except that it may not be made after the Committee has
reported a resolution with respect to the same action), and
debate thereon shall be limited to not more than 1 hour, to
be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing
the resolution. An amendment to the motion is not in order,
and it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by
which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(f) If the motion to discharge is agreed to or disagreed
to, the motion may not be renewed, nor may another motion to
discharge the Committee be made with respect to any other
resolution with respect to the same action.
(g) When the Committee has reported, or has been
discharged from further consideration of, a resolution, it
is at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous
motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) to move to
proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The motion
is highly privileged and is not debatable. An amendment to
the motion is not in order, and it is not in order to move
to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or
disagreed to.
(h) Debate on the resolution shall be limited to not
more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally between
those favoring and those opposing the resolution. A motion
further to limit debate is not debatable. An amendment to,
or motion to recommit, the resolution is not
[[Page 519]]
in order, and it is not in order to move to reconsider the
vote by which the resolution is agreed to or disagreed to.
(i) Motions to postpone made with respect to the
discharge from Committee or the consideration of a
resolution, and motions to proceed to the consideration of
other business, shall be decided without debate.
(j) Appeals from the decisions of the chair relating to
the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of
Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure
relating to a resolution shall be decided without debate.
430 Sec. 1-207.40. Emergency control of police.
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever
the President of the United States determines that special
conditions of an emergency nature exist which require the
use of the Metropolitan Police force for federal purposes,
he may direct the Mayor to provide him, and the Mayor shall
provide, such services of the Metropolitan Police force as
the President may deem necessary and appropriate. In no
case, however, shall such services made available pursuant
to any such direction under this subsection extend for a
period in excess of 48 hours unless the President has, prior
to the expiration of such period, notified the Chairmen and
ranking minority members of the Committees on the District
of Columbia of the Senate and the House of Representatives,
in writing, as to the reason for such direction and the
period of time during which the need for such services is
likely to continue.
(b) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this
section, such services made available in accordance with
subsection (a) of this section shall terminate upon the end
of such emergency, the expiration of a period of 30 days
following the date on which such services are first made
available, or the enactment into law of a joint resolution
by the Congress providing for such termination, whichever
first occurs.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this
section, in any case in which such services are made
available in accordance with the provisions of subsection
(a) of this section during any period of an adjournment of
the Congress sine die, such services shall terminate upon
the end of the emergency, the expiration of the 30-day
period following the date on which Congress first convenes
following such adjournment, or the enactment into law of a
joint resolution by the Congress providing for such
termination, whichever first occurs.
(d) Except to the extent provided for in subsection (c)
of this section, no such services made available pursuant to
the direction of the President pursuant to subsection (a) of
this section shall extend for any period in excess of 30
days, unless the Senate and the House of Representatives
enact into law a joint resolution authorizing such an
extension.
431 Pub. L. 94-329, International Security Assistance and Arms
Export Control Act of 1976 (ISAAECA), Title VI,
Sec. 601(b), June 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 765.
* * * * * * *
Expedited Procedure in the Senate
(b)(1) For purposes of any such law, the continuity of a
session of Congress is broken only by an adjournment of the
Congress sine die, and the days on which either House is not
in session because of an
[[Page 520]]
adjournment of more than three days to a day certain are
excluded in the computation of the period indicated.
(2) Paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection are
enacted--
(A) as an exercise of the rulemaking power
of the Senate and as such they are deemed a part
of the rules of the Senate, but applicable only
with respect to the procedure to be followed in
the Senate in the case of resolutions described
by subsection (a)(1) of this section; and they
supersede other rules of the Senate only to the
extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and
(B) with full recognition of the
constitutional right of the Senate to change
such rules at any time, in the same manner and
to the same extent as in the case of any other
rule of the Senate.
(3)(A) If the committee of the Senate to which has been
referred a resolution relating to a certification has not
reported such resolution at the end of ten calendar days
after its introduction, not counting any day which is
excluded under paragraph (1) of this subsection, it is order
to move either to discharge the committee from further
consideration of the resolution or to discharge the
committee from further consideration of any other resolution
introduced with respect to the same certification which has
been referred to the committee, except that no motion to
discharge shall be in order after the committee has reported
a resolution with respect to the same certification.
(B) A motion to discharge under subparagraph (A) of this
paragraph may be made only by a Senator favoring the
resolution, is privileged, and debate thereon shall be
limited to not more than 1 hour, to be divided equally
between those favoring and those opposing the resolution,
the time to be divided equally between, and controlled by,
the majority leader and the minority leader or their
designees. An amendment to the motion is not in order, and
it is not in order to move to reconsider the vote by which
the motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(4)(A) A motion in the Senate to proceed to the
consideration of a resolution shall be privileged. An
amendment to the motion shall not be in order, nor shall it
be in order to move to reconsider the vote by which the
motion is agreed to or disagreed to.
(B) Debate in the Senate on a resolution, and all
debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall
be limited to not more than 10 hours, to be equally divided
between, and controlled by, the majority leader and the
minority leader or their designees.
(C) Debate in the Senate on any debatable motion or
appeal in connection with a resolution shall be limited to
not more than 1 hour, to be equally divided between, and
controlled by, the mover and the manager of the resolution,
except that in the event the manager of the resolution is in
favor of any such motion or appeal, the time in opposition
thereto, shall be controlled by the minority leader or his
designee. Such leaders, or either of them, may, from time
under their control on the passage of a resolution, allot
additional time to any Senator during the consideration of
any debatable motion or appeal.
(D) A motion in the Senate to further limit debate on a
resolution, debatable motion, or appeal is not debatable. No
amendment to, or motion to recommit, a resolution is in
order in the Senate.
[[Page 521]]
===========================================================
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
===========================================================
[[Page 523]]
[1700]
____________________________________________________________
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
IN CONGRESS JULY 4, 1776
____________________________________________________________
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary
for one people to dissolve the political bands which have
connected them with another, and to assume among the powers
of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the
Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent
respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should
declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their
just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever
any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it
is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to
institute new Government, laying its foundation on such
principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to
them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and
Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments
long established should not be changed for light and
transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn
that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are
sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms
to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object
evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it
is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such
Government, and to provide new Guards for their future
security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these
Colonies;
[[Page 524]]
and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter
their former Systems of Government. The history of the
present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated
injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the
establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To
prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome
and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate
and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation
till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended he
has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation
of large districts of people, unless those people would
relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a
right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the dispository of
their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them
into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for
opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of
the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions,
to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative
powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the
People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in
the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from
without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these
States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for
Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to
encourage their migrations hither, and raising the
conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by
refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary
powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the
tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their
salaries.
[[Page 525]]
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent
hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out
their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies
without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of
and superior to the Civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged
by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended
Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment
for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants
of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial
by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for
pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a
neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary
government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it
at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the
same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most
valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our
Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring
themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all
cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of
his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our
towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign
Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and
tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty &
perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and
totally unworthy of the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on
the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country,
[[Page 526]]
to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or
to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and
has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our
frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of
warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes
and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned
for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions
have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose
character is thus marked by every act which may define a
Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British
brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts
by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction
over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their
native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by
the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations,
which would inevitably interrupt our connections and
correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of
justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce
in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold
them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in
Peace Friends.
WE, THEREFORE, the Representatives of the United States
of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the
Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our
intentions, do, in the Name, and by authority of the good
People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That
these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and
Independent States; that they are Absolved from all
Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political
connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is
and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and
Independent States, they have full Power to levy War,
conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and
do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of
right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a
firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we
mutually pledge
[[Page 527]]
to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.
(The foregoing declaration was, by order of Congress, engrossed, and
signed by the following members:)
JOHN HANCOCK.
New Hampshire
Vosiah Bartlett,
Wm. Whipple,
Matthew Thornton.
Massachusetts Bay
Saml. Adams,
John Adams,
Robt. Treat Paine,
Elbridge Gerry.
Rhode Island, etc.
Step. Hopkins,
William Ellery.
Connecticut
Roger Sherman,
Sam'el Huntington,
Wm. Williams,
Oliver Wolcott.
New York
Wm. Floyd,
Phil. Livingston,
Frans. Lewis,
Lewis Morris.
New Jersey
Richd. Stockton,
Jno. Witherspoon,
Fras. Hopkinson,
John Hart,
Abra Clark.
Pennsylvania
Robt. Morris,
Benjamin Rush,
Benja. Franklin,
John Morton,
Geo. Clymer,
Jas. Smith,
Geo. Taylor,
James Wilson,
Geo. Ross.
Delaware
Caesar Rodney,
Geo. Read,
Tho. M'Kean.
Maryland
Samuel Chase,
Wm. Paca,
Thos. Stone,
Charles Carroll of
Carrollton.
[[Page 528]]
Virginia
George Withe,
Richard Henry Lee,
Th. Jefferson,
Benja. Harrison,
Thos. Nelson, Jr.,
Francis Lightfoot Lee,
Carter Braxton.
North Carolina
Wm. Hooper,
Joseph Hewes,
John Penn.
South Carolina
Edward Rutledge,
Thos. Heyward, Junr.,
Thomas Lynch, Junr.,
Arthur Middleton.
Georgia
Button Gwinnett,
Lyman Hall,
Geo. Walton.
Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the
several assemblies, conventions, and committees or councils
of safety, and to the several commanding officers of the
Continental Troops: That it be proclaimed in each of the
United States, and at the Head of the Army.--[Jour. Cong.,
vol. 1, p. 396.]
articles of confederation
articles of confederation
[[Page 529]]
[1701]
____________________________________________________________
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
____________________________________________________________
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
While the Declaration of Independence was under
consideration in the Continental Congress, and before it was
finally agreed upon, measures were taken for the
establishment of a constitutional form of government; and on
the 11th of June, 1776, it was ``Resolved, That a committee
be appointed to prepare and digest the form of a
confederation to be entered into between these Colonies'';
which committee was appointed the next day, June 12, and
consisted of a member from each Colony, namely: Mr.
Bartlett, Mr. S. Adams, Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Sherman, Mr. R. R.
Livingston, Mr. Dickinson, Mr. McKean, Mr. Stone, Mr.
Nelson, Mr. Hewes, Mr. E. Rutledge, and Mr. Gwinnett. On the
12th of July, 1776, the committee reported a draft of the
Articles of Confederation, which was printed for the use of
the members under the strictest injunctions of secrecy.
This report underwent a thorough discussion in Congress,
from time to time, until the 15th of November, 1777; on
which day, ``Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union''
were finally agreed to in form, and they were directed to be
proposed to the legislatures of all the United States, and
if approved by them, they were advised to authorize their
delegates to ratify the same in the Congress of the United
States; and in that event they were to become conclusive. On
the 17th of November, 1777, the Congress agreed upon the
form of a circular letter to accompany the Articles of
Confederation, which concluded with a recommendation to each
of the several legislatures ``to invest its delegates with
competent powers, ultimately, and in the name and behalf of
the State, to subscribe articles of confederation and
perpetual union of the United States, and to attend Congress
for that purpose on or before the 10th day of March next.''
This letter was signed by the President of Congress and
sent, with a copy of the articles, to each State
legislature.
On the 26th of June, 1778, Congress agreed upon the form
of a ratification of the Articles of Confederation, and
directed a copy of the articles and the ratification to be
engrossed on parchment; which, on the 9th of July, 1778,
having been examined and the blanks filled, was signed by
the delegates of New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode
Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina. Congress then
directed that a circular letter be addressed to the States
whose delegates were not present, or being present,
conceived they were not authorized to sign the ratification,
informing them how many and what States had ratified the
Articles of Confederation, and desiring them, with all
convenient dispatch, to authorize their delegates to ratify
the same. Of these States,
[[Page 530]]
North Carolina ratified on the 21st and Georgia on the 24th
of July, 1778; New Jersey on the 26th of November following;
Delaware on the 5th of May, 1779; Maryland on the 1st of
March, 1781; and on the 2d of March, 1781, Congress
assembled under the new form of government.
articles of confederation
articles of confederation
[[Page 531]]
[1701]
____________________________________________________________
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION\1\
____________________________________________________________
1701.1 ACT OF CONFEDERATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
to all to whom these presents shall come, we the undersigned
delegates of the states affixed to our names, send
greetings
Whereas the Delegates of the United States of America in
Congress assembled did on the 15th day of November in the
Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy
seven, and in the Second Year of the Independence of America
agree to certain articles of Confederation and perpetual
Union between the states of Newhampshire, Massachusetts-bay,
Rhodeisland and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia in the
Words following, viz.
\1\Adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15,
1777, while meeting at York, Pennsylvania, which served as
the site of the National Capital from September 30, 1777, to
June 27, 1778. Ratification of the Articles by the
respective delegates commenced on July 9, 1778, in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but was not completed until
March 1, 1781, when the Articles were signed by the
delegates from Maryland.
``articles of confederation and perpetual union between the
states of newhampshire, massachusetts-bay, rhodeisland
and providence plantations, connecticut, new york, new
jersey, pennsylvania, delaware, maryland, virginia,
north carolina, south carolina and georgia
1701.2 Article i. The Stile of this confederacy shall be ``The
United States of America.''
1701.3 Article ii. Each State retains its Sovereignty, freedom
and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right,
which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to
the United States in Congress assembled.
[[Page 532]]
1701.4 Article iii. The said states hereby severally enter into
a firm league of friendship with each other, for their
common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their
mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist
each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made
upon them, or any of them, on account of religion,
sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever.
1701.5 Article iv. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual
friendship and intercourse among the people of the different
states in this union, the free inhabitants of each of these
states, paupers, vagabonds and fugitives from Justice
excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities
of free citizens in the several states, and the people of
each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from
any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges
of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties,
impositions and restrictions as the inhabitants thereof
respectively, provided that such restrictions shall not
extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported
into any state, to any other state of which the Owner is an
inhabitant, provided also that no imposition, duties or
restriction shall be laid by any state, on the property of
the united states, or either of them.
If any Person guilty of, or charged with treason, felony
or other high misdemeanor in any state, shall flee from
Justice, and be found in any of the united states, he shall
upon demand of the Governor or executive power, of the state
from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the state
having jurisdiction of his offence.
Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these
states to the records, acts and judicial proceedings of the
courts and magistrates of every other state.
1701.6 Article v. For the more convenient management of the
general interest of the united states, delegates shall be
annually appointed in such manner as the legislature of each
state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday
in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each
state, to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time
within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the
remainder of the Year.
No state shall be represented in Congress by less than
two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall be
capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any
term of six years; nor shall any person,
[[Page 533]]
being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the
united states, for which he, or another for his benefit
receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind.
Each state shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting
of the states, and while they act as members of the
committee of the states.
In determining questions in the united states, in
Congress assembled, each state shall have one vote.
Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be
impeached or questioned in any Court, or place out of
Congress, and the members of congress shall be protected in
their persons from arrests and imprisonments, during the
time of their going to and from, and attendance on congress,
except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace.
1701.7 Article vi. No state without the Consent of the united
states in congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or
receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference,
agreement, alliance or treaty with any King, prince or
state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or
trust under the united states, or any of them, accept of any
present, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever
from any king, prince or foreign state; nor shall the united
states in congress assembled, or any of them, grant any
title of nobility.
No two or more states shall enter into any treaty,
confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the
consent of the united states in congress assembled,
specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to
be entered into, and how long it shall continue.
No state shall lay any imposts of duties, which may
interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by
the united states in congress assembled with any king,
prince or state, in pursuance of any treaties already
proposed by congress to the courts of France and Spain.
No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of peace by
any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed
necessary by the united states in congress assembled, for
the defence of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body
of forces be kept up by any state, in time of peace, except
such number only, as in the judgment of the united states,
in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison
the forts necessary for the defence of such state; but every
state shall always keep up a well regulated and
[[Page 534]]
disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and
shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public
stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper
quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage.
No state shall engage in any war without the consent of
the united states in congress assembled, unless such state
be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received
certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation
of Indians to invade such state, and the danger is so
imminent as not to admit of a delay, till the united states
in congress assembled can be consulted: nor shall any state
grant commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor
letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a
declaration of war by the united states in Congress
assembled, and then only against the kingdom or state and
the subjects thereof, against which war has been so
declared, and under such regulations as shall be established
by the united states in congress assembled, unless such
state be infested by pirates, in which case vessels of war
may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the
danger shall continue, or until the united states in
congress assembled shall determine otherwise.
1701.8 Article vii. When land-forces are raised by any state
for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of
colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state
respectively by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such
manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall
be filled up by the state which first made the appointment.
1701.9 Article viii. All charges of war, and all other expences
that shall be incurred for the common defence or general
welfare, and allowed by the united states in congress
assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which
shall be supplied by the several states, in proportion to
the value of all land within each state, granted to or
surveyed for any Person, as such land and the buildings and
improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such
mode as the united states in congress assembled, shall from
time to time direct and appoint.
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and
levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of
the several states within the time agreed upon by the united
states in congress assembled.
[[Page 535]]
1701.10 Article ix. The united states in congress assembled,
shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of
determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned
in the sixth article--of sending and receiving embassadors--
entering into treaties and alliances, provided that no
treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative
power of the respective states shall be restrained from
imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own
people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation
or importation of any species of goods or commodities
whatsoever--of establishing rules for deciding in all cases,
what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what
manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service
of the united states shall be divided or appropriated--of
granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace--
appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies
committed on the high seas and establishing courts for
receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of
captures, provided that no member of congress shall be
appointed a judge of any of the said courts.
The united states in congress assembled shall also be
the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences
now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or
more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other
cause whatever, which authority shall always be exercised in
the manner following. Whenever the legislative or executive
authority or lawful agent of any state in controversy with
another shall present a petition to congress stating the
matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof
shall be given by order of congress to the legislative or
executive authority of the other state in controversy, and a
day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their
lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by
joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court
for hearing and determining the matter in question: but if
they cannot agree, congress shall name three persons out of
each of the united states, and from the list of such persons
each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners
beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen;
and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine
names as congress shall direct, shall in the presence of
congress be drawn out by lot, and the persons whose
[[Page 536]]
names shall be so drawn or any five of them, shall be
commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the
controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who
shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination: and
if either party shall neglect to attend at the day
appointed, without showing reasons, which congress shall
judge sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike,
the congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of
each State, and the secretary of congress shall strike in
behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment
and sentence of the court to be appointed, in the manner
before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any
of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of
such court, or to appear or defend their claim or cause, the
court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or
judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive,
the judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in
either case transmitted to congress, and lodged among the
acts of congress for the security of the parties concerned:
provided that every commissioner, before he sits in
judgment, shall take an oath to be administered by one of
the judges of the supreme or superior court of the state,
where the cause shall be tried, ``well and truly to hear and
determine the matter in question, according to the best of
his judgment without favour, affection or hope of reward'':
provided also that no state shall be deprived of territory
for the benefit of the united states.
All controversies concerning the private right of soil
claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose
jurisdiction as they may respect such lands, and the states
which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or
either of them being at the same time claimed to have
originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction,
shall on the petition of either party to the congress of the
united states, be finally determined as near as may be in
the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding
disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between
different states.
The united states in congress assembled shall also have
the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the
alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by
that of the respective states--fixing the standard of
weights and measures throughout the united states--
[[Page 537]]
regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the
Indians, not members of any of the states, provided that the
legislative right of any state within its own limits be not
infringed or violated--establishing and regulating post-
offices from one state to another, throughout all the united
states, and exacting such postage on the papers passing
thro' the same as may be requisite to defray the expences of
the said office--appointing all officers of the land forces,
in the service of the united states, excepting regimental
officers--appointing all the officers of the naval forces,
and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of
the united states--making rules for the government and
regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing
their operations.
The united states in congress assembled shall have
authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the recess of
congress, to be denominated ``A Committee of the States,''
and to consist of one delegate from each state; and to
appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be
necessary for managing the general affairs of the united
states under their direction--to appoint one of their number
to preside, provided that no person be allowed to serve in
the office of president more than one year in any term of
three years; to ascertain the necessary sums of Money to be
raised for the service of the united states, and to
appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public
expences--to borrow money, or emit bills on the credit of
the united states, transmitting every half year to the
respective states an account of the sums of moneys so
borrowed or emitted--to build and equip a navy--to agree
upon the number of land forces, and to make requisition from
each state for its quota, in proportion to the number of
white inhabitants in such state; which requisitions shall be
binding, and thereupon the legislature of each state shall
appoint the regimental officers, raise the men and cloath,
arm and equip them in a soldier like manner, at the expence
of the united states; and the officers and men so cloathed,
armed and equipped shall march to the place appointed, and
within the time agreed on by the united states in congress
assembled: But if the united states in congress assembled
shall, on consideration of circumstances judge proper that
any state should not raise men, or should raise a smaller
number than its quota, and that any other state should raise
[[Page 538]]
a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra
number shall be raised, officered, cloathed, armed and
equipped in the same manner as the quota of such state,
unless the legislature of such state shall judge that such
extra number cannot be safely spared out of the same, in
which case they shall raise, officer, cloath, arm and equip
as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely
spared. And the officers and men so cloathed, armed and
equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the
time agreed on by the united states in congress assembled.
The united states in congress assembled shall never
engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque and reprisal in
time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor
coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain
the sums and expences necessary for the defence and welfare
of the united states, or any of them, nor emit bills, nor
borrow money on the credit of the united states, nor
appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels of
war, to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea
forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief of the
army or navy, unless nine states assent to the same; nor
shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning
from day to day be determined, unless by the votes of a
majority of the united states in congress assembled.
The Congress of the united states shall have power to
adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place within
the united states, so that no period of adjournment be for a
longer duration than the space of six Months, and shall
publish the Journal of their proceedings monthly, except
such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances or
military operations as in their judgment require secrecy;
and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each state on any
question shall be entered on the Journal, when it is desired
by any delegate; and the delegates of a state, or any of
them, at his or their request shall be furnished with a
transcript of the said Journal, except such parts as are
above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the
several states.
1701.11 Article x. The committee of the states, or any nine of
them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of
congress such of the powers of congress as the united states
in congress assembled, by the consent of nine
[[Page 539]]
states, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them
with; provided that no power be delegated to the said
committee, for the exercise of which, by the articles of
confederation, the voice of nine states in the congress of
the united states assembled is requisite.
1701.12 Article xi. Canada acceding to this confederation, and
joining in the measures of the united states, shall be
admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this
union: but no other colony shall be admitted into the same,
unless such admission be agreed to by nine states.
1701.13 Article xii. All bills of credit emitted, monies
borrowed and debts contracted by, or under the authority of
congress, before the assembling of the united states, in
pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and
considered as a charge against the united states, for
payment and satisfaction whereof the said united states, and
the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged.
1701.14 Article xiii. Every state shall abide by the
determinations of the united states in congress assembled,
on all questions which by this confederation are submitted
to them. And the Articles of this confederation shall be
inviolably observed by every state, and the union shall be
perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be
made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in
a congress of the united states, and be afterward confirmed
by the legislatures of every state.
1701.15 AND WHEREAS it has pleased the Great Governor of the
World to incline the hearts of the legislatures we
respectively represent in congress, to approve of, and to
authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation
and perpetual union. KNOW YE that we the undersigned
delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given
for that purpose, do by these presents, in the name and in
behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely
ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of
confederation and perpetual union, and all and singular the
matters and things therein contained: And we do further
solemnly plight and engage the faith of our respective
constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of
the united states in congress assembled, on all questions,
which by the said confederation are submitted to them. And
that the articles thereof shall be
[[Page 540]]
inviolably observed by the states we respectively represent
and that the union shall be perpetual.
1701.16 IN WITNESS whereof we have hereunto set our hands in
Congress. DONE at Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania
the ninth Day of July in the Year of our Lord one Thousand
seven Hundred and Seventy-eight, and in the third year of
the independence of America.
On the part and behalf of the State of New Hampshire.
Josiah Bartlett,
John Wentworth, Junr.
August 8, 1778.
On the part and behalf of the State of Massachusetts Bay.
John Hancock,
Samuel Adams,
Elbridge Gerry,
Francis Dana,
James Lovell,
Samuel Holten.
On the part and in behalf of the State of Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations.
William Ellery,
Henry Marchant,
John Collins.
On the part and behalf of the State of Connecticut.
Roger Sherman,
Samuel Huntington,
Oliver Wolcott,
Titus Hosmer,
Andrew Adams.
On the part and behalf of the State of New York.
Jas Duane,
Fras Lewis,
William Duer,
Gouvr Morris.
On the part and in behalf of the State of New Jersey.
Jno Witherspoon,
Nathl Scudder, Nov. 26, 1778.
On the part and behalf of the State of Pennsylvania.
Robt. Morris,
Daniel Roberdeau,
Jona Bayard Smith,
William Clingan,
Joseph Reed, July 22, 1778.
On the part and behalf of the State of Delaware.
John Dickinson, May 5, 1779,
Nicholas Van Dyke,
Tho. M'Kean, Feb. 12, 1779.
On the part and behalf of the State of Maryland.
John Hanson, March 1, 1781,
Daniel Carrol Do
[[Page 541]]
On the part and behalf of the State of Virginia.
Richard Henry Lee,
John Banister,
Thomas Adams,
Jno Harvie,
Francis Lightfoot Lee.
On the part and behalf of the State of North Carolina.
John Penn, July 21, 1778,
Corns. Harnett,
Jno Williams.
On the part and behalf of the State of South Carolina.
Henry Laurens,
William Henry Drayton,
Jno Mathews,
Richard Hutson,
Thos. Heyward, Junr.
On the part and behalf of the State of Georgia.
Jno Walton, 24th July 1778,
Edwd Telfair,
Edwd. Langworthy.
ordinance of 1787
ordinance of 1787
[[Page 543]]
[1702]
____________________________________________________________
ORDINANCE OF 1787
____________________________________________________________
AN ORDINANCE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TERRITORY OF THE
UNITED STATES NORTHWEST OF THE RIVER OHIO
[The Confederate Congress, July 13, 1787]
1702.1 Section 1. Be it ordained by the United States in
Congress assembled, That the said Territory, for the purpose
of temporary government, by one district, subject, however,
to be divided into two districts, as future circumstances
may, in the opinion of Congress, make it expedient.
1702.2 Sec. 2. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That
the estates both of resident and non-resident proprietors in
the said territory, dying intestate, shall descend to, and
be distributed among, their children and the descendants of
a deceased child in equal parts, the descendants of a
deceased child or grandchild to take the share of their
deceased parent in equal parts among them; and where there
shall be no children or descendants, then in equal parts to
the next of kin, in equal degree; and among collaterals, the
children of a deceased brother or sister of the intestate
shall have, in equal parts among them, their deceased
parent's share; and there shall, in no case, be a
distinction between kindred of the whole and half blood;
saving in all cases to the widow of the intestate, her third
part of the real estate for life, and one-third part of the
personal estate; and this law relative to descents and
dower, shall remain in full force until altered by the
legislature of the district. And until the governor and
judges shall adopt laws as hereinafter mentioned, estates in
the said territory may be devised or bequeathed by wills in
writing, signed and sealed by him or her in whom the estate
may be (being of full age), and attested by three witnesses;
and real estates may be conveyed by lease and release, or
bargain and sale, signed, sealed, and delivered by the
person, being of full
[[Page 544]]
age, in whom the estate may be, and attested by two
witnesses, provided such wills be duly proved, and such
conveyances be acknowledged, or the execution thereof duly
proved, and be recorded within one year after proper
magistrates, courts, and registers, shall be appointed for
that purpose; and personal property may be transferred by
delivery, saving, however, to the French and Canadian
inhabitants, and other settlers of the Kaskaskies, Saint
Vincents, and the neighboring villages, who have heretofore
professed themselves citizens of Virginia, their laws and
customs now in force among them, relative to the descent and
conveyance of property.
1702.3 Sec. 3. Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That
there shall be appointed, from time to time, by Congress, a
governor whose commission shall continue in force for the
term of three years, unless sooner revoked by Congress; he
shall reside in the district, and have a freehold estate
therein, in one thousand acres of land, while in the
exercise of his office.
1702.4 Sec. 4. There shall be appointed from time to time, by
Congress, a secretary, whose commission shall continue in
force for four years, unless sooner revoked; he shall reside
in the district, and have a freehold estate therein, in five
hundred acres of land, while in the exercise of his office.
It shall be his duty to keep and preserve the acts and laws
passed by the legislature, and the public records of the
district, and the proceedings of the governor in his
executive department, and transmit authentic copies of such
acts and proceedings every six months to the Secretary of
Congress. There shall also be appointed a court, to consist
of three judges, any two of whom to form a court, who shall
have a common-law jurisdiction, and reside in the district,
and have each therein a freehold estate, in five hundred
acres of land, while in the exercise of their offices; and
their commissions shall continue in force during good
behavior.
1702.5 Sec. 5. The governor and judges, or a majority of them,
shall adopt and publish in the district such laws of the
original States, criminal and civil, as may be necessary,
and best suited to the circumstances of the district, and
report them to Congress from time to time, which laws shall
be in force in the district until the organization of the
general assembly therein, unless disapproved of
[[Page 545]]
by Congress; but afterwards the legislature shall have
authority to alter them as they shall think fit.
1702.6 Sec. 6. The governor, for the time being, shall be
commander-in-chief of the militia, appoint and commission
all officers in the same below the rank of general officers;
all general officers shall be appointed, and commissioned by
Congress.
1702.7 Sec. 7. Previous to the organization of the general
assembly the governor shall appoint such magistrates, and
other civil officers, in each county or township, as he
shall find necessary for the preservation of the peace and
good order in the same. After the general assembly shall be
organized the powers and duties of magistrates and other
civil officers shall be regulated and defined by the said
assembly; but all magistrates and other civil officers, not
herein otherwise directed, shall, during the continuance of
this temporary government, be appointed by the governor.
1702.8 Sec. 8. For the prevention of crimes and injuries, the
laws to be adopted or made shall have force in all parts of
the district, and for the execution of process, criminal and
civil, the governor shall make proper divisions thereof, and
he shall proceed, from time to time, as circumstances may
require, to lay out the parts of the district in which the
Indian titles shall have been extinguished, into counties
and townships, subject, however, to such alterations as may
thereafter be made by the legislature.
1702.9 Sec. 9. So soon as there shall be five thousand free
male inhabitants, of full age, in the district, upon giving
proof thereof to the governor, they shall receive authority,
with time and place, to elect representatives from their
counties or townships, to represent them in the general
assembly: Provided, That for every five hundred free male
inhabitants there shall be one representative, and so on,
progressively, with the number of free male inhabitants,
shall the right of representation increase, until the number
of representatives shall amount to twenty-five; after which
the number and proportion of representatives shall be
regulated by the legislature: Provided, That no person be
eligible or qualified to act as a representative, unless he
shall have been a citizen of one of the United States three
years, and be a resident in the district, or unless
[[Page 546]]
he shall have resided in the district three years, and, in
either case, shall likewise hold in his own right, in fee-
simple, two hundred acres of land within the same: Provided
also, That a freehold in fifty acres of land in the
district, having been a citizen of one of the States, and
being resident in the district, or the like freehold and two
years' residence in the district, shall be necessary to
qualify a man as an elector of a representative.
1702.10 Sec. 10. The representatives thus elected shall serve
for the term of two years; and in case of the death of a
representative, or removal from office, the governor shall
issue a writ to the county or township, for which he was a
member, to elect another in his stead, to serve for the
residue of the term.
1702.11 Sec. 11. The general assembly, or legislature, shall
consist of the governor, legislative council, and a house of
representatives. The legislative council shall consist of
five members, to continue in office five years, unless
sooner removed by Congress; any three of whom to be a
quorum; and the members of the council shall be nominated
and appointed in the following manner, to wit: As soon as
representatives shall be elected the governor shall appoint
a time and place for them to meet together, and, when met
they shall nominate ten persons, resident in the district,
and each possessed of a freehold in five hundred acres of
land, and return their names to Congress, five of whom
Congress shall appoint and commission to serve as aforesaid;
and whenever a vacancy shall happen in the council, by death
or removal from office, the house of representatives shall
nominate two persons, qualified as aforesaid, for each
vacancy, and return their names to Congress, one of whom
Congress shall appoint and commission for the residue of the
term; and every five years, four months at least before the
expiration of the time of service of the members of the
council, the said house shall nominate ten persons,
qualified as aforesaid, and return their names to Congress,
five of whom Congress shall appoint and commission to serve
as members of the council five years, unless sooner removed.
And the governor, legislative council, and house of
representatives shall have authority to make laws in all
cases for the good government of the district, not repugnant
to the principles and articles in this ordinance established
and declared. And all bills, having passed by a majority in
the
[[Page 547]]
house, and by a majority in the council, shall be referred
to the governor for his assent; but no bill or legislative
act whatever, shall be of any force without his assent. The
governor shall have power to convene, prorogue, and dissolve
the general assembly, when, in his opinion, it shall be
expedient.
1702.12 Sec. 12. The governor, judges, legislative council,
secretary, and such other officers as Congress shall appoint
in the district, shall take an oath or affirmation of
fidelity, and of office; the governor before the President
of Congress, and all other officers before the governor. As
soon as a legislature shall be formed in the district, the
council and house assembled, in one room, shall have
authority, by joint ballot, to elect a delegate to Congress,
who shall have a seat in Congress, with a right of debating,
but not of voting, during this temporary government.
1702.13 Sec. 13. And for extending the fundamental principles of
civil and religious liberty, which form the basis whereon
these republics, their laws and constitutions, are erected;
to fix and establish those principles as the basis of all
laws, constitutions, and governments, which forever
hereafter shall be formed in the said territory; to provide,
also, for the establishment of States, and permanent
government therein, and for their admission to a share in
the Federal councils on an equal footing with the original
States, at as early periods as may be consistent with the
general interest:
1702.14 Sec. 14. It is hereby ordained and declared, by the
authority aforesaid, That the following articles shall be
considered as articles of compact, between the original
States and the people and States in the said territory, and
forever remain unalterable, unless by common consent, to
wit:
1702.15 Article I
No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly
manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of
worship, or religious sentiments, in the said territories.
1702.16 Article II
The inhabitants of the said territory shall always be
entitled to the benefits of the writs of habeas corpus, and
of the trial by jury; of a proportionate representation
[[Page 548]]
of the people in the legislature, and of judicial
proceedings according to the course of the common law. All
persons shall be bailable, unless for capital offences,
where the proof shall be evident, or the presumption great.
All fines shall be moderate; and no cruel or unusual
punishments shall be inflicted. No man shall be deprived of
his liberty or property, but by the judgment of his peers,
or the law of the land, and should the public exigencies
make it necessary, for the common preservation, to take any
person's property, or to demand his particular services,
full compensation shall be made for the same. And, in the
just preservation of rights and property, it is understood
and declared, that no law ought ever to be made or have
force in the said territory, that shall, in any manner
whatever, interfere with or affect private contracts, or
engagements, bona fide, and without fraud previously formed.
1702.17 Article III
Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to
good government, and the happiness of mankind, schools and
the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The
utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the
Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from
them without their consent; and in their property, rights,
and liberty they never shall be invaded or disturbed, unless
in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress; but laws
founded in justice and humanity shall, from time to time, be
made, for preventing wrongs being done to them, and for
preserving peace and friendship with them.
1702.18 Article IV
The said territory, and the States which may be formed
therein, shall forever remain a part of this confederacy of
the United States of America, subject to the Articles of
Confederation, and to such alterations therein as shall be
constitutionally made; and to all the acts and ordinances of
the United States in Congress assembled, conformable
thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in the said territory
shall be subject to pay a part of the Federal debts,
contracted, or to be contracted, and a proportional part of
the expenses of government to be apportioned on them by
Congress, according to the same common rule
[[Page 549]]
and measure by which apportionments thereof shall be made on
the other States; and the taxes for paying their proportion
shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of
the legislatures of the district or districts, or new
States, as in the original States, within the time agreed
upon by the United States in Congress assembled. The
legislatures of those districts, or new States, shall never
interfere with the primary disposal of the soil by the
United States in Congress assembled, nor with any
regulations Congress may find necessary for securing the
title in such soil to the bona-fide purchasers. No tax shall
be imposed on lands the property of the United States; and
in no case shall non-resident proprietors be taxed higher
than residents. The navigable waters leading into the
Mississippi and Saint Lawrence, and the carrying places
between the same, shall be common highways, and forever
free, as well to the inhabitants of the said territory as to
the citizens of the United States, and those of any other
States that may be admitted into the confederacy, without
any tax, impost, or duty therefor.
[Sands v. Manistee River Imp. Co., 123 U.S. 288.]
1702.19 Article V
There shall be formed in the said territory not less
than three nor more than five States; and the boundaries of
the States, as soon as Virginia shall alter her act of
cession and consent to the same, shall become fixed and
established as follows, to wit: The western State, in the
said territory, shall be bounded by the Mississippi, the
Ohio, and the Wabash Rivers; a direct line drawn from the
Wabash and Post Vincents, due north, to the territorial line
between the United States and Canada; and by the said
territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi.
The middle State shall be bounded by the said direct line,
the Wabash from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a
direct line drawn due north from the mouth of the Great
Miami to the said territorial line, and by the said
territorial line. The eastern State shall be bounded by the
last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the
said territorial line: Provided, however, And it is further
understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three
States shall be subject so far to be altered that, if
Congress shall hereafter find it expedient, they shall have
authority to form one or two States
[[Page 550]]
in that part of the said territory which lies north of an
east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or
extreme of Lake Michigan. And whenever any of the said
States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein,
such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the
Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the
original States, in all respects whatever; and shall be at
liberty to form a permanent constitution and State
government: Provided, The constitution and government, so to
be formed, shall be republican, and in conformity to the
principles contained in these articles, and, so far as it
can be consistent with the general interests of the
Confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier
period, and when there may be a less number of free
inhabitants in the State than sixty thousand.
1702.20 Article VI
There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude
in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of
crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted:
Provided always, That any person escaping in the same, from
whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the
original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed,
and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor service
as aforesaid.
1702.21 Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the
resolutions of the 23d of April, 1784, relative to the
subject of this ordinance, be, and the same are hereby,
repealed, and declared null and void.
Done by the United States, in Congress assembled, the
13th day of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of their
sovereignty and independence the 12th.
Charles Thomson,
Sec'y.
constitution of the united states
[[Page 551]]
[1710]
____________________________________________________________
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
____________________________________________________________
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
In May 1785, a committee of Congress made a report
recommending an alteration in the Articles of Confederation,
but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State
Legislatures to proceed in the matter. In January 1786, the
Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for
the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three of
them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed
in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be
agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the
United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their
commercial regulations may be necessary to their common
interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to the
several States such an act, relative to this great object,
as, when ratified by them, will enable the United States in
Congress effectually to provide for the same.
The Virginia commissioners, after some correspondence,
fixed the first Monday in September as the time, and the
city of Annapolis as the place for the meeting, but only
four other States were represented, viz: Delaware, New York,
New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the commissioners appointed by
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode
Island failed to attend. Under the circumstances of so
partial a representation, the commissioners present agreed
upon a report (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York),
expressing their unanimous conviction that it might
essentially tend to advance the interests of the Union if
the States by which they were respectively delegated would
concur, and use their endeavors to procure the concurrence
of the other States, in the appointment of commissioners to
meet at Philadelphia on the second Monday of May following,
to take into consideration the situation of the United
States; to devise such further provisions as should appear
to them necessary to render the Constitution of the Federal
Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union; and to
report such an act for that purpose to the United States in
Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards
confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would
effectually provide for the same.
Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a
resolution in favor of a convention, and the Legislatures of
those States which had not already done so (with the
exception of Rhode Island) promptly appointed delegates. On
the 25th of May, seven States having convened, George
Washington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President,
and the consideration of the proposed constitution was
commenced. On the 17th of September, 1787, the Constitution
as engrossed and agreed upon was signed by all the members
present, except Mr. Gerry, of Massachu
[[Page 552]]
setts, and Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The
president of the convention transmitted it to Congress, with
a resolution stating how the proposed Federal Government
should be put in operation, and an explanatory letter.
Congress, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed the
Constitution so framed, with the resolutions and letter
concerning the same, to ``be transmitted to the several
Legislatures in order to be submitted to a convention of
delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in
conformity to the resolves of the convention.''
On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed
for commencing the operations of Government under the new
Constitution, it had been ratified by the conventions chosen
in each State to consider it, as follows: Delaware, December
7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey,
December 19, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut,
January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland,
April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire,
June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 25, 1788; and New York, July
26, 1788.
The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January,
1790, that North Carolina had ratified the Constitution
November 21, 1789; and he informed Congress on the 1st of
June, 1790, that Rhode Island had ratified the Constitution
May 29, 1790. Vermont, in convention, ratified the
Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of
Congress approved February 18, 1791, ``received and admitted
into this Union as a new and entire member of the United
States.''
constitution of the united states
[[Page 553]]
____________________________________________________________
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
____________________________________________________________
1710.1 We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more
perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic
Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish
this Constitution for the United States of America.
1711 ARTICLE I
1711.1 Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall
consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
1711.2 Section 2. \1\The House of Representatives shall be
composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People
of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall
have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most
numerous Branch of the State Legislature.
1711.3 \2\ No Person shall be a Representative who shall not
have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been
seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall
not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which
he shall be chosen.
Note: The Constitution consists of sections and clauses.
While sections are numbered, clauses are designated by a
superscript to the left of a paragraph. Text set off by
brackets has been repealed, amended, or otherwise changed.
The part in Article 1, section 2, clause 3 relating to
apportionment of Representatives was repealed by section 1
of amendment XIV; the part relating to taxes on income
without apportionment was repealed by amendment XVI.
1711.4 \3\ [Representatives and direct Taxes shall be
apportioned among the several States which may be included
within this Union, according to their respective Numbers,
which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of
free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of
Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all
other Persons.] The actual Enumeration shall be made within
three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the
United States, and within every subse
[[Page 554]]
quent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law
direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one
for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at
Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall
be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to
chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and
Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six,
New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland
six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five,
and Georgia three.\1\
\1\ The Act of June 18, 1926 (46 Stat. 26), as amended
by the Act of Nov. 15, 1941 (55 Stat. 761), provides for
reapportionment of the existing number of Representatives
(435) among the States following each new census (see 2
U.S.C. 2a).
The part included in brackets in Article I, section 3,
clause 1 was changed by amendment XVII.
The part included in brackets in Article I, section 3,
clause 2 was changed by amendment XVII.
1711.5 \4\ When vacancies happen in the Representation from any
State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of
Election to fill such Vacancies.
1711.6 \5\ The House of Representatives shall chuse their
Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of
Impeachment.
1711.7 \1\ Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be
composed of two Senators from each State, [chosen by the
Legislature] thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall
have one Vote.
1711.8 \2\ Immediately after they shall be assembled in
Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as
equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the
Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the
Expiration of the Second Year, of the second Class at the
Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the
Expiration of the sixth Year; so that one-third may be
chosen every second Year; [and if Vacancies happen by
Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the
Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make
temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the
Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies].
1711.9 \3\ No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have
attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a
Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when
elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall
be chosen.
[[Page 555]]
1711.10 \4\ The Vice President of the United States shall be
President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they
be equally divided.
1711.11 \5\ The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and
also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice
President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President
of the United States.
1711.12 \6\ The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all
Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be
on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United
States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no
Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two-
thirds of the Members present.
1711.13 \7\ Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend
further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to
hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust, or Profit under
the United States: but the Party convicted shall
nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial,
Judgment, and Punishment, according to Law.
1711.14 Section 4. \1\ The Time, Places and Manner of holding
Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be
prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the
Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such
Regulations, except as to the Places of choosing Senators.
1711.15 \2\ [The Congress shall assemble at least once in every
Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in
December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.]
The part included in brackets in Article I, section 4,
clause 2 was superseded by section 2 of amendment XX.
1711.16 Section 5. \1\ Each House shall be the Judge of the
Elections, Returns, and Qualifications of its own Members,
and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do
Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day,
and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent
Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each
House may provide.
1711.17 \2\ Each House may determine the Rules of its
Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behavior,
and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.
1711.18 \3\ Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings,
and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts
as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the
[[Page 556]]
Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question
shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present be
entered on the Journal.
1711.19 \4\ Neither House, during the Session of Congress,
shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more
than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which
the two Houses shall be sitting.
1711.20 Section 6. \1\ The Senators and Representatives shall
receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained
by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.
They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach
of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their
Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in
going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or
Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any
other Place.
1711.21 \2\ No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office
under the Authority of the United States, which shall have
been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been
encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office
under the United States, shall be a Member of either House
during his Continuance in Office.
1711.22 Section 7. \1\ All Bills for raising Revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate
may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
1711.23 \2\ Every Bill which shall have passed the House of
Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a
Law, be presented to the President of the United States; if
he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it,
with his Objections to that House in which it shall have
originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their
Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such
Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass
the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to
the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,
and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become
a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall
be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons
voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the
Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be
returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted)
after it shall
[[Page 557]]
have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like
Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their
Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not
be a Law.
1711.24 \3\ Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the
Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may
be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be
presented to the President of the United States; and before
the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or
being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the
Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
1711.25 Section 8. \1\ The Congress shall have Power To lay and
collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts
and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of
the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall
be uniform throughout the United States;
1711.26 \2\ To borrow money on the credit of the United States;
1711.27 \3\ To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among
the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;
1711.28 \4\ To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and
uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the
United States;
1711.29 \5\ To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of
foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;
1711.30 \6\ To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the
Securities and current Coin of the United States;
1711.31 \7\ To establish Post Offices and post Roads;
1711.32 \8\ To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts,
by securing for limited Times to Authors and
Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings
and Discoveries;
1711.33 \9\ To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme
Court;
1711.34 \10\ To define and punish Piracies and Felonies
committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of
Nations;
1711.35 \11\ To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and
Reprisal and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and
Water;
1711.36 \12\ To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation
of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two
Years;
[[Page 558]]
1711.37 \13\ To provide and maintain a Navy;
1711.38 \14\ To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of
the land and naval Forces;
1711.39 \15\ To provide for calling forth the Militia to
execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and
repel Invasions;
1711.40 \16\ To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining
the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be
employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to
the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers,
and the Authority of training the Militia according to the
discipline prescribed by Congress;
1711.41 \17\ To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases
whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles
square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the
acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of
the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all
Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the
State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,
Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful
Buildings;--And
1711.42 \18\ To make all Laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and
all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States, or in any Department or
Officer thereof.
1711.43 Section 9. \1\ The Migration or Importation of Such
Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper
to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to
the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or
duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten
dollars for each Person.
1711.44 \2\ The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not
be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion
the public Safety may require it.
1711.45 \3\ No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be
passed.
1711.46 \4\ No capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid,
unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein
before directed to be taken. \2\
\2\ See also amendment XVI.
[[Page 559]]
1711.47 \5\ No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported
from any State.
1711.48 \6\ No preference shall be given by any Regulation of
Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of
another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State be
obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.
1711.49 \7\ No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in
Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular
Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of
all public Money shall be published from time to time.
1711.50 \8\ No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United
States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust
under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress,
accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any
kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
1711.51 Section 10.\1\ No State shall enter into any Treaty,
Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and
Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing
but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass
any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing
the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.
1711.52 \2\ No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress,
lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what
may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection
Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by
any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the
Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be
subject to the Revision and Control of the Congress.
1711.53 \3\ No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay
any duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of
Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another
State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless
actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not
admit of delay.
1712
ARTICLE II
1712.1 Section 1. \1\ The executive Power shall be vested in a
President of the United States of America. He shall
[[Page 560]]
hold his Office during the Term of four years, \3\ and,
together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same Term,
be elected, as follows:
\3\See also amendment XXII.
1712.2 \2\ Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the
Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal
to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which
the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or
Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or
Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an
Elector.
1712.3 [The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and
vote by Ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall
not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And
they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of
the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and
certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government
of the United States, directed to the President of the
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the
Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The
Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the
President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number
of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who
have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then
the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by
Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a
Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said
House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in
chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States,
the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum
for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from
two-thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States
shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the
Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest
Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President.
But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes,
the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice-
President.]
The part in Article II, section 1, clause 2 included in
brackets was superseded by amendment XII.
1712.4 \3\ The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the
Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their
[[Page 561]]
Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United
States.
1712.5 \4\ No person except a natural born Citizen, or a
Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of
this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of
President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that
Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty-five
Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United
States.
1712.6 \5\ In case of the Removal of the President from Office,
or of his Death, resignation, or Inability to discharge the
Powers and Duties of the said Office,\4\ the same shall
devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law
provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or
Inability, both of the President and Vice President,
declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such
Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be
removed, or a President shall be elected.
\4\ See also amendment XXV.
1712.7 \6\ The President shall, at stated Times, receive for
his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be
encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he
shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within
that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or
any of them.
1712.8 \7\ Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he
shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--``I do
solemly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the
Office of President of the United States, and will to the
best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United States.''
1712.9 Section 2. \1\ The President shall be Commander in Chief
of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the
Militia of the several States, when called into the actual
Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in
writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive
Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of
their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant
Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United
States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
1712.10 \2\ He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and
Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-
[[Page 562]]
thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall
nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the
Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers
and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other
Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not
herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be
established by law; but the Congress may by Law vest the
Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper,
in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the
Heads of Departments.
1712.11 \3\ The President shall have Power to fill up all
Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate,
by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of
their next Session.
1712.12 Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the
Congress Information of the State of the Union, and
recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall
judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary
Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in
Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time
of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall
think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public
Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully
executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the
United States.
1712.13 Section 4. The President, Vice President and all civil
Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office
on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or
other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
1713 ARTICLE III
1713.1 Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States,
shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior
Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and
establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior
Courts, shall hold their offices during good Behaviour, and
shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a
Compensation which shall not be diminished during their
Continuance in Office.
1713.2 Section 2. \1\ The judicial Power shall extend to all
Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution,
the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which
shall be made, under their Authority;--to all Cases
[[Page 563]]
affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;--
to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to
Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--
to Controversies between two or more States;--between a
State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of
different States;--between Citizens of the same State
claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between
a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States,
Citizens or Subjects.
1713.3 \2\ In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public
Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be
Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction.
In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court
shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact,
with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the
Congress shall make.
1713.4 \3\ The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of
Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held
in the State where the said Crimes shall have been
committed; but when not committed within any State, the
Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may
by Law have directed.
1713.5 Section 3. \1\ Treason against the United States, shall
consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to
their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall
be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two
Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open
Court.
1713.6 \2\ The Congress shall have power to declare the
Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall
work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the
Life of the Person attainted.
1714 ARTICLE IV
1714.1 Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each
State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings
of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws
prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and
Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.
1714.2 Section 2. \1\ The Citizens of each State shall be
entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the
several States.
[[Page 564]]
1714.3 \2\ A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony,
or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in
another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of
the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed
to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.
1714.4 \3\ [No Person held to Service or Labour in one State,
under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in
Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged
from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on
Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be
due.]
The part included in brackets in Article IV, section 2,
clause 3 was superseded by amendment XIII.
1714.5 Section 3. \1\ New States may be admitted by the
Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed
or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor
any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States,
or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures
of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.
1714.6 \2\ The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make
all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory
of other Property belonging to the United States; and
nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to
Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any
particular State.
1714.7 Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every
State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and
shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on
Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when
the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic
Violence.
ARTICLE V
1715 The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall
deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this
Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of
two-thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention
for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be
valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this
Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-
fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three-
fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of
Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that
no
[[Page 565]]
Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first
and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first
Article, and that no State without its Consent, shall be
deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.
1716 ARTICLE VI
1716.1 \1\ All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into,
before the Adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid
against the United States under this Constitution, as under
the Confederation.
1716.2 \2\ This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States
which shall be made in Pursuance thereof, and all Treaties
made, or which shall be made, under Authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land, and the Judges
in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the
Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary
notwithstanding.
1716.3 \3\ The Senators and Representatives before mentioned,
and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all
executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States
and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or
Affirmation, to support this constitution; but no religious
Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office
or public Trust under the United States.
1717 ARTICLE VII
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall
be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution
between the States so ratifying the Same.
1718 Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States
present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and
of the Independence of the United States of America the
Twelfth. In witness whereof We have here unto subscribed
our Names,
Go. WASHINGTON--
Presidt. and deputy from Virginia.
New Hampshire
John Langdon,
Nicholas Gilman.
[[Page 566]]
Massachusetts
Nathaniel Gorham,
Rufus King.
Connecticut
Wm. Saml. Johnson,
Roger Sherman.
New York
Alexander Hamiltion.
New Jersey
Wil: Livingston,
David Brearley,
Wm. Paterson,
Jona. Dayton.
Pennsylvania
B. Franklin,
Robt. Morris,
Tho: Fitzsimons,
James Wilson,
Thomas Mifflin,
Geo: Clymer,
Jared Ingersoll,
Gouv: Morris.
Delaware
Geo: Read,
John Dickinson,
Jaco: Broom,
Gunning Bedford, Jun'r,
Richard Bassett.
Maryland
James M'Henry,
Danl Carroll,
Dan: of St. Thos. Jenifer.
Virginia
John Blair,
James Madison, Jr.
North Carolina
Wm. Blount,
Hu. Williamson,
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight.
South Carolina
J. Rutledge,
Charles Pinckney,
Charles Cotesworth
Pinckney,
Pierce Butler.
[[Page 567]]
Georgia
William Few,
Attest:
Abr. Baldwin.
William Jackson, Secretary.
constitution of the united states
[[Page 569]]
[1720]
____________________________________________________________
Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the constitution
of the united states of america, proposed by congress,
and ratified by the legislatures of the several states,
pursuant to the fifth article of the original
constitution
____________________________________________________________
1721 AMENDMENT I \1\
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition
the Government for a redress of grievances.
\1\The first 10 amendments were proposed by Congress on
September 25, 1789, when they passed the Senate [1 Ann.
Cong. (1st Cong., 1st sess.) 90], having previously passed
the House on September 24, 1789 [Id., 948]. They appear
officially in 1 Stat. 97 and were proposed to the
legislatures of the several States by the First Congress on
September 25, 1789. The first 10 amendments were ratified by
the following States on the following dates: New Jersey,
November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North
Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19,
1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28,
1790; New York, February 27, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10,
1790; Rhode Island, June 7, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791;
Virginia, December 15, 1791; Massachusetts, March 2, 1939;
Georgia, March 18, 1939; Connecticut, April 19, 1939.
In Dillon v. Gloss, 256 U.S. 368 [1921], the Supreme
Court stated that it would take judicial notice of the date
on which a State ratified a proposed constitutional
amendment. Accordingly, the Court consulted the State
journals to determine the dates on which each house of the
legislature of certain States ratified the Eighteenth
amendment. It, therefore, follows that the date on which the
governor approved the ratification, or the date on which the
secretary of state of a given State certified the
ratification, or the date on which the Secretary of State of
the United States received a copy of said certificate, or
the date on which he proclaimed that the amendment had been
ratified are not controlling. Hence, the ratification date
given on the following pages is the date on which the
legislature of a given State approved the particular
amendment (signature by the speaker or presiding officers of
both houses being considered a part of the ratification of
the ``legislature''). When that date is not available, the
date given is that on which it was approved by the governor
or certified by the secretary of state of the particular
State. In each case such fact has been noted. Information as
to ratification is based on data supplied by the Department
of State and the General Services Administration.
1722 AMENDMENT II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the
security of a free State, the right of the people to keep
and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
[[Page 570]]
1723 AMENDMENT III
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any
house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war,
but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
1724 AMENDMENT IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall
issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be
searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
1725 AMENDMENT V
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or
other wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual
service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any
person be subject for the same offenses to be twice put in
jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any
criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process
of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use,
without just compensation.
1726 AMENDMENT VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy
the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury
of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been
committed, which district shall have been previously
ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses
against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of
Counsel for his defence.
1727 AMENDMENT VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy
shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury
shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be
other
[[Page 571]]
wise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than
according to the rules of the common law.
1728 AMENDMENT VIII
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive
fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
1729 AMENDMENT IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained
by the people.
1730 AMENDMENT X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
1731 AMENDMENT XI \2\
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be
construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced
or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens
of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
State.
\2\The eleventh amendment was proposed by Congress on
March 4, 1794, when it passed the House [4 Ann. Cong. (3d
Cong., 1st sess.) 477, 478], having previously passed the
Senate on January 14 [Id., 30, 31]. It appears officially in
1 Stat. 402. Ratification was completed on February 7, 1795,
when the twelfth State (North Carolina) approved the
amendment, there being then 15 States in the Union. Official
announcement of ratification was not made until January 8,
1798, when President John Adams in a message to Congress
stated that the eleventh amendment had been adopted by
three-fourths of the States and that it ``may now be deemed
to be part of the Constitution'' [1 Mess. and Papers of
Pres. 250]. In the interim South Carolina had ratified, and
Tennessee had been admitted into the Union as the sixteenth
State.
The eleventh amendment was ratified by the several State
legislatures on the following dates: New York, March 27,
1794; Rhode Island, March 31, 1794; Connecticut, May 8,
1794; New Hampshire, June 16, 1794; Massachusetts, June 26,
1794; Vermont, between October 9 and November 9, 1794;
Virginia, November 18, 1794; Georgia, November 29, 1794;
Kentucky, December 7, 1794; Maryland, December 26, 1794;
Delaware, January 23, 1795; North Carolina, February 7,
1795; South Carolina, December 4, 1797 [State Department,
Press Releases, vol. XII, p. 247 (1935)].
1732 AMENDMENT XII \3\
AMENDMENT XII
The electors shall meet in their respective states, and
vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of
The part included in brackets in amendment XII was
superseded by section 3 of amendment XX.
\3\The twelfth amendment was proposed by Congress on
December 9, 1803, when it passed the House [13 Ann. Cong.
(8th Cong., 1st sess.) 775, 776], having previously passed
the Senate on December 2 [Id., 209]. It was not signed by
the presiding officers of the House and Senate until
December 12. It appears officially in 2 Stat. 306.
Ratification was probably completed on June 15, 1804, when
the legislature of the thirteenth State (New Hampshire)
approved the amendment, there being then 17 States in the
Union. The Governor of New Hampshire, however, vetoed this
act of the legislature on June 20, and the act failed to
pass again by two-thirds vote then required by the State
constitution. In as much as Article V of the Federal
Constitution specifies that amendments shall become
effective ``when ratified by the legislatures of three-
fourths of the several States or by conventions in three-
fourths thereof,'' it has been generally believed that an
approval or veto by a Governor is without significance. If
the ratification by New Hampshire be deemed ineffective,
then the amendment became operative by Tennessee's
ratification on July 27, 1804. On September 25, 1804, in a
circular letter to the Governors of the several States,
Secretary of State Madison declared the amendment ratified
by three-fourths of the States.
The twelfth amendment was ratified by the several State
legislatures on the following dates: North Carolina,
December 22, 1803; Maryland, December 24, 1803; Kentucky,
December 27, 1803; Ohio, between December 5 and December 30,
1803; Pennsylvania, January 5, 1804; Vermont, January 30,
1804; Virginia, between December 20, 1803 and February 3,
1804; New York, February 10, 1804; New Jersey, February 22,
1804; Rhode Island, between February 27 and March 12, 1804;
South Carolina, May 15, 1804; Georgia, May 19, 1804; New
Hampshire, June 15, 1804; Tennessee, July 27, 1804. The
amendment was rejected by Delaware on January 18, 1804; and
by Connecticut at its session begun May 10, 1804;
Massachusetts ratified this amendment in 1961 (after having
rejected it on February 3, 1804).
[[Page 572]]
whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state
with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person
voted for, as President, and in distinct ballots the person
voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all
persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of
votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and
transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the President of the Senate;--The
President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate
and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and
the votes shall then be counted;--The person having the
greatest number of votes for President, shall be the
President, if such number be a majority of the whole number
of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority,
then from the persons having the highest numbers not
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President,
the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the
votes shall be taken by states the representation from each
state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall
consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the
states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary
to a choice. [And if the House of Representatives shall not
choose a President whenever the right of
[[Page 573]]
choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of
March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as
President, as in the case of the death or other
constitutional disability of the President.]--The person
having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall
be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the
whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a
majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the
Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the
purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of
Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be
necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally
ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to
that of Vice-President of the United States.
1733 AMENDMENT XIII \4\
1733.1 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
\4\The thirteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
January 31, 1865, when it passed the House [Cong. Globe
(38th Cong., 2d sess.) 531], having previously passed the
Senate on April 8, 1864 [Id. (38th cong., 1st sess.) 1490].
It appears officially in 13 Stat. 567 under date of February
1, 1865. Ratification was completed on December 6, 1865,
when the legislature of the twenty-seventh State (Georgia)
approved the amendment, there being then 36 States in the
Union. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State Seward
certified that the thirteenth amendment had become a part of
the Constitution [13 Stat. 774].
The thirteenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois,
February 1, 1865; Rhode Island, February 2, 1865; Michigan,
February 2, 1865; Maryland, February 3, 1865; New York,
February 3, 1865; West Virginia, February 3, 1865; Missouri,
February 6, 1865; Maine, February 7, 1865; Kansas, February
7, 1865; Massachusetts, February 7, 1865; Pennsylvania,
February 8, 1865; Virginia, February 9, 1865; Ohio, February
10, 1865; Louisiana, February 15 or 16, 1865; Indiana,
February 16, 1865; Nevada, February 16, 1865; Minnesota,
February 23, 1865; Wisconsin, February 24, 1865; Vermont,
March 9, 1865 (date on which it was ``approved'' by
Governor); Tennessee, April 7, 1865; Arkansas, April 14,
1865; Connecticut, May 4, 1865; New Hampshire, June 30,
1865; South Carolina, November 13, 1865; Alabama, December
2, 1865 (date on which it was ``approved'' by Provisional
Governor); North Carolina, December 4, 1865; Georgia,
December 6, 1865; Oregon, December 11, 1865; California,
December 15, 1865; Florida, December 28, 1865 (Florida again
ratified this amendment on June 9, 1868, upon its adoption
of a new constitution); Iowa, January 17, 1866; New Jersey,
January 23, 1866 (after having rejected the amendment on
March 16, 1865); Texas, February 17, 1870; Delaware,
February 12, 1901 (after having rejected the amendment on
February 8, 1865); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having
rejected the amendment on February 24, 1865). The amendment
was rejected by Mississippi on December 2, 1865.
A ``thirteenth amendment'' depriving of United States
citizenship any citizen who should accept any title, office,
or emolument from a foreign power, was proposed by Congress
on May 1, 1810, when it passed the House [21 Ann. Cong.
(11th Cong., 2d sess.) 2050], having previously passed the
Senate on April 27 [20 Ann. Cong. (11th Cong., 2d sess.)
672]. It appears officially in 2 Stat. 613. It failed of
adoption, being ratified by but 12 States up to December 10,
1812 [2 Miscell. Amer. State Papers, 477-479; 2 Doc. Hist.
Const. 454-499], there then being 18 in all.
Another ``thirteenth amendment'', forbidding any future
amendment that should empower Congress to interfere with the
domestic institution of any State, was proposed by Congress
on March 2, 1861, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Globe
(36th Cong., 2d sess.) 1403], having previously passed the
House on February 28 [Id., 1285]. It appears officially in
12 Stat. 2512. It failed of adoption, being ratified by but
three States: Ohio, May 13, 1861 [58 Laws Ohio 190];
Maryland, January 10, 1862 [Laws Maryland (1861-62) 21];
Illinois, February 14, 1862 [2 Doc. Hist. Const., 518]
irregular, because by convention instead of by legislature
as authorized by Congress.
[[Page 574]]
1733.2 Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
1734 AMENDMENT XIV
AMENDMENT XIV \5\
1734.1 Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are
[[Page 575]]
citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they
reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall
abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the
United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of
life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor
deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal
protection of the laws.
\5\The fourteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
June 13, 1866, when it passed the House [Cong. Globe (39th
Cong., 1st sess.) 3148, 3149], having previously passed the
Senate on June 8 [Id., 3042]. It appears officially in 14
Stat. 358 under date of June 16, 1866. Ratification was
probably completed on July 9, 1868, when the legislature of
the twenty-eighth State (South Carolina or Louisiana)
approved the amendment, there being then 37 States in the
Union. However, Ohio and New Jersey had prior to that date
``withdrawn'' their earlier assent to this amendment.
Accordingly, Secretary of State Seward on July 20, 1868,
certified that the amendment had become a part of the
Constitution if the said withdrawals were ineffective [15
Stat. 706-707]. Congress at once (July 21, 1868) passed a
joint resolution declaring the amendment a part of the
Constitution and directing the Secretary to promulgate it as
such. On July 28, 1868, Secretary Seward certified without
reservation that the amendment was a part of the
Constitution. In the interim, two other States, Alabama on
July 13 and Georgia on July 21, 1868, had added their
ratifications.
The fourteenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Connecticut, June
30, 1866; New Hampshire, July 7, 1866; Tennessee, July 19,
1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866 (the New Jersey
Legislature on February 20, 1868, ``withdrew'' its consent
to the ratification; the Governor vetoed that bill on March
5, 1868, and it was repassed over his veto on March 24,
1868; and on Nov. 12, 1980, the Legislature expressed
support for the amendment); Oregon, September 19, 1866
(Oregon ``withdrew'' its consent on October 15, 1868);
Vermont, October 30, 1866; New York, January 10, 1867; Ohio,
January 11, 1867 (Ohio ``withdrew'' its consent on January
15, 1868); Illinois, January 15, 1867; West Virginia,
January 16, 1867; Michigan, January 16, 1867; Kansas,
January 17, 1867; Minnesota, January 17, 1867; Maine,
January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; Indiana, January
23, 1867; Missouri, January 26, 1867 (date on which it was
certified by the Missouri secretary of state); Rhode Island,
February 7, 1867; Pennsylvania, February 12, 1867;
Wisconsin, February 13, 1867 (actually passed February 7,
but not signed by legislative officers until February 13);
Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867;
Iowa, March 9, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, 1868; Florida, June
9, 1868; North Carolina, July 2, 1868 (after having rejected
the amendment on December 13, 1866); Louisiana, July 9, 1868
(after having rejected the amendment on February 6, 1867);
South Carolina, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected the
amendment on December 20, 1866); Alabama, July 13, 1868
(date on which it was ``approved'' by the Governor);
Georgia, July 21, 1868 (after having rejected the amendment
on November 9, 1866--Georgia ratified again on February 2,
1870); Virginia, October 8, 1869 (after having rejected the
amendment on January 9, 1867); Mississippi, January 17,
1870; Texas, February 18, 1870 (after having rejected the
amendment on October 27, 1866); Delaware, February 12, 1901
(after having rejected the amendment on February 8, 1867);
Maryland, April 4, 1959 (after having rejected the amendment
on March 23, 1867); California, May 6, 1959; Kentucky, March
18, 1976 (after having rejected the amendment on January 8,
1867).
1734.2 Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among
the several States according to their respective numbers,
counting the whole number of persons in each State,
excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at
any election for the choice of electors for President and
Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in
Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or
the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of
the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years
of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other
crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced
in the proportion which the number of such male citizens
shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one
years of age in such State.
1734.3 Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or
Representative in Congress, or elector of President and
Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under
the United States, or under any State, who, having
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an
officer of the United States, or as a member of any State
legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any
State, to support the Constitution of the United States,
shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But
Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove
such disability.
1734.4 Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United
States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for
payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing
insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But
neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay
any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or
rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the
loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts,
obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
[[Page 576]]
1734.5 Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
1735 AMENDMENT XV
AMENDMENT XV \6\
1735.1 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or
by any State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
\6\The fifteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
February 26, 1869, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Globe
(40th Cong., 3d sess.) 1641], having previously passed the
House on February 25 [Id., 1563, 1564]. It appears
officially in 15 Stat. 346 under date of February 27, 1869.
Ratification was probably completed on February 3, 1870,
when the legislature of the twenty-eighth State (Iowa)
approved the amendment, there being then 37 States in the
Union. However, New York had prior to that date
``withdrawn'' its earlier assent to this amendment. Even if
this withdrawal were effective, Nebraska's ratification on
February 17, 1870, authorized Secretary of State Fish's
certification of March 30, 1870, that the 15th amendment had
become a part of the Constitution [16 Stat. 1131].
The fifteenth amendmentas ratified by the several State
legislatures on the following dates: Nevada, March 1, 1869;
West Virginia, March 3, 1869; North Carolina, March 5, 1869;
Louisiana, March 5, 1869 (date on which it was ``approved''
by the Governor); Illinois, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March
5, 1869; Wisconsin, March 5, 1869; Maine, March 11, 1869;
Massachusetts, March 12, 1869; South Carolina, March 15,
1869; Arkansas, March 15, 1869; Pennsylvania, March 25,
1869; New York, April 14, 1869 (New York ``withdrew'' its
consent to the ratification on January 5, 1870, which action
it rescinded on March 30, 1970); Indiana, May 14, 1869;
Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 14, 1869; New
Hampshire, July 1, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869; Vermont,
October 20, 1869; Alabama, November 16, 1869; Missouri,
January 7, 1870 (Missouri had ratified the first section of
the 15th Amendment on March 1, 1869; it failed to include in
its ratification the second section of the amendment);
Minnesota, January 13, 1870; Mississippi, January 17, 1870;
Rhode Island, January 18, 1870; Kansas, January 19, 1870
(Kansas had by a defectively worded resolution previously
ratified this amendment on February 27, 1869); Ohio, January
27, 1870 (after having rejected the amendment on May 4,
1869); Georgia, February 2, 1870; Iowa, February 3, 1870;
Nebraska, February 17, 1870; Texas, February 18, 1870; New
Jersey, February 15, 1871 (after having rejected the
amendment on February 7, 1870); Delaware, February 12, 1901
(date on which approved by Governor; Delaware had previously
rejected the amendment on March 18, 1869); Oregon, February
24, 1959 (after having rejected the amendment on October 26,
1870); California, April 3, 1962 (after having rejected the
amendment on January 28, 1870); Maryland, May 7, 1973 (date
on which approved by Governor; Maryland had previously
rejected the amendment on February 26, 1870); Kentucky,
March 18, 1976 (after having rejected the amendment on March
12, 1869). The amendment was rejected by Tennessee on
November 16, 1869.
1735.2 Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
1736 AMENDMENT XVI \7\
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes
on incomes, from whatever source derived, without appor
[[Page 577]]
tionment among the several States, and without regard to any
census or enumeration.
\7\The sixteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
July 12, 1909, when it passed the House [44 Cong. Rec. (61st
Cong., 1st sess.) 4390, 4440, 4441], having previously
passed the Senate on July 5 [Id., 4121]. It appears
officially in 36 Stat. 184. Ratification was completed on
February 3, 1913, when the legislature of the thirty-sixth
State (Delaware, Wyoming, or New Mexico) approved the
amendment, there being then 48 States in the Union. On
February 25, 1913, Secretary of State Knox certified that
this amendment had become a part of the Constitution [37
Stat. 1785].
The sixteenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Alabama, August
10, 1909; Kentucky, February 8, 1910; South Carolina,
February 19, 1910; Illinois, March 1, 1910; Mississippi,
March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland, April 8,
1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio,
January 19, 1911; Idaho, January 20, 1911; Oregon, January
23, 1911; Washington, January 26, 1911; Montana, January 27,
1911; Indiana, January 30, 1911; California, January 31,
1911; Nevada, January 31, 1911; South Dakota, February 1,
1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911; North Carolina, February
11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota,
February 17, 1911; Michigan, February 23, 1911; Iowa,
February 24, 1911; Kansas, March 2, 1911; Missouri, March
16, 1911; Maine, March 31, 1911; Tennessee, April 7, 1911;
Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after having rejected the
amendment at the session begun January 9, 1911); Wisconsin,
May 16, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; Arizona, April 3,
1912; Minnesota, June 11, 1912; Louisiana, June 28, 1912;
West Virginia, January 31, 1913; Delaware, February 3, 1913;
Wyoming, February 3, 1913; New Mexico, February 3, 1913; New
Jersey, February 4, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913;
Massachusetts, March 4, 1913; New Hampshire, March 7, 1913
(after having rejected the amendment on March 2, 1911). The
amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by
Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah.
1737 AMENDMENT XVII \8\
\8\The seventeenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
May 13, 1912, when it passed the House [48 Cong. Rec. (62d
Cong., 2d sess.) 6367], having previously passed the Senate
on June 12, 1911 [47 Cong. Rec. (62d Cong., 1st sess.)
1925]. It appears officially in 37 Stat. 646. Ratification
was completed on April 8, 1913, when the thirty-sixth State
(Connecticut) approved the amendment, there being then 48
States in the Union. On May 31, 1913, Secretary of State
Bryan certified that it had become a part of the
Constitution [38 Stat. 2049].
The seventeenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Massachusetts,
May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10,
1912; New York, January 15, 1913; Kansas, January 17, 1913;
Oregon, January 23, 1913; North Carolina, January 25, 1913;
California, January 28, 1913; Michigan, January 28, 1913;
Iowa, January 30, 1913; Montana, January 30, 1913; Idaho,
January 31, 1913; West Virginia, February 4, 1913; Colorado,
February 5, 1913; Nevada, February 6, 1913; Texas, February
7, 1913; Washington, February 7, 1913; Wyoming, February 8,
1913; Arkansas, February 11, 1913; Illinois, February 13,
1913; North Dakota, February 14, 1913; Wisconsin, February
18, 1913; Indiana, February 19, 1913; New Hampshire,
February 19, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; South Dakota,
February 19, 1913; Maine, February 20, 1913; Oklahoma,
February 24, 1913; Ohio, February 25, 1913; Missouri, March
7, 1913; New Mexico, March 13, 1913; Nebraska, March 14,
1913; New Jersey, March 17, 1913; Tennessee, April 1, 1913;
Pennsylvania, April 2, 1913; Connecticut, April 8, 1913;
Louisiana, June 5, 1914. The amendment was rejected by Utah
on February 26, 1913.
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for
six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The
electors in each State shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the
State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State
in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Pro
[[Page 578]]
vided, That the legislature of any State may empower the
executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the
people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may
direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect
the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes
valid as part of the Constitution.
1738 AMENDMENT XVIII
AMENDMENT XVIII \9\
1738.1 [Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this
article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of
intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into,
or the exportation thereof from the United States and all
territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage
purposes is hereby prohibited.
Amendment XVIII was repealed in its entirety by
amendment XXI.
\9\The eighteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
December 18, 1917, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec.
(65th Cong., 2d sess.) 478], having previously passed the
House on December 17 [Id., 470]. It appears officially in 40
Stat. 1050. Ratification was completed on January 16, 1919,
when the thirty-sixth State approved the amendment, there
being then 48 States in the Union. On January 29, 1919,
Acting Secretary of State Polk certified that this amendment
had been adopted by the requisite number of States [40 Stat.
1941]. By its terms this amendment did not become effective
until 1 year after ratification.
The eighteenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Mississippi,
January 8, 1918; Virginia, January 11, 1918; Kentucky,
January 14, 1918; North Dakota, January 28, 1918 (date on
which approved by Governor); South Carolina, January 29,
1918; Maryland, February 13, 1918; Montana, February 19,
1918; Texas, March 4, 1918; Delaware, March 18, 1918; South
Dakota, March 20, 1918; Massachusetts, April 2, 1918;
Arizona, May 24, 1918; Georgia, June 26, 1918; Louisiana,
August 9, 1918 (date on which approved by Governor);
Florida, November 27, 1918; Michigan, January 2, 1919; Ohio,
January 7, 1919; Oklahoma, January 7, 1919; Idaho, January
8, 1919; Maine, January 8, 1919; West Virginia, January 9,
1919; California, January 13, 1919; Tennessee, January 13,
1919; Washington, January 13, 1919; Arkansas, January 14,
1919; Kansas, January 14, 1919; Illinois, January 14, 1919;
Indiana, January 14, 1919; Alabama, January 15, 1919;
Colorado, January 15, 1919; Iowa, January 15, 1919; New
Hampshire, January 15, 1919; Oregon, January 15, 1919;
Nebraska, January 16, 1919; North Carolina, January 16,
1919; Utah, January 16, 1919; Missouri, January 16, 1919;
Wyoming, January 16, 1919; Minnesota, January 17, 1919;
Wisconsin, January 17, 1919; New Mexico, January 20, 1919;
Nevada, January 21, 1919; New York, January 29, 1919;
Vermont, January 29, 1919; Pennsylvania, February 25, 1919;
Connecticut, May 6, 1919; New Jersey, March 9, 1922. The
amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by
Rhode Island.
1738.2 [Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall
have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.
1738.3 [Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it
shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution
by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in
the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the States by the Congress.]
[[Page 579]]
1739 AMENDMENT XIX \10\
\10\The nineteenth amendment was proposed by Congress on
June 4, 1919, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec. (66th
Cong., 1st sess.) 635], having previously passed the House
on May 21 [Id., 94]. It appears officially in 41 Stat. 362.
Ratification was completed on August 18, 1920, when the
thirty-sixth State (Tennessee) approved the amendment, there
being then 48 States in the Union. On August 26, 1920,
Secretary of State Colby certified that it had become a part
of the Constitution [41 Stat. 1823].
The nineteenth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois, June
10, 1919 (readopted June 17, 1919); Michigan, June 10, 1919;
Wisconsin, June 10, 1919; Kansas, June 16, 1919; New York,
June 16, 1919; Ohio, June 16, 1919; Pennsylvania, June 24,
1919; Massachusetts, June 25, 1919; Texas, June 28, 1919;
Iowa, July 2, 1919 (date on which approved by Governor);
Missouri, July 3, 1919; Arkansas, July 28, 1919; Montana,
August 2, 1919 (date on which approved by Governor);
Nebraska, August 2, 1919; Minnesota, September 8, 1919; New
Hampshire, September 10, 1919 (date on which approved by
Governor); Utah, October 2, 1919; California, November 1,
1919; Maine, November 5, 1919; North Dakota, December 1,
1919; South Dakota, December 4, 1919 (date on which
certified); Colorado, December 15, 1919 (date on which
approved by Governor); Kentucky, January 6, 1920; Rhode
Island, January 6, 1920; Oregon, January 13, 1920; Indiana,
January 16, 1920; Wyoming, January 27, 1920; Nevada,
February 7, 1920; New Jersey, February 9, 1920; Idaho,
February 11, 1920; Arizona, February 12, 1920; New Mexico,
February 21, 1920 (date on which approved by Governor);
Oklahoma, February 28, 1920; West Virginia, March 10, 1920;
Washington, March 22, 1920; Tennessee, August 18, 1920;
Connecticut, September 14, 1920 (confirmed September 21,
1920); Vermont, February 8, 1921; Delaware, March 6, 1923
(after having rejected it on June 2, 1920); Maryland, March
29, 1941 (after having rejected it on February 24, 1920,
ratification certified on February 25, 1958); Virginia,
February 21, 1952 (after having rejected it on February 12,
1920); Alabama, September 8, 1953 (after having rejected it
on September 22, 1919); Florida, May 13, 1969; South
Carolina, July 1, 1969 (after having rejected it on January
29, 1920); Georgia, February 20, 1970 (after having rejected
it on July 24, 1919); Louisiana, June 11, 1970 (after having
rejected it on July 1, 1920); North Carolina, May 6, 1971;
Mississippi, March 22, 1984 (after having rejected it on
March 29, 1920).
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.
1740 AMENDMENT XX \11\
AMENDMENT XX
1740.1 Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice-President
shall end at noon on the 20th day of January,
[[Page 580]]
and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on
the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms
would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and
the terms of their successors shall then begin.
\11\The twentieth amendment was proposed by Congress on
March 2, 1932, when it passed the Senate [Cong. Rec. (72d
Cong., 1st sess.) 5086], having previously passed the House
on March 1 [Id., 5027]. It appears officially in 47 Stat.
745. Ratification was completed on January 23, 1933, when
the thirty-sixth State approved the amendment, there being
then 48 States in the Union. On February 6, 1933, Secretary
of State Stimson certified that it had become a part of the
Constitution [47 Stat. 2569].
The twentieth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Virginia, March
4, 1932; New York, March 11, 1932; Mississippi, March 16,
1932; Arkansas, March 17, 1932; Kentucky, March 17, 1932;
New Jersey, March 21, 1932; South Carolina, March 25, 1932;
Michigan, March 31, 1932; Maine, April 1, 1932; Rhode
Island, April 14, 1932; Illinois, April 21, 1932; Louisiana,
June 22, 1932; West Virginia, July 30, 1932; Pennsylvania,
August 11, 1932; Indiana, August 15, 1932; Texas, September
7, 1932; Alabama, September 13, 1932; California, January 4,
1933; North Carolina, January 5, 1933; North Dakota, January
9, 1933; Minnesota, January 12, 1933; Arizona, January 13,
1933; Montana, January 13, 1933; Nebraska, January 13, 1933;
Oklahoma, January 13, 1933; Kansas, January 16, 1933;
Oregon, January 16, 1933; Delaware, January 19, 1933;
Washington, January 19, 1933; Wyoming, January 19, 1933;
Iowa, January 20, 1933; South Dakota, January 20, 1933;
Tennessee, January 20, 1933; Idaho, January 21, 1933; New
Mexico, January 21, 1933; Georgia, January 23, 1933;
Missouri, January 23, 1933; Ohio, January 23, 1933; Utah,
January 23, 1933; Colorado, January 24, 1933; Massachusetts,
January 24, 1933; Wisconsin, January 24, 1933; Nevada,
January 26, 1933; Connecticut, January 27, 1933; New
Hampshire, January 31, 1933; Vermont, February 2, 1933;
Maryland, March 24, 1933; Florida, April 26, 1933.
A proposed amendment which would authorize Congress to
limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under 18
years of age was passed by Congress on June 2, 1924. This
proposal at the time it was submitted to the States was
referred to as ``the proposed 20th Amendment.'' It appears
officially in 43 Stat. 670. The status of this proposed
amendment is a matter of conflicting opinion. The Kentucky
Court of Appeals in Wise v. Chandler (270 Ky. 1 [1937]) has
held that it is no longer open to ratification because: (1)
Rejected by more than one-fourth of the States; (2) a State
may not reject and then subsequently ratify, at least when
more than one-fourth of the States are on record as
rejecting; and (3) more than a reasonable time has elapsed
since it was submitted to the States in 1924 (for subsequent
litigation in the Chandler case see 303 U.S. 634 and 307
U.S. 474). The Kansas Supreme Court in Coleman v. Miller
(146 Kan. 390 [1937]) came to the opposite conclusion.
On October 1, 1937, 27 States had ratified the proposed
amendment. Of these States 10 had previously rejected the
amendment on one or more occasions. At least 26 different
States have at one time rejected the amendment.
1740.2 Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in
every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d
day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different
day.
1740.3 Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of
the term of the President, the President elect shall have
died, the Vice-President elect shall become President. If a
President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed
for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect
shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice-President elect
shall act as President until a President shall have
qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case
wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice-President elect
shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as
President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be
selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a
President or Vice-President shall have qualified.
1740.4 Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case
of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of
Representatives may choose a President when
[[Page 581]]
ever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and
for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom
the Senate may choose a Vice-President whenever the right of
choice shall have devolved upon them.
1740.5 Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the
15th day of October following the ratification of this
article.
