[Senate Document 109-5]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]





109th Congress, 1st Session                                Document No. 5


                       Committee on Appropriations


                          UNITED STATES SENATE


                            138th Anniversary

                      -------------------------------

                                1867-2005



                     U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                            WASHINGTON : 2005
  

  ``No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of 
Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the 
Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from 
time to time.

  ``This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most 
complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the 
immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of 
every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and salutary 
measure.''

                          United States Senate

                       Committee on Appropriations


                       ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS

  Thad Cochran, Mississippi, Chairman            Robert C. Byrd, West 
  Ted Stevens, Alaska                              Virginia, Ranking
  Arlen Specter, Pennsylvania                    Daniel K. Inouye, 
  Pete V. Domenici, New Mexico                     Hawaii
  Christopher S. Bond, Missouri                  Patrick J. Leahy, 
  Mitch McConnell, Kentucky                        Vermont
  Conrad Burns, Montana                          Tom Harkin, Iowa
  Richard C. Shelby, Alabama                     Barbara A. Mikulski, 
  Judd Gregg, New Hampshire                        Maryland
  Robert F. Bennett, Utah                        Harry Reid, Nevada
  Larry Craig, Idaho                             Herb Kohl, Wisconsin
  Kay Bailey Hutchison, Texas                    Patty Murray, 
  Mike DeWine, Ohio                                Washington
  Sam Brownback, Kansas                          Byron L. Dorgan, North 
  Wayne Allard, Colorado                           Dakota
                                                 Dianne Feinstein, 
                                                   California
                                                 Richard J. Durbin, 
                                                   Illinois
                                                 Tim Johnson, South 
                                                   Dakota
                                                 Mary L. Landrieu, 
                                                   Louisiana

                    J. Keith Kennedy, Staff Director
             Clayton J. Heil, Majority Deputy Staff Director
              Terrence E. Sauvain, Minority Staff Director
             Charles Kieffer, Minority Deputy Staff Director
           Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Ninth Congress

   Senator Cochran, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Byrd, as 
ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all 
subcommittees of which they are not regular members.

                              ------------

  AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES

  Senators Bennett,\1\ Cochran, Specter, Bond, 
McConnell, Burns, Craig, Brownback, Kohl,\2\ Harkin, 
Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson, Landrieu. (8-7)

    COMMERCE, JUSTICE, SCIENCE, AND RELATED AGENCIES

  Senators Shelby,\1\ Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, 
McConnell, Hutchison, Brownback, Bond, Mikulski,\2\ 
Inouye, Leahy, Kohl, Murray, Harkin, Dorgan. (8-7)

                         DEFENSE

  Senators Stevens,\1\ Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Burns, Inouye,\2\ 
Byrd, Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, 
Mikulski. (10-9)

                  DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

  Senators Brownback,\1\ DeWine, Allard, Landrieu,\2\ 
Durbin. (3-2)

         ENERGY AND WATER, AND RELATED AGENCIES

  Senators Domenici,\1\ Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, 
Burns, Craig, Bond, Hutchison, Allard, Reid,\2\ Byrd, 
Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein, Johnson, Landrieu, Inouye. 
(9-8)

                    HOMELAND SECURITY

  Senators Gregg,\1\ Cochran, Stevens, Specter, 
Domenici, Shelby, Craig, Bennett, Allard, Byrd,\2\ 
Inouye, Leahy, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray, Reid, Feinstein. 
(9-8)

              INTERIOR AND RELATED AGENCIES

  Senators Burns,\1\ Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, 
Bennett, Gregg, Craig, Allard, Dorgan,\2\ Byrd, Leahy, 
Reid, Feinstein, Mikulski, Kohl. (8-7)

LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION, AND RELATED 
                          AGENCIES

  Senators Specter,\1\ Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, 
Stevens, DeWine, Shelby, Harkin,\2\ Inouye, Reid, Kohl, 
Murray, Landrieu, Durbin. (8-7)

                   LEGISLATIVE BRANCH

  Senators Allard,\1\ Cochran, DeWine, Durbin,\2\ 
Johnson. (3-2)

MILITARY CONSTRUCTION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS, AND RELATED 
                          AGENCIES

  Senators Hutchison,\1\ Burns, Craig, DeWine, 
Brownback, Allard, McConnell, Feinstein,\2\ Inouye, 
Johnson, Landrieu, Byrd, Murray. (7-6)

     STATE, FOREIGN OPERATIONS, AND RELATED PROGRAMS

  Senators McConnell,\1\ Specter, Gregg, Shelby, 
Bennett, Bond, DeWine, Brownback, Leahy,\2\ Inouye, 
Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson, Landrieu. (8-7)

  TRANSPORTATION, TREASURY, THE JUDICIARY, HOUSING AND 
           URBAN DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES

  Senators Bond,\1\ Shelby, Specter, Bennett, Hutchison, 
DeWine, Brownback, Stevens, Domenici, Burns, Murray,\2\ 
Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin, Dorgan, Leahy, 
Harkin. P(10-9)

                                Contents

                                                                    Page
  Committee membership, One hundred ninth Congress----------           V
  Subcommittee membership, One hundred ninth Congress-------         VII
  Introduction----------------------------------------------          XI
  A History of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and 
      the Appropriations Process in the Senate--------------           1
  The Budget Cycle------------------------------------------          25
  Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Appropriations--------          31
  Biographies of Committee Chairmen-------------------------          35
  Membership of the Committee:
    By Congress and Session-------------------------------------------89
    By Subcommittee Memberships--------------------------------------133
    By State and Term of Service-------------------------------------203
    Alphabetical Listing of Members of the Committee-----------------213

  The Committee Rooms---------------------------------------         221
  Staff Directors to the Committee--------------------------         225
  Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to Appropriations---         227
          S. Res. 164
                           In the Senate of the United States,
                                                 June 8, 2005.

  Resolved, That there be printed with illustrations as a Senate 
document a compilation of materials entitled ``Committee on 
Appropriations, United States Senate, 138th Anniversary, 1867-2005'', 
and that there be printed two thousand additional copies of such 
document for the use of the Committee on Appropriations.

  Attest:

                                    Emily Reynolds, Secretary.
                              Introduction

  March 6, 2005, marked the 138th anniversary of the creation of the 
Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate. In that time, 
the 287 members of the Committee, led by 25 different chairmen, have 
helped guide the financial operations of the United States Government 
through times of war and peace, depression and prosperity, 
constitutional crisis and political tranquility. The Committee's work 
has affected the lives and well-being of every American and the welfare 
of countless millions around the world.

  The information in this publication will be useful to the members of 
the Committee, the Congress generally, and students of Government 
interested in the development and functioning of the Congressional 
appropriations process.


                     PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

                      HON. THAD COCHRAN, CHAIRMAN,

                       COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                          UNITED STATES SENATE

                             109TH CONGRESS

                                   BY

                                  _____

                     PROFESSIONAL STAFF MEMBER(deg.)

A History of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and the Appropriations 
Process in the Senate

I. THE FIRST CENTURY AND A HALF: 1789-1946

``THE POWER OVER THE PURSE''

The appropriating power of Congress rests upon the authority conferred by 
Article I, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution:

    No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of 
Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of 
the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published 
from time to time.

The experiences of the Continental Congress left no doubt in the minds of 
the Founding Fathers about the importance of placing the ultimate control 
over funds in the hands of those who were directly responsible to the 
people. James Madison Federalist Paper No. 58 cited this point succinctly:

    This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most 
complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm 
the immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress 
of every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and 
salutary measure.

Since adoption of the Constitution, no one has seriously questioned the 
exclusive right of Congress to appropriate funds or the corollary authority 
to specify the objects of appropriations and the amounts of specific 
appropriations. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, less 
agreement existed regarding the degree of control that Congress should 
exercise over appropriations and over expenditures once appropriations had 
been made. In 1789 the First Congress made the Secretary of the Treasury 
responsible for compiling and reporting estimates of the public revenues 
and expenditures, but failed to give him the authority to review 
expenditure estimates and to oversee the use of appropriations. During the 
Presidency of George Washington, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander 
Hamilton favored wide executive discretion, based on lump-sum congressional 
appropriations, with the Treasury Secretary having broad authority in his 
role as a minister of finance and an agent of and adviser to Congress. The 
administration of Thomas Jefferson, however, took a different approach. 
Jefferson named Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury, who as a 
Member of the House of Representatives had advocated legislative control 
over spending through use of specific appropriations. Jefferson's first 
message to Congress in 1801 spelled out this philosophy:

     In our care, too, of the public contributions intrusted to our 
direction it would be prudent to multiply barriers against their 
dissipation by appropriating specific sums to every specific purpose 
susceptible of definition; by disallowing all applications of money 
varying from the appropriation in object or transcending it in 
amount; by reducing the undefined field of contingencies and thereby 
circumscribing discretionary powers over money; and by bringing back 
to a single department all accountabilities for money, where the 
examinations may be prompt, efficacious, and uniform.

Acceptance of congressional control in theory, however, did not dissuade 
the executive departments from seeking loopholes in the law as they spent 
the funds appropriated. Departments even made expenditures on a deficiency 
basis, forcing Congress to appropriate new funds for the remainder of a 
year. They also transferred appropriations without specific authority, let 
contracts in anticipation of appropriations, and carried forward unexpended 
balances, despite the enactment in 1795 of a law directing that any 
unexpended balances should be transferred to the surplus fund. Mingling of 
appropriations was not uncommon, and the loosest of control was exercised 
over the use of appropriations once they were made. As early as 1806, John 
Randolph, the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, deplored the 
decline of congressional fiscal control, stating that appropriations were 
``a matter of form, or less than a shadow of a shade, a mere cobweb against 
expenditures.''

Congress made periodic attempts to regain authority over the purse strings 
of the Nation. In 1802, it instituted a postaudit expenditure review, which 
it strengthened in 1816. An 1809 act required public officials to account 
for appropriations solely on the basis of the purpose of the appropriation. 
An 1820 law required the Secretaries of War and Navy to submit annually 
their estimated financial requirements, together with a statement of the 
unexpended balances still available from previous appropriations. As time 
went on, other departments of the Government were required to submit 
similar information. An 1823 act prohibited the advance of public funds 
prior to appropriations.

Despite these efforts, an almost constant tug of war between the executive 
and legislative branches of Government continued throughout the 19th 
century. While Congress recognized its responsibility to provide 
legislative oversight of the way funds were used, it was reluctant to 
impose rigid controls in the event of an emergency. Furthermore, individual 
members frequently favored Government activities that would have been 
restricted by limitations on appropriations.

EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS

In the first two congresses, the general appropriations were made in single 
bills. The first appropriations bill of record, in 1789, appropriated 
$639,000 and read as follows:

        An act making appropriations for the service of the present 
year.
     Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That there be appropriated for 
the service of the present year, to be paid out of the moneys which 
arise either from the requisitions heretofore made upon the several 
States or from the duties on impost and tonnage, the following sums, 
viz:
     A sum not exceeding $216,000 for defraying the expenses of the 
civil list under the late and present Government; a sum not 
exceeding $137,000 for defraying the expenses of the Department of 
     War; a sum not exceeding $190,000 for discharging the warrants 
issued by the late board of treasury, and the remaining unsatisfied; 
and a sum not exceeding $96,000 for paying the pensions to invalids.

Beginning in 1791, Congress--always alert to protect its constitutional 
powers to appropriate funds--frequently made appropriations for a 
particular purpose, using funds derived from a specific source. One 
instance illustrates these points: in February, 1791, President George 
Washington sent to the Senate a message indicating that he intended to 
ransom U.S. citizens held captive in Algiers and seeking an appropriation 
``on your earliest attention'' for the recognition of the treaty with the 
new emperor of Morocco. In response, the Senate advised the President by 
resolution to suspend any effort to ransom the captives until funds were 
appropriated, and it adopted an appropriation of $20,000 for the purpose of 
recognizing the emperor, with the funds to be derived from duties on 
distilled spirits. Continuing the trend towards specific funding measures, 
Congress in 1794 enacted a separate appropriation for the army, and 5 years 
later, in 1799, passed an appropriation for the navy.

THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE

In the early years of the Republic, the Senate did much of its legislative 
work through temporary ad hoc committees specially appointed to handle 
bills, including appropriations requests. By 1815, the Senate had 
authorized between 90 and 100 such special committees, while creating only 
4 standing committees, which were administrative rather than legislative in 
function.

Then, in 1816, the Senate adopted a new system. On a motion by Senator 
James Barbour of Virginia, the Senate added 11 standing committees to the 4 
already established. One of these was the Committee on Finance, which for 
the next 50 years handled appropriations bills. While this arrangement 
provided some of the needed legislative coordination, the executive branch 
still had no unified budgetary procedure. No single office was responsible 
for preparing and coordinating the estimates for appropriations. Instead, 
each department of the Government requested the amount it believed 
necessary to fund its programs.

During the ensuing decades, Congress enacted many laws to wrestle with what 
was termed ``the usurpation of control by the departments of the 
Government.'' With little success, legislators adopted procurement and 
contracting regulations, transportation and salary restrictions, and even 
expenditure limitations. In the years from 1846 to 1848, Government 
operation costs skyrocketed, as the war with Mexico engaged the Nation's 
attention. Total expenditures rose from $22 million in 1845 to $57 million 
in 1847, and deficits in 3 years aggregated a higher total than any since 
the War of 1812. Probably as a result, the Senate on December 19, 1850, 
adopted the first legislative limitation on appropriations, embodied in 
Rule 30 of the Senate \1\, which read as follows:

\1\ Rule 30 was framed in terms of amendments to general appropriations 
bills because the custom (based on the House's insistence) was for the 
Senate Finance Committee (and later the Appropriations Committee) to amend 
the House bill rather than originate a Senate bill.

No amendment proposing additional appropriations shall be received to 
any general appropriation bill, unless it be made to carry out the 
provisions of some existing law, or some act or resolution previously 
passed by the Senate during that session, or moved by a standing 
committee of the Senate, or in pursuance of an estimate from the head of 
some of the departments; and no amendment shall be received whose object 
is to provide for a private claim, unless it be made to carry out the 
provisions of an existing law or a treaty stipulation.

A decade later, the increased Federal Government expenditures incurred 
during the Civil War dwarfed those from the war with Mexico. For 8 years, 
between 1858 and 1865, the Treasury Department showed a deficit in Federal 
balances that reached $963 million in 1865. That year, for the first time, 
expenditures passed the billion-dollar mark, and, in the following year, 
the interest on the public debt rose about $100 million. During the Civil 
War period, the Federal Government spent millions of dollars without 
Congress making appropriations, in what is generally regarded as the high-
water mark of the exercise of executive power in the United States. The 
exigencies of the moment frustrated congressional attempts to control the 
purse, as the President wrote, ``I feel that measures, otherwise 
unconstitutional, might become lawful by becoming indispensable to the 
preservation of the Nation.'' Once the national danger subsided, however, 
Congress reasserted its constitutional rights and directed its attention to 
control of appropriations.

CREATION OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

At the beginning of the Fortieth Congress in March 1867, Senator Henry B. 
Anthony of Rhode Island offered a Senate resolution providing for the 
creation of ``a Committee on Appropriations, to consist of seven members.'' 
His purpose was ``to divide the onerous labors of the Finance Committee 
with another committee'' by separating the tax-writing and appropriating 
processes. The House had already established an Appropriations Committee 2 
years earlier. Without further discussion, Anthony's resolution was 
considered by unanimous consent and agreed to, giving birth to the Senate 
Committee on Appropriations on March 6, 1867. The lack of Senate debate 
over the proposed resolution indicates that Members recognized the need to 
control the appropriations process, as well as to ensure better management 
of Government spending by giving one committee the sole responsibility to 
examine executive agency budget estimates. When the Senate approved the 
membership of its standing committees the next day, it named the following 
members to the new Committee on Appropriations:

Lot M. Morrill of Maine, chairman

James W. Grimes of Iowa

Timothy O. Howe of Wisconsin

Henry Wilson of Massachusetts

Cornelius Cole of California

Roscoe Conkling of New York

James Guthrie of Kentucky

Senator Anthony then offered a resolution to amend Rule 30 of the Senate, 
to which relatively minor changes had been made in 1852 and 1854. The new 
resolution was far-reaching:

Resolved, That the 30th rule of the Senate be amended by adding thereto 
the following words, namely: ``And all amendments to general 
appropriation bills reported from the committees of the Senate, 
proposing new items of appropriation, shall, 1 day before they are 
offered, be referred to the Committee on Appropriations; and all general 
appropriation bills shall be referred to the said committee.''

This resolution, which the Senate agreed to without debate, gave the 
committee an opportunity to examine all proposed amendments, thus 
precluding spontaneous floor amendments. On the first appropriation bill 
reported by the committee, Senator Lot Morrill raised a point of order--
which the Senate sustained--against a floor amendment about which the 
Committee on Appropriations had not received prior notice.\2\

\2\ This measure, the first appropriation bill ever considered by the 
Senate Committee on Appropriations, was S. 83, Fortieth Congress, 
originating in the Senate. It was amended in both houses and in the 
conference. Only one of the three conferees, Senator Morrill, was a regular 
Appropriations member. Along with other items for the Senate, House, and 
executive branch, the bill contained $2,898 for the salary (covering 
approximately 16 months) for the clerk of the Senate Committee on 
Appropriations. President Andrew Johnson signed the bill into law on March 
29, 1867.

The operations of the newly formed committee were in many ways similar to 
those in practice today. To handle the various appropriation bills, the 
committee soon established 13 subcommittees, with three members assigned to 
each, responsible for the following topics:

Agriculture

Army

Deficiencies

Diplomatic and consular

District of Columbia

Fortification

Indian

Legislative

Military Academy

Navy

Pensions

Post Office

Sundry Civil

In the Senate, as in the House, the Committee on Commerce continued to 
handle the rivers and harbors appropriation bill, which had been provided 
for as a separate bill since 1826 and was not considered a ``general'' 
appropriation bill.

FISCAL REFORM POLICIES

Once created, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees moved promptly 
to correct loopholes in the way appropriated money was used. They first 
attacked the problem of commingling and transferring funds. As the power of 
the Presidency had waxed or waned between 1817 and 1868, Congress had 
passed at least 11 measures either limiting, regulating, or extending the 
power of the President to transfer funds from one object of appropriation 
to another. At the instance of the Senate Appropriations Committee in 1868, 
an amendment to a deficiency appropriation bill repealed all acts 
authorizing the transfers of appropriations. On the floor, the bill was 
further amended to forbid using money for any purpose other than that for 
which it was appropriated, although unexpended balances could still be 
employed for purposes similar to those for which Congress had appropriated 
the funds.

A further problem not addressed by the 1868 act continued, however, because 
executive agencies often tapped unexpended balances in years subsequent to 
those for which Congress had appropriated the money. Because this practice 
made it virtually impossible for the Treasury Department and Congress to 
ascertain the exact amounts of these unexpended funds, the Appropriations 
Committees were unable to judge accurately the actual needs of the various 
agencies. The legislative appropriations bill in 1870 became the vehicle to 
rectify the problem. As finally enacted, the law provided that all 
unexpended balances from appropriations made specifically for a given 
fiscal year would be placed in the surplus fund of the Treasury, although 
such funds could be used to fulfill contracts made within that year. 
Another section in the same act later became section 3679 of the Revised 
Statutes, subsequently known as the Anti-Deficiency Act. This section 
stated that no department could make greater expenditures during a fiscal 
year than the amount provided by Congress. Nor could a department involve 
the Federal Government in any contract for the future payment of money in 
excess of appropriations.

In addition, the act provided that the Treasury Department should report 
all balances of appropriations that had remained on the books without being 
drawn against for 2 years after the date of the last appropriation. If 
these amounts were not required in order to settle accounts, they might be 
transferred to the surplus fund. An interpretation by the Attorney General, 
however, virtually nullified the intent of this provision. His ruling 
stated that any agency's authority to expend would be automatically 
extended for another 2 years if any part of the unexpended balance was 
drawn on within the first 2-year period. Congress hastened to correct this 
assumption by passing a law in 1874 that stipulated:

. . . the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause all unexpended balances 
of appropriations which shall have remained upon the books of the 
Treasury for 2 fiscal years to be carried to the surplus fund and 
covered into the Treasury.

The measure excepted permanent specific appropriations and those for rivers 
and harbors, lighthouses, fortifications, public buildings, and the pay of 
the navy and marine corps.

No significant changes occurred in the committee's structure during the 
next three decades. Although its membership was enlarged from 7 to 9 in 
1873, temporarily to 10 in 1885, and then to 13 in 1895, no revisions in 
the subcommittee makeup are recorded during this period. General revisions 
of the Senate rules in 1877 and 1884 had little impact on the committee, 
except that in the latter year the Senate adopted Rule XVI, regarding 
amendments to appropriation bills, incorporating much of what had 
previously been contained in Rule 30. Passage of the Dockery Act in 1894 
improved the fiscal management of the Government but continued to vest 
control of spending in the executive branch, so that Congress still lacked 
the authority to conduct an independent review of agency expenditures.

RESTRICTIONS ON COMMITTEE IN 1899

On January 28, 1899, the Senate adopted a rules change that profoundly 
affected the operation of the Committee on Appropriations by removing most 
of the appropriation bills from its jurisdiction. The House of 
Representatives had already taken a similar step in 1885 when it removed 
all but 6 of the 14 general bills from the control of its Appropriations 
Committee, referring them instead to the related legislative committees.

Students of Government assert that the sentiment to restrict the power of 
the Committee on Appropriations developed in reaction to the practices that 
had helped Congress maintain some control over the national purse strings. 
Executive agencies and others concerned about establishing and operating 
individual programs chafed under restrictions that hampered their previous 
freedom of operation. They objected to requirements initiated by the 
Appropriations Committee, such as the detailed itemization of 
appropriations, restrictions on their power to transfer funds, the 
provision returning unexpended balances to the treasury, and the 
prohibition on contract obligations in excess of appropriations.

In December 1895, Senator Fred T. Dubois of Idaho introduced a resolution 
to curb the committee's power by amending Rule XVI to strip the Committee 
on Appropriations of most of its control over appropriations. The 
resolution directed that the appropriate legislative committees would 
handle appropriations dealing with agriculture, consular and diplomatic 
activities, the military establishment (including the military academy), 
the naval establishment, post offices, Indians and Indian tribes, rivers 
and harbors, fortifications, the District of Columbia, and pensions. The 
Appropriations Committee would retain control only over appropriations for 
the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses; sundry civil expenses; 
and all deficiencies. Two months later, Senator Dubois, objecting to 
consideration of an urgent deficiency appropriation bill, insisted that his 
resolution be made the pending business. The Appropriations Committee 
chairman, Senator William B. Allison, defended the committee, asserting 
that it ``has with fidelity represented the interests of the Senate as 
manifested by votes here upon this subject,'' and another committee member, 
Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, denounced the motion as a proposal ``to 
dismantle the committee.'' After extended debate, punctuated by 
considerable parliamentary maneuvering, the Senate referred the resolution 
to the Committee on Rules with instructions to report back to the Senate by 
the beginning of the next session. Three days after the second session 
began, on December 10, 1896, Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, for the Committee 
on Rules, requested and received an extension of time to consider the 
resolution.

The committee took no further action in that Congress. Two years later, on 
December 21, 1898, Senator William E. Chandler of New Hampshire, on behalf 
of Senator Thomas H. Carter of Montana, offered the same resolution to 
amend Rule XVI. The stated purpose was ``to facilitate and expedite the 
business of the Senate.'' Senator Chandler resubmitted the resolution 3 
weeks later on January 10, 1899, and asked that it be placed on the 
calendar. He indicated that either he or Senator Carter would move to 
proceed to its consideration at the earliest appropriate moment. When 
Senator Aldrich of the Committee on Rules called up the resolution on 
January 28, it was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to without 
comment. That no debate took place seems to indicate that opinion in the 
Senate had come to support the resolution, which established a procedure 
similar to one adopted by the House 14 years earlier. Under the resolution 
as passed by the Senate, the rivers and harbors bill continued to be 
referred to the Committee on Commerce, and the bills on agriculture, the 
army, the military academy, Indians, the navy, pensions, and the Post 
Office went to the appropriate legislative committees. These changes left 
the Appropriations Committee with a diminished, but still substantial, 
jurisdiction, divided among six subcommittees. Among the remaining 
subcommittees, for example, the Legislative Subcommittee was responsible 
for funding for the salaries and contingent expenses of most of the 
executive branch departments (including the civilian administration of the 
Navy and War Departments, but not the Agriculture Department) in the 
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial bill. The Sundry Civil Subcommittee 
provided funding for the activities of a wide variety of agencies (such as 
the Bureau of Mines, the Customs Service, the Interstate Commerce 
Commission, and the Veterans' Bureau). The Sundry Civil bill was frequently 
the largest of the general appropriations bills. The Appropriations 
Committee also retained subcommittees to consider the Diplomatic and 
Consular, District of Columbia, and Fortifications bills, as well as a 
subcommittee devoted to deficiencies.

For the next 20 years, little significant change occurred in the 
appropriations process. In 1911, the committee's membership rose to 17 and 
in 1915 to 20, but no revisions of consequence took place in the referral 
of bills and the authority of the committee.

DECENTRALIZED APPROPRIATIONS PROCEDURES, 1900-1920

Even under the decentralized approach to Federal financing, the 
Appropriations Committee continued its efforts to place some restraints on 
Government spending. During the period between 1897 and 1909, the 
expenditures occasioned by the Spanish-American War, together with enlarged 
Federal functions, practically doubled annual appropriations. Because the 
customs duties and tariff revenues that had provided the major source of 
Government funds from the early days of the Republic no longer sufficed to 
finance the increased outlays, this extensive spending resulted in an 
unbalanced budget, with deficits existing in 10 of the 16 years between 
1894 and 1909.

A further problem from a congressional standpoint was the growing use by 
executive branch agencies of a device that has been termed ``coercive 
deficiencies.'' An agency would spend at a rapid rate money that had been 
appropriated for an entire year. When the funds neared exhaustion, the 
agency informed Congress that, if additional appropriations were not 
provided, the required services would have to be stopped, in order to 
comply with the Anti-Deficiency Act of 1870. Although Congress complained 
about this practice, it felt obliged to grant the funds, in order to avoid 
curtailing or shutting down some executive function deemed vital to the 
Nation. Compounding the problem, the loss of jurisdiction by the 
Appropriations Committee meant that two different committees might have 
handled the original appropriation and the deficiency request. The Senate 
and House Appropriations Committees, led by their chairmen, Senator Eugene 
Hale and Representative (later Senator) James A. Hemenway, resolved to end 
this practice of the ``understrappers,'' as Senator Hale termed them, who 
flaunted their power in the face of congressional edict. In 1905 and 1907, 
Congress twice amended the antideficiency language in section 3679 of the 
Revised Statutes. In addition to the provision of 1870 requiring that 
expenditures be limited to money appropriated for a given fiscal year, the 
new law stipulated that the appropriations should be apportioned by monthly 
or other allotments, in order to prevent excessive expenditures in one 
portion of the year that would necessitate a deficiency appropriation later 
on. This law could only be waived by informing Congress in the event of 
``some extraordinary emergency or unusual circumstance'' that could not be 
anticipated at the time the apportionment was made.

In another action, the Appropriations Committee in 1906 sought to stop the 
practice of permitting the heads of departments to submit their estimates 
``piecemeal,'' as Senator Hale termed it. Instead, Congress directed each 
agency to include in its initial request the full amount that would be 
needed to carry out its responsibilities. If additional funds were later 
required to implement new laws or to provide a necessary public service, 
the request should include a full statement explaining the urgency of the 
need and the reasons for omitting the amount from the annual estimates. 
Further, a provision of the Sundry Civil Appropriation Act in 1909 made the 
President responsible for recommending to Congress the methods by which 
annual expenditure estimates might be brought within the estimated 
revenues.

THE BUDGET AND ACCOUNTING ACT OF 1921

Although the decentralized approach to appropriations was slow to die, a 
new concept of budgeting gradually developed in the first two decades of 
the 20th century. In 1910, shortly after the revision of antideficiency 
legislation, President William Howard Taft appointed a Commission on 
Economy and Efficiency. Its report 2 years later urged the adoption of a 
Federal budget system. Shortly before leaving office in 1913, President 
William Howard Taft attempted to implement a key recommendation of the 
Commission by submitting a consolidated executive budget, but Congress 
refused to consider it, and the Commission quietly went out of business the 
following year. The outbreak of the First World War delayed further 
congressional consideration of the question of a new budget system, but by 
the time the Budget and Accounting Act was signed into law by President 
Warren G. Harding in 1921 the idea of an executive budget had been accepted 
as a necessity for achieving economy and efficiency.

During World War I, as in previous wars, the executive branch was granted 
great flexibility in its use of appropriated funds. A Congress eager to 
support the war effort and avoid having fiscal procedures hinder military 
operations permitted such tactics as lump-sum appropriations, the use of 
revolving funds, and a generally worded permission to employ contract 
authority and incur obligations in excess of appropriations. Once the war 
was over, however, Congress moved to reassert its control over the use of 
funds, particularly in light of a general concern that retrenchment was 
needed. The average annual appropriation for the 10 years prior to World 
War I had hovered at the billion-dollar mark but, by the war's end, the 
amount had soared to $27 billion. For fiscal year 1920, the first peacetime 
year, appropriations stood at approximately $6.5 billion, over six times 
the prewar average. The answer appeared to be a major budgetary overhaul.

Congress took the first steps soon after the war, when it discontinued as 
no longer necessary the practice of making large lump-sum appropriations. 
Congress also rescinded some appropriations and curtailed the use of 
revolving funds, while liquidating many of the war-spawned Government 
corporations. Such changes controlled practices brought about by wartime 
exigencies, but they did not strike at the root of the problem. For 
example, coercive deficiencies continued to flourish, despite the 
requirement of section 3679 of the Revised Statutes that appropriations be 
allocated over the course of a full year. Although Appropriations Committee 
Chairman Senator Francis E. Warren of Wyoming fought against this practice, 
he faced the old problem that, if Congress denied these requests for 
deficiencies, it would be penalizing public servants and others who had 
earned their salaries or furnished commodities for which they should be 
paid. The fact also remained that no one had been punished under the 
provisions of the Anti-Deficiency Act.

Other major problems were all too evident. Each agency of the Government 
had generally dealt directly with Congress in its requests for funds. 
Neither the President nor the Treasury Department exercised any coordinated 
control over budgetary policies and requests. Although after 1909 the 
Treasury Department had the responsibility to inform the President if a 
budget deficit was anticipated, little or no overall budgetary control 
existed. The Treasury Department collected the estimates submitted by the 
departments and agencies and transmitted them to Congress without changes.

From a legislative standpoint, the system that the Senate had employed 
since the turn of the century had obvious drawbacks. With no centralized 
responsibility for budgetary consideration, eight different committees 
pursued their own courses, and appropriations for a single department might 
be handled by several different committees. As an extreme example, 
appropriations for the War Department were contained in four different 
bills before three separate committees. Over the years, many legislators 
contended that such fragmentation of appropriations among numerous 
committees was in the end extravagant, with some describing the prevailing 
system as ``illogical, unscientific, and universally condemned by 
disinterested students of our Government.'' The platforms of both major 
parties in 1916 had also stressed the need for reform.

To address these problems, Congress in 1919 passed a budget and accounting 
bill, which President Woodrow Wilson vetoed on constitutional grounds 
involving his power to remove the comptroller general from office. Two 
years later, however, the attempt succeeded, and President Warren G. 
Harding signed the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. Passage of the law 
brought major changes in the entire appropriating procedure, designed to 
give Congress greater control over the budgetary process and to establish a 
more centralized approach to financial policy in both the executive and 
legislative branches.

The most far-reaching single fiscal reform measure promulgated since the 
establishment of the Republic, the Budget and Accounting Act provided for 
unified executive control over budget submission and created a legislative 
agency whose duties included a centralized oversight of all executive 
spending. Implementation of the act also led to a consolidation of the 
congressional appropriations process.

Thus, after 130 years, the financial operation of the Government was to be 
brought within a centralized system. Specifically, the law required the 
President to transmit to Congress the proposed annual budget of the United 
States. To oversee this process, it established a Bureau of the Budget, 
located in the Treasury Department but under the immediate direction of the 
President, which was empowered to assemble, correlate, revise, and reduce 
or increase the estimates of the several departments and establishments.

In addition, the act established the General Accounting Office, headed by a 
comptroller general of the United States, which was to be entirely 
independent of the executive branch and responsible only to Congress as its 
fiscal representative and auditor. The agency's powers, which have since 
been enlarged, were sweeping, giving Congress an independent agent to audit 
executive accounts and investigate all receipts, disbursements, and 
applications of public funds. The new General Accounting Office also 
absorbed powers previously delegated to the Treasury Department under the 
1894 Dockery Act. In regard to deficiencies, the act specified that the 
comptroller general should report to Congress expenditures or contracts 
made by any department or agency in violation of the law.

COMMITTEE JURISDICTION RESTORED

In 1922, after the new act took effect, the Senate confronted the need to 
adjust to the altered arrangement of appropriations measures. With the 
approval of the President, the Bureau of the Budget proposed a new 
structure for considering the regular annual appropriations bills, and the 
House Committee on Appropriations--which had assumed control over all 
general appropriations again in 1920--adopted the procedure. According to 
the Senate procedure followed since 1899, a large number of appropriations 
bills were referred to legislative committees, while the remainder went to 
the Committee on Appropriations. The new arrangement wiped out most of the 
old categories of appropriations bills and substituted new ones, grouped 
according to the various units of governmental organization. Although the 
law required, and the Bureau of the Budget provided, alternative lists of 
estimates (one under the old method of procedure and one under the new) the 
Senate needed to offer some direction regarding the proper course to 
pursue. As Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Francis Warren pointed 
out:

. . . if the so-called budget law is put into effect as it was intended, 
it will require us to pursue very much the same procedure as the other 
House is now pursuing and under which they are working so harmoniously 
and expeditiously in the present Congress. On the other hand, if it be 
sought to divide over the various appropriation bills as heretofore, 
then, I think, it will be better that the rule shall distinctly refer to 
the bills under this new designation and cause their reference to 
whatever committee may be provided. My purpose will be to state the 
facts and to introduce a resolution which may go to the Committee on 
Rules in order that they may consider the entire subject.

The new procedure, envisaging a changed structure cutting across the lines 
of the previous appropriations process, affected the bills referred to the 
various legislative committees as well as those sent to the Appropriations 
Committee. Not one bill previously handled by the legislative committees 
remained as it was; only one bill, the deficiency measure, remained 
unchanged; and only two bills under the old titles would be referred to the 
Senate Committee on Appropriations. Concerned about the need to take some 
action, Senator Warren proposed the following resolution--while indicating 
that he had no desire to infringe on the rights and privileges of any 
individual Senator or committee:

    Resolved, That clause 1 of rule 16 of the Standing Rules of the 
Senate be amended so as to read as follows, to wit:
``1. All general appropriation bills shall be referred to the 
Committee on Appropriations, and no amendments shall be received to 
any general appropriation bill the effect of which will be to 
increase an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a 
new item of appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the 
provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation, or act, or 
resolution previously passed by the Senate during that session; or 
unless the same be moved by direction of a standing or select 
committee of the Senate, or proposed in pursuance of an estimate of 
the head of some one of the departments.''

The effect of the proposed resolution would be to bring all general 
appropriations back under the control of the Committee on Appropriations, 
which, in turn, could set up subcommittees compatible with the new budget 
structure and the operations of the House committee.

The subject was broached by Senator Warren on January 16 and 18, 1922, and 
the actual debate on the resolution began on March 1 and continued until 
March 6. The Rules Committee recommended that Senate Rule XVI be amended so 
that all general appropriation bills would be referred to the Senate 
Committee on Appropriations and that the chairman and two other members of 
the Committees on Agriculture and Forestry, Military Affairs, Naval 
Affairs, Post Office and Post Roads, Commerce, and Foreign Relations would 
sit with the members of the Committee on Appropriations on those matters 
over which the legislative committees maintained jurisdiction. It was 
further proposed that an appropriation bill would be subject to a point of 
order if the bill contained amendments proposing new or general 
legislation.

Although some opposition existed to the entire concept of the Committee on 
Appropriations assuming control over all appropriations, most of the debate 
centered on the idea of having ex officio members from the legislative 
committees sitting with the Committee on Appropriations when agencies 
within their legislative jurisdiction were requesting funds, and, 
similarly, having them represented on the conference committees. Senator 
Pat Harrison of Mississippi moved that the Senate reverse the proposal and 
provide that three members of the Committee on Appropriations sit in 
conference with the members of the legislative committees. Senator George 
Norris of Nebraska, on the other hand, favored eliminating the ex officio 
legislative committee members from appropriations consideration. The final 
arrangement authorized three members of the legislative committees to sit 
with the Committee on Appropriations during consideration of appropriations 
for the designated departments, and authorized one to sit on the 
conferences. The District of Columbia legislative committee received the 
same rights as the other legislative committees.

Some Senators also worried about making the Committee on Appropriations all 
powerful, but the amendment to Rule XVI, as perfected on the floor, stilled 
much of the opposition by forbidding the committee to report an 
appropriation bill containing amendments proposing new or general 
legislation. A point of order could be lodged against any bill including 
such an amendment that, if sustained, would send the measure back to 
committee. The Senate adopted the amendment to Rule XVI by a vote of 63 to 
14.

To implement the revised structure of appropriations bills, the committee 
established a new set of subcommittees, including: Agriculture; Commerce 
and Labor; Deficiencies; District of Columbia; Independent Offices; 
Interior; Legislative; Navy; Post Office; State and Justice; Treasury; and 
War Department, which was responsible for both military and civilian 
functions (such as river and harbor improvements done by the Corps of 
Engineers). During the next 25 years only minor changes took place in the 
subcommittee structure, such as the combination of the Treasury Department 
and the Post Office subcommittees, and the combination of the State and 
Justice Departments with the Commerce and Labor Departments subcommittees 
(and later, establishing a separate Labor Department subcommittee).

The committee procedure remained generally stable from the time of the 1922 
amendment to Rule XVI to the passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act 
in 1946. The size of the committee, however, did fluctuate somewhat. By 
1915, the committee had increased to 20 members, but the amendment to Rule 
XVI decreased it again to 16, because of the fear of either a too unwieldy 
or a too powerful committee, as well as because of the addition of ex 
officio members to the committee (a practice that lasted until the 94th 
Congress). In 1927 it was increased to 19 members, in 1931 to 23 members, 
in 1935 to 24 members, and in 1943 to 25 members.

II. THE MODERN ERA

LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1946

As World War II was drawing to a close, many Members of Congress recognized 
the growing need for a major overhaul of the Federal structure. The 
depression of the 1930s and the war in the 1940s had spawned a vast number 
of new agencies to meet these national crises. At the same time, the close 
scrutiny over appropriations and their use that Congress had so 
painstakingly evolved was again loosened to permit executive flexibility in 
the administration of emergency measures. Once more, Congress had resorted 
to lump-sum appropriations, had legalized transfers of appropriations, and 
had created a multiplicity of corporations, first to combat the depression 
and later to aid the conduct of the war. In the closing days of 1945, 
Congress passed the Government Corporation Control Act and an act to 
provide for the reorganization of Government agencies. These laws were 
designed to make possible financial control of Government corporations and 
promote economy in Government by eliminating, coordinating, and 
consolidating agencies. Congress also again ended lump-sum appropriations 
and prohibited transfers of appropriations.

Recognizing that it must also set its own house in better order, Congress 
in 1945 created a joint committee, chaired by Wisconsin Senator Robert M. 
La Follette, Jr., with Representative A.S. Mike Monroney of Oklahoma as 
vice chair, to make a full study of the organization and operation of 
Congress. As a result of that study, joint committee members introduced a 
bill in 1946 proposing changes in the institutional operations of Congress. 
The Senate passed the legislation in June; the House acted the next month; 
and President Harry Truman signed it into law on August 2, 1946. The 
measure as enacted stipulated that there should be a total of 16 standing 
committees in the Senate, a marked reduction from the previous 33. It 
further required--for the first time in history--that the rules of the 
Senate define the jurisdiction of the reorganized committees. The act 
described the jurisdiction of the Committee on Appropriations as follows:

``to which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation, 
messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the 
following subjects:
             1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the 
                                                 Government. . . .''

The original bill had proposed that the membership of the committee be 
reduced to 13, but a floor amendment raised the number to 21, still a 
decrease of 4 from the previous 25.

The act also provided that Senators could serve on no more than two 
standing committees, with the exception of members of the Committees on 
Expenditures and the District of Columbia. This change eliminated the 
multiplicity of assignments, which had risen to as many as 10 standing 
committee memberships for a single Senator.

To provide more adequate staffing of congressional committees, the bill 
authorized employing four staff experts for each committee, and each 
subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations was also to be assigned 
four qualified staff assistants. A subsequent amendment left the size of 
the staff to the discretion of the committee, while making clear that an 
expanded staff was favored. Left to each committee's discretion were the 
qualifications of the staff, which had been a focus of discussion during 
the Senate debate. In 1947 the number of committee staff members was 
increased considerably.

JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LEGISLATIVE BUDGET

The Legislative Reorganization Act also revived and expanded an idea that 
had been suggested by Senator Miles Poindexter of Washington in 1921. He 
had urged creation of a joint committee ``to meet promptly at the convening 
of each session of Congress,'' in order to examine Government revenues and 
prepare to allocate the funds that would be available for appropriation 
during the ensuing fiscal year. The new act established a Joint Committee 
on the Legislative Budget to be composed of members of the Senate and House 
Appropriations Committees, the Senate Finance Committee, and the House Ways 
and Means Committee. The joint committee was to meet at the beginning of 
each regular session and, after study and consultation, report to the 
respective houses a legislative budget for the ensuing fiscal year, 
including the estimated Federal receipts and expenditures for that year. 
The report would recommend the total amount to be reserved for 
deficiencies, as well as a reduction in the public debt if estimated 
expenditures were expected to exceed receipts. A concurrent resolution was 
to accompany the report, fixing the maximum amount to be appropriated for 
expenditure during that year. If expenditures were estimated to exceed 
receipts, the report would include a statement of the sense of Congress 
that the public debt would be increased by the amount of the excess. After 
considerable discussion, the date of the report was fixed at February 15 of 
each year, although the original recommendation had been April 15. At the 
time, Senator Alben Barkley of Kentucky expressed reservations about the 
timing of the report, and subsequent experience demonstrated that his 
misgivings were well founded.\3\

\3\ The original bill also included a deficit reduction provision that was 
eventually dropped. If, midway through the fiscal year, total Federal 
expenditures appeared likely to exceed receipts by more than the 
congressionally approved deficit, the provision required the President 
uniformly to reduce all appropriations to bring the deficit within the 
limit previously set, unless there was a national emergency.

Attempts were made in 1947 and 1948 to carry out the intent of the 
legislative budget provision, with little success. In 1947 the conferees 
between the two Houses were unable to reach a final agreement on the 
differing versions of two budget resolutions passed after joint meetings. 
In 1948, both Houses adopted a joint resolution, but a strongly worded 
minority report noted basic defects in the procedure. In 1949, a joint 
resolution that would have suspended the legislative budget provision 
pending further study was introduced but blocked by an objection. The joint 
committee held no further meetings after that time.

OTHER EFFORTS TO CONTROL SPENDING

In 1950 Congress attempted another experiment, in the form of a 
consolidated appropriations bill, in which all appropriations were to be 
considered in a single measure. The proponents believed that the plan would 
promote economy, speed up the appropriations process, and provide Congress 
with the total funding picture before any appropriations were made. The 
complexity and magnitude of the operation, however, made the committee's 
work difficult and floor consideration cumbersome. The experiment was 
therefore not repeated.

Congress did enact other laws designed to improve and strengthen controls 
over the budgetary process that were more successful. The National Security 
Act Amendments of 1949, for example, reorganized the fiscal management in 
the Department of Defense to promote efficiency and economy. In 1950 the 
Budget and Accounting Procedures Act improved the process for budgeting, 
accounting, and auditing, as well as permitting the President to prepare a 
performance budget focusing on the functions of the Government. That act 
also strengthened the Office of the Comptroller General and placed a 
variety of statistical and informational requirements on the executive 
branch, in order to provide both branches of Government with better tools 
for legislative and management controls. The Supplemental Appropriations 
Act for 1955 tightened the basis for reporting obligations. In addition, 
the Appropriations Committees took steps to strengthen antideficiency 
legislation during the 1950s by adopting more effective controls, 
simplifying the allotment system, and limiting the nature of deficiency 
requests. In 1958 Congress amended the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 to 
authorize an accrued expenditure limitation system, although opponents of 
the plan believed that the legislation would not provide the desired 
controls.

Fiscal controls have been enhanced since the 1950s by more frequent use of 
the annual authorization process initiated by the legislative committees. 
Originally, appropriations were based on the legal authority contained in 
basic statutes creating Government departments and agencies and by 
revisions of those laws. The change to require annual authorizations for 
many programs enables Congress to review twice--through the authorization 
process and through the appropriations process--the financial requirements 
of many Government agencies, particularly in those areas where requirements 
change markedly from year to year. Since the upper limits of many 
appropriations are defined through the authorization process, the 
appropriation procedure is closely tied to authorization action.

THE 1974 BUDGET ACT AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS

During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the budget deficit grew as a result 
of increased spending for both the Vietnam war and domestic programs, 
leading Congress on several occasions to adopt spending limits. Then, 
during the Presidency of Richard Nixon, as the executive branch became 
increasingly concerned about controlling spending, the President began 
impounding certain program funds appropriated by Congress that exceeded the 
amount included in his original budget. This action raised the question 
whether the executive branch or Congress had final control over spending.

In response to this executive-legislative branch conflict, Congress passed 
the 1974 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, creating a 
comprehensive new Federal budget process. Since the goal was to enable the 
Senate and House to examine the entire budget for a fiscal year including 
appropriations, direct spending, and revenues, and set priorities among 
programs, Congress needed access to independent fiscal estimates and 
technical expertise, rather than relying on executive branch agencies that 
reported to the President. The legislation therefore established a 
Congressional Budget Office as a legislative branch agency reporting to 
Congress. While retaining the Senate and House Appropriations Committees in 
their traditional roles, the law created Budget Committees in each body to 
oversee the new process. In order to combat the impoundment problem, the 
act established a system permitting the President, with congressional 
approval, to defer or rescind spending of appropriated funds. Under the new 
process, Congress would use a concurrent resolution to establish a plan 
setting forth the levels for taxation, spending, and the deficit. The plan 
would then be implemented through enactment of budgetary legislation in the 
traditional manner. The act also changed the Government's fiscal year to 
begin on October 1 rather than July 1 as it had previously.

In spite of the new budget process, the national budget deficit climbed 
steeply in the early 1980s, leading Congress in 1985 to adopt the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (known popularly as Gramm-Rudman-
Hollings after its Senate sponsors, Senators Phil Gramm of Texas, Warren B. 
Rudman of New Hampshire, and Ernest F. Hollings of South Carolina). Aimed 
at achieving a balanced budget within 5 years, this law provided that, when 
the Federal deficit exceeded certain levels, automatic across-the-board 
cuts in spending (known as ``sequestration'') would take place.

When budget deficits again began to rise a few years later, congressional 
leaders tried the so-called budget summit approach, in which they met with 
representatives of the administration to seek agreement on ways to reduce 
the deficit. While they achieved some temporary success, by 1990 the 
deficit soared once more, far exceeding the targets set under Gramm-Rudman-
Hollings. As part of a budget summit plan negotiated with President George 
Bush to cut the deficit, Congress enacted the Budget Enforcement Act of 
1990. This act shifted the focus of budgetary control away from the deficit 
and instead defined limits for the contents of budgetary legislation. It 
established two new control mechanisms, both enforced by sequestration: 
spending caps designed to limit the level of discretionary spending 
provided in appropriations acts; and the pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) process 
designed to limit changes in the overall level of revenues and direct 
spending due to new legislation (but not due to external factors, such as 
economic conditions). Initially these restrictions were designed to last 
through 1995, but in 1993 they were extended through 1997, and in 1997 they 
were extended through 2002.

As a result of spending conflicts between Congress and the President, and 
within Congress as well, during the 1980's it became increasingly difficult 
to enact all of the appropriations bills before the beginning of the fiscal 
year. In response, Congress began to use continuing resolutions--originally 
designed to provide temporary funding at the start of a fiscal year if 
action on one or more of the regular appropriations bills were stalled--as 
a substitute. Congress also began using such continuing resolutions as 
omnibus appropriations measures, using them to supplant final action on all 
13 regular appropriations bills in 1986 and 1987. The use of omnibus 
appropriations measures, combining the contents of two or more regular 
appropriations bills, continued through the 1990's, although continuing 
resolutions were less likely to be the vehicle for such action.

PRESENT COMMITTEE STRUCTURE

Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the Senate Committee on 
Appropriations has continued its work on individual appropriations bills, 
while operating within the framework of the budget process established in 
1974, as modified in 1985 and 1990. A number of members of the Senate 
Appropriations Committee also serve on the Budget Committee, providing an 
informal liaison between the two committees.

Over the decades, the subcommittee structure has also changed to reflect 
developments in the executive branch. With passage of the National Security 
Act of 1947, as amended in 1949, for example, the subcommittees dealing 
with the military establishment were combined, first into the Armed 
Services Subcommittee and later, in 1955, into the Department of Defense 
Subcommittee. In 1967 a Transportation Subcommittee was established to 
handle appropriation requests for the newly formed Department of 
Transportation.

In 1969 (91st Congress), the Full Committee relinquished consideration of 
bills for funding foreign aid to a Subcommittee on Foreign Operations. In 
1971 (92nd Congress), the Committee reserved consideration of general 
supplemental bills to the Full Committee and eliminated the Subcommittee on 
Deficiencies and Supplementals, leaving the Committee with 13 
subcommittees.

In 2003 (108th Congress), in response to the enactment by Congress of 
legislation in 2002 creating a new Department of Homeland Security, the 
Committee created a Subcommittee on Homeland Security whose jurisdiction 
mirrored that of the new department. Portions of departments, agencies, 
bureaus and accounts that had been previously funded in eight subcommittees 
were moved to the jurisdiction of the new subcommittee. Activities 
previously funded in the Transportation and Related Agencies subcommittee 
and the Treasury, General Government subcommittee but not moved to the 
Homeland Security subcommittee, were considered by in a new Transportation, 
Treasury and General Government subcommittee. After restructuring, the 
Committee continued to have 13 subcommittees.

In 2005 (109th Congress), the Senate Appropriations Committee adopted a 
major reorganization, eliminating the Subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, 
Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies and making the 
following major changes:

      --jurisdiction of the National Aeronautics and Space 
  Administration (NASA), the National Science Foundation, and the 
  Office of Science and Technology Policy transferred to the former 
  Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary;
      --jurisdiction of Veterans Affairs transferred to the former 
  Subcommittee on Military Construction;
      --jurisdiction of the Department of Housing and Urban 
  Development transferred to the former Subcommittee on 
  Transportation, Treasury and General Government;
      --jurisdiction of the Judicial Branch transferred from the 
  former Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary 
  to the former Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury and General 
  Government;
      --jurisdiction of the Environmental Protection Agency 
  transferred to the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies;
      --jurisdiction of energy-related accounts formerly exercised 
  by the Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies transferred 
  to the Subcommittee on Energy and Water; and
      --jurisdiction of the State Department and related agencies 
  transferred to the former Subcommittee on Foreign Operations.

The present subcommittee structure is as follows:

Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies

Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies

Defense

District of Columbia

Energy and Water, and Related Agencies

Homeland Security

Interior and Related Agencies

Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies

Legislative Branch

Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies

State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs

Transportation, Treasury, the Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development, and 
Related Agencies

CONCLUSION

Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution of the United Sates reads: ``No 
money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of 
Appropriations made by law.'' In this 16-word clause, the Constitution 
explicitly vests Congress with the power of the purse, the national power 
over the raising and expenditures of Government funds.

In Federalist 58, James Madison, the Father of our Constitution, wrote that 
the ``power over the purse may be regarded as the most complete and 
effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate 
representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance, 
and for carrying into effect every just and salutary measure.''

In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton, the foremost proponent of executive 
power at the Constitutional Convention, wrote: ``The legislature not only 
commands the purse but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights 
of every citizen are to be regulated.''

After winning the Revolution, our Founding Fathers built a system of 
Government to inhibit tyranny. They did so by devising a form of Government 
that separated the three branches of Government, the executive, 
legislative, and the judicial, because, as Madison pointed out in 
Federalist 47, tyranny results whenever the three branches of Government 
are concentrated in the same hands. Then, in Federalist 51, he noted that 
the key to avoiding a concentration of power in a single branch was ``in 
giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional 
means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.''

In giving the legislature the power of the purse, our Founding Fathers were 
fully aware of the long struggles over money between Parliament and Crown 
in England. In Federalist 58, Madison wrote that the power of the purse was 
``the powerful instrument by which we behold, in the history of the British 
constitution, an infant and humble representation of the people gradually 
enlarging the sphere of its activity and importance.''

Through appropriations of Federal money, Congress not merely sets aside 
particular amounts of money; it defines the character, extent, and scope of 
authorized activities. With the power to appropriate funds, Congress can 
define and limit Presidential power. In domestic as well as in foreign 
affairs, it can withhold all or part of an appropriation and may attach 
riders to appropriations measures to proscribe certain actions. The 
Founders knew that by making the President the Commander in Chief, they 
were giving him awesome powers that could be abused. For this reason, 
George Mason warned the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, that ``the purse 
and the sword ought never to get into the same hands.'' For this reason, 
the sword was placed in the hands of the executive, while the purse was 
placed in the hands of Congress, the representative of the people.

Congress is the people's branch of Government, and it is Congress that will 
best preserve the American republic. If Congress is to ensure that we will 
never have a strong, unchecked executive with the capacity to abuse power 
and endanger individual freedoms, and if Congress is to continue as a 
coequal branch of Government, a healthy, vigorous system of checks and 
balances is essential. If Congress is to remain a strong, independent, 
vigorous and aggressive branch, ready, willing, and capable of retaining 
close control over executive agencies and the President, it must retain 
control of the purse strings.
The Budget Cycle

From the time of the conception of the budgets of the individual 
departments and agencies to the signing of the appropriation bills into law 
requires about 18 months. The process involves a large number of 
individuals and organizations, a great many decisions, and numerous 
procedures.

The first steps are taken in the executive branch by the various 
departments and agencies. In the spring, program offices in executive 
agencies begin compiling material necessary for the budget submission that 
will culminate in the President's budget request to Congress the following 
February. [So, for example, for the fiscal year 2006 budget request that 
was submitted in February 2005, agencies began the process in the spring of 
2004.] Budget formulation officially begins in March or April when the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), as the overseer of budget 
development for the President, issues its spring guidance outlining the 
administration's program priorities and overall funding levels. Departments 
in turn issue guidelines to subordinate agencies; these guidelines are 
consistent with the administration's policy positions and provide 
instructions on the departmental budget decision-making process. Typically 
a department's budget is built from the bottom up. At each stage, agency 
and department budget staff review requests and make recommendations to 
senior managers who are responsible for policy and funding decisions.

The Government Performance and Results Act requires that OMB have agencies 
prepare annual performance plans along with their budget requests. These 
annual performance plans set out performance goals for the fiscal year, a 
description of operational processes, and the measures used to show 
progress towards meeting planned objectives. Like agency budget requests, 
agency performance plans are submitted to OMB for review in early fall.

As agencies engage in their internal decision making process during the 
late spring and summer, OMB prepares for the next stage of budget 
formulation with the submission of department budgets for OMB's review. 
Although the specifics vary, this typically consists of three principal 
activities: (1) development of position papers by OMB staff on issues that 
are likely to be raised in OMB's fall reviews, such as administration 
program priorities, initiatives, or agency management, (2) preparation of 
the Mid-Session Review, which provides an update to the budget request 
pending before Congress and informs OMB's review of the departments' 
submissions in September, and (3) issuance of further guidance on the 
content, format, and deadlines for department budget submissions. From 
September through most of November, OMB conducts budget reviews--which can 
include department or agency hearings and requests for further 
information--that culminate in Director's Reviews. Director's Reviews are 
internal OMB sessions in which final decisions are usually made on what the 
President will request for departments and agencies. Departments are 
informed in late November of the outcome of these sessions and have a brief 
period to appeal. Once decisions are final, the departments and agencies 
conform their budget submissions accordingly. From December on, OMB and the 
agencies prepare the President's budget, which by law must be submitted to 
Congress between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in 
February. In recent years, the President's budget has been submitted on the 
first Monday in February. This marks the end of the executive branch budget 
formulation process in the budget cycle.

Meanwhile, the congressional budget process begins in January with the 
Congressional Budget Office's [CBO] report on The Budget and Economic 
Outlook. Currently this outlook covers 10 years. Shortly after the 
submission of the President's budget, the House and Senate Budget 
Committees begin the process of preparing a congressional budget 
resolution. This is a concurrent resolution containing the Congress' views 
on the appropriate level of spending and revenues--i.e. the appropriate 
fiscal position of the Government--and of broad funding priorities. The 
resolution allocates budgetary resources by budget function--such as 
national defense or transportation or education and training, et cetera. 
The reports accompanying the resolution (including the conference report) 
also identify allocations by committee, including the House and Senate 
Appropriations Committees. The Appropriations Committees then subdivide 
these resources among their 12 subcommittees to fund Federal Government 
operations and other activities under the Committees' jurisdiction. 
Agencies are required to submit to the relevant Appropriations 
subcommittees budget justifications consistent with the Presidents budget, 
but at a level of detail that meets the Appropriation subcommittee's needs.

The Senate and House Appropriations subcommittees set up schedules for the 
hearing of departmental and agency officials, usually starting with the 
secretary of the department, with the subordinate heads of the agency 
following. All administration statements are submitted to OMB for clearance 
before being sent to the subcommittees; these statements, and the 
justifications of estimates, are examined by members and staff. The 
testimony, which is transcribed by an official reporter, is subsequently 
released by the committee. The House and Senate Appropriations hearings 
often occur during the same time frame.

Hearings before the Senate Appropriations subcommittees are usually held in 
open session with the public invited. Under the normal practice, only 
matters involving national security are heard in executive session and, 
even then, an attempt is made to keep the public informed by releasing at 
the time of the hearing unclassified versions of the classified statements 
made by officials, and publishing at a later date ``cleared'' versions of 
the testimony. Because much of the committee's work involves information 
available only to the executive agencies, the preponderance of testimony is 
provided by officials of these agencies. However, representatives of other 
groups and informed individuals may appear before the committee, and their 
testimony is given due weight.

In the 109th Congress, each of the 28 members of the Senate Committee on 
Appropriations is assigned to from five to up to seven subcommittees, 
although, in the past, members have sometimes been assigned to as many as 
eight subcommittees. Membership on the subcommittees currently ranges from 
5 to 19 regular members. Hearings on appropriations bills ranges from a 
minimum of a few days to a normal maximum of several weeks, although they 
may extend over a period of months, depending on the magnitude of the 
submission and the importance attached to the presentation. For many years 
the committee has usually made it a practice to review the budget requests 
in their entirety, as distinguished from considering only appeals from 
previous House action.

The members of the subcommittees are experts in the areas over which they 
exercise authority. Their long tenure on the subcommittees, the interests 
of their States, their own national interests, and frequently their 
membership on related legislative committees provide them with a rich 
background of knowledge and experience, thus enabling them to deal 
skillfully with a wide variety of unique and recurring problems of 
National, State, or local import. This exacting and time-consuming work 
carried on by the members is in addition to their work on other committees, 
the necessity for their frequent floor appearances on other legislative 
matters, and the work they must accomplish in their own offices in 
connection with the requests and interests of their constituents.

After the hearings, an appropriation bill is ``marked up'' by the 
subcommittee. That is, the subcommittee members make decisions about the 
levels of budget authority to be given to the entities under the 
subcommittee's jurisdiction. They also make any decisions about any 
restrictions or flexibilities they wish to provide regarding the use of 
appropriated funds. It is at this session that the members of the 
subcommittee decide the amounts to be provided in the bill for each segment 
of the particular executive agency under consideration. Subcommittee 
meetings, including mark-up sessions, are open to the general public, 
except when the subcommittee, in open session by majority vote, decides to 
close a meeting because discussions will involve national security, law 
enforcement agents or information, or other confidential or sensitive 
information.

``Committee prints'' of the bill and report are developed by the staff 
under the supervision of the subcommittee. These are then submitted to the 
full committee. At these executive sessions, the burden of proof no longer 
rests on the witnesses but upon the chairman of the subcommittee, the 
ranking minority member, and the other Senators on the subcommittee, who 
work together in the formulation of the policy of the subcommittee. This is 
normally accomplished in 1 day, although on occasion more time is required. 
Once the full committee has agreed to the items and amounts to be contained 
in the bill and report, the bill and report are transmitted to the parent 
body, House or Senate, as the case may be. The bill and report then are 
made available to all interested parties.

Historically, it has been the custom for appropriation bills to be 
considered first in the House of Representatives, although there is no 
statutory or constitutional requirement for this procedure. Debate on the 
bills may be limited to a few hours or may last several days. If the House 
acts first, its bill is messaged over to the Senate, where it is referred 
to the Senate Committee on Appropriations. There it is studied by the 
subcommittee charged with the responsibility for the bill, and there, as 
previously described, the subcommittee takes such action and makes such 
changes as are deemed advisable. Action by the subcommittee, the full 
committee, and the full Senate is roughly comparable to consideration in 
the House with one major procedural exception. It has become the custom in 
the House for the Rules Committee to provide a special rule for the 
consideration of appropriations bills which may place limits on amendments 
to be considered on the House floor.

Once both the House and the Senate have passed an appropriations bill, the 
two Houses must work out their differences. This is accomplished in a 
conference committee. Only such items as are in disagreement between the 
two Houses are considered to be in the scope of the conference. In recent 
years, the chairmanship of the conference has alternated between the two 
Houses.

Conferees are appointed from the membership of the committee. The 
conference may be concluded in one session, but frequently several meetings 
are required before full agreement on all differences is reached. There is 
no rule as to the number of conferees. There have been generally between 
seven and nine conferees representing the Senate on appropriations bills, 
although in earlier years the number was typically smaller. Since action in 
conferences is decided on a unit basis, with one vote for each House, the 
number of conferees has no weight in the determination.

After full agreement has been reached in conference, the results are 
presented to the House of Representatives. Once agreed upon there, the 
measure is sent to the Senate. Approval by both Houses on the conference 
agreements concludes congressional action on the bill.

The bill is then messaged to the President for his approval. Once the 
President signs the bill, it becomes a public law.

The third phase of the budget cycle, known as budget execution, begins once 
an appropriation act becomes law. Before funds provided in statutes are 
available to agencies for obligation, they must be apportioned by OMB. The 
apportionment process is a way of ensuring that agencies do not obligate 
funds in excess of levels provided in law. Apportionments control the rate 
at which budget authority is made available either by time period, by 
program or by activity. Typically, agency funding is appropriated by 
quarter--although not necessarily evenly divided--so that an agency can 
obligate only up to the amount available in the first quarter. At the 
beginning of the second quarter, additional budget authority becomes 
available as well as any amounts in the first quarter that were not 
obligated, and so on for the third and fourth quarters. OMB is responsible 
for reviewing and approving apportionment requests and making funds 
available to departments and agencies. Agencies are required to set up 
internal control systems that establish accountability for funds as they 
are allocated to subordinate entities and to periodically monitor 
obligations to ensure that they are made for authorized purposes and 
recorded properly.