1740.6 Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it
shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution
by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
within seven years from the date of its submission.
1741 AMENDMENT XXI \12\
\12\The twenty-first amendment was proposed by Congress
on February 20, 1933, when it passed the House [76 Cong.
Rec. (72d Cong., 2d sess.) 4516], having previously passed
the Senate on February 16 [Id., 4231]. It appears officially
in 47 Stat. 1625. Ratification was completed on December 5,
1933, when the thirty-sixth State (Utah) approved the
amendment, there being then 48 States in the Union. On
December 5, 1933, Acting Secretary of State Phillips
certified that it had been adopted by the requisite number
of States [48 Stat. 1749].
The twenty-first amendment was ratified by the several
State conventions on the following dates: Michigan, April
10, 1933; Wisconsin, April 25, 1933; Rhode Island, May 8,
1933; Wyoming, May 25, 1933; New Jersey, June 1, 1933;
Delaware, June 24, 1933; Indiana, June 26, 1933;
Massachusetts, June 26, 1933; New York, June 27, 1933;
Illinois, July 10, 1933; Iowa, July 10, 1933; Connecticut,
July 11, 1933; New Hampshire, July 11, 1933; California,
July 24, 1933; West Virginia, July 25, 1933; Arkansas,
August 1, 1933; Oregon, August 7, 1933; Alabama, August 8,
1933; Tennessee, August 11, 1933; Missouri, August 29, 1933;
Arizona, September 5, 1933; Nevada, September 5, 1933;
Vermont, September 23, 1933; Colorado, September 26, 1933;
Washington, October 3, 1933; Minnesota, October 10, 1933;
Idaho, October 17, 1933; Maryland, October 18, 1933;
Virginia, October 25, 1933; New Mexico, November 2, 1933;
Florida, November 14, 1933; Texas, November 24, 1933;
Kentucky, November 27, 1933; Ohio, December 5, 1933;
Pennsylvania, December 5, 1933; Utah, December 5, 1933;
Maine, December 6, 1933; Montana, August 6, 1934. The
amendment was rejected by a convention in the State of South
Carolina, on December 4, 1933. The electorate of the State
of North Carolina voted against holding a convention at a
general election held on November 7, 1933.
1741.1 Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the
Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
1741.2 Section 2. The transportation or importation into any
State, Territory, or possession of the United States for
delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in
violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.
1741.3 Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it
shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution
by conventions in the several States, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
[[Page 582]]
1742 AMENDMENT XXII
AMENDMENT XXII \13\
1742.1 Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of
the President more than twice, and no person who has held
the office of President, or acted as President, for more
than two years of a term to which some other person was
elected President shall be elected to the office of the
President more than once. But this Article shall not apply
to any person holding the office of President when this
Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent
any person who may be holding the office of President, or
acting as President, during the term within which this
Article becomes operative, from holding the office of
President or acting as President during the remainder of
such term.
\13\The twenty-second amendment was proposed by Congress
on March 24, 1947, when the House agreed to Senate amendment
[93 Cong. Rec. (80th Cong., 1st sess.) 2389], having
previously been passed in the House of Representatives on
February 6, 1947 [93 Cong. Rec. (80th Cong., 1st sess.)
872], and in the Senate on March 12, 1947, with an amendment
[93 Cong. Rec. (80th Cong., 1st sess.) 1978]. Ratification
was completed on February 27, 1951, when the legislature of
the thirty-sixth State (Minnesota) approved the amendment,
there being then forty-eight States in the Union. On March
1, 1951, the Administrator of General Services, Jess Larson,
certified that this amendment had become a part of the
Constitution.
The twenty-second amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Maine, March 31,
1947; Michigan, March 31, 1947; Iowa, April 1, 1947; Kansas,
April 1, 1947; New Hampshire, April 1, 1947; Delaware, April
2, 1947; Illinois, April 3, 1947; Oregon, April 3, 1947;
Colorado, April 12, 1947; California, April 15, 1947; New
Jersey, April 15, 1947; Vermont, April 15, 1947; Ohio, April
16, 1947; Wisconsin, April 16, 1947; Pennsylvania, April 29,
1947; Connecticut, May 21, 1947; Missouri, May 22, 1947;
Nebraska, May 23, 1947; Virginia, January 28, 1948;
Mississippi, February 12, 1948; New York, March 9, 1948;
South Dakota, January 21, 1949; North Dakota, February 25,
1949; Louisiana, May 17, 1950; Montana, January 25, 1951;
Indiana, January 29, 1951; Idaho, January 30, 1951; New
Mexico, February 12, 1951; Wyoming, February 12, 1951;
Arkansas, February 15, 1951; Georgia, February 17, 1951;
Tennessee, February 20, 1951; Texas, February 22, 1951;
Utah, February 26, 1951; Nevada, February 26, 1951;
Minnesota, February 27, 1951; North Carolina, February 28,
1951; South Carolina, March 13, 1951; Maryland, March 14,
1951; Florida, April 16, 1951; Alabama, May 4, 1951. The
amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by
Oklahoma in June 1947, and Massachusetts on June 9, 1949.
1742.2 Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it
shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution
by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States
within seven years from the date of its submission to the
States by the Congress.
1743 AMENDMENT XXIII \14\
1743.1 Section 1. The District constituting the seat of
Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner
as the Congress may direct:
\14\The twenty-third amendment was proposed by Congress
on June 16, 1960, when the Senate agreed to S.J. Res. 39,
86th Cong., as passed by the House of Representatives on
June 14; which action consisted of substituting H.J. Res.
757 for the original text of S.J. Res. 39 [106 Cong. Rec.
(86th Cong., 2d sess.) 12571]. S.J. Res. 39 as approved by
the Senate on February 2, 1960 [106 Cong. Rec. (86th Cong.,
2d sess.) 12850-58], for the first time since 1789, proposed
several unrelated articles of amendment, though several
amendments cover several points in sections of an article;
as finally proposed it dealt with a single matter. It
appears officially in 74 Stat. 1057 under date of June 16,
1960. Ratification was completed on March 29, 1961, when the
legislature of the thirty-eighth State (Ohio) approved the
amendment, there being then fifty States in the Union. The
identity of the thirty-eighth State was in doubt until New
Hampshire by ``official notice'' determined March 30 as the
date of its ratification. On April 3, 1961, the
Administrator of General Services, John L. Moore, certified
that this amendment had become a part of the Constitution
(26 F.R. 2808 and 75 Stat. 847).
The twenty-third amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Hawaii, June 23,
1960 (technical correction, June 30, 1960); Massachusetts,
August 22, 1960; New Jersey, December 19, 1960; New York,
January 17, 1961; California, January 19, 1961; Oregon,
January 27, 1961; Maryland, January 30, 1961; Idaho, January
31, 1961; Maine, January 31, 1961; Minnesota, January 31,
1961; New Mexico, February 1, 1961; Nevada, February 2,
1961; Montana, February 6, 1961; Colorado, February 8, 1961;
Washington, February 9, 1961; West Virginia, February 9,
1961; Alaska, February 10, 1961; Wyoming, February 13, 1961;
South Dakota, February 14, 1961 (date of filing in Office of
Secretary of State of South Dakota); Delaware, February 20,
1961; Utah, February 21, 1961; Wisconsin, February 21, 1961;
Pennsylvania, February 28, 1961; Indiana, March 3, 1961;
North Dakota, March 3, 1961; Tennessee, March 6, 1961;
Michigan, March 8, 1961; Connecticut, March 9, 1961;
Arizona, March 10, 1961; Illinois, March 14, 1961; Nebraska,
March 15, 1961; Vermont, March 15, 1961; Iowa, March 16,
1961; Missouri, March 20, 1961; Oklahoma, March 21, 1961;
Rhode Island, March 22, 1961; Kansas, March 29, 1961; Ohio,
March 29, 1961; New Hampshire, March 30, 1961 (date in
official notice; preceded by ratification on March 29, 1961,
which was annulled and then repeated March 29). Arkansas
rejected the proposal on January 24, 1961.
[[Page 583]]
A number of electors of President and Vice President
equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in
Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were
a State, but in no event more than the least populous State;
they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States,
but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the
election of President and Vice President, to be electors
appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District
and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article
of amendment.
1743.2 Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
1744 AMENDMENT XXIV
AMENDMENT XXIV \15\
1744.1 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to
vote in any primary or other election for President
[[Page 584]]
or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice
President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress,
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any
State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
\15\The twenty-fourth amendment was proposed by Congress
on August 27, 1962, when it passed the House [108 Cong. Rec.
(87th Cong., 2d sess.) 1767], having previously passed the
Senate on March 27, 1962 [Id., 5105]. It appears officially
in 76 Stat. 1259 under date of August 29, 1962. Ratification
was completed on January 23, 1964, when the legislature of
the thirty-eighth State (South Dakota) approved the
amendment, there being then fifty States in the Union. On
February 4, 1964, the Administrator of General Services,
Bernard L. Boutin, certified that this amendment had become
a part of the Constitution (29 F.R. 1715).
The twenty-fourth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Illinois,
November 14, 1962; New Jersey, December 3, 1962; Oregon,
January 25, 1963; Montana, January 28, 1963; West Virginia,
February 1, 1963; New York, February 4, 1963; Maryland,
February 6, 1963; California, February 7, 1963; Alaska,
February 11, 1963; Rhode Island, February 14, 1963; Indiana,
February 19, 1963; Utah, February 20, 1963; Michigan,
February 20, 1963; Colorado, February 21, 1963; Ohio,
February 27, 1963; Minnesota, February 27, 1963; New Mexico,
March 5, 1963; Hawaii, March 6, 1963; North Dakota, March 7,
1963; Idaho, March 8, 1963; Washington, March 14, 1963;
Vermont, March 15, 1963; Nevada, March 19, 1963;
Connecticut, March 20, 1963; Tennessee, March 21, 1963;
Pennsylvania, March 25, 1963; Wisconsin, March 26, 1963;
Kansas, March 28, 1963; Massachusetts, March 28, 1963;
Nebraska, April 4, 1963; Florida, April 18, 1963; Iowa,
April 24, 1963; Delaware, May 1, 1963; Missouri, May 13,
1963; New Hampshire, June 16, 1963; Kentucky, June 27, 1963;
Maine, January 16, 1964; South Dakota, January 23, 1964;
Virginia, February 25, 1977; North Carolina, May 3, 1989.
Mississippi rejected the proposal on December 20, 1962.
1744.2 Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
1745 AMENDMENT XXV
AMENDMENT XXV \16\
\16\The twenty-fifth amendment was proposed by Congress
on July 6, 1965, when the Senate agreed to a conference
report, to which the House had previously agreed on June 30,
1965. It appears officially in 79 Stat. 1327. Ratification
was completed on February 10, 1967, when the legislature of
the thirty-eighth State (Nevada) approved the amendment,
there being then fifty States in the Union. On February 23,
1967, the Administrator of General Services, Lawson B.
Knott, Jr., certified that this amendment had become a part
of the Constitution (32 F.R. 3287).
The twenty-fifth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Nebraska, July
12, 1965; Wisconsin, July 13, 1965; Oklahoma, July 16, 1965;
Massachusetts, August 9, 1965; Pennsylvania, August 18,
1965; Kentucky, September 15, 1965; Arizona, September 22,
1965; Michigan, October 5, 1965; Indiana, October 20, 1965;
California, October 21, 1965; Arkansas, November 4, 1965;
New Jersey, November 29, 1965; Delaware, December 7, 1965;
Utah, January 17, 1966; West Virginia, January 20, 1966;
Maine, January 24, 1966; Rhode Island, January 28, 1966;
Colorado, February 3, 1966; New Mexico, February 3, 1966;
Kansas, February 8, 1966; Vermont, February 10, 1966;
Alaska, February 18, 1966; Idaho, March 2, 1966; Hawaii,
March 3, 1966; Virginia, March 8, 1966; Mississippi, March
10, 1966; New York, March 14, 1966; Maryland, March 23,
1966; Missouri, March 30, 1966; New Hampshire, June 13,
1966; Louisiana, July 5, 1966; Tennessee, January 12, 1967;
Wyoming, January 25, 1967; Washington, January 26, 1967;
Iowa, January 26, 1967; Oregon, February 2, 1967; Minnesota,
February 10, 1967; Nevada, February 10, 1967; Connecticut,
February 14, 1967; Montana, February 15, 1967; South Dakota,
March 6, 1967; Ohio, March 7, 1967; Alabama, March 14, 1967;
North Carolina, March 22, 1967; Illinois, March 22, 1967;
Texas, April 25, 1967; Florida, May 25, 1967.
1745.1 Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from
office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President
shall become President.
[[Page 585]]
1745.2 Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of
the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice
President who shall take office upon confirmation by a
majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
1745.3 Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives his written declaration that he is
unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and
until he transmits to them a written declaration to the
contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the
Vice President as Acting President.
1745.4 Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of
either the principal officers of the executive departments
or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives their written
declaration that the President is unable to discharge the
powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as
Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives his written declaration that no
inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of
his office unless the Vice President and a majority of
either the principal officers of the executive department
\17\ or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives
their written declaration that the President is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon
Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-
eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the
Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter
written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session,
within twenty-one days after Congress is required to
assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that
the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties
of his office, the Vice President shall continue to
discharge the same as Acting President;
[[Page 586]]
otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties
of his office.
\17\``Department'' is per the original text of the
amendment; it likely should be ``departments''.
1746 AMENDMENT XXVI
AMENDMENT XXVI \18\
1746.1 Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States,
who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on
account of age.
\18\The twenty-sixth amendment was proposed by Congress
on March 23, 1971, when it passed the House [117 Cong. Rec.
(92d Cong., 1st sess.) 7570], having previously passed the
Senate on March 10, 1971 [Id., 5830]. It appears officially
in 85 Stat. 825. Ratification was completed on July 1, 1971,
when the legislature of the thirty-eighth State (North
Carolina) approved the amendment, there being then fifty
States in the Union. On July 5, 1971, the Administrator of
General Services, Robert L. Kunzig, certified that this
amendment had become a part of the Constitution (36 F.R.
12725).
The twenty-sixth amendment was ratified by the several
State legislatures on the following dates: Connecticut,
March 23, 1971; Delaware, March 23, 1971; Minnesota, March
23, 1971; Tennessee, March 23, 1971; Washington, March 23,
1971; Hawaii, March 24, 1971; Massachusetts, March 24, 1971;
Montana, March 29, 1971; Arkansas, March 30, 1971; Idaho,
March 30, 1971; Iowa, March 30, 1971; Nebraska, April 2,
1971; New Jersey, April 3, 1971; Kansas, April 7, 1971;
Michigan, April 7, 1971; Alaska, April 8, 1971; Maryland,
April 8, 1971; Indiana, April 8, 1971; Maine, April 9, 1971;
Vermont, April 16, 1971; Louisiana, April 17, 1971;
California, April 19, 1971; Colorado, April 27, 1971;
Pennsylvania, April 27, 1971; Texas, April 27, 1971; South
Carolina, April 28, 1971; West Virginia, April 28, 1971; New
Hampshire, May 13, 1971; Arizona, May 14, 1971; Rhode
Island, May 27, 1971; New York, June 2, 1971; Oregon, June
4, 1971; Missouri, June 14, 1971; Wisconsin, June 22, 1971;
Illinois, June 29, 1971; Alabama, June 30, 1971; Ohio, June
30, 1971; North Carolina, July 1, 1971; Oklahoma, July 1,
1971; Virginia, July 8, 1971; Wyoming, July 8, 1971;
Georgia, October 4, 1971.
1746.2 Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
[[Page 587]]
1747 AMENDMENT XXVII \19\
No law, varying the compensation for the services of the
Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an
election of Representatives shall have intervened.
\19\The twenty-seventh amendment was the second of
twelve articles proposed by the First Congress on Sept. 25,
1789. Ratification was completed on May 7, 1992, when the
legislatures of the thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth States
(Michigan and New Jersey) approved the amendment, there
being then fifty States in the Union. On May 18, 1992, the
Archivist of the United States, Don W. Wilson, declared this
amendment to have become valid. (F.R. Doc. 92-11951, 57 F.R.
21187).
The twenty-seventh amendment was ratified by the
following States: Maryland, December 19, 1789; North
Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19,
1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791;
Virginia, December 15, 1791; Ohio, May 6, 1873; Wyoming,
March 6, 1978; Maine, April 27, 1983; Colorado, April 22,
1984; South Dakota, February 21, 1985; New Hampshire, March
7, 1985; Arizona, April 3, 1985; Tennessee, May 23, 1985;
Oklahoma, July 10, 1985; New Mexico, February 14, 1986;
Indiana, February 24, 1986; Utah, February 25, 1986;
Arkansas, March 6, 1987; Montana, March 17, 1987;
Connecticut, May 13, 1987; Wisconsin, July 15, 1987;
Georgia, February 2, 1988; West Virginia, March 10, 1988;
Louisiana, July 7, 1988; Iowa, February 9, 1989; Idaho,
March 23, 1989; Nevada, April 26, 1989; Alaska, May 6, 1989;
Oregon, May 19, 1989; Minnesota, May 22, 1989; Texas, May
25, 1989; Kansas, April 5, 1990; Florida, May 31, 1990;
North Dakota, March 25, 1991; Alabama, May 5, 1992;
Missouri, May 5, 1992; Michigan, May 7, 1992; New Jersey,
May 7, 1992; Illinois, May 12, 1992; California, June 26,
1992; Rhode Island, June 10, 1993.
[[Page 589]]
===========================================================
STATISTICAL DATA
===========================================================
[[Page 591]]
------------------------------------------------------------
PRESIDENTS PRO TEMPORE OF THE SENATE
FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE END OF THE FIRST SESSION OF
THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS
------------------------------------------------------------
[In earlier years the appointment or election of a President
pro tempore was held by the Senate to be for the
occasion only, so that more than one appears in several
sessions and in others none were chosen. Since Mar. 12,
1890, however, they have served until ``the Senate
otherwise ordered.'']
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of President pro
Congress tempore State Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
First.............................. John Langdon.......... New Hampshire Apr. 6, 1789.
Aug. 7, 1789
Second............................. Richard Henry Lee..... Virginia Apr. 18, 1792.
Do............................. John Langdon.......... New Hampshire Nov. 5, 1792.
Mar. 1, 1793.
Third.............................. Ralph Izard........... South Carolina May 31, 1794.
Do............................. Henry Tazewell........ Virginia Feb. 20, 1795.\1\
Fourth............................. ......do.............. ......do Dec. 7, 1795.
Do............................. Samuel Livermore...... New Hampshire May 6, 1796.
Do............................. William Bingham....... Pennsylvania Feb. 16, 1797.
Fifth.............................. William Bradford...... Rhode Island July 6, 1797.
Do............................. Jacob Read............ South Carolina Nov. 22, 1797.
Do............................. Theodore Sedgwick..... Massachusetts June 27, 1798.
Do............................. John Laurance......... New York Dec. 6, 1798.
Do............................. James Ross............ Pennsylvania Mar. 1, 1799.
Sixth.............................. Samuel Livermore...... New Hampshire Dec. 2, 1799.
Do............................. Uriah Tracy........... Connecticut May 14, 1800.
Do............................. John E. Howard........ Maryland Nov. 21, 1800.
Do............................. James Hillhouse....... Connecticut Feb. 28, 1801.
Seventh............................ Abraham Baldwin....... Georgia Dec. 7, 1801.
Apr. 17, 1802.
Do............................. Stephen R. Bradley.... Vermont Dec. 14, 1802.
Feb. 25, 1803.
Mar. 2, 1803.
Eighth............................. John Brown............ Kentucky Oct. 17, 1803.
Jan. 23, 1804.
Do............................. Jesse Franklin........ North Carolina Mar. 10, 1804.
Do............................. Joseph Anderson....... Tennessee Jan. 15, 1805.
Feb. 28, 1805.
Mar. 2, 1805.
Ninth.............................. Samuel Smith.......... Maryland Dec. 2, 1805.
Mar. 18, 1806.
Mar. 2, 1807.
Tenth.............................. ......do.............. ......do Apr. 16, 1808.
Do............................. Stephen R. Bradley.... Vermont Dec. 28, 1808.
Do............................. John Milledge......... Georgia Jan. 30, 1809.
Eleventh........................... Andrew Gregg.......... Pennsylvania June 26, 1809.
Do............................. John Gaillard......... South Carolina Feb. 28, 1810.
Apr. 17, 1810.
Do............................. John Pope............. Kentucky Feb. 23, 1811.
Twelfth............................ William H. Crawford... Georgia Mar. 24, 1812.
Thirteenth......................... Joseph B. Varnum...... Massachusetts Dec. 6, 1813.
Do............................. John Gaillard......... South Carolina Apr. 18, 1814.
Nov. 25, 1814, upon the
death of Vice President
Elbridge Gerry.\2\
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 592]]
Fourteenth......................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 6, 1817.
Fifteenth.......................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 31, 1818.\3\
Do............................. James Barbour......... Virginia Feb. 15, 1819.
Sixteenth.......................... John Gaillard......... South Carolina Jan. 25, 1820.
Seventeenth........................ ......do.............. ......do Feb. 1, 1822.
Feb. 19, 1823.
Eighteenth......................... ......do.............. ......do May 21, 1824.
Nineteenth......................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 9, 1825.\4\
Do............................. Nathaniel Macon....... North Carolina May 20, 1826.
Jan. 2, 1827.
Mar. 2, 1827.
Twentieth.......................... Samuel Smith.......... Maryland May 15, 1828.\5\
Twenty-first....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 13, 1829.\4\
May 29, 1830.
Mar. 1, 1831.\6\
Twenty-second...................... Littleton W. Tazewell. Virginia July 9, 1832.
Do............................. Hugh L. White......... Tennessee Dec. 3, 1832.
Twenty-third....................... ......do.............. ......do (\7\)
Do............................. George Poindexter..... Mississippi June 28, 1834.
Do............................. John Tyler............ Virginia Mar. 3, 1835.
Twenty-fourth...................... William R. King....... Alabama July 1, 1836.
Jan. 28, 1837.
Twenty-fifth....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 7, 1837.\4\
Oct. 13, 1837.
July 2, 1838.
Feb. 25, 1839.
Twenty-sixth....................... ......do.............. ......do (\7\)
July 3, 1840.
Mar. 3, 1841.
Twenty-seventh..................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 4, 1841.\4\
Do............................. Samuel L. Southard.... New Jersey Mar. 11, 1841.\8\
Do............................. Willie P. Mangum...... North Carolina May 31, 1842.
Twenty-eighth...................... ......do.............. ......do (\7\)
Twenty-ninth....................... Ambrose H. Sevier..... Arkansas Dec. 27, 1845.\9\
Do............................. David R. Atchison..... Missouri Aug. 8, 1846.
Jan. 11, 1847.
Mar. 3, 1847.
Thirtieth.......................... ......do.............. ......do Feb. 2, 1848.
June 1, 1848.
June 26, 1848.
July 29, 1848.
Dec. 26, 1848.
Mar. 2, 1849.
Thirty-first....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 5, 1849.\4\
Mar. 16, 1849.
Do............................. William R. King....... Alabama May 6, 1850.
July 11, 1850.
Thirty-second...................... ......do.............. ......do (\10\)
Do............................. David R. Atchison..... Missouri Dec. 20, 1852.
Thirty-third....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 4, 1853.\4\
Do............................. Lewis Cass............ Michigan Dec. 4, 1854.
Do............................. Jesse D. Bright....... Indiana Dec. 5, 1854.
Thirty-fourth...................... Charles E. Stuart..... Michigan June 9, 1856.\11\
Do............................. Jesse D. Bright....... Indiana June 11, 1856.
Do............................. James M. Mason........ Virginia Jan. 6, 1857.\12\
Thirty-fifth....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 4, 1857.\4\
Do............................. Thomas J. Rusk........ Texas Mar. 14, 1857.\4\
Do............................. Benjamin Fitzpatrick.. Alabama Dec. 7, 1857.
Mar. 29, 1858.
June 14, 1858.
Jan. 25, 1859.
Thirty-sixth....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 9, 1859.\4\
Dec. 19, 1859.
Feb. 20, 1860.\4\
June 26, 1860.
Do............................. Jesse D. Bright....... Indiana June 12, 1860.
Do............................. Benjamin Fitzpatrick.. Alabama June 26, 1860.
Do............................. Solomon Foot.......... Vermont Feb. 16, 1861.
[[Page 593]]
Thirty-seventh..................... Solomon Foot.......... ......do Mar. 23, 1861.\4\
July 18, 1861.
Jan. 15, 1862.
Mar. 31, 1862.
June 19, 1862.
Feb. 18, 1863.
Thirty-eighth...................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 4, 1863.\4\
Dec. 18, 1863.
Feb. 23, 1864.
Mar. 11, 1864.
Apr. 11, 1864.
Do............................. Daniel Clark.......... New Hampshire Apr. 26, 1864.
Feb. 9, 1865.
Thirty-ninth....................... Layfayette S. Foster.. Connecticut Mar. 7, 1865.\13\
Do............................. Benjamin F. Wade...... Ohio Mar. 2, 1867.
Fortieth........................... ......do.............. ......do (\7\)
Forty-first........................ Henry B. Anthony...... Rhode Island Mar. 23, 1869.
Apr. 9, 1869.
May 28, 1870.
July 1, 1870.
July 14, 1870.
Forty-second....................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 10, 1871.
Apr. 17, 1871.
May 23, 1871.\4\
Dec. 21, 1871.
Feb. 23, 1872.
June 8, 1872.
Dec. 4, 1872.
Dec. 13, 1872.
Dec. 20, 1872.
Jan. 24, 1873.
Forty-third........................ Matthew H. Carpenter.. Wisconsin Mar. 12, 1873.\4\
Mar. 26, 1873.\4\
Dec. 11, 1873.
Dec. 23, 1874.
Do............................. Henry B. Anthony...... Rhode Island Jan. 25, 1875.
Feb. 15, 1875.
Forty-fourth....................... Thomas W. Ferry....... Michigan Mar. 9, 1875.\4\
Mar. 19, 1875.\4\
Dec. 20, 1875.
Forty-fifth........................ ......do.............. ......do Mar. 5, 1877.\4\
Feb. 26, 1878.
Apr. 17, 1878.
Mar. 3, 1879.
Forty-sixth........................ Allen G. Thurman...... Ohio Apr. 15, 1879.
Apr. 7, 1880.
May 6, 1880.
Forty-seventh...................... Thomas F. Bayard...... Delaware Oct. 10, 1881.\4\
Do............................. David Davis........... Illinois Oct. 13, 1881.\14\
Do............................. George F. Edmunds..... Vermont Mar. 3, 1883.
Forty-eighth....................... ......do.............. ......do Jan. 14, 1884.
Forty-ninth........................ John Sherman.......... Ohio Dec. 7, 1885.\15\
Do............................. John J. Ingalls....... Kansas Feb. 26, 1887.
Fiftieth........................... ......do.............. ......do (\7\)
Fifty-first........................ ......do.............. ......do Mar. 7, 1889.\4\
Apr. 2, 1889.\4\
Dec. 5, 1889.
Feb. 28, 1890.
Apr. 3, 1890.\16\
Do............................. Charles F. Manderson.. Nebraska Mar. 2, 1891.
Fifty-second....................... ......do.............. ......do ..........................
Fifty-third........................ ......do.............. ......do (\17\)
Do............................. Isham G. Harris....... Tennessee Mar. 22, 1893.\4\
Do............................. Matt W. Ransom........ North Carolina Jan. 7, 1895.\18\
Do............................. Isham G. Harris....... Tennessee Jan. 10, 1895.
Fifty-fourth....................... William P. Frye....... Maine Feb. 7, 1896.
Fifty-fifth........................ ......do.............. ......do ..........................
Fifty-sixth........................ ......do.............. ......do ..........................
Fifty-seventh...................... ......do.............. ......do Mar. 7, 1901.\4\
Fifty-eighth....................... ......do.............. ......do ..........................
Fifty-ninth........................ ......do.............. ......do ..........................
Sixtieth........................... ......do.............. ......do Dec. 5, 1907.
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 594]]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of President pro
Congress tempore State Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sixty-first.......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Sixty-second......................... ......do............... ......do............... (\19\)
Do............................... Augustus O. Bacon...... Georgia................ August 14, 1911.\20\
Do............................... Charles Curtis......... Kansas................. Dec. 4, 1911.\21\
Do............................... Augustus O. Bacon...... Georgia................ Jan. 15, 1912.\22\
Do............................... Jacob H. Gallinger..... New Hampshire.......... Feb. 12, 1912.\23\
Do............................... Henry Cabot Lodge...... Massachusetts.......... Mar. 25, 1912.\24\
Do............................... ......do............... ......do............... May 25, 1912.
Sixty-third.......................... James P. Clarke........ Arkansas............... Mar. 13, 1913.\4\
Sixty-fourth......................... ......do............... ......do............... Dec. 6, 1915.\25\
Do............................... Willard Saulsbury...... Delaware............... Dec. 14, 1916.
Sixty-fifth.......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Sixty-sixth.......................... Albert B. Cummins...... Iowa................... May 19, 1919.
Sixty-seventh........................ ......do............... ......do............... Mar. 7, 1921.\4\
Sixty-eighth......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Sixty-ninth.......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Do............................... George H. Moses........ New Hampshire.......... Mar. 6, 1925.\4\
Seventieth........................... ......do............... ......do............... Dec. 15, 1927.
Seventy-first........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Seventy-second....................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Seventy-third........................ Key Pittman............ Nevada................. Mar. 9, 1933.
Seventy-fourth....................... ......do............... ......do............... Jan. 7, 1935.
Seventy-fifth........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Seventy-sixth........................ ......do............... ......do............... (\26\)
Do............................... William H. King........ Utah................... Nov. 19, 1940.
Seventy-seventh...................... Pat Harrison........... Mississippi............ Jan. 6, 1941.\27\
Do............................... Carter Glass........... Virginia............... July 10, 1941.
Seventy-eighth....................... ......do............... ......do............... Jan. 14, 1943.
Seventy-ninth........................ Kenneth McKellar....... Tennessee.............. Jan. 6, 1945.
Eightieth............................ Arthur H. Vandenberg... Michigan............... Jan. 4, 1947.
Eighty-first......................... Kenneth McKellar....... Tennessee.............. Jan. 3, 1949.
Eighty-second........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Eighty-third......................... Styles Bridges......... New Hampshire.......... Jan. 3, 1953.
Eighty-fourth........................ Walter F. George....... Georgia................ Jan. 5, 1955.
Eighty-fifth......................... Carl Hayden............ Arizona................ Jan. 3, 1957.
Eighty-sixth......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Eighty-seventh....................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Eighty-eighth........................ ......do............... ......do............... Jan. 9, 1963.
Eighty-ninth......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninetieth............................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninety-first......................... Richard B. Russell..... Georgia................ Jan. 3, 1969.\28\
Ninety-second........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Do............................... Allen J. Ellender...... Louisiana.............. Jan. 22, 1971.\29\
Do............................... James O. Eastland...... Mississippi............ July 28, 1972.
Ninety-third......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninety-fourth........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninety-fifth......................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninety-sixth......................... Warren G. Magnuson..... Washington............. Jan. 15, 1979.
Do............................... Milton R. Young........ North Dakota........... Dec. 4, 1980.\30\
Ninety-seventh....................... Strom Thurmond......... South Carolina......... Jan. 5, 1981.
Ninety-eighth........................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
Ninety-ninth......................... ......do............... ......do............... Jan. 3, 1985.
One-hundredth........................ John C. Stennis........ Mississippi............ Jan. 6, 1987.
One-hundred-first.................... Robert C. Byrd......... West Virginia.......... Jan. 3, 1989.
One-hundred-second................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
One-hundred-third.................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
One-hundred-fourth................... Strom Thurmond......... South Carolina......... Jan. 4, 1995.
One-hundred-fifth.................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
One-hundred-sixth.................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
One-hundred-seventh.................. Robert C. Byrd......... West Virginia.......... Jan. 3, 2001.\31\
Do............................... Strom Thurmond......... South Carolina......... Jan. 3, 2001.\32\
Do............................... Robert C. Byrd......... West Virginia.......... June 6, 2001.
One-hundred-eighth................... Ted Stevens............ Alaska................. Jan. 7, 2003.
One-hundred-ninth.................... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
One-hundred-tenth.................... Robert C. Byrd......... West Virginia.......... Jan. 4, 2007.
One-hundred-eleventh................. ......do............... ......do............... (\33\)
Do............................... Daniel K. Inouye....... Hawaii................. June 28, 2010.
One-hundred-twelfth.................. ......do............... ......do............... (\34\)
Do............................... Patrick J. Leahy....... Vermont................ Dec. 17, 2012.
One-hundred-thirteenth............... ......do............... ......do............... .......................
[[Page 595]]
One-hundred- fourteenth.............. Orrin Hatch............ Utah................... Jan. 6, 2015.
One-hundred- fifteenth............... ......do............... ......do............... Jan. 3, 2017.
One-hundred- sixteenth............... Charles E. Grassley.... Iowa................... Jan. 3, 2019.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Samuel Livermore was elected Feb. 20, 1795, but declined.
\2\Vice President Gerry died in preceding Congress.
\3\Continuing from preceding session.
\4\Special session of the Senate.
\5\Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, was first elected on the same day, but declined to serve.
\6\Littleton W. Tazewell, of Virginia, was first elected, but declined to serve.
\7\Continuing from preceding session.
\8\Special session of the Senate. Resigned as President pro tempore May 31, 1842.
\9\Served as President pro tempore 1 day, under designation by the Vice President.
\10\Resigned as President pro tempore Dec. 20, 1852.
\11\Resigned June 11, 1856.
\12\Served Jan. 5, 1856, by request of President pro tempore Bright.
\13\Special session of the Senate. Elected ``to serve in the absence of the Vice President'' and served until
Mar. 2, 1867.
\14\Special session of the Senate. Resigned Mar. 3, 1883.
\15\Resigned as President pro tempore, effective Feb. 26, 1887.
\16\Resigned as President pro tempore, effective Mar. 2, 1891; in March 1890, the Senate adopted a resolution
stating that Presidents pro tempore would hold office continuously until the election of another President pro
tempore, rather than being elected for the period in which the vice president was absent. The new system has
continued to the present.
\17\Resigned as President pro tempore Mar. 22, 1893.
\18\Resigned as President pro tempore Jan. 10, 1895.
\19\Resigned as President pro tempore Apr. 27, 1911.
\20\Bacon served as President pro tempore Aug. 14 but was actually elected on Aug. 13.
\21\Elected to serve Dec. 4 to 12, 1911.
\22\Elected to serve Jan. 15 to 17, Mar. 11 and 12, Apr. 8, May 10, May 30 to June 3, June 13 to July 5, Aug. 1
to 10, and Aug. 27 to Dec. 15, 1912; Jan. 5 to 18 and Feb. 2 to 15, 1913.
\23\Elected to serve Feb. 12 to 14, Apr. 26 and 27, May 7, July 6 to 31, Aug. 12 to 26, 1912; Dec. 16, 1912, to
Jan. 4, 1913; Jan 19 to Feb. 1 and Feb. 16 to Mar. 3, 1913.
\24\Elected to serve Mar. 25 and 26, 1912.
\25\Died Oct. 1, 1916.
\26\Died Nov. 10, 1940.
\27\Died June 22, 1941.
\28\Died Jan. 21, 1971.
\29\Died July 27, 1972.
\30\Elected to serve for one day only (Dec. 5, 1980). Magnuson resumed the post.
\31\Elected to serve Jan. 3 to Jan. 20, 2001.
\32\Elected to serve beginning Jan. 20, 2001, after Republicans regained control of the Senate. Thurmond was
designated President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate (S. Res. 103, 107-1, June 6, 2001) after
Democrats regained control of Senate.
\33\Died June 28, 2010.
\34\Died Dec. 17, 2012.
See footnotes at end of table.
[[Page 596]]
1801 Deputy Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate
1801 Deputy Presidents Pro Tempore of the Senate\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Congress Name State Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
95th................................. Hubert H. Humphrey..... Minnesota.............. Jan. 10, 1977
(effective Jan. 5,
1977).\2\
100th................................ George J. Mitchell..... Maine.................. Jan. 28, 1987.\3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\This office was established by S. Res. 17, 95-1, agreed to Jan. 10, 1977 (effective Jan. 5, 1977). The
resolution provided that ``[a]ny Member of the Senate who has held the Office of President of the United
States or Vice President of the United States shall be a Deputy President pro tempore''.
\2\Died Jan. 13, 1978.
\3\ S. Res. 90, 100-1, agreed to Jan. 28, 1987, provided that in addition to Senators who hold the Office of
Deputy President pro tempore under authority of S. Res. 17, 95-1, any other Member of the Senate designated by
Senate resolution shall hold the office at the pleasure of the Senate during the 100th Congress. Senator
Mitchell was so designated by S. Res. 91, agreed to the same date.
1802
permanent acting president pro tempore of the senate\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Congress Name State Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
88th-95th............................ Lee Metcalf............ Montana................ Feb. 7, 1964.\2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Development of this office started in 1963 upon adoption of S. Res. 232 and S. Res. 238, making Senator
Metcalf Permanent Acting President pro tempore from Dec. 9, 1963, until meeting of the second regular session
of the 88th Congress. On Feb. 7, 1964, S. Res. 296 was adopted authorizing Senator Metcalf ``to perform the
duties of the Chair as Acting President pro tempore until otherwise ordered by the Senate.''
\2\Died Jan. 12, 1978.
1803
presidents pro tempore emeritus of the senate\1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Congress Name State Elected
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107th................................ Strom Thurmond......... South Carolina......... June 6, 2001.\2\
108th................................ Robert C. Byrd......... West Virginia.......... Jan. 15, 2003.\3\
110th................................ Ted Stevens............ Alaska................. Jan. 4, 2007.\4\
114th................................ Patrick J. Leahy....... Vermont................ Jan. 6, 2015.\5\
115th................................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
116th................................ ......do............... ......do............... .......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\This office was first created on June 6, 2001, with S. Res. 103, designating Senator Strom Thurmond as
President pro tempore emeritus.
\2\Designated by S. Res. 103.
\3\Designated by S. Res. 21.
\4\Designated by S. Res. 6.
\5\Designated by S. Res. 6.
[[Page 597]]
------------------------------------------------------------
SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES
FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND
SESSION OF THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS
------------------------------------------------------------
CLASSIFICATION OF SENATORS
Under Article I, section 3, clause 2, of the
Constitution of the United States, relating to the
classification of Senators in the First and succeeding
Congresses, it was provided that, ``Immediately after they
shall be assembled in consequence of the first election they
shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes.
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be
vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second
class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third
class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third
may be chosen every second year.'' The classification of the
Senators of the First Congress was made in accordance with
this provision by lot. The following table shows the classes
to which the Senators of the First Congress, and from States
subsequently admitted into the Union, were severally
assigned, and the succession in each State to the second
session of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress.
TERMS OF SENATORS
Technically, pursuant to the Twentieth Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States, ratified January 23,
1933, the terms of Members of the Senate commence at noon on
the third day of January and end six years later at noon on
the third day of January. In view of the impracticality of
dealing with split days, however, it has been the long
established practice for payment of salaries, computation of
allowances, and recording of service to credit a Member for
the full day of the third of January and to consider the
term as ended at the close of business on the second of
January six years later. Accordingly, the service of Members
of the Senate is shown on that basis in the following
tables.
[[Page 599]]
TABLE OF SENATORS FROM THE FIRST CONGRESS TO THE SECOND
SESSION OF THE ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS *
1805 1806
ALABAMA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-29th....................... William R. King... Dec. 14, 1819 Mar. 3, 1847 Res. Apr. 15, 1844.
28th............................ Dixon H. Lewis.... Apr. 22, 1844 Dec. 9, 1844 By gov., to fill vac.
28th-32d........................ ......do.......... Dec. 10, 1844 Mar. 3, 1853 Died Oct. 25, 1848.
30th-31st....................... Benjamin Nov. 25, 1848 Nov. 30, 1849 By gov., to fill vac.
Fitzpatrick.
31st-32d........................ Jeremiah Clemens.. Nov. 30, 1849 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-38th........................ Clement Claiborne Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1865 (\1\)
Clay, Jr.
40th-41st....................... Willard Warner.... July 23, 1868 Mar. 3, 1871 (\2\)
42d-44th........................ George Goldthwaite Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 (\3\)
45th-62d........................ John T. Morgan.... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1913 Died June 11, 1907.
60th............................ John H. Bankhead.. June 18, 1907 July 16, 1907 By gov., to fill vac.
60th-68th....................... ......do.......... July 17, 1907 Mar. 3, 1925 Died Mar. 1, 1920.
66th............................ Braxton B. Comer.. Mar. 5, 1920 Nov. 2, 1920 By gov., to fill vac.
66th-71st....................... J. Thomas Heflin.. Nov. 3, 1920 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-80th........................ John H. Bankhead Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1949 Died June 12, 1946.
II.
79th............................ George R. Swift... June 15, 1946 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
79th-95th....................... John Sparkman..... Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-104th...................... Howell Heflin..... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-116th..................... Jeff Sessions..... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021 Res. Feb. 8, 2017.
115th........................... Luther Strange.... Feb. 9, 2017 Jan. 2, 2018 By gov., to fill vac.
115th-116th..................... Doug Jones........ Jan. 3, 2018 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-18th....................... John W. Walker.... Dec. 14, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 Res. Dec. 12, 1822.
17th-18th....................... William Kelly..... Dec. 12, 1822 Do. ......................
19th-21st....................... Henry H. Chambers. Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 Died Jan. 24, 1826.
19th............................ Israel Pickens.... Feb. 17, 1826 Nov. 27, 1826 By gov., to fill vac.
19th-21st....................... John McKinley..... Nov. 27, 1826 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-24th........................ Gabriel Moore..... Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 ......................
25th............................ John McKinley..... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Apr. 22, 1837.
25th-27th....................... Clement Comer Clay June 19, 1837 Do. Res. Nov. 15, 1841.
27th-30th....................... Arthur P. Bagby... Nov. 24, 1841 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. June 16, 1848.
30th............................ William R. King... July 1, 1848 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
31st-33d........................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 Res. Dec. 20, 1852.
32d-33d......................... Benjamin Jan. 14, 1853 Mar. 3, 1855 By gov., to fill vac.
Fitzpatrick.
34th-36th....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 (\4\)
40th-45th....................... George E. Spencer. July 21, 1868 Mar. 3, 1879 (\5\)
46th-48th....................... George S. Houston. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 Died Dec. 31, 1879.
46th............................ Luke Pryor........ Jan. 7, 1880 Nov. 23, 1880 By gov., to fill vac.
46th-54th....................... James L. Pugh..... Nov. 24, 1880 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-60th....................... Edmund W. Pettus.. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1909 Died July 27, 1907.
60th-63d........................ Joseph F. Johnston Aug. 6, 1907 Mar. 3, 1915 (\6\)
63d............................. Francis S. White.. May 11, 1914 Do. ......................
64th-69th....................... Oscar W. Underwood Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-75th....................... Hugo Black........ Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1939 Res. Aug. 19, 1937.
75th............................ Dixie Bibb Graves. Aug. 20, 1937 Do. (\7\)
75th............................ J. Lister Hill.... Jan. 11, 1938 Apr. 26, 1938 By gov., to fill vac.
75th-90th....................... ......do.......... April 27, 1938 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-96th....................... James B. Allen.... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1981 Died June 1, 1978.
95th............................ Maryon Pittman June 8, 1978 Nov. 7, 1978 By gov., to fill vac.
Allen.
95th-96th....................... Donald W. Stewart. Nov. 8, 1978 Jan. 2, 1981 Res. Jan. 1, 1981.
96th-99th....................... Jeremiah Denton... Jan. 2, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 (\8\)
100th-117th..................... Richard C. Shelby. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* These tables are accurate as of January 2019.
Footnotes continued on next page.
[[Page 600]]
\1\Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy
from Jan. 21, 1861, to July 22, 1868.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated July 25, 1868.
\3\Not sworn in until Jan. 15, 1872, because of contested election.
\4\Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy
from Jan. 21, 1861, to July 20, 1868.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867. Seated July 25, 1868.
\6\Died Aug. 8, 1913. Vacancy from Aug. 8, 1913, to May 11, 1914. Henry D. Clayton was appointed by governor
Aug. 12, 1913, to fill vacancy but his credentials were withdrawn on Oct. 21, 1913; Frank P. Glass was
appointed by governor Nov. 17, 1913, but by Senate resolution, Feb. 4, 1914, was declared not entitled to a
seat.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Jan. 10, 1938.
\8\Elected for term commencing Jan. 3, 1981; subsequently appointed by governor on Jan. 2, 1981, to fill vacancy
in term ending Jan. 2, 1981.
See footnotes at end of Arkansas table.
1807 1808
ALASKA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-92d........................ E. L. Bartlett.... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1973 Died Dec. 11, 1968.
90th-91st....................... Ted Stevens....... Dec. 24, 1968 Nov. 3, 1970 By gov., to fill vac.
91st-110th...................... ......do.......... Nov. 4, 1970 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-113th..................... Mark Begich....... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Dan Sullivan...... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-90th....................... Ernest Gruening... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-96th....................... Mike Gravel....... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1981
97th-108th...................... Frank H. Murkowski Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 2005 Res. Dec. 2, 2002.
107th-108th..................... Lisa Murkowski.... Dec. 20, 2002 Nov. 2, 2004 By gov., to fill vac.
109th-117th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 3, 2004 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1809 1810
ARIZONA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-76th........................ Henry Fountain Mar. 27, 1912 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
Ashurst.
77th-82d........................ Ernest W. Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
McFarland.
83d-88th........................ Barry Goldwater... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1965 ......................
89th-94th....................... Paul J. Fannin.... Jan. 3, 1965 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-103d....................... Dennis DeConcini.. Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-112th..................... Jon Kyl........... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-115th..................... Jeff Flake........ Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Krysten Sinema.... Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-66th........................ Marcus A. Smith... Mar. 27, 1912 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... Ralph H. Cameron.. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-90th....................... Carl Hayden....... Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-99th....................... Barry Goldwater... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
100th-117th..................... John S. McCain III Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2023 Died Aug. 25, 2018
115th........................... Jon Kyl........... Sept. 4, 2018 Nov. 3, 2020 (\1\)
116th........................... Martha McSally.... Jan. 3, 2018 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Dec. 31, 2018.
See footnotes at end of Arkansas table.
1811 1812
ARKANSAS
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-29th....................... William S. Fulton. Sept. 18, 1836 Mar. 3, 1847 Died Aug. 15, 1844.
28th-32d........................ Chester Ashley.... Nov. 8, 1844 Mar. 3, 1853 Died Apr. 29, 1848.
30th............................ William K. May 12, 1848 Nov. 16, 1848 By gov., to fill vac.
Sebastian.
[[Page 601]]
30th-38th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 17, 1848 Mar. 3, 1865 (\1\)
40th-41st....................... Alexander McDonald June 22, 1868 Mar. 3, 1871 (\2\)
42d-44th........................ Powell Clayton.... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-50th....................... Augustus H. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1889 Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
Garland.
49th-59th....................... James H. Berry.... Mar. 20, 1885 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
60th-62d........................ Jeff Davis........ Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 Died Jan. 3, 1913.
62d............................. John N. Heiskell.. Jan. 6, 1913 Jan. 29, 1913 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ William M. Jan. 29, 1913 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
Kavanaugh.
63d-77th........................ Joseph T. Robinson Mar. 10, 1913 Jan. 2, 1943 (\3\)
75th-77th....................... John E. Miller.... Nov. 15, 1937 Do. (\4\)
77th............................ Lloyd Spencer..... Apr. 1, 1941 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
78th-95th....................... John L. McClellan. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1979 Died Nov. 28, 1977.
95th............................ Kaneaster Hodges, Dec. 10, 1977 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
Jr..
96th-104th...................... David H. Pryor.... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-107th..................... Tim Hutchinson.... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2003
108th-113th..................... Mark Pryor........ Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Tom Cotton........ Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-30th....................... Ambrose H. Sevier. Sept. 18, 1836 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. Mar. 15, 1848.
30th............................ Solon Borland..... Mar. 30, 1848 Nov. 16, 1848 By gov., to fill vac.
30th-33d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 17, 1848 Mar. 3, 1855 Res. Apr. 3, 1853.
33d............................. Robert W. Johnson. July 6, 1853 Nov. 9, 1854 By gov., to fill vac.
33d-36th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 10, 1854 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... Charles B. Mitchel Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 (\5\)
40th-42d........................ Benjamin F. Rice.. June 23, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\6\)
43d-45th........................ Stephen W. Dorsey. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... James D. Walker... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-57th....................... James K. Jones.... Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-66th....................... James P. Clarke... Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Oct. 1, 1916.
64th-66th....................... William F. Kirby.. Nov. 8, 1916 Do. ......................
67th-72d........................ Thaddeus H. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 Died Nov. 6, 1931.
Caraway.
72d............................. Hattie W. Caraway. Nov. 13, 1931 Jan. 12, 1932 By gov., to fill vac.
72d-78th........................ ......do.......... Jan. 13, 1932 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-93d........................ J. William Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
Fulbright.
94th-105th...................... Dale Bumpers...... Jan. 3, 1975 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
106th-111th..................... Blanche L. Lincoln Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
112th-117th..................... John Boozman...... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to June 22, 1868, when Arkansas was
readmitted to representation.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\3\Elected Jan. 28, 1913, for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1913. Took oath Mar. 10, 1913. Served as governor until
Mar. 8, 1913. Died July 14, 1937. Vacancy from July 15 to Nov. 14, 1937.
\4\Elected Oct. 18, 1937. Served in House during interim. Resigned Mar. 31, 1941.
\5\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to June 22, 1868, when Arkansas was
readmitted to representation.
\6\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
See footnotes at end of California table.
1813 1814
CALIFORNIA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31st............................ John C. Fremont... Sept. 9, 1850 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ John B. Weller.... Jan. 30, 1852 Mar. 3, 1857 (\1\)
35th-37th....................... David C. Broderick Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 Died Sept. 16, 1859.
36th............................ Henry P. Haun..... Nov. 3, 1859 Mar. 5, 1860 By gov., to fill vac.
36th-37th....................... Milton S. Latham.. Mar. 5, 1860 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
38th-40th....................... John Conness...... Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ Eugene Casserly... Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 Res. Nov. 29, 1873.
43d............................. John S. Hager..... Dec. 23, 1873 Do. ......................
44th-46th....................... Newton Booth...... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... John F. Miller.... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 Died Mar. 8, 1886.
49th............................ George Hearst..... Mar. 23, 1886 Aug. 4, 1886 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Abram P. Williams. Aug. 4, 1886 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
[[Page 602]]
50th-52d........................ George Hearst..... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 Died Feb. 28, 1891.
52d............................. Charles N. Felton. Mar. 19, 1891 Do. ......................
53d-55th........................ Stephen M. White.. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899
56th-58th....................... Thomas R. Bard.... Feb. 7, 1900 Mar. 3, 1905 (\2\)
59th-61st....................... Frank P. Flint.... Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ John D. Works..... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-79th....................... Hiram W. Johnson.. Mar. 16, 1917 Jan. 2, 1947 (\3\)
78th............................ William F. Aug. 26, 1945 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
Knowland.
78th-85th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-88th....................... Clair Engle....... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1965 Died July 30, 1964.
88th............................ Pierre Salinger... Aug. 4, 1964 Jan. 2, 1971 By gov., to fill
vac.\4\
88th-91st....................... George Murphy..... Jan. 1, 1965 Do. (\5\)
91st-94th....................... John V. Tunney.... Jan. 2, 1971 Jan. 2, 1977 (\6\)
94th-97th....................... S. I. Hayakawa.... Jan. 2, 1977 Jan. 2, 1983 (\7\)
98th-102d....................... Pete Wilson....... Jan. 3, 1983 Jan. 2, 1995 Res. Jan. 7, 1991.
102d............................ John Seymour...... Jan. 7, 1991 Nov. 3, 1992 By gov., to fill vac.
102d-118th...................... Dianne Feinstein.. Nov. 4, 1992 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31st-33d........................ William M. Gwin... Sept. 9, 1850 Mar. 3, 1855 (\8\)
34th-36th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 13, 1857 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... James A. McDougall Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-42d........................ Cornelius Cole.... Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ Aaron A. Sargent.. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... James T. Farley... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-54th....................... Leland Stanford... Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1897 Died June 21, 1893.
53d............................. George C. Perkins. July 26, 1893 Jan. 22, 1895 By gov., to fill vac.
53d-63d......................... ......do.......... Jan. 23, 1895 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-66th....................... James D. Phelan... Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-72d........................ Samuel M. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
Shortridge.
73d-75th........................ William Gibbs Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 Res. Nov. 8, 1938.
McAdoo.
75th............................ Thomas M. Storke.. Nov. 9, 1938 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
76th-81st....................... Sheridan Downey... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1951 Res. Nov. 30, 1950.
81st-84th....................... Richard M. Nixon.. Dec. 1, 1950 Jan 2, 1957 (\9\)
83d............................. Thomas H. Kuchel.. Jan. 2, 1953 Nov. 2, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-90th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1954 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-102d....................... Alan Cranston..... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1993 ......................
103d-114th...................... Barbara Boxer..... Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2017 ......................
115th-117th..................... Kamala O. Harris.. Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1851, to Jan. 30, 1852.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899, to Feb. 7, 1900, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Elected Nov. 7, 1916. Took oath Apr. 2, 1917. Governor during interim, until his resignation on Mar. 15,
1917. Died Aug. 6, 1945.
\4\Resigned Dec. 31, 1964.
\5\Elected to full term beginning Jan. 3, 1965; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1965. Resigned Jan. 1, 1971.
\6\Elected to full term beginning Jan. 3, 1971; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1971. Resigned Jan. 1, 1977.
\7\Elected to full term beginning Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\8\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 12, 1857, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\9\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1951; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1951. Resigned Nov. 11, 1952, effective Jan. 1, 1953, having been elected Vice President of the
United States for the 42nd term on Nov. 4, 1952.
See footnotes at end of Colorado table.
1815 1816
COLORADO
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44th-47th....................... Henry M. Teller... Nov. 15, 1876 Mar. 3, 1883 Res. Apr. 17, 1882.
47th............................ George M. Chilcott Apr. 17, 1882 Jan. 27, 1883 By gov., to fill vac.
47th............................ Horace A. W. Tabor Jan. 27, 1883 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-50th....................... Thomas M. Bowen... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1889 ......................
51st-56th....................... Edward O. Wolcott. Mar. 4, 1889 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Thomas M. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
Patterson.
[[Page 603]]
60th-62d........................ Simon Guggenheim.. Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ John F. Shafroth.. Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
66th-71st....................... Lawrence C. Phipps Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-74th........................ Edward P. Costigan Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-83d........................ Edwin C. Johnson.. Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
84th-92d........................ Gordon Allott..... Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
93d-95th........................ Floyd K. Haskell.. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-101st...................... William L. Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1991
Armstrong.
102d-104th...................... Hank Brown........ Jan. 3, 1991 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-110th..................... Wayne Allard...... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-113th..................... Mark Udall........ Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Cory Gardner...... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44th-45th....................... Jerome B. Chaffee. Nov. 15, 1876 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... Nathaniel P. Hill. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-60th....................... Henry M. Teller... Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ Charles J. Hughes, Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 Died Jan. 11, 1911.
Jr..
62d-66th........................ Charles S. Thomas. Jan. 15, 1913 Mar. 3, 1921 (\1\)
67th-69th....................... Samuel D. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 Died Mar. 24, 1923.
Nicholson.
68th............................ Alva B. Adams..... May 17, 1923 Nov. 30, 1924 By gov., to fill vac.
68th-69th....................... Rice W. Means..... Dec. 1, 1924 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-72d........................ Charles W. Mar. 4, 1927 Mar. 3, 1933 Died Aug. 27, 1932.
Waterman.
72d............................. Walter Walker..... Sept. 26, 1932 Dec. 6, 1932 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Karl C. Schuyler.. Dec. 7, 1932 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-78th........................ Alva B. Adams..... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1945 Died Dec. 1, 1941.
77th............................ Eugene D. Millikin Dec. 20, 1941 Nov. 3, 1942 By gov., to fill vac.
77th-84th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 4, 1942 Jan. 2, 1957 ......................
85th-87th....................... John A. Carroll... Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1963 ......................
88th-93d........................ Peter H. Dominick. Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 1975 ......................
94th-99th....................... Gary W. Hart...... Jan. 3, 1975 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
100th-102d...................... Timothy E. Wirth.. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 1993
103d-108th...................... Ben Nighthorse Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
Campbell.
109th-111th..................... Ken Salazar....... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2011 Res. Jan. 20, 2009.
111th........................... Michael Bennet.... Jan. 21, 2009 Jan. 2, 2011 By gov., to fill vac.
112th-117th..................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Jan. 11, 1911, to Jan. 14, 1913, because of failure of legislature to elect.
See footnotes at end of Connecticut table.
1817 1818
CONNECTICUT
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th......................... Oliver Ellsworth.. Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1797 Res. Mar. 8, 1796.
4th-13th........................ James Hillhouse... May 18, 1796 Mar. 3, 1815 Res. June 10, 1810.
11th-16th....................... Samuel W. Dana.... Dec. 4, 1810 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-19th....................... Elijah Boardman... Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1827 Died Oct. 8, 1823.
18th............................ Henry W. Edwards.. Oct. 8, 1823 May 4, 1824 By gov., to fill vac.
18th-19th....................... ......do.......... May 5, 1824 Mar. 3, 1827 ......................
20th-22d........................ Samuel A. Foot.... Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1833 ......................
23d-25th........................ Nathan Smith...... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 Died Dec. 6, 1835.
24th............................ John M. Niles..... Dec. 14, 1835 May 3, 1836 By gov., to fill vac.
24th-25th....................... ......do.......... May 4, 1836 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... Thaddeus Betts.... Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 Died Apr. 7, 1840.
26th-31st....................... Jabez W. May 4, 1840 Mar. 3, 1851 Died Nov. 2, 1847.
Huntington.
30th............................ Roger S. Baldwin.. Nov. 11, 1847 May 2, 1848 By gov., to fill vac.
30th-31st....................... ......do.......... May 3, 1848 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ Isaac Toucey...... May 12, 1852 Mar. 3, 1857 (\1\)
35th-40th....................... James Dixon....... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ William A. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 Died Feb. 5, 1875.
Buckingham.
43d............................. William W. Eaton.. Feb. 5, 1875 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-58th....................... Joseph R. Hawley.. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
59th-61st....................... Morgan G. Bulkeley Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
[[Page 604]]
62d-70th........................ George P. McLean.. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-73d........................ Frederic C. Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
Walcott.
74th-79th....................... Francis Maloney... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1947 Died Jan. 16, 1945.
79th............................ Thomas C. Hart.... Feb. 15, 1945 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
80th-82d........................ Raymond E. Baldwin Dec. 27, 1946 Jan. 2, 1953 (\2\)
81st............................ William Benton.... Dec. 17, 1949 Nov. 7, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-82d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 8, 1950 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-85th........................ William A. Purtell Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-91st....................... Thomas J. Dodd.... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92d-100th....................... Lowell P. Weicker, Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
Jr..
101st-112th..................... Joseph I. Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
Lieberman.
113th-118th..................... Christopher Murphy Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d.......................... William S. Johnson Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1795 Res. Mar. 4, 1791.
2d-3d........................... Roger Sherman..... June 13, 1791 Do. Died July 23, 1793.
3d.............................. Stephen M. Dec. 2, 1793 Do. ......................
Mitchell.
4th-6th......................... Jonathan Trumbull. Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1801 Res. June 10, 1796.
4th-12th........................ Uriah Tracy....... Oct. 13, 1796 Mar. 3, 1813 Died July 19, 1807.
10th-15th....................... Chauncey Goodrich. Oct. 25, 1807 Mar. 3, 1819 Res. in May 1813.
13th-15th....................... David Daggett..... May 13, 1813 Do. ......................
16th-18th....................... James Lanman...... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-21st....................... Calvin Willey..... May 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 (\3\)
22d-24th........................ Gideon Tomlinson.. Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 ......................
25th-27th....................... Perry Smith....... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-30th....................... John M. Niles..... Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-33d........................ Truman Smith...... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 (\4\)
33d............................. Francis Gillette.. May 25, 1854 Do. ......................
34th-39th....................... Lafayette S. Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
Foster.
40th-45th....................... Orris S. Ferry.... Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1879 Died Nov. 21, 1875.
44th............................ James E. English.. Nov. 27, 1875 May 17, 1876 By gov., to fill vac.
44th-45th....................... William H. Barnum. May 17, 1876 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-60th....................... Orville H. Platt.. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1909 Died Apr. 21, 1905.
59th-69th....................... Frank B. Brandegee May 10, 1905 Mar. 3, 1927 (\5\)
68th-72d........................ Hiram Bingham..... Jan. 8, 1925 Mar. 3, 1933 (\6\)
73d-75th........................ Augustine Lonergan Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-78th....................... John A. Danaher... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-84th....................... Brien McMahon..... Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1957 Died July 28, 1952.
82d............................. William A. Purtell Aug. 29, 1952 Nov. 4, 1952 By gov., to fill vac.
82d-87th........................ Prescott Bush..... Nov. 5, 1952 Jan. 3, 1963 ......................
88th-96th....................... Abraham Ribicoff.. Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-111th...................... Christopher J. Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
Dodd.
112th-117th..................... Richard Blumenthal Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1851, to May 11, 1852, because of failure of governor to appoint.
\2\Elected Nov. 5, 1946, to fill the vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1947, and at the same time to the full term
commencing Jan. 3, 1947; took oath Dec. 27, 1946. Governor during interim. Resigned Dec. 16, 1949.
\3\Because the state legislature had failed to elect a senator for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1825, the governor
appointed James Lanman to serve until the legislature was scheduled to meet again in May, but the Senate, on
Mar. 5, 1825, would not permit him to qualify; vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 3, 1825, because of recess of
legislature.
\4\Resigned Apr. 11, 1854, to take effect May 24, 1854.
\5\Died Oct. 14, 1924. Vacancy from Oct. 15 to Jan. 8, 1925.
\6\Elected Dec. 16, 1924. Governor during interim.
See footnotes at end of Delaware table.
1819 1820
DELAWARE
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th......................... George Read....... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1797 (\1\)
3d-7th.......................... Henry Latimer..... Feb. 7, 1795 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Feb. 28, 1801.
6th-7th......................... Samuel White...... Feb. 28, 1801 Jan. 13, 1802 By gov., to fill vac.
7th-13th........................ ......do.......... Jan. 14, 1802 Mar. 3, 1815 Died Nov. 4, 1809.
11th-16th....................... Outerbridge Horsey Jan. 12, 1810 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-19th....................... Caesar A. Rodney.. Jan. 24, 1822 Mar. 3, 1827 (\2\)
Footnotes continued on next page.
[[Page 605]]
DELAWARE--Continued
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18th-19th....................... Thomas Clayton.... Jan. 15, 1824 Do. (\3\)
20th-22d........................ Louis McLane...... Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Apr. 16, 1829.
21st-25th....................... Arnold Naudain.... Jan. 7, 1830 Mar. 3, 1839 Res. June 16, 1836.
24th-28th....................... Richard H. Bayard. June 17, 1836 Mar. 3, 1845 (\4\)
29th-31st....................... John M Clayton.... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Res. Feb. 23, 1849.
30th-31st....................... John Wales........ Feb. 23, 1849 Do. ......................
32d-40th........................ James Asheton Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1869 Res. Jan. 29, 1864.
Bayard, Jr.
38th-40th....................... George Read Riddle Jan. 29, 1864 Do. Died Mar. 29, 1867.
40th............................ James Asheton Apr. 5, 1867 Jan. 18, 1869 By gov., to fill vac.
Bayard, Jr.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 19, 1869 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-49th....................... Thomas F. Bayard, Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1887 Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
Sr.
49th-55th....................... George Gray....... Mar. 18, 1885 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
57th-58th....................... L. Heisler Ball... Mar. 2, 1903 Mar. 3, 1905 (\5\)
59th-64th....................... Henry A. du Pont.. June 13, 1906 Mar. 3, 1917 (\6\)
65th-67th....................... Josiah O. Wolcott. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 Res. July 2, 1921.
67th............................ T. Coleman du Pont July 7, 1921 Nov. 6, 1922 By gov., to fill vac.
67th-70th....................... Thomas F. Bayard, Nov. 8, 1922 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
Jr..
71st-76th....................... John G. Townsend, Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
Jr..
77th-79th....................... James M. Tunnell.. Jan 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-91st....................... John J. Williams.. Jan 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1971 Res. Dec. 31, 1970
91st-106th...................... William V. Roth, Jan. 1, 1971 Jan. 2, 2001 (\7\)
Jr..
107th-118th..................... Thomas Carper..... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... Richard Bassett... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793 ......................
3d-5th.......................... John Vining....... Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. Jan. 19, 1798.
5th............................. Joshua Clayton.... Jan. 19, 1798 Do. Died Aug. 11, 1798.
5th-8th......................... William Hill Wells Jan. 17, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. Nov. 6, 1804.
8th-14th........................ James Asheton Nov. 13, 1804 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Mar. 3, 1813.
Bayard, Sr.
13th-14th....................... William Hill Wells May 28, 1813 Do. ......................
15th-20th....................... Nicholas Van Dyke. Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1829 Died May 21, 1826.
19th............................ Daniel Rodney..... Nov. 8, 1826 Jan. 12, 1827 By gov., to fill vac.
19th-20th....................... Henry M. Ridgely.. Jan. 12, 1827 Mar. 3, 1829
21st-26th....................... John M. Clayton... Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. Dec. 29, 1836.
24th-29th....................... Thomas Clayton.... Jan. 9, 1837 Mar. 3, 1847
30th-32d........................ Presley Spruance.. Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853
33d-35th........................ John M. Clayton... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 Died Nov. 9, 1856.
34th............................ Joseph P. Comegys. Nov. 19, 1856 Jan. 14, 1857 By gov., to fill vac.
34th-35th....................... Martin W. Bates... Jan. 14, 1857 Mar. 3, 1859
36th-41st....................... Willard Saulsbury, Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1871
Sr.
42d-50th........................ Eli Saulsbury..... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1889
51st-53d........................ Anthony Higgins... Mar. 4, 1889 Mar. 3, 1895
54th-56th....................... Richard R. Kenney. Jan. 19, 1897 Mar. 3, 1901 (\8\)
57th-59th....................... James F. Allee.... Mar. 2, 1903 Mar. 3, 1907 (\9\)
60th-62d........................ Harry A. Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913
Richardson.
63d-65th........................ Willard Saulsbury, Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919
Jr.
66th-68th....................... L. Heisler Ball... Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925
69th-70th....................... T. Coleman du Pont Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 Res. Dec. 9, 1928.
70th-71st....................... Daniel O. Hastings Dec. 10, 1928 Nov. 4, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
71st-74th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 5, 1930 Jan. 2, 1937
75th-77th....................... James H. Hughes... Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943
78th-80th....................... C. Douglass Buck.. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949
81st-86th....................... J. Allen Frear, Jr Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1961
87th-92d........................ J. Caleb Boggs.... Jan. 3, 1961 Jan. 2, 1973
93d-113th....................... Joseph R. Biden, Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 2015 Res. Jan. 15,
Jr. 2009.\10\
111th........................... Edward E. (Ted) Jan. 15, 2009 Nov. 15, 2010 By gov., to fill vac.
Kaufman.
111th-116th..................... Christopher Coons. Nov. 15, 2010 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Sept. 18, 1793. Vacancy from Sept. 18, 1793, to Feb. 7, 1795. Kensey Johns was appointed by governor
Mar. 19, 1794, to fill vacancy, but by Senate resolution of Mar. 28, 1794, was declared not entitled to a
seat.
\2\Elected to fill vacancy in term commencing Mar. 4, 1821, and took his seat Jan. 24, 1822; vacancy in this
class from Mar. 4, 1821, to Jan. 23, 1822; resigned Jan. 29, 1823.
\3\Vacancy from Jan. 29, 1823, to Jan. 14, 1824, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\4\Resigned Sept. 19, 1839. Reelected, serving from Jan. 12, 1841, to Mar. 3, 1845. Vacancy from Sept. 19, 1839,
to Jan. 11, 1841.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899, to Mar. 2, 1903, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1905, to June 13, 1906, because of failure of legislature to elect.
[[Page 606]]
\7\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1971; subsequently appointed by governor Jan. 1, 1971, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1971.
\8\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1895, to Jan. 19, 1897, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\9\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1901, to Mar. 2, 1903, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\10\Resigned having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 56th term on Nov. 4, 2008.
Footnotes continued on next page.
1821 1822
FLORIDA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-31st....................... David Levy Yulee.. July 1, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 (\1\)
32d-37th........................ Stephen R. Mallory Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1863 (\2\)
40th............................ Adonijah S. Welch. June 25, 1868 Mar. 3, 1869 (\3\)
41st-43d........................ Abijah Gilbert.... Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875
44th-49th....................... Charles W. Jones.. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1887
50th-52d........................ Samuel Pasco...... May 19, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 (\4\)
53d............................. ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1893 Apr. 19, 1893 By gov., to fill vac.
53d-55th........................ ......do.......... Apr. 20, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899
56th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1899 Apr. 19, 1899 Do.
56th-58th....................... James P. Apr. 20, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905
Taliaferro.
59th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1905 Apr. 19, 1905 Do.
59th-61st....................... ......do.......... Apr. 20, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911
62d............................. Nathan P. Bryan... Mar. 4, 1911 Apr. 18, 1911 Do.
62d-64th........................ ......do.......... Apr. 19, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917
65th-76th....................... Park Trammell..... Mar. 4, 1917 Jan. 2, 1941 Died May 8, 1936.
74th............................ Scott M. Loftin... May 26, 1936 Nov. 3, 1936 By gov., to fill vac.
74th-79th....................... Charles O. Andrews Nov. 4, 1936 Jan. 2, 1947 Died Sept. 18, 1946.
79th............................ Spessard L. Sept. 25, 1946 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
Holland.
79th-91st....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1956 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92d-100th....................... Lawton Chiles..... Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-106th..................... Connie Mack....... Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-115th..................... Bill Nelson....... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Rick Scott........ Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 (\5\)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-30th....................... James D. Westcott, July 1, 1845 Mar. 3, 1849
Jr..
31st-33d........................ Jackson Morton.... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855
34th-36th....................... David L. Yulee.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 (\5\)
40th-42d........................ Thomas W. Osborn.. June 25, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\6\)
43d-45th........................ Simon B. Conover.. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879
46th-54th....................... Wilkinson Call.... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1897
55th-57th....................... Stephen R. Mallory May 15, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 (\7\)
58th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1903 Apr. 21, 1903 By gov., to fill vac.
58th-60th....................... ......do.......... Apr. 22, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 Died Dec. 23, 1907.
60th............................ William J. Bryan.. Dec. 26, 1907 Do. (\8\)
Do............................ William H. Milton. Mar. 27, 1908 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
61st............................ Duncan U. Fletcher Mar. 4, 1909 Apr. 20, 1909 By gov., to fill vac.
61st-75th....................... ......do.......... Apr. 21, 1909 Jan. 2, 1939 Died June 17, 1936.
74th............................ William L. Hill... July 1, 1936 Nov. 3, 1936 By gov., to fill vac.
74th-81st....................... Claude Pepper..... Nov. 4, 1936 Jan. 2, 1951
82d-90th........................ George A. Smathers Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1969
91st-93d........................ Edward J. Gurney.. Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 31, 1974.
93d-96th........................ Richard (Dick) Jan. 1, 1975 Jan. 2, 1981 (\9\)
Stone.
96th-99th....................... Paula Hawkins..... Jan. 1, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 (\10\)
100th-108th..................... Bob Graham........ Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2005
109th-111th..................... Mel Martinez...... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2011 Res. Sep. 9, 2009.
111th........................... George LeMieux.... Sep. 9, 2009 Jan. 2, 2011 By gov., to fill vac.
112th-117th..................... Marco Rubio....... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Joint credentials of David Levy and James D. Westcott, Jr., dated July 1, 1845. Name David Levy changed to
David Levy Yulee by an act of the legislature of Florida (Sen. Jour., Jan. 12, 1846).
\2\Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy
from Jan. 21, 1861, to June 25, 1868, when Florida was readmitted to representation. Wilkinson Call presented
credentials of an election held on Dec. 29, 1865, but was not seated.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1863. Seated July 2, 1868.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 19, 1887; Jesse J. Finley was appointed on Feb. 28, 1887, but never qualified for
the reason that President pro tempore Ingalls held that the appointment having been anticipated was not valid;
a successor was elected.
\5\Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 2019. Governor during interim.
[[Page 607]]
\6\Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Jan. 21, 1861, to June 25, 1868,
when Florida was readmitted to representation. William Marvin presented credentials of an election held on
Dec. 29, 1865, for term ending Mar. 3, 1867, and of an election held on Nov. 28, 1866, for term commencing
Mar. 4, 1867, but was not seated.
\7\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867. Seated June 30, 1868.
\8\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 24, 1897. John A. Henderson was appointed by the governor on Mar. 6, 1897, but was
not seated.
\9\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Mar. 22, 1908.
\10\Elected to full term beginning Jan. 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1975. Resigned Dec. 31, 1980.
\11\Elected to full term beginning Jan. 3, 1981; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1981.
See footnotes at end of Georgia table.
1823 1824
GEORGIA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... William Few....... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793
2d-5th.......................... James Jackson..... Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. 1795.
3d.............................. George Walton..... Nov. 16, 1795 Apr. 12, 1796 By gov., to fill vac.
4th-5th......................... Josiah Tatnall.... Apr. 12, 1796 Mar. 3, 1799
6th-11th........................ Abraham Baldwin... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1811 Died Mar. 4, 1807.
10th............................ George Jones...... Aug. 27, 1807 Nov. 7, 1807 By gov., to fill vac.
10th-14th....................... William H. Nov. 7, 1807 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Mar. 23, 1813.
Crawford.
13th............................ William B. Bulloch Apr. 8, 1813 Nov. 6, 1813 By gov., to fill vac.
13th-14th....................... William Wyatt Bibb Nov. 6, 1813 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Nov. 9, 1816.
14th-17th....................... George Michael Nov. 13, 1816 Mar. 3, 1823 Res. Sept. 23, 1818.
Troup.
15th-17th....................... John Forsyth...... Nov. 23, 1818 Do. (\1\)
16th-17th....................... Freeman Walker.... Nov. 6, 1819 Do. Res. Aug. 8, 1821.
17th-20th....................... Nicholas Ware..... Nov. 10, 1821 Mar. 3, 1829 Died Sept. 7, 1824.
18th-20th....................... Thomas W. Cobb.... Dec. 6, 1824 Do. Res. in 1828.
20th............................ Oliver H. Prince.. Nov. 7, 1828 Do.
21st-23d........................ George Michael Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. Nov. 8, 1833.
Troup.
23d-26th........................ John Pendleton Nov. 21, 1833 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. Nov. 1, 1837.
King.
25th-26th....................... Wilson Lumpkin.... Nov. 22, 1837 Do.
27th-29th....................... John Macpherson Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 Res. May 1845.
Berrien.
29th............................ ......do.......... Nov. 14, 1845 Do.
30th-32d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 13, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 Res. May 28, 1852.\2\
32d............................. Robert M. Charlton May 31, 1852 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
33d-38th........................ Robert Toombs..... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1865 (\3\)
40th-41st....................... Homer V. M. Miller Feb. 24, 1871 Mar. 3, 1871 (\4\)
42d-44th........................ Thomas M. Norwood. Nov. 14, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 (\5\)
45th-47th....................... Benjamin H. Hill.. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 Died Aug. 16, 1882.
47th............................ Pope Barrow....... Nov. 15, 1882 Do. ......................
48th-53d........................ Alfred H. Colquitt Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 Died Mar. 26, 1894.
53d............................. Patrick Walsh..... Apr. 2, 1894 Nov. 6, 1894 By gov., to fill vac.
Do.......................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1894 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-59th....................... Augustus O. Bacon. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
60th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1907 July 8, 1907 Do.
60th-62d........................ ......do.......... July 9, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d............................. ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1913 July 9, 1913 Do.
63d-65th........................ ......do.......... July 10, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 Died Feb. 14, 1914.
63d............................. William S. West... Mar. 2, 1914 Nov. 3, 1914 By gov., to fill vac.
63d-65th........................ Thomas W. Hardwick Nov. 4, 1914 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
66th-74th....................... William J. Harris. Mar. 4, 1919 Jan. 2, 1937 Died Apr. 18, 1932.
72d............................. John S. Cohen..... Apr. 25, 1932 Jan. 11, 1933 By gov., to fill vac.
72d-92d......................... Richard B. Russell Jan. 12, 1933 Jan. 2, 1973 Died Jan. 21, 1971.
92d............................. David H. Gambrell. Feb. 1, 1971 Nov. 7, 1972 By gov., to fill vac.
92d-104th....................... Sam Nunn.......... Nov. 8, 1972 Jan. 2, 1997 (\6\)
105th-107th..................... Max Cleland....... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2003
108th-113th..................... Saxby Chambliss... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... David Perdue...... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th......................... James Gunn........ Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... James Jackson..... Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Died Mar. 19, 1806.
9th-12th........................ John Milledge..... June 19, 1806 Mar. 3, 1813 Res. Nov. 14, 1809.
11th-15th....................... Charles Tait...... Nov. 27, 1809 Mar. 3, 1819 ......................
16th-18th....................... John Elliott...... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-21st....................... John Macpherson Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
Berrien.
21st-24th....................... John Forsyth...... Nov. 9, 1829 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. June 27, 1834.
[[Page 608]]
GEORGIA--Continued
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23d-27th........................ Alfred Cuthbert... Jan. 12, 1835 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-30th....................... Walter T. Colquitt Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. Feb. 1848.
30th............................ Herschel V. Feb. 4, 1848 Do. By gov., to fill
Johnson. vac.\7\
31st-33d........................ William C. Dawson. Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... Alfred Iverson.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 (\8\)
40th-42d........................ Joshua Hill....... Feb. 1, 1871 Mar. 3, 1873 (\9\)
43d-48th........................ John B. Gordon.... Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1885 (\10\)
46th............................ Joseph E. Brown... May 26, 1880 Nov. 15, 1880 By gov., to fill vac.
46th-51st....................... ......do.......... Nov. 16, 1880 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ John B. Gordon.... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-63d........................ Alexander S. Clay. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1915 Died Nov. 13, 1910.
61st-63d........................ Joseph M. Terrell. Nov. 17, 1910 Do. (\11\)
62d-66th........................ Hoke Smith........ Nov. 16, 1911 Mar. 3, 1921 (\12\)
67th-69th....................... Thomas E. Watson.. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 Died Sept. 26, 1922.
67th............................ Rebecca L. Felton. Oct. 3, 1922 Nov. 21, 1922 By gov., to fill vac.
67th-84th....................... Walter F. George.. Nov. 22, 1922 Jan. 2, 1957 ......................
85th-96th....................... Herman E. Talmadge Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1981
97th-99th....................... Mack Mattingly.... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987
100th-102d...................... Wyche Fowler, Jr.. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 1993
103d-108th...................... Paul Coverdell.... Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2005 Died July 18, 2000.
106th........................... Zell Bryan Miller. July 24, 2000 Nov. 6, 2000 By gov., to fill vac.
106th-108th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 2000 Jan. 2, 2005
109th-117th..................... Johnny Isakson.... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2023 Res. Dec. 31, 2019.
116th........................... Kelly Loeffler.... Jan. 6, 2020 Nov. 3, 2020 By gov., to fill vac.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 7, 1818. Served in House during interim. Resigned Feb. 17, 1819.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 12, 1847, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Withdrew from the Senate Feb. 4, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from
Feb. 4, 1861, to Feb. 23, 1871.
\4\Miller was elected July 28, 1868. His credentials were challenged, however, and he was not seated until Feb.
24, 1871.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 13, 1871. Foster Blodgett presented credentials, but was not permitted to
qualify, and on Dec. 19, 1871, was adjudged not elected in accordance with the Constitution.
\6\Elected Nov. 7, 1972, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1973, and also to full term ending Jan. 2, 1979.
\7\Senator-elect in 1866, but was not permitted to qualify.
\8\Withdrew from Senate Jan. 28, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Jan. 28, 1861, to Jan. 31, 1871.
\9\Elected July 28, 1868, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867; credentials challenged; took oath Feb.
1, 1871.
\10\Tendered resignation May 14, 1880, effective May 26, 1880.
\11\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned July 14, 1911.
\12\Elected July 12, 1911. Took oath Dec. 4, 1911. Governor during interim.
1825 1826
HAWAII
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-94th....................... Hiram L. Fong..... Aug. 21, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-103d....................... Spark M. Matsunaga Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1995 Died Apr. 15, 1990.
101st........................... Daniel K. Akaka... May 16, 1990 Nov. 6, 1990 By gov., to fill vac.
101st-112th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1990 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Mazie Hirono...... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86th-87th....................... Oren E. Long...... Aug. 21, 1959 Jan. 2, 1963 ......................
88th-114th...................... Daniel K. Inouye.. Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 2017 Died Dec. 17, 2012.
112th-113th..................... Brian Schatz...... Dec. 26, 2012 Nov. 4, 2014 By gov., to fill vac.
113th-117th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 5, 2014 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of Idaho table.
[[Page 609]]
1827 1828
IDAHO
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-56th....................... George L. Shoup... Dec. 18, 1890 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Fred T. Dubois.... Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
60th-77th....................... William E. Borah.. Mar. 4, 1907 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Jan. 19, 1940.
76th............................ John Thomas....... Jan. 27, 1940 Nov. 5, 1940 By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1940 Jan. 2, 1949 Died Nov. 10, 1945.
79th............................ Charles C. Gossett Nov. 17, 1945 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
80th............................ Henry C. Dworshak. Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-83d........................ Bert H. Miller.... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1955 Died Oct. 8, 1949.
81st............................ Henry C. Dworshak. Oct. 14, 1949 Nov. 6, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-89th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1950 Jan. 2, 1967 Died July 23, 1962.
87th............................ Len B. Jordan..... Aug. 6, 1962 Nov. 6, 1962 By gov., to fill vac.
87th-92d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1962 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
93d-101st....................... James A. McClure.. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1991 ......................
102d-110th...................... Larry E. Craig.... Jan. 3, 1991 Jan. 2, 2009
111th-116th..................... Jim Risch......... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan 2. 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................ William J. Dec. 18, 1890 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
McConnell.
52d-54th........................ Fred T. Dubois.... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... Henry Heitfeld.... Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-63d........................ Weldon B. Heyburn. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1915 Died Oct. 17, 1912.
62d............................. Kirtland I. Perky. Nov. 18, 1912 Feb. 5, 1913 By gov., to fill vac.
62d-66th........................ James H. Brady.... Feb. 6, 1913 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Jan. 13, 1918.
65th............................ John F. Nugent.... Jan. 22, 1918 Nov. 4, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
66th............................ ......do.......... Nov. 5, 1918 Mar. 3, 1921 Res. Jan 14, 1921.
66th-72d........................ Frank R. Gooding.. Jan. 15, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 (\1\)
70th............................ John Thomas....... June 30, 1928 Nov. 5, 1928 By gov., to fill vac.
70th-72d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1928 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-75th........................ James P. Pope..... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-78th....................... D. Worth Clark.... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-81st....................... Glen H. Taylor.... Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-84th........................ Herman Welker..... Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1957 ......................
85th-96th....................... Frank Church...... Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-102d....................... Steven D. Symms... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1993 ......................
103d-105th...................... Dirk Kempthorne... Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
106th-117th..................... Mike Crapo........ Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected to full term commencing Mar. 4, 1921; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Mar. 3, 1921. Died June 24, 1928.
See footnotes at end of Illinois table.
1829 1830
ILLINOIS
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-20th....................... Jesse B. Thomas... Dec. 3, 1818 Mar. 3, 1829 ......................
21st-23d........................ John McLean....... Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 Died Oct. 14, 1830.
21st............................ David J. Baker.... Nov. 12, 1830 Dec. 11, 1830 By gov., to fill vac.
21st-26th....................... John M. Robinson.. Dec. 11, 1830 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... Samuel McRoberts.. Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 Died Mar. 27, 1843.
28th............................ James Semple...... Aug. 16, 1843 Dec. 10, 1844 By gov., to fill vac.
28th-29th....................... ......do.......... Dec. 11, 1844 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-38th....................... Stephen A. Douglas Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1865 Died June 3, 1861.
37th............................ Orville H. June 26, 1861 Jan. 12, 1863 By gov., to fill vac.
Browning.
37th-38th....................... William A. Jan. 12, 1863 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
Richardson.
39th-41st....................... Richard Yates..... Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-44th........................ John A. Logan..... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-47th....................... David Davis....... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-62d........................ Shelby M. Cullom.. Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ James Hamilton Mar. 26, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 (\1\)
Lewis.
66th-68th....................... Medill McCormick.. Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 Died Feb. 25, 1925.
68th-71st....................... Charles S. Deneen. Feb. 26, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 (\2\)
72d-77th........................ James Hamilton Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Apr. 9, 1939.
Lewis.
76th............................ James M. Slattery. Apr. 14, 1939 Nov. 21, 1940 By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th....................... C. Wayland Brooks. Nov. 22, 1940 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-89th....................... Paul H. Douglas... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 ......................
[[Page 610]]
90th-98th....................... Charles H. Percy.. Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1985 ......................
99th-104th...................... Paul Simon........ Jan. 3, 1985 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-116th..................... Richard J. Durbin. Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-18th....................... Ninian Edwards.... Dec. 3, 1818 Mar. 3, 1825 Res. Mar. 4, 1824.
18th............................ John McLean....... Nov. 23, 1824 Do. ......................
19th-24th....................... Elias K. Kane..... Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1837 Died Dec. 11, 1835.
24th............................ William Lee D. Dec. 30, 1835 Do. ......................
Ewing.
25th-27th....................... Richard M. Young.. Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-30th....................... Sidney Breese..... Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-33d........................ James Shields..... Oct. 27, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 (\3\)
34th-42d........................ Lyman Trumbull.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ Richard J. Oglesby Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-51st....................... John A. Logan..... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1891 Died Dec. 26, 1886.
49th-51st....................... Charles B. Farwell Jan. 19, 1877 Do. ......................
52d-54th........................ John McAuley Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
Palmer.
55th-57th....................... William E. Mason.. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-60th....................... Albert J. Hopkins. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ William Lorimer... June 18, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 (\4\)
63d............................. Lawrence Y. Mar. 26, 1913 Do. (\5\)
Sherman.
64th-66th....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... William B. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 Died Dec. 7, 1926.
McKinley.
70th-72d........................ Frank L. Smith.... Mar. 4, 1927 Mar. 3, 1933 (\6\)
71st-72d........................ Otis F. Glenn..... Dec. 3, 1928 Do. ......................
73d-75th........................ William H. Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
Dieterich.
76th-81st....................... Scott W. Lucas.... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-93d......................... Everett McKinley Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1975 Died Sept. 7, 1969.
Dirksen.
91st............................ Ralph Tyler Smith. Sept. 17, 1969 Nov. 16, 1970 By gov., to fill vac.
91st-96th....................... Adlai E. Stevenson Nov. 17, 1970 Jan. 2, 1981 (\7\)
III.
97th-102d....................... Alan J. Dixon..... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1993 ......................
103d-105th...................... Carol Moseley- Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
Braun.
106th-108th..................... Peter G. Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
Fitzgerald.
109th-111th..................... Barack Obama...... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2011 Res. Nov. 16, 2008.\8\
111th........................... Roland Burris..... Jan. 12, 2009 Nov. 29, 2010 By gov., to fill
vac.\9\
111th-114th..................... Mark Kirk......... Nov. 29, 2010 Jan. 2, 2017 (\10\)
115th-117th..................... Tammy Duckworth... Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 25, 1913, because of recess of legislature.
\2\Elected Nov. 4, 1924, for full term commencing Mar. 4, 1925; subsequently appointed by governor to fill
vacancy in term ending Mar. 3, 1925.
\3\Elected for term commencing Mar. 4, 1849; took his seat on Mar. 6, 1849, but on Mar. 15, 1849, the Senate
declared his election void on the ground that he had not been a citizen of the United States the number of
years required by the Constitution; immediately elected for the same term. Vacancy from Mar. 16 to Oct. 27,
1849.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to May 27, 1909, because of failure of legislature to elect, and also from May 27 to June
17, 1909, because Mr. Lorimer did not resign his seat in the House of Representatives until the last named
date. Election declared invalid July 13, 1912.
\5\Vacancy from July 14, 1912, to Mar. 25, 1913, because of recess of legislature.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy, Dec. 16, 1926. Oath not administered. Elected for term beginning Mar. 4, 1927,
but was not permitted to qualify. Resignation sent to governor of Illinois, Feb. 9, 1928. Vacancy from Dec. 8,
1926, to Dec. 2. 1928.
\7\Elected Nov. 3, 1970, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975.
\8\Resigned Nov. 16, 2008, having been elected President of the United States for the 56th term on Nov. 4, 2008.
Vacancy from Nov. 17, 2008, to Jan. 11, 2009.
\9\Appointed Dec. 31, 2008, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 2011, but credentials were not found to be in
order until Jan. 12, 2009.
\10\Elected in a special election to fill remainder of term ending Jan. 2, 2011, and simultaneously elected to
full term beginning Jan. 3, 2011.
See footnotes at end of Indiana table.
1831 1832
INDIANA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14th-22d........................ James Noble....... Dec. 11, 1816 Mar. 3, 1833 Died Feb. 26, 1831.
22d............................. Robert Hanna...... Aug. 19, 1831 Jan. 3, 1832 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 611]]
22d-25th........................ John Tipton....... Jan. 3, 1832 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... Albert S. White... Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 ......................
29th-37th....................... Jesse D. Bright... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1863 Exp. Feb. 5, 1862.
37th............................ Joseph A. Wright.. Feb. 24, 1862 Jan. 14, 1863 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ David Turpie...... Jan. 14, 1863 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
37th-40th....................... Thomas A. Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
Hendricks.
41st-43d........................ Daniel D. Pratt... Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Joseph E. McDonald Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... Benjamin Harrison. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-55th....................... David Turpie...... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-61st....................... Albert J. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
Beveridge.
62d-64th........................ John W. Kern...... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-67th....................... Harry S. New...... Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-70th....................... Samuel M. Ralston. Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 Died Oct. 14, 1925.
69th............................ Arthur R. Robinson Oct. 20, 1925 Nov. 2, 1926 By gov., to fill vac.
69th-73d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1926 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... Sherman Minton.... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
77th-79th....................... Raymond E. Willis. Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-85th....................... William E. Jenner. Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-94th....................... Vance Hartke...... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-112th...................... Richard G. Lugar.. Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 2013
113th-115th..................... Joe Donnelly...... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2019
116th-118th..................... Mike Braun........ Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14th-18th....................... Waller Taylor..... Dec. 11, 1816 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-24th....................... William Hendricks. Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1837 ......................
25th-27th....................... Oliver H. Smith... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-30th....................... Edward A. Hannegan Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-33d........................ James Whitcomb.... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 Died Oct. 4, 1852.
32d............................. Charles W. Nov. 23, 1852 Jan. 11, 1853 By gov., to fill vac.
Cathcart.
32d-33d......................... John Petit........ Jan. 11, 1853 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... Graham N. Fitch... Feb. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1861 (\1\)
37th-39th....................... Henry S. Lane..... Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-45th....................... Oliver H. P. T. Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1879 Died Nov. 1, 1877.
Morton.
45th............................ Daniel W. Voorhees Nov. 6, 1877 Jan. 30, 1879 By gov., to fill vac.
45th-54th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 31, 1879 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-60th....................... Charles W. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1909 Res. Mar. 3, 1905.
Fairbanks.
59th-60th....................... James A. Hemenway. Mar. 4, 1905 Do. ......................
61st-66th....................... Benjamin F. Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Mar. 14, 1916.
Shively.
64th............................ Thomas Taggart.... Mar. 20, 1916 Nov. 7, 1916 By gov., to fill vac.
64th-72d........................ James E. Watson... Nov. 8, 1916 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-78th........................ Frederick Van Nuys Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1945 Died Jan. 25, 1944.
78th............................ Samuel D. Jackson. Jan. 28, 1944 Nov. 13, 1944 By gov., to fill vac.
78th............................ William E. Jenner. Nov. 14, 1944 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-87th....................... Homer E. Capehart. Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1963 ......................
88th-96th....................... Birch Bayh........ Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-102d....................... Dan Quayle........ Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1993 Res. Jan. 2, 1989.\2\
101st........................... Dan Coats......... Jan. 3, 1989 Nov. 6, 1990 By gov., to fill vac.
101st-105th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1990 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
106th-111th..................... Evan Bayh......... Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2011
112th-114th..................... Dan Coats......... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2017 ......................
115th-117th..................... Todd Young........ Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Feb. 3, 1857.
\2\Resigned Jan. 2, 1989, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 51st term on Nov. 8,
1988.
See footnotes at end of Iowa table.
1833 1834
IOWA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-35th....................... George W. Jones... Dec. 7, 1848 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-41st....................... James W. Grimes... Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1871 Res. Dec. 6, 1869.
[[Page 612]]
41st............................ James B. Howell... Jan. 18, 1870 Do. ......................
42d-44th........................ George G. Wright.. Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-47th....................... Samuel J. Kirkwood Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 Res. Mar. 7, 1881.
47th............................ James W. McDill... Mar. 8, 1881 Jan. 17, 1882 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 18, 1882 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-53d........................ James F. Wilson... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-59th....................... John H. Gear...... Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1907 Died July 14, 1900.
56th............................ Jonathan P. Aug. 22, 1900 Mar. 3, 1901 By gov., to fill vac.
Dolliver.
57th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1901 Jan. 20, 1902 Do.
57th-62d........................ ......do.......... Jan. 21, 1902 Mar. 3, 1913 Died Oct. 15, 1910.
61st-62d........................ Lafayette Young... Nov. 12, 1910 Apr. 11, 1911 By gov., to fill vac.
62d-68th........................ William S. Kenyon. Apr. 12, 1911 Mar. 3, 1925 Res. Feb. 24, 1922.
67th............................ Charles A. Rawson. Feb. 24, 1922 Nov. 7, 1922 By gov., to fill vac.
67th-68th....................... Smith W. Brookhart Nov. 8, 1922 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 (\1\)
Do............................ Daniel F. Steck... Apr. 12, 1926 Do. (\2\)
72d-74th........................ L. J. Dickinson... Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-77th....................... Clyde L. Herring.. Jan. 15, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943 (\3\)
78th-80th....................... George A. Wilson.. Jan. 14, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 (\4\)
81st-83d........................ Guy M. Gillette... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
84th-86th....................... Thomas E. Martin.. Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1961 ......................
87th-92d........................ Jack Miller....... Jan. 3, 1961 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
93d-95th........................ Dick Clark........ Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-98th....................... Roger W. Jepsen... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1985 ......................
99th-113th...................... Thomas R. Harkin.. Jan. 3, 1985 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Joni Ernst........ Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-33d........................ Augustus C. Dodge. Dec. 7, 1848 Mar. 3, 1855 Res. Feb. 22, 1855.
34th-36th....................... James Harlan...... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 (\5\)
34th-39th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 17, 1857 Mar. 3, 1867 (\6\)
39th............................ Samuel J. Kirkwood Jan. 13, 1866 Do. ......................
40th-42d........................ James Harlan...... Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-60th........................ William B. Allison Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1909 (\7\)
60th-69th....................... Albert B. Cummins. Nov. 24, 1908 Mar. 3, 1927 Died July 30, 1926.
69th............................ David W. Stewart.. Aug. 7, 1926 Nov. 9, 1926 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Nov. 10, 1926 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-72d........................ Smith W. Brookhart Mar. 4, 1927 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-75th........................ Richard Louis Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 (\8\)
Murphy.
74th-78th....................... Guy M. Gillette... Nov. 4, 1936 Jan. 2, 1945
79th-90th....................... Bourke B. Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
Hickenlooper.
91st-93d........................ Harold E. Hughes.. Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1975 ......................
94th-96th....................... John C. Culver.... Jan. 3, 1975 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-117th...................... Charles E. Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
Grassley.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Election declared invalid, Apr. 12, 1926.
\2\ Successfully contested the election of Smith W. Brookhart and took his seat Apr. 12, 1926.
\3\ Elected Nov. 3, 1936. Governor during interim.
\4\ Elected Nov. 3, 1942. Governor during interim.
\5\ Seat declared vacant Jan. 12, 1857.
\6\ Resigned May 15, 1865. Vacancy from May 16, 1865, to Jan. 12, 1866.
\7\ Died Aug. 4, 1908. Vacancy from Aug. 4 to Nov. 24, 1908, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\8\ Died July 16, 1936. Vacancy from July 17 to Nov. 3, 1936, when a successor was elected.
See footnotes at end of Kansas table.
1835 1836
KANSAS
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37th-41st....................... James H. Lane..... Apr. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1871 Died July 11, 1866.
39th............................ Edmund G. Ross.... July 19, 1866 Jan. 22, 1867 By gov., to fill vac.
39th-41st....................... ......do.......... Jan. 23, 1867 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-44th........................ Alexander Caldwell Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 Res. Mar. 24, 1873.
43d............................. Robert Crozier.... Nov. 24, 1873 Feb. 12, 1874 By gov., to fill vac.
43d-44th........................ James M. Harvey... Feb. 12, 1874 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
[[Page 613]]
45th-53d........................ Preston B. Plumb.. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1895 Died Dec. 20, 1891.
52d............................. Bishop W. Perkins. Jan. 1, 1892 Mar. 3, 1893 By gov., to fill vac.
53d............................. John Martin....... Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-56th....................... Lucien Baker...... Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Joseph R. Burton.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 Res. June 4, 1906.
59th............................ Alfred W. Benson.. June 11, 1906 Jan. 23, 1907 By gov., to fill vac.
59th-62d........................ Charles Curtis.... Jan. 29, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ William H. Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
Thompson.
66th-80th....................... Arthur Capper..... Mar. 4, 1919 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-89th....................... Andrew F. Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 Died Jan. 21, 1962.
Schoeppel.
87th............................ James B. Pearson.. Jan. 31, 1962 Nov. 5, 1962 By gov., to fill vac.
87th-95th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1962 Jan. 2, 1979 Res. Dec. 23, 1978.
95th-104th...................... Nancy L. Kassebaum Dec. 23, 1978 Jan. 2, 1997 (\1\)
105th-116th..................... Pat Roberts....... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
37th-42d........................ Samuel C. Pomeroy. Apr. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-51st........................ John J. Ingalls... Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ William A. Peffer. Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... William A. Harris. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-60th....................... Chester I. Long... Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ Joseph L. Bristow. Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-72d........................ Charles Curtis.... Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1933 Res. Mar. 3, 1929.\2\
71st............................ Henry J. Allen.... Apr. 1, 1929 Nov. 30, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
71st-75th....................... George McGill..... Dec. 1, 1930 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-81st....................... Clyde M. Reed..... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1951 Died Nov. 8, 1949.
81st............................ Harry Darby....... Dec. 2, 1949 Nov. 28, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-90th....................... Frank Carlson..... Nov. 29, 1950 Jan. 2, 1969 (\3\)
91st-104th...................... Robert Dole....... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1999 Res. June 11, 1996.
104th........................... Sheila Frahm...... June 11, 1996 Nov. 5, 1996 By gov., to fill vac.
104th-111th..................... Sam Brownback..... Nov. 7, 1996 Jan. 2, 2011 (\4\)
112th-117th..................... Jerry Moran....... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2. 1979.
\2\ Resigned Mar. 3, 1929, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 36th term on Nov. 6,
1928.
\3\ Elected Nov. 7, 1950, to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1951, and also to full term ending Jan. 2, 1957.
\4\ Elected on Nov. 5, 1996, to unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1999. Resigned from the House of Representatives
on Nov. 27, retroactive to Nov. 7, 1996. Sworn in on Nov. 27.
See footnotes at end of Kentucky table.
1837 1838
KENTUCKY
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-8th.......................... John Brown........ June 18, 1792 Mar. 3, 1805 ......................
9th-11th........................ Buckner Thruston.. Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1811 Res. Dec. 18, 1809.
11th............................ Henry Clay........ Jan. 4, 1810 Do. ......................
12th-14th....................... George M. Bibb.... Mar. 4, 1811 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Aug. 23, 1814.
13th............................ George Walker..... Aug. 30, 1814 Feb. 1, 1815 By gov., to fill vac.
13th-14th....................... William T. Barry.. Feb. 2, 1815 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. May 1, 1816.
14th............................ Martin D. Hardin.. Nov. 13, 1816 Dec. 4, 1816 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Dec. 5, 1816 Mar. 3, 1817 ......................
15th-17th....................... John J. Crittenden Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 Res. Mar. 3, 1819.
16th-20th....................... Richard M. Johnson Dec. 10, 1819 Mar. 3, 1829 ......................
21st-23d........................ George M. Bibb.... Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
24th-26th....................... John J. Crittenden Mar. 4, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... James T. Morehead. Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-32d........................ Joseph R. Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
Underwood.
33d-35th........................ John B. Thompson.. Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... Lazarus W. Powell. Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
39th-41st....................... James Guthrie..... Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 Res. Feb. 7, 1868.
40th-41st....................... Thomas C. McCreery Feb. 19, 1868 Do. ......................
42d-44th........................ John W. Stevenson. Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
[[Page 614]]
45th-53d........................ James B. Beck..... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1895 Died May 3, 1890.
51st-53d........................ John G. Carlisle.. May 17, 1890 Do. Res. Feb. 4, 1893.
52d-56th........................ William Lindsay... Feb. 15, 1893 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Joseph C. S. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
Blackburn.
60th-62d........................ Thomas H. Paynter. Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ Ollie M. James.... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 Died Aug. 28, 1918.
65th............................ George B. Martin.. Sept. 7, 1918 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
66th-68th....................... A. Owsley Stanley. Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... Fred M. Sackett... Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 Res. Jan. 9, 1930.
71st............................ John M. Robsion... Jan. 11, 1930 Nov. 30, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Ben M. Williamson. Dec. 1, 1930 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-77th........................ Marvel M. Logan... Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Oct. 3, 1939.
76th............................ Albert B. Chandler Oct. 10, 1939 Nov. 5, 1940 By gov., to fill vac.
76th-80th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1940 Jan. 2, 1949 Res. Nov. 1, 1945.
79th............................ William A. Nov. 19, 1945 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
Stanfill.
80th............................ John Sherman Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
Cooper.
81st-83d........................ Virgil Chapman.... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1955 Died Mar. 8, 1951.
82d............................. Thomas R. Mar. 19, 1951 Nov. 4, 1952 By gov., to fill vac.
Underwood.
82d-83d......................... John Sherman Nov. 5, 1952 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
Cooper.
84th-86th....................... Alben W. Barkley.. Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1961 Died Apr. 30, 1956.
84th............................ Robert Humphreys.. June 21, 1956 Nov. 6, 1956 By gov., to fill
vac.\1\
85th-92d........................ John Sherman Nov. 7, 1956 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
Cooper.
93d-98th........................ Walter D. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1985 ......................
Huddleston.
99th-116th...................... Mitch McConnell... Jan. 3, 1985 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-3d........................... John Edwards...... June 18, 1792 Mar. 3, 1795 ......................
4th-6th......................... Humphrey Marshall. Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... John Breckinridge. Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. Aug. 7, 1805.
9th............................. John Adair........ Nov. 8, 1805 Do. Res. Nov. 18, 1806.
Do............................ Henry Clay........ Dec. 29, 1806 Do. ......................
10th-12th....................... John Pope......... Mar. 4, 1807 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Jesse Bledsoe..... Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 Res. Jan. 14, 1815.\2\
Do............................ Isham Talbot...... Feb. 2, 1815 Do. ......................
16th-18th....................... William Logan..... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 Res. May 28, 1820.
Do............................ Isham Talbot...... Oct. 19, 1820 Do. ......................
19th-21st....................... John Rowan........ Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-27th........................ Henry Clay........ Nov. 10, 1831 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Mar. 31, 1842.
27th-30th....................... John J. Crittenden Mar. 31, 1842 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. June 12, 1848.
30th............................ Thomas Metcalfe... June 23, 1848 Jan. 2, 1849 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 3, 1849 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-33d........................ Henry Clay........ Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 (\3\)
32d............................. David Meriwether.. July 6, 1852 Sept. 1, 1852 By gov., to fill vac.
32d-33d......................... Archibald Dixon... Sept. 1, 1852 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... John J. Crittenden Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... John C. Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 Exp. Dec. 4, 1861.
Breckinridge.
37th-42d........................ Garrett Davis..... Dec. 10, 1861 Mar. 3, 1873 Died Sept. 22, 1872.
42d............................. Willis B. Machen.. Sept. 27, 1872 Jan. 20, 1873 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 21, 1873 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ Thomas C. McCreery Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... John Stuart Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
Williams.
49th-54th....................... Joseph C. S. Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
Blackburn.
55th-57th....................... William J. Deboe.. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-60th....................... James B. McCreary. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ William O. Bradley Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 Died May 23, 1914.
63d............................. Johnson N. Camden, June 16, 1914 Nov. 2, 1914 By gov., to fill vac.
Jr..
Do............................ ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1914 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-66th....................... John C. W. Beckham Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... Richard P. Ernst.. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-81st....................... Alben W. Barkley.. Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1951 (\4\)
81st............................ Garrett L. Withers Jan. 20, 1949 Nov. 26, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-84th....................... Earle C. Clements. Nov. 27, 1950 Jan. 2, 1957 (\5\)
85th-90th....................... Thruston B. Morton Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1969 Res. Dec. 16, 1968.
90th-93d........................ Marlow W. Cook.... Dec. 17, 1968 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 27, 1974.\6\
93d-105th....................... Wendell H. Ford... Dec. 28, 1974 Jan. 2, 1999 (\7\)
106th-111th..................... Jim Bunning....... Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2011
[[Page 615]]
KENTUCKY--Continued
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
112th-117th..................... Rand Paul......... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Joseph J. Leary appointed June 18, 1956, to fill vacancy, but declined to serve.
\2\Resignation offered Dec. 24, 1814, but remained on Senate payroll until Jan. 14, 1815.
\3\Resigned Dec. 17, 1851, to take effect first Monday in Sept. 1852. Died June 29, 1852.
\4\Resigned Jan. 19, 1949, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 41st term on Nov. 2,
1948.
\5\Elected Nov. 7, 1950, for vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1951, and at the same time, elected for full term
beginning Jan. 3, 1951. Oath administered Nov. 27, 1950.
\6\Elected to six-year term commencing Jan. 3, 1969; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1969.
\7\Elected to six-year term commencing Jan. 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1975.
See footnotes at end of Louisiana table.
1839 1840
LOUISIANA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12th-14th....................... Jean N. Destrehan. Sept. 3, 1812 Mar. 3, 1817 (\1\)
12th............................ Thomas Posey...... Oct. 8, 1812 Feb. 4, 1813 By gov., to fill vac.
12th-14th....................... James Brown....... Feb. 5, 1813 Mar. 3, 1817 Elect. Dec. 1, 1812.
15th-17th....................... William C. C. Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 Died Nov. 23, 1817.
Claiborne.
15th-20th....................... Henry Johnson..... Jan. 12, 1818 Mar. 3, 1829 Res. May 27, 1824.
18th-20th....................... Dominique Bouligny Nov. 19, 1824 Do. ......................
21st-23d........................ Edward Livingston. Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. May 24, 1831.
22d-23d......................... George A. Waggaman Nov. 15, 1831 Do. ......................
24th-26th....................... Robert C. Nicholas Jan. 13, 1836 Mar. 3, 1841 (\2\)
27th-29th....................... Alexander Barrow.. Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 Died Dec. 29, 1846.
29th............................ Pierre Soule...... Jan. 21, 1847 Do. ......................
30th-32d........................ Solomon W. Downs.. Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-38th........................ Judah P. Benjamin. Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1865 (\3\)
40th-41st....................... John S. Harris.... July 9, 1868 Mar. 3, 1871 (\4\)
42d-44th........................ J. Rodman West.... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-47th....................... William P. Kellogg Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-53d........................ Randall L. Gibson. Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 Died Dec. 15, 1892.
52d-53d......................... Donelson Caffery.. Dec. 31, 1892 May 22, 1894 By gov., to fill vac.
53d-56th........................ ......do.......... May 23, 1894 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-62d........................ Murphy J. Foster.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-71st........................ Joseph E. Ransdell Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-74th........................ Huey P. Long...... Jan. 25, 1932 Jan. 2, 1937 (\5\)
74th............................ Rose McConnell Jan. 31, 1936 Apr. 20, 1936 By gov., to fill vac.
Long.
Do............................ ......do.......... Apr. 21, 1936 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-92d........................ Allen J. Ellender. Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1973 Died July 27, 1972.
92d............................. Elaine S. Edwards. Aug. 1, 1972 Do. (\6\)
92d-104th....................... J. Bennett Nov. 14, 1972 Jan. 2, 1997 (\7\)
Johnston, Jr..
105th-113th..................... Mary L. Landrieu.. Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2015
114th-116th..................... Bill Cassidy...... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12th............................ Allan B. Magruder. Sept. 3, 1812 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Eligius Fromentin. Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 ......................
16th-18th....................... James Brown....... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 Res. Dec. 10, 1823.
18th-24th....................... Josiah S. Johnston Jan. 15, 1824 Mar. 3, 1837 Died May 19, 1833.\8\
23d-24th........................ Alexander Porter.. Dec. 19, 1833 Do. Res. Jan. 5, 1837.
24th-27th....................... Alexander Mouton.. Jan. 12, 1837 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Mar. 1, 1842.
27th............................ Charles M. Conrad. Apr. 14, 1842 Do. ......................
28th-30th....................... Henry Johnson..... Feb. 12, 1844 Mar. 3, 1849 (\9\)
31st-33d........................ Pierre Soule...... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 Res. Apr. 11, 1853.
33d-36th........................ John Slidell...... Apr. 28, 1853 Mar. 3, 1861 (\10\)
40th-44th....................... William P. Kellogg July 9, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\11\)
44th-45th....................... James B. Eustis... Jan. 12, 1876 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... Benjamin F. Jonas. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-51st....................... James B. Eustis... Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ Edward D. White... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 Res. Mar. 12, 1894.
53d............................. Newton C. Mar. 12, 1894 May 22, 1894 By gov., to fill vac.
Blanchard.
53d-54th........................ ......do.......... May 23, 1894 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
[[Page 616]]
LOUISIANA--Continued
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
55th-63d........................ Samuel D. McEnery. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1915 Died June 28, 1910.
61st-63d........................ John R. Thornton.. Dec. 7, 1910 Mar. 3, 1915 (\12\)
64th-66th....................... Robert F. Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Apr. 12, 1918.
Broussard.
65th............................ Walter Guion...... Apr. 22, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
65th-66th....................... Edward J. Gay..... Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-72d........................ Edwin S. Broussard Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-81st........................ John H. Overton... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1951 Died May 14, 1948.
80th............................ William C. Feazel. May 18, 1948 Dec. 30, 1948 By gov., to fill vac.
80th-99th....................... Russell B. Long... Dec. 31, 1948 Jan. 2, 1987 (\13\)
100th-108th..................... John B. Breaux.... Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
109th-114th..................... David Vitter...... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2017 ......................
115th-117th..................... John Kennedy...... Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Not sworn. Resigned Oct. 1, 1812.
\2\Elected in place of Chas. E. A. Gayarre, who did not qualify. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1835, to Jan. 13, 1836.
\3\Withdrew Feb. 4, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Feb. 4, 1861,
to July 9, 1868, when Louisiana was readmitted to representation.
\4\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated July 17, 1868.
\5\Elected Nov. 4, 1930. Took oath Jan. 25, 1932. Governor during interim. Died Sept. 10, 1935. Vacancy from
Sept. 11, 1935, to Jan. 30, 1936.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned, effective Nov. 13, 1972.
\7\Elected to six-year term commencing Jan. 3, 1973; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1973.
\8\Vacancy from May 20 to Dec. 18, 1833.
\9\Alexander Porter was elected for this term, but he did not present credentials nor qualify. Vacancy from Mar.
4, 1843, to Feb. 12, 1844.
\10\Withdrew from the Senate Feb. 4, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Feb. 4, 1861, to July 9, 1868,
when Louisiana was readmitted to representation.
\11\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867. Seated July 17, 1868. Resigned Nov. 1, 1872.
Vacancy from Nov. 1, 1872, to Jan. 12, 1876.
\12\Vacancy from June 29 to Dec. 6, 1910.
\13\Elected Nov. 2, 1948, for term ending Jan. 2, 1951. Oath administered Dec. 31, 1948.
See footnotes at end of Main table.
1841 1842
MAINE
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-19th....................... John Holmes....... June 13, 1820 Mar. 3, 1827 ......................
20th-22d........................ Albion K. Parris.. Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Aug. 26, 1828.
Do............................ John Holmes....... Jan. 15, 1829 Do. ......................
23d-25th........................ Ether Shepley..... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 Res. Mar. 3, 1836.
24th............................ Judah Dana........ Dec. 7, 1836 Mar. 3, 1837 By gov., to fill vac.
25th-28th....................... Reuel Williams.... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1845 Res. Feb. 15, 1843.
28th-31st....................... John Fairfield.... Mar. 7, 1843 Mar. 3, 1851 Died Dec. 24, 1847.
30th............................ Wyman B. S. Moor.. Jan. 5, 1848 June 7, 1848 By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th....................... Hannibal Hamlin... June 8, 1848 Mar. 3, 1857 Res. Jan. 7, 1857.
34th............................ Amos Nourse....... Jan. 16, 1857 Do. ......................
35th-37th....................... Hannibal Hamlin... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 (\1\)
36th-40th....................... Lot Myrick Morrill Jan. 17, 1861 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-46th....................... Hannibal Hamlin... Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-61st....................... Eugene Hale....... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ Charles F. Johnson Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-76th....................... Frederick Hale.... Mar. 4, 1917 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
77th-82d........................ Ralph O. Brewster. Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1953 Res. Dec. 31, 1952.
83d-85th........................ Frederick G. Payne Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-97th....................... Edmund S. Muskie.. Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1983 Res. May 7, 1980.
96th............................ George J. Mitchell May 17, 1980 Jan. 2, 1983 By gov., to fill vac.
96th-103d....................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 1983 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-112th..................... Olympia J. Snowe.. Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Angus King........ Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16th-20th....................... John Chandler..... June 14, 1820 Mar. 3, 1829 ......................
21st-23d........................ Peleg Sprague..... Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. Jan. 1, 1835.
23d-26th........................ John Ruggles...... Jan. 20, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... George Evans...... Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
[[Page 617]]
MAINE--Continued
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-32d........................ James W. Bradbury. Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-38th........................ William Pitt Feb. 10, 1854 Mar. 3, 1865 Res. July 1, 1864.
Fessenden.
38th............................ Nathan A. Farwell. Oct. 27, 1864 Jan. 10, 1865 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 11, 1865 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
39th-41st....................... William Pitt Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 Died Sept. 8, 1869.
Fessenden.
41st............................ Lot Myrick Morrill Oct. 30, 1869 Jan. 18, 1870 By gov., to fill vac.
41st-44th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 19, 1870 Mar. 3, 1877 Res. July 7, 1876.
44th............................ James G. Blaine... July 10, 1876 Jan. 16, 1877 By gov., to fill vac.
44th-47th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 17, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 Res. Mar. 5, 1881.
47th-62d........................ William P. Frye... Mar. 18, 1881 Mar. 3, 1913 (\2\)
62d............................. Obadiah Gardner... Sept. 23, 1911 Apr. 1, 1912 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Apr. 2, 1912 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ Edwin C. Burleigh. Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 Died June 16, 1916.\3\
64th-71st....................... Bert M. Fernald... Sept. 12, 1916 Mar. 3, 1931 Died Aug. 23, 1926.
69th-71st....................... Arthur R. Gould... Nov. 30, 1926 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-80th........................ Wallace H. White, Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
Jr..
81st-92d........................ Margaret Chase Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
Smith.
93d-95th........................ William D. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
Hathaway.
96th-104th...................... William S. Cohen.. Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-116th..................... Susan M. Collins.. Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Jan. 7, 1861, to take effect Jan. 17, 1861, having been elected Vice President of the United States
for the 19th term on Nov. 6, 1860.
\2\Elected Mar. 15, 1881. Resigned From House Mar. 17, 1881. Died Aug. 8, 1911.
\3\Vacancy from June 17 to Sept. 11, 1916, because of recess of legislature.
See footnotes at end of Maryland table.
1843 1844
MARYLAND
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-4th......................... C. Carroll, of Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1797 Res. Nov. 30, 1792.
Carrollton.
2d-4th.......................... Richard Potts..... Jan. 10, 1793 Do. Res. Oct. 24, 1796.
4th-7th......................... John E. Howard.... Nov. 21, 1796 Mar. 3, 1803 ......................
8th-10th........................ Samuel Smith...... Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 ......................
11th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1809 Nov. 15, 1809 By gov., to fill vac.
11th-13th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 16, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 ......................
14th-16th....................... Robert G. Harper.. Jan. 29, 1816 Mar. 3, 1821 (\1\)
Do............................ Alexander Contee Dec. 20, 1816 Do. Died Apr. 23, 1819.
Hanson.
16th-19th....................... William Pinkney... Dec. 21, 1819 Mar. 3, 1827 Died Feb. 25, 1822.
17th-23d........................ Samuel Smith...... Dec. 16, 1822 Mar. 3, 1833 ......................
23d-25th........................ Joseph Kent....... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 Died Nov. 24, 1837.
25th-28th....................... William D. Merrick Jan. 4, 1838 Mar. 3, 1845 ......................
29th-31st....................... Reverdy Johnson... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Res. Mar. 7, 1849.
31st............................ David Stewart..... Dec. 6, 1849 Jan. 12, 1850 By gov., to fill vac.
31st-34th....................... Thomas G. Pratt... Jan. 12, 1850 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Anthony Kennedy... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
38th-40th....................... Reverdy Johnson... Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 Res. July 10, 1868.
40th............................ William Pinkney July 13, 1868 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
Whyte.
41st-43d........................ William T. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
Hamilton.
44th-46th....................... William Pinkney Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
Whyte.
47th-55th....................... Arthur P. Gorman.. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-58th....................... Louis E. McComas.. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
59th-64th....................... Isidor Rayner..... Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1917 Died Nov. 25, 1912.
62d-63d......................... William P. Jackson Nov. 29, 1912 Jan. 28, 1914 By gov., to fill vac.
63d-64th........................ Blair Lee......... Jan. 29, 1914 Mar. 3, 1917
65th-67th....................... Joseph L. France.. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-70th....................... William Cabell Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
Bruce.
71st-73d........................ Phillips Lee Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
Goldsborough.
74th-79th....................... George L.P. Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
Radcliffe.
80th-82d........................ Herbert R. O'Conor Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-88th........................ J. Glenn Beall.... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1965 ......................
89th-91st....................... Joseph D. Tydings. Jan. 3, 1965 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92d-94th........................ J. Glenn Beall, Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
Jr..
95th-109th...................... Paul S. Sarbanes.. Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
[[Page 618]]
110th-118th..................... Benjamin L. Cardin Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th......................... John Henry........ Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1801 Res. July 10, 1797.
5th-6th......................... James Lloyd....... Dec. 8, 1797 Do. Res. Dec. 1, 1800.
6th............................. William Hindman... Dec. 12, 1800 Do. ......................
7th............................. ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1801 Nov. 19, 1801 By gov., to fill vac.
7th-9th......................... Robert Wright..... Nov. 19, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. Nov. 12, 1806.
9th-12th........................ Philip Reed....... Nov. 25, 1806 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Robert H. May 21, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 (\2\)
Goldsborough.
16th-21st....................... Edward Lloyd...... Dec. 27, 1819 Mar. 3, 1831 Res. Jan. 14, 1826.
19th-24th....................... Ezekiel F. Jan. 24, 1826 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. Dec. 20, 1834.
Chambers.
23d-24th........................ Robert H. Jan. 13, 1835 Do. Died Oct. 5, 1936.
Goldsborough.
24th-27th....................... John S. Spence.... Dec. 31, 1836 Mar. 3, 1843 Died Oct. 24, 1840.
26th-27th....................... John Leeds Kerr... Jan. 5, 1841 Do. ......................
28th-29th....................... James A. Pearce... Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1867 Died Dec. 20, 1862.
37th-38th....................... Thomas H. Hicks... Dec. 29, 1862 Jan. 11, 1864 By gov., to fill vac.
38th-39th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 12, 1864 Mar. 3, 1867 Died Feb. 14, 1865.
39th............................ John A. J. Mar. 9, 1865 Do. ......................
Creswell.
40th-42d........................ George Vickers.... Mar. 7, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\3\)
43d-45th........................ George R. Dennis.. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... James B. Groome... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-51st....................... Ephraim King Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 (\4\)
Wilson.
52d............................. Charles H. Gibson. Nov. 19, 1891 Jan. 21, 1892 By gov., to fill vac.
52d-54th........................ ......do.......... Jan. 21, 1892 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... George L. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
Wellington.
58th-60th....................... Arthur P. Gorman.. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 Died June 4, 1906.
59th-60th....................... William Pinkney June 8, 1906 Jan. 14, 1908 By gov., to fill vac.
Whyte.
60th............................ ......do.......... Jan. 15, 1908 Mar. 3, 1909 Died Mar. 17, 1908.
60th-66th....................... John Walter Smith. Mar. 25, 1908 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... Ovington E. Weller Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-81st....................... Millard E. Tydings Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-87th........................ John Marshall Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1963 ......................
Butler.
88th-90th....................... Daniel B. Brewster Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-99th....................... Charles McC. Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
Mathias, Jr..
100th-114th..................... Barbara A. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2017 ......................
Mikulski.
115th-117th..................... Chris Van Hollen.. Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1815, to Jan. 28, 1816, due to failure of legislature to elect. Resigned Dec. 6, 1816.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1813, to May 20, 1813, due to failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Philip F. Thomas was elected but was not permitted to qualify. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1867, to Mar. 6, 1868.
\4\Died Feb. 24, 1891. Had been reelected on Jan. 15, 1890, for the term beginning Mar. 4, 1891. Vacancy from
Feb. 25 to Nov. 18, 1891, because of recess of legislature.
See footnotes at end of Massachusetts table.
1845 1846
MASSACHUSETTS
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st............................. Tristram Dalton... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1791 ......................
2d-4th.......................... George Cabot...... Mar. 4, 1791 Mar. 3, 1797 Res. June 9, 1796.
4th-7th......................... Benjamin Goodhue.. June 11, 1796 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Nov. 8, 1800.
6th-7th......................... Jonathan Mason.... Nov. 14, 1800 Do. ......................
8th-10th........................ John Quincy Adams. Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. June 8, 1808.
10th-13th....................... James Lloyd....... June 9, 1808 Mar. 3, 1815 Res. May 1, 1813.
13th............................ Christopher Gore.. May 5, 1813 May 29, 1813 By gov., to fill vac.
13th-16th....................... ......do.......... May 30, 1813 Mar. 3, 1821 Res. May 30, 1816.
14th-16th....................... Eli P. Ashmun..... June 12, 1816 Do. Res. May 10, 1818.
15th-16th....................... Prentiss Mellen... June 5, 1818 Do. Res. May 15, 1820.
16th-19th....................... Elijah H. Mills... June 12, 1820 Mar. 3, 1827 ......................
20th-28th....................... Daniel Webster.... May 30, 1827 Mar. 3, 1845 Res. Feb. 22, 1841.
26th-28th....................... Rufus Choate...... Feb. 23, 1841 Do. ......................
29th-31st....................... Daniel Webster.... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Res. July 22, 1850.
[[Page 619]]
31st............................ Robert C. Winthrop July 30, 1850 Feb. 1, 1851 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Robert Rantoul.... Feb. 1, 1851 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-43d......................... Charles Sumner.... Apr. 24, 1851 Mar. 3, 1875 Died Mar. 11, 1874.
43d............................. William B. Apr. 17, 1874 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
Washburn.
44th-52d........................ Henry L. Dawes.... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-70th........................ Henry Cabot Lodge. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1929 Died Nov. 9, 1924.
69th............................ William M. Butler. Nov. 13, 1924 Dec. 5, 1926 By gov., to fill vac.
69th-79th....................... David I. Walsh.... Dec. 6, 1926 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-82d........................ Henry Cabot Lodge, Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
Jr..
83d-88th........................ John F. Kennedy... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1965 (\1\)
87th............................ Benjamin A. Smith, Dec. 27, 1960 Nov. 6, 1962 By gov., to fill vac.
II.
87th-112th...................... Edward M. Kennedy. Nov. 7, 1962 Jan. 2, 2013 Died Aug. 25, 2009.
111th........................... Paul G. Kirk, Jr.. Sept. 24, 2009 Feb. 4, 2010 By gov., to fill vac.
111th-112th..................... Scott P. Brown.... Feb. 4, 2010 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Elizabeth Warren.. Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-5th......................... Caleb Strong...... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. June 1, 1796.
4th-5th......................... Theodore Sedgwick. June 11, 1796 Do. ......................
6th-8th......................... Samuel Dexter..... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. May 30, 1800.
Do............................ Dwight Foster..... June 6, 1800 Do. Res. Mar. 3, 1803.
8th-11th........................ Timothy Pickering. Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1811 ......................
12th-14th....................... Joseph B. Varnum.. June 8, 1811 Mar. 3, 1817 ......................
15th-17th....................... Harrison Gray Otis Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 Res. May 30, 1822.
17th-20th....................... James Lloyd....... June 5, 1822 Mar. 3, 1829 Res. May 23, 1826.
19th-23d........................ Nathaniel Silsbee. May 31, 1826 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
24th-26th....................... John Davis........ Mar. 4, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. Jan. 5, 1841.
26th-29th....................... Isaac C. Bates.... Jan. 13, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 Died Mar. 16, 1945.
29th-32d........................ John Davis........ Mar. 24, 1845 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ Edward Everett.... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 Res. June 1, 1854.
33d............................. Julius Rockwell... June 3, 1854 Jan. 31, 1855 By gov., to fill vac.
33d-44th........................ Henry Wilson...... Jan. 31, 1855 Mar. 3, 1877 Res. Mar. 3, 1873.
43d-44th........................ George S. Boutwell Mar. 12, 1873 Do. ......................
45th-59th....................... George F. Hoar.... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1907 Died Sept. 30, 1904.
58th............................ Winthrop Murray Oct. 12, 1904 Jan. 17, 1905 By gov., to fill vac.
Crane.
58th-62d........................ ......do.......... Jan. 18, 1905 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ John W. Weeks..... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
66th-68th....................... David I. Walsh.... Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... Frederick H. Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
Gillett.
72d-74th........................ Marcus A. Coolidge Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-80th....................... Henry Cabot Lodge, Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1949 Res. Feb. 3, 1944.
Jr..
78th............................ Sinclair Weeks.... Feb. 8, 1944 Dec. 19, 1944 By gov., to fill vac.
78th-89th....................... Leverett Jan. 4, 1945 Jan. 2, 1967 (\2\)
Saltonstall.
90th-95th....................... Edward W. Brooke.. Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-98th....................... Paul Tsongas...... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1985 Res. Jan. 2, 1985.
98th-113th...................... John F. Kerry..... Jan. 2, 1985 Jan. 2, 2015 (\3\)
113th........................... William ``Mo'' Feb. 1, 2013 July 15, 2013 By gov., to fill vac.
Cowan.
113th-116th..................... Edward Markey..... July 16, 2013 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Dec. 22, 1960, having been elected President of the United States for the 44th term on Nov. 8, 1960.
Vacancy from Dec. 23 to 26, 1960.
\2\Elected Nov. 7, 1944. Took oath Jan. 10, 1945. Governor during interim.
\3\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1985; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1985. Resigned Feb. 1, 2013.
See footnotes at end of Michigan table.
1847 1848
MICHIGAN
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-25th....................... Lucius Lyon....... Jan. 26, 1837 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... Augustus S. Porter Jan. 20, 1840 Mar. 3, 1845 ......................
29th-31st....................... Lewis Cass........ Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Res. May 29, 1848.
30th............................ Thomas Fitzgerald. June 8, 1848 Mar. 3, 1849 By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th....................... Lewis Cass........ Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-43d........................ Zachariah Chandler Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Isaac P. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 Res. Feb. 10, 1879.
Christiancy.
[[Page 620]]
46th............................ Zachariah Chandler Feb. 19, 1879 Do. Died Nov. 1, 1879.
Do............................ Henry P. Baldwin.. Nov. 17, 1879 Jan. 18, 1881 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 19, 1881 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... Omar D. Conger.... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-55th....................... Francis B. Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1899 Died Apr. 30, 1894.
Stockbridge.
53d............................. John Patton, Jr... May 5, 1894 Jan. 14, 1895 By gov., to fill vac.
53d-61st........................ Julius C. Burrows. Jan. 23, 1895 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ Charles E. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
Townsend.
68th-70th....................... Woodbridge N. Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 Died Mar. 23, 1928.
Ferris.
70th............................ Arthur H. Mar. 31, 1928 Nov. 5, 1928 By gov., to fill vac.
Vandenberg.
70th-82d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1928 Jan. 2, 1953 Died Apr. 18, 1951.
82d............................. Blair Moody....... Apr. 23, 1951 Nov. 4, 1952 By gov., to fill vac.
82d-85th........................ Charles E. Potter. Nov. 5, 1952 Jan. 2, 1959 (\1\)
86th-94th....................... Phillip A. Hart... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 Died Dec. 26, 1976.
94th-103d....................... Donald W. Riegle, Dec. 30, 1976 Jan. 2, 1995 (\2\)
Jr..
104th-106th..................... Spencer Abraham... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-118th..................... Debbie Stabenow... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24th-26th....................... John Norvell...... Jan. 26, 1837 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... William Woodbridge Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-32d........................ Alpheus Felch..... Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ Charles E. Stuart. Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... Kinsley S. Bingham Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 Died Oct. 5, 1861.
37th-41st....................... Jacob M. Howard... Jan. 4, 1862 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-47th........................ Thomas W. Ferry... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-50th....................... Thomas W. Palmer.. Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1889 ......................
51st-59th....................... James McMillan.... Mar. 4, 1889 Mar. 3, 1907 Died Aug. 10, 1902.
57th............................ Russell A. Alger.. Sept. 27, 1902 Jan. 19, 1903 By gov., to fill vac.
57th-59th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 20, 1903 Mar. 3, 1907 Died Jan. 24, 1907.
59th-65th....................... William Alden Feb. 6, 1907 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
Smith.
66th-68th....................... Truman H. Newberry Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 Res. Nov. 18, 1922.
67th-68th....................... James Couzens..... Nov. 29, 1922 Nov. 3, 1924 By gov., to fill vac.
68th-74th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 4, 1924 Jan. 2, 1937 Died Oct. 22, 1936.
74th-77th....................... Prentiss M. Brown. Nov. 19, 1936 Jan. 2, 1943 (\3\)
78th-83d........................ Homer Ferguson.... Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
84th-89th....................... Patrick V. Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1967 Died Apr. 30, 1966.
McNamara.
89th............................ Robert P. Griffin. May 11, 1966 Jan. 2, 1967 By gov., to fill vac.
89th-95th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-113th...................... Carl Levin........ Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Gary C. Peters.... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 4, 1952, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1953, and also to full term ending Jan. 2, 1959.
\2\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\3\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1937; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1937.
See footnotes at end of Minnesota table.
1849 1850
MINNESOTA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th-37th....................... Henry M. Rice..... May 11, 1858 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
38th-43d........................ Alexander Ramsey.. Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-49th....................... Samuel J. R. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
McMillan.
50th-58th....................... Cushman K. Davis.. Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1905 Died Nov. 27, 1900.
56th............................ Charles A. Towne.. Dec. 5, 1900 Jan. 28, 1901 By gov., to fill vac.
56th-64th....................... Moses E. Clapp.... Jan. 28, 1901 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-67th....................... Frank B. Kellogg.. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-79th....................... Henrik Shipstead.. Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-85th....................... Edward J. Thye.... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-91st....................... Eugene J. McCarthy Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92nd-97th....................... Hubert H. Humphrey Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1983 Died Jan. 13, 1978.
95th............................ Muriel Humphrey... Jan. 25, 1978 Nov. 7, 1978 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 621]]
95th-103d....................... David Durenberger. Nov. 8, 1978 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-106th..................... Rod Grams......... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-109th..................... Mark Dayton....... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-118th..................... Amy Klobuchar..... Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th............................ James Shields..... May 11, 1858 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... Morton S. Mar. 4, 1859 Mar 3, 1865 ......................
Wilkinson.
39th-41st....................... Daniel S. Norton.. Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 Died July 13, 1870.
41st............................ William Windom.... July 15, 1870 Jan. 22, 1871 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Ozora P. Stearns.. Jan. 23, 1871 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-47th........................ William Windom.... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1883 Res. Mar. 7, 1881.
47th............................ A. J. Edgerton.... Mar. 12, 1881 Nov. 14, 1881 By gov. to fill vac.
Do............................ William Windom.... Nov. 15, 1881 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-50th....................... Dwight M. Sabin... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1889 ......................
51st-53d........................ William D. Mar. 4, 1889 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
Washburn.
54th-68th....................... Knute Nelson...... Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1925 Died Apr. 28, 1923.
68th............................ Magnus Johnson.... July 16, 1923 Do. ......................
69th-74th....................... Thomas D. Schall.. Mar. 4, 1925 Jan. 2, 1937 Died Dec. 22, 1935.
74th............................ Elmer A. Benson... Dec. 27, 1935 Nov. 3, 1936 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Guy V. Howard..... Nov. 4, 1936 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-77th....................... Ernest Lundeen.... Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Aug. 31, 1940.
76th-77th....................... Joseph H. Ball.... Oct. 14, 1940 Nov. 17, 1942 By gov., to fill vac.
77th............................ Arthur E. Nelson.. Nov. 18, 1942 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-80th....................... Joseph H. Ball.... Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-89th....................... Hubert H. Humphrey Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 (\1\)
88th-89th....................... Walter F. Mondale. Dec. 30, 1964 Jan. 2, 1967 By gov., to fill vac.
90th-95th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1979 (\2\)
95th-97th....................... Wendell R. Dec. 30, 1976 Jan. 2, 1979 (\3\)
Anderson.
96th-101st...................... Rudolph E. Dec. 30, 1978 Jan. 2, 1991 (\4\)
Boschwitz.
102d-107th...................... Paul D. Wellstone. Jan. 3, 1991 Jan. 2, 2003 Died Oct. 25, 2002.
107th........................... Dean Barkley...... Nov. 4, 2002 Jan. 2, 2003 By gov., to fill vac.
108th-110th..................... Norm Coleman...... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2009
110th-116th..................... Al Franken........ July 7, 2009 Jan. 2, 2021 (\5\)
115th........................... Tina Smith........ Jan. 3, 2018 Nov. 6, 2018 By gov.,to fill vac.
115th-116th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 2018 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Dec. 29, 1964, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 45th term on Nov. 3,
1964.
\2\Resigned Dec. 30, 1976, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 48th term on Nov. 2,
1976.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979. Resigned Dec. 29, 1978.
\4\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor on Dec. 30, 1978, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979.
\5\The contested election case between Al Franken and Norm Coleman was resolved by the Minnesota Supreme Court
on June 30, 2009. Franken was sworn into office on July 7, 2009. Vacancy from Jan. 3 until July 6. Resigned
Jan. 2, 2018.
See footnotes at end of Mississippi table.
1851 1852
MISSISSIPPI
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-16th....................... Walter Leake...... Dec. 10, 1817 Mar. 3, 1821 Res. May 15, 1820.
16th............................ David Holmes...... Aug. 30, 1820 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
17th-19th....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1827 Res. Sept. 25, 1825.
19th............................ Powhatan Ellis.... Sept. 28, 1825 Jan. 28, 1826 By gov., to fill vac.
19th............................ Thomas B. Reed.... Jan. 28, 1826 Mar. 3, 1827 ......................
20th-22d........................ Powhatan Ellis.... Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. July 16, 1832.
22d............................. John Black........ Nov. 12, 1832 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
23d-25th........................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 Res. Jan. 22, 1838.
25th............................ James F. Trotter.. Jan. 22, 1838 Do. Res. July 10, 1838.
Do............................ Thomas Hickman Nov. 12, 1838 Jan. 29, 1839 By gov., to fill vac.
Williams.
Do............................ ......do.......... Jan. 30, 1839 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... John Henderson.... Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 ......................
[[Page 622]]
MISSISSIPPI--Continuted
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-31st....................... Jesse Speight..... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851. Died May 1, 1847.
30th............................ Jefferson Davis... Aug. 10, 1847 Jan. 10, 1848 By gov., to fill vac.
30th-34th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 11, 1848 Mar. 3, 1857 Res. Sept. 23, 1851.
32d............................. John J. McRae..... Dec. 1, 1851 Mar. 17, 1852 By gov., to fill vac.
32d-34th........................ Stephen Adams..... Mar. 17, 1852 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Jefferson Davis... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 (\1\)
41st-43d........................ Adelbert Ames..... Feb. 23, 1870 Mar. 3, 1875 (\2\)
43d............................. Henry R. Pease.... Feb. 3, 1874 Do. ......................
44th-46th....................... Blanche K. Bruce.. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-55th....................... James Z. George... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1899 Died Aug. 14, 1897.
55th............................ Hernando D. Money. Oct. 8, 1897 Jan. 18, 1898 By gov., to fill vac.
55th-61st....................... ......do.......... Jan. 19, 1898 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ John Sharp Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
Williams.
68th-73d........................ Hubert D. Stephens Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-82d........................ Theodore G. Bilbo. Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1953 (\3\)
80th-100th...................... John C. Stennis... Nov. 5, 1947 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-112th..................... Trent Lott........ Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2013 Res. Dec. 18, 2007
110th........................... Roger F. Wicker... Dec. 31, 2007 Nov. 4, 2008 By gov., to fill vac.
110th-118th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 5, 2008 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15th-20th....................... Thomas Hill Dec. 10, 1817 Mar. 3, 1829 ......................
Williams.
21st-23d........................ Thomas B. Reed.... Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 Died Nov. 26, 1829.
Do............................ Robert H. Adams... Jan. 6, 1830 Do. Died July 2, 1830.
21st............................ George Poindexter. Oct. 15, 1830 Nov. 17, 1830 By gov., to fill vac.
21st-23d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 18, 1830 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
24th-29th....................... Robert J. Walker.. Mar. 4, 1835 Mar. 3, 1847 Res. Mar. 5, 1845.
29th............................ Joseph W. Chalmers Nov. 3, 1845 Jan. 9, 1846 By gov., to fill vac.
Do.......................... ......do.......... Jan. 10, 1846 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-32d........................ Henry Stuart Foote Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 Res. Jan. 8, 1852.
32d............................. Walker Brooke..... Feb. 18, 1852 Do. ......................
33d-38th........................ Albert G. Brown... Jan. 7, 1854 Mar. 3, 1865 (\4\)
41st............................ Hiram R. Revels... Feb. 23, 1870 Mar. 3, 1871 (\5\)
42d-44th........................ James L. Alcorn... Dec. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 (\6\)
45th-50th....................... Lucius Q. C. Lamar Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1889 Res. Mar. 6, 1885.
49th............................ Edward C. Walthall Mar. 9, 1885 Jan. 20, 1886 By gov., to fill vac.
49th-53d........................ ......do.......... Jan. 20, 1886 Mar. 3, 1895 Res. Jan. 24, 1894.
53d............................. Anselm J. McLaurin Feb. 7, 1894 Do. ......................
54th-56th....................... Edward C. Walthall Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 Died Apr. 21, 1898.
55th-56th....................... William V. May 31, 1898 Jan. 15, 1900 By gov., to fill vac.
Sullivan.
56th............................ ......do.......... Jan. 16, 1900 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-62d........................ Anselm J. McLaurin Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1913 Died Dec. 22, 1909.
61st............................ James Gordon...... Dec. 27, 1909 Feb. 22, 1910 By gov., to fill vac.
61st-62d........................ Le Roy Percy...... Feb. 23, 1910 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ James K. Vardaman. Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
66th-77th....................... Pat Harrison...... Mar. 4, 1919 Jan. 2, 1943 Died June 22, 1941.
77th............................ James O. Eastland. June 30, 1941 Sept. 28, 1941 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Wall Doxey........ Sept. 29, 1941 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-95th....................... James O. Eastland. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1979 Res. Dec. 27, 1978.
95th-116th...................... Thad Cochran...... Dec. 27, 1978 Jan. 2, 2021 (\7\)
115th........................... Cindy Hyde-Smith.. Apr. 9, 2018 Nov. 27, 2018 By gov., to fill vac.
115th-116th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 28, 2018 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 21, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy
from Jan. 21, 1861, to Feb. 23, 1870, when Mississippi was readmitted to representation.
\2\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869. Credentials challenged; seated Apr. 1, 1870.
Resigned Jan. 10, 1874.
\3\Oath not administered for term beginning Jan. 3, 1947. Died Aug. 21, 1947. Vacancy from Aug. 21 to Nov. 4,
1947.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1853, to Jan. 6, 1854, because of legislature's failure to elect. Brown was elected on
Jan. 7 and took his seat Jan. 26. Withdrew from the Senate Jan. 12, 1861. Seat declared vacant Mar. 14, 1861.
Because of Civil War, vacancy from Jan. 13, 1861, to Feb. 23, 1870, when Mississippi was readmitted to
representation.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Credentials challenged; seated Feb. 25, 1870.
\6\Elected Jan. 18, 1870, for term beginning Mar. 4, 1871. Took oath Dec. 4, 1871. Governor during interim.
\7\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1979. Resigned Apr. 1, 2018
[[Page 623]]
1853 1854
MISSOURI
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17th-31st....................... Thomas H. Benton.. Aug. 10, 1821 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ Henry S. Geyer.... Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Trusten Polk...... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 Exp. Jan. 10, 1862.
37th............................ John B. Henderson. Jan. 17, 1862 Jan. 5, 1863 By gov., to fill vac.
37th-40th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 6, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ Carl Schurz....... Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-58th....................... Francis M. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
Cockrell.
59th-61st....................... William Warner.... Mar. 18, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 (\1\)
62d-70th........................ James A. Reed..... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-73d........................ Roscoe C. Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
Patterson.
74th-79th....................... Harry S. Truman... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1947 (\2\)
79th............................ Frank P. Briggs... Jan. 18, 1945 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
80th-82d........................ James P. Kem...... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-94th........................ Stuart Symington.. Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1977 Res. Dec. 27, 1976.
94th-103d....................... John C. Danforth.. Dec. 27, 1976 Jan. 2, 1995 (\3\)
104th-106th..................... John Ashcroft..... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th........................... Jean Carnahan..... Jan. 3, 2001 Nov. 23, 2002 (\4\)
107th-109th..................... Jim Talent........ Nov. 23, 2002 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-115th..................... Claire McCaskill.. Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Joshua D. Hawley.. Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17th-21st....................... David Barton...... Aug. 10, 1821 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-24th........................ Alexander Buckner. Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Died June 6, 1833.
23d............................. Lewis F. Linn..... Oct. 25, 1833 Nov. 19, 1834 By gov., to fill vac.
23d-30th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 20, 1834 Mar. 3, 1849 Died Oct. 3, 1843.
28th............................ David R. Atchison. Oct. 14, 1843 Nov. 19, 1844 By gov., to fill vac.
28th-33d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 20, 1844 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... James S. Green.... Jan. 12, 1857 Mar. 3, 1861 (\5\)
37th-39th....................... Waldo P. Johnson.. Mar. 17, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 Exp. Jan. 10, 1862.
37th-38th....................... Robert Wilson..... Jan. 17, 1862 Nov. 13, 1863 By gov., to fill vac.
38th-39th....................... B. Gratz Brown.... Nov. 13, 1863 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-42d........................ Charles D. Drake.. Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1873 Res. Dec. 19, 1870.
41st............................ Daniel T. Jewett.. Dec. 19, 1870 Jan. 20, 1871 By gov., to fill vac.
41st-42d........................ Francis P. Blair.. Jan. 20, 1871 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ Lewis V. Bogy..... Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 4, 1879 Died Sept. 20, 1877.
45th............................ David H. Armstrong Sept. 29, 1877 Jan. 26, 1879 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ James Shields..... Jan. 27, 1879 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-57th....................... George G. Vest.... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-66th....................... William J. Stone.. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Apr. 14, 1918.
65th............................ Xenophon P. Apr. 30, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
Wilfley.
65th-69th....................... Selden P. Spencer. Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1927 Died May 16, 1925.
69th............................ George H. Williams May 25, 1925 Dec. 5, 1926 By gov., to fill vac.
69th-72d........................ Harry B. Hawes.... Dec. 6, 1926 Mar. 3, 1933 Res. Feb. 3, 1933.
72d-78th........................ Joel Bennett Clark Feb. 3, 1933 Jan. 2, 1945 (\6\)
79th-81st....................... Forrest C. Donnell Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-87th........................ Thomas C. Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1963 Died Sept. 13, 1960.
Hennings, Jr..
86th............................ Edward V. Long.... Sept. 23, 1960 Nov. 8, 1960 By gov., to fill vac.
86th-90th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 9, 1960 Jan. 2, 1969 Res. Dec. 27, 1968.
90th-99th....................... Thomas F. Eagleton Dec. 28, 1968 Jan. 2, 1987 (\7\)
100th-111th..................... Christopher S. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
Bond.
112th-117th..................... Roy Blunt......... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 17, 1905, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Resigned Jan. 17, 1945, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 40th term on Nov. 7,
1944.
\3\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1977.
\4\ By governor, to fill vacancy caused by death of husband Mel, who was posthumously elected to term ending
Jan. 2, 2007. Defeated in special election.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 12, 1857, and from Mar. 3 to Mar. 17, 1861.
\6\Elected to full term commencing Mar. 4, 1933; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Mar. 3, 1933.
\7\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1969; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1969.
[[Page 624]]
See footnotes at end of Montana table.
1855 1856
MONTANA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................ Wilbur F. Sanders. Jan. 1, 1890 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ Lee Mantle........ Jan. 16, 1895 Mar. 3, 1899 (\1\)
56th-58th....................... William A. Clark.. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905 (\2\)
57th-58th....................... Paris Gibson...... Mar. 7, 1901 Do. ......................
59th-61st....................... Thomas H. Carter.. Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ Henry L. Myers.... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-79th....................... Burton K. Wheeler. Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-82d........................ Zales N. Ecton.... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-94th........................ Mike Mansfield.... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-100th...................... John Melcher...... Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-109th..................... Conrad Burns...... Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-118th..................... Jon Tester........ Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-53d........................ Thomas C. Power... Jan. 2, 1890 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-56th....................... Thomas H. Carter.. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... William A. Clark.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
60th-62d........................ Joseph M. Dixon... Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-74th........................ Thomas J. Walsh... Mar. 4, 1913 Jan. 2, 1937 Died Mar. 2, 1933.
73d............................. John E. Erickson.. Mar. 13, 1933 Nov. 6, 1934 By gov., to fill vac.
73d-86th........................ James E. Murray... Nov. 7, 1934 Jan. 2, 1961 ......................
87th-95th....................... Lee Metcalf....... Jan. 3, 1961 Jan. 2, 1979 Died Jan. 12, 1978.
95th............................ Paul G. Hatfield.. Jan. 22, 1978 Do. (\3\)
95th-113th...................... Max Baucus........ Dec. 15, 1978 Jan. 2, 2015 Res. Feb. 6, 2014.\4\
113th........................... John E. Walsh..... Feb. 9, 2014 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
114th-116th..................... Steve Daines...... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893, to Jan. 16, 1895, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Resigned, to take effect May 15, 1900. Vacancy from May 15, 1900, to Mar. 7, 1901.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1979. Resigned Dec. 14, 1978.
\4\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1979.
See footnotes at end of Nebraska table.
1857 1858
NEBRASKA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40th-43d........................ Thomas W. Tipton.. Mar. 1, 1867 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Algernon S. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
Paddock.
47th-49th....................... Charles H. Van Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
Wyck.
50th-52d........................ Algernon S. Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
Paddock.
53d-55th........................ William V. Allen.. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-58th....................... Monroe L. Hayward. Mar. 8, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905 (\1\)
56th-57th....................... William V. Allen.. Dec. 13, 1899 Mar. 28, 1901 By gov., to fill vac.
57th-58th....................... Charles H. May 1, 1901 Mar. 3, 1905 (\2\)
Dietrich.
59th-61st....................... Elmer J. Burkett.. Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ Gilbert M. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923
Hitchcock.
68th-73d........................ Robert B. Howell.. Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1935 (\3\)
73d............................. William H. May 24, 1933 Nov. 6, 1934 By gov., to fill vac.
Thompson.
Do............................ Richard C. Hunter. Nov. 7, 1934 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... Edward R. Burke... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
77th-85th....................... Hugh Butler....... Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1959 Died July 1, 1954.
83d............................. Sam W. Reynolds... July 3, 1954 Nov. 7, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-94th........................ Roman L. Hruska... Nov. 8, 1954 Jan. 2, 1977 Res. Dec. 27, 1976.
94th-100th...................... Edward Zorinsky... Dec. 28, 1976 Jan. 2, 1989 (\4\)
100th........................... David K. Karnes... Mar. 11, 1987 Jan. 2, 1989 By gov., to fill vac.
101st-106th..................... J. Robert Kerrey.. Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-112th..................... Ben Nelson........ Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Debra Fischer..... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
40th-41st....................... John M. Thayer.... Mar. 1, 1867 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-44th........................ Phineas W. Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
Hitchcock.
[[Page 625]]
NEBRASKA--Continued
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45th-47th....................... Alvin Saunders.... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-53d........................ Charles F. Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
Manderson.
54th-56th....................... John M. Thurston.. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Joseph H. Millard. Mar. 28, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 (\5\)
60th-62d........................ Norris Brown...... Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-77th........................ George W. Norris.. Mar. 4, 1913 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-83d........................ Kenneth S. Wherry. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1955 Died Nov. 29, 1951.
82d............................. Fred A. Seaton.... Dec. 10, 1951 Nov. 4, 1952 By gov., to fill vac.
82d-83d......................... Dwight Griswold... Nov. 5, 1952 Jan. 2, 1955 Died Apr. 12, 1954.
83d............................. Eva Bowring....... Apr. 16, 1954 Nov. 7, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Hazel H. Abel..... Nov. 8, 1954 Jan. 2, 1955 Res. Dec. 31, 1954.
84th-95th....................... Carl T. Curtis.... Jan. 1, 1955 Jan. 2, 1979 (\6\)
96th-104th...................... J.J. Exon......... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-110th..................... Chuck Hagel....... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-113th..................... Mike Johanns...... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2015 ......................
114th-116th..................... Ben Sasse......... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Mar. 8, 1899, to fill vacancy caused by failure of legislature to elect, but died Dec. 5, 1899,
before qualifying.
\2\Elected Mar. 28, 1901. Did not resign as governor until May 1, 1901. Seated Dec. 2, 1901.
\3\Died Mar. 11, 1933. Vacancy from Mar. 12 to May 23, 1933.
\4\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1977. Died Mar. 6, 1987.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 3 to Mar. 28, 1901, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1955; subsequently appointed by governor Jan. 1, 1955, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955.
1859 1860
NEVADA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-43d........................ William M. Stewart Dec. 15, 1864 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... William Sharon.... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... James G. Fair..... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-58th....................... William M. Stewart Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
59th-64th....................... George S. Nixon... Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1917 Died June 5, 1912.
62d............................. William A. Massey. July 1, 1912 Jan. 29, 1913 By gov., to fill vac.
62d-76th........................ Key Pittman....... Jan. 29, 1913 Jan. 2, 1941 Died Nov. 10, 1940.
76th-77th....................... Berkeley L. Bunker Nov. 27, 1940 Dec. 6, 1942 By gov., to fill vac.
77th-79th....................... James G. Scrugham. Dec. 7, 1942 Jan. 2, 1947 Died June 23, 1945.
79th............................ E.P. Carville..... July 25, 1945 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
80th-85th....................... George W. Malone.. Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-97th....................... Howard W. Cannon.. Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1983 ......................
98th-100th...................... Chic Hecht........ Jan. 3, 1983 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-106th..................... Richard H. Bryan.. Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-112th..................... John Ensign....... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2013 Res. May 3, 2011
112th........................... Dean Heller....... May 9, 2011 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
113th-115th..................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Jacky Rosen....... Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-42d........................ James W. Nye...... Dec. 16, 1864 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-57th........................ John P. Jones..... Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-66th....................... Francis G. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Dec. 24, 1917.
Newlands.
65th............................ Charles B. Jan. 12, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
Henderson.
65th-66th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-72d........................ Tasker L. Oddie... Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-84th........................ Patrick A. Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1957 Died Sept. 28, 1954.
McCarran.
83d............................. Ernest S. Brown... Oct. 1, 1954 Dec. 1, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-93d......................... Alan Bible........ Dec. 2, 1954 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 17, 1974.
93d-99th........................ Paul Laxalt....... Dec. 18, 1974 Jan. 2, 1987 (\1\)
100th-114th..................... Harry M. Reid..... Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2017
115th-117th..................... Catherine Cortez Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
Masto.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1975.
See footnotes at end of New Hampshire table.
[[Page 626]]
1861 1862
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... Paine Wingate..... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793 ......................
3d-8th.......................... Samuel Livermore.. Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. June 12, 1801.
7th-8th......................... Simeon Olcott..... June 17, 1801 Do. ......................
9th-14th........................ Nicholas Gilman... Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1817 Died May 2, 1814.
13th-14th....................... Thomas W. Thompson June 24, 1814 Do. ......................
15th-17th....................... David L. Morrill.. Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 ......................
18th-23d........................ Samuel Bell....... Mar. 4, 1823 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
24th-26th....................... Henry Hubbard..... Mar. 4, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... Levi Woodbury..... Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 Res. Nov. 20, 1845.
29th............................ Benning W. Jenness Dec. 1, 1845 June 13, 1846 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Joseph Cilley..... June 13, 1846 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-32d........................ John P. Hale...... Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ Charles G. Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 Died Nov. 15, 1853.
Atherton.
33d............................. Jared W. Williams. Nov. 29, 1853 Aug. 4, 1854 (\1\)
34th-38th....................... John P. Hale...... July 30, 1855 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
39th-44th....................... Aaron H. Cragin... Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-47th....................... Edward H. Rollins. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-50th....................... Austin F. Pike.... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1889 Died Oct. 8, 1886.
49th-50th....................... Person C. Cheney.. Nov. 24, 1886 June 14, 1887 By gov., to fill vac.
50th............................ William E. June 14, 1887 Mar. 3, 1889 ......................
Chandler.
51st............................ Gilman Marston.... Mar. 4, 1889 June18,1889 By gov., to fill vac.
51st-56th....................... William E. June 18, 1889 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
Chandler.
57th-62d........................ Henry E. Burnham.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ Henry F. Hollis... Mar. 13, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 (\2\)
66th-74th....................... Henry W. Keyes.... Mar. 4, 1919 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-89th....................... Styles Bridges.... Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1967 Died Nov. 26, 1961.
87th............................ Maurice J. Murphy, Dec. 7, 1961 Nov. 6, 1962 By gov., to fill vac.
Jr..
87th-95th....................... Thomas J. McIntyre Nov. 7, 1962 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-101st...................... Gordon J. Humphrey Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1991 Res. Dec. 4, 1990.
101st-107th..................... Robert C. Smith... Dec. 7, 1990 Jan. 2, 2003 (\3\)
108th-110th..................... John E. Sununu.... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-116th..................... Jeanne Shaheen.... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th......................... John Langdon...... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... James Sheafe...... Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. June 14, 1802.
Do.......................... William Plumer.... June 17, 1802 Do. ......................
10th-12th....................... Nahum Parker...... Mar. 4, 1807 Mar. 3, 1813 Res. June 1, 1810.
11th-12th....................... Charles Cutts..... June 21, 1810 Do. ......................
13th............................ ......do.......... Apr. 2, 1813 June10,1813 By gov., to fill vac.
13th-15th....................... Jeremiah Mason.... June 10, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 Res. June 16, 1817.
15th............................ Clement Storer.... June 27, 1817 Do. ......................
16th-18th....................... John F. Parrott... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-21st....................... Levi Woodbury..... June 16, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-24th........................ Isaac Hill........ Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. May 30, 1836.
24th............................ John Page......... June 8, 1836 Do. ......................
25th-27th....................... Franklin Pierce... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1834 Res. Feb. 28, 1842.
27th............................ Leonard Wilcox.... Mar. 1, 1842 June 8, 1842 By gov., to fill vac.
Do.......................... ......do.......... June 9, 1842 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-30th....................... Charles G. Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
Atherton.
31st-33d........................ Moses Norris, Jr.. Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 Died Jan. 11, 1855.
33d............................. John S. Wells..... Jan. 16, 1855 Do. (\4\)
34th-36th....................... James Bell........ July 30, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 Died May 26, 1857.
35th-39th....................... Daniel Clark...... June 27, 1857 Mar. 3, 1867 Res. July 27, 1866.
39th............................ George G. Fogg.... Aug. 31, 1866 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
40th-42d........................ James W. Patterson Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ Bainbridge Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
Wadleigh.
46th............................ Charles H. Bell... Mar. 13, 1879 June16,1879 Do.
46th-48th....................... Henry W. Blair.... June 17, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 5, 1885 June16,1885 Do.
49th-51st....................... ......do.......... June 17, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-66th........................ Jacob H. Gallinger Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Aug. 17, 1918.
65th............................ Irving W. Drew.... Sept. 2, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
65th-72d........................ George H. Moses... Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-75th........................ Fred H. Brown..... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-84th....................... Charles W. Tobey.. Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1957 Died July 24, 1953.
83d............................. Robert W. Upton... Aug. 14, 1953 Nov. 7, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 627]]
NEW HAMPSHIRE--Continuted
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83d-93d......................... Norris Cotton..... Nov. 8, 1954 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 31, 1974.\5\
93d............................. Louis C. Wyman.... Dec. 31, 1974 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
94th............................ Norris Cotton..... Aug. 8, 1975 Sept. 17, 1975 (\6\)
94th-96th....................... John A. Durkin.... Sept. 18, 1975 Jan. 2, 1981 (\7\)
96th-102d....................... Warren Rudman..... Dec. 29, 1980 Jan. 2, 1993 (\8\)
103d-111th...................... Judd Gregg........ Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
112th-114th... Kelly Ayotte...... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2017 ......................
115th-117th..................... Margaret W. Hassan Jan. 3, 2017 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy. Senate resolution of Aug. 4, 1854, declared that representation under the
appointment had expired. Vacancy from Aug. 5, 1854, to July 29, 1855.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 3 to Mar. 13, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1991; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1991.
\4\By governor to fill vacancy. Vacancy from Mar. 4 to July 29, 1855.
\5\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957. Seated Nov. 8, 1954. Served in House
during interim.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy until new senatorial election. Vacancy Jan. 3, 1975, to Aug. 8, 1975, due to
contested election. On July 30, 1975, the Senate voted to declare the seat vacant as of Aug. 8, 1975; New
Hampshire called a special election to fill the seat on September 16, 1975.
\7\Elected Sept. 16, 1975, to fill vacancy in unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1981. Resigned Dec. 29, 1980.
\8\Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 1981; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term ending
Jan. 2, 1981.
See footnotes at end of New Jersey table.
1863 1864
NEW JERSEY
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st............................. Jonathan Elmer.... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1791 ......................
2d-7th.......................... John Rutherfurd... Mar. 4, 1791 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Nov. 26, 1798.
5th............................. Franklin Davenport Dec. 5, 1798 Mar. 3, 1799 By gov., to fill vac.
5th-7th......................... James Schureman... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1803 (\1\)
6th-7th......................... Aaron Ogden....... Feb. 28, 1801 Do. ......................
8th............................. John Condit....... Sept. 1, 1803 Nov. 2, 1803 (\2\)
8th-10th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 ......................
11th-13th....................... John Lambert...... Mar. 4, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 ......................
14th-16th....................... James J. Wilson... Mar. 4, 1815 Mar. 3, 1821 Res. Jan. 8, 1821.
16th............................ Samuel L. Southard Jan. 26, 1821 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
17th-19th....................... ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1827 Res. Mar. 3, 1823.
18th-19th....................... Joseph McIlvaine.. Nov. 12, 1823 Do. Died Aug. 19, 1826.
19th-22d........................ Ephraim Bateman... Nov. 9, 1826 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Jan. 12, 1829.
20th-22d........................ Mahlon Dickerson.. Jan. 30, 1829 Do. ......................
23d-28th........................ Samuel L. Southard Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1845 Died June 26, 1842.
27th............................ William L. Dayton. July 2, 1842 Oct. 27, 1842 By gov., to fill vac.
27th-31st....................... ......do.......... Oct. 28, 1842 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ Robert F. Stockton Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 Res. Jan. 10, 1853.
33d-37th........................ John R. Thomson... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1863 Died Sept. 12, 1862.
37th............................ Richard S. Field.. Nov. 21, 1862 Jan. 14, 1863 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ James W. Wall..... Jan. 14, 1863 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
38th-40th....................... William Wright.... Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 Died Nov. 1, 1866.
39th............................ Frederick T. Nov. 12, 1866 Jan. 22, 1867 By gov., to fill vac.
Frelinghuysen.
39th-40th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 23, 1867 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ John P. Stockton.. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Theodore F. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
Randolph.
47th-49th....................... William J. Sewell. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-52d........................ Rufus Blodgett.... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ James Smith, Jr... Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-61st....................... John Kean......... Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ James E. Martine.. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-67th....................... Joseph S. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
Frelinghuysen.
68th-70th....................... Edward I. Edwards. Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-73d........................ Hamilton F. Kean.. Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... A. Harry Moore.... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 Res. Jan. 18, 1938.
75th............................ John Milton....... Jan. 18, 1938 Nov. 8, 1938 By gov., to fill vac.
75th-79th....................... W. Warren Barbour. Nov. 9, 1938 Jan. 2, 1947 Died Nov. 22, 1943.
78th............................ Arthur Walsh...... Nov. 26, 1943 Dec. 6, 1944 By gov., to fill vac.
78th-85th....................... H. Alexander Smith Dec. 7, 1944 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
[[Page 628]]
86th-97th....................... Harrison A. Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1983 Res. Mar. 11, 1982
Williams, Jr..
97th............................ Nicholas F. Brady. Apr. 12, 1982 Do. By gov., to fill
vac.\3\
97th-106th...................... Frank R. Dec. 27, 1982 Jan. 2, 2001 (\4\)
Lautenberg.
107th-109th..................... John Corzine...... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2007 Res. Jan. 17, 2006
109th........................... Robert Menendez... Jan. 17, 2006 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
110th-118th..................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... William Paterson.. Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793 Res. Nov. 13, 1790.
Do............................ Philemon Dickinson Nov. 23, 1790 Do. ......................
3d-5th.......................... Frederick Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. Nov. 12, 1796.
Frelinghuysen.
4th-5th......................... Richard Stockton.. Nov. 12, 1796 Do. ......................
6th-8th......................... Jonathan Dayton... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 ......................
9th-11th........................ Aaron Kitchell.... Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1811 Res. Mar. 12, 1809.
11th............................ John Condit....... Mar. 21, 1809 Nov. 1, 1809 By gov., to fill vac.
11th-14th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 2, 1809 Mar. 3, 1817 ......................
15th-20th....................... Mahlon Dickerson.. Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1829 Res. Jan. 30, 1829.
21st-23d........................ Theodore Mar. 4, 1829 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
Frelinghuysen.
24th-26th....................... Garret D. Wall.... Mar. 4, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-32d........................ Jacob W. Miller... Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ William Wright.... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... John C. Ten Eyck.. Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
39th-41st....................... John P. Stockton.. Mar. 15, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 (\5\)
Do............................ Alexander G. Sept. 19, 1866 Do. (\6\)
Cattell.
42d-44th........................ Frederick T. Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
Frelinghuysen.
45th-53d........................ John R. McPherson. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-59th....................... William J. Sewell. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1907 Died Dec. 27, 1901.
57th-59th....................... John F. Dryden.... Jan. 29, 1902 Do. ......................
60th-62d........................ Frank O. Briggs... Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ William Hughes.... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 Died Jan. 30, 1918.
65th............................ David Baird....... Feb. 23, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
66th-71st....................... Walter E. Edge.... Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1931 Res. Nov. 21, 1929.
71st............................ David Baird, Jr... Nov. 30, 1929 Dec. 2, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
71st-74th....................... Dwight W. Morrow.. Dec. 3, 1930 Jan. 2, 1937 Died Oct. 5, 1931.
72d............................. W. Warren Barbour. Dec. 1, 1931 Nov. 8, 1932 By gov., to fill vac.
72d-74th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 9, 1932 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-77th....................... William H. Apr. 15, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943 (\7\)
Smathers.
78th-80th....................... Albert W. Hawkes.. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-83d........................ Robert C. Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
Hendrickson.
84th-95th....................... Clifford P. Case.. Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-104th...................... Bill Bradley...... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-107th..................... Robert G. Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2003
Torricelli.
108th-113th..................... Frank Lautenberg.. Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2015 Died June 3, 2013.
113th........................... Jeffrey Chiesa.... June 6, 2013 Oct. 30, 2013 By gov., to fill vac.
113th-116th..................... Cory A. Booker.... Oct. 31, 2013 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Feb. 14, 1799. Served in the House during interim. Resigned Feb. 16, 1801.
\2\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Vacancy from Mar. 3, to Sept. 1, 1803, because of failure of legislature to
elect.
\3\ Resigned Dec. 27, 1982.
\4\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1983; subsequently appointed by governor, Dec. 27, 1982, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1983.
\5\ Seat declared vacant Mar. 27, 1866.
\6\ Elected to fill unexpired term of John P. Stockton, unseated. Vacancy from Mar. 28 to Sept. 18, 1866.
\7\ Elected Nov. 3, 1936. Took oath Apr. 15, 1937. Served as a state senator during interim.
See footnotes at end of New Mexico table.
1865 1866
NEW MEXICO
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-64th........................ Thomas B. Catron.. Mar. 27, 1912 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-70th....................... Andrieus A. Jones. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1929 Died Dec. 20, 1927.
70th............................ Bronson Cutting... Dec. 29, 1927 Dec. 6, 1928 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 629]]
Do............................ Octaviano A. Dec. 7, 1928 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
Larrazolo.
71st-76th....................... Bronson Cutting... Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1941 Died May 6, 1935.
74th............................ Dennis Chavez..... May 11, 1935 Nov. 3, 1936 By gov., to fill vac.
74th-88th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 4, 1936 Jan. 2, 1965 Died Nov. 18, 1962
87th-88th....................... E. L. Mechem...... Nov. 30, 1962 Nov. 3, 1964 By gov., to fill vac.
88th-94th....................... Joseph M. Montoya. Nov. 4, 1964 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-97th....................... Harrison H. Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1983 ......................
Schmitt.
98th-112th...................... Jeff Bingaman..... Jan. 3, 1983 Jan. 2, 2013
113th-118th..................... Martin Heinrich... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
62d-68th........................ Albert B. Fall.... Mar. 27, 1912 Mar. 3, 1925 Res. Mar. 4, 1921.
67th............................ Holm O. Bursum.... Mar. 11, 1921 Sept.19,1921 By gov., to fill vac.
67th-68th....................... ......do.......... Sept. 20, 1921 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-74th....................... Sam G. Bratton.... Mar. 4, 1925 Jan. 2, 1937 Res. June 24, 1933.
73d............................. Carl A. Hatch..... Oct. 10, 1933 Nov. 6, 1934 By gov., to fill
vac.\1\
73d-80th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1934 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-92d........................ Clinton P. Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
Anderson.
93d-110th....................... Pete V. Domenici.. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-116th..................... Tom Udall......... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from June 25 to Oct. 9, 1933.