Occasionally, spending adjustments may be needed during the year; however 
they often require additional reporting and approval by OMB or the 
Congress. Spending adjustments after enactment of an appropriation may be 
made in several ways: First, while an agency may not transfer funds between 
two accounts unless specifically authorized by law (31 U.S.C. Sec. 1532), 
heads of departments or agencies are sometimes given authority in the 
appropriations act to transfer amounts at their discretion, usually up to a 
certain percentage, or subject to other limitations or restrictions. 
Second, agencies have inherent authority to reprogram funds from one 
purpose to another within the same appropriation account; however, 
reprogrammings above an established threshold usually require 15 days 
notification to the cognizant appropriations subcommittees. Third, 
departments may impound funds, that is, withhold funds from obligation. 
Impoundments include both deferrals--the temporary withdrawal of budget 
authority within a fiscal year--and rescissions--a permanent cancellation 
of budget authority. The Impoundment Control Act requires that all 
executive branch impoundments be reported to Congress in a special message 
from the President. Deferrals are effective when proposed and, generally 
speaking, the President may continue to withhold funds throughout the 
fiscal year unless Congress passes legislation disapproving the deferral. A 
deferral may not extend beyond the end of the fiscal year of fund 
availability. If the funds are multi-year, the deferral can be reproposed 
in the next fiscal year. Funds proposed for rescission may be withheld for 
45 days of continuous congressional session. If Congress has not approved 
the rescission during this 45-day period, the President must release the 
funds. The General Accounting Office is responsible for overseeing the 
President's compliance with the Impoundment Control Act and is also 
responsible for monitoring the status of impounded funds.

Finally, a department may request supplemental funding, which must be 
approved by OMB before submitting the request to Congress for its 
consideration. For the most part, departments and agencies are expected to 
manage their funds within available resources with only limited monitoring 
by OMB and Congress during this phase of the budget process.
           Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Appropriations


           Name                  State           Service as Chairman

Lot M. Morrill (R)         Maine          Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 4, 1869.
William Pitt Fessenden (R) Maine          Mar. 4, 1869-Sep. 9, 1869.\1\
Lot M. Morrill (R)         Maine          Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 4, 1871.
Cornelius Cole (R)         California     Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 4, 1873.
Lot M. Morrill (R)         Maine          Mar. 12, 1873-July 7, 1876.\2\
William Windom (R)         Minnesota      Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 4, 1879.
Henry G. Davis (D)         West Virginia  Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 4, 1881.
William B. Allison (R)     Iowa           Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 4, 1893.
Francis M. Cockrell (D)    Missouri       Mar. 15, 1893-Dec. 31, 1895.
William B. Allison (R)     Iowa           Jan. 1, 1896-Aug. 4, 1908.\2\
Eugene Hale (R)            Maine          Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911.
Francis E. Warren (R)      Wyoming        Apr. 28, 1911-Mar. 15, 1913.
Thomas S. Martin (D)       Virginia       Mar. 15, 1913-May 27, 1919.
Francis E. Warren (R)      Wyoming        May 28, 1919-Nov. 24, 1929.\1\
Wesley L. Jones (R)        Washington     Jan. 11, 1930-Nov. 30, 
                                             1932.\1\
Frederick Hale (R)         Maine          Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 8, 1933.
Carter Glass (D)           Virginia       Mar. 9, 1933-May 28, 1946.\1\
Kenneth McKellar (D)       Tennessee      May 31, 1946-Jan. 6, 1947.
Styles Bridges (R)         New Hampshire  Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949.
Kenneth McKellar (D)       Tennessee      Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 3, 1953.
Styles Bridges (R)         New Hampshire  Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 11, 1955.
Carl Hayden (D)            Arizona        Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 3, 1969.
Richard B. Russell (D)     Georgia        Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 21, 
                                             1971.\1\
Allen J. Ellender (D)      Louisiana      Jan. 28, 1971-July 27, 
                                             1972.\1\
John L. McClellan (D)      Arkansas       Aug. 2, 1972-Nov. 28, 1977.\1\
Warren G. Magnuson (D)     Washington     Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 3, 1981.
Mark O. Hatfield (R)       Oregon         Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 6, 1987.
John C. Stennis (D)        Mississippi    Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 3, 1989.
Robert C. Byrd (D)         West Virginia  Jan. 19, 1989-Jan. 4, 1995.
Mark O. Hatfield (R)       Oregon         Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 7, 1997.
Ted Stevens (R)            Alaska         Jan. 7, 1997-Jan. 3, 2001.\3\
Robert C. Byrd (D)         West Virginia  Jan. 3, 2001-Jan. 20, 2001.\3\
           Name                  State           Service as Chairman

Ted Stevens (R)            Alaska         Jan. 20, 2001-June 6, 2001.
Robert C. Byrd (D)         West Virginia  June 6, 2001-Jan. 15, 2003.
Ted Stevens (R)            Alaska         Jan. 15, 2003-Jan. 6, 2005.
Thad Cochran (R)           Mississippi    Jan. 6, 2005-

\1\ Died in office.
\2\ Resigned from Senate.
\3\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the Senate 
was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice President still 
serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President was available to 
break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the Senate for 17 days, 
from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the Senate adopted S. Res. 7 
designating Democratic Senators as committee chairmen to serve during 
this period and Republican chairmen to serve effective at noon on 
January 20, 2001.




                             LOT M. MORRILL

                                of Maine


                    Biographies of Committee Chairmen


                             LOT M. MORRILL

  The first chairman of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, Lot M. 
Morrill, was the first of only two chairmen to serve three times in that 
position and the only one who, after retiring from the Senate, returned 
to fill the post.

  Born in Belgrade, ME in 1813, Morrill attended Waterville (now Colby) 
College, studied law, and moved to Augusta in 1841. He became Governor 
in 1858 after serving in the State senate and was elected as a 
Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1860 to fill a vacancy. On March 7, 
1867, he was appointed chairman of the Appropriations Committee and 
served until March 3, 1869, when he left the Senate to resume his law 
practice. That fall, after the death of William Pitt Fessenden of Maine, 
the second chairman of the Appropriations Committee, Morrill was 
appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy. Once again, he was 
appointed to the committee and again was made chairman--contrary to the 
present practice under which seniority on the committee determines the 
chairmanship. He held the post from December 8, 1869, to March 4, 1871, 
when he left the committee but not the Senate. Morrill returned to the 
committee on December 6, 1872, and once more became chairman on March 
12, 1873, after Cornelius Cole, the third chairman, retired. He remained 
in the position until July 7, 1876, when he resigned to become Secretary 
of the Treasury. From 1877 until his death in 1883, Morrill served as 
collector of customs in Portland, ME.

  His brother, Abson P. Morrill, also from Maine, was a member of the 
U.S. House of Representatives.

   For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 13.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 15.




                         WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN

                                of Maine



                         WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN

  William Pitt Fessenden, a Republican of Maine, succeeded Lot Morrill 
as chairman, although he had not previously served on the committee. He 
occupied that position only from March 16, 1869, until he died on 
September 9, 1869.

  Born in Boscawen, NH, in 1806, Fessenden graduated from Bowdoin 
College in 1827, then studied law and practiced in various cities in 
Maine. After serving in the State house of representatives, he was 
elected to Congress as a Whig in 1841. Declining to become a candidate 
for reelection, he returned to the State house of representatives for 
several years before being elected as a Whig to the U.S. Senate, where 
he served from 1854 to 1864. He then resigned to become Secretary of the 
Treasury in the Cabinet of President Lincoln. In 1865 he was again 
elected to the Senate, this time as a Republican, and remained there 
until his death. He had the unusual distinction of serving in the Senate 
at the same time that his two brothers, also from Maine, were Members of 
the House of Representatives.

   For further reading: Jellison, Charles. Fessenden of Maine: Civil War 
Senator. Syracuse, NY, 1962.
   Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 6.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 7.




                             CORNELIUS COLE

                              of California



                             CORNELIUS COLE

  Cornelius Cole, a Republican from California who had served on the 
committee for 4 years, became chairman on March 10, 1871, holding the 
position until his retirement from the Senate 2 years later.

  Born at Lodi, NY, in 1822, Cole attended Hobart College, and graduated 
from Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, in 1847. After studying and 
practicing law in Cayuga County, he went to California in 1849. There he 
worked a year in the gold mines, practiced law in San Francisco, and 
later moved to Sacramento and Santa Cruz. During the Civil War, he rose 
to the rank of captain in the Union Army. He was elected as a Union 
Republican to Congress in 1863 and to the Senate as a Republican 4 years 
later, serving from 1867 to 1873, when he retired and returned to 
California to practice law. He died in Hollywood in 1924.

   For further reading: Cole, Cornelius. Senator Cornelius Cole and the 
Beginning of Hollywood. Los Angeles, 1980.




                             WILLIAM WINDOM

                              of Minnesota



                             WILLIAM WINDOM

  William Windom, a Republican of Minnesota, who served on the committee 
for the decade from 1871 to 1881, became chairman on December 6, 1876, 
and occupied the position until March 4, 1879.

  Born in Belmont County, OH, in 1827, Windom was educated there. As a 
young lawyer, he moved to Winona, MN, in 1855. Four years later, he was 
elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served until 
1869, when he was appointed to fill a Senate vacancy. Elected to the 
Senate in 1871, he served until March 4, 1881, then resigned to become 
Secretary of the Treasury under President James A. Garfield. After 
Garfield's death later that year, he again ran successfully for the 
Senate to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation and served out 
his term until 1883, when he failed to be reelected. He then moved to 
New York City. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison appointed Windom 
Secretary of the Treasury, and he remained in that post until his death 
in 1891.

   For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 20.
   Salisbury, Robert S. William Windom, Apostle of Positive Government. 
Lanham, MD, 1993.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 23.




                          HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS

                            of West Virginia



                          HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS

  Henry Gassaway Davis, a Democrat of West Virginia, became chairman on 
March 19, 1879, and served in that position until March 4, 1881. The 
first Democratic chairman of Appropriations, he remained on the 
committee from 1873 until his retirement in 1883.

  Born in Woodstock, MD, in 1823, Davis worked successively as a farmer, 
railroader, and businessman, then became a banker, railroad builder, and 
mining executive in West Virginia. After terms in the West Virginia 
Legislature as delegate and senator, he was elected to the U.S. Senate 
in 1871, serving until 1883, when he declined to be a candidate for 
reelection. He then resumed his banking and railroad career. In 1904 he 
ran for Vice President on the unsuccessful Democratic ticket headed by 
Alton B. Parker. He died in 1916. Davis was the father-in-law of Stephen 
B. Elkins, a Senator from West Virginia; the grandfather of Davis 
Elkins, also a Senator from West Virginia; and the brother of Thomas 
Davis, a Representative from West Virginia.

   For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. 
Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 5.
   Ross, Thomas Richard. Henry Gassaway Davis: An Old-Fashioned 
Biography. Parsons, WV, 1994.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 6.




                           WILLIAM B. ALLISON

                                 of Iowa



                           WILLIAM B. ALLISON

  William B. Allison, a Republican of Iowa, was chairman of the 
committee twice, from March 18, 1881, until March 4, 1893, and again 
from January 1, 1896, until his death on August 4, 1908. This combined 
record of more than 24 years exceeds that of any other Senate committee 
chairman. Allison served on the committee for all of his 35 years in the 
Senate.

  Born in Perry Township, Wayne (now Ashland) County, OH, in 1829, 
Allison attended Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, and graduated from 
Western Reserve College at Hudson (now Cleveland), OH. Admitted to the 
bar in 1852, he practiced law in Iowa until 1861, when he accepted a 
commission as lieutenant colonel in the Union Army. In 1863 he was 
elected to the House of Representatives, declining to run again after 
serving four terms. After practicing law in Dubuque for a short period, 
he was elected to the Senate in 1872, serving from March 4, 1873, until 
his death in 1908.

   For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York: 1946. Vol. 1.
   Sage, Leland. William Boyd Allison: A Study in Practical Politics. 
Iowa City, IA, 1956.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 1.




                         FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL

                               of Missouri



                         FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL

  Francis Marion Cockrell, a Democrat from Missouri, became chairman on 
March 15, 1893, and served until December 31, 1895. He remained on the 
committee for 24 years, from 1881 to 1905.

  Born in Johnson County, MO, in 1834, Cockrell graduated from Chapel 
Hill College in Lafayette County, MO, in 1853, then studied and 
practiced law until he volunteered for the Confederate Army. Rising to 
the rank of brigadier general, Cockrell was captured at Fort Blakeley, 
AL, and after being paroled in 1865, returned to the practice of law. He 
served 30 years in the U.S. Senate, from March 4, 1875, to March 3, 
1905. A member of the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1905 to 1910, 
Cockrell, in 1911, became a U.S. commissioner to reestablish the 
boundary line between Texas and New Mexico. He died in 1915.

   For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 4.
   Cockrell, Francis. The Senator from Missouri: The Life and Times of 
Francis Marion Cockrell. New York, 1962.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 5.




                               EUGENE HALE

                                of Maine



                               EUGENE HALE

  Eugene Hale, a Republican of Maine, became chairman on March 22, 1909, 
and served until March 4, 1911. He remained on the committee for all of 
his 30 years in the Senate, from 1881 to 1911.

  Born in Turner, ME, in 1836, Hale was admitted to the bar in 1857. 
After three terms in the State house of representatives, he won election 
to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served from 1869 to 1879. 
Defeated for a sixth House term, Hale ran successfully for the U.S. 
Senate in 1880 and served from March 4, 1881, to March 3, 1911. After 
retiring from the Senate, he became a member of the National Monetary 
Commission. He died in 1918. Eugene Hale was the father of Frederick 
Hale, also a Senator from Maine and chairman of the committee.

   For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. 
Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 8.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 9.




                            FRANCIS E. WARREN

                               of Wyoming



                            FRANCIS E. WARREN

  Francis E. Warren, a Republican of Wyoming, served twice as chairman, 
from April 28, 1911, to March 15, 1913, and again from May 28, 1919, 
until his death on November 24, 1929. He remained a committee member for 
30 years, from 1899 to 1929.

  Born in Hinsdale, MA, in 1844, Warren, who enlisted as a private in 
the Civil War, won the Congressional Medal of Honor for gallantry on the 
battlefield at the siege of Port Hudson. He is the only recipient of 
that award to serve as chairman of the committee. Warren moved to 
Wyoming (then a part of the Territory of Dakota) in 1868, where he 
engaged in various business enterprises in Cheyenne. From 1873 to 1890, 
he held a number of elective and appointive positions, including 
membership in the Territorial senate, of which he became president. 
Twice appointed Governor of the Territory of Wyoming, Warren was elected 
in 1890 as the new State's first Governor. He resigned that same year 
after being elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served until 1893. He 
again won election to the Senate in 1895 and served until his death 34 
years later. Funeral services were held for Warren in the Senate 
chamber.

   For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 19.
   Schulp, Leonard. ``A Taft Republican: Senator Francis E. Warren and 
National Politics.'' Annals of Wyoming 54 (Fall 1982).




                            THOMAS S. MARTIN

                               of Virginia



                            THOMAS S. MARTIN

  Thomas S. Martin, a Democrat from Virginia, became chairman on March 
15, 1913, and held the position until May 27, 1919. He was a committee 
member from 1910 to 1919.

  Born in Scottsville, VA, in 1847, Martin attended the Virginia 
Military Institute at Lexington and the University of Virginia. While he 
was enrolled in the Virginia Military Institute, he served the 
Confederacy with a battalion of cadets. Admitted to the bar in 1869, 
Martin practiced law until his election to the U.S. Senate in 1893, 
where he remained until his death on November 12, 1919. Before becoming 
chairman of the Appropriations Committee, Martin served as chairman of 
the Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia and 
the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine. He chaired the 
Democratic Caucus, 1911-13 and 1917-19.

   For further reading: Holt, Wythe W., Jr. ``The Senator from Virginia 
and the Democratic Floor Leadership: Thomas S. Martin and Conservatism 
in the Progressive Era.'' Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 83 
(January 1975).
   Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. 
New York, 1946. Vol. 12.




                             WESLEY L. JONES

                              of Washington



                             WESLEY L. JONES

  Wesley L. Jones, a Republican from Washington, became chairman on 
January 11, 1930, serving in the post until he died on November 19, 
1932. He was a committee member for 19 years, until 1932.

  Born in Bethany, IL, in 1863, Jones taught school, and graduated from 
Southern Illinois College in 1885. Admitted to the bar the following 
year, Jones moved to North Yakima, WA, in 1889, where he continued the 
practice of law. After spending a decade in the U.S. House of 
Representatives from 1899 to 1909, Jones won election to the U.S. Senate 
in 1908.

   For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. 
American National Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 12.




                             FREDERICK HALE

                                of Maine



                             FREDERICK HALE

  Frederick Hale, a Republican of Maine, served as chairman from 
December 8, 1932, to March 8, 1933, and remained on the committee for 
nearly 22 years, from May 1919 to January 1941.

  Born in Detroit, MI, in 1874, Hale graduated from Harvard University, 
and attended Columbia Law School. He began the practice of law in 
Portland, ME, in 1899, and served briefly in the State house of 
representatives. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1916, he served for more 
than 23 years, from March 4, 1917, to January 2, 1941, when he retired. 
Hale and his father, Eugene Hale, were the only father-son pair to both 
chair the Senate Committee on Appropriations. Hale was also the fourth 
Maine Senator to serve as chairman of the committee, no other State 
having produced more than two chairmen.

   For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American 
Biography. Supplement 7. New York, 1981.




                              CARTER GLASS

                               of Virginia



                              CARTER GLASS

  Carter Glass, a Democrat of Virginia, became chairman on March 9, 
1933, and served for 13 years until he died on May 28, 1946. He was a 
member of the committee for 26 years, from 1920 until his death.

  Born in Lynchburg, VA, in 1858, Glass attended public and private 
schools, then went to work in a printing office, rising to become editor 
and owner of two newspapers. Glass served in the State senate from 1899 
to 1903 before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives, 
where he remained from 1902 to 1918. He then resigned to become 
Secretary of the Treasury, serving until 1920, when he was appointed to 
the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy. Glass spent the rest of his life in 
the Senate. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, Glass served 
as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. 
During the 77th and 78th Congresses, Glass also served as Senate 
President pro tempore.

   For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Edward T. James, eds. 
Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 4, 1974.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 9.




                           KENNETH D. McKELLAR

                              of Tennessee



                           KENNETH D. McKELLAR

  Kenneth D. McKellar, a Democrat from Tennessee, served twice as 
chairman, from May 31, 1946, to January 6, 1947, and again from January 
10, 1949, to January 3, 1953. He was a committee member for almost 30 
years, from December 1923 to January 1953.

  Born in Richmond, AL, in 1869, McKeller graduated from the University 
of Alabama in 1891. Receiving a law degree the following year, he moved 
to Memphis, TN, and commenced the practice of law. Elected to the U.S. 
House of Representatives, he served there from 1911 to 1917, when he was 
elected to the U.S. Senate. He remained in the Senate for 36 years, from 
1917 to 1953. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, McKellar 
served as chairman of the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment 
and the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. During the 79th, 81st, 
and 82d Congresses, McKellar served as Senate President pro tempore. He 
died in 1957.

   For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American 
Biography. Supplement 6. New York, 1980.




                             STYLES BRIDGES

                            of New Hampshire



                             STYLES BRIDGES

  Styles Bridges, a Republican of New Hampshire, served as chairman of 
the committee on two different occasions, first from January 6, 1947, to 
January 10, 1949, and again from January 13, 1953, to January 11, 1955. 
He was a committee member for his entire 24 years in the Senate, from 
1937 until he died on November 26, 1961.

  Born in West Pembroke, ME, in 1898, Bridges graduated from the 
University of Maine in 1918. After a career as teacher, editor, and 
banker, he became Governor of New Hampshire in 1934. He was elected to 
the U.S. Senate in 1936 and, in the course of his Senate service, 
Bridges also chaired the Joint Committee on Foreign Economic 
Cooperation, the Joint Committee on Inaugural Arrangements, and the 
Republican Policy Committee. During the 83d Congress, Bridges was Senate 
President pro tempore.

   For further reading: Garraty, John A., ed. Dictionary of American 
Biography. Supplement 7. New York, 1981.
   Kiepper, James. Styles Bridges: Yankee Senator. Sugar Hill, NH, 2001.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 3.




                               CARL HAYDEN

                               of Arizona



                             CARL T. HAYDEN

  Carl T. Hayden, Democrat of Arizona, was chairman of the committee for 
14 years, from January 11, 1955, until January 3, 1969. He became a 
committee member on December 13, 1927, and remained on the committee 
during all of his almost 42 years in the Senate.

  Born at Hayden's Ferry (now Tempe), AZ, in 1877, Hayden graduated from 
the Normal School of Arizona in 1896 and from Stanford University in 
1900. After engaging in the flour-milling business, he was elected 
treasurer of Maricopa County in 1904 and became sheriff in 1907. With 
Arizona's admission as a State in 1912, Hayden won election to the U.S. 
House of Representatives, serving until 1927. In 1926 he was elected to 
the U.S. Senate, where he remained until January 3, 1969. In the course 
of his Senate service, Hayden also chaired a number of other committees, 
including the Committee on Rules and Administration, the Joint Committee 
on Printing, and the Joint Committee on Inaugural Arrangements. During 
every Congress from the 85th through the 90th, Hayden served as 
President pro tempore of the Senate. His combined service of nearly 57 
years in both the House and Senate is the longest congressional service 
in history. Hayden died in 1972.

   For further reading: Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe and Arnold 
Markoe, eds. Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York, 
1994.
   Rice, Ross R. Carl Hayden: Builder of the American West. Lanham, MD, 
1994.
   August, Jack. Vision in the Desert. Fort Worth, TX, 1999.

   
   

                           RICHARD B. RUSSELL

                               of Georgia



                           RICHARD B. RUSSELL

  A Democrat from Georgia, Richard B. Russell was elected chairman of 
the committee on January 14, 1969, and served in the post until he died 
on January 21, 1971. He was a member of the Appropriations Committee for 
all of his 38 years in the Senate.

  Born in Winder, Barrow County, GA, on November 2, 1897, Russell 
attended the public schools of Georgia and graduated from the Seventh 
District Agricultural and Mechanical School, Powder Springs, GA, in 
1914; from Gordon Institute, Barnesville, GA, in 1915; and from the law 
department of the University of Georgia at Athens in 1918. Russell then 
practiced law, served for 10 years in the State house of 
representatives, and won election as Governor. On January 12, 1933, he 
was elected to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy and served until his 
death. During the 91st and 92d Congresses, he served as President pro 
tempore of the Senate. Russell chaired the Senate Armed Services 
Committee for 16 years from 1951 to 1969, except for the period 1953-55. 
He gave up that position to take the Appropriations chairmanship.

   For further reading: Fite, Gilbert C. Richard B. Russell, Jr., 
Senator from Georgia. Chapel Hill, NC, 1991.
   Goldsmith, John A. Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice, 
Lyndon B. Johnson. Washington, DC, 1993.




                            ALLEN J. ELLENDER

                              of Louisiana



                            ALLEN J. ELLENDER

  Allen J. Ellender, a Democrat from Louisiana, became chairman of the 
committee on January 28, 1971, and served until he died on July 27, 
1972. He was a committee member for 23 years, from 1949 to 1972.

  Born on September 24, 1890, in Montegut, Terrebonne Parish, LA, 
Ellender attended public and private schools, graduated from St. 
Aloysius College, New Orleans, in 1909 and from the law department of 
Tulane University in 1913, then practiced law in Houma, LA. After a 
dozen years in the State house of representatives, Ellender in 1936 won 
election to the U.S. Senate and served there for 35 years until his 
death. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, Ellender served as 
chairman of the Committee on Claims and the Committee on Agriculture and 
Forestry. He also served as President pro tempore of the Senate during 
the 92d Congress.

   For further reading: Becnel, Thomas A. Senator Allen Ellender of 
Louisiana: A Biography. Baton Rouge, LA, 1996.
   Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe, and Arnold Markoe, eds. 
Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York, 1994.




                            JOHN L. McCLELLAN

                               of Arkansas



                            JOHN L. McCLELLAN

  John L. McClellan, a Democrat from Arkansas, who had been on the 
committee for 28 years, became chairman on August 2, 1972, and served 
until he died on November 28, 1977.

  Born in Sheridan, Grant County, AR, on February 25, 1896, McClellan 
studied law and gained admission to the bar in 1913 at the age of 17. He 
then practiced law, served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and 
became prosecuting attorney of the seventh judicial district of Arkansas 
from 1927-30. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1934, he 
served until 1939, then resumed the practice of law until winning 
election to the Senate in 1942. He remained there for 34 years until his 
death. McClellan chaired the Senate Government Operations Committee for 
18 years before becoming Appropriations chairman.

   For further reading: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services Held in the 
Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Together with 
Remarks Presented in Eulogy of John L. McClellan, Late a Senator from 
Arkansas. 95th Cong., 1st sess., Washington, DC, 1978.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 14.




                           WARREN G. MAGNUSON

                              of Washington



                           WARREN G. MAGNUSON

  Warren G. Magnuson, a Democrat from Washington, became chairman on 
January 27, 1978, and served until January 3, 1981. He was a member of 
the committee for 28 years from 1953 until 1981.

  Born in Moorhead, Clay County, MN, on April 12, 1905, Magnuson 
attended the public schools, the University of North Dakota at Grand 
Forks, and North Dakota State College. He graduated from the University 
of Washington in 1926 and from the law school in 1929. After gaining 
admission to the bar that same year, he practiced law in Seattle, WA. 
During the 1930's, Magnuson served as prosecuting attorney for King 
County, WA, as U.S. district attorney, and as a member of the State 
house of representatives. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War 
II, attaining the rank of lieutenant commander. From 1937 to 1944, he 
was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and was then appointed 
to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy. Winning election to the seat, he 
remained in the Senate for 37 years until 1981. For more than 20 years, 
from 1955 to 1978, Magnuson chaired the committee that was variously 
known as Interstate and Foreign Commerce; Commerce; and Commerce, 
Science and Transportation, before becoming chairman of the 
Appropriations Committee. From 1979 to 1981, Magnuson was President pro 
tempore of the Senate. He died on May 20, 1989.

   For further reading: Scates, Shelby. Warren G. Magnuson and the 
Shaping of Twentieth Century America. Seattle, WA, 1997.
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 14.




                            MARK O. HATFIELD

                                of Oregon



                            MARK O. HATFIELD

  Mark O. Hatfield, a Republican from Oregon, served as chairman from 
1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997. He was a member of the 
committee for nearly 25 years from February 1972 to January 1997.

  Born on July 12, 1922, in Dallas, OR, Hatfield graduated from 
Willamette University in 1943 and received an A.M. degree from Stanford 
University in 1948. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy in 
the Pacific as a lieutenant (jg.). From 1949 to 1956, Hatfield taught 
political science at Willamette University, where he also served as dean 
of students. A member of the State house of representatives and later 
the State senate, Hatfield became Secretary of State in 1956. He served 
as Governor of Oregon from 1958 to 1966, then won election to the U.S. 
Senate, where he served for 30 years until his retirement in 1997.

   For further reading: Eels, Robert, and Bartell Nyberg. Lonely Walk: 
The Life of Senator Mark Hatfield. Chappaqua, NY, 1979.
   Hatfield, Mark O. Against the Grain: Reflections of a Rebel 
Republican. Ashland, OR, 2000.




                             JOHN C. STENNIS

                             of Mississippi



                             JOHN C. STENNIS

  John C. Stennis, Democrat from Mississippi, served as chairman from 
1987 to 1989. He was a member of the committee for 34 years from 1955 to 
1989.

  Born in Kemper County, MS, on August 3, 1901, Stennis graduated from 
Mississippi State University in 1923 and received his law degree from 
the University of Virginia Law School in 1928. That same year, he gained 
admission to the bar and won election to the State house of 
representatives. From 1932 to 1937, he served as district prosecuting 
attorney and then for 10 years, from 1937 to 1947, as circuit judge. In 
1947 Stennis won election to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy and 
served for the next 41 years until his retirement in 1989. He chaired 
the Armed Services Committee for 11 years, from 1969 to 1980, and was 
President pro tempore of the Senate from 1987 to 1989. After his 
retirement from the Senate, Stennis moved to the Mississippi State 
University campus in Starkville, which also is the home of the John C. 
Stennis Institute of Government and the Stennis Center for Public 
Service. He died April 23, 1995.

   For further reading: Downs, Michael Scott. ``Advice and Consent: John 
Stennis and the Vietnam War, 1954-1973.'' Journal of Mississippi History 
55 (May 1993).
   Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National 
Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 20.




                             ROBERT C. BYRD

                            of West Virginia



                             ROBERT C. BYRD

  Robert C. Byrd, a Democrat from West Virginia, has served on the 
Appropriations Committee longer than any other Senator in history. He 
joined the committee in 1959, the year he began his Senate career, and 
has remained on the committee for all of his years in the Senate. In 
1989, he became the 29th chairman of the Appropriations Committee, 
serving until 1995. On January 3, 2001, he became the 32d chairman of 
the committee, serving until January 20, 2001,\1\ and on June 6, 2001, 
he became the 34th chairman of the committee. He is the second Senator 
from West Virginia to serve as chairman of the Senate Appropriations 
Committee.\2\

  Born in North Wilkesboro, NC, on November 20, 1917, Byrd attended West 
Virginia public schools and Beckley College, Concord College, Morris 
Harvey College, and Marshall College, all in West Virginia, and George 
Washington University Law School. He graduated from American University 
Law School, cum laude, in 1963. After serving in the West Virginia House 
of Delegates from 1946 to 1950 and in the West Virginia Senate from 1950 
to 1952, Byrd, in 1952, won election to the U.S. House of 
Representatives, where he remained until his election to the U.S. Senate 
in 1958. In the Senate, he has held a series of leadership positions, 
including secretary of the Democratic Conference from 1967 to 1971 and 
majority whip from 1971 to 1977. In 1977 Byrd became Senate Democratic 
leader, a post he held for 12 years, as majority leader from 1977 to 
1981 and again from 1987 to 1989, and as minority leader from 1981 to 
1987. He has served as President pro tempore of the Senate from 1989 to 
1995, January 3 to January 20, 2001, and from June 2001 to January 
2003.\3\ Since January 2003, Senator Byrd has served as President pro 
tempore emeritus of the Senate. He served in more leadership positions 
in the U.S. Senate than any other Senator of any party in Senate 
history. And in May 2001, Senator Byrd received what he considers his 
greatest honor when Governor Bob Wise and the West Virginia Legislature 
presented him with the ``West Virginian of the 20th Century'' award.

   \1\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the 
Senate was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice 
President still serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President 
was available to break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the 
Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the 
Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic Senators as committee 
chairmen to serve during this period and Republican chairmen to serve 
effective at noon on January 20, 2001.
   \2\ The first was Henry Gassaway Davis, who served as chairman from 
1879 to 1881.
   \3\ Democrats controlled the Senate from January 3 to January 20, 
2001, due to the potential tie-breaking vote of Vice President Gore; 
Senator Byrd served during that period. Republicans regained controlled 
of the Senate starting January 20, 2001, due to the potential tie-
breaking vote of Vice President Cheney; at that point, Senator Thurmond 
again became President pro tempore. Both were elected with a single 
resolution on January 3, 2001.

   For further reading: Byrd, Robert C. The Senate, 1789-1989: Addresses 
on the History of the United States Senate. Vol. 2, Washington, DC, 
1991. Chapters 25-28.




                               TED STEVENS

                                of Alaska



                        THEODORE F. (TED) STEVENS

  Ted Stevens, a Republican from Alaska, President pro tempore (January 
2003 to present) served as chairman from January 1997 to January 3, 
2001, and from January 20, 2001 to June 6, 2001.\1\ He became ranking 
member until January 2003-January 2005. He has been chairman or ranking 
member of the Defense Subcommittee since 1981. He has been a member of 
the Appropriations Committee since 1972.

  Born in Indianapolis, IN, on November 18, 1923, Stevens attended 
Oregon State College and Montana State College, and graduated from the 
University of California, Los Angeles, in 1947. He graduated from 
Harvard Law School in 1950 and was admitted to the bar the same year. 
During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He served as 
assistant to the Secretary of the Interior in 1958, and chief counsel, 
Department of the Interior, 1960. After being elected to the Alaska 
House of Representatives in 1964, and reelected in 1966, he was chosen 
to serve as the speaker pro tempore and majority leader of that body. He 
was appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate, December 24, 
1968, and subsequently elected on November 3, 1970, and reelected in 
1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, and 2002. He served as the Senate 
Republican Whip from 1977 to 1985, and as chairman of the Republican 
Senatorial Campaign Committee (1974-77). He is chairman of the Commerce, 
Science and Transportation Committee (1971-79 and 1981 to present); and 
has also served on the Post Office and Civil Service Committee (1969-77) 
which became part of the Governmental Affairs Committee (1977-2003) 
which became the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs 
(2004-present), of which he has served as chairman (1995-96). He also 
served on the Committee on Rules and Administration (1971-72 and 1985 to 
present), of which he was the ranking member from 1987-94. He has also 
served on the Energy and Natural Resources Committee (1979-81), and on 
the following select committees: Small Business (1989-93), Ethics (1983-
85 and 1993), and Intelligence (1993-94).

   \1\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the 
Senate was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice 
President still serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President 
was available to break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the 
Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the 
Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic Senators as committee 
chairmen to serve during this period and Republican chairmen to serve 
effective at noon on January 20, 2001.




                              THAD COCHRAN

                             of Mississippi



                         THAD COCHRAN (Chairman)

  Thad Cochran, Republican Senator from Mississippi, became the 36th 
Chairman on January 6, 2005. He has been a member of the Senate 
Appropriations Committee since 1981.

  Born in Pontotoc, Pontotoc County, Mississippi, December 7, 1937; 
educated in the public schools of Mississippi; graduated with a B.A. 
degree from the University of Mississippi in 1959 and the University of 
Mississippi School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree in 1965; studied 
international law and jurisprudence at Trinity College, University of 
Dublin, Ireland 1963-1964; served as an officer in the United States 
Navy 1959-1961; admitted to the Mississippi bar in 1965 and practiced in 
Jackson with the firm of Watkins & Eager for 7 years; elected to the 
Ninety-third Congress in 1972; re-elected to the Ninety-fourth and 
Ninety-fifth Congress, elected in 1978 to the United States Senate; re-
elected in 1984, 1990, 1996, and 2002. Secretary, Senate Republican 
Conference (1985-1991); chair, Senate Republican Conference (1991-1997); 
chair, Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry (2003-2004); 
member, Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution and Board of 
Visitors of the U.S. Naval Academy.
                       Membership of the Committee

(BY CONGRESS AND SESSION)

(For party affiliations, see sections: ``Members of the Committee by State 
and Term of Service,'' and ``Alphabetical Listings of Members of the 
Committee.''; dashes indicated vacancy)

Fortieth Congress

First session--March 4, 1867-December 2, 1867

Second session--December 2, 1867-November 10, 1868

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

James Guthrie

James W. Grimes

Timothy O. Howe

Henry Wilson

Cornelius Cole

Roscoe Conkling

Third session--December 7, 1868-March 3, 1869

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

Charles R. Buckalew

James W. Grimes

Timothy O. Howe

Henry Wilson

Cornelius Cole

Roscoe Conkling

Forty-first Congress

First session--March 4, 1869-April 10, 1869

Special session--April 12, 1869-April 22, 1869

William Pitt Fessenden, \1\ chairman

John P. Stockton

James W. Grimes

Henry Wilson

Cornelius Cole

William Sprague

Frederick A. Sawyer

\1\ Deceased September 8, 1869.

Second session--December 6, 1869-July 15, 1870

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

John P. Stockton

Henry Wilson

Cornelius Cole

William Sprague

Frederick A. Sawyer

John Pool

Third session--December 5, 1870-March 3, 1871

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

John P. Stockton

Cornelius Cole

George Edmunds

William Sprague

Frederick A. Sawyer

John Pool

Forty-second Congress

First session--March 4, 1871-April 20, 1871

Special session--May 10, 1871-May 27, 1871

Second session--December 4, 1871-June 10, 1872

Cornelius Cole, chairman

John W. Stevenson

William Sprague

Frederick A. Sawyer

George F. Edmunds

William Windom

J. Rodman West

Third session--December 2, 1872-March 3, 1873

Cornelius Cole, chairman

John W. Stevenson

William Sprague

Frederick A. Sawyer

Lot M. Morrill

William Windom

J. Rodman West

Forty-third Congress

Special session--March 4, 1873-March 26, 1873

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

John W. Stevenson

William Sprague

Henry G. Davis

William Windom

J. Rodman West

Adelbert Ames

Aaron A. Sargent

William B. Allison

First session--December 1, 1873-June 23, 1874

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

John W. Stevenson

William Sprague

Henry G. Davis

William Windom

J. Rodman West

Adelbert Ames \1\

Aaron A. Sargent

William B. Allison

Stephen W. Dorsey \2\

\1\ Resigned from Senate January 10, 1874.
\2\ Appointed February 13, 1874.

Second session--December 7, 1874-March 3, 1875

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

John W. Stevenson

William Sprague

Henry G. Davis

William Windom

J. Rodman West

Aaron A. Sargent

William B. Allison

Stephen W. Dorsey

Forty-fourth Congress

Special session--March 5, 1875-March 24, 1875

Lot M. Morrill, chairman

Henry G. Davis

William Windom

William W. Eaton \1\

J. Rodman West

William A. Wallace

Aaron A. Sargent

Robert E. Withers \2\

William B. Allison

Stephen W. Dorsey

\1\ Excused March 19, 1875.
\2\ Appointed March 19, 1875.

First session--December 6, 1875-August 15, 1876

Lot M. Morrill, chairman \1\

Henry G. Davis

William Windom

Robert E. Withers

J. Rodman West

William A. Wallace

Aaron A. Sargent

William B. Allison

Stephen W. Dorsey

\1\ Resigned from Senate July 7, 1876.

Second session--December 4, 1876-March 3, 1877

William Windom, chairman \1\

Henry G. Davis

J. Rodman West

Robert E. Withers

Aaron A. Sargent

William A. Wallace

William B. Allison

Stephen W. Dorsey

James G. Blaine

\1\ Appointed December 6, 1876.

Forty-fifth Congress

Special session--March 5, 1877-March 17, 1877

First session--October 15, 1877-December 3, 1877

Second session--December 3, 1877-June 20, 1878

William Windom, chairman

Henry G. Davis

Aaron A. Sargent

Robert E. Withers

William B. Allison

W.W. Eaton

Stephen W. Dorsey

James B. Beck

James G. Blaine

Third session--December 2, 1878-March 3, 1879

William Windom, chairman

Henry G. Davis

Aaron A. Sargent

Robert E. Withers

William B. Allison

William W. Eaton \1\

Stephen W. Dorsey

James B. Beck

James G. Blaine

William A. Wallace \2\

\1\ Excused December 5, 1878.
\2\ Appointed December 5, 1878.

Forty-sixth Congress

First session--March 18, 1879-July 1, 1879

Second session--December 1, 1879-June 16, 1880

Third session--December 6, 1880-March 3, 1881

Henry G. Davis, chairman

William Windom

Robert E. Withers

William B. Allison

James B. Beck

James G. Blaine

William A. Wallace

Newton Booth

William W. Eaton

Forty-seventh Congress

Special session--March 4, 1881-May 20, 1881

Special session (2)--October 10, 1881-October 29, 1881

First session--December 5, 1881-August 8, 1882

Second session--December 4, 1882-March 3, 1883

William B. Allison, chairman

Henry G. Davis

James G. Blaine \1\

James B. Beck

John A. Logan

Matt W. Ransom

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Eugene Hale

\1\ Resigned from Senate March 5, 1881.

Forty-eighth Congress

First session--December 3, 1883-July 7, 1884

Second session--December 4, 1884-November 3, 1885

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

John A. Logan

Matt W. Ransom

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Forty-ninth Congress

Special session--March 4, 1885-April 2, 1885

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

William Mahone

First session--December 7, 1885-August 5, 1886

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

William Mahone

John A. Logan \1\

\1\ Appointed December 14, 1885.

Second session--December 6, 1886-March 3, 1887

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

William Mahone

John A. Logan \1\

\1\ Deceased December 26, 1886.

Fiftieth Congress

First session--December 5, 1887-October 20, 1888

Second session--December 3, 1888-March 3, 1889

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Charles B. Farwell

Fifty-first Congress

Special session--March 4, 1889-April 2, 1889

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Charles B. Farwell

First session--December 2, 1889-October 1, 1890

William B. Allison, chairman

James B. Beck \1\

Henry L. Dawes

Francis M. Cockrell

Preston B. Plumb

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Charles B. Farwell

Joseph C.S. Blackburn \2\

\1\ Deceased May 3, 1890.
\2\ Appointed May 27, 1890.

Second session--December 1, 1890-March 3, 1891

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Henry L. Dawes

Wilkinson Call

Preston B. Plumb

Arthur P. Gorman

Eugene Hale

Joseph C.S. Blackburn

Charles B. Farwell

Fifty-second Congress

First session--December 7, 1891-August 5, 1892

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Henry L. Dawes

Wilkinson Call

Preston B. Plumb \1\

Arthur P. Gorman

Eugene Hale

Joseph C.S. Blackburn

Shelby M. Cullom

William M. Stewart

\1\ Deceased December 20, 1891.

Second session--December 5, 1892-March 3, 1893

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Henry L. Dawes

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Shelby M. Cullom

Joseph C.S. Blackburn

William M. Stewart

Fifty-third Congress

Special session--March 4, 1893-April 14, 1893

First session--August 7, 1893-November 3, 1893

Second session--December 4, 1893-August 28, 1894

Third session--December 3, 1894-March 3, 1895

Francis M. Cockrell

William B. Allison

Wilkinson Call

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Shelby M. Cullom

Joseph C.S. Blackburn

Henry M. Teller

Calvin S. Brice

Fifty-fourth Congress

First session--December 2, 1895-June 11, 1896

Second session--December 7, 1896-March 3, 1897

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Wilkinson Call

Shelby M. Cullom

Arthur P. Gorman

Henry M. Teller

Joseph C.S. Blackburn

Matthew S. Quay

Calvin S. Brice

Richard F. Pettigrew

Charles J. Faulkner

George C. Perkins

Fifty-fifth Congress

Special session--March 4, 1897-March 10, 1897

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Shelby M. Cullom

Charles J. Faulkner

Henry M. Teller

Matthew S. Quay

Richard F. Pettigrew

George C. Perkins

First session--March 15, 1897-July 24, 1897

Second session--December 6, 1897-July 8, 1898

Third session--December 5, 1898-March 3, 1899

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Arthur P. Gorman

Shelby M. Cullom

Henry M. Teller

Matthew S. Quay

Charles J. Faulkner

George C. Perkins

Richard F. Pettigrew

William J. Sewell

James H. Berry

Edward Murphy, Jr.

Fifty-sixth Congress

First session--December 4, 1899-June 7, 1900

Second session--December 3, 1900-March 3, 1901

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

Richard F. Pettigrew

George C. Perkins

James H. Berry

William J. Sewell

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

George P. Wetmore

Thomas H. Carter

Fifty-seventh Congress

Special session--March 4, 1901-March 9, 1901

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

William J. Sewell

Francis E. Warren

George P. Wetmore

First session--December 2, 1901-July 1, 1902

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

William J. Sewell \1\

John W. Daniel

Francis E. Warren

George P. Wetmore

Matthew S. Quay

James McMillan \2\

\1\ Deceased December 27, 1901.
\2\ Appointed February 7, 1902; deceased August 10, 1902.

Second session--December 1, 1902-March 3, 1903

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

John W. Daniel

George P. Wetmore

Matthew S. Quay

Fifty-eighth Congress

Special session--March 5, 1903-March 19, 1903

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

John W. Daniel

George P. Wetmore

Matthew S. Quay

First session--November 9, 1903-December 7, 1903

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

John W. Daniel

George P. Wetmore

Matthew S. Quay

Jacob H. Gallinger

Second session--December 7, 1903-April 28, 1904

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

John W. Daniel

George P. Wetmore

Matthew S. Quay \1\

Jacob H. Gallinger

\1\ Deceased May 28, 1904.

Third session--December 5, 1904-March 3, 1905

William B. Allison, chairman

Francis M. Cockrell

Eugene Hale

Henry M. Teller

Shelby M. Cullom

James H. Berry

George C. Perkins

Benjamin R. Tillman

Francis E. Warren

John W. Daniel

George P. Wetmore

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

Fifty-ninth Congress

Special session--March 14-18, 1905

William B. Allison, chairman

Henry M. Teller

Eugene Hale

James H. Berry

Shelby M. Cullom

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

John W. Daniel

Francis E. Warren

George P. Wetmore

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

First session--December 4, 1905-June 30, 1906

William B. Allison, chairman

Henry M. Teller

Eugene Hale

James H. Berry

Shelby M. Cullom

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

John W. Daniel

Francis E. Warren

Arthur P. Gorman \1\

George P. Wetmore

Alexander S. Clay \2\

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

\1\ Deceased June 4, 1906.
\2\ Appointed June 21, 1906.

Second session--December 3, 1906-March 3, 1907

William B. Allison, chairman

Henry M. Teller

Eugene Hale

James H. Berry

Shelby M. Cullom

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

John W. Daniel

Francis E. Warren

Alexander S. Clay

George P. Wetmore

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

Sixtieth Congress

First session--December 2, 1907-May 30, 1908

William B. Allison, chairman \1\

Henry M. Teller

Eugene Hale

Benjamin R. Tillman

Shelby M. Cullom

John W. Daniel

George C. Perkins

Alexander S. Clay

Francis E. Warren

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

Redfield Proctor \2\

James A. Hemenway

\1\ Deceased August 4, 1908.
\2\ Deceased March 4, 1908.

Second session--December 7, 1908-March 3, 1909

------ ------

Henry M. Teller

Eugene Hale \1\

Benjamin R. Tillman

Shelby M. Cullom

John W. Daniel

George C. Perkins

Alexander S. Clay

Francis E. Warren

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

James A. Hemenway

------ ------

Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

\1\ Acting chairman.

Sixty-first Congress

Special session--March 4-6, 1909

Eugene Hale, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

Shelby M. Cullom

John W. Daniel

George C. Perkins

Alexander S. Clay

Francis E. Warren

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Stephen B. Elkins

First session--March 15, 1909-August 5, 1909

Eugene Hale, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

John W. Daniel

Francis E. Warren

Alexander S. Clay

Jacob H. Gallinger

Murphy J. Foster

Stephen B. Elkins

Charles A. Culberson

John Kean

Elmer J. Burkett

Charles Curtis

Second session--December 6, 1909-June 25, 1910

Eugene Hale, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

John W. Daniel \1\

Francis E. Warren

Alexander S. Clay \2\

Jacob H. Gallinger

Murphy J. Foster

Stephen B. Elkins

Charles A. Culberson

John Kean

Elmer J. Burkett

Charles Curtis

\1\ Deceased June 29, 1910.
\2\ Deceased November 13, 1910.

Third session--December 5, 1910-March 3, 1911

Eugene Hale, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

Murphy J. Foster

Francis E. Warren

Charles A. Culberson

Jacob H. Gallinger

Thomas S. Martin \2\

Stephen B. Elkins \1\

Lee S. Overman \2\

John Kean

Elmer J. Burkett

Charles Curtis

\1\ Deceased January 4, 1911.
\2\ Appointed December 8, 1910.

Sixty-second Congress

First session--April 4, 1911-August 22, 1911

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

Thomas S. Martin

Robert J. Gamble

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

George S. Nixon

John Walter Smith

Joseph M. Dixon

Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

George P. Wetmore

Second session--December 4, 1911-August 26, 1912

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

Thomas S. Martin

Robert J. Gamble

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

George S. Nixon \1\

John Walter Smith

Joseph M. Dixon

Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

George P. Wetmore

George T. Oliver \2\

\1\ Deceased June 5, 1912.
\2\ Appointed August 8, 1912.

Third session--December 2, 1912-March 3, 1913

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Benjamin R. Tillman

George C. Perkins

Murphy J. Foster

Jacob H. Gallinger

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

Thomas S. Martin

Robert J. Gamble

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Joseph M. Dixon

John Walter Smith

Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

George P. Wetmore

George T. Oliver

Sixty-third Congress

Special session--March 4, 1913-March 17, 1913

First session--April 7, 1913-December 1, 1913

Second session--December 1, 1913-October 24, 1914

Third session--December 7, 1914-March 3, 1915

Thomas S. Martin, chairman

Francis E. Warren

Lee S. Overman

George C. Perkins

Robert L. Owen

Jacob H. Gallinger

John Walter Smith

Reed Smoot

George E. Chamberlain

George T. Oliver

Luke Lea

William P. Dillingham

Nathan P. Bryan

Wesley L. Jones

John F. Shafroth

Benjamin R. Tillman

Charles A. Culberson

Sixty-fourth Congress

First session--December 6, 1915-September 8, 1916

Second session--December 4, 1916-March 3, 1917

Thomas S. Martin, chairman

Francis E. Warren

Lee S. Overman

Jacob H. Gallinger

Robert L. Owen

Reed Smoot

John Walter Smith

George T. Oliver

George E. Chamberlain

William P. Dillingham

Luke Lea

Wesley L. Jones

Nathan P. Bryan

Charles E. Townsend

John F. Shafroth

Charles Curtis

Benjamin R. Tillman

Charles A. Culberson

Oscar W. Underwood

Joseph T. Robinson

Sixty-fifth Congress

Special session--March 5-16, 1917

First session, April 2, 1917-October 6, 1917

Thomas S. Martin, chairman

Francis E. Warren

Lee S. Overman

Jacob H. Gallinger

Robert L. Owen

Reed Smoot

John Walter Smith

William P. Dillingham

George E. Chamberlain

Wesley L. Jones

John F. Shafroth

Charles Curtis

Benjamin R. Tillman

William S. Kenyon

Charles A. Culberson

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Oscar W. Underwood

Joseph T. Robinson

Marcus A. Smith

Thomas W. Hardwick

Second session--December 3, 1917-November 21, 1918

Thomas S. Martin, chairman

Francis E. Warren

Lee S. Overman

Jacob H. Gallinger \4\

Robert L. Owen

Reed Smoot

John Walter Smith

William P. Dillingham \5\

George E. Chamberlain

Wesley L. Jones

John F. Shafroth

Charles Curtis

Benjamin R. Tillman \1\

William S. Kenyon

Charles A. Culberson

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Oscar W. Underwood

John W. Weeks \6\

Joseph T. Robinson \2\

William M. Calder \6\

Marcus A. Smith

Thomas W. Hardwick

Christie Benet \3\

\1\ Deceased July 3, 1918.
\2\ Resigned from committee September 9, 1918.
\3\ Appointed July 11, 1918. Left Senate November 5, 1918.
\4\ Deceased August 17, 1918.
\5\ Resigned from committee September 3, 1918.
\6\ Appointed September 3, 1918.

Third session--December 2, 1918-March 3, 1919

Thomas S. Martin, chairman

Francis E. Warren

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

John Walter Smith

Charles Curtis

George E. Chamberlain

William S. Kenyon

John F. Shafroth

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Charles A. Culberson

John W. Weeks

Oscar W. Underwood

William M. Calder

Marcus A. Smith

Thomas W. Hardwick

William P. Pollock \1\

Edward J. Gay \1\

\1\ Appointed December 3, 1918.

Sixty-sixth Congress

First session--May 19, 1919-November 19, 1919

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Thomas S. Martin \1\

Reed Smoot

Lee S. Overman

Wesley L. Jones

Robert L. Owen

Charles Curtis

John Walter Smith

William S. Kenyon

Charles A. Culberson

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Oscar W. Underwood

Alse J. Gronna

Marcus A. Smith

Frederick Hale

Edward J. Gay

Selden P. Spencer

William J. Harris

Lawrence C. Phipps

Truman M. Newberry

\1\ Deceased November 12, 1919.

Second session--December 1, 1919-June 3, 1920

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

John Walter Smith

Charles Curtis

Charles A. Culberson

William S. Kenyon

Oscar W. Underwood \1\

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Marcus A. Smith

Alse J. Gronna

Edward J. Gay

Frederick Hale

William J. Harris

Selden P. Spencer

Carter Glass \2\

Lawrence C. Phipps

Andrieus A. Jones \3\

Truman M. Newberry

\1\ Resigned from committee June 4, 1920.
\2\ Appointed February 14, 1920.
\3\ Appointed June 4, 1920.

Third session--December 6, 1920-March 3, 1921

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

John Walter Smith

Charles Curtis

Charles A. Culberson

William S. Kenyon

Marcus A. Smith

Lawrence Y. Sherman

Edward J. Gay

Alse J. Gronna

William J. Harris

Frederick Hale

Carter Glass

Selden P. Spencer

Andrieus A. Jones

Lawrence C. Phipps

Truman M. Newberry

Sixty-seventh Congress

Special session--March 4-15, 1921

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

William J. Harris

William S. Kenyon

Carter Glass

Frederick Hale

Andrieus A. Jones

Selden P. Spencer

Lawrence C. Phipps

Truman M. Newberry

First session--April 11, 1921-November 23, 1921

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

William J. Harris

William S. Kenyon

Carter Glass

Frederick Hale

Andrieus A. Jones

Selden P. Spencer

Lawrence C. Phipps

Truman M. Newberry

William B. McKinley

Second session--December 5, 1921-September 22, 1922

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

William J. Harris

William S. Kenyon \1\

Carter Glass

Frederick Hale

Andrieus A. Jones

Selden P. Spencer

Lawrence C. Phipps

Truman M. Newberry \2\

William B. McKinley

Irvine L. Lenroot \3\

\1\ Resigned February 24, 1922.
\2\ Resigned November 18, 1922.
\3\ Appointed March 21, 1922.

Third session--November 20, 1922-December 4, 1922

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

William J. Harris

Frederick Hale

Carter Glass

Selden P. Spencer

Andrieus A. Jones

Lawrence C. Phipps

William B. McKinley

Irvine L. Lenroot

Fourth session--December 4, 1922-March 3, 1923

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

Robert L. Owen

Wesley L. Jones

Charles A. Culberson

Charles Curtis

William J. Harris

Frederick Hale

Carter Glass

Selden P. Spencer

Andrieus A. Jones

Lawrence C. Phipps

William B. McKinley

Irvine L. Lenroot

Henry W. Keyes \1\

\1\ Appointed December 5, 1922.

Sixty-eighth Congress

First session--December 3, 1923-June 7, 1924

Second session--December 1, 1924-March 3, 1925

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis

Andrieus A. Jones

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Selden P. Spencer

Edwin S. Broussard

Lawrence C. Phipps

Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

William B. McKinley

Matthew M. Neely

Irvine L. Lenroot

Henry W. Keyes

Sixty-ninth Congress

Special session--March 4, 1925-March 17, 1925

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis

Andrieus A. Jones

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Selden P. Spencer \1\

Edwin S. Broussard

Lawrence C. Phipps

Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

William B. McKinley

John B. Kendrick

Irvine L. Lenroot

Henry W. Keyes

\1\ Deceased May 16, 1925.

First session--December 7, 1925-July 3, 1926; November 10, 1926

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis

Andrieus A. Jones

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Lawrence C. Phipps

Edwin S. Broussard

William B. McKinley

Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

Irvine L. Lenroot

John B. Kendrick

Henry W. Keyes

Ralph H. Cameron \1\

\1\ Appointed December 15, 1925.

Second session--December 6, 1926-March 3, 1927

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis

Andrieus A. Jones

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Lawrence C. Phipps

Edwin S. Broussard

William B. McKinley \1\

Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

Irvine L. Lenroot

John B. Kendrick

Henry W. Keyes

Ralph H. Cameron

Hiram Bingham \2\

\1\ Deceased December 7, 1926.
\2\ Appointed December 14, 1926.

Seventieth Congress

First session--December 5, 1927-May 29, 1928

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis

Andrieus A. Jones \1\

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Lawrence C. Phipps

Edwin S. Broussard

Henry W. Keyes

John B. Kendrick

Hiram Bingham

Royal S. Copeland

Tasker L. Oddie

Carl T. Hayden

Gerald P. Nye

Sam G. Bratton \2\

\1\ Deceased December 20, 1927.
\2\ Appointed January 5, 1928.

Second session--December 3, 1928-March 3, 1929

Francis E. Warren, chairman

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Charles Curtis \1\

Kenneth McKellar

Frederick Hale

Edwin S. Broussard

Lawrence C. Phipps

John B. Kendrick

Henry W. Keyes

Royal S. Copeland

Hiram Bingham

Carl T. Hayden

Tasker L. Oddie

Sam G. Bratton

Gerald P. Nye

\1\ Resigned March 3, 1929.

Seventy-first Congress

Special session (1)--March 4, 1929-March 5, 1929

(Membership of the existing committee of the 70th Congress was not 
altered.)

First session--April 15, 1929-November 22, 1929

Francis E. Warren, chairman \1\

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Wesley L. Jones

Carter Glass

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Lawrence C. Phipps

Edwin S. Broussard

Henry W. Keyes

John B. Kendrick

Hiram Bingham

Royal S. Copeland

Tasker L. Oddie

Carl T. Hayden

Gerald P. Nye

Sam G. Bratton

W.B. Pine

Otis F. Glenn

\1\ Deceased November 24, 1929.

Second session--December 2, 1929-July 3, 1930

Special session (2)--July 7, 1930-July 21, 1930

Wesley L. Jones, chairman \1\

Lee S. Overman

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Frederick Hale

Carter Glass

Lawrence C. Phipps

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Edwin S. Broussard

Hiram Bingham

John B. Kendrick

Tasker L. Oddie

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

W.B. Pine

Sam G. Bratton

Otis F. Glenn

Frederick Steiwer \2\

\1\ Elected chairman January 11, 1930.
\2\ Elected January 11, 1930.

Third session--December 1, 1930-March 3, 1931

Wesley L. Jones, chairman

Lee S. Overman \1\

Reed Smoot

William J. Harris

Frederick Hale

Carter Glass

Lawrence C. Phipps

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Edwin S. Broussard

Hiram Bingham

John B. Kendrick

Tasker L. Oddie

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

W.B. Pine

Sam G. Bratton

Otis F. Glenn

Cameron A. Morrison \2\

Frederick Steiwer

\1\ Deceased December 12, 1930.
\2\ Appointed January 6, 1931.

Seventy-second Congress

First session--December 7, 1931-July 16, 1932

Wesley L. Jones, chairman \1\

William J. Harris \2\

Reed Smoot

Carter Glass

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Edwin S. Broussard

Hiram Bingham

John B. Kendrick

Tasker L. Oddie

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

Frederick Steiwer

Sam G. Bratton

Peter Norbeck

Cameron A. Morrison \3\

Porter H. Dale

Elmer Thomas

James J. Davis

James F. Byrnes

L.J. Dickinson

John S. Cohen \4\

\1\ Deceased November 19, 1932.
\2\ Deceased April 18, 1932.
\3\ Left Senate December 4, 1932.
\4\ Appointed April 28, 1932.

Second session--December 5, 1932-March 3, 1933

Frederick Hale, chairman \1\

Carter Glass

Reed Smoot

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Edwin S. Broussard

Hiram Bingham

John B. Kendrick

Tasker L. Oddie

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

Frederick Steiwer

Sam G. Bratton

Peter Norbeck

Elmer Thomas

Porter H. Dale

James F. Byrnes

James J. Davis

John S. Cohen \3\

L.J. Dickinson

Millard E. Tydings \4\

Elijah S. Grammer \2\

Richard B. Russell, Jr. \5\

\1\ Appointed chairman December 8, 1932.
\2\ Appointed December 8, 1932.
\3\ Served until January 11, 1933.
\4\ Appointed December 6, 1932.
\5\ Appointed January 12, 1933.

Seventy-third Congress

Special session--March 4, 1933-March 6, 1933

(Membership of the existing committee of the 72d Congress was not altered.)

First session--March 9, 1933-June 15, 1933

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

John B. Kendrick \1\

Gerald P. Nye

Royal S. Copeland

Frederick Steiwer

Carl T. Hayden

Peter Norbeck

Sam G. Bratton \2\

Porter H. Dale \3\

Elmer Thomas

L.J. Dickinson

James F. Byrnes

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Millard E. Tydings

Robert D. Carey

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Marcus A. Coolidge

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

\1\ Deceased November 3, 1933.
\2\ Resigned from the Senate June 24, 1933.
\3\ Deceased october 6, 1933.

Second session--January 3, 1934-June 18, 1934

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

Frederick Steiwer

Elmer Thomas

Peter Norbeck

James F. Byrnes

L.J. Dickinson

Millard E. Tydings

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Robert D. Carey

Marcus A. Coolidge

Roscoe C. Patterson \2\

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II \1\

Joseph C. O'Mahoney \1\

\1\ Appointed January 4, 1934.
\2\ Appointed January 17, 1934.

Seventy-fourth Congress

First session--January 3, 1935-August 26, 1935

Second session--January 3, 1936-June 20, 1936

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Henry W. Keyes

Royal S. Copeland

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

Frederick Steiwer

Elmer Thomas

Peter Norbeck

James F. Byrnes

L J. Dickinson

Millard E. Tydings

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Robert D. Carey

Marcus A. Coolidge

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

William Gibbs McAdoo

Harry S. Truman

Seventy-fifth Congress

First session--January 5, 1937-August 21, 1937

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Gerald P. Nye

Royal S. Copeland

Frederick Steiwer

Carl T. Hayden

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Styles Bridges \1\

James F. Byrnes

Millard E. Tydings

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

William Gibbs McAdoo

Harry S. Truman

F. Ryan Duffy \1\

Edward R. Burke \1\

Herbert E. Hitchcock \1\

Theodore F. Green \1\

\1\ Elected January 8, 1937.

Second session--November 15, 1937-December 21, 1937

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Gerald P. Nye

Royal S. Copeland

Frederick Steiwer

Carl T. Hayden

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Styles Bridges

James F. Byrnes

Millard E. Tydings

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

William Gibbs McAdoo

Harry S. Truman

F. Ryan Duffy

Edward R. Burke

Herbert E. Hitchcock

Theodore F. Green

Third session--January 3, 1938-June 16, 1938

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Gerald P. Nye

Royal S. Copeland \1\

Frederick Steiwer \2\

Carl T. Hayden

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Styles Bridges

James F. Byrnes

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.\3\

Millard E. Tydings

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

William Gibbs McAdoo

Harry S. Truman

F. Ryan Duffy

Edward R. Burke

Herbert E. Hitchcock

Theodore F. Green

\1\ Deceased June 17, 1938.
\2\ Resigned from Senate January 31, 1938.
\3\ Appointed February 16, 1938.

Seventy-sixth Congress

First session--January 3, 1939-August 5, 1939

Second session--September 21, 1939-November 3, 1939

Third session--January 3, 1940-January 3, 1941

Carter Glass, chairman

Frederick Hale

Kenneth McKellar

Gerald P. Nye

Carl T. Hayden

John G. Townsend, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Styles Bridges

James F. Byrnes

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

Millard E. Tydings

Rufus C. Holman \1\

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Robert A. Taft \1\

Alva B. Adams

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Harry S. Truman

Edward R. Burke

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney \1\

Dennis Chavez \1\

\1\ Elected January 10, 1939.

Seventy-seventh Congress

First session--January 3, 1941-January 2, 1942

Carter Glass, chairman

Gerald P. Nye

Kenneth McKellar

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Rufus C. Holman

James F. Byrnes \1\

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Millard E. Tydings

Chan Gurney

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

C. Wayland Brooks

Alva B. Adams \2\

Patrick A. McCarran

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Harry S. Truman

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney

Dennis Chavez

Alva M. Lumpkin \3\ \4\

Roger C. Peace \5\

James M. Mead \6\

Wall Doxey \6\

Burnet R. Maybank \6\

\1\ Resigned July 8, 1941.
\2\ Deceased December 1, 1941.
\3\ Elected to Committee July 31, 1941.
\4\ Deceased August 1, 1941.
\5\ Elected to Committee August 7, 1941.
\6\ Elected on December 15, 1941.