See footnotes at end of New York table.
1867 1868
NEW YORK
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st............................. Philip Schuyler... July 15, 1789 Mar. 3, 1791 ......................
2d-4th.......................... Aaron Burr........ Mar. 4, 1791 Mar. 3, 1797 ......................
5th-7th......................... Philip Schuyler... Mar. 4, 1797 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Jan. 3, 1798.
Do............................ John S. Hobart.... Jan. 11, 1798 Do. Res. Apr. 16, 1798.
5th............................. William North..... May 5, 1798 Aug. 17, 1798 By gov., to fill vac.
5th-7th......................... James Watson...... Aug. 17, 1798 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Mar. 19, 1800.
6th-7th......................... Gouverneur Morris. Apr. 3, 1800 Do. ......................
8th-10th........................ Theodorus Bailey.. Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. Jan. 16, 1804.
Do............................ John Armstrong.... Feb. 4, 1804 Do. Res. June 30, 1804.
Do............................ Samuel L. Mitchill Nov. 9, 1804 Do. ......................
11th-13th....................... Obadiah German.... Mar. 4, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 ......................
14th-16th....................... Nathan Sanford.... Mar. 4, 1815 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-22d........................ Martin Van Buren.. Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Dec. 20, 1828.
20th-22d........................ Charles E. Dudley. Jan. 15, 1829 Mar. 3, 1833 ......................
23d-28th........................ Nathaniel P. Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1845 Res. June 17, 1844.
Tallmadge.
28th............................ Daniel S. Nov. 30, 1844 Jan. 17, 1845 By gov., to fill vac.
Dickinson.
28th-31st....................... ......do.......... Jan. 18, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ Hamilton Fish..... Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Preston King...... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 ......................
38th-40th....................... Edwin D. Morgan... Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ Reuben E. Fenton.. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Francis Kernan.... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... Thomas C. Platt... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 Res. May 16, 1881.
Do............................ Warner Miller..... July 16, 1881 Do. ......................
50th-52d........................ Frank Hiscock..... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ Edward Murphy, Jr. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1890 ......................
56th-61st....................... Chauncey M. Depew. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ James A. O'Gorman. Mar. 31, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 (\1\)
65th-67th....................... William M. Calder. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-76th....................... Royal S. Copeland. Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1941 Died June 17, 1938.
75th-79th....................... James M. Mead..... Dec. 3, 1938 Jan. 2, 1947 (\2\)
80th-85th....................... Irving M. Ives.... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-88th....................... Kenneth B. Keating Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1965 ......................
89th-91st....................... Robert F. Kennedy. Jan. 3, 1965 Jan. 2, 1971 Died June 6, 1968.
90th-91st....................... Charles E. Goodell Sept. 10, 1968 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
92d-94th........................ James L. Buckley.. Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-106th...................... Daniel P. Moynihan Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
[[Page 630]]
107th-112th..................... Hillary Clinton... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2013 Res. Jan. 21, 2009.
111th........................... Kirsten Gillibrand Jan. 27, 2009 Nov. 2, 2010 By gov., to fill vac.
111th-118th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 3, 2010 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-6th......................... Rufus King........ July 16, 1789 Mar. 3, 1801 Res. May 23, 1796.
4th-6th......................... John Laurance..... Nov. 9, 1796 Do. Res. in Aug. 1800.
6th-9th......................... John Armstrong.... Nov. 6, 1800 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. Feb. 5, 1802.
7th-9th......................... De Witt Clinton... Feb. 9, 1802 Do. Res. Nov. 4, 1803.
8th............................. John Armstrong.... Nov. 10, 1803 Feb. 4, 1804 By gov., to fill vac.
8th-12th........................ John Smith........ Feb. 4, 1804 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-18th....................... Rufus King........ Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-21st....................... Nathan Sanford.... Jan. 14, 1826 Mar. 3, 1831 (\3\)
22d-24th........................ William L. Marcy.. Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. Jan. 1, 1833.
22d-30th........................ Silas Wright, Jr.. Jan. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. Nov. 26, 1844.
28th............................ Henry A. Foster... Nov. 30, 1844 Jan. 18, 1845 By gov., to fill vac.
28th-30th....................... John A. Dix....... Jan. 18, 1845 Jan. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-36th....................... William H. Seward. Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... Ira Harris........ Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-48th....................... Roscoe Conkling... Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1885 Res. May 16, 1881.
47th-48th....................... Elbridge G. Lapham July 22, 1881 Do. ......................
49th-51st....................... William M. Evarts. Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ David B. Hill..... Jan. 7, 1892 Mar. 3, 1897 (\4\)
55th-60th....................... Thomas C. Platt... Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ Elihu Root........ Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-69th....................... James W. Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
Wadsworth, Jr..
70th-81st....................... Robert F. Wagner.. Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1951 Res. June 28, 1949.
81st............................ John Foster Dulles July 7, 1949 Nov. 8, 1949 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-84th....................... Herbert H. Lehman. Nov. 9, 1949 Jan. 2, 1957 ......................
85th-96th....................... Jacob K. Javits... Jan. 9, 1957 Jan. 2, 1981 (\5\)
97th-105th...................... Alfonse M. D'Amato Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
106th-117th..................... Charles E. Schumer Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 30, 1911, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\ Elected Nov. 8, 1938. Served in the House during interim. Vacancy from June 18 to Dec. 2, 1938.
\3\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1825, to Jan. 13, 1826.
\4\Elected Jan. 21, 1891, for term commencing Mar. 4, 1891. Took oath Jan. 7, 1892. Governor during interim.
\5\Waived compensation Jan. 3-8, 1957, while serving as attorney general of state.
See footnotes at end of North Carolina table.
1869 1870
NORTH CAROLINA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... Samuel Johnston... Nov. 26, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793 ......................
3d-5th.......................... Alexander Martin.. Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1799 ......................
6th-8th......................... Jesse Franklin.... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 ......................
9th-14th........................ James Turner...... Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Nov. 21, 1816.
14th-17th....................... Montfort Stokes... Dec. 4, 1816 Mar. 3, 1823 ......................
18th-23d........................ John Branch....... Mar. 4, 1823 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
21st-26th....................... Bedford Brown..... Dec. 9, 1829 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. Nov. 11, 1840.
26th-32d........................ Willie P. Mangum.. Nov. 25, 1840 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ David S. Reid..... Dec. 6, 1854 Mar. 3, 1859 (\1\)
36th-38th....................... Thomas Bragg...... Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 (\2\)
40th-41st....................... Joseph C. Abbott.. July 14, 1868 Mar. 3, 1871 (\3\)
42d-53d......................... Matt W. Ransom.... Jan. 30, 1872 Mar. 3, 1895 (\4\)
54th-56th....................... Marion Butler..... Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-71st....................... Furnifold M. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
Simmons.
72d-80th........................ Josiah W. Bailey.. Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1949 Died Dec. 15, 1946.
80th............................ Wm. B. Umstead.... Dec. 18, 1946 Dec. 30, 1948 By gov., to fill vac.
80th-83d........................ J. Melville Dec. 31, 1948 Jan. 2, 1955 (\5\)
Broughton.
81st............................ Frank P. Graham... Mar. 29, 1949 Nov. 26, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-83d........................ Willis Smith...... Nov. 27, 1950 Jan. 2, 1955 Died June 26, 1953.
83d............................. Alton A. Lennon... July 10, 1953 Nov. 28, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 631]]
83d-86th........................ W. Kerr Scott..... Nov. 29, 1954 Jan. 2, 1961 (\6\)
85th............................ B. Everett Jordan. Apr. 19, 1958 Nov. 4, 1958 By gov., to fill vac.
85th-92d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 5, 1958 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
93d-107th....................... Jesse Helms....... Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 2003
108th-110th..................... Elizabeth Dole.... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-113th..................... Kay Hagan......... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2015
114th-116th..................... Thom Tillis....... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d.......................... Benjamin Hawkins.. Dec. 8, 1789 Mar. 3, 1795 ......................
4th-6th......................... Timothy Bloodworth Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... David Stone....... Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. Feb. 17, 1807.
10th-12th....................... Jesse Franklin.... Mar. 4, 1807 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... David Stone....... Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 Res. Dec. 24, 1814.
Do............................ Francis Locke..... ................ Do. (\7\)
14th-21st....................... Nathaniel Macon... Dec. 5, 1815 Mar. 3, 1831 Res. Nov. 14, 1828.
20th-21st....................... James Iredell..... Dec. 15, 1828 Do. ......................
22d-24th........................ Willie P. Mangum.. Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. Nov. 26, 1836.
24th-27th....................... Robert Strange.... Dec. 5, 1836 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Nov. 16, 1840.
26th-27th....................... William A. Graham. Nov. 25, 1840 Do. ......................
28th-30th....................... William H. Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. July 25, 1846.
Haywood, Jr..
29th-33d........................ George E. Badger.. Nov. 25, 1846 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... Asa Biggs......... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 Res. May 5, 1858.
35th............................ Thomas L. Clingman May 6, 1858 Nov. 22, 1858 By gov., to fill vac.
35th-39th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 23, 1858 Mar. 3, 1867 (\8\)
40th-42d........................ John Pool......... July 14, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\9\)
43d-45th........................ Augustus S. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
Merrimon.
46th-54th....................... Zebulon B. Vance.. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1897 Died Apr. 14, 1894.
53d............................. Thomas J. Jarvis.. Apr. 19, 1894 Jan. 23, 1895 By gov., to fill vac.
53d-58th........................ Jeter C. Pritchard Jan. 23, 1895 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-72d........................ Lee S. Overman.... Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1933 Died Dec. 12, 1930.
71st-72d........................ Cameron Morrison.. Dec. 13, 1930 Dec. 4, 1932 By gov., to fill vac.
72d-78th........................ Robert R. Reynolds Dec. 5, 1932 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-84th....................... Clyde R. Hoey..... Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1957 Died May 12, 1954.
83d............................. Sam J. Ervin, Jr.. June 5, 1954 Nov. 2, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-93d......................... ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1954 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 31, 1974
94th-96th....................... Robert Morgan..... Jan. 3, 1975 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-99th....................... John P. East...... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 Died June 29, 1986.
99th............................ James T. Broyhill. July 14, 1986 Nov. 4, 1986 By gov., to fill vac.
99th-102d....................... Terry Sanford..... Nov. 5, 1986 Jan. 2, 1993 (\10\)
103d-105th...................... Lauch Faircloth... Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 1999 ......................
106th-108th..................... John Edwards...... Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
109th-117th..................... Richard Burr...... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1853, to Dec. 6, 1854.
\2\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to July 13, 1868.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated July 17, 1868.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1871, to Jan. 29, 1872. Zebulon B. Vance was elected but not admitted.
\5\Elected Nov. 2, 1948, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1949, and at the same time to full term
commencing Jan. 3, 1949. Died Mar. 6, 1949.
\6\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955, and at the same time to full term ending
Jan. 2, 1961. Died Apr. 16, 1958.
\7\Did not qualify. Resigned Dec. 5, 1815.
\8\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to July 13, 1868.
\9\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867. Seated July 17, 1868.
\10\ Elected Nov. 5, 1986, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 3, 1987, and at the same time to full term ending
Jan. 3, 1993.
See footnotes at end of North Dakota table.
1871 1872
NORTH DAKOTA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................ Lyman R. Casey.... Nov. 25, 1889 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ William N. Roach.. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-67th....................... Porter J. McCumber Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-76th....................... Lynn J. Frazier... Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
[[Page 632]]
77th-86th....................... William Langer.... Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1965 Died Nov. 8, 1959.
86th............................ C. Norman Nov. 19, 1959 Aug. 7, 1960 By gov., to fill vac.
Brunsdale.
86th-103d....................... Quentin N. Burdick Aug. 8, 1960 Jan. 2, 1995 Died Sept. 8, 1992.
102d............................ Jocelyn Birch Sept. 12, 1992 Dec. 14, 1992 By gov., to fill vac.
Burdick.
102d-112th...................... Kent Conrad....... Dec. 14, 1992 Jan. 2, 2013 (\1\)
113th-115th..................... Heidi Heitkamp.... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Kevin Cramer...... Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................ Gilbert A. Pierce. Nov. 21, 1889 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-60th........................ Henry C. Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
Hansbrough.
61st-63d........................ Martin N. Johnson. Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 Died Oct. 21, 1909.
61st............................ Fountain L. Nov. 10, 1909 Do. By gov., to fill
Thompson. vac.\2\
Do............................ William E. Purcell Feb. 1, 1910 Feb. 1, 1911 Do.
61st-66th....................... Asle J. Gronna.... Feb. 2, 1911 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... Edwin F. Ladd..... Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 Died June 22, 1925.
69th............................ Gerald P. Nye..... Nov. 14, 1925 June 29, 1926 By gov., to fill vac.
69th-78th....................... ......do.......... June 30, 1926 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-81st....................... John Moses........ Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1951 Died Mar. 3, 1945.
79th............................ Milton R. Young... Mar. 12, 1945 June 24, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
79th-96th....................... ......do.......... June 25, 1946 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-99th....................... Mark Andrews...... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
100th-102d...................... Kent Conrad....... Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 1993 (\3\)
102d-111th...................... Byron L. Dorgan... Dec. 14, 1992 Jan. 2, 2011 (\4\)
112th-117th..................... John Hoeven....... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Was serving in the Class 3 Senate seat when he was elected Dec. 4, 1992, to fill the vacancy in Class 1. Sen.
Conrad resigned his Class 3 seat on Dec. 14, 1992.
\2\Resigned Jan. 31, 1910.
\3\Resigned Dec. 14, 1992, having been elected to the Class 1 Senate seat from North Dakota.
\4\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1993; subsequently appointed by governor on Dec. 14, 1992, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1993, created by the resignation of Sen. Conrad, who switched to the Class 1
seat.
See footnotes at end of Ohio table.
1873 1874
OHIO
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8th-10th........................ John Smith........ Apr. 1, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. Apr. 25, 1808.
10th-13th....................... Return J. Meigs, Dec. 12, 1808 Mar. 3, 1815 Res. Dec. 8, 1810\1\
Jr..
11th-13th....................... Thomas Worthington Dec. 15, 1810 Do. Res. Dec. 1, 1814.
13th............................ Joseph Kerr....... Dec. 10, 1814 Do. ......................
14th-22d........................ Benjamin Ruggles.. Mar. 4, 1815 Mar. 3, 1833 ......................
23d-25th........................ Thomas Morris..... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... Benjamin Tappan... Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 ......................
29th-31st....................... Thomas Corwin..... Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Res. July 20, 1850.
31st............................ Thomas Ewing...... July 20, 1850 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
32d-40th........................ Benjamin F. Wade.. Mar. 15, 1851 Mar. 3, 1869 (\2\)
41st-46th....................... Allen G. Thurman.. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-55th....................... John Sherman...... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1899 Res. Mar. 5, 1897.
55th............................ Marcus A. Hanna... Mar. 5, 1897 Jan. 11, 1898 By gov., to fill vac.
55th-58th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 12, 1898 Mar. 3, 1905 Died Feb. 15, 1904.
58th-61st....................... Charles W. F. Dick Mar. 2, 1904 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ Atlee Pomerene.... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-73d........................ Simeon D. Fess.... Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... Vic Donahey....... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
77th-79th....................... Harold H. Burton.. Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1947 Res. Sept. 30, 1945.
79th............................ James W. Huffman.. Oct. 8, 1945 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Kingsley A. Taft.. Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-85th....................... John W. Bricker... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-91st....................... Stephen M. Young.. Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92d-94th........................ Robert Taft, Jr... Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1977 Res. Dec. 28, 1976.
93d-103d........................ Howard M. Dec. 29, 1976 Jan. 2, 1995 (\3\)
Metzenbaum.
104th-109th..................... Mike DeWine....... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
[[Page 633]]
110th-118th..................... Sherrod Brown..... Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8th-9th......................... Thomas Worthington Apr. 1, 1803 Mar. 3, 1807 ......................
10th-12th....................... Edward Tiffin..... Mar. 4, 1807 Mar. 3, 1813 Res. Mar. 3, 1809.
11th............................ Stanley Griswold.. May 18, 1809 Dec. 11, 1809 By gov., to fill vac.
11th-12th....................... Alexander Campbell Dec. 11, 1809 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Jeremiah Morrow... Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 ......................
16th-18th....................... William A. Trimble Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 Died Dec. 13, 1821.
17th-18th....................... Ethan Allen Brown. Jan. 3, 1822 Do. ......................
19th-21st....................... William H. Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 Res. May 20, 1828.
Harrison.
20th-21st....................... Jacob Burnet...... Dec. 10, 1828 Do. ......................
22d-24th........................ Thomas Ewing...... Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 ......................
25th-30th....................... William Allen..... Mar. 4, 1837 Mar. 3, 1849 ......................
31st-33d........................ Salmon P. Chase... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... George E. Pugh.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... Salmon P. Chase... Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 Res. Mar. 6, 1861.
37th-45th....................... John Sherman...... Mar. 21, 1861 Mar. 3, 1879 Res. Mar. 8, 1877.
45th............................ Stanley Matthews.. Mar. 21, 1877 Do. ......................
46th-48th....................... George H. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
Pendleton.
49th-51st....................... Henry B. Payne.... Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ Calvin S. Brice... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-60th....................... Joseph B. Foraker. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ Theodore E. Burton Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-66th....................... Warren G. Harding. Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 (\4\)
66th-72d........................ Frank B. Willis... Jan. 14, 1921 Mar. 3, 1933 (\5\)
70th............................ Cyrus Locher...... Apr. 4, 1928 Dec. 14, 1928 By gov., to fill vac.
70th-72d........................ Theodore E. Burton Dec. 15, 1928 Mar. 3, 1933 Died Oct. 28, 1929.
71st............................ Roscoe C. Nov. 5, 1929 Nov. 30, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
McCulloch.
71st-75th....................... Robert J. Bulkley. Dec. 1, 1930 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-84th....................... Robert A. Taft.... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1957 Died July 31, 1953.
83d............................. Thomas A. Burke... Nov. 10, 1953 Dec. 2, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-84th........................ George H. Bender.. Dec. 16, 1954 Jan. 2, 1957 (\6\)
85th-90th....................... Frank J. Lausche.. Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-93d........................ William B. Saxbe.. Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Jan. 3, 1974.
93d............................. Howard M. Jan. 4, 1974 Jan. 2, 1975 (\7\)
Metzenbaum.
93d-105th....................... John H. Glenn..... Dec. 24, 1974 Jan. 2, 1999 (\8\)
106th-111th..................... George V. Jan. 3, 1999 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
Voinovich.
112th-117th..................... Robert Portman.... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned on or before this date, having been elected governor.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Mar. 14, 1851, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\3\Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term ending
Jan. 2, 1977.
\4\Resigned effective Jan. 13, 1921, having been elected President of the United States for the 34th term on
Nov. 2, 1920.
\5\Elected in 1920 for the term commencing Mar. 4, 1921; subsequently appointed by governor to fill the vacancy
in term ending Mar. 3, 1921, caused by the resignation of Warren G. Harding.
\6\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1957. Chose to continue as a Member of the House
of Representatives until Dec. 15, 1954, waiving right to commence service in the Senate on Dec. 3, 1954.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1975; resigned Dec. 23, 1974, to fill vacancy in Class 1.
\8\Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term ending
Jan. 2, 1975.
See footnotes at end of Oklahoma table.
1875 1876
OKLAHOMA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60th-68th....................... Robert L. Owen.... Dec. 11, 1907 Mar. 3. 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... William B. Pine... Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-74th........................ Thomas P. Gore.... Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-77th....................... Josh Lee.......... Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-80th....................... Edward H. Moore... Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-87th....................... Robert S. Kerr.... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 Died Jan. 1, 1963.
[[Page 634]]
88th............................ J. Howard Jan. 7, 1963 Nov. 3, 1964 By gov., to fill vac.
Edmondson.
88th-92d........................ Fred R. Harris.... Nov. 4, 1964 Jan. 2, 1973 ......................
93d-95th........................ Dewey F. Bartlett. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-104th...................... David L. Boren.... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 Res. Nov. 15, 1994.
103d-116th...................... James M. Inhofe... Nov. 16, 1994 Jan. 2, 2021 (\1\)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60th-66th....................... Thomas P. Gore.... Dec. 11, 1907 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-69th....................... John W. Harreld... Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-81st....................... Elmer Thomas...... Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-90th........................ A. S. Mike Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
Monroney.
91st-96th....................... Henry Bellmon..... Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-108th...................... Don Nickles....... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
109th-114th..................... Tom Coburn........ Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2017 Res. Jan. 3, 2015.
114th-117th..................... James Lankford.... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Nov. 8, 1994. Served in House during interim.
See footnotes at end of Oregon table.
1877 1878
OREGON
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th............................ Delazon Smith..... Feb. 14, 1859 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... Edward D. Baker... Oct. 2, 1860 Mar. 3, 1865 (\1\)
37th............................ Benjamin Stark.... Oct. 29, 1861 Sept. 12, 1862 By gov., to fill vac.
37th-38th....................... Benjamin F. Sept. 12, 1862 Mar. 3, 1865 ......................
Harding.
39th-41st....................... George Henry Mar. 4, 1865 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
Williams.
42d-44th........................ James K. Kelly.... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-47th....................... La Fayette Grover. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-53d........................ Joseph N. Dolph... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-56th....................... George W. McBride. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... John H. Mitchell.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 Died Dec. 8, 1905.
59th............................ John M. Gearin.... Dec. 13, 1905 Jan. 23, 1907 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Frederick W. Jan. 23, 1907 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
Mulkey.
60th-62d........................ Jonathan Bourne, Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
Jr..
63d-65th........................ Harry Lane........ Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 Died May 23, 1917.
65th............................ Charles L. McNary. May 29, 1917 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Frederick W. Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1919 Res. Dec. 17, 1918
Mulkey.
65th-80th....................... Charles L. McNary. Dec. 18, 1918 Jan. 2, 1949 (\2\)
78th............................ Guy Cordon........ Mar. 4, 1944 Nov. 7, 1944 By gov., to fill vac.
78th-83d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 8, 1944 Jan. 2, 1955 ......................
84th-86th....................... Richard L. Jan. 3, 1955 Jan. 2, 1961 Died Mar. 9, 1960.
Neuberger.
86th............................ Hall S. Lusk...... Mar. 16, 1960 Nov. 8, 1960 By gov., to fill vac.
86th-89th....................... Maurine B. Nov. 9, 1960 Jan. 2, 1967 (\3\)
Neuberger.
90th-104th...................... Mark O. Hatfield.. Jan. 10, 1967 Jan. 2, 1997 (\4\)
105th-110th..................... Gordon H. Smith... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2009 ......................
111th-116th..................... Jeff Merkley...... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35th-36th....................... Joseph Lane....... Feb. 14, 1859 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-39th....................... James W. Nesmith.. Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-42d........................ Henry W. Corbett.. Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1873 ......................
43d-45th........................ John H. Mitchell.. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... James H. Slater... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 ......................
49th-54th....................... John H. Mitchell.. Nov. 18, 1885 Mar. 3, 1897 (\5\)
55th-57th....................... Joseph Simon...... Oct. 8, 1898 Mar. 3, 1903 (\6\)
58th-60th....................... Charles W. Fulton. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-66th....................... George E. Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
Chamberlain.
67th-69th....................... Robert N. Mar. 4, 1921 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
Stanfield.
70th-75th....................... Frederick Steiwer. Mar. 4, 1927 Jan. 2, 1939 Res. Jan. 31, 1938.
75th............................ Alfred Evan Reames Feb. 1, 1938 Nov. 8, 1938 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Alexander G. Barry Nov. 9, 1938 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
[[Page 635]]
OREGON--Continued
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
76th-78th....................... Rufus C. Holman... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-90th....................... Wayne L. Morse.... Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-105th...................... Robert W. Packwood Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1999 Res. Oct. 1, 1995.
104th-117th..................... Ron Wyden......... Feb. 5, 1996 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1859, to Oct. 2, 1860. Killed in the battle of Balls Bluff, Va., Oct. 21, 1861.
\2\Elected to full term commencing Mar. 4, 1919; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Mar. 3, 1919. Died Feb. 25, 1944.
\3\Elected Nov. 8, 1960, to fill unexpired term ending Jan. 2, 1961, and to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1961.
\4\Waived compensation Jan. 3-9, 1967, to complete term as governor.
\5\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 18, 1885, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1897, to Oct. 7, 1898, because of failure of legislature to elect.
See footnotes at end of Pennsylvania table.
1879 1880
PENNSYLVANIA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st............................. William Maclay.... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1791 ......................
2d-4th.......................... Albert Gallatin... Feb. 28, 1793 Mar. 3, 1797 (\1\)
3d-7th.......................... James Ross........ Apr. 24, 1794 Mar. 3, 1803 (\2\)
8th-10th........................ Samuel Maclay..... Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. Jan. 4, 1809.
10th-13th....................... Michael Leib...... Jan. 9, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 Res. Feb. 14, 1814.
13th-16th....................... Jonathan Roberts.. Feb. 24, 1814 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-19th....................... William Findlay... Dec. 10, 1821 Mar. 3, 1827 (\3\)
20th-22d........................ Isaac D. Barnard.. Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Dec. 6, 1831.
22d............................. George M. Dallas.. Dec. 13, 1831 Do. ......................
23d-25th........................ Samuel McKean..... Dec. 7, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 (\4\)
26th-31st....................... Daniel Sturgeon... Jan. 14, 1840 Mar. 3, 1851 (\5\)
32d-34th........................ Richard Brodhead.. Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Simon Cameron..... Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 Res. Mar. 4, 1861.
37th............................ David Wilmot...... Mar. 14, 1861 Do. ......................
38th-40th....................... Charles R. Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
Buckalew.
41st-43d........................ John Scott........ Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... William A. Wallace Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... John I. Mitchell.. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-55th....................... Matthew S. Quay... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-58th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 16, 1901 Mar. 3, 1905 (\6\)
58th............................ Philander C. Knox. June 10, 1904 Jan. 17, 1905 By gov., to fill vac.
59th-61st....................... ......do.......... Jan. 18, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 Res. Mar. 4, 1909.
61st-64th....................... George T. Oliver.. Mar. 17, 1909 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-67th....................... Philander C. Knox. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 Died Oct. 12, 1921.
67th............................ William E. Crow... Oct. 24, 1921 Do. (\7\)
Do............................ David A. Reed..... Aug. 8, 1922 Nov. 7, 1922 By gov., to fill vac.
67th-73d........................ ......do.......... Nov. 8, 1922 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-79th....................... Joseph F. Guffey.. Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-85th....................... Edward Martin..... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-94th....................... Hugh Scott........ Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-102d....................... H. John Heinz III. Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1995 Died Apr. 4, 1991.
102d............................ Harris Wofford.... May 8, 1991 Nov. 5, 1991 By gov. to fill vac.
102d-103d....................... ......do.......... Nov. 6, 1991 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-109th..................... Rick Santorum..... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-118th..................... Robert P. Casey, Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025
Jr..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d.......................... Robert Morris..... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1795 ......................
4th-6th......................... William Bingham... Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... John Peter G. ................ ................
Muhlen-.
berg............ Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Res. June 30, 1801.
7th............................. George Logan...... July 13, 1801 Dec. 15, 1801 By gov., to fill vac.
7th-9th......................... ......do.......... Dec. 16, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 ......................
10th-12th....................... Andrew Gregg...... Mar. 4, 1807 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Abner Lacock...... Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 ......................
16th-18th....................... Walter Lowrie..... Mar. 4, 1819 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
[[Page 636]]
PENNSYLVANIA--Continuted
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19th-21st....................... William Marks..... Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-24th........................ William Wilkins... Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. June 30, 1834.
23d-30th........................ James Buchanan.... Dec. 6, 1834 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. Mar. 5, 1845.
29th-30th....................... Simon Cameron..... Mar. 13, 1845 Do. ......................
31st-33d........................ James Cooper...... Mar. 4, 1849 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... William Bigler.... Jan. 14, 1856 Mar. 3, 1861 (\8\)
37th-39th....................... Edgar Cowan....... Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-45th....................... Simon Cameron..... Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1879 Res. Mar. 3, 1877.
45th-54th....................... James Donald Mar. 20, 1877 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
Cameron.
55th-69th....................... Boies Penrose..... Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1927 Died Dec. 31, 1921.
67th............................ George Wharton Jan. 9, 1922 Nov. 6, 1922 By gov., to fill vac.
Pepper.
67th-69th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1922 Mar. 3, 1927 ......................
70th-72d........................ William S. Vare... Mar. 4, 1927 Mar. 3, 1933 (\9\)
71st............................ Joseph R. Grundy.. Dec. 11, 1929 Dec. 1, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
71st-78th....................... James J. Davis.... Dec. 2, 1930 Jan. 2, 1945 ......................
79th-81st....................... Francis J. Myers.. Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-84th........................ James H. Duff..... Jan. 16, 1951 Jan. 2, 1957 (\10\)
85th-90th....................... Joseph S. Clark... Jan. 3, 1957 Jan. 2, 1969 ......................
91st-96th....................... Richard S. Jan. 3, 1969 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
Schweiker.
97th-111th...................... Arlen Specter..... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
112th-117th..................... Patrick J. Toomey. Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1791, to Feb. 28, 1793, because of failure of legislature to elect. Senate resolution
of Feb. 28, 1794, declared that Mr. Gallatin had not been a citizen the term of years required by law.
\2\ Vacancy from Feb. 28 to Apr. 23, 1794.
\3\ Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Dec. 10, 1821.
\4\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, to Dec. 7, 1833, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\5\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1839, to Jan. 13, 1840, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\6\ Appointed by governor Apr. 21, 1899, to fill vacancy caused by legislature's failure to elect. By Senate
resolution of Apr. 24, 1900, was declared not entitled to seat, but was subsequently elected. Vacancy from
Apr. 24, 1900, to Jan. 16, 1901. Died May 28, 1904.
\7\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Aug. 2, 1922.
\8\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1855, to Jan. 14, 1856, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\9\ Credentials as Senator elect were presented and referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections for
report; meanwhile Mr. Vare was not permitted to qualify and by S. Res. No. 111 of Dec. 6, 1929, was declared
not entitled to a seat.
\10\ Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 1951. Oath administered on Jan. 18, 1951. Governor during interim.
See footnotes at the end of Rhode Island table.
1881 1882
RHODE ISLAND
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-7th......................... Theodore Foster... June 12, 1790 Mar. 3, 1803 ......................
8th-10th........................ Samuel J. Potter.. Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Died Oct. 14, 1804.
Do............................ Benjamin Howland.. Oct. 29, 1804 Do. ......................
11th-13th....................... Francis Malbone... Mar. 4, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 Died June 4, 1809.
Do............................ Christopher G. June 26, 1809 Do. Res. Oct. 2, 1811.
Champlin.
12th-16th....................... William Hunter.... Oct. 28, 1811 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-19th....................... James De Wolf..... Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1827 Res. Oct. 31, 1825.
19th-25th....................... Asher Robbins..... Oct. 31, 1825 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-28th....................... Nathan F. Dixon Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 Died Jan. 29, 1842.
1st.
27th-28th....................... William Sprague... Feb. 5, 1842 Do. Res. Jan. 17, 1844.
28th............................ John B. Francis... Jan. 25, 1844 Do. ......................
29th-31st....................... Albert C. Greene.. Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ Charles T. James.. Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... James F. Simmons.. Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 Res. Sept. 5, 1862.
37th............................ Samuel G. Arnold.. Sept. 5, 1862 Do. ......................
38th-43d........................ William Sprague... Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1875 (\1\)
44th-49th....................... Ambrose E. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1887 Died Sept. 13, 1881.
Burnside.
47th-61st....................... Nelson W. Aldrich. Oct. 5, 1881 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ Henry F. Lippitt.. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-70th....................... Peter G. Gerry.... Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-73d........................ Felix Hebert...... Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-79th....................... Peter G. Gerry.... Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-82d........................ J. Howard McGrath. Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1953 Res. Aug. 23, 1949.
80th-81st....................... Edward L. Leahy... Aug. 24, 1949 Nov. 7, 1950 By gov., to fill vac.
81st-94th....................... John O. Pastore... Dec. 19, 1950 Jan. 2, 1977 Res. Dec. 28, 1976.
[[Page 637]]
94th-106th...................... John H. Chafee.... Dec. 29, 1976 Jan. 2, 2001 (\2\)
106th........................... Lincoln D. Chafee. Nov. 2, 1999 Jan. 2, 2001 By gov., to fill vac.
107th-109th..................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-118th..................... Sheldon Whitehouse Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... Joseph Stanton, June 12, 1790 Mar. 3, 1793 ......................
Jr..
3d-5th.......................... William Bradford.. Mar. 4, 1793 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. in Oct. 1797.
5th-8th......................... Ray Greene........ Nov. 13, 1797 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. Mar. 5, 1801.
7th-8th......................... Christopher Ellery May 6, 1801 Do. ......................
9th-11th........................ James Fenner...... Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1811 Res. in Sept. 1807.
10th-11th....................... Elisha Mathewson.. Oct. 26, 1807 Do. ......................
12th-14th....................... Jeremiah B. Howell Mar. 4, 1811 Mar. 3, 1817 ......................
15th-17th....................... James Burrill, Jr. Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 Died Dec. 25, 1820.
16th-26th....................... Nehemiah R. Knight Jan. 9, 1821 Mar. 3, 1841 ......................
27th-29th....................... James F. Simmons.. Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-32d........................ John H. Clarke.... Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ Philip Allen...... July 20, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 (\3\)
36th-50th....................... Henry B. Anthony.. Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1889 Died Sept. 2, 1884.
48th............................ William P. Nov. 19, 1884 Jan. 20, 1885 By gov., to fill vac.
Sheffield.
48th-53d........................ Jonathan Chace.... Jan. 20, 1885 Mar. 3, 1895 Res. Apr. 9, 1889.
51st-53d........................ Nathan F. Dixon 3d Apr. 10, 1889 Do. ......................
54th-59th....................... George Peabody Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
Wetmore.
60th-62d........................ ......do.......... Jan. 22, 1908 Mar. 3, 1913 (\4\)
63d-68th........................ LeBaron B. Colt... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1925 Died Aug. 18, 1924.
68th-74th....................... Jesse H. Metcalf.. Nov. 5, 1924 Jan. 2, 1937 (\5\)
75th-86th....................... Theodore Francis Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1961 ......................
Green.
87th-104th...................... Claiborne Pell.... Jan. 3, 1961 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-116th..................... Jack Reed......... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Nephew of William Sprague, above, who served Feb. 5, 1842-Jan. 17, 1844.
\2\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1977; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 3, 1977. Died Oct. 24, 1999.
\3\ Elected May 4, 1853. Served as governor until July 20, 1853. Vacancy from Mar. 4 to July 20, 1853.
\4\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1907, to Jan. 21, 1908, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\5\Vacancy from Aug. 19 to Nov. 4, 1924, because of failure of legislature to elect.
See footnotes at end of South Carolina table.
1883 1884
SOUTH CAROLINA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-5th......................... Pierce Butler..... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. Oct. 25, 1796.
4th-5th......................... John Hunter....... Dec. 8, 1796 Do. Res. Nov. 26, 1798.
5th-8th......................... Charles Pinckney.. Dec. 6, 1798 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. in 1801.
7th-11th........................ Thomas Sumter..... Dec. 15, 1801 Mar. 3, 1811 Res. Dec. 16, 1810.
11th-14th....................... John Taylor....... Dec. 31, 1810 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. in Nov. 1816.
14th-17th....................... William Smith..... Dec. 4, 1816 Mar. 3, 1823 ......................
18th-23d........................ Robert Young Hayne Mar. 4, 1823 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. Dec. 13, 1832.
22d-29th........................ John C. Calhoun... Dec. 29, 1832 Mar. 3, 1847 (\1\)
28th-29th....................... Daniel Elliott Mar. 4, 1843 Do. Res. Mar. 3, 1845.
Huger.
29th-32d........................ John C. Calhoun... Nov. 26, 1845 Mar. 3, 1853 (\2\)
31st............................ Franklin H. Elmore Apr. 11, 1850 Dec. 18, 1850 (\3\)
Do............................ Robert W. Barnwell June 4, 1850 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
31st-32d........................ R. Barnwell Rhett. Dec. 18, 1850 Mar. 3, 1853 Res. May 7, 1852.
32d............................. William F. De May 10, 1852 Nov. 28, 1852 By gov., to fill vac.
Saussure.
Do............................ ......do.......... Nov. 29, 1852 Mar. 3, 1853 ......................
33d-35th........................ Josiah J. Evans... Mar. 4, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 Died May 6, 1858.
35th............................ Arthur P. Hayne... May 11, 1858 Dec. 2, 1858 By gov., to fill vac.
35th-36th....................... James Chesnut, Jr. Dec. 3, 1858 Mar. 3, 1865 (\4\)
40th-44th....................... Thomas J. July 15, 1868 Mar. 3, 1877 (\5\)
Robertson.
45th-53d........................ Matthew C. Butler. Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-65th....................... Benjamin R. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1919 Died July 3, 1918.
Tillman.
65th............................ Christie Benet.... July 6, 1918 Nov. 5, 1918 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ William P. Pollock Nov. 6, 1918 Mar. 3, 1919 ......................
[[Page 638]]
66th-68th....................... Nathaniel B. Dial. Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... Coleman L. Blease. Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-77th........................ James F. Byrnes... Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1943 Res. July 8, 1941.
77th............................ Alva M. Lumpkin... July 22, 1941 Nov. 4, 1941 (\6\)
Do............................ Roger C. Peace.... Aug. 5, 1941 Nov. 4, 1941 By gov., to fill vac.
77th-83d........................ Burnet R. Maybank. Nov. 5, 1941 Jan. 2, 1955 Died Sept. 1, 1954.
83d............................. Charles E. Daniel. Sept. 6, 1954 Jan. 2, 1955 By gov., to fill
vac.\7\
83d-86th........................ Strom Thurmond.... Dec. 24, 1954 Jan. 2, 1961 Res. Apr. 4, 1956.\8\
84th............................ Thomas A. Wofford. Apr. 5, 1956 Nov. 6, 1956 By gov., to fill vac.
85th-107th...................... Strom Thurmond.... Nov. 7, 1956 Jan. 2, 2003 (\9\)
108th-116th..................... Lindsey Graham.... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-3d.......................... Ralph Izard....... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1795 ......................
4th-6th......................... Jacob Read........ Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1801 ......................
7th-9th......................... John Ewing Colhoun Mar. 4, 1801 Mar. 3, 1807 Died Oct. 26, 1802.
Do............................ Pierce Butler..... Nov. 4, 1802 Do. Res. Nov. 21, 1804.
8th-21st........................ John Gaillard..... Dec. 6, 1804 Mar. 3, 1831 Died Feb. 26, 1826.
19th............................ William Harper.... Mar. 8, 1826 Nov. 29, 1826 By gov., to fill vac.
19th-21st....................... William Smith..... Nov. 29, 1826 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
22d-24th........................ Stephen D. Miller. Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1837 Res. Mar. 2, 1833.
23d-27th........................ William C. Preston Nov. 26, 1833 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Nov. 29, 1842.
27th-30th....................... George McDuffie... Dec. 2, 1842 Mar. 3, 1849 Res. Aug. 17,
1846.\10\
29th-36th....................... Andrew P. Butler.. Dec. 4, 1846 Mar. 3, 1861 Died May 25, 1857.
35th-36th....................... James H. Hammond.. Dec. 7, 1857 Do. (\11\)
40th-42d........................ Frederick A. July 16, 1868 Mar. 3, 1873 (\12\)
Sawyer.
43d-45th........................ John J. Patterson. Mar. 4, 1873 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-51st....................... Wade Hampton...... Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ John L. M. Irby... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... Joseph H. Earle... Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 Died May 20, 1897.
55th............................ John L. McLaurin.. May 27, 1897 Jan. 25, 1898 By gov., to fill vac.
55th-57th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 26, 1898 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-60th....................... Asbury C. Latimer. Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 Died Feb. 20, 1908.
60th............................ Frank B. Gary..... Mar. 6, 1908 Do. ......................
61st-78th....................... Ellison D. Smith.. Mar. 4, 1909 Jan. 2, 1945 Died Nov. 17, 1944.
78th............................ Wilton E. Hall.... Nov. 20, 1944 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
79th-90th....................... Olin D. Johnston.. Jan. 3, 1945 Jan. 2, 1969 Died Apr. 18, 1965.
89th-90th....................... Donald Russell.... Apr. 22, 1965 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
89th-108th...................... Ernest F. Hollings Nov. 9, 1966 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
109th-114th..................... James DeMint...... Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2017 Res. Jan. 1, 2013.
112th-113th..................... Tim Scott......... Jan. 2, 2013 Nov. 4, 2014 By gov., to fill vac.
113th-117th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 5, 2014 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Dec. 12, 1832. Took oath Jan. 4, 1833. Vice President during interim. Resigned Mar. 3, 1843.
\2\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Nov. 26, 1845. Died Mar. 31, 1850.
\3\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died May 29, 1850.
\4\Withdrew from the Senate Nov. 10, 1860. Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Nov. 10,
1860, to July 14, 1868.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865.
\6\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died Aug. 1, 1941.
\7\Resigned effective Dec. 23, 1954.
\8\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1955; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1955.
\9\Elected Nov. 6, 1956, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\10\Vacancy from Aug. 18 to Dec. 3, 1846.
\11\Withdrew from Senate Nov. 11, 1860. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Nov. 11, 1860, to July 15, 1868.
\12\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1867.
See footnotes at the end of South Dakota table.
1885 1886
SOUTH DAKOTA
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-56th....................... Richard F. Nov. 2, 1889 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
Pettigrew.
[[Page 639]]
57th-62d........................ Robert J. Gamble.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-68th........................ Thomas Sterling... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... William H. Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
McMaster.
72d-77th........................ William J. Bulow.. Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-80th....................... Harlan J. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 Died Sept. 27, 1948.
Bushfield.
80th............................ Vera C. Bushfield. Oct. 6, 1948 Jan. 2, 1949 By gov., to fill
vac.\1\
80th-92d........................ Karl E. Mundt..... Dec. 31, 1948 Jan. 2, 1973 (\2\)
93d-95th........................ James Abourezk.... Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 ......................
96th-104th...................... Larry Pressler.... Jan. 3, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 ......................
105th-113th..................... Tim Johnson....... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2015
114th-116th..................... Mike Rounds....... Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st............................ Gideon C. Moody... Nov. 2, 1889 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-57th........................ James H. Kyle..... Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1903 Died July 1, 1901.
57th............................ Alfred B. July 11, 1901 Jan. 20, 1903 By gov., to fill vac.
Kittredge.
57th-60th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 21, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-63d........................ Coe I. Crawford... Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-66th....................... Edwin S. Johnson.. Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 ......................
67th-75th....................... Peter Norbeck..... Mar. 4, 1921 Jan. 2, 1939 Died Dec. 20, 1936.
74th-75th....................... Herbert E. Dec. 29, 1936 Nov. 8, 1938 By gov., to fill vac.
Hitchcock.
75th............................ Gladys Pyle....... Nov. 9, 1938 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-81st....................... J. Chandler Gurney Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-87th........................ Francis Case...... Jan 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1963 Died June 22, 1962.
87th............................ Joe H. Bottum..... July 9, 1962 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
88th-96th....................... George McGovern... Jan. 3, 1963 Jan. 2, 1981 ......................
97th-99th....................... James Abdnor...... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
100th-108th..................... Thomas A. Daschle. Jan. 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 2005 ......................
109th-117th..................... John Thune........ Jan. 3, 2005 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Resigned Dec. 26, 1948.
\2\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1949; subsequently appointed by governor on Dec. 27, 1948, to fill
vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1949. Oath administered Dec. 31, 1948. Continued to serve as Member of House of
Representatives during interim.
See footnotes at end of Tennessee table.
1887 1888
TENNESSEE
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4th............................. William Cocke..... Aug. 2, 1796 Mar. 3, 1797 ......................
5th............................. ......do.......... Apr. 22, 1797 Sept. 26, 1797 (\1\)
5th-7th......................... Andrew Jackson.... Sept. 26, 1797 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. in April 1798.
5th............................. Daniel Smith...... Oct. 6, 1798 Mar. 3, 1799 By gov., to fill vac.
5th-10th........................ Joseph Anderson... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1809 (\2\)
11th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1809 Apr. 10, 1809 By gov., to fill vac.
11th-13th....................... ......do.......... Apr. 11, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 ......................
14th-16th....................... George W. Campbell Oct. 10, 1815 Mar. 3, 1821 (\3\)
15th-16th....................... John H. Eaton..... Sept. 5, 1818 Oct. 8, 1819 By gov., to fill vac.
16th-22d........................ ......do.......... Oct. 9, 1819 Mar. 3, 1833 Res. Mar. 9, 1829.
21st-25th....................... Felix Grundy...... Oct. 19, 1829 Mar. 3, 1839 Res. July 4, 1838.
25th............................ Ephraim H. Foster. Sept. 17, 1838 Do. (\4\)
26th-28th....................... Felix Grundy...... Dec. 14, 1839 Mar. 3, 1845 Died Dec. 19, 1840.
26th-27th....................... Alfred O. P. Dec. 25, 1840 Feb. 7, 1842 By gov., to fill vac.
Nicholson.
28th............................ Ephraim H. Foster. Oct. 17, 1843 Mar. 3, 1845 (\5\)
29th-31st....................... Hopkins L. Turney. Mar. 4, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-34th........................ James C. Jones.... Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-37th....................... Andrew Johnson.... Oct. 8, 1857 Mar. 3, 1863 (\6\)
39th-40th....................... David T. Patterson July 24, 1866 Mar. 3, 1869 (\7\)
41st-43d........................ William G. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
Brownlow.
44th-46th....................... Andrew Johnson.... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 Died July 31, 1875.
44th............................ David M. Key...... Aug. 18, 1875 Jan. 19, 1877 By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th....................... James E. Bailey... Jan. 19, 1877 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... Howell E. Jackson. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 Res. Apr. 14, 1886.
49th............................ Washington C...... ................ ................
Whitthorne...... Apr. 16, 1886 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
50th-61st....................... William B. Bate... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1911 Died Mar. 9, 1905.
Footnotes continued on next page.
[[Page 640]]
TENNESSEE--Continued
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
59th-61st....................... James B. Frazier.. Mar. 21, 1905 Do. ......................
62d-64th........................ Luke Lea.......... Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-82d........................ Kenneth D. Mar. 4, 1917 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
McKellar.
83d-91st........................ Albert Gore....... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1971 ......................
92d-94th........................ William E. Brock Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
III.
95th-103d....................... James R. Sasser... Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-109th..................... Bill Frist........ Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-115th..................... Bob Corker........ Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Marsha Blackburn.. Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4th-5th......................... William Blount.... Aug. 2, 1796 Mar. 3, 1799 Exp. July 8, 1797.
5th............................. Joseph Anderson... Sept. 26, 1797 Do. ......................
6th-8th......................... William Cocke..... Mar. 4, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 ......................
9th-11th........................ Daniel Smith...... Mar. 4, 1805 Mar. 3, 1811 Res. Mar. 31, 1809.
11th-14th....................... Jenkin Whiteside.. Apr. 11, 1809 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Oct. 8, 1811.
12th-14th....................... George W. Campbell Oct. 8, 1811 Do. Res. Feb. 11, 1814.
13th-14th....................... Jesse Wharton..... Mar. 17, 1814 Oct. 10, 1815 By gov., to fill vac.
14th............................ John Williams..... Oct. 10, 1815 Mar. 3, 1817 ......................
15th............................ ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1817 Oct. 1, 1817 (\8\)
15th-17th....................... ......do.......... Oct. 2, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 ......................
18th-20th....................... Andrew Jackson.... Mar. 4, 1823 Mar. 3, 1829 Res. Oct. 14, 1825.
19th-23d........................ Hugh Lawson White. Oct. 28, 1825 Mar. 3, 1835 ......................
24th-26th....................... ......do.......... Oct. 6, 1835 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. Jan. 13, 1840.\9\
26th............................ Alexander Anderson Jan. 27, 1840 Do. ......................
28th-29th....................... Spencer Jarnagin.. Oct. 17, 1843 Mar. 3, 1847 (\10\)
30th-32d........................ John Bell......... Nov. 22, 1847 Mar. 3, 1853 (\11\)
33d-35th........................ ......do.......... Oct. 29, 1853 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... Alfred O. P. Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 (\12\)
Nicholson.
39th-41st....................... Joseph S. Fowler.. July 24, 1866 Mar. 3, 1871 (\13\)
42d-44th........................ Henry Cooper...... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1877 ......................
45th-56th....................... Isham G. Harris... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1901 Died July 8, 1897.
55th............................ Thomas B. Turley.. July 20, 1897 Feb. 1, 1898 By gov., to fill vac.
55th-56th....................... ......do.......... Feb. 2, 1898 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-59th....................... Edward W. Carmack. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1907 ......................
60th-62d........................ Robert L. Taylor.. Mar. 4, 1907 Mar. 3, 1913 Died Mar. 31, 1912.
62d............................. Newell Sanders.... Apr. 8, 1912 Jan. 24, 1913 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ William R. Webb... Jan. 24, 1913 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-68th........................ John K. Shields... Mar. 4, 1913 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... Lawrence D. Tyson. Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 Died Aug. 24, 1929.
71st............................ William E. Brock.. Sept. 2, 1929 Nov. 3, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Nov. 4, 1930 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
72d-74th........................ Cordell Hull...... Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1937 Res. Mar. 3, 1933.
73d............................. Nathan L. Bachman. Mar. 4, 1933 Nov. 6, 1934 By gov., to fill vac.
73d-77th........................ ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1934 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Apr. 23, 1937.
75th............................ George L. Berry... May 6, 1937 Nov. 8, 1938 By gov., to fill vac.
75th-80th....................... Tom Stewart....... Jan. 16, 1939 Jan. 2, 1949 (\14\)
81st-89th....................... Estes Kefauver.... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 Died Aug. 10, 1963.
88th............................ Herbert S. Walters Aug. 20, 1963 Nov. 3, 1964 By gov., to fill vac.
88th-89th....................... Ross Bass......... Nov. 4, 1964 Jan. 2, 1967 ......................
90th-98th....................... Howard H. Baker, Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1985 ......................
Jr..
99th-104th...................... Albert Gore, Jr... Jan. 3, 1985 Jan. 2, 1997 (\15\)
102d-103d....................... Harlan Mathews.... Jan. 2, 1993 Dec. 1, 1994 By gov., to fill vac.
103d-107th...................... Fred Thompson..... Dec. 2, 1994 Jan. 2, 2003 ......................
108th-116th..................... Lamar Alexander... Jan. 3, 2003 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy because of legislature's failure to elect.
\2\Elected on Dec. 12, 1798, but remained in the other Tennessee seat until Mar. 3, 1799.
\3\Vacancy from Mar. 1 to Oct. 10, 1815. Resigned, effective Apr. 20, 1818.
\4\By governor, to fill vacancy; subsequently elected to term beginning Mar. 4, 1839; resigned Mar. 3, 1839.
Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Dec. 14, 1839.
\5\Vacancy from Feb. 8, 1842, to Oct. 16, 1843.
\6\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Oct. 7, 1857. Resigned Mar. 4, 1862, to become military governor of Tennessee. Because
of Civil War, vacancy from Mar. 4, 1862, to July 24, 1866, when Tennessee was readmitted to representation.
\7\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1863. Seated July 28, 1866, after the Senate
resolved a challenge to his credentials.
\8\By governor, during recess of legislature.
\9\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Oct. 5, 1835.
[[Page 641]]
\10\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1841, to Oct. 16, 1843.
\11\Vacancy from Mar. 4 to Oct. 28, 1853.
\12\Withdrew Mar. 3, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Mar. 3, 1861, to July 24,
1866, when Tennessee was readmitted to representation.
\13\By legislature to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated July 25, 1866.
\14\Elected Nov. 8, 1938, but did not assume duties until Jan. 16, 1939. Vacancy from Nov. 9, 1938, to Jan. 15,
1939.
\15\Resigned Jan. 2, 1993, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 52nd term on Nov. 3,
1992.
1889 1890
TEXAS
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-37th....................... Thomas J. Rusk.... Feb. 21, 1846 Mar. 3, 1863 Died July 29, 1857.
35th-37th....................... J. Pinckney Nov. 9, 1857 Do. (\1\)
Henderson.
35th-36th....................... Matthias Ward..... Sept. 27, 1858 Dec. 5, 1859 By gov., to fill vac.
36th-37th....................... Louis T. Wigfall.. Dec. 5, 1859 Mar. 3, 1863 (\2\)
41st-43d........................ J. W. Flanagan.... Mar. 30, 1870 Mar. 3, 1875 (\3\)
44th-49th....................... Samuel B. Maxey... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-52d........................ John H. Reagan.... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1893 Res. June 10, 1891.
52d............................. Horace Chilton.... June 10, 1891 Mar. 22, 1892 By gov., to fill vac.
52d-55th........................ Roger Q. Mills.... Mar. 23, 1892 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-67th....................... Charles A. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
Culberson.
68th-70th....................... Earle B. Mayfield. Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-82d........................ Tom Connally...... Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-85th........................ Price Daniel...... Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1959 Res. Jan. 14, 1957.
85th............................ Wm. A. Blakley.... Jan. 15, 1957 Apr. 28, 1957 By gov., to fill vac.
85th-91st....................... Ralph Yarborough.. Apr. 29, 1957 Jan. 2, 1971 (\4\)
92d-103d........................ Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jan. 3, 1971 Jan. 2, 1995 Res. Jan. 20, 1993.
Jr..
103d............................ Bob Krueger....... Jan. 21, 1993 June 14, 1993 By gov., to fill vac.
103d-112th...................... Kay Bailey June 14, 1993 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
Hutchison.
113th-118th..................... Ted Cruz.......... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29th-35th....................... Sam Houston....... Feb. 21, 1846 Mar. 3, 1859 ......................
36th-38th....................... John Hemphill..... Mar. 4, 1859 Mar. 3, 1865 (\5\)
41st-44th....................... Morgan C. Hamilton Mar. 30, 1870 Mar. 3, 1877 (\6\)
45th-53d........................ Richard Coke...... Mar. 4, 1877 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-56th....................... Horace Chilton.... Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1901 ......................
57th-62d........................ Joseph W. Bailey.. Mar. 4, 1901 Mar. 3, 1913 Res. Jan. 3, 1913.
62d............................. Rienzi M. Johnston Jan. 4, 1913 Jan. 29, 1913 By gov., to fill vac.
62d-77th........................ Morris Sheppard... Jan. 29, 1913 Jan. 2, 1943 Died Apr. 9, 1941.
77th............................ Andrew Jackson Apr. 21, 1941 June 26, 1941 (\7\)
Houston.
77th-80th....................... W. Lee O'Daniel... Aug. 4, 1941 Jan. 2, 1949 (\8\)
81st-87th....................... Lyndon B. Johnson. Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1967 (\9\)
87th............................ Wm. A. Blakley.... Jan. 3, 1961 June 14, 1961 By gov., to fill vac.
87th-98th....................... John G. Tower..... June 15, 1961 Jan. 2, 1985 (\10\)
99th-107th...................... Phil Gramm........ Jan. 3, 1985 Jan. 2, 2003 Res. Nov. 30, 2002.
107th-116th..................... John Cornyn....... Dec. 2, 2002 Jan. 2, 2021 (\11\)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By gov., to fill vac.; died June 4, 1858.
\2\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to Mar. 30, 1870, when Texas was
readmitted to representation.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869. Seated Mar. 31, 1870.
\4\Elected Apr. 2, 1957, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1959. Took oath Apr. 29, 1957.
\5\Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from July 11, 1861, to Mar. 30, 1870, when Texas was
readmitted to representation.
\6\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated Mar. 31, 1870.
\7\By governor, to fill vacancy. Died June 26, 1941.
\8\Elected June 28, 1941. Took oath Aug. 4, 1941, Governor during interim.
\9\Elected Nov. 8, 1960, to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1961, but resigned Jan. 3, 1961, immediately after
taking oath of office, having been elected Vice President of the United States for the 44th term on Nov. 8,
1960.
\10\Elected May 27, 1961, to serve unexpired term. See S. Jour. 547, 87-1, July 17, 1961.
\11\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 2003; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 2003.
See footnotes at end of Utah table.
[[Page 642]]
1891 1892
UTAH
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54th-55th....................... Frank J. Cannon... Jan. 22, 1896 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-58th....................... Thomas Kearns..... Jan. 23, 1901 Mar. 3, 1905 (\1\)
59th-65th....................... George Sutherland. Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-76th....................... William H. King... Mar. 4, 1917 Jan. 2, 1941 ......................
77th-79th....................... Abe Murdock....... Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
80th-85th....................... Arthur V. Watkins. Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-94th....................... Frank E. Moss..... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-115th...................... Orrin G. Hatch.... Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 2019 ......................
116th-118th..................... Mitt Romney....... Jan. 3, 2019 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54th............................ Arthur Brown...... Jan. 22, 1896 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... Joseph L. Rawlins. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-72d........................ Reed Smoot........ Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-81st........................ Elbert D. Thomas.. Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1951 ......................
82d-93d......................... Wallace F. Bennett Jan. 3, 1951 Jan. 2, 1975 Res. Dec. 20, 1974.
93d-102d........................ E. J. ``Jake'' Dec. 21, 1974 Jan. 2, 1993 (\2\)
Garn.
103d-111th...................... Robert F. Bennett. Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
112th-117th..................... Mike Lee.......... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1899 to Jan. 22, 1901, because of failure of legislature to elect.
\2\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1975; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1975.
See footnotes at end of Vermont table.
1893 1894
VERMONT
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-4th.......................... Moses Robinson.... Oct. 17, 1791 Mar. 3, 1797 Res. Oct. 15, 1796.
4th-7th......................... Isaac Tichenor.... Oct. 18, 1796 Mar. 3, 1803 Res. Oct. 17, 1797.
5th-7th......................... Nathaniel Chipman. Oct. 17, 1797 Do. ......................
8th-10th........................ Israel Smith...... Mar. 4, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. Oct. 1, 1807.
10th-13th....................... Jonathan Robinson. Oct. 10, 1807 Mar. 3, 1815 ......................
14th-16th....................... Issac Tichenor.... Mar. 4, 1815 Mar. 3, 1821 ......................
17th-22d........................ Horatio Seymour... Mar. 4, 1821 Mar. 3, 1833 ......................
23d-25th........................ Benjamin Swift.... Mar. 4, 1833 Mar. 3, 1839 ......................
26th-31st....................... Samuel S. Phelps.. Mar. 4, 1839 Mar. 3, 1851 ......................
32d-40th........................ Solomon Foot...... Mar. 4, 1851 Mar. 3, 1869 Died Mar. 28, 1866.
39th............................ George F. Edmunds. Apr. 3, 1866 Oct. 23, 1866 By gov., to fill vac.
39th-52d........................ ......do.......... Oct. 24, 1866 Mar. 3, 1893 Res. Nov. 1, 1891.
52d............................. Redfield Proctor.. Nov. 2, 1891 Oct. 18, 1892 By gov., to fill vac.
52d-61st........................ ......do.......... Oct. 19, 1892 Mar. 3, 1911 Died Mar. 4, 1908.
60th............................ John W. Stewart... Mar. 24, 1908 Oct. 20, 1908 By gov., to fill vac.
60th-67th....................... Carroll S. Page... Oct. 21, 1908 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-73d........................ Frank L. Greene... Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1935 Died Dec. 17, 1930.
71st-72d........................ Frank C. Partridge Dec. 23, 1930 Mar. 31, 1931 By gov., to fill vac.
72d-79th........................ Warren R. Austin.. Apr. 1, 1931 Jan. 2, 1947 Res. Aug. 2, 1946.
79th............................ Ralph E. Flanders. Nov. 1, 1946 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
80th-85th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-94th....................... Winston L. Prouty. Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 Died Sept. 10, 1971.
92d............................. Robert T. Stafford Sept. 16, 1971 Jan. 7, 1972 By gov., to fill vac.
92d-100th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 7, 1972 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-109th..................... James M. Jeffords. Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-118th..................... Bernard Sanders... Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2d-3d........................... Stephen R. Bradley Oct. 17, 1791 Mar. 3, 1795 ......................
4th-6th......................... Elijah Paine...... Mar. 4, 1795 Mar. 3, 1802 Res. Sept. 1, 1801.
7th-12th........................ Stephen R. Bradley Oct. 15, 1801 Mar. 3, 1813 ......................
13th-15th....................... Dudley Chase...... Mar. 4, 1813 Mar. 3, 1819 Res. Nov. 3, 1817.
15th............................ James Fisk........ Nov. 4, 1817 Do. Res. Jan. 8, 1818.
15th-18th....................... William A. Palmer. Oct. 20, 1818 Mar. 3, 1825 ......................
19th-21st....................... Dudley Chase...... Mar. 4, 1825 Mar. 3, 1831 ......................
[[Page 643]]
VERMONT--Continued
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22d-27th........................ Samuel Prentiss... Mar. 4, 1831 Mar. 3, 1843 Res. Apr. 11, 1842.
27th............................ Samuel C. Crafts.. Apr. 23, 1842 Oct. 25, 1842 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Oct. 26, 1842 Mar. 3, 1843 ......................
28th-33d........................ William Upham..... Mar. 4, 1843 Mar. 3, 1855 Died Jan. 14, 1853.
32d-33d......................... Samuel S. Phelps.. Jan. 17, 1853 Mar. 16, 1854 (\1\)
33d............................. Lawrence Brainerd. Oct. 14, 1854 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-39th....................... Jacob Collamer.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1867 Died Nov. 9, 1865.
39th............................ Luke P. Poland.... Nov. 21, 1865 Oct. 23, 1866 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ ......do.......... Oct. 24, 1866 Mar. 3, 1867 ......................
40th-57th....................... Justin S. Morrill. Mar. 4, 1867 Mar. 3, 1903 Died Dec. 28, 1898.
55th-56th....................... Jonathan Ross..... Jan. 11, 1899 Oct. 17, 1900 By gov., to fill vac.
56th-69th....................... William P. Oct. 18, 1900 Mar. 3, 1927 Died July 12, 1923.\2\
Dillingham.
68th-75th....................... Porter H. Dale.... Nov. 6, 1923 Jan. 2, 1939 Died Oct. 6, 1933.\3\
73d............................. Ernest W. Gibson.. Nov. 21, 1933 Jan. 16, 1934 By gov., to fill vac.
73d-78th........................ ......do.......... Jan. 17, 1934 Jan. 2, 1945 Died June 20, 1940.
76th............................ Ernest W. Gibson, June 24, 1940 Jan. 2, 1941 By gov., to fill vac.
Jr..
77th-93d........................ George D. Aiken... Jan. 10, 1941 Jan. 2, 1975 (\4\)
94th-117th...................... Patrick J. Leahy.. Jan. 3, 1975 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\By governor, to fill vacancy. By resolution of Senate, Mar. 16, 1854, declared not entitled to retain his
seat. Vacancy from Mar. 16 to Oct. 13, 1854.
\2\Vacancy from July 13 to Nov. 5, 1923.
\3\Vacancy from Oct. 7 to Nov. 20, 1933.
\4\Elected Nov. 5, 1940, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1945. Took oath Jan. 10, 1941. Governor during
interim.
See footnotes at end of Virginia table.
1895 1896
VIRGINIA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st............................. William Grayson... Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1791 Died Mar. 12, 1790.
Do............................ John Walker....... Mar. 31, 1790 Nov. 9, 1790 By gov., to fill vac.
1st-4th......................... James Monroe...... Nov. 9, 1790 Mar. 3, 1797 Res. May 27, 1794.
3d-10th......................... Stevens T. Mason.. Nov. 18, 1794 Mar. 3, 1809 Died May 10, 1803.
8th............................. John Taylor....... June 4, 1803 Dec. 7, 1803 By gov., to fill vac.
8th-10th........................ Abraham B. Venable Dec. 7, 1803 Mar. 3, 1809 Res. June 7, 1804.
8th............................. William B. Giles.. Aug. 11, 1804 Dec. 4, 1804 By gov., to fill vac.
8th-10th........................ Andrew Moore...... Dec. 4, 1804 Mar. 3, 1809 ......................
11th-13th....................... Richard Brent..... Mar. 4, 1809 Mar. 3, 1815 Died Dec. 30, 1814.
13th-19th....................... James C. Barbour.. Jan. 2, 1815 Mar. 3, 1827 Res. Mar. 27, 1825.
19th............................ John Randolph..... Dec. 9, 1825 Do. ......................
20th-25th....................... John Tyler........ Mar. 4, 1827 Mar. 3, 1839 Res. Feb. 29, 1836.
24th-25th....................... William C. Rives.. Mar. 4, 1836 Do. ......................
26th-28th....................... ......do.......... Jan. 18, 1841 Mar. 3, 1845 (\1\)
29th-31st....................... Isaac S. Dec. 3, 1845 Mar. 3, 1851 Died Jan. 12, 1847.
Pennybacker.
29th-37th....................... James M. Mason.... Jan. 21, 1847 Mar. 3, 1863 (\2\)
37th............................ Waitman T. Willey. July 9, 1861 Do. (\3\)
38th-40th....................... Lemuel J. Bowden.. Mar. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 (\4\)
41st-43d........................ John F. Lewis..... Jan. 26, 1870 Mar. 3, 1875 (\5\)
44th-46th....................... Robert E. Withers. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... William Mahone.... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-64th....................... John W. Daniel.... Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1917 Died June 29, 1910.
61st............................ Claude A. Swanson. Aug. 1, 1910 Mar. 3, 1911 By gov., to fill vac.
62d............................. ......do.......... Mar. 4, 1911 Jan. 23, 1912 Do.
62d-73d......................... ......do.......... Jan. 24, 1912 Jan. 2, 1935 Res. Mar. 3, 1933.
73d............................. Harry Flood Byrd.. Mar. 4, 1933 Nov. 7, 1933 By gov., to fill vac.
73d-91st........................ ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1933 Jan. 2, 1971 Res. Nov. 10, 1965.
89th............................ Harry Flood Byrd, Nov. 12, 1965 Nov. 8, 1966 By gov., to fill vac.
Jr..
89th-97th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 8, 1966 Jan. 2, 1983 ......................
98th-100th...................... Paul S. Trible, Jan. 3, 1983 Jan. 2, 1989
Jr..
101st-106th..................... Charles S. Robb... Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-109th..................... George Allen...... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2007 ......................
110th-112th..................... Jim Webb.......... Jan. 3, 2007 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Tim Kaine......... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
[[Page 644]]
VIRGINIA--Continued
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1st-2d.......................... Richard Henry Lee. Mar. 4, 1789 Mar. 3, 1793 Res. Oct. 8, 1792.
2d-5th.......................... John Taylor....... Oct. 18, 1792 Mar. 3, 1799 Res. May 11, 1794.
3d-5th.......................... Henry Tazewell.... Nov. 18, 1794 Do. Died Jan. 24, 1799.
6th-8th......................... Wilson C. Nicholas Dec. 5, 1799 Mar. 3, 1805 Res. May 22, 1804.
8th............................. Andrew Moore...... Aug. 11, 1804 Dec. 4, 1804 By gov., to fill vac.
8th-14th........................ William B. Giles.. Dec. 4, 1804 Mar. 3, 1817 Res. Mar. 3, 1815.
14th............................ Armistead T. Mason Jan. 3, 1816 Do. ......................
15th-17th....................... John W. Eppes..... Mar. 4, 1817 Mar. 3, 1823 Res. Dec. 4, 1819.
16th-17th....................... James Pleasants... Dec. 10, 1819 Do. Res. Dec. 15, 1822.
17th-20th....................... John Taylor....... Dec. 18, 1822 Mar. 3, 1829 Died Aug. 20, 1824.
18th-23d........................ Littleton W. Dec. 7, 1824 Mar. 3, 1835 Res. July 16, 1832.
Tazewell.
22d-23d......................... William C. Rives.. Dec. 10, 1832 Do. Res. Feb. 22, 1834.
23d-26th........................ Benjamin W. Leigh. Feb. 26, 1834 Mar. 3, 1841 Res. July 4, 1836.
24th-26th....................... Richard E. Parker. Dec. 12, 1836 Do. Res. Mar. 13, 1837.
25th-26th....................... William H. Roane.. Mar. 14, 1837 Do. ......................
27th-29th....................... William S. Archer. Mar. 4, 1841 Mar. 3, 1847 ......................
30th-38th....................... Robert M. T. Mar. 4, 1847 Mar. 3, 1865 (\6\)
Hunter.
37th-38th....................... John S. Carlile... July 9, 1861 Do. (\7\)
41st............................ John W. Johnston.. Jan. 26, 1870 Mar. 3, 1871 (\8\)
42d-47th........................ ......do.......... Mar. 15, 1871 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-50th....................... Harrison H. Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1889 ......................
Riddleberger.
51st-53d........................ John S. Barbour, Mar. 4, 1889 Mar. 3, 1895 Died May 14, 1892.
Jr..
52d-53d......................... Eppa Hunton....... May 28, 1892 Dec. 19, 1893 By gov., to fill vac.
53d............................. ......do.......... Dec. 20, 1893 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-66th....................... Thomas S. Martin.. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1925 Died Nov. 12, 1919.
66th............................ Carter Glass...... Feb. 2, 1919 Nov. 2, 1920 (\9\)
66th-80th....................... ......do.......... Nov. 3, 1920 Jan. 2, 1949 Died May 28, 1946.
79th............................ Thomas G. Burch... May 31, 1946 Nov. 5, 1946 By gov., to fill vac.
79th-89th....................... A. Willis Nov. 6, 1946 Jan. 2, 1967 Res. Dec. 30, 1966.
Robertson.
89th-92d........................ William B. Spong, Dec. 31, 1966 Jan. 2, 1973 (\10\)
Jr..
93d-95th........................ William L. Scott.. Jan. 3, 1973 Jan. 2, 1979 Res. Jan. 1, 1979.
96th-110th...................... John W. Warner.... Jan. 2, 1979 Jan. 2, 2009 (\11\)
111th-116th..................... Mark R. Warner.... Jan. 3, 2009 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Vacancy in this class from Mar. 4, 1839, to Jan. 17, 1841.
\2\Withdrew from Senate Mar. 28, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Mar. 28 to
July 8, 1861.
\3\By legislature, to fill vacancy.
\4\Died Jan. 2, 1864. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Jan. 2, 1864, to Jan. 26, 1870, when Virginia was
readmitted to representation.
\5\By legislature, to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1869. Seated Jan. 27, 1870.
\6\Withdrew from Senate Mar. 28, 1861. Expelled July 11, 1861. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Mar. 28 to
July 8, 1861.
\7\By legislature to fill vacancy. Because of Civil War, vacancy from Mar. 4, 1865, to Jan. 26, 1870, when
Virginia was readmitted to representation.
\8\By legislature to fill vacancy in term beginning Mar. 4, 1865. Seated Jan. 28, 1870.
\9\Appointed by governor. Took oath Feb. 2, 1920. Secretary of Treasury during interim. Vacancy from Nov. 12,
1919, to Feb. 1, 1920.
\10\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1967; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1967.
\11\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1979.
See footnotes at end of Washington table.
1897 1898
WASHINGTON
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................ John B. Allen..... Nov. 20, 1889 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ John L. Wilson.... Feb. 19, 1895 Mar. 3, 1899 (\1\)
56th-58th....................... Addison G. Foster. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
59th-61st....................... Samuel H. Piles... Mar. 4, 1905 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-67th........................ Miles Poindexter.. Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-73d........................ Clarence C. Dill.. Mar. 4, 1923 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... Lewis B. Jan. 3, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 Res. Dec. 16, 1940.
Schwellenbach.
76th-79th....................... Mon C. Wallgren... Dec. 19, 1940 Jan. 2, 1947 (\2\)
79th............................ Hugh B. Mitchell.. Jan. 10, 1945 Do. (\3\)
79th-82nd....................... Harry P. Cain..... Dec. 26, 1946 Jan. 2, 1953 (\4\)
83d-98th........................ Henry M. Jackson.. Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1989 Died Sept. 1, 1983.
98th............................ Daniel J. Evans... Sept. 8, 1983 Nov. 8, 1983 By gov., to fill vac.
[[Page 645]]
98th-100th...................... ......do.......... Nov. 8, 1983 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-106th..................... Slade Gorton...... Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2001 ......................
107th-118th..................... Maria Cantwell.... Jan. 3, 2001 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-54th....................... Watson C. Squire.. Nov. 20, 1889 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-57th....................... George Turner..... Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1903 ......................
58th-60th....................... Levi Ankeny....... Mar. 4, 1903 Mar. 3, 1909 ......................
61st-72d........................ Wesley L. Jones... Mar. 4, 1909 Mar. 3, 1933 Died Nov. 19, 1932.
72d............................. Elijah S. Grammer. Nov. 22, 1932 Do. By gov., to fill vac.
73d-78th........................ Homer T. Bone..... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1945 Res. Nov. 13, 1944.
78th-96th....................... Warren G. Magnuson Dec. 14, 1944 Jan. 2, 1981 (\5\)
97th-99th....................... Slade Gorton...... Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1987 ......................
100th-102d...................... Brock Adams....... Jan 3, 1987 Jan. 2, 1993
103d-117th...................... Patty Murray...... Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893, to Feb. 18, 1895, because of failure of legislature to elect. John B. Allen was
appointed by governor Mar. 10, 1893, to fill vacancy, but by Senate resolution of Aug. 28, 1893, was declared
not entitled to a seat. Wilson was elected Feb. 1, 1895, but served in House during interim.
\2\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1941; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1941. Resigned Jan. 10, 1945.
\3\ By governor, to fill vacancy. Resigned Dec. 25, 1946.
\4\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1947; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1947.
\5\ Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1945; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1945.
See footnotes at end of West Virginia table.
1899 1900
WEST VIRGINIA
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-40th....................... Peter G. Van Aug. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
Winkle.
41st-43d........................ Arthur I. Boreman. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
44th-46th....................... Allen T. Caperton. Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 Died July 26, 1876.
44th............................ Samuel Price...... Aug. 26, 1876 Jan. 26, 1877 By gov., to fill vac.
44th-46th....................... Frank Hereford.... Jan. 31, 1877 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-49th....................... Johnson N. Camden. Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1887 ......................
50th-55th....................... Charles J. Mar. 4, 1887 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
Faulkner.
56th-61st....................... Nathan B. Scott... Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1911 ......................
62d-64th........................ William E. Chilton Mar. 4, 1911 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-67th....................... Howard Sutherland. Mar. 4, 1917 Mar. 3, 1923 ......................
68th-70th....................... Matthew M. Neely.. Mar. 4, 1923 Mar. 3, 1929 ......................
71st-73d........................ Henry D. Hatfield. Mar. 4, 1929 Jan. 2, 1935 ......................
74th-76th....................... Rush D. Holt...... June 21, 1935 Jan. 2, 1941 (\1\)
77th-85th....................... Harley M. Kilgore. Jan. 3, 1941 Jan. 2, 1959 Died Feb. 28, 1956.
84th............................ William R. Laird Mar. 13, 1956 Nov. 6, 1956 By gov., to fill vac.
III.
85th............................ Chapman Revercomb. Nov. 7, 1956 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-112th...................... Robert C. Byrd.... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 2013 Died June 28, 2010.
111th........................... Carte Goodwin..... July 16, 2010 Nov. 15, 2010 By gov., to fill vac.
111th-118th..................... Joe Manchin....... Nov. 15, 2010 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
38th-41st....................... Waitman T. Willey. Aug. 4, 1863 Mar. 3, 1871 ......................
42d-47th........................ Henry G. Davis.... Mar. 4, 1871 Mar. 3, 1883 ......................
48th-53d........................ John E. Kenna..... Mar. 4, 1883 Mar. 3, 1895 Died Jan. 11, 1893.
52d-53d......................... Johnson N. Camden. Jan. 25, 1893 Do. ......................
54th-62d........................ Stephen B. Elkins. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1913 Died Jan. 4, 1911.
61st............................ Davis Elkins...... Jan. 9, 1911 Jan. 31, 1911 By gov., to fill vac.
61st-62d........................ Clarence W. Watson Feb. 1, 1911 Mar. 3, 1913 ......................
63d-65th........................ Nathan Goff....... Apr. 1, 1913 Mar. 3, 1919 (\2\)
66th-68th....................... Davis Elkins...... Mar. 4, 1919 Mar. 3, 1925 ......................
69th-71st....................... Guy D. Goff....... Mar. 4, 1925 Mar. 3, 1931 ......................
[[Page 646]]
WEST VIRGINIA--Continued
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72d-77th........................ Matthew M. Neely.. Mar. 4, 1931 Jan. 2, 1943 Res. Jan. 12, 1941.
77th............................ Joseph Rosier..... Jan. 13, 1941 Nov. 17, 1942 By gov., to fill vac.
Do............................ Hugh Ike Shott.... Nov. 18, 1942 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-80th....................... Chapman Revercomb. Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-86th....................... Matthew M. Neely.. Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1961 Died Jan. 18, 1958.
85th............................ John D. Jan. 25, 1958 Nov. 4, 1958 By gov., to fill vac.
Hoblitzell, Jr..
85th-98th....................... Jennings Randolph. Nov. 5, 1958 Jan. 2, 1985 ......................
99th-113th...................... John D. Jan. 15, 1985 Jan. 2, 2015 (\3\)
Rockefeller IV.
114th-116th..................... Shelley Moore Jan. 3, 2015 Jan. 2, 2021 ......................
Capito.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Elected Nov. 6, 1934, but not having reached the age required by the Constitution, did not take his seat
until June 21, 1935.
\2\ Elected to term commencing Mar. 4, 1913. Seated Apr. 1, 1913. U.S. Circuit Judge during interim.
\3\ Elected to term commencing Jan. 3, 1985. Governor during interim.
1901 1902
WISCONSIN
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-34th....................... Henry Dodge....... June 8, 1848 Mar. 3, 1857 ......................
35th-40th....................... James R. Doolittle Mar. 4, 1857 Mar. 3, 1869 ......................
41st-43d........................ Matthew H. Mar. 4, 1869 Mar. 3, 1875 ......................
Carpenter.
44th-46th....................... Angus Cameron..... Mar. 4, 1875 Mar. 3, 1881 ......................
47th-52d........................ Philetus Sawyer... Mar. 4, 1881 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d-55th........................ John L. Mitchell.. Mar. 4, 1893 Mar. 3, 1899 ......................
56th-58th....................... Joseph V. Quarles. Mar. 4, 1899 Mar. 3, 1905 ......................
59th-70th....................... Robert M. La Jan. 4, 1906 Mar. 3, 1929 (\1\)
Follette.
69th-79th....................... Robert M. La Sept. 30, 1925 Jan. 2, 1947 ......................
Follette, Jr..
80th-85th....................... Joseph R. McCarthy Jan. 3, 1947 Jan. 2, 1959 Died May 2, 1957.
85th-100th...................... William Proxmire.. Aug. 28, 1957 Jan. 2, 1989 ......................
101st-112th..................... Herbert Kohl...... Jan. 3, 1989 Jan. 2, 2013 ......................
113th-118th..................... Tammy Baldwin..... Jan. 3, 2013 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30th-33d........................ Isaac P. Walker... June 8, 1848 Mar. 3, 1855 ......................
34th-36th....................... Charles Durkee.... Mar. 4, 1855 Mar. 3, 1861 ......................
37th-45th....................... Timothy O. Howe... Mar. 4, 1861 Mar. 3, 1879 ......................
46th-48th....................... Matthew H. Mar. 4, 1879 Mar. 3, 1885 Died Feb. 24, 1881.
Carpenter.
47th-48th....................... Angus Cameron..... Mar. 14, 1881 Do. ......................
49th-51st....................... John Coit Spooner. Mar. 4, 1885 Mar. 3, 1891 ......................
52d-54th........................ William F. Vilas.. Mar. 4, 1891 Mar. 3, 1897 ......................
55th-60th....................... John Coit Spooner. Mar. 4, 1897 Mar. 3, 1909 (\2\)
60th-63d........................ Isaac Stephenson.. May 17, 1907 Mar. 3, 1915 ......................
64th-66th....................... Paul O. Husting... Mar. 4, 1915 Mar. 3, 1921 Died Oct. 21, 1917.
65th-69th....................... Irvine L. Lenroot. Apr. 18, 1918 Mar. 3, 1927 (\3\)
70th-72d........................ John J. Blaine.... Mar. 4, 1927 Mar. 3, 1933 ......................
73d-75th........................ F. Ryan Duffy..... Mar. 4, 1933 Jan. 2, 1939 ......................
76th-87th....................... Alexander Wiley... Jan. 3, 1939 Jan. 2, 1963 ......................
88th-96th....................... Gaylord Nelson.... Jan. 8, 1963 Jan. 2, 1981 (\4\)
97th-102d....................... Robert W. Kasten, Jan. 3, 1981 Jan. 2, 1993 ......................
Jr..
103d-111th...................... Russell D. Jan. 3, 1993 Jan. 2, 2011 ......................
Feingold.
112th-117th..................... Ron Johnson....... Jan. 3, 2011 Jan. 2, 2023 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Elected Jan. 25, 1905. Took oath Jan. 4, 1906. Governor during interim. Died June 18, 1925. Vacancy from June
19 to Sept. 29, 1925.
\2\Resigned Mar. 2, 1907, to take effect Apr. 30, 1907.
\3\Elected Apr. 2, 1918. Seated Apr. 18, 1918. Representative during interim. Vacancy from Oct. 22, 1917, to
Apr. 1, 1918.
\4\Waived compensation Jan. 3-7, 1963, while governor of state.
[[Page 647]]
1903 1904
WYOMING
Class 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commencement of Expiration of
Congress Name of Senator term term Remarks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-52d........................ Francis E. Warren. Nov. 24, 1890 Mar. 3, 1893 ......................
53d............................. .................. ................ ................ (\1\)
53d-64th........................ Clarence D. Clark. Jan. 23, 1895 Mar. 3, 1917 ......................
65th-73d........................ John B. Kendrick.. Mar. 4, 1917 Jan. 2, 1935 Died Nov. 3, 1933.
73d............................. Joseph C. Jan. 1, 1934 Nov. 6, 1934 By gov., to fill
O'Mahoney. vac.\2\
73d-82d......................... ......do.......... Nov. 7, 1934 Jan. 2, 1953 ......................
83d-85th........................ Frank A. Barrett.. Jan. 3, 1953 Jan. 2, 1959 ......................
86th-94th....................... Gale W. McGee..... Jan. 3, 1959 Jan. 2, 1977 ......................
95th-103d....................... Malcolm Wallop.... Jan. 3, 1977 Jan. 2, 1995 ......................
104th-112th..................... Craig Thomas...... Jan. 3, 1995 Jan. 2, 2013 Died June 4, 2007.
110th........................... John Barrasso..... June 22, 2007 Nov. 4, 2008 By gov., to fill vac.
110th-118th..................... ......do.......... Nov. 5, 2008 Jan. 2, 2025 ......................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Class 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51st-53d........................ Joseph M. Carey... Nov. 15, 1890 Mar. 3, 1895 ......................
54th-71st....................... Francis E. Warren. Mar. 4, 1895 Mar. 3, 1931 Died Nov. 24, 1929.
71st............................ Patrick J. Dec. 5, 1929 Nov. 30, 1930 By gov., to fill vac.
Sullivan.
71st-74th....................... Robert D. Carey... Dec. 1, 1930 Jan. 2, 1937 ......................
75th-77th....................... Henry H. Schwartz. Jan. 3, 1937 Jan. 2, 1943 ......................
78th-80th....................... E. V. Robertson... Jan. 3, 1943 Jan. 2, 1949 ......................
81st-83d........................ Lester C. Hunt.... Jan. 3, 1949 Jan. 2, 1955 Died June 19, 1954.
83d............................. Edward D. Crippa.. June 24, 1954 Nov. 28, 1954 By gov., to fill vac.
83d-86th........................ Joseph C. Nov. 29, 1954 Jan. 2, 1961 (\3\)
O'Mahoney.
87th-89th....................... John Joseph Hickey Jan. 3, 1961 Nov. 6, 1962 By gov., to fill
vac.\4\
87th-89th....................... Milward L. Simpson Nov. 7, 1962 Jan. 2, 1967 ......................
90th-95th....................... Clifford P. Hansen Jan. 3, 1967 Jan. 2, 1979 Res. Dec. 31, 1978.
96th-104th...................... Alan K. Simpson... Jan. 1, 1979 Jan. 2, 1997 (\5\)
105th-116th..................... Michael B. Enzi... Jan. 3, 1997 Jan. 2, 2021
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Asahel C. Beckwith appointed by governor. Credentials presented to Senate Mar. 15, 1893, but did not qualify.
On July 11, 1893, Mr. Beckwith resigned. Vacancy from Mar. 4, 1893 to Jan. 23, 1895, because of failure of
legislature to elect.
\2\Appointed Dec. 18, 1933, but continued to serve as First Assistant Postmaster General through Dec. 31, 1933.
Vacancy from Nov. 4 to Dec. 31, 1933.
\3\Elected Nov. 2, 1954, to fill vacancy in term ending Jan. 2, 1955, and to full term ending Jan. 2, 1961.
\4\Keith Thomson, who had been elected Nov. 8, 1960, to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1961, died Dec. 9, 1960,
prior to taking the oath of office.
\5\Elected to full term commencing Jan. 3, 1979; subsequently appointed by governor to fill vacancy in term
ending Jan. 2, 1979.
[[Page 649]]
[1905]
____________________________________________________________
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SENATORS OF THE UNITED STATES
____________________________________________________________
A
Abbott, Joseph C.; NC................................. 1869
Abdnor, James; SD..................................... 1886
Abel, Hazel H.; NE.................................... 1858
Abourezk, James; SD................................... 1885
Abraham, Spencer; MI.................................. 1847
Adair, John; KY....................................... 1838
Adams, Alva B.; CO.................................... 1816
Adams, Brock; WA...................................... 1898
Adams, John Quincy; MA................................ 1845
Adams, Robert H.; MS.................................. 1852
Adams, Stephen; MI.................................... 1851
Aiken, George D.; VT.................................. 1894
Akaka, Daniel K.; HI.................................. 1825
Alcorn, James L.; MS.................................. 1852
Aldrich, Nelson W.; RI................................ 1881
Alexander, Lamar; TN.................................. 1888
Alger, Russell A.; MI................................. 1848
Allard, Wayne; CO..................................... 1815
Allee, James F.; DE................................... 1820
Allen, George; VA..................................... 1895
Allen, Henry J.; KS................................... 1836
Allen, James B.; AL................................... 1806
Allen, John B.; WA.................................... 1897
Allen, Maryon Pittman; AL............................. 1806
Allen, Philip; RI..................................... 1882
Allen, William; OH.................................... 1874
Allen, William V.; NE................................. 1857
Allison, William B.; IA............................... 1834
Allott, Gordon; CO.................................... 1815
Ames, Adelbert; MS.................................... 1851
Anderson, Alexander; TN............................... 1888
Anderson, Clinton P.; NM.............................. 1866
Anderson, Joseph;
TN............................................1887, 1888
Anderson, Wendell R.; MN.............................. 1850
Andrews, Charles O.; FL............................... 1821
Andrews, Mark; ND..................................... 1872
Ankeny, Levi; WA...................................... 1898
Anthony, Henry B.; RI................................. 1882
Archer, William S.; VA................................ 1896
Armstrong, David H.; MO............................... 1854
Armstrong, John;
NY............................................1867, 1868
Armstrong, William L.; CO............................. 1815
Arnold, Samuel G.; RI................................. 1881
Ashcroft, John; MO.................................... 1853
Ashley, Chester; AR................................... 1811
Ashmun, Eli P.; MA.................................... 1845
Ashurst, Henry Fountain; AZ........................... 1809
Atchison, David R.; MO................................ 1854
Atherton, Charles G.; NH..........................1861, 1862
Austin, Warren R.; VT................................. 1893
Ayotte, Kelly; NH..................................... 1862
B
Bachman, Nathan L.; TN................................ 1888
Bacon, Augustus O.; GA................................ 1823
Badger, George E.; NC................................. 1870
Bagby, Arthur P.; AL.................................. 1806
Bailey, James E.; TN.................................. 1887
Bailey, Joseph W.; TX................................. 1890
Bailey, Josiah W.; NC................................. 1869
Bailey, Theodorus; NY................................. 1867
Baird, David; NJ...................................... 1864
Baird, David, Jr.; NJ................................. 1864
Baker, David J.; IL................................... 1829
Baker, Edward D.; OR.................................. 1877
Baker, Howard H., Jr.; TN............................. 1888
Baker, Lucien; KS..................................... 1835
Baldwin, Abraham; GA.................................. 1823
Baldwin, Henry P.; MI................................. 1847
Baldwin, Raymond E.; CT............................... 1817
Baldwin, Roger S.; CT................................. 1817
Baldwin, Tammy; WI.................................... 1901
Ball, Joseph H.; MN................................... 1850
Ball, L. Heisler; DE..............................1819, 1820
Bankhead, John H.; AL................................. 1805
Bankhead, John H., 2d; AL............................. 1805
Barbour, James C.; VA................................. 1895
Barbour, John S., Jr.; VA............................. 1896
Barbour, W. Warren; NJ............................1863, 1864
Bard, Thomas R.; CA................................... 1813
Barkley, Alben W.; KY.............................1837, 1838
Barkley, Dean; MN..................................... 1850
Barnard, Isaac D.; PA................................. 1879
Barnum, William H.; CT................................ 1818
Barnwell, Robert W.; SC............................... 1883
Barrasso, John; WY.................................... 1903
[[Page 650]]
Barrett, Frank A.; WY................................. 1903
Barrow, Alexander; LA................................. 1839
Barrow, Pope; GA...................................... 1823
Barry, Alexander G.; OR............................... 1878
Barry, William T.; KY................................. 1837
Bartlett, Dewey F.; OK................................ 1875
Bartlett, E. L.; AK................................... 1807
Barton, David; MO..................................... 1854
Bass, Ross; TN........................................ 1888
Bassett, Richard; DE.................................. 1820
Bate, William B.; TN.................................. 1887
Bateman, Ephraim; NJ.................................. 1863
Bates, Isaac C.; MA................................... 1846
Bates, Martin W.; DE.................................. 1820
Baucus, Max; MT....................................... 1856
Bayard, James A., Jr.; DE............................. 1819
Bayard, James A., Sr.; DE............................. 1820
Bayard, Richard H.; DE................................ 1819
Bayard, Thomas F., Jr.; DE............................ 1819
Bayard, Thomas F., Sr.; DE............................ 1819
Bayh, Birch; IN....................................... 1832
Bayh, Evan; IN........................................ 1832
Beall, J. Glenn; MD................................... 1843
Beall, J. Glenn, Jr.; MD.............................. 1843
Beck, James B.; KY.................................... 1837
Beckham, John C. W.; KY............................... 1838
Beckwith, Asahel C.; WY \1\........................... 1903
\1\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
Begich, Mark; AK...................................... 1807
Bell, Charles H.; NH.................................. 1862
Bell, James; NH....................................... 1862
Bell, John; TN........................................ 1888
Bell, Samuel; NH...................................... 1861
Bellmon, Henry; OK.................................... 1876
Bender, George H.; OH................................. 1874
Benet, Christie; SC................................... 1883
Benjamin, Judah P.; LA................................ 1839
Bennet, Michael; CO................................... 1816
Bennett, Robert F.; UT................................ 1892
Bennett, Wallace F.; UT............................... 1892
Benson, Alfred W.; KS................................. 1835
Benson, Elmer A.; MN.................................. 1850
Benton, Thomas H.; MO................................. 1853
Benton, William; CT................................... 1817
Bentsen, Lloyd M., Jr.; TX............................ 1889
Berrien, John M.; GA..............................1823, 1824
Berry, George L.; TN.................................. 1888
Berry, James H.; AR................................... 1811
Betts, Thaddeus; CT................................... 1817
Beveridge, Albert J.; IN.............................. 1831
Bibb, George M.; KY................................... 1837
Bibb, William W.; GA.................................. 1823
Bible, Alan; NV....................................... 1860
Biden, Joseph R., Jr.; DE............................. 1820
Biggs, Asa; NC........................................ 1870
Bigler, William; PA................................... 1880
Bilbo, Theodore G.; MS................................ 1851
Bingaman, Jeff; NM.................................... 1865
Bingham, Hiram; CT.................................... 1818
Bingham, Kinsley S.; MI............................... 1848
Bingham, William; PA.................................. 1880
Black, Hugo; AL....................................... 1806
Black, John; MS....................................... 1851
Blackburn, Joseph C.S.; KY........................1837, 1838
Blackburn, Marsha; TN...................................1887
Blaine, James G.; ME.................................. 1842
Blaine, John J.; WI................................... 1902
Blair, Francis P.; MO................................. 1854
Blair, Henry W.; NH................................... 1862
Blakley, William A.; TX...........................1889, 1890
Blanchard, Newton C.; LA.............................. 1840
Blease, Coleman L.; SC................................ 1883
Bledsoe, Jesse; KY.................................... 1838
Blodgett, Rufus; NJ................................... 1863
Bloodworth, Timothy; NC............................... 1870
Blount, William; TN................................... 1888
Blumenthal, Richard; CT............................... 1818
Blunt, Roy; MO........................................ 1854
Boardman, Elijah; CT.................................. 1817
Boggs, J. Caleb; DE................................... 1820
Bogy, Lewis V.; MO.................................... 1854
Bond, Christopher S.; MO.............................. 1854
Bone, Homer T.; WA.................................... 1898
Booker, Cory A.; NJ................................... 1864
Booth, Newton; CA..................................... 1813
Boozman, John; AR..................................... 1812
Borah, William E.; ID................................. 1827
Boreman, Arthur I.; WV................................ 1899
Boren, David L.; OK................................... 1875
Borland, Solon; AR.................................... 1812
Boschwitz, Rudy; MN................................... 1850
Bottum, Joe H.; SD.................................... 1886
Bouligny, Dominique; LA............................... 1839
Bourne, Jonathan, Jr.; OR............................. 1877
Boutwell, George S.; MA............................... 1846
Bowden, Lemuel L.; VA................................. 1895
Bowen, Thomas M.; CO.................................. 1815
Bowring, Eva; NE...................................... 1858
Boxer, Barbara; CA.................................... 1814
Bradbury, James W.; ME................................ 1842
Bradford, William; RI................................. 1882
Bradley, Bill; NJ..................................... 1864
Bradley, Stephen R.; VT............................... 1894
Bradley, William O.; KY............................... 1838
Brady, James H.; ID................................... 1828
Brady, Nicholas F.; NJ................................ 1863
Bragg, Thomas; NC..................................... 1869
Brainerd, Lawrence; VT................................ 1894
Branch, John; NC...................................... 1869
[[Page 651]]
Brandegee, Frank B.; CT............................... 1818
Bratton, Sam G.; NM................................... 1866
Braun, Mike; IN....................................... 1831
Breaux, John B.; LA................................... 1840
Breckinridge, John; KY................................ 1838
Breckinridge, John C.; KY............................. 1838
Breese, Sidney; IL.................................... 1830
Brent, Richard; VA.................................... 1895
Brewster, Daniel B.; MD............................... 1844
Brewster, Ralph O.; ME................................ 1841
Brice, Calvin S.; OH.................................. 1874
Bricker, John W.; OH.................................. 1873
Bridges, Styles; NH................................... 1861
Briggs, Frank O.; NJ.................................. 1864
Briggs, Frank P.; MO.................................. 1853
Bright, Jesse D.; IN.................................. 1831
Bristow, Joseph L.; KS................................ 1836
Brock, William E.; TN................................. 1888
Brock, William E., III; TN............................ 1887
Broderick, David C.; CA............................... 1813
Brodhead, Richard; PA................................. 1879
Brooke, Edward W.; MA................................. 1846
Brooke, Walker; MS.................................... 1852
Brookhart, Smith W.; IA...........................1833, 1834
Brooks, C. Wayland; IL................................ 1829
Broughton, J. Melville; NC............................ 1869
Broussard, Edwin S.; LA............................... 1840
Broussard, Robert F.; LA.............................. 1840
Brown, Albert G.; MS.................................. 1852
Brown, Arthur; UT..................................... 1892
Brown, Bedford; NC.................................... 1869
Brown, B. Gratz; MO................................... 1854
Brown, Ernest S.; NV.................................. 1860
Brown, Ethan A.; OH................................... 1874
Brown, Fred H.; NH.................................... 1862
Brown, Hank; CO....................................... 1815
Brown, James; LA..................................1839, 1840
Brown, John; KY....................................... 1837
Brown, Joseph E.; GA.................................. 1824
Brown, Norris; NE..................................... 1858
Brown, Prentiss M.; MI................................ 1848
Brown, Scott; MA...................................... 1845
Brown, Sherrod; OH.................................... 1873
Brownback, Sam; KS.................................... 1836
Browning, Orville H.; IL.............................. 1829
Brownlow, William G.; TN.............................. 1887
Broyhill, James T.; NC................................ 1870
Bruce, Blanche K.; MS................................. 1851
Bruce, William Cabell; MD............................. 1843
Brunsdale, C. Norman; ND.............................. 1871
Bryan, Nathan P.; FL.................................. 1821
Bryan, Richard H.; NV................................. 1859
Bryan, William J.; FL................................. 1822
Buchanan, James; PA................................... 1880
Buck, C. Douglass; DE................................. 1820
Buckalew, Charles R.; PA.............................. 1879
Buckingham, William A.; CT............................ 1817
Buckley, James L.; NY................................. 1867
Buckner, Alexander; MO................................ 1854
Bulkeley, Morgan G.; CT............................... 1817
Bulkley, Robert J.; OH................................ 1874
Bulloch, William B.; GA............................... 1823
Bulow, William J.; SD................................. 1885
Bumpers, Dale; AR..................................... 1812
Bunker, Berkeley L.; NV............................... 1859
Bunning, Jim; KY...................................... 1838
Burch, Thomas G.; VA.................................. 1896
Burdick, Jocelyn B.; ND............................... 1871
Burdick, Quentin N.; ND............................... 1871
Burke, Edward R.; NE.................................. 1857
Burke, Thomas A.; OH.................................. 1874
Burkett, Elmer J.; NE................................. 1857
Burleigh, Edwin C.; ME................................ 1842
Burnet, Jacob; OH..................................... 1874
Burnham, Henry E.; NH................................. 1861
Burns, Conrad; MT..................................... 1855
Burnside, Ambrose E.; RI.............................. 1881
Burr, Aaron; NY....................................... 1867
Burr, Richard; NC..................................... 1870
Burrill, James, Jr.; RI............................... 1882
Burris, Roland; IL.................................... 1830
Burrows, Julius C.; MI................................ 1847
Bursum, Holm O.; NM................................... 1866
Burton, Harold H.; OH................................. 1873
Burton, Joseph R.; KS................................. 1835
Burton, Theodore E.; OH............................... 1874
Bush, Prescott; CT.................................... 1818
Bushfield, Harlan J.; SD.............................. 1885
Bushfield, Vera C.; SD................................ 1885
Butler, Andrew P.; SC................................. 1884
Butler, Hugh; NE...................................... 1857
Butler, John M.; MD................................... 1844
Butler, Marion; NC.................................... 1869
Butler, Matthew C.; SC................................ 1883
Butler, Pierce; SC................................1883, 1884
Butler, William M.; MA................................ 1845
Byrd, Harry Flood; VA................................. 1895
Byrd, Harry Flood, Jr.; VA............................ 1895
Byrd, Robert C.; WV................................... 1899
Byrnes, James F.; SC.................................. 1883
C
Cabot, George; MA..................................... 1845
Caffery, Donelson; LA................................. 1839
Cain, Harry P.; WA.................................... 1897
Calder, William M.; NY................................ 1867
Caldwell, Alexander; KS............................... 1835
Calhoun, John C.; SC.................................. 1883
Call, Wilkinson; FL................................... 1822
Camden, Johnson N.; WV............................1899, 1900
Camden, Johnson N., Jr.;
KY..................................................1838
[[Page 652]]
Cameron, Angus; WI................................1901, 1902
Cameron, James D.; PA................................. 1880
Cameron, Ralph H.; AZ................................. 1810
Cameron, Simon; PA................................1879, 1880
Campbell, Alexander; OH............................... 1874
Campbell, Ben Nighthorse; CO.......................... 1816
Campbell, George W.; TN...........................1887, 1888
Cannon, Frank J.; UT.................................. 1891
Cannon, Howard W.; NV................................. 1859
Cantwell, Maria; WA................................... 1897
Capehart, Homer E.; IN................................ 1832
Caperton, Allen T.; WV................................ 1899
Capito, Shelley Moore; WV............................. 1900
Capper, Arthur; KS.................................... 1835
Caraway, Mrs. Hattie W.; AR........................... 1812
Caraway, Thaddeus H.; AR.............................. 1812
Cardin, Benjamin; MD.................................. 1843
Carey, Joseph M.; WY.................................. 1904
Carey, Robert D.; WY.................................. 1904
Carlile, John S.; VA.................................. 1896
Carlisle, John G.; KY................................. 1837
Carlson, Frank; KS.................................... 1836
Carmack, Edward W.; TN................................ 1888
Carnahan, Jean; MO.................................... 1853
Carpenter, Matthew H.; WI.........................1901, 1902
Carper, Thomas; DE.................................... 1819
Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton; MD................... 1843
Carroll, John A.; CO.................................. 1816
Carter, Thomas H.; MT.............................1855, 1856
Carville, E.P.; NV.................................... 1859
Case, Clifford P.; NJ................................. 1864
Case, Francis; SD..................................... 1886
Casey, Lyman R.; ND................................... 1871
Casey, Robert P.; PA.................................. 1879
Cass, Lewis; MI....................................... 1847
Casserly, Eugene; CA.................................. 1813
Cassidy, Bill; LA..................................... 1839
Cathcart, Charles W.; IN.............................. 1832
Catron, Thomas B.; NM................................. 1865
Cattell, Alexander G.; NJ............................. 1864
Chace, Jonathan; RI................................... 1882
Chafee, John H.; RI................................... 1881
Chafee, Lincoln D.; RI................................ 1881
Chaffee, Jerome B.; CO................................ 1816
Chalmers, Joseph W.; MS............................... 1852
Chamberlain, George E.; OR............................ 1878
Chambers, Ezekiel F.; MD.............................. 1844
Chambers, Henry H.; AL................................ 1806
Chambliss, Saxby; GA.................................. 1823
Champlin, Christopher G.; RI.......................... 1881
Chandler, Albert B.; KY............................... 1837
Chandler, John; ME.................................... 1842
Chandler, William E.; NH.............................. 1861
Chandler, Zachariah; MI............................... 1847
Chapman, Virgil; KY................................... 1837
Charlton, Robert M.; GA............................... 1823
Chase, Dudley; VT..................................... 1894
Chase, Salmon P.; OH.................................. 1874
Chavez, Dennis; NM.................................... 1865
Cheney, Person C.; NH................................. 1861
Chesnut, James, Jr.; SC............................... 1883
Chilcott, George M.; CO............................... 1815
Chiles, Lawton; FL.................................... 1821
Chilton, Horace; TX...............................1889, 1890
Chilton, William E.; WV............................... 1899
Chipman, Nathaniel; VT................................ 1893
Choate, Rufus; MA..................................... 1845
Christiancy, Isaac P.; MI............................. 1847
Church, Frank; ID..................................... 1828
Cilley, Joseph; NH.................................... 1861
Claiborne, William C.C.; LA........................... 1839
Clapp, Moses E.; MN................................... 1849
Clark, Clarence D.; WY................................ 1903
Clark, D. Worth; ID................................... 1828
Clark, Daniel; NH..................................... 1862
Clark, Dick; IA....................................... 1833
Clark, Joel Bennett; MO............................... 1854
Clark, Joseph S.; PA.................................. 1880
Clark, William A.;
MT............................................1855, 1856
Clarke, James P.; AR.................................. 1812
Clarke, John H.; RI................................... 1882
Clay, Alexander S.; GA................................ 1824
Clay, Clement Claiborne, Jr.; AL...................... 1805
Clay, Clement Comer; AL............................... 1806
Clay, Henry; KY...................................1837, 1838
Clayton, Henry D.; AL \1\............................. 1806
\1\ Appointed by governor, but withdrew.
Clayton, John M.;
DE............................................1819, 1820
Clayton, Joshua; DE................................... 1820
Clayton, Powell; AR................................... 1811
Clayton, Thomas; DE...............................1819, 1820
Cleland, Max; GA........................................1823
Clemens, Jeremiah; AL................................. 1805
Clements, Earle C.; KY................................ 1838
Clingman, Thomas L.; NC............................... 1870
Clinton, De Witt; NY.................................. 1868
Clinton, Hillary; NY.................................. 1867
Coats, Dan; IN........................................ 1832
Cobb, Thomas W.; GA................................... 1823
Coburn, Tom; OK....................................... 1876
Cochran, Thad; MS..................................... 1852
Cocke, William; TN................................1887, 1888
Cockrell, Francis M.; MO.............................. 1853
Cohen, John S.; GA.................................... 1823
[[Page 653]]
Cohen, William S.; ME................................. 1842
Coke, Richard; TX..................................... 1890
Cole, Cornelius; CA................................... 1814
Coleman, Norm; MN..................................... 1850
Colhoun, John E.; SC.................................. 1884
Collamer, Jacob; VT................................... 1894
Collins, Susan M.; ME................................. 1842
Colquitt, Alfred H.; GA............................... 1823
Colquitt, Walter T.; GA............................... 1824
Colt, LeBaron B.; RI.................................. 1882
Comegys, Joseph P.; DE................................ 1820
Comer, Braxton B.; AL................................. 1805
Condit, John; NJ..................................1863, 1864
Conger, Omar D.; MI................................... 1847
Conkling, Roscoe; NY.................................. 1868
Connally, Tom; TX..................................... 1889
Conness, John; CA..................................... 1813
Conover, Simon B.; FL................................. 1822
Conrad, Charles M.; LA................................ 1840
Conrad, Kent;
ND............................................1871, 1872
Cook, Marlow W.; KY................................... 1838
Coolidge, Marcus A.; MA............................... 1846
Coons, Christopher; DE................................ 1820
Cooper, Henry; TN..................................... 1888
Cooper, James; PA..................................... 1880
Cooper, John S.; KY................................... 1837
Copeland, Royal S.; NY................................ 1867
Corbett, Henry W.; OR................................. 1878
Cordon, Guy; OR....................................... 1877
Corker, Robert; TN.................................... 1887
Cornyn, John; TX...................................... 1890
Cortez Masto, Catherine; NV........................... 1860
Corwin, Thomas; OH.................................... 1873
Corzine, John; NJ..................................... 1863
Costigan, Edward P.; CO............................... 1815
Cotton, Norris; NH.................................... 1862
Cotton, Tom; AR....................................... 1811
Couzens, James; MI.................................... 1848
Coverdell, Paul; GA................................... 1824
Cowan, Edgar; PA...................................... 1880
Cowan, William ``Mo''; MA............................. 1846
Crafts, Samuel C.; VT................................. 1894
Cragin, Aaron H.; NH.................................. 1861
Craig, Larry E.; ID................................... 1827
Cramer, Kevin; ND..................................... 1871
Crane, Winthrop M.; MA................................ 1846
Cranston, Alan; CA.................................... 1814
Crapo, Mike; ID....................................... 1828
Crawford, Coe I.; SD.................................. 1886
Crawford, William H.; GA.............................. 1823
Creswell, John A. J.; MD.............................. 1844
Crippa, Edward D.; WY................................. 1904
Crittenden, John J.;
KY............................................1837, 1838
Crow, William E.; PA.................................. 1879
Crozier, Robert; KS................................... 1835
Cruz, Ted; TX......................................... 1889
Culberson, Charles A.; TX............................. 1889
Cullom, Shelby M.; IL................................. 1829
Culver, John C.; IA................................... 1834
Cummins, Albert B.; IA................................ 1834
Curtis, Carl T.; NE................................... 1858
Curtis, Charles;
KS............................................1835, 1836
Cuthbert, Alfred; GA.................................. 1824
Cutting, Bronson; NM.................................. 1865
Cutts, Charles; NH.................................... 1862
D
Daggett, David; CT.................................... 1818
Daines, Steve; MT..................................... 1856
Dale, Porter H.; VT................................... 1894
Dallas, George M.; PA................................. 1879
Dalton, Tristram; MA.................................. 1845
D'Amato, Alfonse M.; NY............................... 1868
Dana, Judah; ME....................................... 1841
Dana, Samuel W.; CT................................... 1817
Danaher, John A.; CT.................................. 1818
Danforth, John C.; MO................................. 1853
Daniel, Charles E.; SC................................ 1883
Daniel, John W.; VA................................... 1895
Daniel, Price; TX..................................... 1889
Darby, Harry; KS...................................... 1836
Daschle, Thomas A.; SD................................ 1886
Davenport, Franklin; NJ............................... 1863
Davis, Cushman K.; MN................................. 1849
Davis, David; IL...................................... 1829
Davis, Garrett; KY.................................... 1838
Davis, Henry G.; WV................................... 1900
Davis, James J.; PA................................... 1880
Davis, Jeff; AR....................................... 1811
Davis, Jefferson; MS.................................. 1851
Davis, John; MA....................................... 1846
Dawes, Henry L.; MA................................... 1845
Dawson, William C.; GA................................ 1824
Dayton, Jonathan; NJ.................................. 1864
Dayton, Mark; MN...................................... 1849
Dayton, William L.; NJ................................ 1863
Deboe, William J.; KY................................. 1838
DeConcini, Dennis; AZ................................. 1809
DeMint, James; SC..................................... 1884
Deneen, Charles S.; IL................................ 1829
Dennis, George R.; MD................................. 1844
Denton, Jeremiah; AL.................................. 1806
Depew, Chauncey M.; NY................................ 1867
DeSaussure, William F.; SC............................ 1883
Destrehan, John N.; LA \1\............................ 1839
\1\ Elected, but did not qualify.
DeWine, Mike; OH...................................... 1873
DeWolf, James; RI..................................... 1881
Dexter, Samuel; MA.................................... 1846
[[Page 654]]
Dial, Nathaniel B.; SC................................ 1883
Dick, Charles W.F.; OH................................ 1873
Dickerson, Mahlon;
NJ............................................1863, 1864
Dickinson, Daniel S.; NY.............................. 1867
Dickinson, L. J.; IA.................................. 1833
Dickinson, Philemon; NJ............................... 1864
Dieterich, William H.; IL............................. 1830
Dietrich, Charles H.; NE.............................. 1857
Dill, Clarence C.; WA................................. 1897
Dillingham, William P.; VT............................ 1894
Dirksen, Everett M.; IL............................... 1830
Dix, John A.; NY...................................... 1868
Dixon, Alan J.; IL.................................... 1830
Dixon, Archibald; KY.................................. 1838
Dixon, James; CT...................................... 1817
Dixon, Joseph M.; MT.................................. 1856
Dixon, Nathan F., 1st; RI............................. 1881
Dixon, Nathan F., 3d; RI.............................. 1882
Dodd, Christopher J.; CT.............................. 1818
Dodd, Thomas J.; CT................................... 1817
Dodge, Augustus C.; IA................................ 1834
Dodge, Henry; WI...................................... 1901
Dole, Elizabeth; NC................................... 1869
Dole, Robert; KS...................................... 1836
Dolliver, Jonathan P.; IA............................. 1833
Dolph, Joseph N.; OR.................................. 1877
Domenici, Pete V.; NM................................. 1866
Dominick, Peter H.; CO................................ 1816
Donahey, Vic; OH...................................... 1873
Donnell, Forrest C.; MO............................... 1854
Donnelly, Joe; IN..................................... 1831
Doolittle, James R.; WI............................... 1901
Dorgan, Byron L.; ND.................................. 1872
Dorsey, Stephen W.; AR................................ 1812
Douglas, Paul H.; IL.................................. 1829
Douglas, Stephen A.; IL............................... 1829
Downey, Sheridan; CA.................................. 1814
Downs, Solomon W.; LA................................. 1839
Doxey, Wall; MS....................................... 1852
Drake, Charles D.; MO................................. 1854
Drew, Irving W.; NH................................... 1862
Dryden, John F.; NJ................................... 1864
Dubois, Fred T.;
ID............................................1827, 1828
Duckworth, Tammy; IL.................................. 1830
Dudley, Charles E.; NY................................ 1867
Duff, James H.; PA.................................... 1880
Duffy, F. Ryan; WI.................................... 1902
Dulles, John Foster; NY............................... 1868
duPont, Henry A.; DE.................................. 1819
duPont, T. Coleman; DE............................1819, 1820
Durbin, Richard J.; IL................................ 1829
Durenberger, David; MN................................ 1849
Durkee, Charles; WI................................... 1902
Durkin, John A., NH................................... 1862
Dworshak, Henry C.; ID................................ 1827
E
Eagleton, Thomas F.; MO............................... 1854
Earle, Joseph H.; SC.................................. 1884
East, John P.; NC..................................... 1870
Eastland, James O.; MS................................ 1852
Eaton, John H.; TN.................................... 1887
Eaton, William W.; CT................................. 1817
Ecton, Zales N.; MT................................... 1855
Edge, Walter E.; NJ................................... 1864
Edgerton, Alonzo J.; MN............................... 1850
Edmondson, J. Howard; OK.............................. 1875
Edmunds, George F.; VT................................ 1893
Edwards, Edward I.; NJ................................ 1863
Edwards, Elaine S.; LA................................ 1839
Edwards, Henry W.; CT................................. 1817
Edwards, John; KY..................................... 1838
Edwards, John; NC..................................... 1870
Edwards, Ninian; IL................................... 1830
Elkins, Davis; WV..................................... 1900
Elkins, Stephen B.; WV................................ 1900
Ellender, Allen J.; LA................................ 1839
Ellery, Christopher; RI............................... 1882
Elliott, John; GA..................................... 1824
Ellis, Powhatan; MS................................... 1851
Ellsworth, Oliver; CT................................. 1817
Elmer, Jonathan; NJ................................... 1863
Elmore, Franklin H.; SC............................... 1883
Engle, Clair; CA...................................... 1813
English, James E.; CT................................. 1818
Ensign, John; NV...................................... 1859
Enzi, Michael B; WY................................... 1904
Eppes, John W.; VA.................................... 1896
Erickson, John E.; MT................................. 1856
Ernst, Joni; IA....................................... 1833
Ernst, Richard P.; KY................................. 1838
Ervin, Sam J., Jr.; NC................................ 1870
Eustis, James B.; LA.................................. 1840
Evans, Daniel J.; WA.................................. 1897
Evans, George; ME..................................... 1842
Evans, Josiah J.; SC.................................. 1883
Evarts, William M.; NY................................ 1868
Everett, Edward; MA................................... 1846
Ewing, Thomas; OH.................................1873, 1874
Ewing, William L.D.; IL............................... 1830
Exon, J.J.; NE........................................ 1858
F
Fair, James G.; NV.................................... 1859
Fairbanks, Charles W.; IN............................. 1832
Faircloth, Lauch; NC.................................. 1870
Fairfield, John; ME................................... 1841
Fall, Albert B.; NM................................... 1866
Fannin, Paul J.; AZ................................... 1809
Farley, James T.; CA.................................. 1814
[[Page 655]]
Farwell, Charles B.; IL............................... 1830
Farwell, Nathan A.; ME................................ 1842
Faulkner, Charles J.; WV.............................. 1899
Feazel, William C.; LA................................ 1840
Feingold, Russell D.; WI.............................. 1902
Feinstein, Dianne; CA................................. 1813
Felch, Alpheus; MI.................................... 1848
Felton, Charles N.; CA................................ 1813
Felton, Mrs. Rebecca L.; GA........................... 1824
Fenner, James; RI..................................... 1882
Fenton, Reuben E.; NY................................. 1867
Ferguson, Homer; MI................................... 1848
Fernald, Bert M.; ME.................................. 1842
Ferris, Woodbridge N.; MI............................. 1847
Ferry, Orris S.; CT................................... 1818
Ferry, Thomas W.; MI.................................. 1848
Fess, Simeon D.; OH................................... 1873
Fessenden, William P.; ME............................. 1842
Few, William; GA...................................... 1823
Field, Richard S.; NJ................................. 1863
Findlay, William; PA.................................. 1879
Finley, Jesse J.; FL \1\.............................. 1821
\1\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
Fischer, Debra; NE.................................... 1857
Fish, Hamilton; NY.................................... 1867
Fisk, James; VT....................................... 1894
Fitch, Graham N.; IN.................................. 1832
Fitzgerald, Peter G.; IL.............................. 1830
Fitzgerald, Thomas; MI................................ 1847
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin; AL.........................1805, 1806
Flake, Jeff; AZ....................................... 1809
Flanagan, James W.; TX................................ 1889
Flanders, Ralph E.; VT................................ 1893
Fletcher, Duncan U.; FL............................... 1822
Flint, Frank P.; CA................................... 1813
Fogg, George G.; NH................................... 1862
Fong, Hiram L.; HI.................................... 1825
Foot, Samuel A.; CT................................... 1817
Foot, Solomon; VT..................................... 1893
Foote, Henry S.; MS................................... 1852
Foraker, Joseph B.; OH................................ 1874
Ford, Wendell H.; KY.................................. 1838
Forsyth, John; GA.................................1823, 1824
Foster, Addison G.; WA................................ 1897
Foster, Dwight; MA.................................... 1846
Foster, Ephraim III; TN............................... 1887
Foster, Henry A.; NY.................................. 1868
Foster, Lafayette S.; CT.............................. 1818
Foster, Murphy J.; LA................................. 1839
Foster, Theodore; RI.................................. 1881
Fowler, Joseph S.; TN................................. 1888
Fowler, Wyche, Jr.; GA................................ 1824
Frahm, Sheila; KS..................................... 1836
France, Joseph I.; MD................................. 1843
Francis, John B.; RI.................................. 1881
Franken, Al; MN....................................... 1850
Franklin, Jesse; NC...............................1869, 1870
Frazier, James B.; TN................................. 1887
Frazier, Lynn J.; ND.................................. 1871
Frear, J. Allen, Jr.; DE.............................. 1820
Frelinghuysen, Frederick; NJ.......................... 1864
Frelinghuysen, Frederick T.; NJ...................1863, 1864
Frelinghuysen, Joseph S.; NJ.......................... 1863
Frelinghuysen, Theodore; NJ........................... 1864
Fremont, John C.; CA.................................. 1813
Frist, William H.; TN................................. 1887
Fromentin, Eligius; LA................................ 1840
Frye, William P.; ME.................................. 1842
Fulbright, J. William; AR............................. 1812
Fulton, Charles W.; OR................................ 1878
Fulton, William S.; AR................................ 1811
G
Gaillard, John; SC.................................... 1884
\1\ Elected but did not qualify.
Gallatin, Albert; PA \1\.............................. 1879
Gallinger, Jacob H.; NH............................... 1862
Gamble, Robert J.; SD................................. 1885
Gambrell, David H.; GA................................ 1823
Gardner, Cory; CO..................................... 1815
Gardner, Obadiah; ME.................................. 1842
Garland, Augustus H.; AR.............................. 1811
Garn, E. J. ``Jake''; UT.............................. 1892
Gary, Frank B.; SC.................................... 1884
Gay, Edward J.; LA.................................... 1840
Gear, John H.; IA..................................... 1833
Gearin, John M.; OR................................... 1877
George, James Z.; MS.................................. 1851
George, Walter F.; GA................................. 1824
German, Obadiah; NY................................... 1867
Gerry, Peter G.; RI................................... 1881
Geyer, Henry S.; MO................................... 1853
Gibson, Charles H.; MD................................ 1844
Gibson, Ernest W.; VT................................. 1894
Gibson, Ernest W., Jr.; VT............................ 1894
Gibson, Paris; MT..................................... 1855
Gibson, Randall L.; LA................................ 1839
Gilbert, Abijah; FL................................... 1821
Giles, William B.; VA.............................1895, 1896
Gillett, Frederick H.; MA............................. 1846
Gillette, Francis; CT................................. 1818
Gillette, Guy M.; IA..............................1833, 1834
Gillibrand, Kirsten; NY............................... 1867
Gilman, Nicholas; NH.................................. 1861
Glass, Carter; VA..................................... 1896
Glass, Frank P.; AL \2\............................... 1806
\2\ Appointed by governor, but did not qualify.
Glenn, John H.; OH.................................... 1874
[[Page 656]]
Glenn, Otis F.; IL.................................... 1830
Goff, Guy D.; WV...................................... 1900
Goff, Nathan; WV...................................... 1900
Goldsborough, Phillips L.; MD......................... 1843
Goldsborough, Robert H.; MD........................... 1844
Goldthwaite, George; AL............................... 1805
Goldwater, Barry; AZ..............................1809, 1810
Goodell, Charles E.; NY............................... 1867
Goodhue, Benjamin; MA................................. 1845
Gooding, Frank R.; ID................................. 1828
Goodrich, Chauncey; CT................................ 1818
Goodwin, Carte; WV.................................... 1899
Gordon, James; MS..................................... 1852
Gordon, John B.; GA................................... 1824
Gore, Albert; TN...................................... 1887
Gore, Albert, Jr.; TN................................. 1888
Gore, Christopher; MA................................. 1845
Gore, Thomas P.; OK...............................1875, 1876
Gorman, Arthur P.; MD.............................1843, 1844
Gorton, Slade; WA.................................1897, 1898
Gossett, Charles C.; ID............................... 1827
Gould, Arthur R.; ME.................................. 1842
Graham, Bob; FL....................................... 1822
Graham, Frank P.; NC.................................. 1869
Graham, Lindsey; SC................................... 1883
Graham, William A.; NC................................ 1870
Gramm, Wm. Philip; TX................................. 1890
Grammer, Elijah S.; WA................................ 1898
Grams, Rod; MN........................................ 1849
Grassley, Charles E.; IA.............................. 1834
Gravel, Mike; AK...................................... 1808
Graves, Mrs. Dixie Bibb; AL........................... 1806
Gray, George; DE...................................... 1819
Grayson, William; VA.................................. 1895
Green, James S.; MO................................... 1854
Green, Theodore F.; RI................................ 1882
Greene, Albert C.; RI................................. 1881
Greene, Frank L.; VT.................................. 1893
Greene, Ray; RI....................................... 1882
Gregg, Andrew; PA..................................... 1880
Gregg, Judd; NH....................................... 1862
Griffin, Robert P.; MI................................ 1848
Grimes, James W.; IA.................................. 1833
Griswold, Dwight; NE.................................. 1858
Griswold, Stanley; OH................................. 1874
Gronna, Asle J.; ND................................... 1872
Groome, James B.; MD.................................. 1844
Grover, LaFayette; OR................................. 1877
Gruening, Ernest; AK.................................. 1808
Grundy, Felix; TN..................................... 1887
Grundy, Joseph R.; PA................................. 1880
Guffey, Joseph F.; PA................................. 1879
Guggenheim, Simon; CO................................. 1815
Guion, Walter; LA..................................... 1840
Gunn, James; GA....................................... 1824
Gurney, Edward J.; FL................................. 1822
Gurney, J. Chandler; SD............................... 1886
Guthrie, James; KY.................................... 1837
Gwin, William M.; CA.................................. 1814
H
Hagan, Kay; NC........................................ 1869
Hagel, Chuck; NE...................................... 1858
Hager, John S.; CA.................................... 1813
Hale, Eugene; ME...................................... 1841
Hale, Frederick; ME................................... 1841
Hale, John P.; NH..................................... 1861
Hall, Wilton E.; SC................................... 1884
Hamilton, Morgan C.; TX............................... 1890
Hamilton, William T.; MD.............................. 1843
Hamlin, Hannibal; ME.................................. 1841
Hammond, James H.; SC................................. 1884
Hampton, Wade; SC..................................... 1884
Hanna, Marcus A.; OH.................................. 1873
Hanna, Robert; IN..................................... 1831
Hannegan, Edward A.; IN............................... 1832
Hansbrough, Henry C.; ND.............................. 1872
Hansen, Clifford P.; WY............................... 1904
Hanson, Alexander C.; MD.............................. 1843
Hardin, Martin D.; KY................................. 1837
Harding, Benjamin F.; OR.............................. 1877
Harding, Warren G.; OH................................ 1874
Hardwick, Thomas W.; GA............................... 1823
Harkin, Thomas R; IA.................................. 1833
Harlan, James; IA..................................... 1834
Harper, Robert G.; MD................................. 1843
Harper, William; SC................................... 1884
Harreld, John W.; OK.................................. 1876
Harris, Fred R.; OK................................... 1875
Harris, Ira; NY....................................... 1868
Harris, Isham G.; TN.................................. 1888
Harris, John S.; LA................................... 1839
Harris, Kamala O.; CA................................. 1814
Harris, William A.; KS................................ 1836
Harris, William J.; GA................................ 1823
Harrison, Benjamin; IN................................ 1831
Harrison, Pat; MS..................................... 1852
Harrison, William H.; OH.............................. 1874
Hart, Gary W.; CO..................................... 1816
Hart, Philip A.; MI................................... 1847
Hart, Thomas C.; CT................................... 1817
Hartke, Vance; IN..................................... 1831
Harvey, James M.; KS.................................. 1835
Haskell, Floyd K.; CO................................. 1815
Hassan, Margaret W.;NH................................ 1862
Hastings, Daniel O.; DE............................... 1820
Hatch, Carl A.; NM.................................... 1866
Hatch, Orrin G.; UT................................... 1891
Hatfield, Henry D.; WV................................ 1899
Hatfield, Mark O.; OR................................. 1877
Hatfield, Paul G.; MT................................. 1856
Hathaway, William D.; ME.............................. 1842
[[Page 657]]
Haun, Henry P.; CA.................................... 1813
Hawes, Harry B.; MO................................... 1854
Hawkes, Albert W.; NJ................................. 1864
Hawkins, Benjamin; NC................................. 1870
Hawkins, Paula; FL.................................... 1822
Hawley, Joseph R.; CT................................. 1817
Hawley, Joshua D.; MO................................. 1853
Hayakawa, S.I.; CA.................................... 1813
Hayden, Carl; AZ...................................... 1810
Hayne, Arthur P.; SC.................................. 1883
Hayne, Robert Y.; SC.................................. 1883
Hayward, Monroe L.; NE................................ 1857
Haywood, William H.; NC............................... 1870
Hearst, George; CA.................................... 1813
Hebert, Felix; RI..................................... 1881
Hecht, Chic; NV....................................... 1859
Heflin, Howell; AL.................................... 1805
Heflin, J. Thomas; AL................................. 1805
Heinrich, Martin; NM.................................. 1865
Heinz, H. John, III; PA............................... 1879
Heiskell, John N.; AR................................. 1811
Heitfeld, Henry; ID................................... 1828
Heitkamp, Heidi; ND................................... 1871
Heller, Dean; NV...................................... 1859
Helms, Jesse; NC...................................... 1869
Hemenway, James A.; IN................................ 1832
Hemphill, John; TX.................................... 1890
Henderson, Charles B.; NV............................. 1860
Henderson, J. Pinckney; TX............................ 1889
Henderson, John; MS................................... 1851
Henderson, John B.; MO................................ 1853
Hendricks, Thomas A.; IN.............................. 1831
Hendricks, William; IN................................ 1832
Hendrickson, Robert C.; NJ............................ 1864
Hennings, Thomas C., Jr.; MO.......................... 1854
Henry, John; MD....................................... 1844
Hereford, Frank; WV................................... 1899
Herring, Clyde L.; IA................................. 1833
Heyburn, Weldon B.; ID................................ 1828
Hickenlooper, Bourke B.; IA........................... 1834
Hickey, John Joseph; WY............................... 1904
Hicks, Thomas H.; MD.................................. 1844
Higgins, Anthony; DE.................................. 1820
Hill, Benjamin H.; GA................................. 1823
Hill, David B.; NY.................................... 1868
Hill, Isaac; NH....................................... 1862
Hill, Joshua; GA...................................... 1824
Hill, Lister; AL...................................... 1806
Hill, Nathaniel P.; CO................................ 1816
Hill, William L.; FL.................................. 1822
Hillhouse, James; CT.................................. 1817
Hindman, William; MD.................................. 1844
Hirono, Mazie; HI..................................... 1825
Hiscock, Frank; NY.................................... 1867
Hitchcock, Gilbert M.; NE............................. 1857
Hitchcock, Herbert E.; SD............................. 1886
Hitchcock, Phineas W.; NE............................. 1858
Hoar, George F.; MA................................... 1846
Hobart, John S.; NY................................... 1867
Hoblitzell, John D., Jr.; WV.......................... 1900
Hodges, Kaneaster, Jr.; AR............................ 1811
Hoeven, John; ND...................................... 1872
Hoey, Clyde R.; NC.................................... 1870
Holland, Spessard L.; FL.............................. 1821
Hollings, Ernest F.; SC............................... 1884
Hollis, Henry F.; NH.................................. 1861
Holman, Rufus C.; OR.................................. 1878
Holmes, David; MS..................................... 1851
Holmes, John; ME...................................... 1841
Holt, Rush D., WV..................................... 1899
Hopkins, Albert J.; IL................................ 1830
Horsey, Outerbridge; DE............................... 1819
Houston, Andrew Jackson; TX........................... 1890
Houston, George S.; AL................................ 1806
Houston, Sam; TX...................................... 1890
Howard, Guy V.; MN.................................... 1850
Howard, Jacob M.; MI.................................. 1848
Howard, John E.; MD................................... 1843
Howe, Timothy O.; WI.................................. 1902
Howell, James B.; IA.................................. 1833
Howell, Jeremiah B.; RI............................... 1882
Howell, Robert B.; NE................................. 1857
Howland, Benjamin; RI................................. 1881
Hruska, Roman L.; NE.................................. 1857
Hubbard, Henry; NH.................................... 1861
Huddleston, Walter D.; KY............................. 1837
Huffman, James W.; OH................................. 1873
Huger, Daniel E.; SC.................................. 1883
Hughes, Charles J., Jr.; CO........................... 1816
Hughes, Harold E.; IA................................. 1834
Hughes, James H.; DE.................................. 1820
Hughes, William; NJ................................... 1864
Hull, Cordell; TN..................................... 1888
Humphrey, Gordon J.; NH............................... 1861
Humphrey, Hubert H.; MN...........................1849, 1850
Humphrey, Muriel; MN.................................. 1849
Humphreys, Robert; KY................................. 1837
Hunt, Lester C.; WY................................... 1904
Hunter, John; SC...................................... 1883
Hunter, Richard C.; NE................................ 1857
Hunter, Robert M.T.; VA............................... 1896
Hunter, William; RI................................... 1881
Huntington, Jabez W.; CT.............................. 1817
Hunton, Eppa; VA...................................... 1896
Husting, Paul O.; WI.................................. 1902
Hutchinson, Tim; AR................................... 1811
Hutchison, Kay B.; TX................................. 1889
Hyde-Smith, Cindy; MS................................. 1852
I
Ingalls, John J.; KS.................................. 1836
[[Page 658]]
Inhofe, James M.; OK.................................. 1875
Inouye, Daniel K.; HI................................. 1826
Irby, John L.M.; SC................................... 1884
Iredell, James; NC.................................... 1870
Isakson, Johnny; GA................................... 1824
Iverson, Alfred; GA................................... 1824
Ives, Irving M.; NY................................... 1867
Izard, Ralph; SC...................................... 1884
J
Jackson, Andrew; TN...............................1887, 1888
Jackson, Henry M.; WA................................. 1897
Jackson, Howell E.; TN................................ 1887
Jackson, James; GA................................1823, 1824
Jackson, Samuel D.; IN................................ 1832
Jackson, William P.; MD............................... 1843
James, Charles T.; RI................................. 1881
James, Ollie M.; KY................................... 1837
Jarnagin, Spencer; TN................................. 1888
Jarvis, Thomas J.; NC................................. 1870
Javits, Jacob K.; NY.................................. 1868
Jeffords, James M.; VT................................ 1893
Jenner, William E.; IN............................1831, 1832
Jenness, Benning W.; NH............................... 1861
Jepsen, Roger W.; IA.................................. 1833
Jewett, Daniel T.; MO................................. 1854
Johanns, Mike; NE..................................... 1858
Johns, Kensey; DE \1\................................. 1819
\1\ Appointed by governor but declared not entitled to
seat.
Johnson, Andrew; TN................................... 1887
Johnson, Charles F.; ME............................... 1841
Johnson, Edwin C.; CO................................. 1815
Johnson, Edwin S.; SD................................. 1886
Johnson, Henry; LA................................1839, 1840
Johnson, Herschel V.; GA.............................. 1824
Johnson, Hiram W.; CA................................. 1813
Johnson, Lyndon B.; TX................................ 1890
Johnson, Magnus; MN................................... 1850
Johnson, Martin N.; ND................................ 1872
Johnson, Reverdy; MD.................................. 1843
Johnson, Richard M.; KY............................... 1837
Johnson, Robert W.; AR................................ 1812
Johnson, Ron; WI...................................... 1902
Johnson, Tim; SD...................................... 1885
Johnson, Waldo P.; MO................................. 1854
Johnson, William S.; CT............................... 1818
Johnston, J. Bennett; LA.............................. 1839
Johnston, John W.; VA................................. 1896
Johnston, Joseph F.; AL............................... 1806
Johnston, Josiah S.; LA............................... 1840
Johnston, Olin D.; SC................................. 1884
Johnston, Rienzi M.; TX............................... 1890
Johnston, Samuel; NC.................................. 1869
Jonas, Benjamin F.; LA................................ 1840
Jones, Andrieus A.; NM................................ 1865
Jones, Charles W.; FL................................. 1821
Jones, Doug; AL....................................... 1805
Jones, George; GA..................................... 1823
Jones, George W.; IA.................................. 1833
Jones, James C.; TN................................... 1887
Jones, James K.; AR................................... 1812
Jones, John P.; NV.................................... 1860
Jones, Wesley L.; WA.................................. 1898
Jordan, B. Everett; NC................................ 1869
Jordan, Len B.; ID.................................... 1827
K
Kaine, Tim; VA........................................ 1895
Kane, Elias K.; IL.................................... 1830
Karnes, David K.; NE.................................. 1857
Kassebaum, Nancy Landon; KS........................... 1835
Kasten, Robert W., Jr.; WI............................ 1902
Kaufman, Edward; DE................................... 1820
Kavanaugh, William M.; AR............................. 1811
Kean, Hamilton F.; NJ................................. 1863
Kean, John; NJ........................................ 1863
Kearns, Thomas; UT.................................... 1891
Keating, Kenneth B.; NY............................... 1867
Kefauver, Estes; TN................................... 1888
Kellogg, Frank B.; MN................................. 1849
Kellogg, William P.; LA...........................1839, 1840
Kelly, James K.; OR................................... 1877
Kelly, William; AL.................................... 1806
Kem, James P.; MO..................................... 1853
Kempthorne, Dirk; ID.................................. 1828
Kendrick, John B.; WY................................. 1903
Kenna, John E.; WV.................................... 1900
Kennedy, Anthony; MD.................................. 1843
Kennedy, Edward M.; MA................................ 1845
Kennedy, John F.; MA.................................. 1845
Kennedy, John; LA..................................... 1840
Kennedy, Robert F.; NY................................ 1867
Kenney, Richard R.; DE................................ 1820
Kent, Joseph; MD...................................... 1843
Kenyon, William S.; IA................................ 1833
Kern, John W.; IN..................................... 1831
Kernan, Francis; NY................................... 1867
Kerr, John L.; MD..................................... 1844
Kerr, Joseph; OH...................................... 1873
Kerr, Robert S.; OK................................... 1875
Kerrey, J. Robert; NE................................. 1857
Kerry, John F.; MA.................................... 1846
Key, David M.; TN..................................... 1887
Keyes, Henry W.; NH................................... 1861
Kilgore, Harley M.; WV................................ 1899
King, Angus; ME....................................... 1841
King, John P.; GA..................................... 1823
King, Preston; NY..................................... 1867
King, Rufus; NY....................................... 1868
[[Page 659]]
King, William H.; UT.................................. 1891
King, William R.; AL..............................1805, 1806
Kirby, William F.; AR................................. 1812
Kirk, Mark; IL........................................ 1830
Kirk, Paul G.; MA..................................... 1845
Kirkwood, Samuel J.; IA...........................1833, 1834
Kitchell, Aaron; NJ................................... 1864
Kittredge, Alfred B.; SD.............................. 1886
Klobuchar, Amy; MN.................................... 1849
Knight, Nehemiah R.; RI............................... 1882
Knowland, William F.; CA.............................. 1813
Knox, Philander C.; PA................................ 1879
Kohl, Herbert; WI..................................... 1901
Krueger, Bob; TX...................................... 1889
Kuchel, Thomas H.; CA................................. 1814
Kyl, Jon; AZ......................................1809, 1810
Kyle, James H.; SD.................................... 1886
L
Lacock, Abner; PA..................................... 1880
Ladd, Edwin F.; ND.................................... 1872
LaFollette, Robert M.; WI............................. 1901
LaFollette, Robert M., Jr.; WI........................ 1901
Laird, William R., III; WV............................ 1899
Lamar, Lucius Q.C.; MS................................ 1852
Lambert, John; NJ..................................... 1863
Landrieu, Mary L.; LA................................. 1839
Lane, Harry; OR....................................... 1877
Lane, Henry S.; IN.................................... 1832
Lane, James H.; KS.................................... 1835
Lane, Joseph; OR...................................... 1878
Langdon, John; NH..................................... 1862
Langer, William; ND................................... 1871
Lankford, James; OK................................... 1876
Lanman, James; CT..................................... 1818
Lapham, Elbridge G.; NY............................... 1868
Larrazolo, Octaviano A.; NM........................... 1865
Latham, Milton S.; CA................................. 1813
Latimer, Asbury C.; SC................................ 1884
Latimer, Henry; DE.................................... 1819
Laurance, John; NY.................................... 1868
Lausche, Frank J.; OH................................. 1874
Lautenberg, Frank R.; NJ..........................1863, 1864
Laxalt, Paul; NV...................................... 1860
Lea, Luke; TN......................................... 1887
Leahy, Edward L.; RI.................................. 1881
Leahy, Patrick J.; VT................................. 1894
Leake, Walter; MS..................................... 1851
Lee, Blair; MD........................................ 1843
Lee, Josh; OK......................................... 1875
Lee, Mike; UT......................................... 1892
Lee, Richard H.; VA................................... 1896
Lehman, Herbert H.; NY................................ 1868
Leib, Michael; PA..................................... 1879
Leigh, Benjamin W.; VA................................ 1896
LeMieux, George; FL................................... 1822
Lennon, Alton A.; NC.................................. 1869
Lenroot, Irvine L.; WI................................ 1902
Levin, Carl; MI....................................... 1848
Lewis, Dixon H.; AL................................... 1805
Lewis, James Hamilton; IL............................. 1829
Lewis, John F.; VA.................................... 1895
Lieberman, Joseph I.; CT.............................. 1817
Lincoln, Blanche L.; AR............................... 1812
Lindsay, William; KY.................................. 1837
Linn, Lewis F.; MO.................................... 1854
Lippitt, Henry F.; RI................................. 1881
Livermore, Samuel; NH................................. 1861
Livingston, Edward; LA................................ 1839
Lloyd, Edward; MD..................................... 1844
Lloyd, James; MD...................................... 1844
Lloyd, James; MA..................................1845, 1846
Locher, Cyrus; OH..................................... 1874
Locke, Francis; NC.................................... 1870
Lodge, Henry Cabot; MA................................ 1845
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr.; MA.................1824, 1845, 1846
Loeffler, Kelly; GA................................... 1824
Loftin, Scott M.; FL.................................. 1821
Logan, George; PA..................................... 1880
Logan, John A.; IL................................1829, 1830
Logan, Marvel M.; KY.................................. 1837
Logan, William; KY.................................... 1838
Lonergan, Augustine; CT............................... 1818
Long, Chester I.; KS.................................. 1836
Long, Edward V.; MO................................... 1854
Long, Huey P.; LA..................................... 1839
Long, Oren E.; HI..................................... 1826
Long, Rose McConnell; LA.............................. 1839
Long, Russell B.; LA.................................. 1840
Lorimer, William; IL.................................. 1830
Lott, Trent; MS....................................... 1851
Lowrie, Walter; PA.................................... 1880
Lucas, Scott W.; IL................................... 1830
Lugar, Richard G.; IN................................. 1831
Lumpkin, Alva M.; SC.................................. 1883
Lumpkin, Wilson; GA................................... 1823
Lundeen, Ernest; MN................................... 1850
Lusk, Hall S.; OR..................................... 1877
Lyon, Lucius; MI...................................... 1847
M
Machen, Willis B.; KY................................. 1838
Mack, Connie; FL...................................... 1821
Maclay, Samuel; PA.................................... 1879
Maclay, William; PA................................... 1879
Macon, Nathaniel; NC.................................. 1870
Magnuson, Warren G.; WA............................... 1898
Magruder, Allan B.; LA................................ 1840
Mahone, William; VA................................... 1895
Malbone, Francis; RI.................................. 1881
[[Page 660]]
Mallory, Stephen R.; FL............................... 1821
Mallory, Stephen R.; FL............................... 1822
Malone, George W.; NV................................. 1859
Maloney, Francis; CT.................................. 1817
Manchin, Joe; WV...................................... 1899
Manderson, Charles F.; NE............................. 1858
Mangum, Willie P.; NC.............................1869, 1870
Mansfield, Mike; MT................................... 1855
Mantle, Lee; MT....................................... 1855
Marcy, William L.; NY................................. 1868
Markey, Edward; MA.................................... 1846
Marks, William; PA.................................... 1880
Marshall, Humphrey; KY................................ 1838
Marston, Gilman; NH................................... 1861
Martin, Alexander; NC................................. 1869
Martin, Edward; PA.................................... 1879
Martin, George B.; KY................................. 1837
Martin, John; KS...................................... 1835
Martin, Thomas E.; IA................................. 1833
Martin, Thomas S.; VA................................. 1896
Martine, James E.; NJ................................. 1863
Martinez, Mel; FL..................................... 1822
Mason, Armistead T.; VA............................... 1896
Mason, James M.; VA................................... 1895
Mason, Jeremiah; NH................................... 1862
Mason, Jonathan; MA................................... 1845
Mason, Stevens T.; VA................................. 1895
Mason, William E.; IL................................. 1830
Massey, William A.; NV................................ 1859
Mathews, Harlan; TN................................... 1888
Mathewson, Elisha; RI................................. 1882
Mathias, Charles McC., Jr.; MD........................ 1844
Matsunaga, Spark M.; HI............................... 1825
Matthews, Stanley; OH................................. 1874
Mattingly, Mack; GA................................... 1824
Maxey, Samuel B.; TX.................................. 1889
Maybank, Burnet R.; SC................................ 1883
Mayfield, Earle B.; TX................................ 1889
McAdoo, William Gibbs; CA............................. 1814
McBride, George W.; OR................................ 1877
McCain, John S., III; AZ.............................. 1810
McCarran, Patrick A.; NV.............................. 1860
McCarthy, Eugene J.; MI............................... 1849
McCarthy, Joseph R.; WI............................... 1901
McClellan, John L.; AR................................ 1811
McCaskill, Claire; MO................................. 1853
McClure, James A.; ID................................. 1827
McComas, Louis E.; MD................................. 1843
McConnell, Mitch; KY.................................. 1837
McConnell, William J.; ID............................. 1828
McCormick, Medill; IL................................. 1829
McCreary, James B.; KY................................ 1838
McCreery, Thomas C.; KY...........................1837, 1838
McCulloch, Roscoe C.; OH.............................. 1874
McCumber, Porter J.; ND............................... 1871
McDill, James W.; IA.................................. 1833
McDonald, Alexander; AR............................... 1811
McDonald, Joseph E.; IN............................... 1831
McDougall, James A.; CA............................... 1814
McDuffie, George; SC.................................. 1884
McEnery, Samuel D.; LA................................ 1840
McFarland, Ernest W.; AZ.............................. 1809
McGee, Gale W.; WY.................................... 1903
McGill, George; KS.................................... 1836
McGovern, George; SD.................................. 1886
McGrath, J. Howard; RI................................ 1881
McIlvaine, Joseph; NJ................................. 1863
McIntyre, Thomas J.; NH............................... 1861
McKean, Samuel; PA.................................... 1879
McKellar, Kenneth D.; TN.............................. 1887
McKinley, John; AL.................................... 1806
McKinley, William B.; IL.............................. 1830
McLane, Louis; DE..................................... 1819
McLaurin, Anselm J.; MS............................... 1852
McLaurin, John L.; SC................................. 1884
McLean, George P.; CT................................. 1817
McLean, John; IL..................................1829, 1830
McMahon, Brien; CT.................................... 1818
McMaster, William H.; SD.............................. 1885
McMillan, James; MI................................... 1848
McMillan, Samuel J.R.; MN............................. 1849
McNamara, Patrick V.; MI.............................. 1848
McNary, Charles L.; OR................................ 1877
McPherson, John R.; NJ................................ 1864
McRae, John J.; MS.................................... 1851
McRoberts, Samuel; IL................................. 1829
McSally, Martha; AZ................................... 1810
Mead, James M.; NY.................................... 1867
Means, Rice W.; CO.................................... 1816
Mechem, E.L.; NM...................................... 1865
Meigs, Return J., Jr.; OH............................. 1873
Melcher, John; MT..................................... 1855
Mellen, Prentiss; MA.................................. 1845
Menendez, Robert; NJ.................................. 1863
Meriwether, David; KY................................. 1838
Merkley, Jeff; OR..................................... 1877
Merrick, William D.; MD............................... 1843
Merrimon, Augustus S.; NC............................. 1870
Metcalf, Jesse H.; RI................................. 1882
Metcalf, Lee; MT...................................... 1856
Metcalfe, Thomas; KY.................................. 1838
Metzenbaum, Howard M.; OH.........................1873, 1874
Mikulski, Barbara A.; MD.............................. 1844
Millard, Joseph H.; NE................................ 1858
Milledge, John; GA.................................... 1824
Miller, Bert H.; ID................................... 1827
Miller, Homer V.M.; GA................................ 1823
Miller, Jack; IA...................................... 1833
Miller, Jacob W.; NJ.................................. 1864
Miller, John E.; AR................................... 1811
[[Page 661]]
Miller, John F.; CA................................... 1813
Miller, Stephen D.; SC................................ 1884
Miller, Warner; NY.................................... 1867
Miller, Zell B.; GA................................... 1824
Millikin, Eugene D.; CO............................... 1816
Mills, Elijah H.; MA.................................. 1845
Mills, Roger Q.; TX................................... 1889
Milton, John; NJ...................................... 1863
Milton, William H.; FL................................ 1822
Minton, Sherman; IN................................... 1831
Mitchel, Charles B.; AR............................... 1812
Mitchell, George J.; ME............................... 1841
Mitchell, Hugh B.; WA................................. 1897
Mitchell, John H.;
OR............................................1877, 1878
Mitchell, John I.; PA................................. 1879
Mitchell, John L.; WI................................. 1901
Mitchell, Stephen M.; CT.............................. 1818
Mitchill, Samuel L.; NY............................... 1867
Mondale, Walter F.; MN................................ 1850
Money, Hernando D.; MS................................ 1851
Monroe, James; VA..................................... 1895
Monroney, A.S. Mike; OK............................... 1876
Montoya, Joseph M.; NM................................ 1865
Moody, Blair; MI...................................... 1847
Moody, Gideon C.; SD.................................. 1885
Moor, Wyman B.S.; ME.................................. 1841
Moore, A. Harry; NJ................................... 1863
Moore, Andrew; VA.................................1895, 1896
Moore, Edward H.; OK.................................. 1875
Moore, Gabriel; AL.................................... 1806
Moran, Jerry; KS...................................... 1836
Morehead, James T.; KY................................ 1837
Morgan, Edwin D.; NY.................................. 1867
Morgan, John T.; AL................................... 1805
Morgan, Robert; NC.................................... 1870
Morrill, David L.; NH................................. 1861
Morrill, Justin S.; VT................................ 1894
Morrill, Lot Myrick; ME...........................1841, 1842
Morris, Gouverneur; NY................................ 1867
Morris, Robert; PA.................................... 1880
Morris, Thomas; OH.................................... 1873
Morrison, Cameron; NC................................. 1870
Morrow, Dwight W.; NJ................................. 1864
Morrow, Jeremiah; OH.................................. 1874
Morse, Wayne L.; OR................................... 1878
Morton, Jackson; FL................................... 1822
Morton, Oliver H.P.T.; IN............................. 1832
Morton, Thruston B.; KY............................... 1838
Moseley-Braun, Carol; IL.............................. 1830
Moses, George H.; NH.................................. 1862
Moses, John; ND....................................... 1872
Moss, Frank E.; UT.................................... 1891
Mouton, Alexander; LA................................. 1840
Moynihan, Daniel P.; NY............................... 1867
Muhlenberg, John P.G.; PA............................. 1880
Mulkey, Frederick W.; OR.............................. 1877
Mundt, Karl E.; SD.................................... 1885
Murdock, Abe; UT...................................... 1891
Murkowski, Frank H.; AK............................... 1808
Murkowski, Lisa; AK................................... 1808
Murphy, Christopher; CT............................... 1818
Murphy, Edward, Jr.; NY............................... 1867
Murphy, George; CA.................................... 1813
Murphy, Maurice J., Jr; NH............................ 1861
Murphy, Richard Louis; IA............................. 1834
Murray, James E.; MT.................................. 1856
Murray, Patty; WA..................................... 1898
Muskie, Edmund S.; ME................................. 1841
Myers, Francis J.; PA................................. 1880
Myers, Henry L.; MT................................... 1855
N
Naudain, Arnold; DE................................... 1819
Neely, Matthew M.; WV.............................1899, 1900
Nelson, Arthur E.; MN................................. 1850
Nelson, Ben; NE....................................... 1857
Nelson, Bill; FL...................................... 1821
Nelson, Gaylord; WI................................... 1902
Nelson, Knute; MN..................................... 1850
Nesmith, James W.; OR................................. 1878
Neuberger, Maurine B.; OR............................. 1877
Neuberger, Richard L.; OR............................. 1877
New, Harry S.; IN..................................... 1831
Newberry, Truman H.; MI............................... 1848
Newlands, Francis G.; NV.............................. 1860
Nicholas, Robert C.; LA............................... 1839
Nicholas, Wilson C.; VA............................... 1896
Nicholson, Alfred O.P.; TN........................1887, 1888
Nicholson, Samuel D.; CO.............................. 1816
Nickles, Don; OK...................................... 1876
Niles, John M.; CT................................1817, 1818
Nixon, George S.; NV.................................. 1859
Nixon, Richard M.; CA................................. 1814
Noble, James; IN...................................... 1831
Norbeck, Peter; SD.................................... 1886
Norris, George W.; NE................................. 1858
Norris, Moses, Jr.; NH................................ 1862
North, William; NY.................................... 1867
Norton, Daniel S.; MN................................. 1850
Norvell, John; MI..................................... 1848
Norwood, Thomas M.; GA................................ 1823
Nourse, Amos; ME...................................... 1841
Nugent, John F.; ID................................... 1828
Nunn, Sam; GA......................................... 1823
Nye, Gerald P.; ND.................................... 1872
Nye, James W.; NV..................................... 1860
O
Obama, Barack; IL..................................... 1830
[[Page 662]]
O'Conor, Herbert R.; MD............................... 1843
O'Daniel, W. Lee; TX.................................. 1890
Oddie, Tasker L.; NV.................................. 1860
Ogden, Aaron; NJ...................................... 1863
Oglesby, Richard J.; IL............................... 1830
O'Gorman, James A.; NY................................ 1867
Olcott, Simeon; NH.................................... 1861
Oliver, George T.; PA................................. 1879
O'Mahoney, Joseph C.; WY..........................1903, 1904
Osborn, Thomas W.; FL................................. 1822
Otis, Harrison G.; MA................................. 1846
Overman, Lee S.; NC................................... 1870
Overton, John H.; LA.................................. 1840
Owen, Robert L.; OK................................... 1875
P
Packwood, Robert W.; OR............................... 1878
Paddock, Algernon S.; NE.............................. 1857
Page, Carroll S.; VT.................................. 1893
Page, John; NH........................................ 1862
Paine, Elijah; VT..................................... 1894
Palmer, John M.; IL................................... 1830
Palmer, Thomas W.; MI................................. 1848
Palmer, William A.; VT................................ 1894
Parker, Nahum; NH..................................... 1862
Parker, Richard E.; VA................................ 1896
Parris, Albion K.; ME................................. 1841
Parrott, John F.; NH.................................. 1862
Partridge, Frank C.; VT............................... 1893
Pasco, Samuel; FL..................................... 1821
Pastore, John O.; RI.................................. 1881
Paterson, William; NJ................................. 1864
Patterson, David T.; TN............................... 1887
Patterson, James W.; NH............................... 1862
Patterson, John J.; SC................................ 1884
Patterson, Roscoe C.; MO.............................. 1853
Patterson, Thomas M.; CO.............................. 1815
Patton, John, Jr.; MI................................. 1847
Paul, Rand; KY........................................ 1838
Payne, Frederick G.; ME............................... 1841
Payne, Henry B.; OH................................... 1874
Paynter, Thomas H.; KY................................ 1837
Peace, Roger C.; SC................................... 1883
Pearce, James A.; MD.................................. 1844
Pearson, James B.; KS................................. 1835
Pease, Henry R.; MS................................... 1851
Peffer, William A.; KS................................ 1836
Pell, Claiborne; RI................................... 1882
Pendleton, George H.; OH.............................. 1874
Pennybacker, Isaac S.; VA............................. 1895
Penrose, Boies; PA.................................... 1880
Pepper, Claude; FL.................................... 1822
Pepper, George W.; PA................................. 1880
Percy, Charles H.; IL................................. 1829
Percy, LeRoy; MS...................................... 1852
Perdue, David; GA..................................... 1823
Perkins, Bishop W.; KS................................ 1835
Perkins, George C.; CA................................ 1814
Perky, Kirtland I.; ID................................ 1828
Peters, Gary C.; MI................................... 1848
Pettigrew, Richard F.; SD............................. 1885
Pettit, John; IN...................................... 1832
Pettus, Edmund W.; AL................................. 1806
Phelan, James D.; CA.................................. 1814
Phelps, Samuel S.;
VT............................................1893, 1894
Phipps, Lawrence C.; CO............................... 1815
Pickens, Israel; AL................................... 1806
Pickering, Timothy; MA................................ 1846
Pierce, Franklin; NH.................................. 1862
Pierce, Gilbert A.; ND................................ 1872
Pike, Austin F.; NH................................... 1861
Piles, Samuel H.; WA.................................. 1897
Pinckney, Charles; SC................................. 1883
Pine, William B.; OK.................................. 1875
Pinkney, William; MD.................................. 1843
Pittman, Key; NV...................................... 1859
Platt, Orville H.; CT................................. 1818
Platt, Thomas C.;
NY............................................1867, 1868
Pleasants, James; VA.................................. 1896
Plumb, Preston B.; KS................................. 1835
Plumer, William; NH................................... 1862
Poindexter, George; MS................................ 1852
Poindexter, Miles; WA................................. 1897
Poland, Luke P.; VT................................... 1894
Polk, Trusten; MO..................................... 1853
Pollock, William P.; SC............................... 1883
Pomerene, Atlee; OH................................... 1873
Pomeroy, Samuel C.; KS................................ 1836
Pool, John; NC........................................ 1870
Pope, James P.; ID.................................... 1828
Pope, John; KY........................................ 1838
Porter, Alexander; LA................................. 1840
Porter, Augustus S.; MI............................... 1847
Portman, Robert; OH................................... 1874
Posey, Thomas; LA..................................... 1839
Potter, Charles E.; MI................................ 1847
Potter, Samuel J.; RI................................. 1881
Potts, Richard; MD.................................... 1843
Powell, Lazarus W.; KY................................ 1837
Power, Thomas C.; MT.................................. 1856
Pratt, Daniel D.; IN.................................. 1831
Pratt, Thomas G.; MD.................................. 1843
Prentiss, Samuel; VT.................................. 1894
Pressler, Larry; SD................................... 1885
Preston, William C.; SC............................... 1884
Price, Samuel; WV..................................... 1899
Prince, Oliver H.; GA................................. 1823
Pritchard, Jeter C.; NC............................... 1870
Proctor, Redfield; VT................................. 1893
Prouty, Winston L.; VT................................ 1893
Proxmire, William; WI................................. 1901
[[Page 663]]
Pryor, David H.; AR................................... 1811
Pryor, Luke; AL....................................... 1806
Pryor, Mark; AR....................................... 1811
Pugh, George E.; OH................................... 1874
Pugh, James L.; AL.................................... 1806
Purcell, William E.; ND............................... 1872
Purtell, William A.;
CT............................................1817, 1818
Pyle, Miss Gladys; SD................................. 1886
Q
Quarles, Joseph V.; WI................................ 1901
Quay, Matthew S.; PA.................................. 1879
Quayle, Dan; IN....................................... 1832
R
Radcliffe, George L.; MD.............................. 1843
Ralston, Samuel M.; IN................................ 1831
Ramsey, Alexander; MN................................. 1849
Randolph, Jennings; WV................................ 1900
Randolph, John; VA.................................... 1895
Randolph, Theodore F.; NJ............................. 1863
Ransdell, Joseph E.; LA............................... 1839
Ransom, Matt W.; NC................................... 1869
Rantoul, Robert; MA................................... 1845
Rawlins, Joseph L.; UT................................ 1892
Rawson, Charles A.; IA................................ 1833
Rayner, Isidor; MD.................................... 1843
Read, George; DE...................................... 1819
Read, Jacob; SC....................................... 1884
Reagan, John H.; TX................................... 1889
Reames, Alfred E.; OR................................. 1878
Reed, Clyde M.; KS.................................... 1836
Reed, David A.; PA.................................... 1879
Reed, Jack; RI........................................ 1882
Reed, James A.; MO.................................... 1853
Reed, Philip; MD...................................... 1844
Reed, Thomas B.; MS...............................1851, 1852
Reid, David S.; NC.................................... 1869
Reid, Harry M.; NV.................................... 1860
Revels, Hiram R.; MS.................................. 1852
Revercomb, Chapman; WV............................1899, 1900
Reynolds, Robert R.; NC............................... 1870
Reynolds, Sam W.; NE.................................. 1857
Rhett, R. Barnwell; SC................................ 1883
Ribicoff, Abraham A.; CT.............................. 1818
Rice, Benjamin F.; AR................................. 1812
Rice, Henry M.; MN.................................... 1849
Richardson, Harry A.; DE.............................. 1820
Richardson, William A.; IL............................ 1829
Riddle, George Read; DE............................... 1819
Riddleberger, Harrison H.; VA......................... 1896
Ridgely, Henry M.; DE................................. 1820
Riegle, Donald W., Jr., MI............................ 1847
Risch, James; ID...................................... 1827
Rives, William C.;
VA............................................1895, 1896
Roach, William N.; ND................................. 1871
Roane, William H.; VA................................. 1896
Robb, Charles S.; VA.................................. 1895
Robbins, Asher; RI.................................... 1881
Roberts, Jonathan; PA................................. 1879
Roberts, Pat; KS...................................... 1835
Robertson, A. Willis; VA.............................. 1896
Robertson, Edward V.; WY.............................. 1904
Robertson, Thomas J.; SC.............................. 1883
Robinson, Arthur R.; IN............................... 1831
Robinson, John M.; IL................................. 1829
Robinson, Jonathan; VT................................ 1893
Robinson, Joseph T.; AR............................... 1811
Robinson, Moses; VT................................... 1893
Robsion, John M.; KY.................................. 1837
Rockefeller, John D., IV;
WV..................................................1900
Rockwell, Julius; MA.................................. 1846
Rodney, Caesar A.; DE................................. 1819
Rodney, Daniel; DE.................................... 1820
Rollins, Edward H.; NH................................ 1861
Romney, Mitt; UT...................................... 1891
Root, Elihu; NY....................................... 1868
Rosen, Jacky; NV...................................... 1859
Rosier, Joseph; WV.................................... 1900
Ross, Edmund G.; KS................................... 1835
Ross, James; PA....................................... 1879
Ross, Jonathan; VT.................................... 1894
Roth, William V., Jr.; DE............................. 1819
Rounds, Mike; SD...................................... 1885
Rowan, John; KY....................................... 1838
Rubio, Marco; FL...................................... 1822
Rudman, Warren; NH.................................... 1862
Ruggles, Benjamin; OH................................. 1873
Ruggles, John; ME..................................... 1842
Rusk, Thomas J.; TX................................... 1889
Russell, Donald; SC................................... 1884
Russell, Richard B.; GA............................... 1823
Rutherfurd, John; NJ.................................. 1863
S
Sabin, Dwight M.; MN.................................. 1850
Sackett, Fred M.; KY.................................. 1837
Salazar, Ken; CO...................................... 1816
Salinger, Pierre; CA.................................. 1813
Saltonstall, Leverett; MA............................. 1846
Sanders, Bernard; VT.................................. 1893
Sanders, Newell; TN................................... 1888
Sanders, Wilbur F.; MT................................ 1855
Sanford, Nathan;
NY............................................1867, 1868
Sanford, Terry; NC.................................... 1870
Santorum, Rick; PA.................................... 1879
Sarbanes, Paul S., MD................................. 1843
[[Page 664]]
Sargent, Aaron A.; CA................................. 1814
Sasse, Ben; NE........................................ 1858
Sasser, James R.; TN.................................. 1887
Saulsbury, Eli; DE.................................... 1820
Saulsbury, Willard, Jr.; DE........................... 1820
Saulsbury, Willard, Sr.; DE........................... 1820
Saunders, Alvin; NE................................... 1858
Sawyer, Frederick A.; SC.............................. 1884
Sawyer, Philetus; WI.................................. 1901
Saxbe, William B.; OH................................. 1874
Schall, Thomas D.; MI................................. 1850
Schatz, Brian; HI..................................... 1826
Schmitt, Harrison H.; NM.............................. 1865
Schoeppel, Andrew F.; KS.............................. 1835
Schumer, Charles E.; NY............................... 1868
Schureman, James; NJ.................................. 1863
Schurz, Carl; MO...................................... 1853
Schuyler, Karl C.; CO................................. 1816
Schuyler, Philip; NY.................................. 1867
Schwartz, H.H.; WY.................................... 1904
Schweiker, Richard S.; PA............................. 1880
Schwellenbach, Lewis B.;
WA..................................................1897
Scott, Hugh; PA....................................... 1879
Scott, John; PA....................................... 1879
Scott, Nathan B.; WV.................................. 1899
Scott, Rick; FL....................................... 1821
Scott, Tim; SC........................................ 1884
Scott, W. Kerr; NC.................................... 1869
Scott, William L.; VA................................. 1896
Scrugham, James G.; NV................................ 1859
Seaton, Fred A.; NE................................... 1858
Sebastian, William K.; AR............................. 1811
Sedgwick, Theodore; MA................................ 1846
Semple, James; IL..................................... 1829
Sessions, Jeff; AL.................................... 1805
Sevier, Ambrose H.; AR................................ 1812
Seward, William H.; NY................................ 1868
Sewell, William J.;
NJ............................................1863, 1864
Seymour, Horatio; VT.................................. 1893
Seymour, John; CA..................................... 1813
Shafroth, John F.; CO................................. 1815
Shaheen, Jeanne; NH................................... 1861
Sharon, William; NV................................... 1859
Sheafe, James; NH..................................... 1862
Sheffield, William P.; RI............................. 1882
Shelby, Richard C.; AL................................ 1806
Shepley, Ether; ME.................................... 1841
Sheppard, Morris; TX.................................. 1890
Sherman, John; OH.................................1873, 1874
Sherman, Lawrence Y.; IL.............................. 1830
Sherman, Roger; CT.................................... 1818
Shields, James; IL.................................... 1830
MN............................
1850
MO............................
1854
Shields, John K.; TN.................................. 1888
Shipstead, Henrik; MN................................. 1849
Shively, Benjamin F.; IN.............................. 1832
Shortridge, Samuel M.; CA............................. 1814
Shott, Hugh Ike; WV................................... 1900
Shoup, George Laird; ID............................... 1827
Silsbee, Nathaniel; MA................................ 1846
Simmons, Furnifold M.; NC............................. 1869
Simmons, James F.; RI.............................1881, 1882
Simon, Joseph; OR..................................... 1878
Simon, Paul; IL....................................... 1829
Simpson, Alan K.; WY.................................. 1904
Simpson, Milward L.; WY............................... 1904
Sinema, Krysten; AZ................................... 1809
Slater, James H.; OR.................................. 1878
Slattery, James M.; IL................................ 1829
Slidell, John; LA..................................... 1840
Smathers, George A.; FL............................... 1822
Smathers, William H.; NJ.............................. 1864
Smith, Benjamin A., II; MA............................ 1845
Smith, Bob; NH........................................ 1861
Smith, Daniel; TN.................................1887, 1888
Smith, Delazon; OR.................................... 1877
Smith, Ellison D.; SC................................. 1884
Smith, Frank L.; IL................................... 1830
Smith, Gordon H.; OR.................................. 1877
Smith, H. Alexander; NJ............................... 1863
Smith, Hoke; GA....................................... 1824
Smith, Israel; VT..................................... 1893
Smith, James, Jr.; NJ................................. 1863
Smith, John; NY....................................... 1868
Smith, John; OH....................................... 1873
Smith, John W.; MD.................................... 1844
Smith, Marcus A.; AZ.................................. 1810
Smith, Margaret Chase; ME............................. 1842
Smith, Nathan; CT..................................... 1817
Smith, Oliver H.; IN.................................. 1832
Smith, Perry; CT...................................... 1818
Smith, Ralph Tyler; IL................................ 1830
Smith, Samuel; MD..................................... 1843
Smith, Tina; MN....................................... 1850
Smith, Truman; CT..................................... 1818
Smith, William; SC................................1883, 1884
Smith, William A.; MI................................. 1848
Smith, Willis; NC..................................... 1869
Smoot, Reed; UT....................................... 1892
Snowe, Olympia J.; ME................................. 1841
Soule, Pierre; LA.................................1839, 1840
Southard, Samuel L.; NJ............................... 1863
Sparkman, John; AL.................................... 1805
Specter, Arlen; PA.................................... 1880
Speight, Jesse; MS.................................... 1851
Spence, John S.; MD................................... 1844
Spencer, George E.; AL................................ 1806
Spencer, Lloyd; AR.................................... 1811
Spencer, Selden P.; MO................................ 1854
Spong, William B., Jr.; VA............................ 1896
[[Page 665]]
Spooner, John C.; WI.................................. 1902
Sprague, Peleg; ME.................................... 1842
Sprague, William; RI.................................. 1881
Sprague, William; RI \1\.............................. 1881
\1\ Nephew of the preceding.