Second session--January 5, 1942-December 16, 1942

Carter Glass, chairman

Gerald P. Nye

Kenneth McKellar

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Rufus C. Holman

Millard E. Tydings

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Richard B. Russell

Chan Gurney

Patrick A. McCarran

C. Wayland Brooks

John H. Overton

John H. Bankhead II

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Harry S. Truman

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney

Dennis Chavez

James M. Mead

Wall Doxey

Burnet R. Maybank

Seventy-eighth Congress

First session--January 6, 1943-December 21, 1943

Carter Glass, chairman

Gerald P. Nye

Kenneth McKellar

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

Elmer Thomas

Rufus C. Holman

Millard E. Tydings

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Richard B. Russell

Chan Gurney

Patrick A. McCarran

C. Wayland Brooks

John H. Overton

Clyde M. Reed

John H. Bankhead II

Harold H. Burton

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Harry S. Truman

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney

Dennis Chavez

James M. Mead

Burnet R. Maybank

Second session--January 10, 1944-December 19, 1944

Carter Glass, chairman

Gerald P. Nye

Kenneth McKellar

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. \1\

Elmer Thomas

Rufus C. Holman

Millard E. Tydings

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Richard B. Russell

Chan Gurney

Patrick A. McCarran

C. Wayland Brooks

John H. Overton

Clyde M. Reed

John H. Bankhead II

Harold H. Burton

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Joseph H. Ball \2\

Harry S. Truman

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney

Dennis Chavez

James M. Mead

Burnet R. Maybank

\1\ Resigned February 4, 1944.
\2\ Elected to Committee February 21, 1944.

Seventy-ninth Congress

First session--January 3, 1945-December 21, 1945

Carter Glass, chairman

Styles Bridges

Kenneth McKellar

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Carl T. Hayden

Chan Gurney

Elmer Thomas

C. Wayland Brooks

Millard E. Tydings

Clyde M. Reed

Richard B. Russell

Harold H. Burton \4\

Patrick A. McCarran

Joseph H. Ball

John H. Overton

Raymond E. Willis

John H. Bankhead II

Homer Ferguson

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Kenneth S. Wherry \5\

Harry S. Truman \1\

------ ------

Theodore F. Green

Francis T. Maloney \2\

Dennis Chavez

James M. Mead

Burnet R. Maybank

Abe Murdock \3\

\1\ Resigned January 18, 1945.
\2\ Deceased January 16, 1945.
\3\ Elected to Committee February 28, 1945.
\4\ Resigned September 30, 1945.
\5\ Elected to Committee January 18, 1945.

Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

Second session--January 14, 1946-August 2, 1946

Carter Glass, chairman \1\

Styles Bridges

Kenneth McKellar, chairman \2\

Wallace H. White, Jr.

Carl T. Hayden

Chan Gurney

Elmer Thomas

C. Wayland Brooks

Millard E. Tydings

Clyde M. Reed

Richard B. Russell

Joseph H. Ball

Patrick A. McCarran

Raymond E. Willis

John H. Overton

Homer Ferguson

John H. Bankhead II \3\

Kenneth S. Wherry

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Guy Cordon \4\

Theodore F. Green

Dennis Chavez

James M. Mead

Burnet R. Maybank

Abe Murdock

------ ------

------ ------

\1\ Deceased May 28, 1946.
\2\ Appointed chairman May 31, 1946.
\3\ Deceased June 12, 1946.
\4\ Elected to Committee December 18, 1945.

Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

Eightieth Congress

First session--January 3, 1947-December 19, 1947

[Appointed to Committee by S. Res. 18, agreed to January 6, 1947.]

Styles Bridges, chairman

Kenneth McKellar

Chan Gurney

Carl T. Hayden

C. Wayland Brooks

Elmer Thomas

Clyde M. Reed

Millard E. Tydings

Joseph H. Ball

Richard B. Russell

Homer Ferguson

Patrick A. McCarran

Kenneth S. Wherry

John H. Overton

Guy Cordon

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Leverett Saltonstall

Theodore Francis Green

Milton R. Young

William F. Knowland

Henry C. Dworshak

Second session--January 6, 1948-December 31, 1948

Styles Bridges, chairman

Kenneth McKellar

Chan Gurney

Carl T. Hayden

C. Wayland Brooks

Elmer Thomas

Clyde M. Reed

Millard E. Tydings

Joseph H. Ball

Richard B. Russell

Homer Ferguson

Patrick A. McCarran

Kenneth S. Wherry

John H. Overton \1\

Guy Cordon

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Leverett Saltonstall

Theodore Francis Green

Milton R. Young

Dennis Chavez \2\

William F. Knowland

Henry C. Dworshak

\1\ Deceased May 14, 1948.
\2\ Appointed May 26, 1948.

Eighty-first Congress

First session--January 3, 1949-October 19, 1949

Kenneth McKellar, chairman

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Chan Gurney

Elmer Thomas

Clyde M. Reed \2\

Richard B. Russell, Jr.

Homer Ferguson

Patrick A. McCarran

Kenneth S. Wherry

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Guy Cordon

Dennis Chavez

Leverett Saltonstall

Burnet R. Maybank

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

William F. Knowland \3\

J. Lister Hill



Harley M. Kilgore

John L. McClellan

A. Willis Robertson \1\

\1\ Excused from further service July 26, 1949.
\2\ Deceased November 8, 1949.
\3\ Appointed July 26, 1949.

Second session--January 3, 1950-January 2, 1951

Kenneth McKellar, chairman

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Chan Gurney

Elmer Thomas

Homer Ferguson

Richard B. Russell

Kenneth S. Wherry

Patrick A. McCarran

Guy Cordon

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Burnet R. Maybank

William F. Knowland

Allen J. Ellender

J. Lister Hill

Harley M. Kilgore

John L. McClellan

A. Willis Robertson \1\

\1\ Appointed January 12, 1950.

Eighty-second Congress

First session--January 3, 1951-October 20, 1951 \1\

Kenneth McKellar, chairman

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Homer Ferguson

Richard B. Russell

Kenneth S. Wherry

Patrick A. McCarran

Guy Cordon

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Burnet R. Maybank

William F. Knowland

Allen J. Ellender

Edward J. Thye

J. Lister Hill

Zales N. Ecton

Harley M. Kilgore

Joseph R. McCarthy \3\

John L. McClellan

A. Willis Robertson \2\

\1\ Order naming Committee agreed to January 15, 1951.
\2\ Assigned to service on Committee May 21, 1951.
\3\ Excused from further service May 21, 1951.

Second session--January 8, 1952-July 1, 1952

Kenneth McKellar, chairman

Styles Bridges

Carl T. Hayden

Homer Ferguson

Richard B. Russell

Guy Cordon

Patrick A. McCarran

Leverett Saltonstall

Joseph C. O'Mahoney

Milton R. Young

Dennis Chavez

William F. Knowland

Burnet R. Maybank

Edward J. Thye

Allen J. Ellender

Zales N. Ecton

J. Lister Hill

Joseph R. McCarthy

Harley M. Kilgore

John L. McClellan

A. Willis Robertson

Eighty-third Congress

First session--January 3, 1953-August 3, 1953 \1\

Styles Bridges, chairman

Carl T. Hayden

Homer Ferguson

Richard B. Russell

Guy Cordon

Patrick A. McCarran

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Burnet R. Maybank

William F. Knowland

Allen J. Ellender

Edward J. Thye

J. Lister Hill

Joseph R. McCarthy

Harley M. Kilgore

Karl E. Mundt

John L. McClellan

Margaret Chase Smith

A. Willis Robertson

Henry C. Dworshak

Warren G. Magnuson

Everett M. Dirksen

\1\ Appointed January 13, 1953.

Second session--January 6, 1954-December 2, 1954

Styles Bridges, chairman

Carl T. Hayden

Homer Ferguson

Richard B. Russell

Guy Cordon

Patrick A. McCarran \1\

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Burnet R. Maybank \2\

William F. Knowland

Allen J. Ellender

Edward J. Thye

J. Lister Hill

Joseph R. McCarthy

Harley M. Kilgore

Karl E. Mundt

John L. McClellan

Margaret Chase Smith

A. Willis Robertson

Henry C. Dworshak

Warren G. Magnuson

Everett M. Dirksen

\1\ Deceased September 28, 1954.
\2\ Deceased September 1, 1954.

Eighty-fourth Congress

First session--January 5, 1955-August 2, 1955 \1\

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

William F. Knowland

J. Lister Hill

Edward J. Thye

Harley M. Kilgore

Joseph R. McCarthy

John L. McClellan

Karl E. Mundt

A. Willis Robertson

Margaret Chase Smith

Warren G. Magnuson

Henry C. Dworshak

Spessard L. Holland

Everett M. Dirksen

John C. Stennis

Charles E. Potter

Earle C. Clements

\1\ Appointed January 11, 1955.

Second session--January 3, 1956-July 27, 1956

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

William F. Knowland

J. Lister Hill

Edward J. Thye

Harley M. Kilgore \1\

Joseph R. McCarthy

John L. McClellan

Karl E. Mundt

A. Willis Robertson

Margaret Chase Smith

Warren G. Magnuson

Henry C. Dworshak

Spessard L. Holland

Everett M. Dirksen

John C. Stennis

Charles E. Potter

Earle C. Clements

Lyndon B. Johnson \2\

\1\ Deceased February 28, 1956.
\2\ Appointed March 22, 1956.

Eighty-fifth Congress

First session--January 3, 1957-August 30, 1957 \1\

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

William F. Knowland

J. Lister Hill

Edward J. Thye

John L. McClellan

Joseph R. McCarthy \2\

A. Willis Robertson

Karl E. Mundt

Warren G. Magnuson

Margaret Chase Smith

Spessard L. Holland

Henry C. Dworshak

John C. Stennis

Everett M. Dirksen

Lyndon B. Johnson

Charles E. Potter

John O. Pastore

Irving M. Ives \3\

\1\ Appointed January 9, 1957.
\2\ Deceased May 2, 1957.
\3\ Appointed May 22, 1957.

Second session--January 7, 1958-August 24, 1958

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

William F. Knowland

J. Lister Hill

Edward J. Thye

John L. McClellan

Karl E. Mundt

A. Willis Robertson

Margaret Chase Smith

Warren G. Magnuson

Henry C. Dworshak

Spessard L. Holland

Everett M. Dirksen

John C. Stennis

Charles E. Potter

Lyndon B. Johnson

Irving M. Ives

John O. Pastore

Eighty-sixth Congress

First session--January 7, 1959-September 15, 1959

Second session--January 6, 1960-September 1, 1960

Committee membership (majority)--January 14, 1959

Committee membership (minority)--January 20, 1959

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

J. Lister Hill

Margaret Chase Smith

John L. McClellan

Henry Dworshak

A. Willis Robertson

Thomas H. Kuchel

Warren G. Magnuson

Roman L. Hruska

Spessard L. Holland

Gordon L. Allott

John C. Stennis

Lyndon B. Johnson

John O. Pastore

Estes Kefauver

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Thomas J. Dodd

Gale W. McGee

Eighty-seventh Congress

First session--January 3, 1961-September 27, 1961

Committee membership (majority)--January 10, 1961

Committee membership (minority)--January 13, 1961

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Styles Bridges 1

Richard B. Russell

Leverett Saltonstall

Dennis Chavez

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

J. Lister Hill

Margaret Chase Smith

John L. McClellan

Henry Dworshak

A. Willis Robertson

Thomas H. Kuchel

Warren G. Magnuson

Roman L. Hruska

Spessard L. Holland

Gordon L. Allott

John C. Stennis

Andrew F. Schoeppel

John O. Pastore

Estes Kefauver

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Hubert H. Humphrey

\1\ Deceased November 26, 1961.

Second session--January 10, 1962-October 13, 1962

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Leverett Saltonstall

Richard B. Russell

Milton R. Young

Dennis Chavez \1\

Karl E. Mundt

Allen J. Ellender

Margaret Chase Smith

J. Lister Hill

Henry Dworshak \2\

John L. McClellan

Thomas H. Kuchel

A. Willis Robertson

Roman L. Hruska

Warren G. Magnuson

Gordon L. Allott

Spessard L. Holland

Andrew F. Schoeppel \3\

John C. Stennis

Norris H. Cotton \4\

John O. Pastore

Clifford P. Case \4\

Estes Kefauver

Jacob K. Javits \5\

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Hubert H. Humphrey

\1\ Deceased November 18, 1962.
\2\ Deceased July 23, 1962.
\3\ Deceased January 21, 1962.
\4\ Appointed February 2, 1962.
\5\ Appointed August 8, 1962.
Membership increased for the majority (S. Res. 90, 88th, 1st).

Eighty-eighth Congress

First session--January 9, 1963-December 30, 1963

Committee membership (majority)--January 10, 1961

Committee membership (minority)--January 13, 1961

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Leverett Saltonstall

Richard B. Russell

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

J. Lister Hill

Margaret Chase Smith

John L. McClellan

Thomas H. Kuchel

A. Willis Robertson

Roman L. Hruska

Warren G. Magnuson

Gordon L. Allott

Spessard L. Holland

Norris H. Cotton

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

John O. Pastore

Estes Kefauver \1\

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Hubert H. Humphrey

Michael J. Mansfield

E.L. Bartlett

William Proxmire \2\

\1\ Deceased August 10, 1963.
\2\ Appointed August 23, 1963.

Second session--January 7, 1964-October 3, 1964

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Leverett Saltonstall

Richard B. Russell

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

J. Lister Hill

Margaret Chase Smith

John L. McClellan

Thomas H. Kuchel

A. Willis Robertson

Roman L. Hruska

Warren G. Magnuson

Gordon L. Allott

Spessard L. Holland

Norris H. Cotton

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

John O. Pastore

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Hubert H. Humphrey \1\

Michael J. Mansfield

E.L. Bartlett

William Proxmire

\1\ Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey resigned from the Senate December 
29, 1964.

Eighty-ninth Congress

First session--January 4, 1965-October 23, 1965

Second session--January 10, 1966-October 22, 1966

Committee membership (majority)--January 8, 1965

Committee membership (minority)--January 15, 1965

Carl T. Hayden, chairman

Leverett Saltonstall

Richard B. Russell

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

J. Lister Hill

Margaret Chase Smith

John L. McClellan

Thomas H. Kuchel

A. Willis Robertson

Roman L. Hruska

Warren G. Magnuson

Gordon L. Allott

Spessard L. Holland

Norris H. Cotton

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

John O. Pastore

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Michael J. Mansfield

E.L. Bartlett

William Proxmire

Ralph Yarborough

Ninetieth Congress

First session--January 10, 1967-December 15, 1967

Second session--January 15, 1968-October 14, 1968

Committee membership (majority)--January 11, 1967

Committee membership (minority)--January 16, 1967

Carl Hayden, chairman

Milton R. Young

Richard B. Russell

Karl E. Mundt

Allen J. Ellender

Margaret Chase Smith

J. Lister Hill

Thomas H. Kuchel

John L. McClellan

Roman L. Hruska

Warren G. Magnuson

Gordon L. Allott

Spessard L. Holland

Norris H. Cotton

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

John O. Pastore

Jacob K. Javits

A.S. Mike Monroney

Alan H. Bible

Robert C. Byrd

Gale W. McGee

Michael J. Mansfield

E.L. Bartlett \1\

William Proxmire

Ralph Yarborough

\1\ Deceased December 11, 1968.

Ninety-first Congress

First session--January 3, 1969-December 23, 1969

Second session--January 19, 1970-January 2, 1971

Committee membership--January 14, 1969

Richard B. Russell, chairman

Milton R. Young

Allen J. Ellender

Karl E. Mundt

John L. McClellan

Margaret Chase Smith

Warren G. Magnuson

Roman L. Hruska

Spessard L. Holland

Gordon L. Allott

John C. Stennis

Norris H. Cotton

John O. Pastore

Clifford P. Case

Alan H. Bible

Hiram L. Fong

Robert C. Byrd

J. Caleb Boggs

Gale W. McGee

James B. Pearson

Michael J. Mansfield

William Proxmire

Ralph Yarborough

Joseph M. Montoya

Ninety-second Congress

First session--January 21, 1971--December 17, 1971

Second session--January 18, 1972--October 18, 1972

Committee membership (majority)--January 28, 1971

Committee membership (minority)--January 29, 1971

Allen J. Ellender, chairman \1\

Milton R. Young

John L. McClellan

Karl E. Mundt

Warren G. Magnuson

Margaret Chase Smith

John C. Stennis

Roman L. Hruska

John O. Pastore

Gordon L. Allott

Alan H. Bible

Norris H. Cotton

Robert C. Byrd

Clifford P. Case

Gale W. McGee

Hiram L. Fong

Michael J. Mansfield

J. Caleb Boggs

William Proxmire

Charles H. Percy

Joseph M. Montoya

Edward W. Brooke

Daniel K. Inouye

Ernest F. Hollings

\1\ Appointed chairman January 28, 1971.

Second session--January 18, 1972-October 18, 1972

Allen J. Ellender, chairman \1\

Milton R. Young

John L. McClellan, chairman \2\

Karl E. Mundt \4\

Warren G. Magnuson

Margaret Chase Smith

John C. Stennis

Roman L. Hruska

John O. Pastore

Gordon L. Allott

Alan H. Bible

Norris H. Cotton

Robert C. Byrd

Clifford P. Case

Gale W. McGee

Hiram L. Fong

Michael J. Mansfield

J. Caleb Boggs

William Proxmire

Charles H. Percy \4\

Joseph M. Montoya

Edward W. Brooke

Daniel K. Inouye

Mark O. Hatfield \5\

Ernest F. Hollings

Ted Stevens \5\

Birch E. Bayh \3\



\1\ Deceased July 27, 1972.
\2\ Elected chairman August 2, 1972 (S. Res. 337, 92/2).
\3\ Assigned August 2, 1972.
\4\ Reassigned February 23, 1972.
\5\ Assigned to committee February 23, 1972.

Ninety-third Congress

First session--January 3, 1973-December 22, 1973

Second session--January 21, 1974-December 20, 1974

Committee membership (majority)--January 4, 1973

Committee membership (minority)--January 12, 1973

John L. McClellan, chairman

Milton R. Young

Warren G. Magnuson

Roman L. Hruska

John C. Stennis

Norris H. Cotton

John O. Pastore

Clifford P. Case

Alan H. Bible \1\

Hiram L. Fong

Robert C. Byrd

Edward W. Brooke

Gale W. McGee

Mark O. Hatfield

Michael J. Mansfield

Ted Stevens

William Proxmire

Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Joseph M. Montoya

Richard S. Schweiker

Daniel K. Inouye

Henry L. Bellmon

Ernest F. Hollings

Paul D. Laxalt \2\

Birch E. Bayh

Thomas F. Eagleton

Lawton M. Chiles

\1\ Reassigned December 17, 1974.
\2\ Elected December 18, 1974.

Ninety-fourth Congress

First session--January 14, 1975-December 19, 1975

Second session--January 19, 1976-October 1, 1976

Committee membership (majority)--January 17, 1975

Committee membership (minority)--January 23, 1975

John L. McClellan, chairman

Milton R. Young

Warren G. Magnuson

Roman L. Hruska

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

John O. Pastore

Hiram L. Fong

Robert C. Byrd

Edward W. Brooke

Gale W. McGee

Mark O. Hatfield

Michael J. Mansfield

Ted Stevens

William Proxmire

Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Joseph M. Montoya

Richard S. Schweiker

Daniel K. Inouye

Henry L. Bellmon

Ernest F. Hollings

Birch E. Bayh

Thomas F. Eagleton

Lawton M. Chiles

J. Bennett Johnston

Walter D. Huddleston

Ninety-fifth Congress

First session--January 4, 1977-December 15, 1977

Second session--January 19, 1978-October 15, 1978

Committee membership--January 10, 1977

John L. McClellan, chairman \1\

Milton R. Young

Warren G. Magnuson \2\

Clifford P. Case

John C. Stennis

Edward W. Brooke

Robert C. Byrd

Mark O. Hatfield

William Proxmire

Ted Stevens

Daniel K. Inouye

Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Ernest F. Hollings

Richard S. Schweiker

Birch E. Bayh

Henry L. Bellmon

Thomas F. Eagleton

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

Lawton M. Chiles

J. Bennett Johnston

Walter D. Huddleston

Quentin N. Burdick

Patrick J. Leahy

James R. Sasser

Paul S. Sarbanes \3\

John Melcher \3\

Donald W. Riegle, Jr.\3\

Dennis W. DeConcini

\1\ Died November 28, 1977.
\2\ Appointed chairman January 27, 1978.
\3\ Temporary assignment from January 10-February 11, 1978.

Second session--January 19, 1978-October 15, 1978

Committee membership (majority)--February 11, 1977

Committee membership (minority)--February 22, 1977

Warren G. Magnuson, chairman

Milton R. Young

John C. Stennis

Clifford P. Case

Robert C. Byrd

Edward W. Brooke

William Proxmire

Mark O. Hatfield

Daniel K. Inouye

Ted Stevens

Ernest F. Hollings

Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Birch E. Bayh

Richard S. Schweiker

Thomas F. Eagleton

Henry L. Bellmon

Lawton M. Chiles

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

J. Bennett Johnston

Walter D. Huddleston

Quentin N. Burdick

Patrick J. Leahy

James R. Sasser

Dennis W. DeConcini

Dale Bumpers \1\

\1\ Elected to committee July 27, 1978.

Ninety-sixth Congress

First session--January 15, 1979-January 3, 1980

Second session--January 3, 1980-December 16, 1980

Committee membership (majority)--January 23, 1979

Committee membership (minority)--January 24, 1979

Warren G. Magnuson, chairman

Milton R. Young

John C. Stennis

Mark O. Hatfield

Robert C. Byrd

Ted Stevens

William Proxmire

Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Daniel K. Inouye

Richard S. Schweiker

Ernest F. Hollings

Henry L. Bellmon

Birch E. Bayh

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

Thomas F. Eagleton

James A. McClure

Lawton M. Chiles

Paul D. Laxalt

J. Bennett Johnston

Jake Garn

Walter D. Huddleston

Harrison H. Schmitt

Quentin N. Burdick

Patrick J. Leahy

James R. Sasser

Dennis W. DeConcini

Dale Bumpers

John A. Durkin

Ninety-seventh Congress

First session--January 5, 1981-December 16, 1981

Second session--January 25, 1982-December 21, 1982

Committee membership--January 5, 1981

Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

William Proxmire

Ted Stevens

John C. Stennis

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

Robert C. Byrd

James A. McClure

Daniel K. Inouye

Paul D. Laxalt

Ernest F. Hollings

Jake Garn

Thomas F. Eagleton

Harrison Schmitt

Lawton M. Chiles

Thad Cochran

J. Bennett Johnston

Mark Andrews

Walter D. Huddleston

James Abdnor

Quentin N. Burdick

Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

Patrick J. Leahy

Alfonse M. D'Amato

James R. Sasser

Mack F. Mattingly

Dennis W. DeConcini

Warren B. Rudman

Dale Bumpers

Arlen Specter

Ninety-eighth Congress

First session--January 3, 1983-November 18, 1983

Second session--January 23, 1984-October 12, 1984

Committee membership--January 3, 1983

Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

John C. Stennis

Ted Stevens

Robert C. Byrd

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

William Proxmire

James A. McClure

Daniel K. Inouye

Paul D. Laxalt

Ernest F. Hollings

Jake Garn

Thomas F. Eagleton

Thad Cochran

Lawton M. Chiles

Mark Andrews

J. Bennett Johnston

James Abdnor

Walter D. Huddleston

Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

Quentin N. Burdick

Alfonse M. D'Amato

Patrick J. Leahy

Mack F. Mattingly

James R. Sasser

Warren B. Rudman

Dennis W. DeConcini

Arlen Specter

Dale Bumpers

Pete V. Domenici

Ninety-ninth Congress

First session--January 3, 1985-December 20, 1985

Second session--January 21, 1986-October 18, 1986

Committee membership--February 21, 1985

Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

John C. Stennis

Ted Stevens

Robert C. Byrd

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

William Proxmire

James A. McClure

Daniel K. Inouye

Paul D. Laxalt

Ernest F. Hollings

Jake Garn

Lawton M. Chiles

Thad Cochran

J. Bennett Johnston

Mark Andrews

Quentin N. Burdick

James Abdnor

Patrick J. Leahy

Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

James R. Sasser

Alfonse M. D'Amato

Dennis W. DeConcini

Mack F. Mattingly

Dale Bumpers

Warren B. Rudman

Frank R. Lautenberg

Arlen Specter

Tom Harkin

Pete V. Domenici

One Hundredth Congress

First session--January 6, 1987-December 22, 1987

Second session--January 25, 1988-October 22, 1988

Committee membership--January 6, 1987

John C. Stennis, chairman

Mark O. Hatfield

Robert C. Byrd

Ted Stevens

William Proxmire

Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

Daniel K. Inouye

James A. McClure

Ernest F. Hollings

Jake Garn

Lawton M. Chiles

Thad Cochran

J. Bennett Johnston

Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

Quentin N. Burdick

Alfonse M. D'Amato

Patrick J. Leahy

Warren B. Rudman

James R. Sasser

Arlen Specter

Dennis W. DeConcini

Pete V. Domenici

Dale Bumpers

Charles E. Grassley

Frank R. Lautenberg

Don Nickles

Tom Harkin

Barbara A. Mikulski

Harry Reid

One Hundred First Congress

First session--January 3, 1989-November 22, 1989

Second session--January 3, 1990-October 28, 1990

Committee membership--February 2, 1989

Robert C. Byrd, chairman
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
J. Bennett Johnston
Quentin N. Burdick
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Dennis W. DeConcini
Dale Bumpers
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Brock Adams
Wyche Fowler, Jr.
J. Robert Kerrey

Mark O. Hatfield
Ted Stevens
James A. McClure
Jake Garn
Thad Cochran
Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
Alfonse M. D'Amato
Warren B. Rudman
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Charles E. Grassley
Don Nickles
Phil Gramm

One Hundred Second Congress

First session--January 3, 1991-January 3, 1992

Second session--January 3, 1992-October 9, 1992

Committee membership--February 5, 1991

Robert C. Byrd, chairman
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
J. Bennett Johnston
Quentin N. Burdick \1\
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Dennis W. DeConcini
Dale Bumpers
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Brock Adams
Wyche Fowler, Jr.
J. Robert Kerrey
Kent Conrad \2\

Mark O. Hatfield
Ted Stevens
Jake Garn
Thad Cochran
Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
Alfonse M. D'Amato
Warren B. Rudman
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Don Nickles
Phil Gramm
Christopher S. Bond
Slade Gorton

\1\ Died September 8, 1992.
\2\ Appointed to Committee September 18, 1992.

One Hundred Third Congress

First session--January 5, 1993-November 26, 1993

Second session--January 25, 1994-December 1, 1994

Committee membership--January 7, 1993

Robert C. Byrd, chairman
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
J. Bennett Johnston
Patrick J. Leahy
James R. Sasser
Dennis W. DeConcini
Dale Bumpers
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
J. Robert Kerrey
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Dianne Feinstein

Mark O. Hatfield
Ted Stevens
Thad Cochran
Alfonse M. D'Amato
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Don Nickles
Phil Gramm
Christopher S. Bond
Slade Gorton
Mitch McConnell
Connie Mack
Conrad Burns

One Hundred Fourth Congress

First session--January 4, 1995-January 3, 1996

Second session--January 3, 1996-October 4, 1996

Committee membership--January 4, 1995

Mark O. Hatfield, chairman
Ted Stevens
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Phil Gramm \1\
Christopher S. Bond
Slade Gorton
Mitch McConnell
Connie Mack
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
James M. Jeffords
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell \2\

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
J. Bennett Johnston
Patrick J. Leahy
Dale Bumpers
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
J. Robert Kerrey
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray

\1\ Reassigned October 12, 1995.
\2\ Appointed to Committee October 12, 1995.

One Hundred Fifth Congress

First session--January 7, 1997-November 13, 1997

Second session--January 27, 1998-December 19, 1998

Committee membership--January 9, 1997

Ted Stevens, chairman
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Slade Gorton
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Lauch Faircloth
Kay Bailey Hutchison

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Dale Bumpers
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron Dorgan
Barbara Boxer

One Hundred Sixth Congress

First session--January 6, 1999-November 22, 1999

Second session--Janary 24, 2000-December 15, 2000

Committee membership--January 7, 1999

Ted Stevens, Chairman
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Slade Gorton
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Jon Kyl

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Frank R. Lautenberg
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin

One Hundred Seventh Congress

First session--January 3, 2001-December 20, 2001

Second session--January 23, 2002-November 22, 2002

Committee membership--January 25, 2001

Ted Stevens, Chairman
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mike DeWine

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin
Tim Johnson
Mary L. Landrieu

Committee membership--June 5, 2001

Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin

Ted Stevens
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Jon Kyl

Committee membership--July 10, 2001

Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin
Tim Johnson
Mary L. Landrieu
Jack Reed

Ted Stevens
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mike DeWine

One Hundred Eighth Congress

First session--January 7, 2003-December 8, 2003

Second session--January 20, 2004-December 7, 2004

Committee membership--January 15, 2003

Ted Stevens, Chairman
Thad Cochran
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Ben Nighthorse Campbell
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mike DeWine
Sam Brownback

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Ernest F. Hollings
Patrick J. Leahy
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin
Tim Johnson
Mary L. Landrieu

One Hundred Ninth Congress

First session--January 4, 2005-

Second session--

Committee membership--January 6, 2005

Thad Cochran, Chairman
Ted Stevens
Arlen Specter
Pete V. Domenici
Christopher S. Bond
Mitch McConnell
Conrad Burns
Richard C. Shelby
Judd Gregg
Robert F. Bennett
Larry Craig
Kay Bailey Hutchison
Mike DeWine
Sam Brownback
Wayne Allard

Robert C. Byrd
Daniel K. Inouye
Patrick J. Leahy
Tom Harkin
Barbara A. Mikulski
Harry Reid
Herb Kohl
Patty Murray
Byron L. Dorgan
Dianne Feinstein
Richard J. Durbin
Tim Johnson
Mary L. Landrieu
                        Subcommittee Memberships


                    FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  legislative
    Senators Windom, Allison, Davis.

  sundry civil
    Senators Windom, Dorsey, Beck.

  fortification
    Senator Windom.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Windom, Allison, Eaton.

  district of columbia
    Included in Sundry Civil Act.

  deficiencies
    Senators Sargent, Blaine, Withers.




                             Second session

  legislative
    Senators Windom, Allison, Beck.




                             Special session

    Senators Beck, Davis, Allison.

  sundry civil
    Senators Windom, Dorsey, Davis.

  post office
    Senators Dorsey, Blaine, Wallace.

  army
    Senators Blaine, Allison, Withers.




                             Special session

    Senators Withers, Wallace, Blaine.

  military academy
    Senator Windom.

  fortification
    Senator Windom.

  naval
    Senator Windom.

  indian
    Senators Windom, Allison, Withers.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senator Windom.

  pensions
    Senator Windom.

  deficiencies
    Senators Allison, Dorsey, Wallace.




                    FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  legislative
    Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison.

  sundry civil
    Senators Beck, Davis, Windom.

  military academy
    Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom.

  post office
    Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth.

  army
    Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine.

  navy
    Senators Blaine, Wallace, Eaton.

  indian
    Senators Wallace, Beck, Allison.

  pensions
    Senators Booth, Withers, Allison.

  fortifications
    Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.

  district of columbia
    Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.

  deficiencies
    Senators Eaton, Wallace, Booth.




                             Second session

  legislative
    Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison.

  sundry civil
    Senators Beck, Davis, Windom.

  military academy
    Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom.

  post office
    Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth.

  army
    Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine.

  navy
    Senators Windom, Davis, Withers.

  indian
    Senators Wallace, Beck, Windom.

  pensions
    Senators Booth, Withers, Allison.

  fortifications
    Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.

  district of columbia
    Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.

  deficiencies
    Senators Wallace, Davis, Booth.

  agricultural
    Senators Davis, Withers, Windom.




                   FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  legislative
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  army
    Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Logan, Davis.

  post office
    Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Beck, Allison, Logan.

  pensions
    Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.

  military academy
    Senators Hale, Ransom, Cockrell.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.

  district of columbia
    Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

  deficiency
    Senators Allison, Hale, Cockrell.

  agricultural
    Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.