Spruance, Presley; DE................................. 1820
Squire, Watson C.; WA................................. 1898
Stabenow, Debbie; MI.................................. 1847
Stafford, Robert T.; VT............................... 1893
Stanfield, Robert N.; OR.............................. 1878
Stanfill, William A.; KY.............................. 1837
Stanford, Leland; CA.................................. 1814
Stanley, A. Owsley; KY................................ 1837
Stanton, Joseph, Jr.; RI.............................. 1882
Stark, Benjamin; OR................................... 1877
Stearns, Ozora P.; MN................................. 1850
Steck, Daniel F.; IA.................................. 1833
Steiwer, Frederick; OR................................ 1878
Stennis, John C.; MS.................................. 1851
Stephens, Hubert D.; MS............................... 1851
Stephenson, Isaac; WI................................. 1902
Sterling, Thomas; SD.................................. 1885
Stevens, Ted; AK...................................... 1807
Stevenson, Adlai E., III; IL.......................... 1830
Stevenson, John W.; KY................................ 1837
Stewart, David; MD.................................... 1843
Stewart, David W.; IA................................. 1834
Stewart, Donald W.; AL................................ 1806
Stewart, John W.; VT.................................. 1893
Stewart, Tom; TN...................................... 1888
Stewart, William M.; NV............................... 1859
Stockbridge, Francis B.; MI........................... 1847
Stockton, John P.;
NJ............................................1863, 1864
Stockton, Richard; NJ................................. 1864
Stockton, Robert F.; NJ............................... 1863
Stokes, Montfort; NC.................................. 1869
Stone, David; NC...................................... 1870
Stone, Richard (Dick); FL............................. 1822
Stone, William J.; MO................................. 1854
Storer, Clement; NH................................... 1862
Storke, Thomas M.; CA................................. 1814
Strange, Luther; AL................................... 1805
Strange, Robert; NC................................... 1870
Strong, Caleb; MA..................................... 1846
Stuart, Charles E.; MI................................ 1848
Sturgeon, Daniel; PA.................................. 1879
Sullivan, Dan; AK..................................... 1807
Sullivan, Patrick J.; WY.............................. 1904
Sullivan, William V.; MS.............................. 1852
Sumner, Charles; MA................................... 1845
Sumter, Thomas; SC.................................... 1883
Sununu, John E.; NH................................... 1861
Sutherland, George; UT................................ 1891
Sutherland, Howard; WV................................ 1899
Swanson, Claude A.; VA................................ 1895
Swift, Benjamin; VT................................... 1893
Swift, George R.; AL.................................. 1805
Symington, Stuart; MO................................. 1853
Symms, Steven D.; ID.................................. 1828
T
Tabor, Horace A.W.; CO................................ 1815
Taft, Kingsley A.; OH................................. 1873
Taft, Robert A.; OH................................... 1874
Taft, Robert, Jr.; OH................................. 1873
Taggart, Thomas; IN................................... 1832
Tait, Charles; GA..................................... 1824
Talbot, Isham; KY..................................... 1838
Talent, Jim; MO....................................... 1853
Taliaferro, James P.; FL.............................. 1821
Tallmadge, Nathaniel P.; NY........................... 1867
Talmadge, Herman E.; GA............................... 1824
Tappan, Benjamin; OH.................................. 1873
Tatnal, Josiah; GA.................................... 1823
Taylor, Glen H.; ID................................... 1828
Taylor, John; SC...................................... 1883
Taylor, John; VA..................................1895, 1896
Taylor, Robert L.; TN................................. 1888
Taylor, Waller; IN.................................... 1832
Tazewell, Henry; VA................................... 1896
Tazewell, Littleton W.; VA............................ 1896
Teller, Henry M.; CO..............................1815, 1816
Ten Eyck, John C.; NJ................................. 1864
Terrell, Joseph M.; GA................................ 1824
Tester, Jon; MT....................................... 1855
Thayer, John M.; NE................................... 1858
Thomas, Charles S.; CO................................ 1816
Thomas, Craig; WY..................................... 1903
Thomas, Elbert D.; UT................................. 1892
Thomas, Elmer; OK..................................... 1876
Thomas, Jesse B.; IL.................................. 1829
Thomas, John; ID..................................1827, 1828
Thompson, Fountain L.; ND............................. 1872
Thompson, Fred; TN.................................... 1888
Thompson, John B.; KY................................. 1837
Thompson, Thomas W.; NH............................... 1861
Thompson, William H.; KS.............................. 1835
Thompson, William H.; NE.............................. 1857
Thomson, John R.; NJ.................................. 1863
Thornton, John R.; LA................................. 1840
Thruston, Buckner; KY................................. 1837
Thune, John; SD....................................... 1886
Thurman, Allen G.; OH................................. 1873
Thurmond, Strom; SC................................... 1883
Thurston, John M.; NE................................. 1858
Thye, Edward J.; MN................................... 1849
Tichenor, Isaac; VT................................... 1893
Tiffin, Edward; OH.................................... 1874
Tillis, Thom; NC...................................... 1869
Tillman, Benjamin R.; SC.............................. 1883
Tipton, John; IN...................................... 1831
Tipton, Thomas W.; NE................................. 1857
[[Page 666]]
Tobey, Charles W.; NH................................. 1862
Tomlinson, Gideon; CT................................. 1818
Toombs, Robert; GA.................................... 1823
Toomey, Patrick J.; PA................................ 1880
Torricelli, Robert G.; NJ............................. 1864
Toucey, Isaac; CT..................................... 1817
Tower, John G.; TX.................................... 1890
Towne, Charles A.; MN................................. 1849
Townsend, Charles E.; MI.............................. 1847
Townsend, John G., Jr.; DE............................ 1819
Tracy, Uriah; CT...................................... 1818
Trammell, Park; FL.................................... 1821
Trible, Paul S., Jr.; VA.............................. 1895
Trimble, William A.; OH............................... 1874
Trotter, James F.; MS................................. 1851
Troup, George M.; GA.................................. 1823
Truman, Harry S.; MO.................................. 1853
Trumbull, Jonathan, CT................................ 1818
Trumbull, Lyman; IL................................... 1830
Tsongas, Paul; MA..................................... 1846
Tunnell, James M.; DE................................. 1819
Tunney, John V.; CA................................... 1813
Turley, Thomas B.; TN................................. 1888
Turner, George; WA.................................... 1898
Turner, James; NC..................................... 1869
Turney, Hopkins L.; TN................................ 1887
Turpie, David; IN..................................... 1831
Tydings, Joseph D.; MD................................ 1843
Tydings, Millard E.; MD............................... 1844
Tyler, John; VA....................................... 1895
Tyson, Lawrence D.; TN................................ 1888
U
Udall, Mark; CO....................................... 1815
Udall, Tom; NM........................................ 1866
Umstead, William B.; NC............................... 1869
Underwood, Joseph R.; KY.............................. 1837
Underwood, Oscar W.; AL............................... 1806
Underwood, Thomas R.; KY.............................. 1837
Upham, William; VT.................................... 1894
Upton, Robert W.; NH.................................. 1862
V
Van Buren, Martin; NY................................. 1867
Van Hollen, Chris; MD................................. 1844
Vance, Zebulon B.; NC................................. 1870
Vandenberg, Arthur H.; MI............................. 1847
Van Dyke, Nicholas; DE................................ 1820
Van Nuys, Frederick; IN............................... 1832
Van Winkle, Peter G.; WV.............................. 1899
Van Wyck, Charles H.; NE.............................. 1857
Vardaman, James K.; MS................................ 1852
Vare, William S.; PA \1\.............................. 1880
\1\ Elected, but was not seated.
Varnum, Joseph B.; MA................................. 1846
Venable, Abraham B.; VA............................... 1895
Vest, George G.; MO................................... 1854
Vickers, George; MD................................... 1844
Vilas, William F.; WI................................. 1902
Vining, John; DE...................................... 1820
Vitter, David; LA..................................... 1840
Voinovich, George V.; OH.............................. 1874
Voorhees, Daniel W.; IN............................... 1832
W
Wade, Benjamin F.; OH................................. 1873
Wadleigh, Bainbridge; NH.............................. 1862
Wadsworth, James W., Jr.; NY.......................... 1868
Waggaman, George A.; LA............................... 1839
Wagner, Robert F.; NY................................. 1868
Walcott, Frederic C.; CT.............................. 1817
Wales, John; DE....................................... 1819
Walker, Freeman; GA................................... 1823
Walker, George; KY.................................... 1837
Walker, Isaac P.; WI.................................. 1902
Walker, James D.; AR.................................. 1812
Walker, John; VA...................................... 1895
Walker, John W.; AL................................... 1806
Walker, Robert J.; MS................................. 1852
Walker, Walter; CO.................................... 1816
Wall, Garret D.; NJ................................... 1864
Wall, James W.; NJ.................................... 1863
Wallace, William A.; PA............................... 1879
Wallgren, Mon C.; WA.................................. 1897
Wallop, Malcolm; WY................................... 1903
Walsh, Arthur; NJ..................................... 1863
Walsh, David I.;
MA............................................1845, 1846
Walsh, John E.; MT.................................... 1856
Walsh, Patrick; GA.................................... 1823
Walsh, Thomas J.; MT.................................. 1856
Walters, Herbert S.; TN............................... 1888
Walthall, Edward C.; MS............................... 1852
Walton, George; GA.................................... 1823
Ward, Matthias; TX.................................... 1889
Ware, Nicholas; GA.................................... 1823
Warner, Mark; VA...................................... 1896
Warner, John W.; VA................................... 1896
Warner, Willard; AL................................... 1805
Warner, William; MO................................... 1853
Warren, Elizabeth; MA...................................1845
Warren, Francis E.;
WY............................................1903, 1904
Washburn, William B.; MA.............................. 1845
Washburn, William D.; MN.............................. 1850
Waterman, Charles W.; CO.............................. 1816
Watkins, Arthur V.; UT................................ 1891
Watson, Clarence W.; WV............................... 1900
Watson, James; NY..................................... 1867
Watson, James E.; IN.................................. 1832
[[Page 667]]
Watson, Thomas E.; GA................................. 1824
Webb, Jim; VA......................................... 1895
Webb, William R.; TN.................................. 1888
Webster, Daniel; MA................................... 1845
Weeks, John W.; MA.................................... 1846
Weeks, Sinclair; MA................................... 1846
Weicker, Lowell P., Jr.; CT........................... 1817
Welch, Adonijah S.; FL................................ 1821
Welker, Herman; ID.................................... 1828
Weller, John B.; CA................................... 1813
Weller, Ovington E.; MD............................... 1844
Wellington, George L.; MD............................. 1844
Wells, John S.; NH.................................... 1862
Wells, William H.; DE................................. 1820
Wellstone, Paul J.; MN................................ 1850
West, J. Rodman; LA................................... 1839
West, William S.; GA.................................. 1823
Westcott, James D., Jr.; FL........................... 1822
Wetmore, George P.; RI................................ 1882
Wharton, Jesse; TN.................................... 1888
Wheeler, Burton K.; MT................................ 1855
Wherry, Kenneth S.; NE................................ 1858
Whitcomb, James; IN................................... 1832
White, Albert S.; IN.................................. 1831
White, Edward D.; LA.................................. 1840
White, Francis S.; AL................................. 1806
White, Hugh L.; TN.................................... 1888
White, Samuel; DE..................................... 1819
White, Stephen M.; CA................................. 1813
White, Wallace H., Jr.; ME............................ 1842
Whiteside, Jenkin; TN................................. 1888
Whitthorne, Washington C.; TN......................... 1887
Whitehouse, Sheldon; RI............................... 1881
Whyte, William P.;
MD............................................1843, 1844
Wicker, Roger F.; MS.................................. 1851
Wigfall, Louis T.; TX................................. 1889
Wilcox, Leonard; NH................................... 1862
Wiley, Alexander; WI.................................. 1902
Wilfley, Xenophon P.; MO.............................. 1854
Wilkins, William; PA.................................. 1880
Wilkinson, Morton S.; MN.............................. 1850
Willey, Calvin; CT.................................... 1818
Willey, Waitman T.; VA................................ 1895
WV............................
1900
Williams, Abram P.; CA................................ 1813
Williams, George H.; MO............................... 1854
Williams, George H.; OR............................... 1877
Williams, Harrison A., Jr.; NJ........................ 1863
Williams, Jared W.; NH................................ 1861
Williams, John; TN.................................... 1888
Williams, John J.; DE................................. 1819
Williams, John S.; KY................................. 1838
Williams, John S.; MS................................. 1851
Williams, Reuel; ME................................... 1841
Williams, Thomas Hickman; MS.......................... 1851
Williams, Thomas Hill; MS............................. 1852
Williamson, Ben M.; KY................................ 1837
Willis, Frank B.; OH.................................. 1874
Willis, Raymond E.; IN................................ 1831
Wilmot, David; PA..................................... 1879
Wilson, Ephraim K.; MD................................ 1844
Wilson, George A.; IA................................. 1833
Wilson, Henry; MA..................................... 1846
Wilson, James F.; IA.................................. 1833
Wilson, James J.; NJ.................................. 1863
Wilson, John L.; WA................................... 1897
Wilson, Pete; CA...................................... 1813
Wilson, Robert; MO.................................... 1854
Windom, William; MN................................... 1850
Wingate, Paine; NH.................................... 1861
Winthrop, Robert C.; MA............................... 1845
Wirth, Timothy E.; CO................................. 1816
Withers, Garrett L.; KY............................... 1838
Withers, Robert E.; VA................................ 1895
Wofford, Harris; PA................................... 1879
Wofford, Thomas A.; SC................................ 1883
Wolcott, Edward O.; CO................................ 1815
Wolcott, Josiah O.; DE................................ 1819
Woodbridge, William; MI............................... 1848
Woodbury, Levi; NH................................1861, 1862
Works, John D.; CA.................................... 1813
Worthington, Thomas; OH...........................1873, 1874
Wright, George G.; IA................................. 1833
Wright, Joseph A.; IN................................. 1831
Wright, Robert; MD.................................... 1844
Wright, Silas, Jr.; NY................................ 1868
Wright, William; NJ...............................1863, 1864
Wyden, Ron; OR........................................ 1878
Wyman, Louis C.; NH................................... 1862
Y
Yarborough, Ralph; TX................................. 1889
Yates, Richard; IL.................................... 1829
Young, Lafayette; IA.................................. 1833
Young, Milton R.; ND.................................. 1872
Young, Richard M.; IL................................. 1830
Young, Stephen M.; OH................................. 1873
Young, Todd; IN....................................... 1832
Yulee, David L.; FL...............................1821, 1822
Z
Zorinsky, Edward; NE.................................. 1857
[[Page 669]]
[1906]
ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT
1906
ELECTION FOR THE FIRST TERM, 1789-1793
George Washington, President; John Adams, Vice President
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. Pa. S.C. Va. Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Washington, Esq............................... 7 3 5 6 10 5 6 10 7 10 69
John Adams, Esq...................................... 5 ....... ....... ....... 10 5 1 8 ....... 5 34
Samuel Huntington, Esq............................... 2 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2
John Jay, Esq........................................ ....... 3 ....... ....... ....... ....... 5 ....... ....... 1 9
John Hancock, Esq.................................... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2 1 1 4
Robert H. Harrison, Esq.............................. ....... ....... ....... 6 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 6
George Clinton, Esq.................................. ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 3 3
John Rutledge, Esq................................... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 6 ....... 6
John Milton, Esq..................................... ....... ....... 2 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 2
James Armstrong, Esq................................. ....... ....... 1 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 1
Edward Telfair, Esq.................................. ....... ....... 1 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 1
Benjamin Lincoln, Esq................................ ....... ....... 1 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 1
Total electoral vote........................... 7 3 5 6 10 5 6 10 7 10 69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1907]
[1907]
[1907]
1907
ELECTION FOR THE SECOND TERM, 1793-1797
George Washington, President; John Adams, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Pa. R.I. S.C. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
George Washington, of Virginia.................. 9 3 4 4 8 16 6 7 12 12 15 4 8 3 21 132
John Adams, of Massachusetts.................... 9 3 ....... ....... 8 16 6 7 ....... ....... 14 4 7 3 ....... 77
George Clinton, of New York..................... ....... ....... 4 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 12 12 1 ....... ....... ....... 21 50
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia................... ....... ....... ....... 4 ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 4
Aaron Burr, of New York......................... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... ....... 1 ....... ....... 1
Total electoral vote...................... 9 3 4 4 8 16 6 7 12 12 15 4 8 3 21 132
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1908]
[1908]
[[Page 670]]
1908
ELECTION FOR THE THIRD TERM, 1797-1801
John Adams, President; Thomas Jefferson, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
John Adams, of Massachusetts................................... 9 3 ..... ..... 7 16 6 7 12 1 1 4 ..... ....... 4 1 71
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia.................................. ....... ....... 4 4 4 ....... ..... ..... ..... 11 14 ..... 8 3 ..... 20 68
Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina............................. 4 3 ..... ..... 4 13 ..... 7 12 1 2 ..... 8 ....... 4 1 59
Aaron Burr, of New York........................................ ....... ....... ..... 4 3 ....... ..... ..... ..... 6 13 ..... ..... 3 ..... 1 30
Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts................................. ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 15 15
O. Ellsworth, of Connecticut................................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... 1 6 ..... ..... ..... ..... 4 ..... ....... ..... ..... 11
John Jay, of New York.......................................... 5 ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 5
George Clinton, of New York.................................... ....... ....... 4 ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 3 7
S. Johnston, of North Carolina................................. ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... 2 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 2
James Iredell, of North Carolina............................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 3
George Washington, of Virginia................................. ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... 1 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 1 2
C. C. Pinckney, of South Carolina.............................. ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... 1 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 1
John Henry, of Maryland........................................ ....... ....... ..... ..... 2 ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 2
Total electoral vote..................................... 9 3 4 4 10 16 6 7 12 12 15 4 8 3 4 21 138
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1909]
[1909]
1909
ELECTION FOR THE FOURTH TERM, 1801-1805
Thomas Jefferson, President; Aaron Burr, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia.................................. ....... ....... 4 4 5 ....... ..... ..... 12 8 8 ..... 8 3 ..... 21 *73
Aaron Burr, of New York........................................ ....... ....... 4 4 5 ....... ..... ..... 12 8 8 ..... 8 3 ..... 21 *73
John Adams, of Massachusetts................................... 9 3 ..... ..... 5 16 6 7 ..... 4 7 4 ..... ....... 4 ..... 65
Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina......................... 9 3 ..... ..... 5 16 6 7 ..... 4 7 3 ..... ....... 4 ..... 64
John Jay, of New York.......................................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 ..... ....... ..... ..... 1
Total electoral vote..................................... 9 3 4 4 10 16 6 7 12 12 15 4 8 3 4 21 138
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*There being no choice for President by the people, the election devolved upon the House of Representatives, and February 17, 1801, Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the votes of ten States, to
four for Aaron Burr, and two blank.
[1910]
[1910]
[[Page 671]]
1910
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTH TERM, 1805-1809
Thomas Jefferson, President; George Clinton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia..................... ....... ....... 6 8 9 19 7 8 19 14 3 20 4 10 5 6 24 162
Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina............ 9 3 ..... ..... 2 ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 14
=========================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
George Clinton, of New York....................... ....... ....... 6 8 9 19 7 8 19 14 3 20 4 10 5 6 24 162
Rufus King, of New York........................... 9 3 ..... ..... 2 ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 14
=========================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............................ 9 3 6 8 11 19 7 8 19 14 3 20 4 10 5 6 24 176
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1911]
[1911]
1911
ELECTION FOR THE SIXTH TERM, 1809-1813
James Madison, President; George Clinton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Madison, of Virginia........................ ....... ....... 6 7 9 ....... ..... 8 13 11 3 20 ..... 10 5 6 24 122
George Clinton, of New York....................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 6 ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 6
Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina............ 9 3 ..... ..... 2 19 7 ..... ..... 3 ....... ..... 4 ..... ....... ..... ..... 47
=========================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
George Clinton, of New York....................... ....... ....... 6 7 9 ....... ..... 8 13 11 ....... 20 ..... 10 5 ..... 24 113
James Madison, of Virginia........................ ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 3 ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 3
James Monroe, of Virginia......................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 3 ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 3
John Langdon, of New Hampshire.................... ....... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... ....... 6 ..... 9
Rufus King, of New York........................... 9 3 ..... ..... 2 19 7 ..... ..... 3 ....... ..... 4 ..... ....... ..... ..... 47
=========================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............................ 9 3 6 7 11 19 7 8 19 14 3 20 4 10 5 6 24 175
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1912]
[1912]
[[Page 672]]
1912
ELECTION FOR THE SEVENTH TERM, 1813-1817
James Madison, President; Elbridge Gerry, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ky. La. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Madison, of Virginia.......... ...... ...... 8 12 3 6 ...... ...... ...... ...... 15 7 25 ...... 11 8 8 25 128
De Witt Clinton, of New York........ 9 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 22 8 8 29 ...... ...... ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... ...... 89
=======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts.... ...... ...... 8 12 3 6 2 1 ...... ...... 15 7 25 ...... 11 8 8 25 131
Jared Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania.... 9 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 20 7 8 29 ...... ...... ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... ...... 86
=======================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............. 9 4 8 12 3 11 22 8 8 29 15 7 25 4 11 8 8 25 217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1913]
[1913]
1913
ELECTION FOR THE EIGHTH TERM, 1817-1821
James Monroe, President; Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Conn. Del. Ga. Ind. Ky. La. Md. Mass. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Monroe, of Virginia... ...... ...... 8 3 12 3 8 ...... 8 8 29 15 8 25 4 11 8 8 25 183
Rufus King, of New York..... 9 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 22 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 34
===============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Daniel D. Tompkins, of New ...... ...... 8 3 12 3 8 ...... 8 8 29 15 8 25 4 11 8 8 25 183
York.......................
John E. Howard, of Maryland. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 22 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 22
James Ross, of Pennsylvania. 5 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 5
John Marshall, of Virginia.. 4 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4
Robert G. Harper, of ...... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 3
Maryland...................
===============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...... 9 3 8 3 12 3 8 22 8 8 29 15 8 25 4 11 8 8 25 217
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1914]
[1914]
[[Page 673]]
1914
ELECTION FOR THE NINTH TERM, 1821-1825
James Monroe, President; Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Monroe, of Virginia............... 3 9 4 8 3 3 12 3 9 11 15 2 3 7 8 29 15 8 24 4 11 7 8 25 231
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts..... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... 1 .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 1
===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York......... 3 9 .... 8 3 3 12 3 9 10 7 2 3 7 8 29 15 8 24 4 11 7 8 25 218
Richard Stockton, of New Jersey......... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... 8 ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 8
Robert G. Harper, of Maryland........... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... 1 ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 1
Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania........... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... 1 .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 1
Daniel Rodney, of Delaware.............. .... ..... 4 ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 4
===================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................. 3 9 4 8 3 3 12 3 9 11 15 3 3 8 8 29 15 8 25 4 11 8 8 25 *235
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The whole number of electors appointed was 235, but one elector from each of the States of Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Mississippi, having died, the number of votes actually cast was 232.
[1915]
[1915]
1915
ELECTION FOR THE TENTH TERM, 1825-1829
John Quincy Adams, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............ 5 ..... .... ... 2 5 ... 3 ..... 7 ..... 3 ... .... 8 1 15 .... 28 .... 11 11 ... ... *99
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts..... .... 8 1 ... 1 .... ... 2 9 3 15 ..... ... 8 .... 26 .... .... ... 4 .... ..... 7 ... *84
William H. Crawford, of Georgia......... .... ..... 2 9 .... .... ... ... ..... 1 ..... ..... ... .... .... 5 .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... 24 41
Henry Clay, of Kentucky................. .... ..... .... ... .... .... 14 ... ..... ... ..... ..... 3 .... .... 4 .... 16 ... .... .... ..... ... ... 37
===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina...... 5 ..... 1 ... 3 5 7 5 9 10 15 3 ... 7 8 29 15 .... 28 3 11 11 7 ... 182
Nathan Sanford, of New York............. .... ..... .... ... .... .... 7 ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... 7 .... 16 ... .... .... ..... ... ... 30
Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina...... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... 24 24
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............ .... 8 .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... 1 ..... ..... 3 1 .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 13
Martin Van Buren, of New York........... .... ..... .... 9 .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 9
Henry Clay, of Kentucky................. .... ..... 2 ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 2
===================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................. 5 8 3 9 3 5 14 5 9 11 15 3 3 8 8 36 15 16 28 4 11 11 7 24 261
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*No choice for President having been made by the people, the election devolved upon the House of Representatives, and John Quincy Adams was elected, receiving the votes of thirteen States to
seven for Andrew Jackson and four for William H. Crawford.
[1916]
[1916]
[[Page 674]]
1916
ELECTION FOR THE ELEVENTH TERM, 1829-1833
Andrew Jackson, President; John C. Calhoun, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............ 5 ..... .... 9 3 5 14 5 1 5 ..... 3 3 .... .... 20 15 16 28 .... 11 11 ... 24 178
John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts..... .... 8 3 ... .... .... ... ... 8 6 15 ..... ... 8 8 16 .... .... ... 4 .... ..... 7 ... 83
===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina...... 5 ..... .... 2 3 5 14 5 1 5 ..... 3 3 .... .... 20 15 16 28 .... 11 11 ... 24 171
Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania........... .... 8 3 ... .... .... ... ... 8 6 15 ..... ... 8 8 16 .... .... ... 4 .... ..... 7 ... 83
William Smith, of South Carolina........ .... ..... .... 7 .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... ... ... 7
===================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................. 5 8 3 9 3 5 14 5 9 11 15 3 3 8 8 36 15 16 28 4 11 11 7 24 261
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1917]
[1917]
1917
ELECTION FOR THE TWELFTH TERM, 1833-1837
Andrew Jackson, President; Martin Van Buren, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee............ 7 ..... .... 11 5 9 ... 5 10 3 ..... 4 4 7 8 42 15 21 30 .... .... 15 ... 23 219
Henry Clay, of Kentucky................. .... 8 3 ... .... .... 15 ... ..... 5 14 ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... 4 .... ..... ... ... 49
John Floyd, of Virginia................. .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... 11 ..... ... ... 11
William Wirt, of Maryland............... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... 7 ... 7
===================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Martin Van Buren, of New York........... 7 ..... .... 11 5 9 ... 5 10 3 ..... 4 4 7 8 42 15 21 ... .... .... 15 ... 23 189
John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania.......... .... 8 3 ... .... .... 15 ... ..... 5 14 ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... 4 .... ..... ... ... 49
William Wilkins, of Pennsylvania........ .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... 30 .... .... ..... ... ... 30
Henry Lee, of Massachusetts............. .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... 11 ..... ... ... 11
Amos Ellmaker, of Pennsylvania.......... .... ..... .... ... .... .... ... ... ..... ... ..... ..... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... ..... 7 ... 7
===================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................. 7 8 3 11 5 9 15 5 10 *8 14 4 4 7 8 42 15 21 30 4 11 15 7 23 286
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Two votes were not given in Maryland.
[1918]
[1918]
[[Page 675]]
1918
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTEENTH TERM, 1837-1841
Martin Van Buren, President; Richard M. Johnson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Martin Van Buren, of New York.............. 7 3 8 .... ... 5 .... ... 5 10 ..... ...... 3 4 4 7 ..... 42 15 ..... 30 4 ..... ...... ..... 23 170
William H. Harrison, of Ohio............... ..... ..... ...... 3 ... .... 9 15 ... ...... 10 ...... ...... ...... ... ..... 8 ..... ..... 21 ..... ..... ..... ...... 7 ..... 73
Hugh L. White, of Tennessee................ ..... ..... ...... .... 11 .... .... ... ... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 15 ..... ..... 26
Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts........... ..... ..... ...... .... ... .... .... ... ... ...... ..... 14 ...... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 14
Willie P. Mangum, of North Carolina........ ..... ..... ...... .... ... .... .... ... ... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 11 ...... ..... ..... 11
========================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky............ 7 3 8 .... ... 5 .... ... 5 10 ..... ...... 3 4 4 7 ..... 42 15 ..... 30 4 ..... ...... ..... ..... *147
Francis Granger, of New York............... ..... ..... ...... 3 ... .... 9 15 ... ...... ..... 14 ...... ...... ... ..... 8 ..... ..... 21 ..... ..... ..... ...... 7 ..... *77
John Tyler, of Virginia.................... ..... ..... ...... .... 11 .... .... ... ... ...... 10 ...... ...... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 11 15 ..... ..... 47
William Smith, of Alabama.................. ..... ..... ...... .... ... .... .... ... ... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... 23 23
========================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 7 3 8 3 11 5 9 15 5 10 10 14 3 4 4 7 8 42 15 21 30 4 11 15 7 23 294
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*There being no choice for Vice President by the people, the election devolved upon the Senate of the United States. Richard M. Johnson received 33 votes and Francis Granger 16 votes. Richard M. Johnson was thereupon declared
elected Vice President.
[1919]
[1919]
[[Page 676]]
1919
ELECTION FOR THE FOURTEENTH TERM, 1841-1845
William Henry Harrison,* President; John Tyler, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William H. Harrison, of Ohio........................ .... .... 8 3 11 .... 9 15 5 10 10 14 3 4 ... ..... 8 42 15 21 30 4 ..... 15 7 ..... 234
Martin Van Buren, of New York....................... 7 3 ...... .... ... 5 .... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... 4 7 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 11 ...... ... 23 60
===============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John Tyler, of Virginia............................. .... .... 8 3 11 .... 9 15 5 10 10 14 3 4 ... ..... 8 42 15 21 30 4 ..... 15 7 ..... 234
R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky.......................... 7 3 ...... .... ... 5 .... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... 4 7 ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ... 22 48
L. W. Tazewell, of Virginia......................... .... .... ...... .... ... .... .... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 11 ...... ... ..... 11
James K. Polk, of Tennessee......................... .... .... ...... .... ... .... .... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ... 1 1
===============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............................. 7 3 8 3 11 5 9 15 5 10 10 14 3 4 4 7 8 42 15 21 30 4 11 15 7 23 294
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, died at Washington, April 4, 1841. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon John Tyler, Vice President, he accordingly took the oath of
office April 6, 1841.
[1920]
[1920]
1920
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTEENTH TERM, 1845-1849
James K. Polk, President; George M. Dallas, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Conn. Del. Ga. Ill. Ind. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I.* S.C. Tenn. Vt. Va. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James K. Polk, of Tennessee.................. 9 3 ...... .... 10 9 12 ... 6 9 ..... ...... 5 6 7 6 ..... 36 ..... ..... 26 ..... 9 ...... ... 17 170
Henry Clay, of Kentucky...................... ..... ..... 6 3 ... .... .... 12 ... ...... 8 12 ...... ...... ... ..... 7 ..... 11 23 ..... 4 ..... 13 6 ..... 105
======================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
George M. Dallas, of Pennsylvania............ 9 3 ...... .... 10 9 12 ... 6 9 ..... ...... 5 6 7 6 ..... 36 ..... ..... 26 ..... 9 ...... ... 17 170
Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey........ ..... ..... 6 3 ... .... .... 12 ... ...... 8 12 ...... ...... ... ..... 7 ..... 11 23 ..... 4 ..... 13 6 ..... 105
======================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....................... 9 3 6 3 10 9 12 12 6 9 8 12 5 6 7 6 7 36 11 23 26 4 9 13 6 17 275
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*And Providence Plantations.
[1921]
[1921]
[[Page 677]]
1921
ELECTION FOR THE SIXTEENTH TERM, 1849-1853
Zachary Taylor,* President; Millard Fillmore, Vice President
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Miss.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana. ..... ..... 6 3 3 10 ..... ..... ...... 12 6 ...... 8 12 ...... ......
Lewis Cass, of Michigan...... 9 3 ...... ..... ..... ..... 9 12 4 ..... ..... 9 ...... ...... 5 6
======================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Millard Fillmore, of New York ..... ..... 6 3 3 10 ..... ..... ...... 12 6 ...... 8 12 ...... ......
W. O. Butler, of Kentucky.... 9 3 ...... ..... ..... ..... 9 12 4 ..... ..... 9 ...... ...... 5 6
======================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....... 9 3 6 3 3 10 9 12 4 12 6 9 8 12 5 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. Wis. Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana...... ..... ...... 7 36 11 ..... 26 4 ...... 13 ..... 6 ..... ..... 163
Lewis Cass, of Michigan........... 7 6 ...... ...... ...... 23 ...... ...... 9 ...... 4 ..... 17 4 127
=================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Millard Fillmore, of New York..... ..... ...... 7 36 11 ..... 26 4 ...... 13 ..... 6 ..... ..... 163
W. O. Butler, of Kentucky......... 7 6 ...... ...... ...... 23 ...... ...... 9 ...... 4 ..... 17 4 127
=================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............ 7 6 7 36 11 23 26 4 9 13 4 6 17 4 290
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Zachary Taylor, twelfth President of the United States, died at Washington, July 9, 1850. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this
event, upon the Vice President, Millard Fillmore, he accordingly took the oath of office July 10, 1850.
[1922]
[1922]
[[Page 678]]
1922
ELECTION FOR THE SEVENTEENTH TERM, 1853-1857
Franklin Pierce, President; William R. King, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire........................... 9 4 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 ...... 6 8 8 ...... 6
Winfield Scott, of New Jersey............................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... ...... 13 ......
===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
William R. King, of Alabama................................. 9 4 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 ...... 6 8 8 ...... 6
William A. Graham, of North Carolina........................ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... ...... 13 ......
===============================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...................................... 9 4 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 12 6 8 8 13 6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire........................... 7 9 5 7 35 10 23 27 4 8 ...... 4 ...... 15 5 254
Winfield Scott, of New Jersey............................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... 5 ...... ...... 42
===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
William R. King, of Alabama................................. 7 9 5 7 35 10 23 27 4 8 ...... 4 ...... 15 5 254
William A. Graham, of North Carolina........................ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... 5 ...... ...... 42
===============================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...................................... 7 9 5 7 35 10 23 27 4 8 12 4 5 15 5 296
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1923]
[1923]
[[Page 679]]
1923
ELECTION FOR THE EIGHTEENTH TERM, 1857-1861
James Buchanan, President; John C. Breckinridge, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania............................. 9 4 4 ...... 3 3 10 11 13 ...... 12 6 ...... ...... ...... ......
John C. Fremont, of California.............................. ...... ...... ...... 6 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 ...... ...... 8 ...... 13 6
Millard Fillmore, of New York............................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 8 ...... ......
===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky........................... 9 4 4 ...... 3 3 10 11 13 ...... 12 6 ...... ...... ...... ......
William L. Dayton, of New Jersey............................ ...... ...... ...... 6 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 ...... ...... 8 ...... 13 6
Andrew J. Donelson, of Tennessee............................ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 8 ...... ......
===============================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...................................... 9 4 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 12 6 8 8 13 6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn Tex. Vt. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania............................. 7 9 ...... 7 ...... 10 ...... 27 ...... 8 12 4 ...... 15 ...... 174
John C. Fremont, of California.............................. ...... ...... 5 ...... 35 ...... 23 ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 114
Millard Fillmore, of New York............................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 8
===============================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky........................... 7 9 ...... 7 ...... 10 ...... 27 ...... 8 12 4 ...... 15 ...... 174
William L. Dayton, of New Jersey............................ ...... ...... 5 ...... 35 ...... 23 ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 114
Andrew J. Donelson, of Tennessee............................ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 8
===============================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...................................... 7 9 5 7 35 10 23 27 4 8 12 4 5 15 5 296
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1924]
[1924]
[[Page 680]]
1924
ELECTION FOR THE NINETEENTH TERM, 1861-1865
Abraham Lincoln, President; Hannibal Hamlin, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........................ ...... ...... 4 6 ...... ...... ...... 11 13 4 ...... ...... 8 ...... 13 6 4
John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky................... 9 4 ...... ...... 3 3 10 ...... ...... ...... ...... 6 ...... 8 ...... ...... ......
John Bell, of Tennessee............................. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois..................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
=======================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine........................... ...... ...... 4 6 ...... ...... ...... 11 13 4 ...... ...... 8 ...... 13 6 4
Joseph Lane, of Oregon.............................. 9 4 ...... ...... 3 3 10 ...... ...... ...... ...... 6 ...... 8 ...... ...... ......
Edward Everett, of Massachusetts.................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia..................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
=======================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............................. 9 4 4 6 3 3 10 11 13 4 12 6 8 8 13 6 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Miss. Mo. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Texas Vt. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........................ ...... ...... 5 4 35 ...... 23 3 27 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 180
John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky................... 7 ...... ...... ...... ...... 10 ...... ...... ...... ...... 8 ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... 72
John Bell, of Tennessee............................. ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... 15 ...... 39
Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois..................... ...... 9 ...... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12
=======================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine........................... ...... ...... 5 4 35 ...... 23 3 27 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 180
Joseph Lane, of Oregon.............................. 7 ...... ...... ...... ...... 10 ...... ...... ...... ...... 8 ...... 4 ...... ...... ...... 72
Edward Everett, of Massachusetts.................... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 ...... ...... 15 ...... 39
Herschel V. Johnson, of Georgia..................... ...... 9 ...... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12
=======================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............................. 7 9 5 7 35 10 23 3 27 4 8 12 4 5 15 5 303
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1925]
[1925]
[[Page 681]]
1925
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTIETH TERM, 1865-1869
Abraham Lincoln,* President; Andrew Johnson, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois........ ...... ...... 5 6 ...... ...... ...... 16 13 8 3 ...... ...... 7 7 12 8 4 ......
George B. McClellan, of New Jersey.. ...... ...... ...... ...... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 11 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
=======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee........ ...... ...... 5 6 ...... ...... ...... 16 13 8 3 ...... ...... 7 7 12 8 4 ......
George H. Pendleton, of Ohio........ ...... ...... ...... ...... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 11 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
=======================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............. ...... ...... 5 6 3 ...... ...... 16 13 8 3 11 ...... 7 7 12 8 4 ......
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois................ 11 2 5 ...... 33 ...... 21 3 26 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 8 212
George B. McClellan, of New Jersey.......... ...... ...... ...... 7 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 21
===============================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee................ 11 2 5 ...... 33 ...... 21 3 26 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 8 212
George H. Pendleton, of Ohio................ ...... ...... ...... 7 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 21
===============================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote...................... 11 2 5 7 33 ...... 21 3 26 4 ...... ...... ...... 5 ...... 5 8 233
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin on the night of April 14, 1865, and died the following morning. The duties of the Presidential office
devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Andrew Johnson, he accordingly took the oath of office April 15, 1865.
[1926]
[1926]
[[Page 682]]
1926
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST TERM, 1869-1873
Ulysses S. Grant, President; Schuyler Colfax, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois. 8 5 5 6 ..... 3 ..... 16 13 8 3 ..... ..... 7 ..... 12 8 4 ....... 11
Horatio Seymour, of New York.. ..... ..... ....... ....... 3 ..... 9 ..... ..... ....... ....... 11 7 ....... 7 ....... ....... ....... ....... .....
=============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana... 8 5 5 6 ..... 3 ..... 16 13 8 3 ..... ..... 7 ..... 12 8 4 ....... 11
Francis P. Blair, Jr., of ..... ..... ....... ....... 3 ..... 9 ..... ..... ....... ....... 11 7 ....... 7 ....... ....... ....... ....... .....
Missouri.....................
=============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........ 8 5 5 6 3 3 9 16 13 8 3 11 7 7 7 12 8 4 ....... 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total, Total,
excluding including
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. vote of vote of
Georgia Georgia
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois........ 3 3 5 ..... ..... 9 21 ....... 26 4 6 10 ..... 5 ..... 5 8 214 214
Horatio Seymour, of New York......... ....... ..... ..... 7 33 ..... ....... 3 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 71 80
======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana.......... 3 3 5 ..... ..... 9 21 ....... 26 4 6 10 ..... 5 ..... 5 8 214 214
Francis P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri... ....... ..... ..... 7 33 ..... ....... 3 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 71 80
======================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............... 3 3 5 7 33 9 21 3 26 4 6 10 ..... 5 ..... 5 8 285 29
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1927]
[1927]
[[Page 683]]
1927
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SECOND TERM, 1873-1877
Ulysses S. Grant, President; Henry Wilson,* Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois....... 10 ...... 6 6 3 4 ...... 21 15 11 5 ...... ...... 7 ...... 13 11 5 8
Horace Greeley, of New York......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... (By resolution of the House, 3 votes cast for Horace Greeley were not counted.
[1927]
[1927]
[[Page 684]]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Ulysses S. Grant, of Illinois....... ...... 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 7 ...... ...... 5 11 5 10 286
Horace Greeley, of New York......... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ......
B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri......... 8 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 18
Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana..... 6 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 8 ...... ...... ...... ...... 42
Charles J. Jenkins, of Georgia...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 2
David Davis, of Illinois............ 1 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1
=======================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts...... ...... 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 7 ...... ...... 5 11 5 10 286
B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri......... 6 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 12 8 ...... ...... ...... ...... 47
N. P. Banks, of Massachusetts....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1
George W. Julian, of Indiana........ 5 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 5
Alfred H. Colquitt, of Georgia...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 5
John M. Palmer, of Illinois......... 3 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 3
Thomas E. Bramlette, of Kentucky.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 3
William S. Groesbeck, of Ohio....... 1 ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1
Willis B. Machen, of Kentucky....... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... 1
=======================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............. 15 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 7 12 8 5 11 5 10 352
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1928]
[1928]
[[Page 685]]
1928
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-THIRD TERM, 1877-1881
Rutherford B. Hayes, President; William A. Wheeler, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio.. ..... ..... 6 3 ..... ..... 4 ..... 21 ....... 11 5 ..... 8 7 ....... 13 11 5 .....
Samuel J. Tilden, of New York. 10 6 ....... ....... 6 3 ..... 11 ..... 15 ....... ..... 12 ....... ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 8
=============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
William A. Wheeler, of New ..... ..... 6 3 ..... ..... 4 ..... 21 ....... 11 5 ..... 8 7 ....... 13 11 5 .....
York.........................
Thomas A. Hendricks, of 10 6 ....... ....... 6 3 ..... 11 ..... 15 ....... ..... 12 ....... ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 8
Indiana......................
=============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........ 10 6 6 3 6 3 4 11 21 15 11 5 12 8 7 8 13 11 5 8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Rutherford B. Hayes, of Ohio............... ..... 3 3 5 ..... ...... ...... 22 3 29 4 7 ....... ..... 5 ... ....... 10 185
Samuel J. Tilden, of New York.............. 15 ....... ...... ...... 9 35 10 ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... 12 8 ... 11 5 ..... 184
================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
William A. Wheeler, of New York............ ..... 3 3 5 ..... ...... ...... 22 3 29 4 7 ....... ..... 5 ... ....... 10 185
Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana............ 15 ....... ...... ...... 9 35 10 ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... 12 8 ... 11 5 ..... 184
================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 15 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 7 12 8 5 11 5 10 369
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1929]
[1929]
[[Page 686]]
1929
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FOURTH TERM, 1881-1885
James A. Garfield,* President; Chester A. Arthur, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James A. Garfield, of Ohio.... ..... ..... 1 3 6 ..... ..... ..... 21 15 11 5 ..... ....... 7 ....... 13 11 5 .....
Winfield S. Hancock, of 10 6 5 ....... ..... 3 4 11 ..... ....... ....... ..... 12 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 8
Pennsylvania.................
=============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Chester A. Arthur, of New York ..... ..... 1 3 6 ..... ..... ..... 21 15 11 5 ..... ....... 7 ....... 13 11 5 .....
William H. English, of Indiana 10 6 5 ....... ..... 3 4 11 ..... ....... ....... ..... 12 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 8
=============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........ 10 6 6 3 6 3 4 11 21 15 11 5 12 8 7 8 13 11 5 8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
James A. Garfield, of Ohio................. ..... 3 ...... 5 ..... 35 ...... 22 3 29 4 ...... ....... ..... 5 ... ....... 10 214
Winfield S. Hancock, of Pennsylvania....... 15 ....... 3 ...... 9 ...... 10 ...... ...... ..... ...... 7 12 8 ... 11 5 ..... 155
================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Chester A. Arthur, of New York............. ..... 3 ...... 5 ..... 35 ...... 22 3 29 4 ...... ....... ..... 5 ... ....... 10 214
William H. English, of Indiana............. 15 ....... 3 ...... 9 ...... 10 ...... ...... ..... ...... 7 12 8 ... 11 5 ..... 155
================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 15 3 3 5 9 35 10 22 3 29 4 7 12 8 5 11 5 10 369
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*James A. Garfield, the twentieth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin July 2, 1881, and died from the effects of his wounds September 19, 1881. The duties of the
Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Chester A. Arthur, he accordingly took the oath of office in New York City, September 20, 1881, and again formally took
the oath of office at Washington, September 22, 1881.
The vote of Georgia, cast on the 8th of December, second Wednesday of the month, if not counted would reduce this total to 144.
[1930]
[1930]
[[Page 687]]
1930
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-FIFTH TERM, 1885-1889
Grover Cleveland, President; Thomas A. Hendricks,* Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Grover Cleveland, of New York. 10 7 ....... ....... 6 3 4 12 ..... 15 ....... ..... 13 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 9
James G. Blaine, of Maine..... ..... ..... 8 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 22 ....... 13 9 ..... ....... 6 ....... 14 13 7 .....
=============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Thomas A. Hendricks, of 10 7 ....... ....... 6 3 4 12 ..... 15 ....... ..... 13 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 9
Indiana......................
John A. Logan, of Illinois.... ..... ..... 8 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 22 ....... 13 9 ..... ....... 6 ....... 14 13 7 .....
=============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........ 10 7 8 3 6 3 4 12 22 15 13 9 13 8 6 8 14 13 7 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Grover Cleveland, of New York.............. 16 ....... ...... ...... 9 36 11 ...... ...... ..... ...... 9 12 13 ... 12 6 ..... 219
James G. Blaine, of Maine.................. ..... 5 3 4 ..... ...... ...... 23 3 30 4 ...... ....... ..... 4 ... ....... 11 182
================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Thomas A. Hendricks, of Indiana............ 16 ....... ...... ...... 9 36 11 ...... ...... ..... ...... 9 12 13 ... 12 6 ..... 219
John A. Logan, of Illinois................. ..... 5 3 4 ..... ...... ...... 23 3 30 4 ...... ....... ..... 4 ... ....... 11 182
================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 16 5 3 4 9 36 11 23 3 30 4 9 12 13 4 12 6 11 401
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Thomas A. Hendricks died at Indianapolis, Ind., Nov. 25, 1885, aged 66 years.
[1931]
[1931]
[[Page 688]]
1931
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SIXTH TERM, 1889-1893
Benjamin Harrison, President; Levi P. Morton, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana. ..... ..... 8 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 22 15 13 9 ..... ....... 6 ....... 14 13 7 .....
Grover Cleveland, of New York. 10 7 ....... ....... 6 3 4 12 ..... ....... ....... ..... 13 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 9
=============================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Levi P. Morton, of New York... ..... ..... 8 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 22 15 13 9 ..... ....... 6 ....... 14 13 7 .....
Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio..... 10 7 ....... ....... 6 3 4 12 ..... ....... ....... ..... 13 8 ..... 8 ....... ....... ....... 9
=============================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........ 10 7 8 3 6 3 4 12 22 15 13 9 13 8 6 8 14 13 7 9
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Mo. Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. W. Va. Wis. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana.............. ..... 5 3 4 ..... 36 ...... 23 3 30 4 ...... ....... ..... 4 ... ....... 11 233
Grover Cleveland, of New York.............. 16 ....... ...... ...... 9 ...... 11 ...... ...... ..... ...... 9 12 13 ... 12 6 ..... 168
================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Levi P. Morton, of New York................ ..... 5 3 4 ..... 36 ...... 23 3 30 4 ...... ....... ..... 4 ... ....... 11 233
Allen G. Thurman, of Ohio.................. 16 ....... ...... ...... 9 ...... 11 ...... ...... ..... ...... 9 12 13 ... 12 6 ..... 168
================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 16 5 3 4 9 36 11 23 3 30 4 9 12 13 4 12 6 11 401
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1932]
[1932]
[[Page 689]]
1932
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1893-1897
Grover Cleveland, President; Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Grover Cleveland, of New York............................ 11 8 8 ...... 6 3 4 13 ...... 24 15 ..... ...... 13 8 ...... 8 ..... 5 ...... 9 17 ......
Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana............................ ..... ..... 1 ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 13 ...... ..... ..... 6 ...... 15 9 9 ..... ...... 3
James B. Weaver, of Iowa................................. ..... ..... ...... 4 ...... ..... ..... ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... 10 ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ...... ......
==========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois.......................... 11 8 8 ...... 6 3 4 13 ...... 24 15 ..... ...... 13 8 ...... 8 ..... 5 ...... 9 17 ......
Whitelaw Reid, of New York............................... ..... ..... 1 ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 13 ...... ..... ..... 6 ...... 15 9 9 ..... ...... 3
James G. Field, of Virginia.............................. ..... ..... ...... 4 ...... ..... ..... ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... 10 ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ...... ......
==========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................... 11 8 9 4 6 3 4 13 3 24 15 13 10 13 8 6 8 15 14 9 9 17 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Grover Cleveland, of New York................................. ...... ..... ..... 10 36 11 1 1 ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 15 ..... 12 ....... 6 12 ...... 277
Benjamin Harrison, of Indiana................................. 8 ..... 4 ..... ..... ..... 1 22 3 32 4 ..... 4 ...... ..... 4 ..... 4 ....... ..... 3 145
James B. Weaver, of Iowa...................................... ...... 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 ...... 1 ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ....... ..... ...... 22
=====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois............................... ...... ..... ..... 10 36 11 1 1 ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 15 ..... 12 ....... 6 12 ...... 277
Whitelaw Reid, of New York.................................... 8 ..... 4 ..... ..... ..... 1 22 3 32 4 ..... 4 ...... ..... 4 ..... 4 ....... ..... 3 145
James G. Field, of Virginia................................... ...... 3 ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 ...... 1 ..... ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ....... ..... ...... 22
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........................................ 8 3 4 10 36 11 3 23 4 32 4 9 4 12 15 4 12 4 6 12 3 444
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1933]
[1933]
[[Page 690]]
1933
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1897-1901
William McKinley, President; Garret A. Hobart,* Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William McKinley, of Ohio.............................. ..... ..... 8 ...... 6 3 ..... ..... ...... 24 15 13 ...... 12 ..... 6 8 15 14 9 ...... ..... .....
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska.......................... 11 8 1 4 ...... ..... 4 13 3 ..... ..... ...... 10 1 8 ....... ..... ...... ...... ...... 9 17 3
============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey........................ ..... ..... 8 ...... 6 3 ..... ..... ...... 24 15 13 ...... 12 ..... 6 8 15 14 9 ...... ..... .....
Arthur Sewall, of Maine................................ 11 5 1 4 ...... ..... 4 13 3 ..... ..... ...... 10 1 4 ....... ..... ...... ...... ...... 9 13 2
Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia........................... ..... 3 ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ...... ..... 4 ....... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... 4 1
============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................. 11 8 9 4 6 3 4 13 3 24 15 13 10 13 8 6 8 15 14 9 9 17 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William McKinley, of Ohio............................... ...... ..... 4 10 36 ..... 3 23 4 32 4 ..... ...... ...... ..... ...... 4 ..... ...... 6 12 ..... 271
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska........................... 8 3 ..... ..... ..... 11 ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... 9 4 12 15 3 ..... 12 4 ....... ..... 3 176
===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Garret A. Hobart, of New Jersey......................... ...... ..... 4 10 36 ..... 3 23 4 32 4 ..... ...... ...... ..... ...... 4 ..... ...... 6 12 ..... 271
Arthur Sewall, of Maine................................. 4 3 ..... ..... ..... 6 ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... 9 2 12 15 2 ..... 12 2 ....... ..... 2 149
Thomas E. Watson, of Georgia............................ 4 ..... ..... ..... ..... 5 ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... ..... 2 ...... ..... 1 ..... ..... 2 ....... ..... 1 27
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................. 8 3 4 10 36 11 3 23 4 32 4 9 4 12 15 3 4 12 4 6 12 3 447
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Garret A. Hobart died at Paterson, N.J., Nov. 21, 1899, aged 55 years.
[1934]
[1934]
[[Page 691]]
1934
ELECTION FOR THE TWENTY-NINTH TERM, 1901-1905
William McKinley,* President; Theodore Roosevelt, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William McKinley, of Ohio.............................. ..... ..... 9 ...... 6 3 ..... ..... ...... 24 15 13 10 ..... ..... 6 8 15 14 9 ...... ..... ......
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska.......................... 11 8 ...... 4 ...... ..... 4 13 3 ..... ..... ...... ...... 13 8 ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... 9 17 3
============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York........................ ..... ..... 9 ...... 6 3 ..... ..... ...... 24 15 13 10 ..... ..... 6 8 15 14 9 ...... ..... ......
Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois........................ 11 8 ...... 4 ...... ..... 4 13 3 ..... ..... ...... ...... 13 8 ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... 9 17 3
============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................. 11 8 9 4 6 3 4 13 3 24 15 13 10 13 8 6 8 15 14 9 9 17 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William McKinley, of Ohio.................................. 8 ..... 4 10 36 ..... 3 23 4 32 4 ..... 4 ..... ..... 3 4 ..... 4 6 12 3 292
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska.............................. ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... 11 ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 15 ...... ..... 12 ....... ....... ..... ..... 155
========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York............................ 8 ..... 4 10 36 ..... 3 23 4 32 4 ..... 4 ..... ..... 3 4 ..... 4 6 12 3 292
Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois............................ ..... 3 ..... ..... ..... 11 ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 15 ...... ..... 12 ....... ....... ..... ..... 155
========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................................... 8 3 4 10 36 11 3 23 4 32 4 9 4 12 15 3 4 12 4 6 12 3 447
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*William McKinley, the twenty-fourth President of the United States, was shot by an assassin Sept. 6, 1901, and died Sept. 14, 1901. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Theodore
Roosevelt, he accordingly took the oath of office at Buffalo, N.Y., on Sept. 14, 1901.
[1935]
[1935]
[[Page 692]]
1935
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTIETH TERM, 1905-1909
Theodore Roosevelt, President; Charles Warren Fairbanks, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York........................ ..... ..... 10 5 7 3 ..... ..... 3 27 15 13 10 ..... ..... 6 1 16 14 11 ...... 18 3
Alton B. Parker, of New York........................... 11 9 ...... ...... ...... ..... 5 13 ...... ..... ..... ...... ...... 13 9 ...... 7 ...... ...... ...... 10 ..... ......
============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana....................... ..... ..... 10 5 7 3 ..... ..... 3 27 15 13 10 ..... ..... 6 1 16 14 11 ...... 18 3
Henry G. Davis, of West Virginia....................... 11 9 ...... ...... ...... ..... 5 13 ...... ..... ..... ...... ...... 13 9 ...... 7 ...... ...... ...... 10 ..... ......
============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................. 11 9 10 5 7 3 5 13 3 27 15 13 10 13 9 6 8 16 14 11 10 18 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York........................... 8 3 4 12 39 ..... 4 23 4 34 4 ...... 4 ..... ..... 3 4 ...... 5 7 13 3 336
Alton B. Parker, of New York.............................. ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 12 ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 18 ...... ..... 12 ...... ...... ...... ..... 140
=========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana.......................... 8 3 4 12 39 ..... 4 23 4 34 4 ...... 4 ..... ..... 3 4 ...... 5 7 13 3 336
Henry G. Davis, of West Virginia.......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 12 ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 9 ...... 12 18 ...... ..... 12 ...... ...... ...... ..... 140
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................... 8 3 4 12 39 12 4 23 4 34 4 9 4 12 18 3 4 12 5 7 13 3 476
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1936]
[1936]
[[Page 693]]
1936
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FIRST TERM, 1909-1913
William Howard Taft, President; James Schoolcraft Sherman,* Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William H. Taft, of Ohio...................................... ..... ..... 10 ...... 7 3 ..... ... 3 27 15 13 10 ..... ... 6 2 16 14 11 ..... 18 3
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska................................. 11 9 ...... 5 ....... ..... 5 13 ....... .... ..... ...... ...... 13 9 ....... 6 ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ......
=====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
James S. Sherman, of New York................................. ..... ..... 10 ...... 7 3 ..... ... 3 27 15 13 10 ..... ... 6 2 16 14 11 ..... 18 3
John W. Kern, of Indiana...................................... 11 9 ...... 5 ....... ..... 5 13 ....... .... ..... ...... ...... 13 9 ....... 6 ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ......
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........................................ 11 9 10 5 7 3 5 13 3 27 15 13 10 13 9 6 8 16 14 11 10 18 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
William H. Taft, of Ohio.............................. ...... ..... 4 12 39 ..... 4 23 ..... 4 34 4 ..... 4 ...... ..... 3 4 ... 5 7 13 3 321
William J. Bryan, of Nebraska......................... 8 3 ..... .... ..... 12 ........ ..... 7 ..... ... ..... 9 ........ 12 18 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... .... ..... 162
=============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
James S. Sherman, of New York......................... ...... ..... 4 12 39 ..... 4 23 ..... 4 34 4 ..... 4 ...... ..... 3 4 ... 5 7 13 3 321
John W. Kern, of Indiana.............................. 8 3 ..... .... ..... 12 ........ ..... 7 ..... ... ..... 9 ........ 12 18 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... .... ..... 162
=============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................ 8 3 4 12 39 12 4 23 7 4 34 4 9 4 12 18 3 4 12 5 7 13 3 483
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*James S. Sherman died at Utica, N.Y., Oct. 30, 1912, aged 57 years.
[1937]
[1937]
[[Page 694]]
1937
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SECOND TERM, 1913-1917
Woodrow Wilson, President; Thomas Riley Marshall, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Neb.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey........................... 12 3 9 2 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 ...... ...... 10 18 4 8
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York......................... .... ..... .... 11 ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ....... ... ...... 15 12 ..... ... ...... .....
William H. Taft, of Ohio................................ .... ..... .... ...... ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ....... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ...... .....
===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana.......................... 12 3 9 2 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 ...... ...... 10 18 4 8
Hiram W. Johnson, of California......................... .... ..... .... 11 ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ....... ... ...... 15 12 ..... ... ...... .....
Nicholas M. Butler,* of New York........................ .... ..... .... ...... ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ....... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ...... .....
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................. 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey............................... 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 ..... 5 9 .... 12 20 ..... ..... 12 ..... 8 13 3 435
Theodore Roosevelt, of New York............................. ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 38 .... .... 5 ...... ..... ..... ..... ... 7 ....... ..... ..... 88
William H. Taft, of Ohio.................................... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... .... ...... ..... 4 4 ... ..... ....... ..... ..... 8
=======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President: .....
Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana.............................. 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 ..... 5 9 .... 12 20 ..... ..... 12 ..... 8 13 3 435
Hiram W. Johnson, of California............................. ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 38 .... .... 5 ...... ..... ..... ..... ... 7 ....... ..... ..... 88
Nicholas M. Butler,* of New York............................ ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... .... .... ...... ..... 4 4 ... ..... ....... ..... ..... 8
=======================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................... 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*After the election, was selected to receive the electoral votes of the States of Utah and Vermont owing to the death of James S. Sherman.
[1938]
[1938]
[[Page 695]]
1938
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-THIRD TERM, 1917-1921
Woodrow Wilson, President; Thomas Riley Marshall, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey.................. 12 3 9 13 6 ...... ..... 6 14 4 ..... ..... ...... 10 13 10 ...... 8 ...... ...... ...... 10 18 4
Charles E. Hughes, of New York................. ..... ...... ..... ...... ...... 7 3 ..... ..... ...... 29 15 13 ...... ..... ..... 6 ..... 18 15 12 ...... ..... ......
====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President: ......
Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana................. 12 3 9 13 6 ...... ..... 6 14 4 ..... ..... ...... 10 13 10 ...... 8 ...... ...... ...... 10 18 4
Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana............... ..... ...... ..... ...... ...... 7 3 ..... ..... ...... 29 15 13 ...... ..... ..... 6 ..... 18 15 12 ...... ..... ......
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................... 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Woodrow Wilson, of New Jersey............ 8 3 4 ..... 3 ..... 12 5 24 10 ...... ... ..... 9 ...... 12 20 4 ..... 12 7 1 ..... 3 277
Charles E. Hughes, of New York........... ...... ..... ..... 14 ...... 45 ..... ...... ...... ...... 5 38 5 ..... 5 ...... ..... ...... 4 ..... ...... 7 13 ...... 254
==========================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Thomas R. Marshall, of Indiana........... 8 3 4 ..... 3 ..... 12 5 24 10 ...... ... ..... 9 ...... 12 20 4 ..... 12 7 1 ..... 3 277
Charles W. Fairbanks, of Indiana......... ...... ..... ..... 14 ...... 45 ..... ...... ...... ...... 5 38 5 ..... 5 ...... ..... ...... 4 ..... ...... 7 13 ...... 254
==========================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................... 8 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1939]
[1939]
[[Page 696]]
1939
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FOURTH TERM, 1921-1925
Warren G. Harding,* President; Calvin Coolidge, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Warren G. Harding, of Ohio............................ .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 .... ... 4 29 15 13 10 ... ... 6 8 18 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
James M. Cox, of Ohio................................. 12 ..... 9 ...... ...... ...... .... 6 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... 13 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .......
=============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts..................... .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 .... ... 4 29 15 13 10 ... ... 6 8 18 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York.................... 12 ..... 9 ...... ...... ...... .... 6 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... 13 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .......
=============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote................................ 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nev. N.H. N.J. N. Mex. N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Warren G. Harding, of Ohio.......................... 3 4 14 3 45 ..... 5 24 10 5 38 5 .... 5 12 ..... 4 4 ... 7 8 13 3 404
James M. Cox, of Ohio............................... ..... ..... ..... ........ ..... 12 ........ ..... ..... ..... ... .... 9 ........ ...... 20 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... ..... ...... 127
===============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts................... 3 4 14 3 45 ..... 5 24 10 5 38 5 .... 5 12 ..... 4 4 ... 7 8 13 3 404
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York.................. ..... ..... ..... ........ ..... 12 ........ ..... ..... ..... ... .... 9 ........ ...... 20 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... ..... ...... 127
===============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.............................. 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Warren G. Harding, the twenty-eighth President of the United States, died on Aug. 2, 1923. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Calvin Coolidge, he accordingly took the oath of
office at Plymouth, Vt., on Aug. 3, 1923.
[1940]
[1940]
[[Page 697]]
1940
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-FIFTH TERM, 1925-1929
Calvin Coolidge, President; Charles G. Dawes, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Calvin Coolidge, of Massachusetts......................... .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 .... ... 4 29 15 13 10 13 ... 6 8 18 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
John W. Davis, of West Virginia........................... 12 ..... 9 ...... ..... ...... .... 6 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ...... ... ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .....
Robert M. La Follette, of Wisconsin....................... .... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ...... .....
=========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles G. Dawes, of Illinois............................. .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 .... ... 4 29 15 13 10 13 ... 6 8 18 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
Charles W. Bryan, of Nebraska............................. 12 ..... 9 ...... ..... ...... .... 6 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ...... ... ...... ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .....
Burton K. Wheeler, of Montana............................. .... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ...... .....
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................... 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Calvin Coolidge, of 3 4 14 3 45 .... 5 24 ...... 5 38 5 ..... 5 ..... .... 4 4 ... 7 8 .... 3 382
Massachusetts............
John W. Davis, of West ..... .... ..... ..... ..... 12 .... .... 10 ..... ..... ..... 9 .... 12 20 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... .... .... 136
Virginia.................
Robert M. La Follette, of ..... .... ..... ..... ..... .... .... .... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... .... ...... ... ... ...... ....... 13 .... 13
Wisconsin................
=================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles G. Dawes, of 3 4 14 3 45 .... 5 24 ...... 5 38 5 ..... 5 ..... .... 4 4 ... 7 8 .... 3 382
Illinois.................
Charles W. Bryan, of ..... .... ..... ..... ..... 12 .... .... 10 ..... ..... ..... 9 .... 12 20 ...... ... 12 ...... ....... .... .... 136
Nebraska.................
Burton K. Wheeler, of ..... .... ..... ..... ..... .... .... .... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... .... ...... ... ... ...... ....... 13 .... 13
Montana..................
=================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.... 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 531
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1941]
[1941]
[[Page 698]]
1941
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SIXTH TERM, 1929-1933
Herbert C. Hoover, President; Charles Curtis, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont. Nebr.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Herbert C. Hoover, of California........................ .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 6 ... 4 29 15 13 10 13 ... 6 8 ...... 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
Alfred E. Smith, of New York............................ 12 ..... 9 ...... ...... ...... .... .... 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ....... ... 18 ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .....
===========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles Curtis, of Kansas............................... .... 3 .... 13 6 7 3 6 ... 4 29 15 13 10 13 ... 6 8 ...... 15 12 ..... 18 4 8
Joseph T. Robinson, of Arkansas......................... 12 ..... 9 ...... ...... ...... .... .... 14 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ....... ... 18 ...... ...... 10 ... ...... .....
===========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................. 12 3 9 13 6 7 3 6 14 4 29 15 13 10 13 10 6 8 18 15 12 10 18 4 8
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Herbert C. Hoover, of 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 ..... ..... 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 444
California..............
Alfred E. Smith, of New ..... .... ..... ...... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... ..... 5 9 .... ..... .... ..... ... ..... ...... ....... .... .... 87
York....................
==================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Charles Curtis, of Kansas 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 ..... ..... 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 3 444
Joseph T. Robinson, of ..... .... ..... ...... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... ..... 5 9 .... ..... .... ..... ... ..... ...... ....... .... .... 87
Arkansas................
==================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote... 3 4 14 3 45 12 5 24 10 5 38 5 9 5 12 20 4 4 12 7 8 13 8 531
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1942]
[1942]
[[Page 699]]
1942
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1933-1937
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; John N. Garner, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................... 11 3 9 22 6 ....... .... 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 ....... 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
Herbert C. Hoover, of California............................. .... ..... .... ...... ...... 8 3 .... ... ....... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John N. Garner, of Texas..................................... 11 3 9 22 6 ....... .... 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 ....... 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
Charles Curtis, of Kansas.................................... .... ..... .... ...... ...... 8 3 .... ... ....... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....................................... 11 3 9 22 6 8 3 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 5 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................ 7 3 .... 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 ..... 4 8 4 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 472
Herbert C. Hoover, of California.......................... ..... ..... 4 ..... ...... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... 36 ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... .... .... 59
=========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John N. Garner, of Texas.................................. 7 3 .... 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 ..... 4 8 4 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 472
Charles Curtis, of Kansas................................. ..... ..... 4 ..... ...... ..... .... .... .... ..... ..... 36 ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... .... .... 59
=========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote.................................... 7 3 4 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 36 4 8 4 11 23 4 3 11 8 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1943]
[1943]
[[Page 700]]
1943
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1937-1941
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; John N. Garner, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................... 11 3 9 22 6 8 3 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 ....... 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
Alfred M. Landon, of Kansas.................................. .... ..... .... ...... ...... ....... .... .... ... ....... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John N. Garner, of Texas..................................... 11 3 9 22 6 8 3 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 ....... 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
Frank Knox, of Illinois...................................... .... ..... .... ...... ...... ....... .... .... ... ....... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....................................... 11 3 9 22 6 8 3 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 5 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York................ 7 3 4 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 36 4 8 4 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 523
Alfred M. Landon, of Kansas....................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... ...... ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 8
=================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
John N. Garner, of Texas.......................... 7 3 4 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 36 4 8 4 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 523
Frank Knox, of Illinois........................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... ...... ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 8
=================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............................ 7 3 4 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 36 4 8 4 11 23 4 3 11 8 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1944]
[1944]
[[Page 701]]
1944
ELECTION FOR THE THIRTY-NINTH TERM, 1941-1945
Franklin D. Roosevelt, President; Henry A. Wallace, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................... 11 3 9 22 ...... 8 3 7 12 4 29 ..... ...... ...... 11 10 ....... 8 17 ...... 11 9 15 4
Wendell L. Willkie, of New York.............................. .... ..... .... ...... 6 ....... .... .... ... ....... .... 14 11 9 ... ... 5 ... ...... 19 ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Henry A. Wallace, of Iowa.................................... 11 3 9 22 ...... 8 3 7 12 4 29 ..... ...... ...... 11 10 ....... 8 17 ...... 11 9 15 4
Charles L. McNary, of Oregon................................. .... ..... .... ...... 6 ....... .... .... ... ....... .... 14 11 9 ... ... 5 ... ...... 19 ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....................................... 11 3 9 22 6 8 3 7 12 4 29 14 11 9 11 10 5 8 17 19 11 9 15 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York................ ...... 3 4 16 3 47 13 ...... 26 11 5 36 4 8 ...... 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 449
Wendell L. Willkie, of New York................... 7 ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 4 ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 82
=================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Henry A. Wallace, of Iowa......................... ...... 3 4 16 3 47 13 ...... 26 11 5 36 4 8 ...... 11 23 4 ... 11 9 9 12 3 449
Charles L. McNary, of Oregon...................... 7 ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... 4 ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 82
=================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............................ 7 3 4 16 3 47 13 4 26 11 5 36 4 8 4 11 23 4 3 11 8 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1945]
[1945]
[[Page 702]]
1945
ELECTION FOR THE FORTIETH TERM, 1945-1949
Franklin D. Roosevelt,* President; Harry S. Truman, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York........................... 11 4 9 25 ...... 8 3 8 12 4 28 ..... ...... ...... 11 10 ....... 8 16 19 11 9 15 4
Thomas E. Dewey, of New York................................. .... ..... .... ...... 6 ....... .... .... ... ....... .... 13 10 8 ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Harry S. Truman, of Missouri................................. 11 4 9 25 ...... 8 3 8 12 4 28 ..... ...... ...... 11 10 ....... 8 16 19 11 9 15 4
John W. Bricker, of Ohio..................................... .... ..... .... ...... 6 ....... .... .... ... ....... .... 13 10 8 ... ... 5 ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
======================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote....................................... 11 4 9 25 6 8 3 8 12 4 28 13 10 8 11 10 5 8 16 19 11 9 15 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N. Mex. N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, of New York............. ...... 3 4 16 4 47 14 ....... ..... 10 6 35 4 8 ....... 12 23 4 ... 11 8 8 ..... ...... 432
Thomas E. Dewey, of New York................... 6 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 4 25 ..... ..... ... .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... 12 3 99
====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Harry S. Truman, of Missouri................... ...... 3 4 16 4 47 14 ....... ..... 10 6 35 4 8 ....... 12 23 4 ... 11 8 8 ..... ...... 432
John W. Bricker, of Ohio....................... 6 ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... 4 25 ..... ..... ... .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... 12 3 99
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................... 6 3 4 16 4 47 14 4 25 10 6 35 4 8 4 12 23 4 3 11 8 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Franklin D. Roosevelt, the thirty-first President of the United States, died on April 12, 1945. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Harry S. Truman, he accordingly took the oath
of office at Washington, D.C., on April 12, 1945.
[1946]
[1946]
[[Page 703]]
1946
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FIRST TERM, 1949-1953
Harry S. Truman, President; Alben W. Barkley, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Harry S. Truman, of Missouri................................... .... 4 9 25 6 ...... .... 8 12 4 28 ..... 10 ...... 11 ... ....... ... 16 ...... 11 ..... 15 4
Thomas E. Dewey, of New York................................... .... ..... .... ...... ...... 8 3 .... ... ...... .... 13 ...... 8 ... ... 5 8 ...... 19 ...... ..... ... ......
J. Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina........................... 11 ..... .... ...... ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 9 ... ......
====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky.................................. .... 4 9 25 6 ...... .... 8 12 4 28 ..... 10 ...... 11 ... ....... ... 16 ...... 11 ..... 15 4
Earl Warren, of California..................................... .... ..... .... ...... ...... 8 3 .... ... ...... .... 13 ...... 8 ... ... 5 8 ...... 19 ...... ..... ... ......
Fielding L. Wright, of Mississippi............................. 11 ..... .... ...... ...... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 9 ... ......
====================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................................... 11 4 9 25 6 8 3 8 12 4 28 13 10 8 11 10 5 8 16 19 11 9 15 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N. Mex. N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Harry S. Truman, of Missouri................... ...... 3 ..... ..... 4 ..... 14 ....... 25 10 ..... ... 4 .... ....... 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 303
Thomas E. Dewey, of New York................... 6 ..... 4 16 ....... 47 ..... 4 ..... ..... 6 35 .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 189
J. Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina........... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... 1 ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 39
====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Alben W. Barkley, of Kentucky.................. ...... 3 ..... ..... 4 ..... 14 ....... 25 10 ..... ... 4 .... ....... 11 23 4 ... 11 8 8 12 3 303
Earl Warren, of California..................... 6 ..... 4 16 ....... 47 ..... 4 ..... ..... 6 35 .... .... 4 ...... ..... ...... 3 ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 189
Fielding L. Wright, of Mississippi............. ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... 1 ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 39
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................... 6 3 4 16 4 47 14 4 25 10 6 35 4 8 4 12 23 4 3 11 8 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1947]
[1947]
[[Page 704]]
1947
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SECOND TERM, 1953-1957
Dwight D. Eisenhower, President; Richard M. Nixon, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Dwight D. Eisenhower, of New York............................. .... 4 .... 32 6 8 3 10 ... 4 27 13 10 8 ... ... 5 9 16 20 11 ..... 13 4
Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois.................................. 11 ..... 8 ...... ...... ...... .... .... 12 ....... .... ..... ...... ...... 10 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 8 ... ......
=====================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Richard M. Nixon, of California............................... .... 4 .... 32 6 8 3 10 ... 4 27 13 10 8 ... ... 5 9 16 20 11 ..... 13 4
John Sparkman, of Alabama..................................... 11 ..... 8 ...... ...... ...... .... .... 12 ....... .... ..... ...... ...... 10 10 ....... ... ...... ...... ...... 8 ... ......
=====================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote........................................ 11 4 8 32 6 8 3 10 12 4 27 13 10 8 10 10 5 9 16 20 11 8 13 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N. Mex N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Dwight D. Eisenhower, of New York.............. 6 3 4 16 4 45 ..... 4 25 8 6 32 4 .... 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 ....... 12 3 442
Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 14 ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... 8 ..... ...... 89
====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Richard M. Nixon, of California................ 6 3 4 16 4 45 ..... 4 25 8 6 32 4 .... 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 ....... 12 3 442
John Sparkman, of Alabama...................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 14 ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... 8 ..... ...... 89
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................... 6 3 4 16 4 45 14 4 25 8 6 32 4 8 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1948]
[1948]
[[Page 705]]
1948
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-THIRD TERM, 1957-1961
Dwight D. Eisenhower, President; Richard M. Nixon, Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Dwight D. Eisenhower, of .... 4 .... 32 6 8 3 10 ... 4 27 13 10 8 10 10 5 9 16 20 11 ..... ... 4
Pennsylvania............
Adlai Stevenson, of 10 ..... 8 ...... ..... ...... .... .... 12 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... 8 13 ......
Illinois................
Walter B. Jones, of 1 ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
Alabama.................
==================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Richard M. Nixon, of .... 4 .... 32 6 8 3 10 ... 4 27 13 10 8 10 10 5 9 16 20 11 ..... ... 4
California..............
Estes Kefauver, of 10 ..... 8 ...... ..... ...... .... .... 12 ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... 8 13 ......
Tennessee...............
Herman Talmadge, of 1 ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ...... .... ..... ...... ...... ... ... ...... ... ...... ...... ...... ..... ... ......
Georgia.................
==================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote... 11 4 8 32 6 8 3 10 12 4 27 13 10 8 10 10 5 9 16 20 11 8 13 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. N. Mex. N.Y. N.C. N. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. S. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. W. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
Dwight D. Eisenhower, of Pennsylvania.......... 6 3 4 16 4 45 ..... 4 25 8 6 32 4 .... 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 8 12 3 457
Adlai Stevenson, of Illinois................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 14 ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 73
Walter B. Jones, of Alabama.................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 1
====================================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Richard M. Nixon, of California................ 6 3 4 16 4 45 ..... 4 25 8 6 32 4 .... 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 8 12 3 457
Estes Kefauver, of Tennessee................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... 14 ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... 8 ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 73
Herman Talmadge, of Georgia.................... ...... ..... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ....... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... ....... ...... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ....... ..... ...... 1
====================================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote......................... 6 3 4 16 4 45 14 4 25 8 6 32 4 8 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 8 12 3 531
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1949]
[1949]
[[Page 706]]
1949
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FOURTH TERM, 1961-1965
John F. Kennedy,* President; Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name of candidate Ala. Alaska Ariz. Ark. Calif. Colo. Conn. Del. Fla. Ga. Hawaii Idaho Ill. Ind. Iowa Kans. Ky. La. Maine Md. Mass. Mich. Minn. Miss. Mo. Mont.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
John F. Kennedy, of Massachusetts.................... 5 ....... ..... 8 ...... ..... 8 3 .... 12 3 ...... 27 .... ..... ...... ... 10 ...... 9 16 20 11 ..... 13 .....
Richard M. Nixon, of California...................... .... 3 4 .... 32 6 ...... .... 10 ... ....... 4 .... 13 10 8 10 ... 5 ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... .....
Harry F. Byrd, of Virginia........................... 6 ....... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ....... ...... .... .... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... 8 ... .....
==============================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Lyndon B. Johnson, of Texas.......................... 5 ....... ..... 8 ...... ..... 8 3 .... 12 3 ...... 27 .... ..... ...... ... 10 ...... 9 16 20 11 ..... 13 .....
Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts.................. .... 3 4 .... 32 6 ...... .... 10 ... ....... 4 .... 13 10 8 10 ... 5 ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... 4
Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina.................... 6 ....... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ....... ...... .... .... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... 8 ... .....
Barry Goldwater, of Arizona.......................... .... ....... ..... .... ...... ..... ...... .... .... ... ....... ...... .... .... ..... ...... ... ... ...... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... .....
==============================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote............................... 11 3 4 8 32 6 8 3 10 12 3 4 27 13 10 8 10 10 5 9 16 20 11 8 13 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N. N. S. W.
Name of candidate Nebr. Nev. N.H. N.J. Mex. N.Y. N.C. Dak. Ohio Okla. Oreg. Pa. R.I. S.C. Dak. Tenn. Tex. Utah Vt. Va. Wash. Va. Wis. Wyo. Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President:
John F. Kennedy, of Massachusetts.......................... ..... 3 ..... 16 4 45 14 ..... ..... ..... ..... 32 4 8 ..... ...... 24 ..... ... ... ...... 8 ..... ..... 303
Richard M. Nixon, of California............................ 6 .... 4 ..... ..... ..... ..... 4 25 7 6 ... .... .... 4 11 ..... 4 3 12 9 ..... 12 3 219
Harry F. Byrd, of Virginia................................. ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 ..... ... .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ...... ..... ..... ..... 15
========================================================================================================================================================================
For Vice President:
Lyndon B. Johnson, of Texas................................ ..... 3 ..... 16 4 45 14 ..... ..... ..... ..... 32 4 8 ..... ...... 24 ..... ... ... ...... 8 ..... ..... 303
Henry Cabot Lodge, of Massachusetts........................ 6 .... 4 ..... ..... ..... ..... 4 25 7 6 ... .... .... 4 11 ..... 4 3 12 9 ..... 12 3 219
Strom Thurmond, of South Carolina.......................... ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ... .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ...... ..... ..... ..... 14
Barry Goldwater, of Arizona................................ ..... .... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 ..... ... .... .... ..... ...... ..... ..... ... ... ...... ..... ..... ..... 1
========================================================================================================================================================================
Total electoral vote..................................... 6 3 4 16 4 45 14 4 25 8 6 32 4 8 4 11 24 4 3 12 9 8 12 3 537
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fourth President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963. The duties of the Presidential office devolving, in this event, upon the Vice President, Lyndon B. Johnson, he accordingly
took the oath of office at Dallas, Tex., on November 22, 1963.
electoral votes for president and vice president
electoral votes for president and vice president
electoral votes for president and vice president
[[Page 707]]
____________________________________________________________
[1950]
[1950]
1950
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-FIFTH TERM, 1965-1969
Lyndon B. Johnson, President; Hubert H. Humphrey, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral -------------------------------------------------------
State vote of Lyndon B. Barry M. Hubert H. William E.
each State Johnson, of Goldwater, Humphrey, of Miller, of
Texas of Arizona Minnesota New York
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama.................................... 10 ............ 10 ............ 10
Alaska..................................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
Arizona.................................... 5 ............ 5 ............ 5
Arkansas................................... 6 6 ............ 6 ............
California................................. 40 40 ............ 40 ............
Colorado................................... 6 6 ............ 6 ............
Connecticut................................ 8 8 ............ 8 ............
Delaware................................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
District of Columbia....................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
Florida.................................... 14 14 ............ 14 ............
Georgia.................................... 12 ............ 12 ............ 12
Hawaii..................................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Idaho...................................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Illinois................................... 26 26 ............ 26 ............
Indiana.................................... 13 13 ............ 13 ............
Iowa....................................... 9 9 ............ 9 ............
Kansas..................................... 7 7 ............ 7 ............
Kentucky................................... 9 9 ............ 9 ............
Louisiana.................................. 10 ............ 10 ............ 10
Maine...................................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Maryland................................... 10 10 ............ 10 ............
Massachusetts.............................. 14 14 ............ 14 ............
Michigan................................... 21 21 ............ 21 ............
Minnesota.................................. 10 10 ............ 10 ............
Mississippi................................ 7 ............ 7 ............ 7
Missouri................................... 12 12 ............ 12 ............
Montana.................................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Nebraska................................... 5 5 ............ 5 ............
Nevada..................................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
New Hampshire.............................. 4 4 ............ 4 ............
New Jersey................................. 17 17 ............ 17 ............
New Mexico................................. 4 4 ............ 4 ............
New York................................... 43 43 ............ 43 ............
North Carolina............................. 13 13 ............ 13 ............
North Dakota............................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Ohio....................................... 26 26 ............ 26 ............
Oklahoma................................... 8 8 ............ 8 ............
Oregon..................................... 6 6 ............ 6 ............
Pennsylvania............................... 29 29 ............ 29 ............
Rhode Island............................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
South Carolina............................. 8 ............ 8 ............ 8
South Dakota............................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Tennessee.................................. 11 11 ............ 11 ............
Texas...................................... 25 25 ............ 25 ............
Utah....................................... 4 4 ............ 4 ............
Vermont.................................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
Virginia................................... 12 12 ............ 12 ............
Washington................................. 9 9 ............ 9 ............
West Virginia.............................. 7 7 ............ 7 ............
Wisconsin.................................. 12 12 ............ 12 ............
Wyoming.................................... 3 3 ............ 3 ............
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Total................................ 538 486 52 486 52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1951]
[1951]
[[Page 708]]
1951
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SIXTH TERM, 1969-1973
Richard M. Nixon, President; Spiro T. Agnew, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
---------------------------------------------------------------
Electoral Richard
State vote of M. Hubert H. George C. Spiro T. Edmund Curtis E.
each Nixon, Humphrey, Wallace, Agnew, S. LeMay, of
State of New of of of Muskie, California
York Minnesota Alabama Maryland of Maine
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama.............................. 10 ........ ......... 10 ........ ........ 10
Alaska............................... 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ........ ..........
Arizona.............................. 5 5 ......... ......... 5 ........ ..........
Arkansas............................. 6 ........ ......... 6 ........ ........ 6
California........................... 40 40 ......... ......... 40 ........ ..........
Colorado............................. 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ........ ..........
Connecticut.......................... 8 ........ 8 ......... ........ 8 ..........
Delaware............................. 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ........ ..........
District of Columbia................. 3 ........ 3 ......... ........ 3 ..........
Florida.............................. 14 14 ......... ......... 14 ........ ..........
Georgia.............................. 12 ........ ......... 12 ........ ........ 12
Hawaii............................... 4 ........ 4 ......... ........ 4 ..........
Idaho................................ 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
Illinois............................. 26 26 ......... ......... 26 ........ ..........
Indiana.............................. 13 13 ......... ......... 13 ........ ..........
Iowa................................. 9 9 ......... ......... 9 ........ ..........
Kansas............................... 7 7 ......... ......... 7 ........ ..........
Kentucky............................. 9 9 ......... ......... 9 ........ ..........
Louisiana............................ 10 ........ ......... 10 ........ ........ 10
Maine................................ 4 ........ 4 ......... ........ 4 ..........
Maryland............................. 10 ........ 10 ......... ........ 10 ..........
Massachusetts........................ 14 ........ 14 ......... ........ 14 ..........
Michigan............................. 21 ........ 21 ......... ........ 21 ..........
Minnesota............................ 10 ........ 10 ......... ........ 10 ..........
Mississippi.......................... 7 ........ ......... 7 ........ ........ 7
Missouri............................. 12 12 ......... ......... 12 ........ ..........
Montana.............................. 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
Nebraska............................. 5 5 ......... ......... 5 ........ ..........
Nevada............................... 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ........ ..........
New Hampshire........................ 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
New Jersey........................... 17 17 ......... ......... 17 ........ ..........
New Mexico........................... 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
New York............................. 43 ........ 43 ......... ........ 43 ..........
North Carolina....................... 13 12 ......... 1 12 ........ 1
North Dakota......................... 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
Ohio................................. 26 26 ......... ......... 26 ........ ..........
Oklahoma............................. 8 8 ......... ......... 8 ........ ..........
Oregon............................... 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ........ ..........
Pennsylvania......................... 29 ........ 29 ......... ........ 29 ..........
Rhode Island......................... 4 ........ 4 ......... ........ 4 ..........
South Carolina....................... 8 8 ......... ......... 8 ........ ..........
South Dakota......................... 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
Tennessee............................ 11 11 ......... ......... 11 ........ ..........
Texas................................ 25 ........ 25 ......... ........ 25 ..........
Utah................................. 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ........ ..........
Vermont.............................. 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ........ ..........
Virginia............................. 12 12 ......... ......... 12 ........ ..........
Washington........................... 9 ........ 9 ......... ........ 9 ..........
West Virginia........................ 7 ........ 7 ......... ........ 7 ..........
Wisconsin............................ 12 12 ......... ......... 12 ........ ..........
Wyoming.............................. 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ........ ..........
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total.......................... 538 301 191 46 301 191 46
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1952]
[1952]
[[Page 709]]
1952
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-SEVENTH TERM, 1973-1977 \1\
Richard M. Nixon, President; Spiro T. Agnew, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
------------------------------------------------------------------
Electoral R.
States votes of Richard M. George John Spiro T. Sargent Theodora
each Nixon, of McGovern, Hospers, Agnew, Shriver, Nathan,
State California of South of of of of Oregon
Dakota California Maryland Maryland
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................... 9 9 .......... .......... 9 ........ .........
Alaska............................ 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
Arizona........................... 6 6 .......... .......... 6 ........ .........
Arkansas.......................... 6 6 .......... .......... 6 ........ .........
California........................ 45 45 .......... .......... 45 ........ .........
Colorado.......................... 7 7 .......... .......... 7 ........ .........
Connecticut....................... 8 8 .......... .......... 8 ........ .........
Delaware.......................... 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
District of Columbia.............. 3 .......... 3 .......... ........ 3 .........
Florida........................... 17 17 .......... .......... 17 ........ .........
Georgia........................... 12 12 .......... .......... 12 ........ .........
Hawaii............................ 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Idaho............................. 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Illinois.......................... 26 26 .......... .......... 26 ........ .........
Indiana........................... 13 13 .......... .......... 13 ........ .........
Iowa.............................. 8 8 .......... .......... 8 ........ .........
Kansas............................ 7 7 .......... .......... 7 ........ .........
Kentucky.......................... 9 9 .......... .......... 9 ........ .........
Louisiana......................... 10 10 .......... .......... 10 ........ .........
Maine............................. 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Maryland.......................... 10 10 .......... .......... 10 ........ .........
Massachusetts..................... 14 .......... 14 .......... ........ 14 .........
Michigan.......................... 21 21 .......... .......... 21 ........ .........
Minnesota......................... 10 10 .......... .......... 10 ........ .........
Mississippi....................... 7 7 .......... .......... 7 ........ .........
Missouri.......................... 12 12 .......... .......... 12 ........ .........
Montana........................... 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Nebraska.......................... 5 5 .......... .......... 5 ........ .........
Nevada............................ 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
New Hampshire..................... 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
New Jersey........................ 17 17 .......... .......... 17 ........ .........
New Mexico........................ 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
New York.......................... 41 41 .......... .......... 41 ........ .........
North Carolina.................... 13 13 .......... .......... 13 ........ .........
North Dakota...................... 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
Ohio.............................. 25 25 .......... .......... 25 ........ .........
Oklahoma.......................... 8 8 .......... .......... 8 ........ .........
Oregon............................ 6 6 .......... .......... 6 ........ .........
Pennsylvania...................... 27 27 .......... .......... 27 ........ .........
Rhode Island...................... 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
South Carolina.................... 8 8 .......... .......... 8 ........ .........
South Dakota...................... 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Tennessee......................... 10 10 .......... .......... 10 ........ .........
Texas............................. 26 26 .......... .......... 26 ........ .........
Utah.............................. 4 4 .......... .......... 4 ........ .........
Vermont........................... 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
Virginia.......................... 12 11 .......... 1 11 ........ 1
Washington........................ 9 9 .......... .......... 9 ........ .........
West Virginia..................... 6 6 .......... .......... 6 ........ .........
Wisconsin......................... 11 11 .......... .......... 11 ........ .........
Wyoming........................... 3 3 .......... .......... 3 ........ .........
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total....................... 538 520 17 1 520 17 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Spiro T. Agnew resigned as Vice President on Oct. 10, 1973. Gerald R. Ford was sworn in as Vice President on
Dec. 6, 1973. Richard M. Nixon resigned as President on Aug. 9, 1974, and Gerald R. Ford was sworn in as
President on the same date. Nelson A. Rockefeller was sworn in as Vice President on Dec. 19, 1974.
[1953]
[1953]
[[Page 710]]
1953
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-EIGHTH TERM, 1977-1981
Jimmy Carter, President; Walter F. Mondale, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ----------------------------------------------------------------
States votes of Jimmy Gerald R. Ronald Walter F. Robert
each Carter, of Ford, of Reagan, of Mondale, of Dole, of
State Georgia Michigan California Minnesota Kansas
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama............................. 9 9 ........... ........... 9 ...........
Alaska.............................. 3 ........... 3 ........... ........... 3
Arizona............................. 6 ........... 6 ........... ........... 6
Arkansas............................ 6 6 ........... ........... 6 ...........
California.......................... 45 ........... 45 ........... ........... 45
Colorado............................ 7 ........... 7 ........... ........... 7
Connecticut......................... 8 ........... 8 ........... ........... 8
Delaware............................ 3 3 ........... ........... 3 ...........
District of Columbia................ 3 3 ........... ........... 3 ...........
Florida............................. 17 17 ........... ........... 17 ...........
Georgia............................. 12 12 ........... ........... 12 ...........
Hawaii.............................. 4 4 ........... ........... 4 ...........
Idaho............................... 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
Illinois............................ 26 ........... 26 ........... ........... 26
Indiana............................. 13 ........... 13 ........... ........... 13
Iowa................................ 8 ........... 8 ........... ........... 8
Kansas.............................. 7 ........... 7 ........... ........... 7
Kentucky............................ 9 9 ........... ........... 9 ...........
Louisiana........................... 10 10 ........... ........... 10 ...........
Maine............................... 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
Maryland............................ 10 10 ........... ........... 10 ...........
Massachusetts....................... 14 14 ........... ........... 14 ...........
Michigan............................ 21 ........... 21 ........... ........... 21
Minnesota........................... 10 10 ........... ........... 10 ...........
Mississippi......................... 7 7 ........... ........... 7 ...........
Missouri............................ 12 12 ........... ........... 12 ...........
Montana............................. 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
Nebraska............................ 5 ........... 5 ........... ........... 5
Nevada.............................. 3 ........... 3 ........... ........... 3
New Hampshire....................... 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
New Jersey.......................... 17 ........... 17 ........... ........... 17
New Mexico.......................... 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
New York............................ 41 41 ........... ........... 41 ...........
North Carolina...................... 13 13 ........... ........... 13 ...........
North Dakota........................ 3 ........... 3 ........... ........... 3
Ohio................................ 25 25 ........... ........... 25 ...........
Oklahoma............................ 8 ........... 8 ........... ........... 8
Oregon.............................. 6 ........... 6 ........... ........... 6
Pennsylvania........................ 27 27 ........... ........... 27 ...........
Rhode Island........................ 4 4 ........... ........... 4 ...........
South Carolina...................... 8 8 ........... ........... 8 ...........
South Dakota........................ 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
Tennessee........................... 10 10 ........... ........... 10 ...........
Texas............................... 26 26 ........... ........... 26 ...........
Utah................................ 4 ........... 4 ........... ........... 4
Vermont............................. 3 ........... 3 ........... ........... 3
Virginia............................ 12 ........... 12 ........... ........... 12
Washington.......................... 9 ........... 8 1 ........... 9
West Virginia....................... 6 6 ........... ........... 6 ...........
Wisconsin........................... 11 11 ........... ........... 11 ...........
Wyoming............................. 3 ........... 3 ........... ........... 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total......................... 538 297 240 1 297 241
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1954]
[1954]
[[Page 711]]
1954
ELECTION FOR THE FORTY-NINTH TERM, 1981-1985
Ronald Reagan, President; George Bush, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------
States votes of Ronald Jimmy George Walter F.
each State Reagan, of Carter, of Bush, of Mondale, of
California Georgia Texas Minnesota
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................ 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Alaska......................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Arizona........................................ 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
Arkansas....................................... 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
California..................................... 45 45 ........... 45 ...........
Colorado....................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Connecticut.................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Delaware....................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
District of Columbia........................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Florida........................................ 17 17 ........... 17 ...........
Georgia........................................ 12 ........... 12 ........... 12
Hawaii......................................... 4 ........... 4 ........... 4
Idaho.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Illinois....................................... 26 26 ........... 26 ...........
Indiana........................................ 13 13 ........... 13 ...........
Iowa........................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Kansas......................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Kentucky....................................... 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Louisiana...................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Maine.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Maryland....................................... 10 ........... 10 ........... 10
Massachusetts.................................. 14 14 ........... 14 ...........
Michigan....................................... 21 21 ........... 21 ...........
Minnesota...................................... 10 ........... 10 ........... 10
Mississippi.................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Missouri....................................... 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Montana........................................ 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Nebraska....................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
Nevada......................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
New Hampshire.................................. 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Jersey..................................... 17 17 ........... 17 ...........
New Mexico..................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New York....................................... 41 41 ........... 41 ...........
North Carolina................................. 13 13 ........... 13 ...........
North Dakota................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Ohio........................................... 25 25 ........... 25 ...........
Oklahoma....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Oregon......................................... 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
Pennsylvania................................... 27 27 ........... 27 ...........
Rhode Island................................... 4 ........... 4 ........... 4
South Carolina................................. 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
South Dakota................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Tennessee...................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Texas.......................................... 26 26 ........... 26 ...........
Utah........................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Vermont........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Virginia....................................... 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Washington..................................... 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
West Virginia.................................. 6 ........... 6 ........... 6
Wisconsin...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Wyoming........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................................... 538 489 49 489 49
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1955]
[1955]
[[Page 712]]
1955
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTIETH TERM, 1985-1989
Ronald Reagan, President; George Bush, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------
States votes of Ronald Walter F. George Geraldine
each State Reagan, of Mondale, of Bush, of A. Ferraro,
California Minnesota Texas of New York
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................ 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Alaska......................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Arizona........................................ 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Arkansas....................................... 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
California..................................... 47 47 ........... 47 ...........
Colorado....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Connecticut.................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Delaware....................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
District of Columbia........................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Florida........................................ 21 21 ........... 21 ...........
Georgia........................................ 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Hawaii......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Idaho.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Illinois....................................... 24 24 ........... 24 ...........
Indiana........................................ 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Iowa........................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Kansas......................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Kentucky....................................... 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Louisiana...................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Maine.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Maryland....................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Massachusetts.................................. 13 13 ........... 13 ...........
Michigan....................................... 20 20 ........... 20 ...........
Minnesota...................................... 10 ........... 10 ........... 10
Mississippi.................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Missouri....................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Montana........................................ 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Nebraska....................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
Nevada......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Hampshire.................................. 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Jersey..................................... 16 16 ........... 16 ...........
New Mexico..................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
New York....................................... 36 36 ........... 36 ...........
North Carolina................................. 13 13 ........... 13 ...........
North Dakota................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Ohio........................................... 23 23 ........... 23 ...........
Oklahoma....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Oregon......................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Pennsylvania................................... 25 25 ........... 25 ...........
Rhode Island................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
South Carolina................................. 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
South Dakota................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Tennessee...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Texas.......................................... 29 29 ........... 29 ...........
Utah........................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
Vermont........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Virginia....................................... 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Washington..................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
West Virginia.................................. 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
Wisconsin...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Wyoming........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................................... 538 525 13 525 13
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1956]
[1956]
[[Page 713]]
1956
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-FIRST TERM, 1989-1993
George Bush, President; Dan Quayle, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------------------------
votes of Dan Lloyd
States each George Michael S. Lloyd Quayle Bentsen Michael S.
State Bush of Dukakis of Bentsen of of Dukakis of
Texas Massachusetts of Texas Indiana Texas Massachusetts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................ 9 9 ............. ......... 9 ....... .............
Alaska......................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
Arizona........................ 7 7 ............. ......... 7 ....... .............
Arkansas....................... 6 6 ............. ......... 6 ....... .............
California..................... 47 47 ............. ......... 47 ....... .............
Colorado....................... 8 8 ............. ......... 8 ....... .............
Connecticut.................... 8 8 ............. ......... 8 ....... .............
Delaware....................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
District of Columbia........... 3 ......... 3 ......... ....... 3 .............
Florida........................ 21 21 ............. ......... 21 ....... .............
Georgia........................ 12 12 ............. ......... 12 ....... .............
Hawaii......................... 4 ......... 4 ......... ....... 4 .............
Idaho.......................... 4 4 ............. ......... 4 ....... .............
Illinois....................... 24 24 ............. ......... 24 ....... .............
Indiana........................ 12 12 ............. ......... 12 ....... .............
Iowa........................... 8 ......... 8 ......... ....... 8 .............
Kansas......................... 7 7 ............. ......... 7 ....... .............
Kentucky....................... 9 9 ............. ......... 9 ....... .............
Louisiana...................... 10 10 ............. ......... 10 ....... .............
Maine.......................... 4 4 ............. ......... 4 ....... .............
Maryland....................... 10 10 ............. ......... 10 ....... .............
Massachusetts.................. 13 ......... 13 ......... ....... 13 .............
Michigan....................... 20 20 ............. ......... 20 ....... .............
Minnesota...................... 10 ......... 10 ......... ....... 10 .............
Mississippi.................... 7 7 ............. ......... 7 ....... .............
Missouri....................... 11 11 ............. ......... 11 ....... .............
Montana........................ 4 4 ............. ......... 4 ....... .............
Nebraska....................... 5 5 ............. ......... 5 ....... .............
Nevada......................... 4 4 ............. ......... 4 ....... .............
New Hampshire.................. 4 4 ............. ......... 4 ....... .............
New Jersey..................... 16 16 ............. ......... 16 ....... .............
New Mexico..................... 5 5 ............. ......... 5 ....... .............
New York....................... 36 ......... 36 ......... ....... 36 .............
North Carolina................. 13 13 ............. ......... 13 ....... .............
North Dakota................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
Ohio........................... 23 23 ............. ......... 23 ....... .............
Oklahoma....................... 8 8 ............. ......... 8 ....... .............
Oregon......................... 7 ......... 7 ......... ....... 7 .............
Pennsylvania................... 25 25 ............. ......... 25 ....... .............
Rhode Island................... 4 ......... 4 ......... ....... 4 .............
South Carolina................. 8 8 ............. ......... 8 ....... .............
South Dakota................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
Tennessee...................... 11 11 ............. ......... 11 ....... .............
Texas.......................... 29 29 ............. ......... 29 ....... .............
Utah........................... 5 5 ............. ......... 5 ....... .............
Vermont........................ 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
Virginia....................... 12 12 ............. ......... 12 ....... .............
Washington..................... 10 ......... 10 ......... ....... 10 .............
West Virginia.................. 6 ......... 5 1 ....... 5 1
Wisconsin...................... 11 ......... 11 ......... ....... 11 .............
Wyoming........................ 3 3 ............. ......... 3 ....... .............
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................... 538 426 111 1 426 111 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1957]
[1957]
[[Page 714]]
1957
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-SECOND TERM, 1993-1997
William J. Clinton, President; Albert Gore, Jr., Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------
States votes of Bill
each State Clinton of George Bush Al Gore of Dan Quayle
Arkansas of Texas Tennessee of Indiana
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................ 9 ........... 9 ........... 9
Alaska......................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Arizona........................................ 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
Arkansas....................................... 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
California..................................... 54 54 ........... 54 ...........
Colorado....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Connecticut.................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Delaware....................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
District of Columbia........................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Florida........................................ 25 ........... 25 ........... 25
Georgia........................................ 13 13 ........... 13 ...........
Hawaii......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Idaho.......................................... 4 ........... 4 ........... 4
Illinois....................................... 22 22 ........... 22 ...........
Indiana........................................ 12 ........... 12 ........... 12
Iowa........................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Kansas......................................... 6 ........... 6 ........... 6
Kentucky....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Louisiana...................................... 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Maine.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Maryland....................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Massachusetts.................................. 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Michigan....................................... 18 18 ........... 18 ...........
Minnesota...................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Mississippi.................................... 7 ........... 7 ........... 7
Missouri....................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Montana........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Nebraska....................................... 5 ........... 5 ........... 5
Nevada......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Hampshire.................................. 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Jersey..................................... 15 15 ........... 15 ...........
New Mexico..................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
New York....................................... 33 33 ........... 33 ...........
North Carolina................................. 14 ........... 14 ........... 14
North Dakota................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Ohio........................................... 21 21 ........... 21 ...........
Oklahoma....................................... 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
Oregon......................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Pennsylvania................................... 23 23 ........... 23 ...........
Rhode Island................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
South Carolina................................. 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
South Dakota................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Tennessee...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Texas.......................................... 32 ........... 32 ........... 32
Utah........................................... 5 ........... 5 ........... 5
Vermont........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Virginia....................................... 13 ........... 13 ........... 13
Washington..................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
West Virginia.................................. 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
Wisconsin...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Wyoming........................................ 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................................... 538 370 168 370 168
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1958]
[1958]
[[Page 715]]
1958
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-THIRD TERM, 1997-2001
William J. Clinton, President; Albert Gore, Jr., Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------
States votes of Bill
each State Clinton of Bob Dole of Al Gore of Jack Kemp
Arkansas Kansas Tennessee of New York
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................................ 9 ........... 9 ........... 9
Alaska......................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Arizona........................................ 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Arkansas....................................... 6 6 ........... 6 ...........
California..................................... 54 54 ........... 54 ...........
Colorado....................................... 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
Connecticut.................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Delaware....................................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
District of Columbia........................... 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Florida........................................ 25 25 ........... 25 ...........
Georgia........................................ 13 ........... 13 ........... 13
Hawaii......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Idaho.......................................... 4 ........... 4 ........... 4
Illinois....................................... 22 22 ........... 22 ...........
Indiana........................................ 12 ........... 12 ........... 12
Iowa........................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Kansas......................................... 6 ........... 6 ........... 6
Kentucky....................................... 8 8 ........... 8 ...........
Louisiana...................................... 9 9 ........... 9 ...........
Maine.......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
Maryland....................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Massachusetts.................................. 12 12 ........... 12 ...........
Michigan....................................... 18 18 ........... 18 ...........
Minnesota...................................... 10 10 ........... 10 ...........
Mississippi.................................... 7 ........... 7 ........... 7
Missouri....................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Montana........................................ 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Nebraska....................................... 5 ........... 5 ........... 5
Nevada......................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Hampshire.................................. 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
New Jersey..................................... 15 15 ........... 15 ...........
New Mexico..................................... 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
New York....................................... 33 33 ........... 33 ...........
North Carolina................................. 14 ........... 14 ........... 14
North Dakota................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Ohio........................................... 21 21 ........... 21 ...........
Oklahoma....................................... 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
Oregon......................................... 7 7 ........... 7 ...........
Pennsylvania................................... 23 23 ........... 23 ...........
Rhode Island................................... 4 4 ........... 4 ...........
South Carolina................................. 8 ........... 8 ........... 8
South Dakota................................... 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
Tennessee...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Texas.......................................... 32 ........... 32 ........... 32
Utah........................................... 5 ........... 5 ........... 5
Vermont........................................ 3 3 ........... 3 ...........
Virginia....................................... 13 ........... 13 ........... 13
Washington..................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
West Virginia.................................. 5 5 ........... 5 ...........
Wisconsin...................................... 11 11 ........... 11 ...........
Wyoming........................................ 3 ........... 3 ........... 3
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................................... 538 379 159 379 159
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1959]
[1959]
[[Page 716]]
1959
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-FOURTH TERM 2001-2005
George W. Bush, President; Richard Cheney, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------------------
State votes of George W. Bush Al Gore of Richard Cheney Joe Lieberman
each State of Texas Tennessee of Wyoming of Connecticut
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama............................ 9 9 .......... 9 ...............
Alaska............................. 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Arizona............................ 8 8 .......... 8 ...............
Arkansas........................... 6 6 .......... 6 ...............
California......................... 54 ............... 54 ................ 54
Colorado........................... 8 8 .......... 8 ...............
Connecticut........................ 8 ............... 8 ................ 8
Delaware........................... 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
District of Columbia.............. 3 ............... 2* ................ 2*
Florida............................ 25 25 .......... 25 ...............
Georgia............................ 13 13 .......... 13 ...............
Hawaii............................. 4 ............... 4 ................ 4
Idaho.............................. 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
Illinois........................... 22 ............... 22 ................ 22
Indiana............................ 12 12 .......... 12 ...............
Iowa............................... 7 ............... 7 ................ 7
Kansas............................. 6 6 .......... 6 ...............
Kentucky........................... 8 8 .......... 8 ...............
Louisiana.......................... 9 9 .......... 9 ...............
Maine.............................. 4 ............... 4 ................ 4
Maryland........................... 10 ............... 10 ................ 10
Massachusetts...................... 12 ............... 12 ................ 12
Michigan........................... 18 ............... 18 ................ 18
Minnesota.......................... 10 ............... 10 ................ 10
Mississippi........................ 7 7 .......... 7 ...............
Missouri........................... 11 11 .......... 11 ...............
Montana............................ 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Nebraska........................... 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
Nevada............................. 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
New Hampshire...................... 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
New Jersey......................... 15 ............... 15 ................ 15
New Mexico......................... 5 ............... 5 ................ 5
New York........................... 33 ............... 33 ................ 33
North Carolina..................... 14 14 .......... 14 ...............
North Dakota....................... 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Ohio............................... 21 21 .......... 21 ...............
Oklahoma........................... 8 8 .......... 8 ...............
Oregon............................. 7 ............... 7 ................ 7
Pennsylvania....................... 23 ............... 23 ................ 23
Rhode Island....................... 4 ............... 4 ................ 4
South Carolina..................... 8 8 .......... 8 ...............
South Dakota....................... 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Tennessee.......................... 11 11 .......... 11 ...............
Texas.............................. 32 32 .......... 32 ...............
Utah............................... 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
Vermont............................ 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
Virginia........................... 13 13 .......... 13 ...............
Washington......................... 11 ............... 11 ................ 11
West Virginia...................... 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
Wisconsin.......................... 11 ............... 11 ................ 11
Wyoming............................ 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total........................ 271 271 266 271 266
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The District of Columbia has 3 electoral votes. Two votes were cast for Gore and the third vote was an
abstention.
Total Electoral Vote = 538. Total Electoral Vote Needed to Win = 270.
[1960]
[1960]
[[Page 717]]
1960
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-FIFTH TERM 2005-2009
George W. Bush, President; Richard Cheney, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
-------------------------------------------------------------
Electoral John John
State votes of George W. John F. Kerry Edwards Richard B. Edwards
each State Bush of of of North Cheney of of North
Texas Massachusetts Carolina Wyoming Carolina
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama............................... 9 9 ............. ......... 9 .........
Alaska................................ 3 3 ............. ......... 3 .........
Arizona............................... 10 10 ............. ......... 10 .........
Arkansas.............................. 6 6 ............. ......... 6 .........
California............................ 55 .......... 55 ......... ........... 55
Colorado.............................. 9 9 ............. ......... 9 .........
Connecticut........................... 7 .......... 7 ......... ........... 7
Delaware.............................. 3 .......... 3 ......... ........... 3
District of Columbia................. 3 .......... 3 ......... ........... 3
Florida............................... 27 27 ............. ......... 27 .........
Georgia............................... 15 15 ............. ......... 15 .........
Hawaii................................ 4 .......... 4 ......... ........... 4
Idaho................................. 4 4 ............. ......... 4 .........
Illinois.............................. 21 .......... 21 ......... ........... 21
Indiana............................... 11 11 ............. ......... 11 .........
Iowa.................................. 7 7 ............. ......... 7 .........
Kansas................................ 6 6 ............. ......... 6 .........
Kentucky.............................. 8 8 ............. ......... 8 .........
Louisiana............................. 9 9 ............. ......... 9 .........
Maine................................. 4 .......... 4 ......... ........... 4
Maryland.............................. 10 .......... 10 ......... ........... 10
Massachusetts......................... 12 .......... 12 ......... ........... 12
Michigan.............................. 17 .......... 17 ......... ........... 17
Minnesota............................. 10 .......... 9 1 ........... 10
Mississippi........................... 6 6 ............. ......... 6 .........
Missouri.............................. 11 11 ............. ......... 11 .........
Montana............................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 .........
Nebraska.............................. 5 5 ............. ......... 5 .........
Nevada................................ 5 5 ............. ......... 5 .........
New Hampshire......................... 4 .......... 4 ......... ........... 4
New Jersey............................ 15 .......... 15 ......... ........... 15
New Mexico............................ 5 5 ............. ......... 5 .........
New York.............................. 31 .......... 31 ......... ........... 31
North Carolina........................ 15 15 ............. ......... 15 .........
North Dakota.......................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 .........
Ohio.................................. 20 20 ............. ......... 20 .........
Oklahoma.............................. 7 7 ............. ......... 7 .........
Oregon................................ 7 .......... 7 ......... ........... 7
Pennsylvania.......................... 21 .......... 21 ......... ........... 21
Rhode Island.......................... 4 .......... 4 ......... ........... 4
South Carolina........................ 8 8 ............. ......... 8 .........
South Dakota.......................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 .........
Tennessee............................. 11 11 ............. ......... 11 .........
Texas................................. 34 34 ............. ......... 34 .........
Utah.................................. 5 5 ............. ......... 5 .........
Vermont............................... 3 .......... 3 ......... ........... 3
Virginia.............................. 13 13 ............. ......... 13 .........
Washington............................ 11 .......... 11 ......... ........... 11
West Virginia......................... 5 5 ............. ......... 5 .........
Wisconsin............................. 10 .......... 10 ......... ........... 10
Wyoming............................... 3 3 ............. ......... 3 .........
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total........................... 538 286 251 1 286 252
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1961]
[1961]
[[Page 718]]
1961
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-SIXTH TERM 2009-2013
Barack Obama, President; Joe Biden, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral ---------------------------------------------------------------
State votes of John
each State Barack Obama of McCain of Joe Biden of Sarah Palin of
Illinois Arizona Delaware Alaska
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama............................ 9 ............... 9 ................ 9
Alaska............................. 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
Arizona............................ 10 ............... 10 ................ 10
Arkansas........................... 6 ............... 6 ................ 6
California......................... 55 55 .......... 55 ...............
Colorado........................... 9 9 .......... 9 ...............
Connecticut........................ 7 7 .......... 7 ...............
Delaware........................... 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
District of PColumbia.............. 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Florida............................ 27 27 .......... 27 ...............
Georgia............................ 15 ............... 15 ................ 15
Hawaii............................. 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
Idaho.............................. 4 ............... 4 ................ 4
Illinois........................... 21 21 .......... 21 ...............
Indiana............................ 11 11 .......... 11 ...............
Iowa............................... 7 7 .......... 7 ...............
Kansas............................. 6 ............... 6 ................ 6
Kentucky........................... 8 ............... 8 ................ 8
Louisiana.......................... 9 ............... 9 ................ 9
Maine.............................. 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
Maryland........................... 10 10 .......... 10 ...............
Massachusetts...................... 12 12 .......... 12 ...............
Michigan........................... 17 17 .......... 17 ...............
Minnesota.......................... 10 10 .......... 10 ...............
Mississippi........................ 6 ............... 6 ................ 6
Missouri........................... 11 ............... 11 ................ 11
Montana............................ 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
Nebraska........................... 5 1 4 1 4
Nevada............................. 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
New Hampshire...................... 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
New Jersey......................... 15 15 .......... 15 ...............
New Mexico......................... 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
New York........................... 31 31 .......... 31 ...............
North Carolina..................... 15 15 .......... 15 ...............
North Dakota....................... 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
Ohio............................... 20 20 .......... 20 ...............
Oklahoma........................... 7 ............... 7 ................ 7
Oregon............................. 7 7 .......... 7 ...............
Pennsylvania....................... 21 21 .......... 21 ...............
Rhode Island....................... 4 4 .......... 4 ...............
South Carolina..................... 8 ............... 8 ................ 8
South Dakota....................... 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
Tennessee.......................... 11 ............... 11 ................ 11
Texas.............................. 34 ............... 34 ................ 34
Utah............................... 5 ............... 5 ................ 5
Vermont............................ 3 3 .......... 3 ...............
Virginia........................... 13 13 .......... 13 ...............
Washington......................... 11 11 .......... 11 ...............
West Virginia...................... 5 5 .......... 5 ...............
Wisconsin.......................... 10 10 .......... 10 ...............
Wyoming............................ 3 ............... 3 ................ 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total........................ 538 365 173 365 173
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1962]
[1962]
[[Page 719]]
1962
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-SEVENTH TERM 2013-2017
Barack Obama, President; Joe Biden, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral -------------------------------------------------------------------
State votes of Barack Obama of Mitt Romney of Joe Biden of Paul Ryan of
each State Illinois Massachusetts Delaware Wisconsin
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................ 9 ............... 9 ............... 9
Alaska......................... 3 ............... 3 ............... 3
Arizona........................ 11 ............... 11 ............... 11
Arkansas....................... 6 ............... 6 ............... 6
California..................... 55 55 ............... 55 ...............
Colorado....................... 9 9 ............... 9 ...............
Connecticut.................... 7 7 ............... 7 ...............
Delaware....................... 3 3 ............... 3 ...............
District of Columbia.......... 3 3 ............... 3 ...............
Florida........................ 29 29 ............... 29 ...............
Georgia........................ 16 ............... 16 ............... 16
Hawaii......................... 4 4 ............... 4 ...............
Idaho.......................... 4 ............... 4 ............... 4
Illinois....................... 20 20 ............... 20 ...............
Indiana........................ 11 11 ............... 11 ...............
Iowa........................... 6 6 ............... 6 ...............
Kansas......................... 6 ............... 6 ............... 6
Kentucky....................... 8 ............... 8 ............... 8
Louisiana...................... 8 ............... 8 ............... 8
Maine.......................... 4 4 ............... 4 ...............
Maryland....................... 10 10 ............... 10 ...............
Massachusetts.................. 11 11 ............... 11 ...............
Michigan....................... 16 16 ............... 16 ...............
Minnesota...................... 10 10 ............... 10 ...............
Mississippi.................... 6 ............... 6 ............... 6
Missouri....................... 10 ............... 10 ............... 10
Montana........................ 3 ............... 3 ............... 3
Nebraska....................... 5 ............... 5 ............... 5
Nevada......................... 6 6 ............... 6 ...............
New Hampshire.................. 4 4 ............... 4 ...............
New Jersey..................... 14 14 ............... 14 ...............
New Mexico..................... 5 5 ............... 5 ...............
New York....................... 29 29 ............... 29 ...............
North Carolina................. 15 15 ............... 15 ...............
North Dakota................... 3 ............... 3 ............... 3
Ohio........................... 18 18 ............... 18 ...............
Oklahoma....................... 7 ............... 7 ............... 7
Oregon......................... 7 7 ............... 7 ...............
Pennsylvania................... 20 20 ............... 20 ...............
Rhode Island................... 4 4 ............... 4 ...............
South Carolina................. 9 ............... 9 ............... 9
South Dakota................... 3 ............... 3 ............... 3
Tennessee...................... 11 ............... 11 ............... 11
Texas.......................... 38 ............... 38 ............... 38
Utah........................... 6 ............... 6 ............... 6
Vermont........................ 3 3 ............... 3 ...............
Virginia....................... 13 13 ............... 13 ...............
Washington..................... 12 12 ............... 12 ...............
West Virginia.................. 5 ............... 5 ............... 5
Wisconsin...................... 10 10 ............... 10 ...............
Wyoming........................ 3 ............... 3 ............... 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total.................... 538 332 206 332 206
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1963]
[1963]
[[Page 720]]
1963
ELECTION FOR THE FIFTY-EIGHTH TERM 2017-2021
Donald Trump, President; Mike Pence, Vice President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For President For Vice President
Electoral -----------------------------------------------------------------
votes of Hillary
State each Donald Clinton Mike Tim Kaine
State Trump of of New Other Pence of of Other
New York York Indiana Virginia
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama............................ 9 9 ......... ......... 9 ......... .........
Alaska............................. 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ......... .........
Arizona............................ 11 11 ......... ......... 11 ......... .........
Arkansas........................... 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ......... .........
California......................... 55 ......... 55 ......... ......... 55 .........
Colorado........................... 9 ......... 9 ......... ......... 9 .........
Connecticut........................ 7 ......... 7 ......... ......... 7 .........
Delaware........................... 3 ......... 3 ......... ......... 3 .........
District of Columbia.............. 3 ......... 3 ......... ......... 3 .........
Florida............................ 29 29 ......... ......... 29 ......... .........
Georgia............................ 16 16 ......... ......... 16 ......... .........
Hawaii............................. 4 ......... 3 1 ......... 3 1
Idaho.............................. 4 4 ......... ......... 4 ......... .........
Illinois........................... 20 ......... 20 ......... ......... 20 .........
Indiana............................ 11 11 ......... ......... 11 ......... .........
Iowa............................... 6 6 ......... ......... 6 .........
Kansas............................. 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ......... .........
Kentucky........................... 8 8 ......... ......... 8 ......... .........
Louisiana.......................... 8 8 ......... ......... 8 ......... .........
Maine.............................. 4 1 3 ......... 1 3 .........
Maryland........................... 10 ......... 10 ......... ......... 10 .........
Massachusetts...................... 11 ......... 11 ......... ......... 11 .........
Michigan........................... 16 16 ......... ......... 16 ......... .........
Minnesota.......................... 10 ......... 10 ......... ......... 10 .........
Mississippi........................ 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ......... .........
Missouri........................... 10 10 ......... ......... 10 ......... .........
Montana............................ 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ......... .........
Nebraska........................... 5 5 ......... ......... 5 ......... .........
Nevada............................. 6 ......... 6 ......... ......... 6 .........
New Hampshire...................... 4 ......... 4 ......... ......... 4 .........
New Jersey......................... 14 ......... 14 ......... ......... 14 .........
New Mexico......................... 5 ......... 5 ......... ......... 5 .........
New York........................... 29 ......... 29 ......... ......... 29 .........
North Carolina..................... 15 15 ......... ......... 15 ......... .........
North Dakota....................... 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ......... .........
Ohio............................... 18 18 ......... ......... 18 ......... .........
Oklahoma........................... 7 7 ......... ......... 7 ......... .........
Oregon............................. 7 ......... 7 ......... ......... 7 .........
Pennsylvania....................... 20 20 ......... ......... 20 ......... .........
Rhode Island....................... 4 ......... 4 ......... ......... 4 .........
South Carolina..................... 9 9 ......... ......... 9 ......... .........
South Dakota....................... 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ......... .........
Tennessee.......................... 11 11 ......... ......... 11 ......... .........
Texas.............................. 38 36 ......... 2 37 ......... 1
Utah............................... 6 6 ......... ......... 6 ......... .........
Vermont............................ 3 ......... 3 ......... ......... 3 .........
Virginia........................... 13 ......... 13 ......... ......... 13 .........
Washington......................... 12 ......... 8 4 ......... 8 4
West Virginia...................... 5 5 ......... ......... 5 ......... .........
Wisconsin.......................... 10 10 ......... ......... 10 ......... .........
Wyoming............................ 3 3 ......... ......... 3 ......... .........
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total........................ 538 304 227 7 305 227 6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 721]]
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT
1970
JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT, 1789 TO 2020 \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Years
Name \2\ State whence appointed Date of commission Date service of
\3\ terminated service
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chief justices
1. John Jay...................... New York................ Sept. 26, 1789 June 29, 1795 5
2. John Rutledge................. South Carolina.......... July 1, 1795 Dec. 15, 1795 (\4\)(\
5\)
3. Oliver Ellsworth.............. Connecticut............. Mar. 4, 1796 Dec. 15, 1800 4
4. John Marshall................. Virginia................ Jan. 31, 1801 July 6, 1835 34
5. Roger Brooke Taney............ Maryland................ Mar. 15, 1836 Oct. 12, 1864 28
6. Salmon Portland Chase......... Ohio.................... Dec. 6, 1864 May 7, 1873 8
7. Morrison Remick Waite......... ....do.................. Jan. 21, 1874 Mar. 23, 1888 14
8. Melville Weston Fuller........ Illinois................ July 20, 1888 July 4, 1910 21
9. Edward Douglas White.......... Louisiana............... Dec. 12, 1910 May 19, 1921 \5\ 10
10. William Howard Taft........... Connecticut............. June 30, 1921 Feb. 3, 1930 8
11. Charles Evans Hughes.......... New York................ Feb. 13, 1930 June 30, 1941 \5\ 11
12. Harlan Fiske Stone............ ......do................ July 3, 1941 Apr. 22, 1946 \5\ 4
13. Fred Moore Vinson............. Kentucky................ June 21, 1946 Sept. 8, 1953 7
14. Earl Warren................... California.............. Oct. 2, 1953 June 23, 1969 15
15. Warren E. Burger.............. Virginia................ June 23, 1969 Sept. 26, 1986 17
16. William Hubbs Rehnquist....... Virginia................ Sept. 25, 1986 Sept. 3, 2005 \5\ 19
17. John G. Roberts, Jr........... Maryland................ Sept. 29, 2005 ................... .......
associate justices
1. John Rutledge................. South Carolina.......... Sept. 26, 1789 Mar. 5, 1791 1
2. William Cushing............... Massachusetts........... Sept. 27, 1789 Sept. 13, 1810 20
3. James Wilson.................. Pennsylvania............ Sept. 29, 1789 Aug. 21, 1798 8
4. John Blair.................... Virginia................ Sept. 30, 1789 Jan. 27, 1796 5
5. James Iredell................. North Carolina.......... Feb. 10, 1790 Oct. 20, 1799 9
6. Thomas Johnson................ Maryland................ Nov. 7, 1791 Feb. 1, 1793 1
7. William Paterson.............. New Jersey.............. Mar. 4, 1793 Sept. 9, 1806 13
8. Samuel Chase.................. Maryland................ Jan. 27, 1796 June 19, 1811 15
9. Bushrod Washington............ Virginia................ Dec. 20, 1798 Nov. 26, 1829 30
10. Alfred Moore.................. North Carolina.......... Dec. 10, 1799 Jan. 26, 1804 3
11. William Johnson............... South Carolina.......... Mar. 26, 1804 Aug. 4, 1834 30
12. Henry B. Livingston........... New York................ Nov. 10, 1806 Mar. 18, 1823 16
13. Thomas Todd................... Kentucky................ Mar. 3, 1807 Feb. 7, 1826 18
14. Gabriel Duvall................ Maryland................ Nov. 18, 1811 Jan. 14, 1835 23
15. Joseph Story.................. Massachusetts........... ......do Sept. 10, 1845 33
16. Smith Thompson................ New York................ Dec. 9, 1823 Dec. 18, 1843 20
17. Robert Trimble................ Kentucky................ May 9, 1826 Aug. 25, 1828 2
18. John McLean................... Ohio.................... Mar. 7, 1829 Apr. 4, 1861 31
19. Henry Baldwin................. Pennsylvania............ Jan. 6, 1830 Apr. 21, 1844 14
20. James Moore Wayne............. Georgia................. Jan. 9, 1835 July 5, 1867 32
21. Philip Pendleton Barbour...... Virginia................ Mar. 15, 1836 Feb. 25, 1841 4
22. John Catron................... Tennessee............... Mar. 8, 1837 May 30, 1865 28
23. John McKinley................. Alabama................. Sept. 25, 1837 July 19, 1852 14
24. Peter Vivian Daniel........... Virginia................ Mar. 3, 1841 May 31, 1860 18
25. Samuel Nelson................. New York................ Feb. 13, 1845 Nov. 28, 1872 27
26. Levi Woodbury................. New Hampshire........... Sept. 20, 1845 Sept. 4, 1851 5
27. Robert Cooper Grier........... Pennsylvania............ Aug. 4, 1846 Jan. 31, 1870 23
28. Benjamin Robbins Curtis....... Massachusetts........... Sept. 22, 1851 Sept. 30, 1857 6
29. John Archibald Campbell....... Alabama................. Mar. 22, 1853 Apr. 30, 1861 8
30. Nathan Clifford............... Maine................... Jan. 12, 1858 July 25, 1881 23
31. Noah Haynes Swayne............ Ohio.................... Jan. 24, 1862 Jan. 24, 1881 18
32. Samuel Freeman Miller......... Iowa.................... July 16, 1862 Oct. 13, 1890 28
33. David Davis................... Illinois................ Dec. 8, 1862 Mar. 4, 1877 14
34. Stephen Johnson Field......... California.............. Mar. 10, 1863 Dec. 1, 1897 34
35. William Strong................ Pennsylvania............ Feb. 18, 1870 Dec. 14, 1880 10
36. Joseph P. Bradley............. New Jersey.............. Mar. 21, 1870 Jan. 22, 1892 21
37. Ward Hunt..................... New York................ Dec. 11, 1872 Jan. 27, 1882 9
[[Page 722]]
38. John Marshall Harlan.......... Kentucky................ Nov. 29, 1877 Oct. 14, 1911 33
39. William Burnham Woods......... Georgia................. Dec. 21, 1880 May 14, 1887 6
40. Stanley Matthews.............. Ohio.................... May 12, 1881 Mar. 22, 1889 7
41. Horace Gray................... Massachusetts........... Dec. 20, 1881 Sept. 15, 1902 20
42. Samuel Blatchford............. New York................ Mar. 22, 1882 July 7, 1893 11
43. Lucius Quintus C. Lamar....... Mississippi............. Jan. 16, 1888 Jan. 23, 1893 5
44. David Josiah Brewer........... Kansas.................. Dec. 18, 1889 Mar. 28, 1910 20
45. Henry Billings Brown.......... Michigan................ Dec. 29, 1890 May 28, 1906 15
46. George Shiras, Jr............. Pennsylvania............ July 26, 1892 Feb. 23, 1903 10
47. Howell Edmunds Jackson........ Tennessee............... Feb. 18, 1893 Aug. 8, 1895 2
48. Edward Douglas White.......... Louisiana............... Feb. 19, 1894 Dec. 18, 1910 16
49. Rufus Wheeler Peckham......... New York................ Dec. 9, 1895 Oct. 24, 1909 13
50. Joseph McKenna................ California.............. Jan. 21, 1898 Jan. 5, 1925 26
51. Oliver Wendell Holmes......... Massachusetts........... Dec. 4, 1902 Jan. 12, 1932 29
52. William Rufus Day............. Ohio.................... Feb. 23, 1903 Nov. 13, 1922 19
53. William Henry Moody........... Massachusetts........... Dec. 12, 1906 Nov. 20, 1910 3
54. Horace Harmon Lurton.......... Tennessee............... Dec. 20, 1909 July 12, 1914 4
55. Charles Evans Hughes.......... New York................ May 2, 1910 June 10, 1916 5
56. Willis Van Devanter........... Wyoming................. Dec. 16, 1910 June 2, 1937 26
57. Joseph Rucker Lamar........... Georgia................. Dec. 17, 1910 Jan. 2, 1916 4
58. Mahlon Pitney................. New Jersey.............. Mar. 13, 1912 Dec. 31, 1922 10
59. James Clark McReynolds........ Tennessee............... Aug. 29, 1914 Jan. 31, 1941 26
60. Louis Dembitz Brandeis........ Massachusetts........... June 1, 1916 Feb. 13, 1939 22
61. John Hessin Clarke............ Ohio.................... July 24, 1916 Sept. 18, 1922 5
62. George Sutherland............. Utah.................... Sept. 5, 1922 Jan. 17, 1938 15
63. Pierce Butler................. Minnesota............... Dec. 21, 1922 Nov. 16, 1939 16
64. Edward Terry Sanford.......... Tennessee............... Jan. 29, 1923 Mar. 8, 1930 7
65. Harlan Fiske Stone............ New York................ Feb. 5, 1925 July 2, 1941 16
66. Owen Josephus Roberts......... Pennsylvania............ May 20, 1930 July 31, 1945 15
67. Benjamin Nathan Cardozo....... New York................ Mar. 2, 1932 July 9, 1938 6
68. Hugo Lafayette Black.......... Alabama................. Aug. 18, 1937 Sept. 17, 1971 34
69. Stanley Forman Reed........... Kentucky................ Jan. 27, 1938 Feb. 25, 1957 19
70. Felix Frankfurter............. Massachusetts........... Jan. 20, 1939 Aug. 28, 1962 23
71. William Orville Douglas....... Connecticut............. Apr. 15, 1939 Nov. 12, 1975 36
72. Frank Murphy.................. Michigan................ Jan. 18, 1940 July 19, 1949 9
73. James Francis Byrnes.......... South Carolina.......... June 25, 1941 Oct. 3, 1942 1
74. Robert Houghwout Jackson...... New York................ July 11, 1941 Oct. 9, 1954 13
75. Wiley Blount Rutledge......... Iowa.................... Feb. 11, 1943 Sept. 10, 1949 6
76. Harold Hitz Burton............ Ohio.................... Sept. 22, 1945 Oct. 13, 1958 13
77. Thomas Campbell Clark......... Texas................... Aug. 19, 1949 June 12, 1967 17
78. Sherman Minton................ Indiana................. Oct. 5, 1949 Oct. 15, 1956 7
79. John Marshall Harlan.......... New York................ Mar. 17, 1955 Sept. 23, 1971 16
80. William J. Brennan, Jr........ New Jersey.............. Oct. 15, 1956 July 20, 1990 34
81. Charles Evans Whittaker....... Missouri................ Mar. 22, 1957 Mar. 31, 1962 5
82. Potter Stewart................ Ohio.................... Oct. 14, 1958 July 3, 1981 23
83. Byron R. White................ Colorado................ Apr. 12, 1962 June 28, 1993 31
84. Arthur J. Goldberg............ Illinois................ Sept. 28, 1962 July 25, 1965 2
85. Abe Fortas.................... Tennessee............... Aug. 11, 1965 May 14, 1969 3
86. Thurgood Marshall............. New York................ Aug. 30, 1967 Oct. 1, 1991 24
87. Harry A. Blackmun............. Minnesota............... May 14, 1970 Aug. 3, 1994 24
88. Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr..... Virginia................ Dec. 9, 1971 June 26, 1987 16
89. William Hubbs Rehnquist....... Arizona................. Dec. 15, 1971 Sept. 25, 1986 15
90. John Paul Stevens............. Illinois................ Dec. 17, 1975 June 29, 2010 34
91. Sandra Day O'Connor........... Arizona................. Sept. 22, 1981 Jan. 31, 2006 26
92. Antonin Scalia................ Virginia................ Sept. 25, 1986 Feb. 13, 2016 29
93. Anthony M. Kennedy............ California.............. Feb. 18, 1988 July 31, 2013 30
94. David Hackett Souter.......... New Hampshire........... Oct. 29, 1990 June 29, 2009 18
95. Clarence Thomas............... Georgia................. Oct. 23, 1991 ................... .......
96. Ruth Bader Ginsburg........... New York................ Aug. 10, 1993 Sept. 18, 2020 27
97. Stephen G. Breyer............. Massachusetts........... Aug. 3, 1994 ................... .......
98. Samuel A. Alito, Jr........... New Jersey.............. Jan. 31, 2006 ................... .......
99. Sonia M. Sotomayor............ New York................ Aug. 8, 2009 ................... .......
100. Elena Kagan.................. Massachusetts........... Aug. 7, 2010 ................... .......
101. Neil M. Gorsuch.............. Colorado................ Apr. 10, 2017 ................... .......
102. Brett M. Kavanaugh........... Maryland................ Oct. 6, 2018 ................... .......
103. Amy Coney Barrett............ Indiana................. Oct. 26, 2020 ................... .......
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Source: Marshal, Supreme Court of the United States.
[[Page 723]]
\2\The acceptance of the appointment and commission by the appointee, as evidenced by the taking of the
prescribed oaths, is here implied, otherwise the individual is not carried on this list of the Members of the
Court. Examples: Robert Hanson Harrison is not carried, as a letter from President Washington of February 9,
1790, states Harrison declined to serve; neither is Edwin M. Stanton, who died before he could take the
necessary steps toward becoming a Member of the Court. Chief Justice Rutledge is included because he took his
oaths and presided over the August term of 1795, his name appearing on two opinions of the Court for that
term.
\3\Where a Member received two commissions the one entered on the Court's Minutes is here used.
\4\Commissioned July 1, 1795 (during adjournment of Congress); presided at August term, 1795. Nomination
rejected by the Senate Dec. 15, 1795.
\5\Also served as Associate Justice.
[[Page 725]]
CABINET OFFICERS, 1789 TO 2019
------------------------------------------------------------
SECRETARIES OF STATE 1971
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date\1\ President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Jefferson.................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1793 Do.
2. Edmund Randolph..................... Jan. 2, 1794 Do.
3. Timothy Pickering................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. John Marshall....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. James Madison....................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1805 Do.
6. Robert Smith........................ Mar. 6, 1809 James Madison.
7. James Monroe........................ Nov. 25, 1811 Do.\2\
Do................................ Feb. 28, 1815 Do.
8. John Quincy Adams................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
9. Henry Clay.......................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
10. Martin Van Buren.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
11. Edward Livingston................... Jan. 12, 1832 Do.\3\
12. Louis McLane........................ May 29, 1833 Do.
13. John Forsyth........................ June 27, 1834 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 4, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
14. Daniel Webster...................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ Apr. 6, 1841 John Tyler.
15. Abel P. Upshur...................... Jan. 2, 1844 Do.\4\
16. John C. Calhoun..................... Mar. 6, 1844 Do.
17. James Buchanan...................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
18. John M. Clayton..................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
19. Daniel Webster...................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
20. Edward Everett...................... Dec. 9, 1852 Do.\5\
21. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Lewis Cass.......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Jeremiah S. Black................... Dec. 17, 1860 Do.
24. William H. Seward................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
25. Elihu B. Washburne.................. Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
26. Hamilton Fish....................... Mar. 11, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
27. William M. Evarts................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
29. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen.......... Dec. 12, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
30. Thomas F. Bayard.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
31. James G. Blaine..................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
32. John W. Foster...................... June 29, 1892 Do.
33. Walter Q. Gresham................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
34. Richard Olney....................... Dec. 3, 1895 Do.\6\
35. John Sherman........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
36. William R. Day...................... Apr. 26, 1898 Do.
37. John Hay............................ Dec. 7, 1898 Do.\7\
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.
38. Elihu Root.......................... Dec. 6, 1905 Do.\8\
39. Robert Bacon........................ Jan. 27, 1909 Do.
40. Philander C. Knox................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
41. William Jennings Bryan.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
42. Robert Lansing...................... Dec. 13, 1915 Do.\9\
43. Bainbridge Colby.................... Mar. 22, 1920 Do.
44. Charles Evans Hughes................ Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
45. Frank B. Kellogg.................... Feb. 16, 1925 Do.
46. Henry Lewis Stimson................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
[[Page 726]]
47. Cordell Hull........................ Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
48. Edward R. Stettinius, Jr............ Nov. 30, 1944 Do.
49. James F. Byrnes..................... July 2, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
50. George C. Marshall.................. Jan. 8, 1947 Do.
51. Dean G. Acheson..................... Jan. 18, 1949 Do.
52. John Foster Dulles.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
53. Christian A. Herter................. Apr. 21, 1959 Do.
54. Dean Rusk........................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
55. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
56. Henry A. Kissinger.................. Sept. 20, 1973 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
57. Cyrus Vance......................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
58. Edmund S. Muskie.................... May 7, 1980 Do.
59. Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr............ Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
60. George P. Shultz.................... July 15, 1982 Do.
61. James A. Baker III.................. Jan. 25, 1989 George Bush.
62. Lawrence S. Eagleburger............. Dec. 10, 1992 Do.
63. Warren Christopher.................. Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
64. Madeleine K. Albright............... Jan. 22, 1997 Do.
65. Colin L. Powell..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
66. Condoleeza Rice..................... Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
67. Hillary Rodham Clinton.............. Jan. 21, 2009 Barack Obama.
68. John Kerry.......................... Jan. 29, 2013 Do.
69. Rex Tillerson....................... Feb. 1, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
70. Mike Pompeo......................... Apr. 26, 2018 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Previous editions of the Senate Manual listed the appointment date for cabinet officers. This edition
provides the Senate's confirmation date. If the cabinet officer was appointed and began service during a
Senate recess, a footnote provides a beginning service date.
\2\Recess appointment; began service April 2, 1811.
\3\Recess appointment; began service May 24, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment; began service July 24, 1843.
\5\Recess appointment; began service Nov. 6, 1852.
\6\Recess appointment; began service June 8, 1895.
\7\Recess appointment; began service Sept. 30, 1898.
\8\Recess appointment; began service July 19, 1905.
\9\Recess appointment; began service June 24, 1915.
1972
SECRETARIES OF THE TREASURY
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alexander Hamilton.................. Sept. 11, 1789 George Washington.
2. Oliver Wolcott, Jr.................. Feb. 3, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
3. Samuel Dexter....................... Dec. 31, 1800 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
4. Albert Gallatin..................... Jan. 26, 1802 Do.\1\
Do............................... ......................... James Madison.
5. George W. Campbell.................. Feb. 9, 1814 Do.
6. Alexander J. Dallas................. Oct. 6, 1814 Do.
7. William H. Crawford................. Oct. 22, 1816 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1817 James Monroe.
8. Richard Rush........................ Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
9. Samuel D. Ingham.................... Mar. 6, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
10. Louis McLane........................ Jan. 13, 1832 Do.\2\
11. William J. Duane.................... ......................... Do.\3\
12. Roger B. Taney...................... ......................... Do.\4\
13. Levi Woodbury....................... June 27, 1834 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Martin Van Buren.
14. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
15. Walter Forward...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
16. John C. Spencer..................... Mar. 3, 1843 Do.
17. George M. Bibb...................... June 15, 1844 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James K. Polk.
18. Robert J. Walker.................... Mar. 5, 1845 Do.
19. William M. Meredith................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
Do............................... ......................... Millard Fillmore.
[[Page 727]]
20. Thomas Corwin....................... July 20, 1850 Do.
21. James Guthrie....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
22. Howell Cobb......................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
23. Phillip F. Thomas................... Dec. 12, 1860 Do.
24. John A. Dix......................... Jan. 11, 1861 Do.
25. Salmon P. Chase..................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
26. William Pitt Fessenden.............. July 1, 1864 Do.
27. Hugh McCulloch...................... Mar. 7, 1865 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
28. George S. Boutwell.................. Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
29. William A. Richardson............... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
30. Benjamin H. Bristow................. June 2, 1874 Do.
31. Lot M. Morrill...................... June 21, 1876 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Rutherford B. Hayes.
32. John Sherman........................ Mar. 8, 1877 Do.
33. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
34. Charles J. Folger................... Oct. 27, 1881 Do.
35. Walter Q. Gresham................... ......................... Do.\5\
36. Hugh McCulloch...................... Dec. 18, 1884 Do.\6\
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
37. Daniel Manning...................... Mar. 6, 1885 Do.
38. Charles S. Fairchild................ Dec. 15, 1887 Do.\7\
Do............................... ......................... Benjamin Harrison.
39. William Windom...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Do.
40. Charles Foster...................... Feb. 24, 1891 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Grover Cleveland.
41. John G. Carlisle.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Do.
Do............................... ......................... William McKinley.
42. Lyman J. Gage....................... Mar. 5, 1897 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
43. Leslie M. Shaw...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
44. George B. Cortelyou................. Jan. 15, 1907 Do.
45. Franklin MacVeagh................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
46. William G. McAdoo................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
47. Carter Glass........................ Dec. 6, 1918 Do.
48. David Franklin Houston.............. Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
49. Andrew W. Mellon.................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
Do............................... ......................... Herbert C. Hoover.
50. Ogden L. Mills...................... Feb. 10, 1932 Do.
51. William H. Woodin................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
52. Henry Morgenthau, Jr................ Jan. 8, 1934 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Harry S. Truman.
53. Fred M. Vinson...................... July 17, 1945 Do.
54. John W. Snyder...................... June 11, 1946 Do.
55. George M. Humphrey.................. Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
56. Robert B. Anderson.................. July 2, 1957 Do.
57. Douglas Dillon...................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
58. Henry H. Fowler..................... Mar. 25, 1965 Do.
59. Joseph W. Barr...................... Dec. 21, 1968 Do.\8\
60. David M. Kennedy.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
61. John B. Connally.................... Feb. 8, 1971 Do.
62. George P. Shultz.................... June 8, 1972 Do.
63. William E. Simon.................... Apr. 30, 1974 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
64. W. Michael Blumenthal............... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
65. G. William Miller................... Aug. 2, 1979 Do.
66. Donald T. Regan..................... Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
67. James A. Baker, III................. Jan. 29, 1985 Do.
68. Nicholas F. Brady................... Sept. 14, 1988 Do.
Do................................ ......................... George Bush.
69. Lloyd Bentsen....................... Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
70. Robert E. Rubin..................... Jan. 10, 1995 Do.
71. Lawrence H. Summers................. July 1, 1999 Do.
72. Paul H. O'Neill..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
73. John Snow........................... Jan. 30, 2003 Do.
74. Henry Paulson....................... June 28, 2006 Do.
75. Timothy Geithner.................... Jan. 26, 2009 Barack Obama.
[[Page 728]]
76. Jacob J. Lew........................ Feb. 27, 2013 Do.
77. Steve Mnuchin....................... Feb. 13, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service May 14, 1801.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 8, 1831.
\3\Recess appointment that was not submitted to the Senate. Duane served from May 29, 1833, to Sept. 23, 1833.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 23, 1833, but was rejected by the Senate on Jun. 24, 1834.
\5\Recess appointment. Served from Sept. 25, 1884, to Oct. 30, 1884.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 31, 1884.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service on Apr. 1, 1887.
\8\Recess appointment. Received new commission Jan. 9, 1969, upon confirmation by the Senate.
1973
SECRETARIES OF DEFENSE*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James V. Forrestal.................. July 26, 1947 Harry S. Truman.
2. Louis A. Johnson.................... Mar. 23, 1949 Do.
3. George C. Marshall.................. Sept. 20, 1950 Do.
4. Robert A. Lovett.................... Sept. 14, 1951 Do.
5. Charles E. Wilson................... Jan. 26, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
6. Neil Hosler McElroy................. Aug. 19, 1957 Do.
7. Thomas Sovereign Gates, Jr.......... Jan. 26, 1960 Do.
8. Robert S. McNamara.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
9. Clark M. Clifford................... Jan. 30, 1968 Do.
10. Melvin R. Laird..................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
11. Elliot L. Richardson................ Jan. 29, 1973 Do.
12. James R. Schlesinger................ June 28, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
13. Donald H. Rumsfeld.................. Nov. 18, 1975 Do.
14. Harold Brown........................ Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
15. Caspar Willard Weinberger........... Jan. 20, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
16. Frank C. Carlucci................... Nov. 20, 1987 Do.
17. Richard B. Cheney................... Mar. 17, 1989 George Bush.
18. Les Aspin........................... Jan. 20, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. William J. Perry.................... Feb. 3, 1994 Do.
20. William S. Cohen.................... Jan. 22, 1997 Do.
21. Donald H. Rumsfeld.................. Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
22. Robert Gates........................ Dec. 6, 2006 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Barack Obama.
23. Leon E. Panetta..................... Jan. 21, 2011 Do.
24. Chuck Hagel......................... Feb. 26, 2013 Do.
25. Ashton Carter....................... Feb. 12, 2015 Do.
26. James Mattis........................ Jan. 20, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
27. Mark Esper.......................... July 23, 2019 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
1974
SECRETARIES OF WAR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Harry Knox.......................... Sept. 12, 1789 George Washington.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Jan. 2, 1795 Do.
3. James McHenry....................... Jan. 27, 1796 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 4, 1797 John Adams.
4. Samuel Dexter....................... May 13, 1800 Do.
5. Roger Griswold...................... Feb. 3, 1801 Do.
6. Henry Dearborn...................... Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
7. William Eustis...................... Mar. 6, 1809 James Madison.
8. John Armstrong...................... Jan. 13, 1813 Do.
9. James Monroe........................ Sept. 27, 1814 Do.
10. William H. Crawford................. Mar. 3, 1815 Do.
11. John C. Calhoun..................... Dec. 15, 1817 James Monroe.\1\
[[Page 729]]
12. James Barbour....................... Mar. 7, 1825 John Quincy Adams.
13. Peter B. Porter..................... May 26, 1828 Do.
14. John H. Eaton....................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
15. Lewis Cass.......................... Dec. 30, 1831 Do.\2\
16. Benjamin F. Butter.................. Mar. 3, 1837 Do.\3\
17. Joel R. Poinsett.................... Mar. 7, 1837 Martin Van Buren.
18. John Bell........................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
19. John C. Spencer..................... Dec. 20, 1841 Do.
20. James M. Porter..................... ......................... Do.\4\
21. William Wilkins..................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
22. William L. Marcy.................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
23. George W. Crawford.................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
24. Charles M. Conard................... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
25. Jefferson Davis..................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
26. John B. Floyd....................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
27. Joseph Holt......................... Jan. 18, 1861 Do.
28. Simon Cameron....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
29. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Jan. 15, 1862 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
30. Ulysses S. Grant.................... ......................... Do.\5\
31. John M. Schofield................... May 30, 1868 Do.
32. John A. Rawlins..................... Mar. 11, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
33. William T. Sherman.................. ......................... Do.\6\
34. William W. Belknap.................. Dec. 8, 1869 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
35. Alphonso Taft....................... Mar. 8, 1876 Do.
36. James D. Cameron.................... May 22, 1876 Do.
37. George W. McCrary................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
38. Alexander Ramsey.................... Dec. 10, 1879 Do.
39. Robert T. Lincoln................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
40. William C. Endicott................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
41. Redfield Proctor.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
42. Stephen B. Elkins................... Dec. 22, 1891 Do.
43. Daniel S. Lamont.................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
44. Russell A. Alger.................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
45. Elihu Root.......................... Dec. 6, 1899 Do.\7\
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
46. William H. Taft..................... Jan. 11, 1904 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
47. Luke E. Wright...................... Dec. 9, 1908 Do.\8\
48. Jacob M. Dickinson.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
49. Henry Lewis Stimson................. May 16, 1911 Do.
50. Lindley M. Garrison................. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
51. Newton D. Baker..................... Mar. 7, 1916 Do.
52. John Wingate Weeks.................. Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
53. Dwight F. Davis..................... Dec. 15, 1925 Do.
54. James William Good.................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
55. Patrick J. Hurley................... Dec. 9, 1929 Do.
56. George H. Dern...................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
57. Harry Hines Woodring................ May 6, 1937 Do.
58. Henry Lewis Stimson................. July 9, 1940 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Harry S. Truman.
59. Robert P. Patterson................. Sept. 20, 1945 Do.
60. Kenneth C. Royall................... July 19, 1947 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The National Security Act of 1947, Public Law 253, 80th Cong., approved July 26, 1947, created the office of
Secretary of Defense and merged the War and Navy Departments into the National Military Establishment.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 8, 1817.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 1, 1831.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service on Oct. 6, 1836.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service on Mar. 8, 1843, but was rejected by the Senate on Jan. 30, 1844.
\5\Recess appointment. Served ad interim from Aug. 12, 1867, to Jan. 12, 1868.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service on Sept. 9, 1869, but nomination not submitted to Senate.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 1, 1899.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service on July 1, 1908.
[[Page 730]]
1975
ATTORNEYS GENERAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edmund Randolph..................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
2. William Bradford.................... Jan. 27, 1794 Do.
3. Charles Lee......................... Dec. 10, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
4. Levi Lincoln........................ Mar. 5, 1801 Thomas Jefferson.
5. John Breckenridge................... Dec. 23, 1805 Do.\1\
6. Caesar A. Rodney.................... Jan. 20, 1807 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James Madison.
7. William Pinckney.................... Dec. 11, 1811 Do.
8. Richard Rush........................ Feb. 10, 1814 Do.
Do............................... ......................... James Monroe.
9. William Wirt........................ Dec. 15, 1817 Do.\2\
Do............................... ......................... John Quincy Adams.
10. John M. Berrien..................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
11. Roger B. Taney...................... Dec. 27, 1831 Do.\3\
12. Benjamin F. Butler.................. June 24, 1834 Do.\4\
Do............................... ......................... Martin Van Buren.
13. Felix Grundy........................ July 5, 1838 Do.
14. Henry D. Gilpin..................... Jan. 10, 1840 Do.
15. John J. Crittenden.................. Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do............................... ......................... John Tyler.
16. Hugh S. Legare...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
17. John Nelson......................... Jan. 2, 1844 Do.\5\
18. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
19. Nathan Clifford..................... Dec. 23, 1846 Do.\6\
20. Isaac Toucey........................ June 21, 1848 Do.
21. Reverdy Johnson..................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
22. John J. Crittenden.................. July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
23. Caleb Cushing....................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
24. Jeremiah S. Black................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
25. Edwin M. Stanton.................... Dec. 20, 1860 Do.
26. Edward Bates........................ Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
27. James Speed......................... Dec. 12, 1864 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Andrew Johnson.
28. Henry Stanbery...................... July 23, 1866 Do.\7\
29. William M. Evarts................... July 15, 1868 Do.
30. E. Rockwood Hoar.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
31. Amos T. Ackerman.................... June 23, 1870 Do.
32. George H. Williams.................. Dec. 14, 1871 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
33. Edwards Pierrepont.................. Dec. 9, 1875 Do.\8\
34. Alphonso Taft....................... May 22, 1876 Do.
35. Charles Devens...................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
36. Wayne MacVeagh...................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do............................... ......................... Chester A. Arthur.
37. Benjamin H. Brewster................ Dec. 19, 1881 Do.
38. Augustus H. Garland................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
39. William H. H. Miller................ Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
40. Richard Olney....................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
41. Judson Harmon....................... Dec. 3, 1895 Do.\9\
42. Joseph McKenna...................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
43. John W. Griggs...................... Jan. 25, 1898 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
44. Philander C. Knox................... Dec. 16, 1901 Do.\10\
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
45. William H. Moody.................... Dec. 7, 1904 Theodore Roosevelt.\11\
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
46. Charles J. Bonaparte................ Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
47. George W. Wickersham................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
48. James Clark McReynolds.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
49. Thomas Watt Gregory................. Aug. 29, 1914 Do.
50. A. Mitchell Palmer.................. Aug. 29, 1919 Do.\12\
51. Harry M. Daugherty.................. Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
52. Harlan F. Stone..................... Apr. 7, 1924 Do.
53. John G. Sargent..................... Mar. 17, 1925 Do.
54. William DeWitt Mitchell............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
55. Homer S. Cummings................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
56. Frank Murphy........................ Jan. 17, 1939 Do.
57. Robert H. Jackson................... Jan. 16, 1940 Do.
58. Francis Biddle...................... Sept. 5, 1941 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Harry S. Truman.
[[Page 731]]
59. Tom C. Clark........................ June 14, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
60. J. Howard McGrath................... Aug. 18, 1949 Do.
61. James P. McGranery.................. May 20, 1952 Do.
62. Herbert Brownell, Jr................ Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
63. William P. Rogers................... Jan. 27, 1958 Do.
64. Robert F. Kennedy................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
65. Nicholas deB. Katzenbach............ Feb. 10, 1965 Do.
66. Ramsey Clark........................ Mar. 2, 1967 Do.
67. John N. Mitchell.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
68. Richard G. Kleindienst.............. June 8, 1972 Do.
69. Elliot L. Richardson................ May 23, 1973 Do.
70. William B. Saxbe.................... Dec. 17, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
71. Edward Hirsch Levi.................. Feb. 5, 1975 Do.
72. Griffin B. Bell..................... Jan. 25, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
73. Benjamin R. Civiletti............... Aug. 1, 1979 Do.
74. William French Smith................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
75. Edwin Meese III..................... Feb. 23, 1985 Do.
76. Richard L. Thornburgh............... Aug. 11, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
77. William P. Barr..................... Nov. 20, 1991 Do.
78. Janet Reno.......................... Mar. 11, 1993 William J. Clinton.
79. John D. Ashcroft.................... Feb. 1, 2001 George W. Bush.
80. Alberto Gonzales.................... Feb. 3, 2005 Do.
81. Michael Mukasey..................... Nov. 8, 2007 Do.
82. Eric Holder......................... Feb. 2, 2009 Barack Obama.
83. Loretta Lynch....................... Apr. 23, 2015 Do.
84. Jeff Sessions....................... Feb. 8, 2017 Donald J. Trump
85. William Barr........................ Feb. 14, 2019 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 7, 1805.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 15, 1817.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service July 20, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 15, 1833.
\5\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1843.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 17, 1846.
\7\Stanbery left his position as attorney general to serve as counsel to President Andrew Johnson in his
impeachment trial. When Johnson again nominated Stanbery as attorney general after the trial, the Senate
rejected the nomination.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service May 15, 1875.
\9\Recess appointment. Began service June 11, 1895.
\10\Recess appointment. Began service April 10, 1901.
\11\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
\12\Palmer was nominated Feb. 27, 1919, but the Senate failed to act on the nomination. Wilson appointed him as
a recess appointment and he began service on Mar. 5, 1919.
1976
POSTMASTERS GENERAL*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Samuel Osgood....................... Sept. 26, 1789 George Washington.
2. Timothy Pickering................... Nov. 7, 1791 Do.\1\
3. Joseph Habersham.................... Feb. 25, 1795 Do.
Do............................... ......................... John Adams.
Do............................... ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
4. Gideon Granger...................... Jan. 6, 1802 Do.\2\
Do................................ ......................... James Madison.
5. Return J. Meigs, Jr................. Mar. 17, 1814 Do.
Do................................ ......................... James Monroe.
6. John McLean......................... Dec. 9, 1823 Do.\3\
Do................................ ......................... John Quincy Adams.
7. William T. Barry.................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
8. Amos Kendall........................ Mar. 15, 1836 Do.\4\
Do................................ ......................... Martin Van Buren.
9. John M. Niles....................... May 18, 1840 Do.
10. Francis Granger..................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ ......................... John Tyler.
11. Charles A. Wickliffe................ Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
12. Cave Johnson........................ Mar. 5, 1845 James K. Polk.
13. Jacob Collamer...................... Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
[[Page 732]]
14. Nathan K. Hall...................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
15. Samuel D. Hubbard................... Aug. 31, 1852 Do.
16. James Campbell...................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
17. Aaron V. Brown...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
18. Joseph Holt......................... Mar. 9, 1859 Do.
19. Horatio King........................ Feb. 12, 1861 Do.
20. Montgomery Blair.................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
21. William Dennison.................... Dec. 8, 1864 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
22. Alexander W. Randall................ July 25, 1866 Do.
23. John A. Creswell.................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
24. James W. Marshal.................... ......................... Do.\5\
25. Marshall Jewell..................... Dec. 15, 1874 Do.\6\
26. James N. Tyner...................... July 12, 1876 Do.
27. David M. Key........................ Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. Horace Maynard...................... June 2, 1880 Do.
29. Thomas L. James..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
Do................................ Oct. 27, 1881 Chester A. Arthur.
30. Timothy O. Howe..................... Dec. 20, 1881 Do.
31. Walter Q. Gresham................... Dec. 11, 1883 Do.\7\
32. Frank Hatton........................ Dec. 4, 1884 Do.\8\
33. William F. Vilas.................... Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
34. Don M. Dickinson.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
35. John Wanamaker...................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
36. Wilson S. Bissell................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
37. William L. Wilson................... Mar. 1, 1895 Do.
38. James A. Gary....................... Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
39. Charles Emory Smith................. Apr. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
40. Henry C. Payne...................... Jan. 9, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
41. Robert J. Wynne..................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\9\
42. George B. Cortelyou................. Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
43. George von L. Meyer................. Jan. 15, 1907 Do.\10\
44. Frank H. Hitchcock.................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
45. Albert Sidney Burleson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
Do................................ Jan. 24, 1918 Do.
46. Will H. Hays........................ Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
47. Hubert Work......................... Mar. 2, 1922 Do.
48. Harry S. New........................ Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1925 Do.
49. Walter Folger Brown................. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
50. James A. Farley..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
51. Frank C. Walker..................... Sept. 6, 1940 Do.
Do................................ Feb. 5, 1945 Do.
52. Robert E. Hannegan.................. May 7, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
53. Jesse M. Donaldson.................. Dec. 15, 1947 Do.
54. Arthur E. Summerfield............... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Do................................ Feb. 4, 1957 Do.
55. J. Edward Day....................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
56. John A. Gronouski................... Sept. 24, 1963 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
57. Lawrence F. O'Brien................. Sept. 1, 1965 Do.
58. W. Marvin Watson.................... Apr. 26, 1968 Do.
59. Winton M. Blount.................... Jan. 21, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Post Office Department ceased to exist as a Cabinet Department upon the establishment of the United States
Postal Service, effective July 1, 1971. Winton M. Blount was the last Postmaster General to be appointed by a
President of the United States.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 12, 1791.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Nov. 28, 1791.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service June 26, 1823.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service May 1, 1835.
\5\Recess appointment. Nomination never submitted to Senate. Served July 7, 1874, to Aug. 31, 1874.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 1, 1874.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service Apr. 11, 1883.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 14, 1884.
\9\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 10, 1904.
\10\To take effect Mar. 4, 1907.
[[Page 733]]
1977
SECRETARIES OF THE NAVY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Benjamin Stoddert................... May 21, 1798 John Adams.
Do................................ ......................... Thomas Jefferson.
2. Robert Smith........................ ......................... Do.\1\
3. Paul Hamilton....................... Mar. 7, 1809 James Madison.
4. William Jones....................... Jan. 12, 1813 Do.
5. Benjamin W. Crowninshield........... Dec. 19, 1814 Do.
Do................................ ......................... James Monroe.
6. Smith Thompson...................... Nov. 30, 1818 Do.
7. Samuel L. Southard.................. Dec. 9, 1823 Do.\2\
Do................................ ......................... John Quincy Adams.
8. John Branch......................... Mar. 9, 1829 Andrew Jackson.
9. Levi Woodbury....................... Dec. 27, 1831 Do.\3\
10. Mahlon Dickerson.................... June 30, 1834 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Martin Van Buren.
11. James K. Paulding................... June 20, 1838 Do.
12. George E. Badger.................... Mar. 5, 1841 William H. Harrison.
Do................................ ......................... John Tyler.
13. Abel P. Upshur...................... Sept. 13, 1841 Do.
14. David Henshaw....................... ......................... Do.\4\
15. Thomas W. Gilmer.................... Feb. 15, 1844 Do.
16. John Y. Mason....................... Mar. 14, 1844 Do.
17. George Bancroft..................... Mar. 10, 1845 James K. Polk.
18. John Y. Mason....................... Dec. 17, 1846 Do.\5\
19. William B. Preston.................. Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
20. William A. Graham................... July 20, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
21. John P. Kennedy..................... July 22, 1852 Do.
22. James C. Dobbin..................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
23. Isaac Toucey........................ Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
24. Gideon Welles....................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
Do................................ ......................... Andrew Johnson.
25. Adolph E. Borie..................... Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
26. George M. Robeson................... Dec. 8, 1869 Do.\6\
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
27. Richard W. Thompson................. Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
28. Nathan Goff, Jr..................... Jan. 6, 1881 Do.
29. William H. Hunt..................... Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
30. William E. Chandler................. Apr. 12, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
31. William C. Whitney.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
32. Benjamin F. Tracy................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
33. Hilary A. Herbert................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
34. John D. Long........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
35. William H. Moody.................... Apr. 29, 1902 Theodore Roosevelt.
36. Paul Morton......................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\7\
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
37. Charles J. Bonaparte................ Dec. 7, 1905 Theodore Roosevelt.\8\
38. Victor H. Metcalf................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
39. Truman H. Newberry.................. Dec. 9, 1908 Do.
40. George von L. Meyer................. Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
41. Josephus Daniels.................... Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
42. Edwin Denby......................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
43. Curtis D. Wilbur.................... Mar. 18, 1924 Do.
44. Charles Francis Adams............... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
45. Claude A. Swanson................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
46. Charles Edison...................... Jan. 11, 1940 Do.
47. Frank Knox.......................... July 10, 1940 Do.
48. James V. Forrestal.................. May 17, 1944 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Navy and War Departments were merged into the National Military Establishment by Public Law 253, 80th
Cong., approved July 26, 1947.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service July 27, 1801.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 16, 1823.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service May 23, 1831.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service July 24, 1843. Rejected by the Senate on Jan. 15, 1844.
\5\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 9, 1846.
\6\Recess appointment. Began service June 26, 1869.
\7\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
\8\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1905.
[[Page 734]]
1978
SECRETARIES OF THE INTERIOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Thomas Ewing........................ Mar. 7, 1849 Zachary Taylor.
2. Thomas M. T. McKennan............... Aug. 15, 1850 Millard Fillmore.
3. Alex H. H. Stuart................... Sept. 12, 1850 Do.
4. Robert McClelland................... Mar. 7, 1853 Franklin Pierce.
5. Jacob Thompson...................... Mar. 6, 1857 James Buchanan.
6. Caleb B. Smith...................... Mar. 5, 1861 Abraham Lincoln.
7. John P. Usher....................... Jan. 8, 1863 Do.
Do................................ Apr. 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson.
8. James Harlan........................ May 15, 1865 Do.\1\
9. Orville H. Browning................. July 27, 1866 Do.
10. Jacob D. Cox........................ Mar. 5, 1869 Ulysses S. Grant.
11. Columbus Delano..................... Dec. 8, 1870 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 17, 1873 Do.
12. Zachariah Chandler.................. Dec. 9, 1875 Do.\2\
13. Carl Schurz......................... Mar. 10, 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes.
14. Samuel J. Kirkwood.................. Mar. 5, 1881 James A. Garfield.
15. Henry M. Teller..................... Apr. 6, 1882 Chester A. Arthur.
16. Lucius Q. C. Lamar.................. Mar. 6, 1885 Grover Cleveland.
17. William F. Vilas.................... Jan. 16, 1888 Do.
18. John W. Noble....................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
19. Hoke Smith.......................... Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
20. David R. Francis.................... Jan. 18, 1897 Do.\3\
21. Cornelius N. Bliss.................. Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
22. Ethan Allen Hitchcock............... Dec. 21, 1898 Do.
Do................................ Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
Do................................ Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
23. James R. Garfield................... Jan. 15, 1907 Do.
24. Richard A. Ballinger................ Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
25. Walter L. Fisher.................... Apr. 17, 1911 Do.
26. Franklin Knight Lane................ Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
27. John Barton Payne................... Feb. 28, 1920 Do.
28. Albert Bacon Fall................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
29. Hubert Work......................... Feb. 27, 1923 Do.
Do................................ ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
30. Roy O. West......................... July 20, 1928 Do.
31. Ray Lyman Wilbur.................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
32. Harold L. Ickes..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Do................................ ......................... Harry S. Truman.
33. Julius A. Krug...................... Mar. 5, 1946 Do.
34. Oscar L. Chapman.................... Jan. 18, 1950 Do.\4\
35. Douglas McKay....................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
36. Frederick A. Seaton................. June 6, 1956 Do.
37. Stewart Lee Udall................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do................................ ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
38. Walter J. Hickel.................... Jan. 23, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
39. Rogers C. B. Morton................. Jan. 28, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
40. Stanley K. Hathaway................. June 11, 1975 Do.
41. Thomas S. Kleppe.................... Oct. 9, 1975 Do.
42. Cecil D. Andrus..................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
43. James Gaius Watt.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
44. William P. Clark.................... Nov. 18, 1983 Do.
45. Donald P. Hodel..................... Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
46. Manuel Lujan, Jr.................... Feb. 2, 1989 George Bush.
47. Bruce Babbitt....................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
48. Gale A. Norton...................... Jan. 30, 2001 George W. Bush.
49. Dirk Kempthorne..................... May 26, 2006 Do.
50. Ken Salazar......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
51. Sally Jewell........................ Apr. 10, 2013 Do.
52. Ryan Zinke.......................... Mar. 1, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
53. David Bernhardt..................... Apr. 11, 2019 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Harlan was nominated by Abraham Lincoln and confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 9, 1865, to take effect on May
15, 1865.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 19, 1875.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service Sept. 1, 1896.
\4\Recess appointment. Began service Dec. 1, 1949.
[[Page 735]]
1979
SECRETARIES OF AGRICULTURE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Norman J. Coleman................... Feb. 13, 1889 Grover Cleveland.
2. Jeremiah M. Rusk.................... Mar. 5, 1889 Benjamin Harrison.
3. Julius Sterling Morton.............. Mar. 6, 1893 Grover Cleveland.
4. James Wilson........................ Mar. 5, 1897 William McKinley.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1901 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Theodore Roosevelt.
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do.
Do............................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
5. David Franklin Houston.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
6. Edwin Thomas Meredith............... Jan. 31, 1920 Do.
7. Henry C. Wallace.................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
8. Howard M. Gore...................... Dec. 4, 1924 Do.
9. William M. Jardine.................. Feb. 17, 1925 Do.
10. Arthur L. Hyde...................... Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
11. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
12. Claude R. Wickard................... Aug. 23, 1940 Do.
13. Clinton P. Anderson................. June 1, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
14. Charles F. Brannan.................. May 28, 1948 Do.
15. Ezra Taft Benson.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
16. Orville L. Freeman.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. Clifford M. Hardin.................. Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
18. Earl Lauer Butz..................... Dec. 2, 1971 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
19. John A. Knebel...................... Nov. 3, 1976 Do.\1\
20. Bob S. Bergland..................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
21. John R. Block....................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
22. Richard E. Lyng..................... Mar. 6, 1986 Do.
23. Clayton K. Yeutter.................. Feb. 8, 1989 George Bush.
24. Edward R. Madigan................... Mar. 7, 1991 Do.
25. Mike Espy........................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
26. Daniel R. Glickman.................. Mar. 30, 1995 Do.
27. Ann M. Veneman...................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush
28. Mike Johanns........................ Jan. 20, 2005 Do.
29. Edward Schafer...................... Jan. 28, 2008 Do.
30. Tom Vilsack......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
31. Sonny Perdue........................ Apr. 24, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Nomination not confirmed by the Senate.