                             Second session

  legislative
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  army
    Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Logan, Davis.

  post office
    Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  pensions
    Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.

  military academy
    Senators Logan, Ransom, Cockrell.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.

  district of columbia
    Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

  agricultural
    Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.




                    FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


                        First and second sessions

  legislative
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  army
    Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Logan, Beck.

  post office
    Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  pensions
    Senators Logan, Dawes, Call.

  military academy
    Senators Logan, Ransom, Call.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Logan, Cockrell.

  district of columbia
    Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

  agricultural
    Senators Hale, Plumb, Call.




                    FORTY-NINTH CONGRESS


                        First and second sessions

  legislative
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

  district of columbia
    Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Logan, Gorman.

  pensions
    Senators Logan, Dawes, Gorman.

  agricultural
    Senators Mahone, Plumb, Call.

  army
    Senators Logan, Plumb, Gorman.

  consular and diplomatic
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call.

  military academy
    Senators Logan, Mahone, Call.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Logan, Beck.

  post office
    Senators Plumb, Mahone, Beck.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS


                              First session

  agricultural
    Senators Plumb, Farwell, Call.

  army
    Senators Allison, Plumb, Gorman.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Allison, Beck.

  district of columbia
    Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Gorman.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call.

  legislative, etc.
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

  military academy
    Senators Allison, Farwell, Call.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Farwell, Beck.

  pensions
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Gorman.

  post office
    Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-SECOND CONGRESS


                        First and second sessions

  agricultural
    Senators Allison, Cullom, Call.

  army
    Senators Stewart, Allison, Blackburn.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Allison, Blackburn.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

  fortifications
    Senators Dawes, Stewart, Gorman.

  indian
    Senators Dawes, Cullom, Call.

  legislative
    Senators Dawes, Allison, Cockrell.

  military academy
    Senators Cullom, Stewart, Call.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Allison, Gorman.

  pensions
    Senators Stewart, Cullom, Gorman.

  post office
    Senators Cullom, Stewart, Blackburn.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Gorman.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS


                        Second and third sessions

  agriculture
    Senators Call, Brice, Cullom.

  army
    Senators Blackburn, Cockrell, Teller.

  deficiency
    Senators Cockrell, Brice, Hale.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Blackburn, Brice, Hale.

  district of columbia
    Senators Gorman, Cockrell, Allison.

  fortifications
    Senators Call, Blackburn, Hale.

  indian
    Senators Call, Cockrell, Teller.

  legislative
    Senators Cockrell, Call, Allison.

  military academy
    Senators Brice, Call, Teller.

  navy
    Senators Gorman, Blackburn, Hale.

  pensions
    Senators Brice, Gorman, Cullom.

  post office
    Senators Blackburn, Gorman, Cullom.

  sundry civil
    Senators Cockrell, Gorman, Allison.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS


                        First and second sessions

  agriculture
    Senators Cullom, Quay, Pettigrew, Call, Brice.

  army
    Senators Quay, Hale, Pettigrew, Blackburn, Faulkner.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Quay, Cockrell, Brice.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom, Blackburn, Faulkner.

  district of columbia
    Senators Teller, Allison, Cullom, Cockrell, Gorman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom, Gorman, Call.

  indian
    Senators Pettigrew, Teller, Allison, Cockrell, Call.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Teller, Allison, Cockrell, Call.

  military academy
    Senators Teller, Pettigrew, Perkins, Brice, Call.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gorman, Blackburn.

  pensions
    Senators Allison, Cullom, Perkins, Brice, Faulkner.

  post office
    Senators Allison, Pettigrew, Quay, Blackburn, Faulkner.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Teller, Gorman, Cockrell.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-FIFTH CONGRESS


                             Second session

  agriculture
    Senators Cullom, Quay, Perkins, Pettigrew, Berry.

  army
    Senators Quay, Hale, Sewell, Faulkner, Berry.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Quay, Cockrell, Teller.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom, Faulkner, Murphy.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, Cullom, Sewell, Cockrell, Gorman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom, Murphy, Gorman.

  indian
    Senators Allison, Perkins, Sewell, Cockrell, Pettigrew.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Sewell, Allison, Teller, Cockrell.

  military academy
    Senators Sewell, Perkins, Quay, Teller, Murphy.

  navy
    Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gorman, Teller.

  pensions
    Senators Perkins, Cullom, Sewell, Berry, Faulkner.

  post office
    Senators Quay, Allison, Cullom, Pettigrew, Faulkner.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Quay, Gorman, Cockrell.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Hawley, Proctor, Carter, Cockrell, Harris.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Carter, Teller, Cockrell.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore, Teller, Berry.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, Sewell, Carter, Cockrell, Tillman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Wetmore, Pettigrew, Tillman.

  indian
    Senators Thurston, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, Quarles, 
Jones, Pettigrew.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Sewell, Warren, Teller, Pettigrew.

  military academy
    Senators Sewell, Warren, Bate.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                   FIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Hawley, Proctor, Foraker, Cockrell, Harris.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, McMillan, Teller, Cockrell.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore, Teller, Berry.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, McMillan, Quay, Cockrell, Tillman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Quay, Tillman, Daniel.

  indian
    Senators Stewart, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, Quarles, 
James K. Jones of Arkansas, Rawlins.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

  military academy
    Senators Warren, Burrows, Bate.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


                             Second session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Proctor, Quarles, Scott, Cockrell, Pettus.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Teller, Berry.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wetmore, Cockrell, Tillman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

  indian
    Senators Stewart, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, McCumber, 
Dubois, William A. Clark of Montana.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

  military academy
    Senators Warren, Alger, Bate.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Warren, Foraker, Alger, Lodge, Bulkeley, Blackburn, 
Taliaferro, Foster.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller, Gorman.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Teller, Berry.

  district of columbia
    Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wetmore, Tillman, Gorman.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

  indian
    Committee on Indian Affairs.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

  military academy
    Senators Warren, Scott, Hemenway, Warner, Pettus, Overman.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Gorman, Berry.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                      SIXTIETH CONGRESS


                              First session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Warren, Foraker, Lodge, Bulkeley, Taliaferro, Foster, 
Overman.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller, Clay.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Cullom, Proctor, Clay, Foster.

  district of columbia
    Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Hemenway, Tillman, Foster.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

  indian
    Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis, Stone, Paynter.

  legislative
    Senators Cullom, Warren, Hemenway, Teller, Daniel.

  military academy
    Senators Warren, Scott, Hemenway, Warner, du Pont, Frazier, 
McCreary.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Teller, Tillman.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                    SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS


                             Second session

  agriculture
    Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

  army
    Senators Warren, Bulkeley, Warner, du Pont, Dixon, Taliaferro, 
Overman, Frazier.

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis, Clay, Culberson.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Clay, Foster.

  district of columbia
    Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Curtis, Tillman, Foster.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

  indian
    Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis, Stone, Owen.

  legislative
    Senators Warren, Elkins, Burkett, Daniel, Foster.

  military academy
    Senators Warren, Scott, Dick, Briggs, Brown, Foster, Johnston.

  navy
    Committee on Naval Affairs.

  pensions
    Committee on Pensions.

  post office
    Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

  sundry civil
    Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Tillman, Culberson.

  river and harbor
    Committee on Commerce.




                              Third session

  deficiency
    Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis, Culberson, Martin.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Foster, Overman.

  district of columbia
    Senators Gallinger, Curtis, Tillman, Foster.

  fortifications
    Senators Perkins, Warren, Burkett, Tillman, Overman.

  legislative
    Senators Warren, Burkett, Kean, Foster, Martin.

  sundry civil
    Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Tillman, Culberson.




                    SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS


                              First session

  sundry civil
    Senators Martin, Overman, Chamberlain, Underwood, Warren, 
Gallinger.

  legislative
    Senators Martin, Overman, Bryan, Robinson, Smoot, Oliver.

  district of columbia
    Senators Smith, Lea, Owen, Robinson, Gallinger, Dillingham, 
Curtis.

  deficiencies
    Senators Martin, Bryan, Shafroth, Underwood, Warren, Smoot.

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Overman, Lea, Shafroth, Robinson, Jones, Dillingham, 
Curtis.

  fortifications
    Senators Bryan, Owen, Smith, Underwood, Oliver, Jones, Townsend.

  permanent appropriations
    Senators Tillman, Culberson, Owen, Chamberlain, Oliver, Jones, 
Townsend.




                    SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

    Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate 
Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of 
Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the 
subcommittee hearings during the session.
    The session of the Congress for which it is known that the 
Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in 
parenthesis.

  deficiencies
    Senators Martin (2,3), Shafroth (2,3), Underwood (2,3), Hardwick 
(2,3), Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Jones (WA) (2,3).

  diplomatic and consular
    Senators Overman (3), Shafroth (3), Smith (MD) (3), Smith (AZ) 
(3), Pollock (3), Curtis (3), Kenyon (3), Calder (3).

  district of columbia
    Senators Smith (MD) (2,3), Owen (2,3), Robinson (2), Hardwick 
(2,3), Gallinger (2), Dillingham (2), Curtis (2,3), Smith (AZ) (3), 
Jones (WA) (3), Weeks (3).

  fortifications
    Senators Underwood (2,3), Owen (2,3), Smith (MD) (2,3), Hardwick 
(2,3), Smith (AZ) (2), Jones (WA) (2), Kenyon (2,3), Sherman (2,3), 
Gay (3), Calder (3).

  legislative, executive, and judicial
    Senators Martin (2,3), Overman (2,3), Underwood (2,3), Smott 
(2,3), Warren (2,3).

  sundry civil appropriations
    Senators Martin (2), Overman (2), Chamberlain (2), Underwood 
(2), Warren (2), Gallinger (2).

  suppression of spanish influenza
    Senators Martin (2), Overman (2), Owen (2), Smott (2), Jones 
(WA) (2), Weeks (2).




                    SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

    Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate 
Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of 
Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the 
subcommittee hearings during the session.
    The session of the Congress for which it is known that the 
Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in 
parenthesis.

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2), Sherman (1,2), Newberry 
(1,2), Phipps (1,2), Underwood (1,2), Smith (MD) (1,2), Gay (1,2), 
Martin (1).

  district of columbia
    Senators Curtis (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2,3), Sherman (1,2,3), 
Hale (1,2,3), Phipps (1,2,3), Smith (MD) (1,2,3), Smith (AZ) 
(1,2,3), Gay (1,2,3), Harris (1), Glass (2,3).

  fortifications
    Senators Smoot (2,3), Kenyon (2,3), Hale (2,3), Spencer (2,3), 
Newberry (2,3), Overman (2,3), Owen (2,3), Culberson (2,3), Harris 
(2,3).

  legislative, executive, and judicial
    Senators Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Kenyon (2,3), Gronna (2,3), 
Overman (2,3), Underwood (2), Smith (AZ) (2,3), Harris (2,3), Jones 
(NM) (3), Spencer (3).

  sundry civil appropriations
    Senators Warren (1,2,3), Smoot (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2,3), 
Curtis (1,2,3), Gronna (1,2,3), Martin (1), Overman (1,2,3), Owen 
(1,2,3), Underwood (1,2), Glass (2,3).




                   SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

    Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate 
Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of 
Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the 
subcommittee hearings during the session.
    The session of the Congress for which it is known that the 
Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in 
parenthesis.

  agriculture
    Senators McNary (2,4), Jones (WA) (2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Capper 
(2,4), McKinley (2,4), Overman (2,4), Smith (SC) (2,4), Harris 
(2,4).

  commerce and labor
    Senators Jones (WA) (2,4), Spencer (2,4), Lenroot (4), McKinley 
(4), Keyes (4), Overman (4), Newberry (2), Harris (2,4), Glass (2), 
Culberson (4).

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Newberry 
(1,2), Phipps (1,2), Glass (1,2), Culberson (1,2), Harris (1,2).

  district of columbia
    Senators Phipps (2,4), Ball (4), Dillingham (4), Curtis (2), 
Jones (WA) (2,4), Spencer (2,4), McKinley (2), Glass (2,4), Owen 
(2), Jones (NM) (2,4), Sheppard (4).

  independent offices
    Senators Warren (2,4), Smoot (2,4), Kenyon (2), Spencer (2), 
Newberry (2), Jones (WA) (4), Curtis (4), Hale (4), Overman (2,4), 
Owen (2,4), Jones (NM) (2), Glass (4).

  interior
    Senators Warren (2), Smoot (Chair) (4), Curtis (2,4), Hale (2), 
Spencer (2,4), Pipps (4), McKinley (4), Newberry (2), Overman (2), 
Harris (2,4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4).

  legislative establishment
    Senators Warren (4), Smoot (4), Curtis (4), Spencer (4), Keyes 
(4), Harris (4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4).

  navy
    Senators Page (2,4), Poindexter (2,4), Hale (2,4), Newberry (2), 
Phipps (2,4), Keyes (4), Swanson (2,4), Glass (2,4), Owen (2,4).

  post office
    Senators Townsend (4), Sterling (4), Phipps (4), McKinley (4), 
Lenroot (4), McKellar (4), Harris (4), Jones (NM) (4).

  reclassification of salaries
    Senators Smoot (2), Curtis (2), McKinley (2), Lenroot (2), 
Overman (2), Harris (2), Glass (2).

  state and justice
    Senators Curtis (2,4), Warren (2,4), Smoot (2,4), Hale (2,4), 
Lenroot (2,4), Overman (2,4), Jones (NM) (2,4), Culberson (2,4).
    Lodge, McCumber, Hitchcock.

  treasury
    Senators Warren (2,4), Curtis (2), Jones (WA) (2), Hale (2,4), 
Smoot (4), McKinley (4), Keyes (4), Overman (2,4), Glass (2,4), 
Harris, Culberson (4).

  u.s. veterans bureau hospital
    Senators Warren (2), Jones (WA) (2), Spencer (2), Phipps (2), 
Newberry (2), McKinley (2), Lenroot (2), Overman (2), Glass (2), 
Harris (2).

  yorktown national military park
    Senators Warren (1), Curtis (1), Jones (WA) (1), Newberry (1), 
Phipps (1), Glass (1), Culberson (1), Harris (1).

  war department
    Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (2,4), Jones (WA) (2,4), Sutherland 
(2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Spencer (2,4), Hitchcock (2,4), Harris (2,4), 
Owen (2,4).
    Fernald (2), McNary (2), Fletcher (2).




                    SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


                              First session

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Wesley L. Jones, Lenroot, McKinley, Overman, Harris, 
Broussard.
    McNary, Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale, Phipps, Lenroot, Keyes, Overman, 
Glass, McKeller, Bayard.

  district of columbia
    Senators Phipps, Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, McKinley, Glass, 
Andrieus A. Jones, Neely.
    Ball, Capper, Sheppard.

  independent offices
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Wesley L. Jones, Curtis, Hale, Overman, 
Glass, Broussard, Bayard.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Curtis, Spencer, Phipps, McKinley, Harris, 
Andrieus A. Jones, McKellar, Neely.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Spencer, Keyes, Harris, Andrieus 
A. Jones, Neely, Bayard.

  department of the navy
    Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Glass, Andrieus A. Jones, 
Broussard.
    Ball, Pepper, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor


                           (State and Justice)

    Senators Curtis, Warren, Smoot, Hale, Lenroot, Overman, Andrieus 
A. Jones, McKellar, Neely.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Lodge, 
Brandegee, Swanson.


                          (Commerce and Labor)

    Senators Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, Lenroot, McKinley, Keyes, 
Overman, Harris, Andrieus A. Jones, Broussard.

  treasury and post office departments


                               (Treasury)

    Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale, McKinley, Keyes, Overman, Glass, 
McKellar, Broussard.


                              (Post Office)

    Senators Warren, Phipps, McKinley, Lenroot, Harris, McKellar, 
Glass, Bayard.
    Sterling, Moses, Dial.

  war department
    Senators Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, Lenroot, Harris, Bayard, 
Neely.
    Wadsworth, Capper, Sheppard.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators ------, NcNary, 
Fletcher.




                    SIXTY-NINTH CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

    Note: There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate 
Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of 
Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the 
subcommittee hearings during the session.
    The session of the Congress for which it is known that the 
Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in 
parenthesis.

  agriculture
    Senators McNary (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2), Capper 
(1,2), McKinley (1), Cameron (2), Overman (1,2), Smith (SC) (1,2), 
Harris (1,2), Kendrick (1,2).

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren (2), Curtis (2), Hale (2), Phipps (2), Lenroot 
(2), Keyes (2), Overman (2), Glass (2), McKellar (2), Bayard (2).

  district of columbia
    Senators Phipps (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), McKinley (1), Cameron 
(1,2), Glass (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2), Kendrick (1,2), Bingham (2).
    Capper (2), Weller (2), King (2).

  independent offices
    Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Curtis 
(1,2), Hale (1,2), Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2), Broussard (1,2), 
Bayard (1,2).

  interior
    Senators Smoot (1), Curtis (1), Phipps (1), McKinley (1), Keyes 
(1), Harris (1), Jones (NM) (1), McKellar (1), Kendrick (1).

  legislative establishment
    Senators Warren (2), Smoot (2), Curtis (2), Keyes (2), Hale (2), 
Harris (2), Jones (NM) (2), Bayard (2), Kendrick (2).

  navy
    Senators Hale (1,2), Phipps (1,2), Keyes (1,2), Cameron (1,2), 
Glass (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2), Broussard (1,2).
    Pepper (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Swanson (1,2).

  post office
    Senators Warren (1,2), Phipps (1,2), McKinley (1), Lenroot 
(1,2), Cameron (1,2), Harris (1,2), McKellar (1,2), Glass (1,2), 
Bayard (1,2).
    Moses (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Ferris (1,2).

  state, justice, commerce and labor
    Senators Jones (WA) (1), Smoot (1), Hale (1), Lenroot (1), 
McKinley (1), Keyes (1), Cameron (1), Overman (1), Harris (1), Jones 
(NM) (1), McKellar (1), Broussard (1).
    Borah (1), Moses (1), Swanson (1).

  treasury
    Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2), Hale (1,2), McKinley (1), 
Keyes (1,2), Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2), McKellar (1,2), Broussard 
(1,2).

  war department
    Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2), 
Cameron (1,2), Reed (1,2), Harris (1,2), Sheppard (1), Bayard (1,2), 
Kendrick (1,2), Fletcher (2).
    Fernald (1,2), McNary (1,2), Fletcher (1,2).




                     SEVENTIETH CONGRESS


                            January 14, 1928

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Overman, 
Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
    Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Overman, Glass, 
McKellar, Kendrick.

  district of columbia
    Senators Phipps, Bingham, Jones, Oddie, Nye, Glass, Kendrick, 
Copeland, Bratton.
    Capper, Sackett, King.

  independent offices
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Jones, Curtis, Hale, Keyes, Overman, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Curtis, Phipps, Keyes, Oddie, Harris, McKellar, 
Kendrick, Hayden.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Hale, Oddie, Broussard, 
Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.

  department of the navy
    Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Glass, 
Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
    Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators Jones, Warren, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, 
Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses, 
Swanson.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman, 
Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
    Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale.

  war department
    Senators Reed of Pennsylvania (chairman), Jones, Warren, Oddie, 
Nye, Harris, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
    Bingham, Fletcher.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators McNary, Fletcher.




                   SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS


                       First session--May 8, 1929

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman, 
Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
    Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Warren, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman, Glass, 
McKellar, Kendrick.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bingham, Phipps, Jones, Nye, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick, 
Copeland, Bratton.
    Capper, Sackett, King.

  independent offices
    Senators Keyes, Warren, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Pine, Overman, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Phipps, Oddie, Nye, Pine, Harris, McKellar, 
Kendrick, Hayden.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Glenn, Broussard, Copeland, 
Hayden, Bratton.

  department of the navy
    Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Glass, 
Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
    Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, 
Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses, 
Swanson.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Phipps, Warren, Smoot, Oddie, Pine, Glenn, Overman, 
Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
    Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale, Steck.

  war department
    Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Warren, Bingham, Glenn, Harris, 
Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
    Greene, Fletcher.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators McNary, Burton, 
Fletcher.




                    Second session--January 11, 1930

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman, 
Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
    Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman, 
Glass, McKellar, Kendrick.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bingham, Phipps, Nye, Pine, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick, 
Copeland, Bratton.
    Capper, Kean, King.

  independent offices
    Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Pine, Steiwer, Overman, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Jones, Phipps, Oddie, Nye, Pine, Harris, 
McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Glenn, Steiwer, Broussard, 
Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.

  department of the navy
    Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
    Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Glenn, 
Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses, 
Swanson.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Phipps, Smoot, Oddie, Pine, Glenn, Steiwer, Overman, 
Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
    Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale, Steck.

  war department
    Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Bingham, Glenn, Steiwer, 
Harris, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
    Greene, Fletcher.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary, 
Fletcher.




                   SEVENTY-SECOND CONGRESS


                    First session--December 16, 1931

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, 
Dickinson, Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Morrison, Cohen.
    Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Dale, Davis, 
Glass, McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Broussard, Byrnes.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Keyes, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, 
Glass, Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
    Capper, Kean, King.

  independent offices
    Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Kendrick, Byrnes, Cohen.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Jones, Oddie, Nye, Hale, Norbeck, Dickinson, 
McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Morrison, Bratton, Thomas.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Steiwer, Dale, Davis, 
Broussard, Bratton, McKellar, Morrison, Thomas, Byrnes.

  department of the navy
    Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, Dickinson, 
Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
    Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Davis, 
McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton, Morrison, Cohen.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses, 
Swanson.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer, Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, 
Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Morrison, Thomas, Cohen.
    Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Schall, Trammell.

  war department
    Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Bingham, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck, 
Dale, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland, Glass, Hayden, Cohen.
    Cutting and Fletcher.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary, 
Fletcher.




                    Second session--December 10, 1932

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators McNary (chairman), Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson, 
Grammer, Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
    Capper, Smith.

  deficiencies
    Senators Hale, Smoot, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Dale, Davis, 
Dickinson, Glass, McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Broussard, Byrnes, 
Bratton.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Keyes, Dale, Davis, Grammer, 
Glass, Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
    Capper, Kean, King.

  independent offices
    Senators Keyes, Smoot, Hale, Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck, 
Dickinson, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Kendrick, Byrnes, Russell.

  department of the interior
    Senators Smoot, Oddie, Nye, Hale, Norbeck, Steiwer, Grammer, 
McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Bratton, Thomas, Tydings.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Hale, Smoot, Oddie, Steiwer, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, 
Broussard, Bratton, McKellar, Thomas, Byrnes, Tydings.

  department of the navy
    Senators Shortridge (chairman), Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, 
Nye, Steiwer, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
    Metcalf, Swanson.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Davis, Dickinson, 
McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses, 
Swanson.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer, Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson, 
Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Thomas, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
    Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Schall, Trammell.

  war department
    Senators Reed (chairman), Bingham, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck, Dale, 
Grammer, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland, Glass, Hayden, Cohen, Thomas, 
Russell.
    Cutting, Fletcher.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary, 
Fletcher.




                   SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS


                      First session--March 21, 1933

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Russell, Keyes, 
Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Bratton, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Hale, Keyes, Dickinson.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Bratton, Copeland, Coolidge, Nye, Keyes, 
Dale, Carey.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, 
Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Kendrick, Bratton, Thomas, Adams, 
Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton, 
Hale, Dale, Townsend.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, Hale, 
Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
    Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Bratton, Kendrick, Russell, Adams, Hale, Nye, 
Dickinson, Carey.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Robinson, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Russell, McCarran, Steiwer, 
Norbeck, Dale, Dickinson.
    Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Kendrick, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Norbeck, 
Dale, Townsend, Carey.
    Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stephens, Fletcher, 
McNary.




                             Second session

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, Keyes, 
Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale, 
Keyes, Dickinson.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Nye, Keyes, Carey, 
Patterson.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, 
Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton, 
Hale, Townsend, Patterson.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, Hale, 
Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
    Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Hale, 
Nye, Dickinson, Carey.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Robinson, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Steiwer, 
Norbeck, Dickinson, Patterson.
    Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, Norbeck, 
Townsend, Carey, Patterson.
    Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stephens, Fletcher, 
McNary.




                   SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS


                     First session--January 12, 1935

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, 
O'Mahoney, Truman, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale, 
Keyes, Dickinson.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Overton, Truman, 
Nye, Keyes, Carey.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, 
Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton, 
Hale, Townsend, Carey.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo, 
Hale, Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
    Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Hale, Nye, Dickinson.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Robinson, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo, 
Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, 
Norbeck, Townsend, Carey.
    Sheppard, Fletcher, Cutting.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Fletcher, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                             Second session

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, 
O'Mahoney, Truman, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale, 
Keyes, Steiwer.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Overton, Truman, 
Nye, Keyes, Carey.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, 
Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton, 
Hale, Townsend, Carey.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo, 
Hale, Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
    Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Hale, Nye, Dickinson.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Robinson, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo, 
Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson.
    Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, 
Norbeck, Townsend, Carey.
    Sheppard, Fletcher, Dickinson.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Fletcher, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                   SEVENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS


                     First session--January 13, 1937

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, 
O'Mahoney, Truman, Duffy, Nye, Townsend.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Hale, Steiwer.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Overton, Burke, Duffy, 
Hitchcock, Green, Nye, Bridges.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, McAdoo, 
Truman, Green, Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Burke, Green, Nye, Steiwer.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, McCarran, Overton, Bankhead, 
Duffy, Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Overton, McAdoo, Burke, 
Hitchcock, Green, Hale, Townsend.
    Walsh, Tydings, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Copeland, Burke, Hale, Nye.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Robinson, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo, 
Thomas, Hitchcock, Steiwer, Bridges.
    Also on post office items: Senators Hayden, Bailey, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, 
Truman, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
    Sheppard, Black, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Sheppard, Bailey, 
McNary.




                    Third session--February 23, 1938

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, 
O'Mahoney, Truman, Duffy, Nye, Townsend.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend.

  district of columbia
    Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Overton, Burke, Duffy, 
Hitchcock, Green, Nye, Bridges.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, McAdoo, 
Truman, Green, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Burke, Green, Nye, Lodge.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, McCarran, Overton, Bankhead, 
Duffy, Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges.

  department of the navy
    Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Overton, McAdoo, Burke, 
Hitchcock, Green, Hale, Lodge.
    Walsh, Tydings, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Copeland, Burke, Hale, Lodge.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Harrison, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo, 
Thomas, Hitchcock, Bridges, Lodge.
    Also on post office items: Senators Hayden, Bailey, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo, 
Truman, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
    Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Sheppard, Bailey, 
McNary.




                   SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS


                     First session--January 13, 1939

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  district of columbia
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green, 
McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Lodge, Taft, Holman.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green, 
Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

  navy department
    Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings, 
Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Harrison, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas, 
Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams, 
Maloney, Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
    Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                    First session--February 10, 1939

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  district of columbia
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green, 
McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Holman, Taft.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green, 
Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

  navy department
    Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings, 
Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Harrison, Borah.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas, 
Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams, 
Maloney, Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
    Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                    Third session--February 14, 1940

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  district of columbia
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
    King, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green, 
McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Holman, Taft.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green, 
Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

  navy department
    Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings, 
Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman, 
Harrison, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas, 
Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams, 
Maloney, Chavez, O'Mahoney, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
    Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                  SEVENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


                     First session--February 3, 1941

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, 
Russell, Overton, Thomas, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks.

  district of columbia
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Maloney, 
Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney.
    Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green, 
McKellar, Bankhead, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
Green, McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, White, Gurney.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, 
Chavez, Bridges, White, Brooks.

  navy department
    Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Green, Tydings, 
Maloney, Lodge, Holman, Bridges.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, commerce, and justice, and labor--federal 
security
    Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, Truman, Byrnes, 
Maloney, Lodge, Bridges, White.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators George, 
Harrison, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Hayden, 
Green, Lodge, White, Gurney.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Davis.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams, 
Maloney, Chavez, O'Mahoney, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks.
    Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard, 
McNary.




                     Second session--January 5, 1942

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Manoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, 
Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney.
    Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, 
Mead, Doxey, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Holman, White, Gurney.

  legislative establishment
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez, 
Doxey, Maybank, Bridges, White, Brooks.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, 
Lodge, Holman, Bridges.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, commerce, justice, and the judiciary; department 
of labor--federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney, 
Mead, Lodge, Bridges, White.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Davis.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney, 
Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks.
    Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway, 
McNary.




                   SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


                     First session--January 28, 1943

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks, 
Bridges.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, 
Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
    McCarran, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, 
Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Reed, Burton.

  legislative and the judiciary
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez, 
Maybank, Bridges, White, Brooks, Burton.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, 
Lodge, Holman, Bridges, White.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney, 
Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney, 
Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks, Burton.
    Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway, 
McNary.




                    Second session--January 27, 1944

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
    Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks, 
Bridges.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, 
Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
    McCarran, Tydings, Capper.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, 
Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton, White.

  legislative and the judiciary
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez, 
Maybank, Bridges, White, Burton, Reed.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, 
Lodge, Holman, Bridges, Brooks.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis

  departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney, 
Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney, 
Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks, Burton.
    Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway, 
McNary.




                     Second session--April 19, 1944

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
    Smith, Wheeler, Capper.

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Holman, Brooks, Bridges, 
Gurney.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez, 
Mead, Nye, Holman, Burton, Ball.
    Bilbo, Tydings, Bridges.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, 
Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton, White.

  legislative and the judiciary
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez, 
Maybank, Bridges, Burton, Reed, Ball.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead, 
Holman, Bridges, Brooks, White.
    Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney, 
Mead, White, Reed, Burton, Ball.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Ball.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney, 
Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Gurney, Brooks, Burton, Ball
    Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway, 
Vandenberg.




                   SEVENTY-NINTH CONGRESS


                      First session--March 15, 1945

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
    Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Brooks, Bridges, Gurney, 
Burton, Ball, Ferguson.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead, 
Murdock, Burton, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Wherry.
    Bilbo, Tydings, Buck.

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead, 
Maybank, Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed, Wherry.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Burton, White, Willis, Wherry.

  legislative branch
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Green, Chavez, Maybank, Murdoch, 
Bridges, Reed, Ball, Ferguson.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran, 
Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, Ball, Willis.
    Walsh, Gerry, Johnson of California.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary; 
department of labor--federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings, 
Murdock, White, Burton, Ball, Bridges, Wherry.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, Johnson of California.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Willis.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Chavez, O'Mahoney, 
Maybank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Burton, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry.
    Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, McClellan, 
Vandenberg.




                    Second session--January 25, 1946

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, 
McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
    Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.

  deficiencies
    Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton, 
Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Brooks, Bridges, Gurney, 
Ball, Ferguson, Wherry.

  district of columbia
    Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead, 
Murdock, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon.
    Bilbo, Tydings, Buck

  independent offices
    Senators Glass, Russell, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead, 
Maybank, Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed, Cordon.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green, 
McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Willis, Wherry, Ball, Cordon.

  legislative branch
    Senators Tydings, Overton, Green, Chavez, Maybank, Murdock, 
Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, White.

  navy department
    Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran, 
Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, Ball, Willis.
    Walsh, Gerry, Tobey.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary; 
department of labor--federal security
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings, 
Murdock, White, Ball, Bridges, Wherry, Cordon.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally, 
George, ------.

  treasury and post office departments
    Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green, 
Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Willis.
    Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

  war department
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Chavez, O'Mahoney, 
Maybank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon.
    Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado, Austin.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, McClellan, 
Vandenberg.