1980
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE AND LABOR*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. George B. Cortelyou................. Feb. 16, 1903 Theodore Roosevelt.
2. Victor H. Metcalf................... Dec. 7, 1904 Do.\1\
Do............................... Mar. 6, 1905 Do
3. Oscar S. Straus..................... Dec. 12, 1906 Do.
4. Charles Nagel....................... Mar. 5, 1909 William H. Taft.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Department of Commerce and Labor abolished Mar. 3, 1913.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service July 1, 1904.
1981
SECRETARIES OF COMMERCE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William C. Redfield................. Mar. 4, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. Joshua Wills Alexander.............. Dec. 11, 1919 Do.
3. Herbert C. Hoover................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
4. William F. Whiting.................. Dec. 11, 1928 Do.\1\
5. Robert Patterson Lamont............. Mar. 5, 1929 Herbert C. Hoover.
6. Roy Dikeman Chapin.................. Dec. 14, 1932 Do.\2\
7. Daniel C. Roper..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
8. Harry L. Hopkins.................... Jan. 23, 1939 Do.
9. Jesse H. Jones...................... Sept. 14, 1940 Do.
[[Page 736]]
10. Henry A. Wallace.................... Mar. 1, 1945 Do.
11. W. Averell Harriman................. Jan. 27, 1947 Harry S. Truman.\3\
12. Charles Sawyer...................... May 5, 1948 Do.
13. Sinclair Weeks...................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
14. Lewis L. Strauss.................... ......................... Do.\4\
15. Frederick Henry Mueller............. Aug. 6, 1959 Do.
16. Luther H. Hodges.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
17. John T. Connor...................... Jan. 15, 1965 Do.
18. Alexander B. Trowbridge............. June 8, 1967 Do.
19. C. R. Smith......................... Mar. 1, 1968 Do.
20. Maurice H. Stans.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
21. Peter G. Peterson................... Feb. 21, 1972 Do.
22. Frederick B. Dent................... Jan. 18, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
23. Rogers C. B. Morton................. Apr. 25, 1975 Do.
24. Elliot L. Richardson................ Dec. 11, 1975 Do.
25. Juanita M. Kreps.................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
26. Philip M. Klutznick................. Dec. 20, 1979 Do.
27. Malcolm Baldrige.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
28. C. William Verity, Jr............... Oct. 13, 1987 Do.
29. Robert A. Mosbacher................. Jan. 31, 1989 George Bush.
30. Barbara H. Franklin................. Feb. 27, 1992 Do.
31. Ronald H. Brown..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
32. Michael Kantor...................... ......................... Do.\5\
33. William M. Daley.................... Jan. 30, 1997 Do.
34. Norman Y. Mineta.................... July 20, 2000 Do.
35. Donald L. Evans..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
36. Carlos Gutierrez.................... Jan. 24, 2005 Do.
37. Gary Locke.......................... Mar. 24, 2009 Barack Obama.
38. John E. Bryson...................... Oct. 20, 2011 Do.
39. Penny Pritzker...................... June 25, 2013 Do.
40. Wilbur Ross......................... Feb. 27, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 22, 1928.
\2\Recess appointment. Began service Aug. 8, 1932.
\3\Recess appointment. Began service Oct. 7, 1946.
\4\Recess appointment. Served from Nov. 13, 1958 to June 30, 1958. Nomination rejected by the Senate (June 18,
1959).
\5\Recess appointment. Served from Apr. 12, 1996 to Jan. 21, 1997.
1982
SECRETARIES OF LABOR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. William Bauchop Wilson.............. Mar. 5, 1913 Woodrow Wilson.
2. James J. Davis...................... Mar. 4, 1921 Warren G. Harding.
Do............................... ......................... Calvin Coolidge.
3. William N. Doak..................... Dec. 8, 1930 Herbert C. Hoover.
4. Frances Perkins..................... Mar. 4, 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt.
5. Lewis B. Schwellenbach.............. May 31, 1945 Harry S. Truman.
6. Maurice J. Tobin.................... Jan. 31, 1949 Do.\1\
7. Martin P. Durkin.................... Jan. 21, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
8. James P. Mitchell................... Jan. 19, 1954 Do.
9. Arthur J. Goldberg.................. Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
10. W. Willard Wirtz.................... Sept. 20, 1962 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
11. George P. Shultz.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
12. James D. Hodgson.................... June 17, 1970 Do.
13. Peter J. Brennan.................... Jan. 31, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
14. John T. Dunlop...................... Mar. 6, 1975 Do.
15. Willie J. Usery, Jr................. Feb. 4, 1976 Do.
16. Ray Marshall........................ Jan. 26, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
17. Raymond J. Donovan.................. Feb. 3, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
18. William E. Brock III................ April 26, 1985 Do.
19. Ann D. McLaughlin................... Dec. 11, 1987 Do.
20. Elizabeth H. Dole................... Jan. 25, 1989 George Bush.
21. Lynn Martin......................... Feb. 7, 1991 Do.
22. Robert B. Reich..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
[[Page 737]]
23. Alexis M. Herman.................... Apr. 30, 1997 Do.
24. Elaine L. Chao...................... Jan. 29, 2001 George W. Bush.
25. Hilda Solis......................... Feb. 24, 2009 Barack Obama.
26. Thomas Perez........................ July 18, 2013 Do.
27. Alexander Acosta.................... Apr. 27, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
28. Eugene Scalia....................... Sept. 26, 2017 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\Recess appointment. Began service on Aug. 13, 1948.
1983
SECRETARIES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Oveta Culp Hobby.................... Apr. 10, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower.
2. Marion B. Folsom.................... July 20, 1955 Do.
3. Arthur S. Flemming.................. July 9, 1958 Do.
4. Abraham Ribicoff.................... Jan. 21, 1961 John F. Kennedy.
5. Anthony J. Celebrezze............... July 20, 1962 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Lyndon B. Johnson.
6. John W. Gardner..................... Aug. 11, 1965 Do.
7. Wilbur J. Cohen..................... May 9, 1968 Do.
8. Robert H. Finch..................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
9. Elliot L. Richardson................ June 15, 1970 Do.
10. Caspar W. Weinberger................ Feb. 8, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
11. Forrest David Mathews............... July 22, 1975 Do.
12. Joseph A. Califano, Jr.............. Jan. 24, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
13. Patricia Roberts Harris............. July 27, 1979 Do.
14. Richard S. Schweiker................ Jan. 21, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
15. Margaret M. Heckler................. Mar. 7, 1983 Do.
16. Dr. Otis R. Bowen................... Dec. 12, 1985 Do.
17. Dr. Louis W. Sullivan............... Mar. 1, 1989 George Bush.
18. Donna E. Shalala.................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
19. Tommy G. Thompson................... Jan. 24, 2001 George W. Bush.
20. Michael Leavitt..................... Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
21. Kathleen Sebelius................... Apr. 28, 2009 Barack Obama.
22. Sylvia Mathews Burwell.............. June 5, 2014 Do.
23. Tom Price........................... Feb. 10, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
24. Alex Azar........................... Jan. 24, 2018 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare was created by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1953, approved
Apr. 1, 1953 (67 Stat. 18; 5 U.S.C. 623), which, effective Apr. 11, 1953, abolished the Federal Security
Agency and transferred its functions to the new Department. Name changed from Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare effective May 4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1984
SECRETARIES OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Robert C. Weaver.................... Jan. 17, 1966 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. Robert C. Wood...................... ......................... Do.\1\
3. George W. Romney.................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
4. James T. Lynn....................... Jan. 31, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
5. Carla Anderson Hills................ Mar. 5, 1975 Do.
6. Patricia Roberts Harris............. Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
7. Moon Landrieu....................... Sept. 12, 1979 Do.
8. Samuel R. Pierce, Jr................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
9. Jack Kemp........................... Feb. 2, 1989 George Bush.
10. Henry G. Cisneros................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
11. Andrew Cuomo........................ Jan. 29, 1997 Do.
12. Mel R. Martinez..................... Jan. 23, 2001 George W. Bush.
13. Alphonso R. Jackson................. Mar. 31, 2004 Do.
14. Steven C. Preston................... June 4, 2008 Do.
15. Shaun Donovan....................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
16. Julian Castro....................... July 9, 2014 Do.
[[Page 738]]
17. Ben Carson.......................... Mar. 2, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Housing and Urban Development was created by Public Law 89-174, approved Sept. 9, 1965.
\1\Recess appointment. Served from Jan. 7, 1969 to Jan. 20, 1969.
1985
SECRETARIES OF TRANSPORTATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Alan S. Boyd........................ Jan. 17, 1967 Lyndon B. Johnson.
2. John A. Volpe....................... Jan. 20, 1969 Richard M. Nixon.
3. Claude S. Brinegar.................. Jan. 18, 1973 Do.
Do............................... ......................... Gerald R. Ford.
4. William T. Coleman, Jr.............. Mar. 3, 1975 Do.
5. Brockman Adams...................... Jan. 20, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
6. Neil Goldschmidt.................... Sept. 21, 1979 Do.
7. Andrew L. Lewis, Jr................. Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
8. Elizabeth Hanford Dole.............. Feb. 1, 1983 Do.
9. James H. Burnley IV................. Nov. 30, 1987 Do.
10. Samuel K. Skinner................... Jan. 31, 1989 George Bush.
11. Andrew H. Card, Jr.................. Feb. 21, 1992 Do.
12. Federico Pena....................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
13. Rodney E. Slater.................... Feb. 6, 1997 Do.
14. Norman Y. Mineta.................... Jan. 24, 2001 George W. Bush.
15. Mary Peters......................... Sept. 29, 2006 Do.
16. Ray LaHood.......................... Jan. 22, 2009 Barack Obama.
17. Anthony Foxx........................ June 27, 2013 Do.
18. Elaine Chao......................... Jan. 31, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Transportation was created by Public Law 89-670, approved Oct. 15, 1966.
1986
SECRETARIES OF ENERGY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. James R. Schlesinger................ Aug. 4, 1977 Jimmy Carter.
2. Charles William Duncan, Jr.......... July 31, 1979 Do.
3. James B. Edwards.................... Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
4. Donald P. Hodel..................... Dec. 8, 1982 Do.
5. John S. Herrington.................. Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
6. James D. Watkins.................... Mar. 1, 1989 George Bush.
7. Hazel Rollins O'Leary............... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
8. Frederico Pena...................... Mar. 12, 1997 Do.
9. Bill Richardson..................... July 31, 1998 Do.
10. Spencer Abraham..................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
11. Sam Bodman.......................... Jan. 31, 2005 Do.
12. Steven Chu.......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
13. Ernest Moniz........................ May 16, 2013 Do.
14. Rick Perry.......................... Mar. 2, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
15. Dan R. Brouillette.................. Dec. 2, 2017 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Energy was created by Public Law 95-91, approved Aug. 4, 1977.
1987
SECRETARIES OF EDUCATION*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Shirley Mount Hufstedler............. Nov. 30, 1979 Jimmy Carter.
2. T.H. Bell............................ Jan. 22, 1981 Ronald Reagan.
3. William J. Bennett................... Feb. 6, 1985 Do.
4. Lauro F. Cavazos..................... Sept. 20, 1988 Do.
Do............................... ......................... George Bush.
5. Lamar Alexander...................... Mar. 14, 1991 Do.
[[Page 739]]
6. Richard W. Riley..................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
7. Roderick R. Paige.................... Jan. 20, 2001 George W. Bush.
8. Margaret Spellings................... Jan. 20, 2005 Do.
9. Arne Duncan.......................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
10. John King........................... Mar. 14, 2016 Do.
11. Betsy DeVos......................... Feb. 7, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Education was created by Public Law 96-88, approved Oct. 17, 1979, and became effective May
4, 1980, pursuant to Executive Order 12212 of May 2, 1980.
1988
SECRETARIES OF VETERANS AFFAIRS*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Edward J. Derwinski.................. Mar. 2, 1989 George Bush.
2. Jesse Brown.......................... Jan. 21, 1993 William J. Clinton.
3. Togo D. West, Jr..................... Apr. 28, 1998 Do.\1\
4. Anthony J. Principi.................. Jan. 23, 2001 George W. Bush.
5. Jim Nicholson........................ Jan. 26, 2005 Do.
6. James Peake.......................... Dec. 14, 2007 Do.
7. Eric Shinseki........................ Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
8. Robert A. McDonald................... July 29, 2014 Do.
9. David Shulkin........................ Feb. 13, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
10. Robert Wilkie....................... Feb. 13, 2017 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Department of Veterans Affairs was created by Public Law 100-527, approved Oct. 25, 1988, which abolished
the Veterans Administration and transferred its functions to the new Department, effective Mar. 15, 1989.
\1\Recess appointment. Began service Jan. 2, 1998.
1989
SECRETARIES OF HOMELAND SECURITY*
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Confirmation date President
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Tom Ridge............................ Jan. 22, 2003 George W. Bush.
2. Michael Chertoff..................... Feb. 15, 2005 Do.
3. Janet Napolitano..................... Jan. 20, 2009 Barack Obama.
4. Jeh Johnson.......................... Dec. 16, 2013 Do.
5. John Kelly........................... Jan. 30, 2017 Donald J. Trump.
6. Kirstjen Nielsen..................... Dec. 5, 2017 Do.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Created by Public Law 107-296, approved Nov. 25, 2002.
[[Page 740]]
[1990]
RATIFICATION\1\ OF THE CONSTITUTION BY THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Votes cast Population at Area in
State ratification of the -------------------- date of Population, square Remarks
Constitution Yeas Nays ratification 2000 census miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Delaware........................ Dec. 7, 1787....... \2\30 ........ 59,096 783,600 2,045 .................................
Pennsylvania.................... Dec. 12, 1787...... 46 23 434,373 12,281,054 45,308 .................................
New Jersey...................... Dec. 18, 1787...... \2\38 ........ 184,139 8,414,350 7,787 .................................
Georgia......................... Jan. 2, 1788....... \2\26 ........ 82,548 8,186,453 58,910 Seceded Jan. 19, 1861. Readmitted
to representation by the act of
July 15, 1870.
Connecticut..................... Jan. 9, 1788....... 128 40 238,141 3,405,565 5,018 .................................
Massachusetts................... Feb. 6, 1788....... 187 168 378,787 6,349,097 8,284 .................................
Maryland........................ Apr. 28, 1788...... 63 11 319,728 5,296,486 10,460 .................................
South Carolina.................. May 23, 1788....... 149 73 249,073 4,012,012 31,113 Seceded Dec. 20, 1860. Readmitted
to representation upon ratifying
the Fourteenth Amendment, July
9, 1868.
New Hampshire................... June 21, 1788...... 57 46 141,899 1,235,786 9,279 .................................
Virginia........................ June 25, 1788...... 89 79 747,610 7,078,515 \3\ 40,767 Seceded Apr. 17, 1861. Readmitted
to representation by the act of
Jan. 26, 1870.
New York........................ July 26, 1788...... 30 27 340,120 18,976,457 49,108 .................................
North Carolina.................. Nov. 21, 1789...... 184 77 393,751 8,049,313 52,669 Seceded May 21, 1861. Readmitted
to representation upon ratifying
the Fourteenth Amendment, July
4, 1868.
Rhode Island.................... May 29, 1790....... 34 32 68,825 1,048,319 1,212 .................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\The Constitution was adopted by Convention of the States, Sept. 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the several States in the order listed.
\2\Unanimous.
\3\The area of Virginia at the date of ratification was 61,352 square miles, but Dec. 31, 1862, a portion of its territory was set off and admitted into
the Union as a free and independent State under the name of West Virginia.
[[Page 741]]
[1991]
STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Population at Area in
State Date of admission time of Population, square Formation
admission 2000 census miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vermont............................ Mar. 4, 1791.......... 85,539 608,827 9,614 Formed from a portion of the territory of the
State of New York.
Kentucky........................... June 1, 1792.......... 73,677 4,041,769 40,410 Formed from a portion of the territory of the
State of Virginia.
Tennessee.......................... June 1, 1796.......... 77,262 5,689,283 42,144 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by North Carolina. Seceded June 8,
1861. Readmitted to representation by joint
resolution of July 24, 1866.
Ohio............................... Mar. 1, 1803\1\....... 41,915 11,353,140 41,330 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the State of Virginia.
Louisiana.......................... Apr. 30, 1812......... 76,556 4,468,976 47,752 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by France under the Treaty of Paris of
Apr. 30, 1803. Seceded Jan. 26, 1861.
Readmitted to representation upon ratifying
the Fourteenth Amendment, July 9, 1868.
Indiana............................ Dec. 11, 1816......... 63,897 6,080,485 36,185 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the State of Virginia.
Mississippi........................ Dec. 10, 1817......... 75,512 2,844,658 47,689 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the States of Georgia and South
Carolina. Seceded Jan. 9, 1861. Readmitted to
representation by act of Feb. 23, 1870.
Illinois........................... Dec. 3, 1818.......... 34,620 12,419,293 56,345 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the State of Virginia.
Alabama............................ Dec. 14, 1819......... 144,317 4,447,100 51,705 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the States of South Carolina and
Georgia. Seceded Jan. 11, 1861. Readmitted to
representation upon ratifying the Fourteenth
Amendment, July 13, 1868.
Maine.............................. Mar. 15, 1820......... 298,335 1,274,923 33,265 Formed from a portion of the territory of the
State of Massachusetts.
Missouri........................... Aug. 10, 1821......... 66,586 5,595,211 69,697 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France, under the name of
``Louisiana,'' by the Treaty of Paris of 1803.
Arkansas........................... June 15, 1836......... 52,240 2,673,400 53,187 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France, under the name of
``Louisiana,'' by the Treaty of Paris of 1803.
Seceded May 6, 1861. Readmitted to
representation upon ratifying the Fourteenth
Amendment, June 22, 1868.
Michigan........................... Jan. 26, 1837......... *200,000 9,938,444 58,527 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the State of Virginia.
Florida............................ Mar. 3, 1845.......... 54,477 15,982,378 58,664 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by Spain by Treaty of Washington of
Feb. 22, 1819. Seceded Jan. 11, 1861.
Readmitted to representation upon ratifying
the Fourteenth Amendment, June 25, 1868.
Texas.............................. Dec. 29, 1845......... *250,000 20,851,820 266,807 This State was originally a part of the
Republic of Mexico, but by a successful revolt
the people established for themselves an
independent republican government, and were
subsequently annexed to the United States.
Seceded Feb. 1, 1861. Readmitted to
representation by the act of Mar. 30, 1870.
Iowa............................... Dec. 28, 1846......... 81,920 2,926,324 56,275 Formed from a portion of the Territory of
Wisconsin, as the ``Territory of Iowa,'' June
12, 1838.
Wisconsin.......................... May 29, 1848.......... 210,596 5,363,675 56,153 Formed from a portion of the territory of the
State of Michigan, as the ``Territory of
Wisconsin,'' Apr. 20, 1836.
California......................... Sept. 9, 1850......... 107,000 33,871,648 158,706 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
Minnesota.......................... May 11, 1858.......... 150,042 4,919,479 84,402 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France by the Treaty of
Paris of Apr. 30, 1803.
[[Page 742]]
Oregon............................. Feb. 14, 1859......... 52,465 3,421,399 97,073 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by the Treaty with France of Apr. 30,
1803, the Treaty with Spain of Feb. 22, 1819,
and the Treaty with Great Britain of June 15,
1846.
Kansas............................. Jan. 29, 1861......... 107,206 2,688,418 82,277 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by France by the Treaty of Paris of
Apr. 30, 1803, and by the State of Texas, in
the settlement of her boundaries, in 1850.
West Virginia...................... June 20, 1863......... 376,683 1,808,344 24,232 Formed from a portion of the territory of the
State of Virginia.
Nevada............................. Oct. 31, 1864......... *40,000 1,998,257 110,561 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by Mexico by the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
Nebraska........................... Mar. 1, 1867.......... *60,000 1,711,263 77,355 Formed from a petition of the territory ceded
to the United States by France by the Treaty
of Paris of Apr. 30, 1803.
Colorado........................... Aug. 1, 1876.......... *150,000 4,301,261 104,091 Formed from portions of the territory ceded to
the United States by France by the Treaty of
Paris of Apr. 30, 1803 and of that ceded by
Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of
Feb. 2, 1848.
South Dakota....................... Nov. 2, 1889.......... *460,000 754,844 77,116 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France by the Treaty of
Paris of Apr. 30, 1803.
North Dakota....................... Nov. 2, 1889.......... 642,200 70,702 Do.
Montana............................ Nov. 8, 1889.......... *112,000 902,195 147,046 Do.
Washington......................... Nov. 11, 1889......... *273,000 5,894,121 68,139 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by France by Treaty of Paris of Apr.
30, 1803. The northern boundary of the
territory was settled by a treaty with Great
Britain, known as the ``Oregon Treaty'' of
June 15, 1846.
Idaho.............................. July 3, 1890.......... 84,385 1,293,953 83,564 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France by the Treaty of
Paris of Apr. 30, 1803.
Wyoming............................ July 10, 1890......... 60,705 493,782 97,809 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by France by the Treaty of
Paris of Apr. 30, 1803.
Utah............................... Jan. 4, 1896.......... *241,000 2,233,169 84,899 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by Mexico by the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
Oklahoma........................... Nov. 16, 1907......... *1,414,177 3,450,654 69,956 Formed by the union of Oklahoma Territory and
Indian Territory.
New Mexico......................... Jan. 6, 1912.......... *338,470 1,819,046 121,593 Formed from a portion of the territory ceded to
the United States by Mexico by the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848.
Arizona............................ Feb. 14, 1912......... *216,639 5,130,632 114,000 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by Mexico, part by the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo of Feb. 2, 1848, and part by
what is known as the ``Gadsden Purchase,''
Dec. 30, 1853.
Alaska............................. Jan. 3, 1959.......... *211,000 626,932 591,004 Formed from territory ceded to the United
States by Russia by treaty of Mar. 30, 1867.
Hawaii............................. Aug. 21, 1959......... *595,000 1,211,537 6,471 Formed from the territory of the Republic of
Hawaii, annexed to the United States by act of
Congress of July 7, 1898.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Estimated.
\1\By Public Law 204 of the 83d Cong., approved Aug. 7, 1953 (67 Stat. 407), Congress corrected an oversight of one-and-one-half centuries and formally
admitted the State of Ohio to the Union, setting Mar. 1, 1803, as the effective date of admission.
[[Page 743]]
[1992]
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area in
Territory Date of establishment of Population, square Formation
territorial government 2000 census miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
District of Columbia................. ............................ 572,059 69 Established under Art. I, sec. 8, clause 17 of
Constitution. Territory originally ceded by Maryland
(legislative act of Dec. 23, 1788) and Virginia
(legislative act of Dec. 3, 1789). Cessions accepted
by Congress by act of July 16, 1790; lines and bounds
established by proclamation of President Washington,
Mar. 30, 1791. Virginia's cession retroceded by act of
Congress July 9, 1846. The government of the District
is administered by a Mayor and a 13-member Council,
all of whom are elected by the citizens of the
District of Columbia. All acts of the council are
reviewable by Congress. (Dec. 24, 1973, Pub. L. 93-
198.) Pursuant to the District of Columbia Delegate
Act the District of Columbia now has a non-voting
Delegate to the House of Representatives. (Sept. 22,
1970, Pub. L. 91-405, Sec. Sec. 201-206, 84 Stat.
848.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[[Page 744]]
[1993]
COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO, THE INSULAR POSSESSIONS, AND TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area in
Insular possession Date of establishment of Population, square Acquisition
insular government 2010 census miles
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico............ July 25, 1952.................. 3,725,789 3,421 Ceded to United States by Spain by the Treaty of
Paris, Dec. 10, 1898. The constitution of the
Commonwealth was approved July 3, 1952.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guam................................... Aug. 1, 1950................... 159,358 209 Ceded to the United States by Spain by the Treaty
of Paris, Dec. 10, 1898.
American Samoa......................... (\1\) 55,579 77 Acquired by the United States Feb. 16, 1900, under
terms of Tripartite Treaty Dec. 2, 1899. Full
sovereignty accepted from native chiefs by United
States Feb. 20, 1929.
Virgin Islands......................... June 22, 1936.................. 106,415 132 By purchase from Denmark, Mar. 3, 1917, for
$25,000,000. The Revised Organic Act of 1954 is
the basis for the present territorial government.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. (\1\) (\2\) .............. .......... Occupied during World War II. Placed under the
United Nations Trusteeship system in 1947 by
agreement with the Security Council of the United
Nations.
Northern Mariana Islands............... Jan. 9, 1978................... 53,883 184 Concluded future political status negotiations in
1975 which will establish a commonwealth
relationship with the U.S. at termination of the
trusteeship. Covenant providing this relationship
passed by Congress in March 1976 (Pub. L. 94-
241).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Administered under jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, with a locally drafted constitution and elected governor and legislature.
\2\ As of November 3, 1986 the Marshall Islands and the Federal States of Micronesia became freely associated states. The 2015 population of the
remaining territory, the Republic of Palau, was 17,661.
[[Page 745]]
[1994]
APPORTIONMENTS OF REPRESENTATIVES
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State 1787 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alabama........................ ..... ..... ..... *1 3 5 7 7 6 8 8 9 9 10 9 9 9 8 7 7 7 7 7
Alaska......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Arizona........................ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 9
Arkansas....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 4 4 4 4 4 4
California..................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 2 3 4 6 7 8 11 20 23 30 38 43 45 52 53 53
Colorado....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 7
Connecticut.................... 5 7 7 7 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5
Delaware....................... 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Florida........................ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 15 19 23 25 27
Georgia........................ 3 2 4 6 7 9 8 8 7 9 10 11 11 12 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 14
Hawaii......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Idaho.......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Illinois....................... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 3 7 9 14 19 20 22 25 27 27 26 25 24 24 22 20 19 18
Indiana........................ ..... ..... ..... *1 3 7 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 13 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 9 9
Iowa........................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 2 6 9 11 11 11 11 9 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 4
Kansas......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 3 7 8 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4
Kentucky....................... ..... 2 6 10 12 13 10 10 9 10 11 11 11 11 9 9 8 7 7 7 6 6 6
Louisiana...................... ..... ..... ..... *1 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 6
Maine.......................... ..... ..... ..... 7 7 8 7 6 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
Maryland....................... 6 8 9 9 9 8 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8
Mass........................... 8 14 17 13 13 12 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 16 15 14 14 12 12 11 10 10 9
Michigan....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 3 4 6 9 11 12 12 13 17 17 18 19 19 18 16 15 14
Minnesota...................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 2 3 5 7 9 10 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8
Mississippi.................... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 5 4 4
Missouri....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... 1 2 5 7 9 13 14 15 16 16 13 13 11 10 10 9 9 9 8
Montana........................ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
Nebraska....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 3 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
Nevada......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4
N. Hamp........................ 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
N. Jersey...................... 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 7 7 8 10 12 14 14 14 15 15 14 13 13 12
N. Mexico...................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
New York....................... 6 10 17 27 34 40 34 33 31 33 34 34 37 43 45 45 43 41 39 34 31 29 27
N. Carolina.................... 5 10 12 13 13 13 9 8 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 11 11 11 12 13 13
N. Dakota...................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Ohio........................... ..... ..... *1 6 14 19 21 21 19 20 21 21 21 22 24 23 23 24 23 21 19 18 16
Oklahoma....................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *5 8 9 8 6 6 6 6 6 5 5
Oregon......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
Penn........................... 8 13 18 23 26 28 24 25 24 27 28 30 32 36 34 33 30 27 25 23 21 19 18
Rhode Is....................... 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
[[Page 746]]
S. Carolina.................... 5 6 8 9 9 9 7 6 4 5 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7
S. Dakota...................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Tennessee...................... ..... *1 3 6 9 13 11 10 8 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 9 8 9 9 9 9
Texas.......................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 2 4 6 11 13 16 18 21 21 22 23 24 27 30 32 36
Utah........................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
Vermont........................ ..... 2 4 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Virginia....................... 10 19 22 23 22 21 15 13 11 9 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11
Washington..................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 2 3 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 9 10
W. Virginia.................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 5 4 4 3 3 3
Wisconsin...................... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *2 3 6 8 9 10 11 11 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8 8
Wyoming........................ ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... *1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total........................ 65 106 142 186 213 242 232 237 243 293 332 357 391 435 435 435 437 435 435 435 435 435 435
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Indicates representation of new States admitted after the respective decennial census apportionments.
Note: The original apportionment of Representatives was established in 1787 by the Constitution. Subsequent apportionments based on the 1st Census through the 6th Census were as follows
(number of census, date of act, and ratio of persons per Representative): 1st, Apr. 14, 1792, 33,000; 2d, Jan. 14, 1802, 33,000; 3d, Dec. 21, 1811, 35,000; 4th, Mar. 7, 1822, 40,000; 5th,
May 22, 1832, 47,700; 6th, June 25, 1842, 70,680. Apportionment based on the 7th Census (1850) through the 12th Census (1900) was determined by the Vinton method, and for the 13th Census
(1910) and 15th Census (1930) the method of major fractions was employed, there being no reapportionment in 1920. Apportionment based on the 16th Census (1940), through the 21st Census
(1990), was determined by the method of equal proportions, a description of which may be found in S. Doc. 304, 76th Cong., 3d sess.
[[Page 747]]
[2000]
------------------------------------------------------------
GENERAL INDEX
------------------------------------------------------------
Senate Manual Section
A
Absence of:
Senators...........................................6
Vice President.....................................1
Additional views in committee reports.................26.10c
Addresses, memorial, printing of.........................134
Adjourn, motion to..............................6.4, 9, 22.1
Adjournment of Congress...................................60
Admission of States to the Union (table)................1991
Advertising devices prohibited in Senate wing.........150.11
Agency rulemaking, Congressional Review Act..........324-328
Aging, Special Committee on. See Committees, special.
Agriculture, Secretaries of (table).....................1979
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Committee on.
See Committees, standing.
Alabama:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1805, 1806
Alaska:
Alaska national interest lands conservation,
expedited congressional review...........340-342
Alaska natural gas transportation,
congressional review.........................338
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1807, 1808
Allowances to Senators. See Senators: Allowances.
Amend, motion to........................................22.1
Amendment(s):
Committee, not within jurisdiction..............15.5
Division of a question..........................15.3
Laid on table without prejudice to bill.........15.4
Not in order....................................14.7
Of the rules.......................................5
Of treaties.....................................30.1
Post cloture....................................22.2
To appropriation bills............................16
Waiving reading...................................73
American Samoa (historical data)........................1993
Americans With Disabilities Act, application to
Congress............................................42.2
Announcement of committee hearings.....................26.4a
Appeal from ruling of Chair.............................19.4
[[Page 748]]
Appointment of:
Committees......................................24.1
Public officials..................................31
Senator to the Chair.............................1.3
Senators, certificates of...................2.2, 2.3
Apportionments of Representatives (table)...............1994
Appropriation bills. See Bills and resolutions.
Appropriations (see also Budget process,
Congressional):
Annual basis for...............................26.13
Procedure on, in committee........................16
Reappropriating unexpended balances.............16.8
Appropriations, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Architect of the Capitol:
Capitol Building (see also as main entry):
Senate wing of:
Busts of former Vice
Presidents placed
in...................121
Archivist
Records of Congress..............................131
Area of (tables):
Insular possessions of the United States........1993
States other than the Thirteen Original States
1991
Thirteen Original States........................1990
Arizona:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1809, 1810
Arkansas:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1811, 1812
Armed Services, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Arms Export Control Act, congressional review of
exports..........................................365-372
Art, works of, in the Capitol...................126-127, 130
Conservation, replacement, etc..............126, 130
Art, Senate Commission on................................127
Articles of Confederation...............................1701
Assignment of space:
In Senate wing and Senate Office Buildings....25.1n,
Assistant Secretary of Senate
Performance of duties of Chair by................1.2
Atomic energy, nuclear cooperation agreements with
other countries, congressional review............385-391
Attorneys General (table)...............................1975
Authority of standing committees..................25.1, 26.1
Authorizations, expenditure, for committees.............26.9
B
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, Committee on.
See Committees, standing.
Base closure, Senate review of...........................337
Begging prohibited in Senate wing.....................150.11
Bills and resolutions:
Amendments. See as main entry.
Appropriation bills:
[[Page 749]]
Amendment(s) to...........................16
Annual basis for.......................26.13
Consideration of..........................16
New spending authority.................25.1b
Private claims not to be included.......16.5
Procedure on..............................16
Reappropriating unexpended balances.....16.8
Rescission of appropriations...........25.1b
Calendar call...............................7.2, 8.1
Commitment of...................................14.3
Cost estimates of proposals in................26.11a
Court of Federal Claims, reference to...........14.9
Enrollment of...................................14.5
Signing enrolled bills...................1.3
From the House of Representatives................7.3
Introduction of..............................7, 14.1
Modification of a resolution....................15.2
Motion to commit..........................14.7, 22.1
Pension bills............................14.9, 14.10
Preambles.......................................14.8
Printing of...............................11.4, 11.6
Private bills............................14.9, 14.10
Procedure on......................................14
Reading of......................................14.2
Reference of........................14.3, 17.2, 17.3
Reported from committee....14.4, 17.4, 17.5, 26.10b,
26.10c, 26.11, 26.12
Reports to show proposed changes in
existing law (Cordon rule).........26.12
To lie over one day.............................14.6
Withdrawal of a resolution......................15.2
Broadcast:
Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
Senate chamber proceedings........................70
Budget, Committee on the. See Committees, standing.
Budget process, Congressional See also Manual
Sec. 280, separate Contents of Title 2, Chapters
17 A and B.......................................280-306
Congressional budget and fiscal operations...280-301
Concurrent resolutions on the budget:
Annual concurrent
resolution:
Additional matters in
282
Common economic
assumptions
.......... 282
Consultation with
other committees
282
Content of concurrent
resolution
........... 282
Hearings and report
...... 282
Maximum deficit may
not be exceeded
...... 282
Unemployment,
achieving goals
for reducing
......... 282
Views and estimates of
other committees
282
Committee allocations:
Allocation of totals
283
[[Page 750]]
Alteration of
allocations
.......... 283
Determinations by
Budget Committees
283
Points of order
.......... 283
Reports by committees
283
Subsequent concurrent
resolutions
.......... 283
Consideration of
concurrent
resolutions on the
budget:
Conference committee,
required action
...... 286
Mathematical
consistency
required
............. 286
Procedure in the House
286
Procedure in the
Senate
............... 286
Senate action on
conference reports
286
First concurrent
resolution,
adoption required
prior to
consideration of
legislation
providing new
budget, spending,
or credit
authority, or
changes in
revenues or public
debt limit:
Exceptions
............... 284
General
.................. 284
Waiver in Senate
......... 284
New budget and
spending authority
and revenue
legislation to be
within appropriate
levels:
Determination of
budget levels
........ 292
Extraneous matter in
reconciliation
....... 292
Points of order
.......... 292
Permissible revisions
of concurrent
resolutions:
General
.................. 285
Reconciliation:
Amendments limited
....... 289
Legislative procedure
289
Procedure in Senate
...... 289
Reconciliation
directives:
Compliance
with.........289
In concurrent
resolutions
.............289
Social Security Act,
limit on changes
289
Reports, summaries,
projections of
Congressional
budget actions:
Five-year projection
(by CBO)
............. 288
Legislation providing
new budget,
spending,
credit authority,
or increase/
decrease in
revenues or
expenditures
......... 288
Tabulations of (by
CBO)
................. 288
Timetable................281
Definitions..............................280
Referral of matters affecting the
budget process.......................286
Budget deficits, emergency powers to
eliminate:
Baseline.................................313
Enforcement:
Pay-as-you-go............313
Sequestration............307
Exceptions
[[Page 751]]
Flexibility among
defense programs
309
Modification of
presidential
orders...............308
Special reconciliation
process..............310
Suspension in the
event of war or
low growth...........307
Federal mandates. See also Unfunded Mandates
Reform...................................295-301
Clarification of application.............301
Duties of congressional committees.......297
Duties of the Director; statements on
bills and joint
resolutions..........................298
Effective date; definitions..............295
Exclusions...............................296
Legislation subject to points of order
283
Requests to the CBO from Senators........300
Extraneous provisions in
reconciliation bills.................292
Presidential special messages:
Deferrals................305
Rescissions..............304
Transmission and
publication..........305
Procedure in House and Senate............306
Referral of bills to
committees...........306
Floor consideration......306
Rescission of budget authority...........304
Budget to accompany expenditure authorization
resolutions.........................................26.9
Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act, procedures for
congressional review of sanctions....................421
Business:
Continued from session to session.................18
Executive or confidential......................29-32
Morning............................................7
Conclusion of..................7.2, 8, 19.1b
Order of...........................................8
Special orders.......................8.1, 10
Busts of former Vice Presidents, placing of..............121
Buzzers, legislative..................................150.12
``Byrd rule''............................................292
C
Cabinet officers (table)................................1971
Calendar, call of...................................7.2, 8.1
Calendar Monday..........................................7.2
Calendar of Bills and Resolutions:
Consideration of items on...................7.2, 8.1
Placing of items on.............................14.4
Calendar of Special Orders..............................10.1
California:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1813, 1814
Cameras, restriction on........................150.13-150.14
[[Page 752]]
Capitol Building (see also Architect of the Capitol):
Commission on Art of the United States Senate
127
Designation of Senator Daniel K. Inouye Room
125
Senate Chamber. See as main entry.
Senate wing:
Advertising devices prohibited in.....150.11
Assignment of space in.................25.1n
Busts of former Vice Presidents,
placing of...........................121
Cloakrooms, admission to...............150.8
Closed-captioning of Senate
proceedings...........................70
Galleries.......................33.2, 150.14
Marble Room............................150.7
Peddling and begging forbidden in.....150.11
Regulation of......................33.2, 150
Senate Chamber. See as main entry.
Sergeant at Arms to enforce
regulations relative to............150.3
Smoking policy..................33.1, 150.14
Stands, booths, or counters for
exhibitions or sale of any article
prohibited........................150.11
Works of art in.....................127-128, 130-131
Capitol Grounds
Sales and solicitations forbidden.............150.11
Caucus on International Narcotics Control,
Senate.......................................361
Certificates of election or appointment of a Senator
2.2, 2.3
Chair (see also Presiding Officer):
Appointment of Senator to perform duties of......1.3
Order in Chamber or galleries, enforcement of
19.6
Performance of duties of, by Secretary of the
Senate or
Assistant Secretary of the Senate............1.2
Ruling of, appeal from..........................19.4
Chairman:
Committee. See Committee(s): Chairman.
Subcommittee...................................25.4e
Chaplain of the Senate:
Daily prayer by............................4.1a, 4.2
Chief Clerk of the Senate. See Assistant Secretary of
the Senate.
Citizens' Commission on Public Service and
Compensation.....................................278-279
Civil Rights Act, application to Congress................104
Claims:
Sergeant at Arms may settle certain tort
claims.......................................112
Claims Court, U.S.:
Congressional reference case....................14.9
Classification of Senators..............................1804
Clay, Henry, desk in Senate chamber.......................69
Cleaves' Manual of the Law and Practice in Regard to
Conferences and Conference Reports...................200
Clerical employees. See Committee(s): Staff; Employees
of the
Senate.
Cloakrooms, admission to...............................150.8
Closed-captioning of Senate proceedings...................70
Closed-door sessions of Senate............................21
Closed sessions of committees..........................26.5b
[[Page 753]]
Cloture procedure.......................................22.2
Code of Official Conduct......................34-43, 115-117
Colorado:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)................................1815-1816
Commencement of daily sessions.............................4
Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Committee on.
See Committees, standing.
Commerce, Secretaries of (table)........................1981
Commerce and Labor, Secretaries of (table)..............1980
Commission on Art, Senate................................127
Commit, motion to.................................14.7, 22.1
Committee(s):
Amendments, not within jurisdiction of..........15.5
Appointment of....................................24
Appropriations:
On annual basis........................26.13
Authority.................................25.1, 26.1
Chairman:
Absence of..............................26.3
Appointment of............................24
Approval of vouchers....................26.1
Enforcement of order...................26.5d
Limitations on service as..............25.4e
Ranking majority member to serve in
absence of..........................26.3
Reporting approved measures promptly
26.10b
Resignation of..........................24.4
Subcommittee chairman..................25.4e
Chief Counsel for Employment Emeritus, Senate
93
Clerical staff. See Staff, infra.
Closed or open sessions........................26.5b
Conference committees. See Conferences.
Consultants:
For Appropriations Committee..............76
Discharge, motion to...........................17.4a
Expenditure authorizations.................26.9, 339
Budgets to accompany....................26.9
Specification of portion for:
Training of
professional staff
80
Hearings:
Announcement of........................26.4a
Authority for...........................26.1
Availability of printed copies..........17.5
Broadcasting of........................26.5c
Closed.................................26.5b
Executive decisions.....................17.5
Obstruction of proceedings.......26.5d, 1079
Open...................................26.5b
Order in...............................26.5d
Printing of.....................17.5, 26.10a
Procedure...............................26.4
Scheduling............26.3, 26.5, 26.6, 85.2
[[Page 754]]
Stenographic assistance for reporting
of..................................26.1
Testimony, staff to prepare summary of
26.4c
Witnesses.........................26.1, 26.4
Authority to summon.....26.1
Reimbursement of
expenses.............113
Selected by minority
26.4d
Statements, to file
advance............26.4b
Investigations, authority for...................26.1
Joint. See Committees, joint.
Jurisdictions of............................25-25.1p
Legislative review by...........................26.8
Report on...............................26.8
Meetings..........................................26
Closed and open sessions...............26.5b
Scheduling of.....................26.3, 26.5
Membership on..............................25.2-25.4
Limitations and exceptions with
respect to..........................25.4
Temporary increase in (leadership
agreement).........................25.4c
Open or closed sessions........................26.5b
Personnel. See Staff, infra.
Powers..........................................26.1
Continuance of..........................25.1
Printing for..................................26.10a
Procedure:
Hearings................................26.4
Meetings................................26.3
Rules of................................26.2
Professional staff. See Staff, infra.
Proxies, use of, in.............................26.7
Quorum.........................................26.7a
Ranking majority member to serve in absence of
chairman....................................26.3
Records................................26.5e, 26.10a
Availability to all Members of Senate
26.10a
Separate from chairman's office
records...........................26.10a
Reference of bills and resolutions to....14.3, 17.2,
17.3
Reportorial services............................26.1
Reports.....................................7.1, 7.2
Additional views in...................26.10c
Appropriations Committee reports to
identify with particularity items
not required to carry out
provisions of an existing law, etc
16.7
Availability of (``2-day rule'')........17.5
Conference committee..................28, 70
Cost estimates of proposed legislation
26.11a
Filing of.....................26.10b, 26.10c
Legislative review.....................26.8b
Minority views in.....................26.10c
On part-time employees....................97
On supplemental authorization
resolutions.........................26.9
Printing of................11.4-11.6, 26.10c
[[Page 755]]
Submission of............................7.1
Supplemental views in.................26.10c
To be made promptly...................26.10b
To lie over one day....................17.4a
To require favorable vote of a
majority present....................26.7
To show proposed changes in existing
law (Cordon rule)..................26.12
To specify votes on measures...........26.7b
Two-day rule............................17.5
Select. See Committees, select.
Sessions:
Broadcasting of........................26.5c
Open or closed.........................26.5b
Scheduling of.....................26.4, 26.6
Sitting while Senate is in session.............26.5a
Special. See Committees, special.
Staff.............................................27
Appropriations Committee...............75-76
Displaced by change of
committee
leadership...........100
Detailed from other Government
agencies............................27.4
Minority...........................27.1-27.3
Part-time employees, report on............97
Professional staff members:
Limitation on
appointment of......27.4
Standing. See Committees, standing.
Subcommittees...................................25.4
Assignment..............................85.1
Subpoena, power of..............................26.1
Suits by..........................................87
System:
Reorganization............................83
Review..................................85.3
Training for professional staff of................80
Voting:
Proxies.................................26.7
Record of...............................26.7
Witnesses. See Hearings, supra.
Committees, conference. See Conferences.
Committee, joint:
Membership on.............................25.3, 25.4
Committees, other:
Indian Affairs:
Members, number of.....................25.3c
Committees, select: Membership on.................25.3, 25.4
Committees, select:
Ethics:
Chairman and Vice Chairman, exemption
from
application of legislative
assistant clerk-hire allowance........79
[[Page 756]]
Financial disclosure, designated to
administer reporting requirements
of....................................78
Jurisdiction of.......................77, 78
Mandatory ethics training for members
and staff............................105
Membership of..........................25.3c
Professional staff, training of...........80
Intelligence...............................25.3b, 81
Committees, special:
Aging.............................................84
Members, number of.....................25.3b
Committees, standing:
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1a
Members, number of......................25.2
Appropriations:
Appropriations bills. See Bills and
resolutions.
Authority, additional.....................75
Consultants for...........................76
Excepted from certain committee
procedures........26.3, 26.4, 26.7-26.11
Jurisdiction of........................25.1b
Legislative review provisions (of 2
U.S.C. 190d) not
applicable to......................26.8a
Members, number of......................25.2
New spending authority.................25.1b
Procedure of..............................16
Rescission of appropriations......25.1b, 304
Reports to identify with particularity
items not required to carry out
provisions of existing law..........16.6
Sitting while Senate is in session.....26.5a
Staff.....................................75
Armed Services:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1c
Members, number of......................25.2
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1d
Members, number of......................25.2
Budget:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1e
Legislative review, exemption from.....26.8a
Members, number of......................25.2
Referral of legislation affecting
budget process.......................287
Rescissions and deferrals............304-305
Sitting while Senate is in session.....26.5a
Commerce, Science, and Transportation:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1f
Members, number of......................25.2
Energy and Natural Resources:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1g
Members, number of......................25.2
[[Page 757]]
Environment and Public Works:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1h
Members, number of......................25.2
Finance:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1i
Members, number of......................25.2
Foreign Relations:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1j
Members, number of......................25.2
Governmental Affairs:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1k
Members, number of......................25.2
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
Jurisdiction of........................25.1l
Members, number of......................25.2
Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs:
Jurisdiction of...........................82
See Governmental
Affairs.
Judiciary:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1m
Members, number of......................25.2
Rules and Administration:
Budgets to accompany expenditure-
authorization
resolutions........................26.9b
Busts of former Vice Presidents,
placing of...........................121
Commission on Art of the United States
Senate...............................127
Committee meetings schedule.............85.2
Committee personnel on detail from
other Government agencies...........27.4
Committee system, review................85.3
Employees detailed or assigned to
committees from other Government
agencies on a reimbursable basis
27.4
Expenditure-authorization resolutions
to be referred to..................26.9b
Galleries, regulation of................33.2
Gifts, acceptance on behalf of the
Senate................................86
Jurisdiction of........................25.1n
Members, number of.....................25.3a
Printing, matters relating to, to be
referred to...................11.4, 11.5
Reportorial services to committees......26.1
Senate computer center facilities,
regulation of.......................40.5
Senate Office Buildings:
Assignment of space in
25.1n
Commemoration and
designation of, as
Russell,
Dirksen, and Hart
Senate Office
Buildings.......123, 124
General policies in
respect to
Senate Recording Studio.................40.6
Senate Restaurants:
Jurisdiction over.....25.1n,
33.2
Senate wing of the Capitol, regulation
of.............................33.2, 150
Senate youth program.....................106
[[Page 758]]
Service pins or emblems..................122
Small Business:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1o
Members, number of.....................25.3a
Veterans' Affairs:
Jurisdiction of........................25.1p
Members, number of.....................25.3a
Communications from:
Heads of departments.............................7.1
House of Representatives....................7.1, 9.1
President of United States..................7.1, 9.1
State legislatures and conventions...............7.5
Compacts of free association,
congressional review of
Micronesia, Marshall Islands,
Palau............................411-412
Compensation (see also Reimbursement):
Citizens' Commission on Public Service and
Compensation.............................278-279
Committee employees
Displaced by change of committee
leadership...........................100
Employees of a Senator
As affected by:
Death of a Senator........99
Resignation of a
Senator...............99
Termination of service
of an appointed
Senator..............101
Leave without pay while serving in uniformed
services.....................................102
Reimbursement. See as main entry.
Retirement benefits of Senators and Senate
employees. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8331-
8348. (Not included in Senate Manual.)
Concurrent resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
Conferences:
Cleaves' Manual..................................200
Reports of....................................28, 71
Explanatory statement to accompany......28.4
Confidential proceedings to be kept in separate book
4.1d
Conflicts of interest.....................................37
Congress:
Adjournment of....................................60
Electoral votes, counting of.................318-323
Congressional Accountability. See also Government
Employee Rights
316-317
Congressional Record:
Printing of:
Memorials and petitions, summary of......7.5
Nominations............................31.7b
Rules of procedure of committees........26.2
Congressional Review Act.............................324-328
Connecticut:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution................1990
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1817, 1818
[[Page 759]]
Consideration of reported measures, availability of
reports and hearings for............................17.5
Constitution of the United States.......................1710
Amendments to...................................1720
Ratification of
Table...................................1990
Contingent fund of the Senate:
Inquiries and investigations....................26.1
Payments from.............................25.1n, 108
Contributions:
Charitable, of outside earned income......35.3, 35.4
Legal investigations, for costs of certain.......115
``Cordon rule'' (reports to show proposed changes in
existing law)......................................26.12
Correspondents, Standing Committee on.................150.15
Crude oil transportation systems. congressional review
of certain Presidential waivers......................410
Credentials, presentation of...............................2
Cuba, congressional review of termination of economic
embargo on...........................................375
Curator Emeritus, Senate..................................95
D
Daily sessions, commencement of............................4
Davis, Jefferson, desk in Senate chamber..................68
Debate:
Cloture motion, limitation of debate............22.2
Disparaging reference to another Senator
prohibited..................................19.2
Germaneness of.................................19.1b
Offensive reference to a State prohibited.......19.3
On conference reports.............................28
Procedure in......................................19
Debt Collection..........................................111
Deceased:
Senator:
Clerical assistants of....................99
Memorial tribute to......................134
Declaration of Independence.............................1700
Defense articles and related training, Senate review
of...................................................364
Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission,
congressional review
Defense, Secretaries of (table).........................1973
Delaware:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1819, 1820
Deputy President pro tempore of Senate:
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of..............................100
Establishment of Office of........................90
Table of........................................1801
Diplomatic Gallery....................................150.14
[[Page 760]]
Dirksen Senate Office Building...........................123
Disabled, equal opportunities............................104
Discharge a committee, motion to.......................17.4a
Disclosure of:
Confidential business...........................29.5
Financial interests by senatorial candidates
and by members, officers, and employees of
the Senate....................................34
Disorderly conduct in Capitol buildings or grounds.....19.6,
26.5d
Display materials in Senate Chamber...................150.10
District of Columbia: Disapproval of District laws and
charter amendments...............................426-430
District of Columbia: Historical data...................1992
Division of a question..................................15.3
E
Education of pages and other minor employees..............98
Education, Secretary of (table).........................1987
Elections:
Certificates of........................2.2, 2.3, 293
Federal Election Commission, congressional
review of regulations..............377, 378, 425
Electoral votes, counting of, by Congress............318-323
Electoral votes for President and Vice President
(tables).......................................1907-1960
Emergency powers to eliminate budget deficits........307-309
Employees of the Senate (see also Officers of the
Senate, or title of specific officer):
Authority of officers of the Senate over those
they
supervise..................................37.11
Charitable contributions..................35.3, 35.4
Committee employees. See Committees: Staff.
Compensation. See Compensation.
Conflict of interest..............................37
Detailed or assigned from other agencies........27.4
Disclosure of financial interests.................34
Employees of a Senator:
Compensation of...................97, 99-102
Employees of a Senator-elect:
Ethics training, mandatory...............105
Equal opportunities..........................42, 104
Floor privilege........................23, 63, 150.6
Floor, permission for Senator to bring young
son or daughter onto during votes.............63
Foreign travel.........................35.2, 39, 108
Gifts.........................................35, 86
Legal investigations, contributions for costs
of certain...................................115
Loyalty, security, etc...........................103
Officers. See Officers of the Senate, or title
of specific officer.
Pages. See Pages, Senate.
Per diem and subsistence expenses...............39.3
Political fund activity by........................41
Post-employment lobbying........................37.9
[[Page 761]]
Retirement benefits. See 5 U.S.C.
Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not included in
Senate Manual)
Rights and protections. See Government
Employee Rights. See also Congressional
Accountability.
Senior citizen interns...........................107
Service pins or emblems..........................122
Standards of conduct for..................34-43, 117
Employment, equal opportunities......................42, 104
Energy and Natural Resources, Committee on. See
Committees, standing.
Energy conservation, congressional review of certain
executive authorities............................394-397
Energy, Secretary of (table)............................1986
Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions...............14.5
Signing of same..................................1.3
Environment and Public Works, Committee on. See
Committees, standing.
Ethics (Standing Rules 34-43)..........................34-43
Ethics, Select Committee on. See Committees, select.
Eulogies.................................................134
Everett McKinley Dirksen Senate Office Building..........123
Executive:
Business, motion to proceed to..................22.1
Proceedings to be kept in separate book.........4.1d
Sessions of Senate................................29
Executive agreements on access to data by foreign
governments, congressional review....................343
Executive Journal, printing of...........................133
Executive reorganization, congressional review.......329-335
Expenditure authorizations for committees...............26.9
Expense allowance. See Compensation.
Expenses, official, of Senators
Reimbursement:
Documentation required...........................109
Restriction on certain...........................110
F
Federal Election Commission. See Elections.
Federal employees' group life insurance. See 5 U.S.C.
Sec. Sec. 8701-8716 (not included in Senate
Manual).
Federal employees' health benefits program. See 5
U.S.C.
Sec. Sec. 8901-8913 (not included in Senate
Manual).
Federal Land Policy and Management Act,
congressional review procedures..........406-409
Federal mandates. See Budget process, Congressional.
Filing of committee reports...........................26.10b
Finance, Committee on. See Committees, standing.
Financial disclosure:
Contents of reports.......................34.3, 34.4
Spouses and dependent children..................34.3
Trusts..........................................34.4
[[Page 762]]
Fishery agreements, international, congressional
review...............................................339
Flag, official Senate....................................119
Floor:
Obtaining (recognition)........................19.1a
Privilege of..................................23, 63
Florida:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1821, 1822
Flowers in Senate Chamber.................................65
Foreign assistance to drug-producing countries, Senate
consideration of legislation to certify..............362
Foreign officials, reception of..........................128
Foreign Relations, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Foreign travel......................................35.2, 39
Formation of:
District of Columbia (table)....................1992
Insular possessions (table).....................1993
States other than the Thirteen Original States
(table).....................................1991
Franking privilege (see also Postage allowance for
Senators):
Mass mailings..............................40.1-40.5
Reports................................40.3a
Fund-raising for candidates for Senate..................41.1
Funds, committee. See Committees: Expenditure
authorizations.
G
Galleries:
Diplomatic Gallery............................150.14
Hats prohibited...............................150.14
News media, regulation of.......................33.2
Occupants of, no Senator shall call attention
to any......................................19.7
Order in, enforcement of........................19.6
Periodical Press Gallery......................150.14
Presidential Gallery..........................150.14
Press Gallery.................................150.14
Press Photographers' Gallery..................150.14
Radio-Television Correspondents' Gallery......150.14
Regulation of...........................33.2, 150.14
Senate Gallery................................150.14
Special Gallery...............................150.14
Visitors' Galleries...........................150.14
Georgia:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1823, 1824
Germaneness:
Conference reports..............................28.3
Of debate......................................19.1b
During cloture proceedings..............22.2
Gifts to Senators, officers, and employees................35
Reporting on......................................35
Acceptance of pro bono legal services............116
Gifts to the Senate.......................................86
[[Page 763]]
Government Publishing Office. See appropriate item
under Printing and binding.
Governmental Affairs, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Group life insurance, Federal employees'. See 5 U.S.C.
Sec. Sec. 8701-8716 (not included in Senate
Manual).
Guam (historical data)..................................1993
H
Hart Senate Office Building..............................124
Hats prohibited in Galleries..........................150.14
Hawaii:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)................................1825-1826
Heads of departments, communications from................7.1
Health and Human Services, Secretaries of (table).......1983
Health benefits program, Federal employees'. See 5
U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8901-8913 (not included in Senate
Manual).
Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Committee on.
See
Committees, standing.
Hearings, committee. See Committee(s): Hearings.
Historian Emeritus, Senate................................94
Holds, notice of objecting to proceeding
Hong Kong Autonomy Act, congressional review of
sanctions............................................374
Honoraria................................................306
Charitable contribution in lieu of..............35.4
House of Representatives:
Bills from.......................................7.3
Concurrence of, required for printing
additional copies costing in excess of sum
established by law..........................11.5
Messages from...............................7.1, 9.1
Messages to......................................9.2
Motion to request return of item from...........13.2
Housing and Urban Development, Secretaries of (table)
1984
Human rights, Senate request for information from
State Department.....................................363
I
Idaho:
Identification standards, minimum standards
for airline passengers, congressional
review.......................................413
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1827, 1828
Illinois:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1829, 1830
Impeachment:
Proceedings to be kept in separate book.........4.1d
Trials, rules for............................170-195
Immigration, limitation on Senate
consideration of legislation providing
temporary protected status...................336
Impoundment control..................................302-306
[[Page 764]]
Indian Affairs, Committee on. See Committees, other.
Indiana:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1831, 1832
Injunction of secrecy on international agreements.....29, 30
Inquiries and investigations (see also Committee(s):
Expenditure authorizations; Hearings):
Authority for...................26.1, 77, 81, 84, 85
Hearings...........................26.4, 26.5, 26.10
Investigations:
Expenses of, payment of...........26.1, 26.9
Resolutions for.........................26.9
Jurisdiction of committees........................25
Witnesses. See under Committee(s): Hearings.
Insular possessions of the United States (table)........1993
Intelligence, Select Committee on. See Committees,
select.
International Emergency Economic Powers, congressional
review...........................................421-423
Interior, Secretaries of (table)........................1978
Intern, senior citizen...................................107
International Security Assistance and Arms Export
Control Act of 1976 (ISAAECA) , expedited
procedures for Senate disapproval....................431
Investigations. See Inquiries and investigations.
Iowa:
Historical data.................................1991
Iran, nuclear agreement with, congressional
review.......................................381
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1833, 1834
J
Joint resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
Journal of the Senate. See Senate Journal.
Judiciary, Committee on the. See Committees, standing.
Jurisdiction of committees............25, 75, 77, 81, 84, 85
Justices of the Supreme Court (table)...................1970
K
Kansas:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1835, 1836
Kentucky:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1837, 1838
L
Labor, Secretaries of (table)...........................1982
Land use policy, congressional review of plans, sales,
withdrawals......................................406-409
Lay on table, motion to.................................22.1
Leadership. See Majority Leader and Minority Leader.
``Leaks'' of confidential business prohibited...........29.5
[[Page 765]]
Legal Counsel:
Enforcement of Senate subpoena or
order............................276-277
Civil actions,
institution of...276-277
Committee or
subcommittee, in
name of
.......... 276-277
Legal investigations, contributions for costs of
certain..............................................115
Legal services, acceptance of pro bono...................116
Legislative call system (buzzers, signal lights)......150.12
Legislative proceedings to be kept in separate book.....4.1d
Legislative review by standing committees...............26.8
Limited tariff benefits, Senate consideration of
legislation providing................................344
Lobbying:
Former Senators and employees................37.8-11
Louisiana:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1839, 1840
Loyalty of employees to Government.......................103
M
Mailing. See Franking privilege; Senators: allowances:
Postage.
Maine:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1841, 1842
Majority Leader:
Committee system, review of.....................85.3
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of...............................99
Majority Whip:
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of...............................99
Marble room............................................150.7
Marshall Islands, compact of free association,
congressional review.................................411
Maryland:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1843, 1844
Mass mailing. See Franking privilege.
Massachusetts:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1845, 1846
Mechanical equipment, use of, in Senate Chamber.......150.13
Medicare funding warning, Senate consideration of
legislation responding to........................381-382
Meetings, committee................................26.1-26.7
Membership of committees...........................25.2-25.4
Members of the Senate. See Senators.
Memorials. See Petitions and memorials.
Messages from:
House of Representatives....................7.1, 9.1
President of the United States..............7.1, 9.1
[[Page 766]]
Messages to:
House of Representatives.........................9.2
President of the United States...................9.2
Messengers acting as assistant doorkeepers...............154
Michigan:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1847, 1848
Micronesia, compact of free association, congressional
review...............................................411
Minnesota:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1849, 1850
Minority:
Staffs of committees.......................27.1-27.3
Witnesses before committees selected by........26.4d
Minority Leader:
Committee system, review of.....................85.3
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of...............................99
Minority views in committee reports...................26.10c
Minority Whip:
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of...............................99
Mississippi:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1851, 1852
Missouri:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1853, 1854
Montana:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1855, 1856
Morning business...........................................7
Morning hour:
Conclusion of..........................7.2, 8, 19.1b
Motions:
Precedence of.............................15.3, 22.1
To be in writing................................15.1
Withdrawal or modification of, by mover.........15.2
Motions to:
Adjourn.................................6.4, 9, 22.1
Amend...........................................22.1
Amend or correct journal........................4.1a
Amend the part to be stricken...................15.3
Change order of special orders..................10.2
Cloture.........................................22.2
Commit a bill or resolution...............14.7, 22.1
Compel the presence of absent Senators...........6.4
Continue the consideration of a subject..........7.2
Discharge a committee..........................17.4a
Extend post-cloture debate......................22.2
Lay before Senate bills or other matters from
the President or the House...................7.3
[[Page 767]]
Lay on table....................................22.1
Postpone........................................22.1
Print (documents, reports, etc.)..........11.4, 11.5
Proceed to executive business...................22.1
Proceed to the consideration of:
Any change in Standing Rules.............8.2
Executive business......................22.1
Other business..........................10.2
Subject........................7.2, 8.1, 8.2
Recess..........................................22.1
Reconsider........................................13
Reconsider a nomination....................31.3-31.5
Reduced to writing...........................15.1a-b
Request return of item from House...............13.2
Strike out......................................15.3
Strike out and insert...........................15.3
N
National Emergencies Act, procedures for congressional
review...........................................419-420
National Security Working Group, Senate...................88
Navy, Secretaries of (table)............................1977
Nebraska:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1857, 1858
Nevada:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1859, 1860
New Hampshire:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1861, 1862
New Jersey:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1863, 1864
New Mexico:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1865, 1866
News media galleries, regulation of.....................33.2
New York:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1867, 1868
Nominations:
Injunction of secrecy on........................31.2
Proceedings on....................................31
Privileged nominations, consideration of..........74
North Carolina:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
[[Page 768]]
Senators from, since the formation of the
Union (table).........................1869, 1870
North Dakota:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1871, 1872
Nuclear cooperation agreements with other nations,
congressional review.............................385-391
Nuclear Agreement with Iran, congressional review........392
Nuclear accident compensation plans, congressional
review...............................................393
Nuclear waste policy, procedures and congressional
review of repository.............................399-404
O
Oaths:
Senators...........................................3
Objection to proceeding, holds...........................275
Objection to reading a paper............................11.3
Office expenses:
Contributions used for..........................38.2
Office of Senate Counsel. See Legal Counsel.
Office of Senate Security................................136
Officers of the Senate: (see also title of specific
officer):
Authority over employees of the Senate.........37.11
Conflict of interest..............................37
Disclosure of financial interests.................34
Legal investigations, contributions for costs
of certain...................................115
Outside business or professional activity or
employment....................................36
Political-fund activity by........................41
Service pins or emblems..........................122
Standards of conduct for..................34-43, 117
Official expenses of Senators
Reimbursement:
Documentation required...................109
Restriction on certain...........................110
Ohio:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1873, 1874
Oklahoma:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1875, 1876
Open sessions of committees............................26.5b
Order:
In committee meetings........................26.5(d)
In the Chamber or galleries.....................19.6
Of business........................................8
Special orders.......................8.1, 10
Questions of......................................20
Ordinance of 1787.......................................1702
Oregon:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1877, 1878
[[Page 769]]
Outside business or professional activity or
employment by officers or employees of the Senate
36, 37
Outer Continental Shelf, leases, easements, and
rights-of-way, congressional review..................405
Charitable contributions..........................35
P
Palau, compact of free association, congressional
review...............................................412
Pages, Senate:
Classification....................................98
Education of......................................98
Withholding from salary for expenses..............98
Papers:
Objection to reading (a)........................11.3
Printing of...............................11.4, 11.5
Withdrawal of...................................11.1
Parliamentarian Emeritus of the Senate....................92
Pay. See Compensation.
Peddling forbidden in Senate wing of Capitol..........150.11
Pennsylvania:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1879, 1880
Pension bills....................................14.9, 14.10
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, revised payment
schedules, congressional review..................379-380
Periodical Correspondents' Association................150.15
Periodical Press Gallery..............................150.15
Personnel, Senate. See Employees of the Senate.
Petitions and memorials:
Presentation of....................................7
Reference of.....................................7.4
Summary of, to be printed in Congressional
Record.......................................7.5
Petroleum products, Congressional disapproval of
Presidential adjustment of imports of................345
Petroleum, contracts for purchase of foreign,
congressional consideration of implementing
legislation..........................................394
Philip A. Hart Senate Office Building....................124
Photographic Studio, Senate. See Senate Recording
Studio and Photographic Studio.
Photographs, taking of, prohibited in Senate Chamber
150.14
Points of order:
Conference report.........................28.2, 28.3
During cloture proceedings......................22.2
In the budget process..................291, 292, 306
Measure reported from a committee...............26.7
On appropriation bill amendments..................16
Restriction on the expenditure of funds
appropriated................................16.6
Political fund activity by officers and employees of
Senate................................................41
Political fund activity, management by floor leaders
91
Population of (tables):
District of Columbia............................1992
[[Page 770]]
Insular possessions of the United States........1993
States other than the Thirteen Original States
1991
Thirteen Original States........................1990
Post-employment lobbying..........................37.8, 37.9
Postmasters General (table).............................1976
Postpone, motion to.....................................22.1
Powers, committee.................................25.1, 26.1
Prayer, daily, by Chaplain...............................4.2
Preambles to bills and resolutions......................14.8
Precedence of motions.............................15.3, 22.1
Presentation of credentials................................2
Presidential Gallery..................................150.14
President(s) of the United States:
Bills or other matters from......................7.3
Electoral votes for (table)................1907-1960
Former Presidents entitled to address the
Senate......................................19.8
Meeting with Senate on executive business.......29.1
Messages to Congress.............................7.1
Confidential communications.............29.3
To be furnished with transcript of executive
records of
Senate........................................32
President(s) pro tempore (see also President of the
Senate;
Presiding Officer; Vice President).....................1
Election of......................................1.1
Employees affected by death or resignation of,
compensation of...............................99
Permanent acting (table)........................1802
Seal of..........................................118
Table of, since the First Congress..............1800
Presiding Officer (see also President of the Senate;
President(s) pro tempore; Vice President):
Calling a Senator to order......................19.4
Chair:
Appointment of Senator to perform
duties of..............................1
Order in Chamber or galleries,
enforcement of......................19.6
Performance of duties of, by:
Assistant Secretary of
the Senate...........1.2
Secretary of the
Senate...............1.2
Ruling of, appeal from..................19.4
Directing a Senator to take his seat............19.4
May at any time lay before the Senate bills or
other matters from the President or the
House........................................7.1
Questions of order may be decided by, or
submitted by him for decision by Senate.......20
Recognition of a Senator who desires to speak
19.1a
Rules for regulation of Senate wing,
enforcement of..............................33.2
To decide questions of committee jurisdiction
17.1
To keep time during cloture debate..............22.2
Vice President (see also as main entry):
Absence of..........................1.1, 1.2
Press Gallery.........................................150.15
[[Page 771]]
Press Photographers' Gallery..........................150.15
Printing and binding (see also Committees, joint:
Printing):
Bills and resolutions...........................11.6
Committee reports.............................26.10c
Conference reports..............................28.4
Congressional Record. See as main entry.
Eulogies.........................................134
Executive Journal................................133
Hearings, committee...........................26.10a
Printing of...........................26.10a
Memorial addresses...............................134
Motions to print..........................11.4, 11.5
Papers, etc.......................................29
Private bills....................................14.9, 14.10
Banned.........................................14.10
Private claims...................................14.10, 16.5
Privilege of the floor....................................23
Privileged nominations, consideration of..................74
Pro bono legal services, acceptance of...................116
Procedure, committee......................................26
Professional staffs of committees. See Committee(s):
Staff.
Proxies, use of, in committee...........................26.7
Public office, appointive:
Nomination proceedings............................31
Puerto Rico, commonwealth of (historical data)..........1993
Q
Question:
Division of a...................................15.3
Of absence of a quorum...........................6.3
Of order..........................................20
Quorum:
Absence of, question of..........................6.3
For cloture vote................................22.2
For unanimous consent to take a final vote on
a specified date............................12.4
Of a committee.................................26.7a
Of the Senate....................................6.1
Sergeant at Arms to obtain attendance of
absent Senators..............................6.4
R
Radio and television broadcasting:
Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
Senate Chamber proceedings........................70
Radio-Television Correspondents' Gallery..............150.15
Ranking majority member of committee to serve in
absence of chairman.................................26.3
Ratification of:
Constitution of the United States...............1719
Table...................................1990
Treaties..........................................30
[[Page 772]]
Reading of:
Bills and joint resolutions.....................14.2
Journal.....................................4.1, 9.1
Paper (a), objection to.........................11.3
Washington's Farewell Address.....................66
Recess, motion to.......................................22.1
Reconciliation. See Budget process, Congressional.
Reconsideration...........................................13
Of nominations.............................31.3-31.5
Record, Congressional. See Congressional Record.
Recording Studio and Photographic Studio, Senate........40.6
Restrictions on use.............................40.6
Record of committee:
Action.........................................26.5e
Votes..........................................26.7b
Records, committee.......................11.2, 26.5e, 26.10a
Records of Congress:
Preservation of............................11.2, 131
Public access to.................................131
Reference:
To committees.............................14.3, 17.1
Reimbursement (see also Compensation):
Documentation required...........................109
Witnesses........................................113
Reorganization of the executive branch, congressional
review...........................................329-335
Reportorial services to committees, payment for.........26.1
Reports:
Committee. See Committee(s): Reports.
Conference committees........................28, 200
Ethics, Select Committee on, designated to
administer financial disclosure reporting
requirements..................................78
Financial disclosure..............................34
Members, officers and employees of the Senate:
Contributions.............................35
Financial interests...................34, 78
Gifts.....................................35
Outside business or professional
activity..............................36
Senatorial candidates on contributions............34
To accompany supplemental authorization
resolutions.................................26.9
Representation (of constituents) by Members...............43
Representatives, apportionments of (table)..............1994
Rescissions and deferrals. See Budget process.
Resignation of a Senator, compensation and direction
of employees as affected by...........................99
Resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
Retirement benefits of Senators and employees of the
Senate. See 5 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not
included in Senate Manual).
Rhode Island:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1881, 1882
Richard Brevard Russell Senate Office Building...........123
[[Page 773]]
Rollcalls................................................6.3
Rules, amendment and suspension of.........................5
Rules, standing, of the Senate. See Standing Rules of
the Senate.
Rules and Administration, Committee on. See
Committees,
standing.
Rules for Regulation of the Senate Wing of the United
States
Capitol and Senate Office Buildings..................150
Rules of Procedure and Practice in the Senate When
Sitting on
Impeachment Trials...................................170
Rules of procedure for committees.......................26.2
Russell Senate Office Building...........................123
Russian Federation, congressional review of waiver of
sanctions on.........................................376
S
Salaries. See Compensation.
Sanctions, congressional review of, Hong Kong, Russian
Federation, Burma..........................374, 376, 421
Scheduling of committee meetings..................26.3, 26.6
Seal of the:
President pro tempore............................120
Senate...........................................118
Secrecy, injunction of................30.1, 31.2, 36.2, 38.2
Secretaries of (tables):
Agriculture.....................................1979
Commerce........................................1981
Commerce and Labor..............................1980
Defense.........................................1973
Education.......................................1987
Energy..........................................1986
Health and Human Services.......................1983
Housing and Urban Development...................1984
Interior........................................1978
Labor...........................................1982
Navy............................................1977
State...........................................1971
Transportation..................................1985
Treasury........................................1972
Veterans Affairs................................1988
War.............................................1974
Secretary of the Conference of the Majority:
Compensation of
employees affected by death or resignation of.........99
Secretary of the Conference of the Minority:
Compensation of
employees affected by death or resignation of.........99
Secretary of State: Diplomatic gallery, admission
cards to..........................................150.14
Secretary of the Senate. See also Officers of the
Senate:
Assistant Secretary of the Senate
Performance of duties of Chair by........1.2
Certificates of election and appointment....2.2, 2.3
Communications, official, function with
respect to...................................7.6
Duties of the Chair, performance of, by..........1.2
Education of pages and other minor employees
98
[[Page 774]]
Employees of a Senator, direction of, in event
of:
Death or resignation of a Senator.........99
Termination of service of appointed
Senator..............................101
Enrollment of bills and joint resolutions and
presentation of same to President of
United States...............................14.5
Financial disclosure by senatorial candidates
and officers and employees of Senate..........34
Franking privilege..............................40.3
Messages to the President and to the House to
be certified and delivered by................9.2
Nominations, function in respect to........30.4-30.7
Pages, education of...............................98
Reports by committees on part-time employees
97
Seal of the Senate, custody of...................118
Senate Journal. See as main entry.
Service pins or emblems..........................122
Withdrawal of papers............................11.1
Security Director Emeritus, Senate................96
Select committees, See Committees, select.
Senate:
Senate Caucus on International Narcotics
Control......................................361
Officers of. See Officers of the Senate, or
title of specific officer.
Seal of..........................................118
Senate Chamber:
Broadcast of proceedings..........................70
Cloakrooms, admission to.......................150.8
Daniel Webster desk...............................67
Display materials in..........................150.10
Flowers in........................................65
For Senate use only.............................33.1
Galleries, regulation of............19.6, 19.7, 33.2
Henry Clay desk...................................69
Jefferson Davis desk..............................68
Mechanical equipment in.......................150.13
Order in, enforcement of........................19.6
Permission for Senator to bring young son or
daughter onto during votes....................63
Smoking not permitted in........................33.1
Taking of pictures, prohibited................150.14
Use of..........................................33.1
Senate Code of Official Conduct...................34-43, 117
Senate flag..............................................119
Senate floor, persons admitted on.....................23, 63
Senate Gallery........................................150.14
Senate Journal:
Contents of.....................................4.1c
Legislative, executive, confidential, and
impeachment
proceedings to be recorded in separate
books.......................................4.1d
Reading of............................4.1, 9.1, 28.1
Senate Legal Counsel. See Legal Counsel.
Senate Office Buildings:
[[Page 775]]
Assignment of space in.........................25.1n
Designated as Hart Senate Office Building........124
Designated as Russell and Dirksen Office
Buildings....................................123
Regulation of...................................33.2
Senate pages. See Pages, Senate.
Senate Recording and Photographic Studios...............40.6
Senate Restaurants
Control and direction of........................33.2
Senate seal..............................................118
Senate Security, Office of...............................135
Senate Wing of the Capitol. See Capitol Building.
Senate youth program.....................................106
Senators:
Absence of.........................................6
Appointment of...................................2.2
Code of official conduct. See Rules 34-43.
Compensation of. See Compensation.
Contracts by. See Contracts.
Deceased:
Compensation of employees.................99
Directed to take his seat.......................19.4
Disclosure of financial interests.................34
Disparaging reference by one, to another........19.2
Ethics training, mandatory.......................105
Financial disclosure..............................34
Flags, Senate, purchase of.......................119
Foreign travel...............................39, 108
Franking privilege.........................40.1-40.5
Gifts.............................................35
Honoraria, prohibited.............................36
Legal investigations, contributions for costs
of certain...................................115
Memorial tributes to.............................134
Oaths of...........................................3
Offensive reference by, to a State..............19.3
Official expenses, payment of
Documentation required for
reimbursement........................109
Restriction on certain...................110
Outside business or professional activity or
employment
of............................................36
Post-employment lobbying........................37.8
Pro bono legal services, acceptance of...........116
Recording studios, restrictions on use of.......40.6
Retirement benefits. See 5 U.S.C.
Sec. Sec. 8331-8348 (not included in
Senate Manual).
Service pins or emblems..........................122
Staffs:
Anti-harassment training.................105
Standards of conduct, policy on...........34-43, 117
Subcommitee assignment....................25.4, 85.1
Unofficial office accounts prohibited.............38
[[Page 776]]
Senators-elect:
Presentation of credentials of...................2.1
Senators since the First Congress (table)
Special index to above..........................1905
Senior citizen internship program........................107
Sergeant at Arms. See also Officers of the Senate:
Doorkeeper of the Senate: Assistant
doorkeepers, messengers acting as..........150.4
Quorum, function in obtaining....................6.4
Senate Office Buildings, enforcement of
regulations..................................150
Senate pages. See Pages, Senate.
Senate wing of the Capitol, enforcement of
regulations..................................150
Special deputies..................................89
Tort claims, settlement of.......................112
Service pins or emblems..................................122
Sessions:
Committee: Scheduling of..................26.3, 26.6
Executive.........................................29
On nominations............................31
On treaties...............................30
President of United States furnished
with records of.......................32
With closed doors.................................21
Signal lights, legislative............................150.12
Simple resolutions. See Bills and resolutions.
Small Business, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Smoking restrictions............................33.1, 150.14
South Carolina:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1883, 1884
South Dakota:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1885, 1886
Space launch, claims exceeding liability insurance,
congressional oversight..............................424
Special committees. See Committees, special.
Special Gallery.......................................150.14
Special orders............................................10
Spending..................................................44
Staffs of: (See also Employees of the Senate.)
Committees....................................27, 79
Standards and conduct for Members, officers, and
employees of Senate...........................34-43, 117
Standing Committee of Correspondents..................150.15
Standing Committee of Press Photographers.............150.15
Standing Committees of the Senate. See Committees,
standing.
Standing orders not embraced in the rules.............60-135
Standing Rules of the Senate:
Amendment or suspension of.......................5.1
Continuance in effect from Congress to
Congress.....................................5.2
Motion to proceed to consideration of any
change in....................................8.2
Suspension of......................................5
[[Page 777]]
State Department, Senate requests to for information
on human rights practices............................363
State, offensive reference by a Senator to a............19.3
State, Secretaries of (table)...........................1971
Statements of witnesses before committees, staff to
prepare digests of.................................26.4b
States:
Admitted to the Union since the adoption of
the Constitution (table)....................1991
Ratification of the Constitution by.............1719
(table).................................1990
Thirteen Original (table).......................1990
Stenographic assistance for reporting of committee
hearings............................................26.1
Subcommittees...........................................25.4
Subpoena power of committees (standing).................26.1
Aging (Special)...................................84
Ethics (Select)...................................77
Indian Affairs (Other)............................85
Intelligence (Select).............................81
Enforcement of Senate subpoena or order..............276-277
Suits, filing of, by committees...........................87
Summary of testimony before committees, staff to
prepare............................................26.4c
Supplemental expenditure authorizations for committees
26.9
Supplemental views in committee reports...............26.10c
Supreme Court Justices (table)..........................1970
Surveillance by committees of execution of laws by
agencies...........................................26.8a
Suspension of the rules....................................5
T
Tariff, Senate consideration of legislation providing
limited tariff benefits..............................344
Tape copies of floor broadcast, use of....................70
Tariff treatment of products of uncooperative drug
producing countries..................................353
Television broadcasting:
Committee hearings and meetings................26.5c
Senate chamber proceedings........................70
Temporary protected status, limitation on Senate
consideration of immigration legislation providing
336
Tennessee:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1887, 1888
Texas:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1889, 1890
Tort claims, settlement of...............................112
Trade agreements, Congressional procedures with
respect to Presidential actions on...............357-359
Bipartisan Trade Promotion Authority.........357-359
Training for professional staffs of committees............80
Transit programs, Senate participation...................114
Transportation, Secretaries of (table)..................1985
[[Page 778]]
Travel expenses:
Employees of Senate..............................108
Foreign travel.........................35.3, 39, 108
Senators and staffs.................35, 39, 108, 114
Witnesses........................................113
Treasury, Secretaries of (table)........................1972
Treaties:
Injunction of secrecy on..................29.3, 30.1
Proceedings on....................................30
Trials, impeachment......................................170
Trust funds.............................................34.4
Two-day rule............................................17.5
U
Unanimous consent:
To change or withdraw a Senator's vote..........12.1
To proceed to the consideration of a subject
7.2, 8.2
To reconsider a question........................13.1
To suspend a rule..................................5
To suspend reading of Journal....................4.1
To take a final vote on a specific date.........12.4
Unfinished business..............................10.1, 19.1b
Unfunded mandates. See Budget process, Congressional
United Nations, congressional review of reimbursement
for goods and services provided to...................360
Unofficial office accounts prohibited.....................38
Utah:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1891, 1892
V
Ventilating Senate wing..................................150
Vermont:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1893, 1894
Veterans' Affairs, Committee on. See Committees,
standing.
Veterans' Affairs, Senate review of certain waivers of
law proposed by......................................372
Veterans' Affairs asset and infrastructure review,
congressional disapproval procedure..................383
Veterans' Affairs, Secretaries of (table)...............1988
Vice President: (see also President of the Senate;
President(s) pro tempore; Presiding Officer):
Absence of..................................1.1, 1.2
Busts of former..................................121
Electoral votes for (table)................1906-1960
Virginia:
Historical data.................................1990
Ratification of the Constitution..........1719, 1990
Senators from, since formation of the Union
(table)...............................1895, 1896
Virgin Islands (historical data)........................1993
[[Page 779]]
Visitors' Galleries...................................150.14
Votes, electoral, for President and Vice President
(table)........................................1906-1960
Voting....................................................12
Changing or withdrawing a Senator's vote........12.1
Committee.......................................26.7
By proxy................................26.7
Reconsideration...................................13
Senator declining to vote.......................12.2
Unanimous consent to take a final vote on a
specific date...............................12.4
Yeas and nays...................................12.1
From Senator's assigned desk..............62
W
War, Secretaries of (table).............................1974
War Powers Resolution, procedures for congressional
authorization and oversight......................414-418
Washington, State of:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1897, 1898
Washington's Farewell Address, reading of.................66
Webster, Daniel, desk in Senate chamber...................67
West Virginia:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1899, 1900
Whips. See Majority Whip; Minority Whip.
Wisconsin:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1901, 1902
Withdrawal of papers....................................11.2
Witnesses. See also Committee(s): Hearings.
World Trade Organization (WTO), congressional review
of United States participation.......................356
Wyoming:
Historical data.................................1991
Senators from, since admission to the Union
(table)...............................1903, 1904
Y
Yeas and nays.......................................12.1, 62
Youth program, Senate....................................106