                     EIGHTIETH CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Brooks, Gurney, Reed, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, 
Dworshak, Russell, Hayden, Tydings, O'Mahoney, McCarran.
    Capper, Bushfield, Thomas of Oklahoma.

  deficiencies
    Senators Bridges, Brooks, Gurney, Ball, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, 
McKellar, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton.

  district of columbia
    Senators Dworshak, Ball, Young, Knowland, O'Mahoney, McCarran, 
Green.
    Cain, Flanders, McGrath.

  government corporations
    Senators Ferguson, Reed, Wherry, Saltonstall, Young, Knowland, 
Dworshak, McKellar, Overton, Russell, McCarran, Thomas.

  independent offices
    Senators Reed, Bridges, Brooks, Cordon, Ferguson, Saltonstall, 
Green, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, O'Mahoney.

  department of the interior
    Senators Wherry, Gurney, Ball, Cordon, Reed, Knowland, Dworshak, 
Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Overton.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Knowland, Gurney, Ball, Wherry, Young, Dworshak, 
McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Thomas.

  legislative branch
    Senators Young, Bridges, Saltonstall, Dworshak, Overton, 
Tydings, Green.

  navy department
    Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Brooks, Ball, Gurney, Wherry, 
Tydings, Overton, Green, Thomas, O'Mahoney.
    Robertson of Wyoming, Wilson, Russell.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators Ball, Bridges, Wherry, Brooks, Ferguson, Saltonstall, 
McCarran, McKellar, Tydings, Hayden, Green.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Hickenlooper, 
Lodge, Hatch.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Cordon, Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Tydings, 
McKellar, Hayden, Green.
    Also on post office items: Senators Flanders, Ecton, Chavez.

  departments of the army and air force
    Senators Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon, 
Knowland, Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, O'Mahoney.
    Bridges, Robertson of Wyoming, Tydings.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Revercomb, Martin, 
O'Daniel.




                    EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS


                    First session--February 17, 1949

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, 
Hill, Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young.
    Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

  armed services
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, 
Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Gurney, Bridges, Reed, 
Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon, Saltonstall.
    Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

  deficiencies and army civil functions
    Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, 
McClellan, Robertson, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Reed.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Chavez, Stennis, Cain.

  district of columbia
    Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, Kilgore, McClellan, Young, Reed, 
Saltonstall.
    Hunt, Frear, Schoeppel.

  independent offices
    Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill, 
Robertson, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar, 
Ellender, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Reed, Young.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Ellender, Hill, 
Ferguson, Gurney, Wherry, Young.

  legislative
    Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges, 
Saltonstall, Young.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Wherry, Ferguson, Gurney.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon, 
Hickenlooper.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, Robertson, Cordon, 
Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, O'Conor, Langer.




                     First session--November 1, 1949

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, 
Hill Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, Wherry.
    Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

  armed services
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, 
Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Gurney, Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry, 
Saltonstall, Knowland.
    Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

  deficiencies and army civil functions
    Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, 
McClellan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Reed, Young.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators ------, Stennis, Cain.

  district of columbia
    Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Maybank, Saltonstall, 
Wherry, Ferguson.
    Hunt, Frear, Dulles.

  independent offices
    Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill, 
Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry, 
Knowland.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar, 
Ellender, McClellan, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Reed, Young, Knowland.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Ellender, Hill, 
Kilgore, Gurney, Wherry, Young, Saltonstall, Knowland.

  legislative
    Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges, Young, 
Cordon

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
O'Mahoney, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Young, Knowland.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon, 
Hickenlooper.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, McKellar, Cordon, 
Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Long, Langer.




                    Second session--February 7, 1950

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, 
Hill, Kilgore, Young, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Wherry.
    Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

  armed services
    Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran, 
Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Gurney, Bridges, Ferguson, 
Wherry, Saltonstall, Knowland.
    Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

  deficiencies and army civil functions
    Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender, 
McClellan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stennis, Chapman, Cain.

  district of columbia
    Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Maybank, Ferguson, Wherry, 
Young.
    Hunt, Frear, ------.

  independent offices
    Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill, 
Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, 
McClellan, Robertson, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Young, Knowland.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Hill, Kilgore, 
McKellar, Robertson, Knowland, Gurney, Wherry, Young, Saltonstall.

  legislative
    Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges, Cordon, 
Saltonstall.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
O'Mahoney, Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Young, 
Knowland.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon, 
Hickenlooper.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, McKellar, 
Ellender, Robertson, Cordon, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Long, Langer.




                   EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS


                      First session--May, 31, 1951

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, 
Wherry, Young, Ferguson, Cordon.
    Ellender, Hoey, Thye.

  army civil functions
    Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan, 
Robertson, Young, Cordon, Knowland, Thye, Ecton.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Holland, Stennis, Cain.

  armed services
    Senators O'Mahoney, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, 
Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges, Wherry, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
Young, Thye.
    Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Morse.

  deficiencies
    (To be considered by whole committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Ferguson, Wherry.
    Hunt, Neely, Duff.

  independent offices
    Senators Maybank, O'Mahoney, McKellar, Hill, Ellender, 
Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye.
    Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators McMahon, 
Anderson, Bricker.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore, 
Cordon, Wherry, Young, Knowland, Ecton.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson, Knowland, 
Thye, Ecton.

  legislative
    Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, Wherry.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon, 
Hickenlooper.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, McKellar, Robertson, 
Ecton, Bridges, Saltonstall.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Neely, Langer.




                    Second session--January 22, 1952

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, 
Young, Ferguson, Cordon, McCarthy.
    Ellender, Hoey, Thye.

  army civil functions
    Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan, 
Robertson, Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Ecton.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Holland, Stennis, Cain.

  armed services
    Senators O'Mahoney, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, 
Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, 
Thye, McCarthy.
    Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Morse.

  deficiencies
    (To be considered by whole committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Ferguson, McCarthy.
    Hunt, Neely, Duff.

  independent offices
    Senators Maybank, O'Mahoney, McKellar, Hill, Ellender, 
Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye.
    Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators McMahon, 
Anderson, Bricker.

  department of the interior
    Senators Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore, 
Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ecton, McCarthy.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson, Thye, 
Knowland, Ecton.

  legislative
    Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall.

  departments of state, justice, commerce, and the judiciary
    Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon, 
Hickenlooper.

  treasury and post office
    Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, McKellar, Robertson, 
Ecton, Bridges, Saltonstall.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Neely, Langer.




                    EIGHTY-THIRD CONGRESS


                       First session--May 20, 1953

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Young, Ferguson, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen, 
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, 
Maybank.
    Aiken, Thye, Ellender.

  army civil functions
    Senators Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak, 
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan, 
Robertson.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Martin, Case, Holland.

  armed services
    Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, Thye, 
Cordon, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, Hill, 
McClellan.
    Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd.

  deficiencies
    (To be considered by whole committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCarthy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex 
officio, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson.
    Case, Beall, Gore.

  independent offices
    Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy, 
Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore, 
Magnuson.
    Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators Hickenlooper, 
Bricker, Johnson of Colorado.

  department of the interior
    Senators Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshk, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, 
Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson.

  labor-federal security
    Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges, Young, Dworshak, Dirksen, 
Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson.

  legislative and judiciary
    Senators Mundt, Bridges, Saltonstall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez, 
Maybank.

  departments of state, justice, commerce
    Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
Magnuson.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Smith of New 
Jersey, Hickenlooper, Green.

  treasury and post office
    Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Saltonstall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen, 
Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson.
    Also on post offce items: Senators Carlson, Duff, Johnston.




                    Second session--January 29, 1954

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture
    Senators Young, Ferguson, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen, 
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, 
Maybank.
    Aiken, Thye, Ellender.

  army civil functions
    Senators Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak, 
Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan, 
Robertson.
    Also on river and harbor items: Senators Martin, Case, Holland.

  armed services
    Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, Thye, 
Cordon, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, Hill, 
McClellan.
    Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd.

  deficiencies
    (To be considered by whole committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCarthy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex 
officio, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson.
    Case, Beall, Gore.

  independent offices
    Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy, 
Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore, 
Magnuson.
    Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators Hickenlooper, 
Bricker, Johnson of Colorado.

  department of the interior
    Senators Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez, 
Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson.

  labor-health, education, and welfare
    Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges, Young, Dworshak, Dirksen, 
Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson.

  legislative and judiciary
    Senators Mundt, Bridges, Saltonstall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez, 
Maybank.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce
    Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan, 
Magnuson.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Smith of New 
Jersey, Hickenlooper, Green.

  treasury and post office
    Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Saltonstall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen, 
Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson.
    Also on post office items: Senators Carlson, Duff, Johnston.




                   EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS


                            February 4, 1955

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
    Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Clements, Chairman Hayden ex officio, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, 
Thye, Potter.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye, 
Smith, Dworshak.
    Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Flanders.

  deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
    (To be considered by whole committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden ex 
officio, Dirksen, Young.
    Bible, Gore, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, 
McClellan, Chairman Hayden ex officio, Dirksen, Saltonstall, 
Knowland, McCarthy, Potter.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements, 
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

  departments of labor and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Chairman Hayden ex officio, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

  legislative
    Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin of 
Pennsylvania.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
    River and harbor, and flood control: Full subcommittee.
    Atomic energy-Tennessee Valley: Senators Hill, Ellender, 
Robertson, Hayden, Russell, ------, ------, ------, ------.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, McClellan, ------, --
----, ------, ------.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden, 
Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith, 
Dirksen.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post offices
    Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements, 
Chairman Hayden ex officio, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston (SC), Pastore, 
Carlson.




                            February 7, 1955

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
    Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Clements, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye, 
Smith, Dworshak.
    Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.

  deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, 
Young.
    Bible, Gore, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, 
McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
McCarthy, Potter.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements, 
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

  departments of labor, and health, education, welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Chairman Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

  legislative
    Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, 
Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden, 
Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith, 
Dirksen.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements, 
Chairman Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.




                              June 25, 1955

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
    Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Clements, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye, 
Smith, Dworshak.
    Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.

  deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, 
Young.
    Bible, Gore, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, 
McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
McCarthy, Potter.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements, 
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Chairman Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

  legislative
    Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, 
Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden, 
Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith, 
Dirksen.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements, 
Chairman Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.




                             March 22, 1956

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
    Ellender, Johnston (SC), Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, 
Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye, 
Smith, Dworshak.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Flanders.

  deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Pastore, McClellan, Johnson, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, 
Young, Bridges.
    Bible, Frear, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, 
McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt, 
Potter, Bridges.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnuson, Holland, Johnson, Russell, 
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, 
Chairman Hayden, Thye, McCarthy, Smith, Dworshak, Potter, Bridges.

  legislative
    Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Dirksen.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, 
Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden, 
Holland, Pastore, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith, 
Dirksen.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Johnson, Chairman Hayden, 
McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.




                    EIGHTY-FIFTH CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen, Ives.
    Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, 
Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye, 
Smith, Dworshak.
    Byrd, Symington, Flanders.

  deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Pastore, McClellan, Johnson, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, 
Ives, Bridges.
    Bible, Frear, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, 
McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Mundt, Potter, 
Young, Bridges.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnuson, Holland, Johnson, Russell, 
Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, 
Chairman Hayden, Thye, Smith, Dworshak, Potter, Ives, Bridges.

  legislative
    Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Dirksen.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith, 
Dworshak.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, 
Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden, 
Holland, Pastore, Bridges, Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen, 
Knowland.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Johnson, Pastore, 
Chairman Hayden, Potter, Bridges, Dirksen, Ives.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Monroney, Carlson.




                    EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS


                            February 6, 1959

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
Dodd, McGee, Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska.
    Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

  department of commerce and related agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Monroney, Bible, 
Byrd, Dodd, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Kuchel.

  department of defense
    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McCellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, 
Smith, Dworshak, Mundt.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).
    Military construction: Senators Stennis, Chavez, Russell, 
Johnson, Saltonstall, Bridges.

  deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Pastore, Hayden, Kefauver, Byrd, Dodd, McGee, Young, 
Hruska, Allott, Bridges.
    Frear, Bible, Beall.

  independent offices and general government matters
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland, 
Johnson, Pastore, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Allott, Saltonstall, 
Young, Smith, Kuchel, Bridges.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Kerr, 
Martin.

  interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Johnson, Russell, McClellan, Kefauver, 
Bible, Byrd, McGee, Mundt, Young, Dworshak, Kuchel.

  departments of labor and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, 
Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Chairman Hayden, Kuchel, Smith, Hruska, 
Allott, Bridges.

  legislative
    Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Allott.

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak, Young, 
Mundt, Smith, Hruska.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, 
Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, 
Mundt, Young, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Holland, 
Pastore, Kefauver, Bible, Dodd, Chairman Hayden, Bridges, 
Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd, 
Dodd, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska, Bridges, Kuchel, Allott.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Yarborough, 
Carlson.




                   EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


                    First session--February 27, 1961

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies


                         (Except Forest Service)

    Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis, 
McGee, Humphrey, Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Schoeppel.
    Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

  department of defense


                        (Except Civil Functions)

    Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Kefauver, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, 
Smith, Dworshak, Mundt.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

  deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd, Hayden, Kefauver, McGee, Humphrey, Schoeppel, 
Hruska, Allott, Saltonstall, Bridges.
    Smith (MA), Bible, Beall.

  general government matters, department of commerce, and related 
agencies
    Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Bible, Byrd, 
McGee, Humphrey, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Kuchel.

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland, 
Pastore, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Allott, Saltonstall, Young, 
Smith, Kuchel, Schoeppel, Bridges.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Kerr, Anderson, Case 
(NJ).

  department of interior and related agencies


       (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

    Senators Hayden, Chavez, Russell, McClellan, Kefauver, Bible, 
Byrd, McGee, Humphrey, Mundt, Young, Dworshak, Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, 
Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Chairman Hayden, Kuchel, Smith, Allott, 
Schoeppel, Bridges.

  legislative
    Senators Pastore, Chavez, Monroney, Humphrey, Chairman Hayden, 
Bridges, Saltonstall, Allott.

  military construction
    Senators Stennis, Chavez, Russell, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, 
Saltonstall, Bridges.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

  public works
    Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak, Young, 
Mundt, Smith, Hruska.
    Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators 
Hill, Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, 
Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Pastore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, 
Mundt, Young, Dworshak.

  departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related 
agencies
    Senators McClellan, Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore, 
Kefauver, Bible, Stennis, Chairman Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall, 
Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Hruska.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright, 
Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office
    Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska, Bridges, Kuchel, Allott, 
Schoeppel.
    Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Yarborough, 
Carlson.




                       Second session--March 1962

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies


                         (Except Forest Service)

    Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, 
Stennis, McGee, Humphrey, Young (ND), Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Case 
(NJ).
    Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

  department of defense


           (Except Civil Functions and Military Construction)

    Senators Chavez (chairman), Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, 
Ellender, Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Kefauver, Saltonstall, Young 
(ND), Smith (ME), Dworshak, Mundt, Allott.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Holland (chairman), Hayden, Russell, Chavez, Ellender, 
Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Byrd (WV), 
Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith (ME), Dworshak, Kuchel.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Kefauver, McGee, 
Humphrey, Case (NJ), Allott, Saltonstall, Cotton.
    Smith (MA), Bible, Beall.

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, 
Russell, Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Allott, Young (ND), Smith (ME), 
Kuchel, Hruska, Cotton.
    Hayden, Saltonstall.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Kerr, Anderson, Case 
(NJ).

  department of the interior and related agencies


       (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

    Senators Hayden (chairman), Chavez, Russell, McClellan, 
Kefauver, Bible, Byrd (WV), McGee, Humphrey, Mundt, Young (ND), 
Dworshak, Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, 
Pastore, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Humphrey, Cotton, Smith (ME), 
Allott, Case (NJ).
    Hayden, Saltonstall.

  legislative
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Chavez, Monroney, Humphrey, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden.

  military construction
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Chavez, Russell, Monroney, Bible, 
Byrd (WV), Kuchel, Saltonstall, Case (NJ).
    Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, 
Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney, 
Dworshak, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith (ME), Hruska.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, Smith 
(ME).
    Also on atomic energy items: Pastore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Mundt, 
Young (ND), Dworshak.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, 
Pastore, Kefauver, Bible, Stennis, McGee, Smith (ME), Saltonstall, 
Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Cotton.
    Hayden.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Mansfield, 
Hickenlooper.
    Department of Commerce and Certain Related Agencies: Holland, 
McClellan, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Bible, Smith (ME), 
Saltonstall, Mundt, Hayden.

  department of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, 
Bible, Byrd (WV), McGee, Hruska, Kuchel, Allott, Cotton, Case (NJ).
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Johnston, Yarborough, Carlson.




                   EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies


                         (Except Forest Service)

    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, 
Stennis, McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Proxmire, Young (ND), Mundt, 
Hruska, Case.
    Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

  department of defense


           (Except Civil Functions and Military Construction)

    Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Goldwater.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, 
Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney, 
Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Humphrey, Bartlett, 
Proxmire, Case, Cotton.
    Saltonstall, Bible, McIntyre, Beall.

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, 
Russell, Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND), 
Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
    Hayden.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of the interior and related agencies


       (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

    Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND), 
Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, 
Bible, Byrd (WV), Humphrey, Holland, Bartlett, Cotton, Smith, 
Allott, Case.
    Hayden, Saltonstall.

  legislative
    Senators Monroney (chairman), Humphrey, Bartlett, Proxmire, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden.

  military construction
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell, Bible, Ellender, McGee, 
Mansfield, Proxmire, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
    Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Goldwater.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, 
Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, 
Kuchel, Cotton.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: McNamara, Randolph, Cooper.
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska, Mundt, 
Smith, Kuchel.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible, 
McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, 
Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall, 
Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
    Hayden.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, 
Proxmire, Case, Allott.
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Johnston, Yarborough, Carlson.




                    EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS


                     First session--October 22, 1965

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies


                         (Except Forest Service)

    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, 
Stennis, McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Mundt, 
Hruska, Case.
    Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

  department of defense


         (Except Army Civil Functions and Military Construction)

    Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
    Byrd (VA), Symington, Thurmond.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell (GA), 
Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), 
Monroney, Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Bartlett, Proxmire, 
Yarborough, Case, Cotton.
    Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell 
(GA), Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND), 
Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
    Hayden.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of the interior and related agencies


       (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

    Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell (GA), McClellan, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), 
Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Russell (GA), Magnuson, Stennis, 
Pastore, Bible, Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cotton, Smith, 
Allott, Case.
    Hayden, Saltonstall.

  legislative
    Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden.

  military construction
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell (GA), Bible, Ellender, 
Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
    Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Thurmond.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell (GA), McClellan, 
Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, 
Kuchel, Cotton.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: McNamara, Randolph, Cooper.
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell (GA), Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska, 
Mundt, Smith, Kuchel.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell (GA), McClellan, Holland, Bible, 
McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, 
Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall, 
Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
    Hayden.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, 
Yarborough, Case, Allott.
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.




                    Second session--September 2, 1966

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies


                         (Except Forest Service)

    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell (GA), Hayden, Hill, 
Robertson, Stennis, McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Young 
(ND), Mundt, Hruska, Case.
    Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

  department of defense


         (Except Army Civil Functions and Military Construction)

    Senators Russell (GA) (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, 
Ellender, Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, 
Mansfield, Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell (GA), 
Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), 
Monroney, Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Bartlett, Proxmire, 
Yarborough, Case, Cotton.
    Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell 
(GA), Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND), 
Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
    Hayden.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of the interior and related agencies


       (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

    Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell (GA), McClellan, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), 
Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Russell (GA), Magnuson, Stennis, 
Pastore, Bible, Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cotton, Smith, 
Allott, Case.
    Hayden, Saltonstall.

  legislative
    Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough, 
Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden.

  military construction
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell (GA), Bible, Ellender, 
Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
    Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell (GA), McClellan, 
Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, 
Kuchel, Cotton.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell (GA), Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska, 
Mundt, Smith, Kuchel.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies: 
Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell (GA), McClellan, Holland, Bible, 
McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, 
Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall, 
Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
    Hayden.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Hickenlooper.

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett, 
Yarborough, Case, Allott.
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.




                     NINETIETH CONGRESS


                    First session--December 20, 1967

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis, 
McGee, Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Javits.
    Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

  department of defense
    Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender, 
Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith, 
Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, 
Hill, McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney, Bible, 
Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Allott.

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Proxmire, Yarborough, 
Hruska, Javits.
    Morse, Spong, Morton.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Russell, Holland, 
Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska, 
Cotton, Case, Javits.
    Hayden, Young (ND).
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Bible, 
Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case.
    Hayden.

  legislative
    Senators Bartlett (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, 
Cotton.
    Hayden, Young (ND).

  military construction
    Senators Bible (chairman), Russell, Ellender, Mansfield, 
Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, 
McGee, Kuchel, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Activities: Hayden, 
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible, McGee, 
Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Holland, Pastore, 
McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits.
    Hayden, Young (ND).
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fullbright, Sparkman, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of transportation
    Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Monroney, Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Cotton, Mundt, Smith, 
Hruska, Allott.
    Hayden, Young (ND).

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Yarborough, Case, 
allott.
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.




                     Second session--March 15, 1968

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis, 
McGee, Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Javits.
    Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

  department of defense
    Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Stennis, 
Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, 
Allott, Kuchel.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Pastore, (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell, 
Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney, 
Bible, Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Allott.

  district of columbia
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Proxmire, Yarborough, 
Hruska, Javits.
    Morse, Spong, Morton.

  foreign operations
    (To be considered by entire committee)

  independent offices
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Russell, Holland, 
Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska, 
Cotton, Case, Javits.
    Hayden, Young (ND).
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), McGee, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), Kuchel.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Bible, 
Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case.
    Hayden.

  legislative
    Senators Bartlett (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, 
Cotton.
    Hayden, Young (ND).

  military construction
    Senators Bible (chairman), Russell, Ellender, Mansfield, 
Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Kuchel.
    Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Hill, 
Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, 
McGee, Kuchel, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case.
    (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
    Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill, 
Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska, 
Mundt, Smith.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
    Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Activities: Hayden, 
Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible, McGee, 
Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Holland, Pastore, 
McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits.
    Hayden, Young (ND).
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fullbright, Sparkman, 
Hickenlooper.

  department of transportation
    Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Monroney, Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Cotton, Mundt, Smith, 
Hruska, Allott.
    Hayden, Young (ND).

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Monroney (chairman), Yarborough, Byrd (WV), Case, 
allott.
    Hayden.
    Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.




                    NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS


           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  department of agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Stennis, McGee, Proxmire, 
Yarborough, Byrd (WV), Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Fong, Boggs.
    Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

  department of defense
    Senators Russell (chairman), McClellan, Ellender, Stennis, 
Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, 
Hruska.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
    Central Intelligence Agency: Russell, McClellan, Ellender, Young 
(ND), Mundt.

  deficiencies and supplementals
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Pastore, Holland, Ellender, 
McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Hruska, 
Allott.
    Russell.

  district of columbia
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Yarborough, Montoya, Pearson, 
Young (ND).
    Russell, Eagleton, Spong, Mathias.

  foreign operations
    Senators McGee (chairman), Ellender, McClellan, Holland, 
Montoya, Fong, Cotton, Pearson.
    Russell, Young (ND).

  independent offices
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnuson, Ellender, Russell, 
Holland, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
    Young (ND).
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Curtis.

  department of the interior and related agencies
    Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, 
Proxmire, Montoya, Mundt, Young (ND), Boggs, Fong.
    Russell.

  departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related 
agencies
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Russell, Stennis, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Holland, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs.
    Young (ND).

  legislative
    Senators Montoya (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Pearson, 
Cotton.
    Russell, Young (ND).

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Bible, Proxmire, Yarborough, 
Boggs, Pearson, Fong.
    Russell, Young (ND), Symington, Cannon, Goldwater.

  public works
    Senators Ellender (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Magnuson, 
Holland, Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, McGee, Young (ND), 
Hruska, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case, Cotton.
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Aiken.

  departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and 
related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield, 
Smith, Hruska, Case.
    Russell, Young (ND).
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Aiken.

  department of transportation
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, McGee, 
Mansfield, Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Pearson.
    Russell, Young (ND).

  departments of treasury and post office and executive office
    Senators Yarborough (chairman), Byrd (WV), Montoya, Boggs, 
Allott.
    Russell, Young (ND).
    Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.




                   NINETY-SECOND CONGRESS


                      First session--April 22, 1971

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
    Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), 
Mansfield, Inouye, Hruska, Young, Mundt, Fong, Boggs.
    Talmadge, Eastland, Miller.

  defense
    Senators Ellender (chairman), McClellan, Stennis, Pastore, 
Magnuson, Mansfield, Bible, Young, Smith, Allott, Hruska, Cotton, 
Case.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
    Intelligence operations: Ellender, McClellan, Stennis, Young, 
Smith.

  district of columbia
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Montoya, Hollings, Percy, Boggs.
    Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias.

  foreign operations
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), McGee, Ellender, McClellan, Fong, 
Cotton, Brooke.

  housing and urban development, space, science
    Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnuson, Ellender, Stennis, 
Mansfield, McGee, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Percy.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Curtis.

  interior
    Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya, 
Inouye, Percy, Mundt, Young, Boggs, Fong.

  labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), 
Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs, Percy, 
Brooke.

  legislative
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Ellender, Inouye, Cotton, Brooke.

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, 
Brooke, Boggs, Percy.
    Symington, Cannon, Tower.

  public works
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, 
Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, McGee, Mundt, Young, Hruska, Smith, 
Allott, Case, Cotton.
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Jackson, Aiken.

  state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield, 
Hollings, Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
    Also on diplomatic and consular Items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Aiken.

  transportation
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Bible, Proxmire, Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Percy.

  treasury and post office and general government
    Senators Montoya (chairman), Ellender, Inouye, Boggs, Allott.
    Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.




                     Second session--January 2, 1972

           (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

  agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
    Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye, 
Bayh, Hruska, Young, Fong, Boggs, Hatfield.
    Talmadge, Eastland, Miller.

  defense
    Senators McClellan (chairman),  Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, 
Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Smith, Allott, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
    Intelligence operations: McClellan, Stennis, Pastore, Young, 
Smith.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Hollings, Hatfield, Stevens.
    Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, McClellan, Fong, 
Brooke, Hatfield.

  housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield, 
Inouye, Bayh, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Fong.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington, 
Curtis.

  interior
    Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya, 
Inouye, Stevens, Young, Boggs, Hruska, Hatfield.

  labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), 
Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs, Brooke, 
Stevens.

  legislative
    Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Bayh, Cotton, Brooke.

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, 
Brooke, Boggs, Stevens.
    Symington, Cannon, Tower.

  public works, aec
    Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Smith, 
Allott, Case, Cotton.
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
    Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Jackson, Aiken.

  state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
    Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings, 
Magnuson, Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman, 
Aiken.

  transportation
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Bible, Mansfield, Case, Smith, Allott, Cotton, Stevens.

  treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
    Senators Montoya (chairman), McClellan, Bayh, Boggs, Allott.
    Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.




                    NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS


                       First session--June 1, 1973

    (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator 
McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as 
ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees 
of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
    Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye, 
Bayh, Hollings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  defense
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, 
Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke.
    Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, 
Young, Hruska.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), McGee, McClellan, Chiles, Brooke, 
Hatfield, Mathias.

  housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield, 
Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens.

  interior
    Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya, 
Inouye, Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), 
Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke, 
Stevens, Schweiker.

  legislative
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker.

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, 
Schweiker, Mathias, Bellmon.

  public works, aec
    Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Case, 
Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon.

  state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
    Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings, 
Magnuson, Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cotton.

  transportation
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Bible, Mansfield, Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

  treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
    Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon, 
Hatfield.




                              July 26, 1974

    (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator 
McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as 
ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees 
of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
    Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye, 
Bayh, Hollings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  defense
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, 
Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke.
    Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, 
Young, Hruska.

  district of columbia
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, McClellan, Chiles, 
Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

  housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield, 
Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens.

  interior
    Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya, 
Inouye, Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), 
Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke, 
Stevens, Schweiker.

  legislative
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker.

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, 
Schweiker, Mathias, Bellmon.

  public works, aec
    Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd 
(WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Case, 
Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon.

  state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
    Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings, 
Magnuson, Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cotton.

  transportation
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Bible, Mansfield, Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

  treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
    Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon, 
Hatfield.




                   NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS

    (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator 
McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as 
ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees 
of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye, 
Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.
    Talmadge, Eastland, Dole.

  defense
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, 
Mansfield, McGee, Proxmire, Montoya, Inouye, Young, Hruska, Case, 
Fong, Stevens, Schweiker.
    Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
    Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, 
Young, Hruska.

  district of columbia
    Senators Chiles (chairman), Johnston, Huddleston, Mathias, 
Schweiker.
    Eagleton, Inouye, Bartlett.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, Chiles, Johnston, 
Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield, Bayh, 
Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Bellmon.
    Also on aeronautical and space activities: Moss, Symington, 
Goldwater.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), McClellan, McGee, Montoya, 
Inouye, Chiles, Mansfield, Hollings, Stevens, Young, Hruska, 
Hatfield, Bellmon.

  labor, health, education, and welfare
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Byrd (WV), Proxmire, 
Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Brooke, Case, Fong, 
Stevens, Schweiker.

  legislative
    Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Huddleston, Schweiker, 
Mathias.

  military construction
    Senators Mansfield (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, Huddleston, 
Stevens, Bellmon, Brooke.
    Symington, Cannon, Tower.

  public works
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Byrd (WV), Pastore, 
McGee, Montoya, Hollings, Johnston, Huddleston, Hatfield, Young, 
Hruska, Case, Schweiker, Bellmon.
    Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Baker.
    Also on atomic energy items: Jackson, Symington, Baker.

  state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
    Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings, 
Magnuson, Eagleton, Johnston, Huddleston, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, 
Hatfield, Stevens.
    Also on diplomatic and consular items: Sparkman, Church, Javits.

  transportation
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd (WV), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore, 
Eagleton, Case, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

  treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
    Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, McClellan, Bellmon, 
Hatfield.
    Also on Postal Service items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.




                    NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS


                            February 23, 1977

    (Senator McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Young, as ranking minority member, serve ex officio, without vote, 
as members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), 
Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young, Hatfield, Stevens.

  defense
    Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Proxmire, 
Inouye, Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Young, Case, Stevens, Schweiker, 
Brooke.

  district of columbia
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Burdick, DeConcini, Mathias, Weicker.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, 
DeConcini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, 
Sasser, Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), McClellan, Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, 
Huddleston, Leahy, DeConcini, Stevens, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  labor, health, education, and welfare
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd (WV), Proxmire, Hollings, 
Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case, Schweiker, Mathias.

  legislative
    Senators Huddleston (chairman), McClellan, Sasser, Schweiker, 
Weicker.

  military construction
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Inouye, Huddleston, Sasser, 
Stevens, Bellmon.

  public works
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Byrd (WV), Hollings, 
Johnston, Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield, Young, Case, 
Schweiker, Bellmon.

  state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Eagleton, 
Inouye, Burdick, Leahy, DeConcini, Weicker, Brooke, Hatfield, 
Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, 
Johnston, Case, Mathias, Weicker.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Chiles (chairman), McClellan, Sasser, DeConcini, 
Weicker, Young.




                            February 20, 1978

    (Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Young, as ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all 
subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye, 
Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young, Hatfield, Stevens.

  defense
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Proxmire, Inouye, 
Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Bumpers, Young, Case, Stevens, 
Schweiker, Brooke.

  district of columbia
    Senators Leahy (chairman), DeConcini, Bumpers, Mathias, Weicker.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, 
DeConcini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, 
Sasser, Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston, 
Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Stevens, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

  labor, health, education, and welfare
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, 
Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case, Schweiker, Mathias.

  legislative
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Huddleston, Bumpers, Schweiker, 
Weicker.

  military construction
    Senators Huddleston (chairman), Johnston, Inouye, Sasser, 
Stevens, Bellmon.

  public works
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings, 
Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield, Young, Case, Schweiker, 
Bellmon.

  state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Magnuson, Eagleton, Inouye, 
Burdick, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, Brooke, Hatfield, 
Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, 
Johnston, Case, Mathias, Weicker.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Chiles (chairman), Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, 
Young.




                    NINETY-SIXTH CONGRESS


                              March 8, 1979

    (Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Young, as ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all 
subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd, Bayh, 
Chiles, Burdick, Sasser, Bellmon, Young, McClure, Garn, Schmitt.

  defense
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Proxmire, Inouye, 
Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy, Bumpers, 
Young, Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon, Weicker, Garn, McClure.

  district of columbia
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Bumpers, Durkin, Mathias, Schmitt.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings, 
Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini, Hatfield, Young, Schweiker, 
Bellmon, McClure, Garn, Schmitt.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy, 
DeConcini, Garn, Hatfield, Mathias, Schweiker.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy, 
Sasser, Durkin, Mathias, Bellmon, Weicker, Laxalt, Schmitt.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston, 
Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Durkin, Stevens, Young, Hatfield, 
Bellmon, McClure, Laxalt.

  labor, health, education, and welfare
    Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, 
Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Inouye, Schweiker, Mathias, 
Hatfield, Weicker, Schmitt.

  legislative
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Bumpers, Durkin, Stevens, Schweiker.

  military construction
    Senators Huddleston (chairman), Johnston, Inouye, Sasser, 
Laxalt, Stevens.

  state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Magnuson, Eagleton, Inouye, 
Burdick, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, Hatfield, Stevens, Laxalt, 
Garn.

  transportation
    Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton, 
Durkin, McClure, Mathias, Weicker.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Chiles (chairman), DeConcini, Bumpers, Schmitt, Laxalt.




                   NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS


                             January 6, 1981

    (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Proxmire, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten, 
Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Burdick, 
Sasser.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Schmitt, 
Andrews, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, 
Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston.

  district of columbia
    Senators D'Amato (chairman), Weicker, Specter, Leahy, Bumpers.

  energy and water development
    Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Schmitt, Cochran, 
Abdnor, Kasten, Mattingly, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, 
Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser.

  foreign operations
    Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter, 
Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, Schmitt, D'Amato, 
Specter, Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy, Sasser.

  interior
    Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Schmitt, 
Cochran, Andrews, Rudman, Byrd, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy, 
DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Schmitt (chairman), Hatfield, Weicker, Stevens, 
Andrews, Abdnor, Rudman, Specter, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings, 
Eagleton, Chiles, Burdick, Inouye.

  legislative
    Senators Mattingly (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Bumpers, 
Hollings.

  military construction
    Senators Laxalt (chairman), Garn, Mattingly, Sasser, Inouye.

  state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
    Senators Weicker (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Cochran, Rudman, 
Hollings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bumpers.

  transportation
    Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato, 
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini, 
Proxmire.




                   NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS


                        Majority--January 3, 1983

                       Minority--January 24, 1983

    (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Stennis, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten, 
Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Burdick, 
Sasser.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Laxalt (chairman), Stevens, Weicker, Rudman, Hatfield, 
Specter, Hollings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bumpers, Eagleton.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews, 
Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, 
Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston.

  district of columbia
    Senators Specter (chairman), Mattingly, Domenici, Leahy, 
Bumpers.

  energy and water development
    Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor, 
Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, 
Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser.

  foreign operations
    Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter, 
Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, D'Amato, Abdnor, 
Domenici, Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy, Sasser.

  interior
    Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran, 
Andrews, Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy, 
DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Weicker (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman, 
Specter, McClure, Domenici, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings, Eagleton, 
Chiles, Burdick, Inouye.

  legislative
    Senators D'Amato (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Bumpers, 
Hollings.

  military construction
    Senators Mattingly (chairman), Laxalt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye.

  transportation
    Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato, 
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini, 
Proxmire.




                    NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS


                        Majority--January 3, 1983

                         Minority--March 6, 1985

    (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Stennis, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten, 
Mattingly, Specter, Burdick, Stennis, Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers, 
Harkin.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Rudman (chairman), Stevens, Weicker, Hatfield, Laxalt, 
Specter, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Chiles, Lautenberg.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews, 
Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye, 
Hollings, Chiles, Johnston, Byrd, Sasser.

  district of columbia
    Senators Specter (chairman), Mattingly, Domenici, Lautenberg, 
Harkin.

  energy and water development
    Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor, 
Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, 
Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini.

  foreign operations
    Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter, 
Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, D'Amato, Abdnor, 
Domenici, Leahy, Stennis, Proxmire, Johnston, Lautenberg.

  interior
    Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran, 
Andrews, Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, 
Bumpers, Hollings.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Weicker (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman, 
Specter, McClure, Domenici, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings, Chiles, 
Burdick, Inouye, Harkin.

  legislative
    Senators D'Amato (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Bumpers, Harkin.

  military construction
    Senators Mattingly (chairman), Laxalt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye.

  transportation
    Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato, 
Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Lautenberg.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini, 
Proxmire.




                   ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS


                       Majority--January 14, 1987

                       Minority--January 14, 1987

    (Senator Stennis, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Burdick (chairman), Stennis, Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers, 
Harkin, Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter, Grassley.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Chiles, 
Lautenberg, Sasser, Rudman, Stevens Weicker, Hatfield, Kasten.

  defense
    Senators Stennis (chairman), Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings, Chiles, 
Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser, DeConcini, Stevens, Weicker, Garn, 
McClure, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran.

  district of columbia
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Lautenberg, Reid, Nickles, Grassley.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, 
Sasser, DeConcini, Hatfield, McClure, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, 
Specter.

  foreign operations
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, 
Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, 
Specter, Nickles.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Leahy, Johnston, 
Lautenberg, Mikulski, Garn, D'Amato, Domenici, Grassley, Nickles.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, 
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman, 
Weicker, Nickles.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Chiles (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, Burdick, 
Inouye, Harkin, Bumpers, Weicker, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, 
Specter, McClure, Domenici.

  legislative
    Senators Bumpers (chairman), Mikulski, Reid, Grassley, Hatfield.

  military construction
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Proxmire, Reid, Specter, 
Garn, Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Harkin, 
D'Amato, Cochran, Kasten, Weicker.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators DeConcini (chairman), Proxmire, Mikulski, Domenici, 
D'Amato.




                 ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture and related agencies
    Senators Burdick (chairman), Bumpers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler, 
Kerrey, Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter, Grassley.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

  defense
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, 
Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn, 
McClure, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter.

  district of columbia
    Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Gramm, Domenici.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Sasser, 
DeConcini, Reid, Hatfield, McClure, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, 
Specter.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini, 
Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, 
Specter, Nickles.

  hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, 
Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Grassley, Nickles, Gramm.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, 
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman, 
Nickles, Domenici.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Inouye, 
Bumpers, Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, McClure, 
Cochran, Gramm.

  legislative
    Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Nickles, Hatfield.

  military construction
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Grassley, 
Garn, Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski, 
D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Grassley.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici, 
D'Amato.




                 ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS


                              First session

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Burdick (chairman), Bumpers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler, 
Kerrey, Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles, Bond.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

  defense
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, 
Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn, 
Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter, Domenici.

  district of columbia
    Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Bond, Gorton.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Sasser, 
DeConcini, Reid, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, Specter, 
Nickles.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini, 
Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, 
Specter, Nickles.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, 
Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Nickles, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman, 
Domenici, Gorton.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Inouye, 
Bumpers, Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, Cochran, 
Gramm, Gorton.

  legislative
    Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Gorton, Bond.

  military construction
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn, 
Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski, 
D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici, 
D'Amato.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, 
Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.




                             Second session

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Bumpers (chairman), Harkin, Adams, Fowler, Kerrey, 
Conrad, Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles, Bond.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

  defense
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, 
Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn, 
Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter, Domenici.

  district of columbia
    Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Bond, Gorton.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini, 
Reid, Conrad, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, Specter, Nickles.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini, 
Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, 
Specter, Nickles.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, 
Hollings, Reid, Conrad, Nickles, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman, 
Domenici, Gorton.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Adams, Conrad, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, Cochran, 
Gramm, Gorton.

  legislative
    Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Gorton, Bond.

  military construction
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn, 
Stevens.

  transportation
    Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski, 
D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici, 
D'Amato.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, 
Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.




                 ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS


                            February 1, 1993

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex 
officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular 
members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Bumpers (chairman), Harkin, Kerrey, Johnston, Kohl, 
Feinstein, Cochran, Specter, Bond, Gramm, Gorton.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Sasser, Kerrey, Domenici, Stevens, Hatfield, Gramm, McConnell.

  defense
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, 
Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, D'Amato, 
Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.

  district of columbia
    Senators Kohl (chairman), Murray, Feinstein, Burns, Mack.

  energy and water development
    Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini, 
Reid, Kerrey, Hatfield, Cochran, Domenici, Nickles, Gorton, 
McConnell.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, DeConcini, Lautenberg, 
Harkin, Mikulski, Feinstein, McConnell, D'Amato, Specter, Nickles, 
Mack, Gramm.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, 
Hollings, Reid, Murray, Nickles, Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Gorton, 
Hatfield, Burns.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Kohl, Murray, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Cochran, Gorton, 
Mack, Bond.

  legislative
    Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Murray, Mack, Burns.

  military construction
    Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Gorton, Stevens, 
McConnell.

  transportation
    Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski, 
D'Amato, Domenici, Hatfield, Specter.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Bond, D'Amato.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, 
Kerrey, Feinstein, Gramm, D'Amato, Nickles, Bond, Burns.




                 ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS


                            January 11, 1995

    (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, 
Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson, Kohl.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gramm (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Domenici, 
McConnell, Gregg, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Gramm, 
Bond, McConnell, Mack, Shelby, Inouye, Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, 
Leahy, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin.

  district of columbia
    Senators Jeffords (chairman), Bennett, Kohl.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, 
McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hollings, Reid, Kerrey, 
Murray.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Mack, Gramm, Jeffords, 
Gregg, Shelby, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray.

  interior
    Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, 
Hatfield, Burns, Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, Bumpers, 
Hollings, Reid, Murray.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, Mack, 
Bond, Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Kohl.

  legislative branch
    Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett, Jeffords, Murray, Mikulski.

  military construction
    Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Shelby, Gregg, Reid, Inouye, 
Kohl.

  transportation
    Senators Hatfield (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Gramm, Bond, 
Gorton, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin, Mikulski, Reid.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords, Gregg, Kerrey, Mikulski.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Gramm, Burns, Stevens, Shelby, 
Bennett, Mikulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Kerrey.




                            October 12, 1995

    (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, 
Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson, Kohl.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Domenici, 
McConnell, Jeffords, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Mack, Shelby, Gregg, Inouye, Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, 
Leahy, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin.

  district of columbia
    Senators Jeffords (chairman), Campbell, Kohl.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, 
McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hollings, Reid, Kerrey, 
Murray.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Mack, Jeffords, Gregg, 
Shelby, Bennett, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, 
Murray.

  interior
    Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, 
Hatfield, Burns, Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, Bumpers, 
Hollings, Reid, Murray.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, Mack, 
Bond, Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Kohl.

  legislative branch
    Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett, Campbell, Murray, Mikulski.

  military construction
    Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Gregg, Campbell, Reid, 
Inouye, Kohl.

  transportation
    Senators Hatfield (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, 
Shelby, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin, Mikulski, Reid.

  treasury, postal service, general government
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords, Campbell, Kerrey, 
Mikulski.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Mikulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Kerrey.




                 ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS


                            January 28, 1997

    (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, 
Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Byrd, Leahy.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Mikulski.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, 
Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.

  district of columbia
    Senators Faircloth (chairman), Hutchison, Boxer.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, 
Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, 
Murray.

  interior
    Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, 
Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, 
Dorgan, Boxer.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg, 
Faircloth, Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Kohl, Murray.

  legislative branch
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer.

  military construction
    Senators Burns (chairman). Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray, 
Reid, Inouye.

  transportation
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, 
Bennett, Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Campbell, 
Craig, Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Boxer.


                              July 8, 1998

    (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, 
Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Leahy, Boxer.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, 
Mikulski.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, 
Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.

  district of columbia
    Senators Faircloth (chairman), Hutchison, Boxer.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, 
Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, 
Murray.

  interior
    Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, 
Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, 
Dorgan, Boxer.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg, 
Faircloth, Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, 
Reid, Kohl, Murray.

  legislative branch
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer.

  military construction
    Senators Burns (chairman), Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray, 
Reid, Inouye.

  transportation
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, 
Bennett, Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Campbell, 
Craig, Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Byrd.




                 ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS


                            February 5, 1999

    (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell, 
Burns, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Lautenberg, Mikulski, Leahy.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, 
Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin.

  district of columbia
    Senators Hutchison (chairman), Kyl, Durbin.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell, 
Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray.

  interior
    Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, 
Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Kohl, 
Feinstein.

  labor, health and human services, educationlc
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Gregg, Craig, 
Hutchison, Stevens, Kyl, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, 
Murray, Feinstein.

  legislative branch
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Feinstein, Durbin.

  military construction
    Senators Burns (chairman), Hutchison, Craig, Kyl, Murray, Reid, 
Inouye.

  transportation
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton, 
Bennett, Campbell, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Kyl, Dorgan, Mikulski.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Shelby, Craig, Hutchison, Kyl, 
Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Byrd.




                ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS


                            February 1, 2001

    (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, 
Craig, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl, 
Murray.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, 
Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein.

  district of columbia
    Senators DeWine (chairman), Hutchison, Landrieu, Durbin.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, 
Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson, 
Landrieu.

  interior
    Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, 
Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Feinstein, 
Murray.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, 
Stevens, DeWine, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, 
Landrieu.

  legislative branch
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Durbin, Johnson.

  military construction
    Senators Hutchison (chairman), Burns, Craig, DeWine, Feinstein, 
Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu.

  transportation
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell, 
Hutchison, Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, DeWine, Dorgan, Mikulski, 
Landrieu.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Shelby, Craig, Domenici, 
DeWine, Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl, Johnson.




                              June 6, 2001

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)
    Note.--From January 3 to January 20, 2001 the Democrats held the 
majority, thanks to the deciding vote of outgoing Democratic Vice 
President Al Gore. Senator Thomas A. Daschle became majority leader 
at that time. Starting January 20, 2001, the incoming Republican 
Vice President Richard Cheney held the deciding vote, giving the 
majority to the Republicans. Senator Trent Lott resumed his position 
as majority leader. On May 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of 
Vermont announced his switch from Republican to Independent status, 
effective June 6, 2001. Jeffords announced that he would caucus with 
the Democrats, changing control of the evenly divided Senate from 
the Republicans to the Democrats. Senator Thomas A. Daschle became 
majority leader once again on June 6, 2001.
    There were no subcommittee chairmen designated from June 6, 2001 
to July 10, 2001.

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Cochran, 
Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Gregg, Stevens, 
Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison, Campbell.

  defense
    Senators Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, 
Stevens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, 
Hutchison.

  district of columbia
    Senators Durbin, Hutchison, Kyl.

  energy and water development
    Senators Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan, Domenici, 
Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Craig.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray, McConnell, 
Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, Campbell, Bond.

  interior
    Senators Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Kohl, Feinstein, 
Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Bennett, Gregg, Campbell.

  labor, health and human services, educationlc
    Senators Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, 
Feinstein, Specter, Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, Kyl.

  legislative branch
    Senators Feinstein, Durbin, Bennett, Stevens, Craig.

  military construction
    Senators Murray, Reid, Inouye, Burns, Hutchison, Craig, Kyl.

  transportation
    Senators Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray, Shelby, Domenici, 
Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Dorgan, Mikulski, Campbell, Shelby, Kyl.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Bond, Burns, Shelby, 
Craig, Hutchison, Kyl.




                              July 11, 2001

    (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
    Senators Kohl (chairman), Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, 
Johnson, Murray, Cochran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, Craig.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl, 
Murray, Reed, Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison, 
Campbell.

  defense
    Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin, 
Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Kohl, Stevens, Cochran, Specter, 
Domenici, Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison.

  district of columbia
    Senators Landrieu (chairman), Durbin, Reed, DeWine, Hutchison.

  energy and water development
    Senators Reid (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan, 
Feinstein, Harkin, Domenici, Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns, 
Craig.

  foreign operations
    Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, 
Johnson, Landrieu, Reed, McConnell, Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Bond.

  interior
    Senators Byrd (chairman), Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, 
Feinstein, Murray, Inouye, Burns, Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, 
Bennett, Gregg, Campbell.

  labor, health and human services, education
    Senators Harkin (chairman), Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, 
Murray, Landrieu, Byrd, Specter, Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, 
Stevens, DeWine.

  legislative branch
    Senators Durbin (chairman), Johnson, Reed, Bennett, Stevens.

  military construction
    Senators Feinstein (chairman), Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu, Reid, 
Hutchison, Burns, Craig, DeWine.

  transportation
    Senators Murray (chairman), Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin, 
Leahy, Shelby, Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell, Hutchison.

  treasury and general government
    Senators Dorgan (chairman), Mikulski, Landrieu, Reed, Campbell, 
Shelby, DeWine.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl, 
Johnson, Hollings, Bond, Burns, Shelby, Craig, Domenici, DeWine.




                 ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS


                              March 4, 2003

    (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, 
Burns, Craig, Brownback, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, 
Johnson, Landrieu.

  commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Campbell, Brownback, Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, 
Kohl, Murray.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Burns, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, 
Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein.

  district of columbia
    Senators DeWine (chairman), Brownback, Hutchison, Landrieu, 
Durbin.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, 
Burns, Craig, Bond, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein.

  foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Campbell, Bond, DeWine, Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, 
Johnson, Landrieu.

  homeland security
    Senators Cochran (chairman), Stevens, Specter, Domenici, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Campbell, Craig, Byrd, Inouye, Hollings, 
Leahy, Harkin, Mikulski, Kohl, Murray.

  interior
    Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, 
Gregg, Campbell, Brownback, Dorgan, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, 
Feinstein, Mikulski.

  labor, hhs, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, 
Stevens, DeWine, Shelby, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, 
Murray, Landrieu.

  legislative branch
    Senators Campbell (chairman), Bennett, Stevens, Durbin, Johnson.

  military construction
    Senators Hutchison (chairman), Burns, Craig, DeWine, Brownback, 
Feinstein, Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu.

  transportation/treasury
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell, 
Hutchison, DeWine, Brownback, Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, 
Durbin, Dorgan.

  va-hud-independent agencies
    Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Shelby, Craig, Domenici, 
DeWine, Hutchison, Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Johnson, Reid.




                 ONE HUNDRED NINTH CONGRESS


                              April 6, 2005

    (Senator Cochran, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator 
Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio 
members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

  agriculture, rural development
    Senators Bennett (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, 
Burns, Craig, Brownback, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, 
Johnson, Landrieu.

  commerce, justice, and science
    Senators Shelby (chairman), Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, 
Hutchison, Brownback, Bond, Mikulski, Inouye, Leahy, Kohl, Murray, 
Harkin, Dorgan.

  defense
    Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, 
McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Burns, Inouye, Byrd, Leahy, 
Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Mikulski.

  district of columbia
    Senators Brownback (chairman), DeWine, Allard, Landrieu, Durbin.

  energy and water development
    Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, 
Burns, Craig, Bond, Hutchison, Allard, Reid, Byrd, Murray, Dorgan, 
Feinstein, Johnson, Landrieu, Inouye.

  homeland security
    Senators Gregg (chairman), Cochran, Stevens, Specter, Domenici, 
Shelby, Craig, Bennett, Allard, Byrd, Inouye, Leahy, Mikulski, Kohl, 
Murray, Reid, Feinstein.

  interior
    Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett, 
Gregg, Craig, Allard, Dorgan, Byrd, Leahy, Reid, Feinstein, 
Mikulski, Kohl.

  labor, hhs, education
    Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, 
Stevens, DeWine, Shelby, Harkin, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray, 
Landrieu, Durbin.

  legislative branch
    Senators Allard (chairman), Cochran, DeWine, Durbin, Johnson.

  military construction/veterans affairs
    Senators Hutchison (chairman), Burns, Craig, DeWine, Brownback, 
Allard, McConnell, Feinstein, Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu, Byrd, 
Murray.

  state, foreign operations
    Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, 
Bond, DeWine, Brownback, Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, 
Johnson, Landrieu.

  transportation/treasury/judiciary/hud
    Senators Bond (chairman), Shelby, Specter, Bennett, Hutchison, 
DeWine, Brownback, Stevens, Domenici, Burns, Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, 
Reid, Kohl, Durbin, Dorgan, Leahy, Harkin.
                       Membership of the Committee

(BY STATE AND TERM OF SERVICE)

(Democrats in italic; Republicans in roman; Other in small caps)

ALABAMA

Name

Service on Committee

Bankhead, John H., II

Jan. 4, 1934-June 12, 1946

Hill, J. Lister

Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 2, 1969

Shelby, Richard C

Jan. 3, 1995-

Underwood, Oscar W

Dec. 13, 1915-June 2, 1920

ALASKA

Bartlett, E.L

Feb. 25, 1963-Dec. 11, 1968

Stevens, Ted

Feb. 23, 1972-

ARIZONA

Cameron, Ralph H

Dec. 15, 1925-Mar. 3, 1927

DeConcini, Dennis W

Jan. 10, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

Hayden, Carl T

Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1969

Kyl, Jon

Jan. 7, 1999-Jan 25, 2001



June 6, 2001-July 10, 2001

Smith, Marcus A

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

ARKANSAS

Berry, James H

May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1907

Brownback, Sam

Jan. 15, 2003-

Bumpers, Dale

Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 6, 1999

Dorsey, Stephen W

Feb. 13, 1874-Mar. 3, 1879

McClellan, John L

Jan. 10, 1949-Nov. 28, 1977

Robinson, Joseph T

Dec. 13, 1915-Sept. 9, 1918

CALIFORNIA

Booth, Newton

Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

Boxer, Barbara

Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 7, 1999

Cole, Cornelius

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1873

Feinstein, Dianne

Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 3, 1995



Jan. 7, 1999-

Knowland, William F

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949



July 26, 1949-Jan. 2, 1959

Kuchel, Thomas H

Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

McAdoo, William Gibbs

Jan. 3, 1935-Nov. 8, 1938

Perkins, George C

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1915

Sargent, Aaron A

Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1879

COLORADO

Adams, Alva B

Mar. 9, 1933-Dec. 1, 1941

Allard, Wayne

Jan. 6, 2005-

Allott, Gordon

Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1973

Campbell, Ben Nighthorse

Oct. 12, 1995-Jan. 4, 2005

Phipps, Lawrence C

May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1931

Shafroth, John F

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1919

Teller, Henry M.\1\

Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1909

CONNECTICUT

Bingham, Hiram

Dec. 14, 1926-Mar. 3, 1933

Dodd, Thomas J

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 10, 1961

Eaton, William W

Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 19, 1875



Mar. 9, 1877-Dec. 5, 1878



Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

Maloney, Francis T

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 16, 1945

Weicker, Lowell P., Jr

Feb. 22, 1977-Jan. 2, 1989

DELAWARE

Bayard, Thomas F., Jr

Dec. 10, 1923-Dec. 13, 1927

Boggs, J. Caleb

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1973

Townsend, John G., Jr

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1941

FLORIDA

Bryan, Nathan P

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

Call, Wilkinson

Dec. 10, 1883-Mar. 3, 1897

Chiles, Lawton M

Jan. 4, 1873-Jan. 2, 1989

Holland, Spessard L

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1971

Mack, Connie

Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 2, 2001

GEORGIA

Clay, Alexander S

June 21, 1906-Nov. 13, 1910

Cohen, John S

Apr. 25, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933

Fowler, Wyche, Jr

Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

Hardwick, Thomas W

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1919

Harris, William J

May 28, 1919-Apr. 18, 1932

Mattingly, Mack F

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

Russell, Richard B., Jr

Jan. 10, 1933-Jan. 21, 1971

HAWAII

Fong, Hiram, L

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

Inouye, Daniel K

Jan. 28, 1971-

IDAHO

Craig, Larry

Jan. 9, 1997-

Dworshak, Henry C

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1949



Jan. 13, 1953-July 23, 1962

McClure, James A

Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1991

ILLINOIS

Brooks, C. Wayland

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1949

Cullom, Shelby M

Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 22, 1909

Dirksen, Everett M

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 20, 1959

Durbin, Richard J

Jan. 7, 1999-

Farwell, Charles B

Dec. 12, 1887-Mar. 3, 1891

Glenn, Otis F

Apr. 22, 1929-Dec. 14, 1931

Logan, John A

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885



Dec. 14, 1885-Dec. 26, 1886

McKinley, William B

Apr. 18, 1921-Dec. 7, 1926

Percy, Charles H

Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1972



Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 12, 1973

Sherman, Lawrence Y

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

INDIANA

Bayh, Birch E

Aug. 2, 1972-Jan. 2, 1981

Hemenway, James A

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1909

Willis, Raymond E

Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

IOWA

Allison, William B

Mar. 12, 1873-Aug. 4, 1908

Dickinson, Lester J

Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1937

Grassley, Charles E

Jan. 6, 1987-Feb. 5, 1991

Grimes, James W

Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 6, 1869

Harkin, Tom

Feb. 21, 1985-

Kenyon, William S

Mar. 12, 1917-Feb. 24, 1922

KANSAS

Curtis, Charles

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 4, 1913



Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 3, 1929

Pearson, James B

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 29, 1971

Plumb, Preston B

Mar. 18, 1881-Dec. 20, 1891

Reed, Clyde M

Jan. 14, 1943-Nov. 8, 1949

Schoeppel, Andrew F

Jan. 13, 1961-Jan. 21, 1962

KENTUCKY

Beck, James B

Mar. 9, 1877-May 3, 1890

Blackburn, Joseph C.S

May 27, 1890-Mar. 3, 1897

Clements, Earle C

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1957

Huddleston, Walter D

Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1985

McConnell, Mitch

Jan. 7, 1993-

Stevenson, John W

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 9, 1875

LOUISIANA

Broussard, Edwin S

Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 3, 1933

Ellender, Allen J

Jan. 10, 1949-July 27, 1972

Foster, Murphy J

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1913

Gay, Edward J

Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1921

Johnston, J. Bennett

Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1997

Landrieu, Mary

Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001



July 10, 2001-

Overton, John H

Mar. 9, 1933-May 14, 1948

West, J. Rodman

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 3, 1877

MAINE

Blaine, James G

Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 18, 1881

Fessenden, William Pitt

Mar. 8, 1869-Sept. 9, 1869

Hale, Eugene

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1911

Hale, Frederick

May 28, 1919-Jan. 2, 1941

Morrill, Lot M

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1869



Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871



Dec. 6, 1872- July 7, 1876

Smith, Margaret Chase

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1973

White, Wallace H., Jr

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

MARYLAND

Gorman, Arthur P

Mar. 13, 1885- Mar. 3, 1899



Dec. 18, 1905-June 4, 1906

Mathias, Charles McC., Jr

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 5, 1981

Mikulski, Barbara A

Jan. 6, 1987-

Sarbanes, Paul S

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

Smith, John Walter

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1921

Tydings, Millard E

Dec. 6, 1932-Jan. 10, 1949

MASSACHUSETTS

Brooke, Edward W

Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1979

Coolidge, Marcus A

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

Dawes, Henry L

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1893

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr

Feb. 16, 1938-Feb. 3, 1944

Saltonstall, Leverett

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1967

Weeks, John W

Sept. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

Wilson, Henry

Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 8, 1870

MICHIGAN

Ferguson, Homer J

Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

McMillan, James

Feb. 7, 1902-Aug. 10, 1902

Newberry, Truman H

May 28, 1919-Nov. 18, 1922

Potter, Charles E

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1959

Riegle, Donald W

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

Townsend, Charles E

Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 12, 1917

MINNESOTA

Ball, Joseph H

Feb. 21, 1944-Jan. 2, 1949

Humphrey, Hubert H

Jan. 10, 1961-Dec. 29, 1964

Thye, Edward J

Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1959

Windom, William

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 14, 1881

MISSISSIPPI

Ames, Adelbert

Mar. 12, 1873-Jan. 10, 1874

Cochran, Thad

Jan. 5, 1981-

Doxey, Wall

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1943

Stennis, John C

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1989

MISSOURI

Bond, Christopher S

Feb. 5, 1991-

Cockrell, Francis M

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1905

Eagleton, Thomas F

Jan. 4, 1973-Feb. 21, 1985

Patterson, Roscoe C

Jan. 11, 1934-Jan. 2, 1935

Spencer, Selden P

May 28, 1919-May 16, 1925

Truman, Harry S

Jan. 3, 1935-Jan. 18, 1945

MONTANA

Burns, Conrad

Jan. 7, 1993-

Carter, Thomas H

Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1901

Dixon, Joseph M

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Ecton, Zales N

Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1953

Mansfield, Michael J

Feb. 25, 1963-Jan. 2, 1977

Melcher, John

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

NEBRASKA

Burke, Edward R

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1941

Burkett, Elmer J

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

Hruska, Roman L

Jan. 20, 1959-Dec. 27, 1976

Kerrey, J. Robert

Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1997

Wherry, Kenneth S

Jan. 18, 1945-Nov. 29, 1951

NEVADA

Bible, Alan H

Jan. 14, 1959-Dec. 17, 1974

Laxalt, Paul D

Dec. 18, 1974-Jan. 23, 1975



Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1987

McCarran, Patrick A

Mar. 9, 1933-Sept. 28, 1954

Nixon, George S

May 1, 1911-June 5, 1912

Oddie, Tasker L

Dec. 13, 1927-Mar. 3, 1933

Reid, Harry

Jan. 6, 1987-

Stewart, William M

Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 15, 1893

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Bridges, H. Styles

Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 26, 1961

Cotton, Norris

Feb. 2, 1962-Dec. 31, 1974

Durkin, John A

Jan. 23, 1979-Dec. 29, 1980

Gallinger, Jacob H

Dec. 1, 1903-Aug. 17, 1918

Gregg, Judd

Jan. 3, 1995-

Keyes, Henry W

Dec. 5, 1922-Jan. 2, 1937

Rudman, Warren B

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

NEW JERSEY

Case, Clifford P

Feb. 2, 1962-Jan. 2, 1979

Kean, John

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

Lautenberg, Frank R

Feb. 21, 1985-Jan. 2, 2001

Sewell, William J

May 11, 1897-Dec. 27, 1901

Stockton, John P

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

NEW MEXICO

Bratton, Sam G

Jan. 5, 1928-June 24, 1933

Chavez, Dennis

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 6, 1947



May 26, 1948-Nov. 18, 1962

Domenici, Pete V

Jan. 3, 1983-

Jones, Andrieus A

June 2, 1920-Dec. 20, 1927

Montoya, Joseph M

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

Schmitt, Harrison H

Jan. 25, 1979-Jan. 2, 1983

NEW YORK

Calder, William M

Sept. 3, 1918-May 28, 1919

Conkling, Roscoe

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

Copeland, Royal S

Dec. 13, 1927-June 17, 1938

D'Amato, Alfonse M

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1995

Ives, Irving M

May 22, 1957-Jan. 2, 1959

Javits, Jacob K

Aug. 8, 1962-Feb. 25, 1963



Jan. 16, 1967-Jan. 14, 1969

Mead, James M

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1947

Murphy, Edward, Jr

May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1899

NORTH CAROLINA

Faircloth, Lauch

Jan. 9. 1997-Jan. 6, 1999

Morrison, Cameron A

Jan. 5, 1931-Dec. 4, 1932

Overman, Lee S

Dec. 8, 1910-Dec. 12, 1930

Pool, John

Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

Ransom, Matt W

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

NORTH DAKOTA

Andrews, Mark

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

Burdick, Quentin N

Feb. 11, 1977-Sept. 8, 1992

Conrad, Kent

Sept. 18, 1992-Jan. 7, 1993

Dorgan, Byron

Jan. 9, 1997-

Gronna, Asle J

May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1921

Nye, Gerald P

Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1945

Young, Milton R

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1981

OHIO

Brice, Calvin S

Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1897

Burton, Harold H

Jan. 14, 1943-Sept. 30, 1945

DeWine, Mike

Jan. 25, 2001-

Taft, Robert A

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 21, 1941

OKLAHOMA

Bellmon, Henry L

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

Monroney, A.S. Mike

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

Nickles, Don

Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 2, 1995

Owen, Robert L

May 1, 1911-Dec. 10, 1923

Pine, W.B

Apr. 22, 1929-Mar. 3, 1931

Thomas, J.W. Elmer

Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1951

OREGON

Bourne, Jonathan, Jr

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Chamberlain, George E

Mar. 15, 1913-May 28, 1919

Cordon, Guy

Dec. 18, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

Hatfield, Mark O

Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1997

Holman, Rufus C

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 2, 1945

Steiwer, Frederick

Jan. 11, 1930-Jan. 31, 1938

PENNSYLVANIA

Buckle, Charles R

Dec. 10, 1868-Mar. 3, 1869

Davis, James J

Dec. 14, 1931-Mar. 9, 1933

Oliver, George T

Aug. 8, 1912-Mar. 3, 1917

Quay, Matthew S

Dec. 30, 1895-Dec. 15, 1899



Dec. 18, 1901-May 28, 1904

Schneider, Richard S

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

Specter, Arlen

Jan. 5, 1981-

Wallace, William A

Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 9, 1877



Dec. 5, 1878-Mar. 3, 1881

RHODE ISLAND

Green, Theodore Francis

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 10, 1949

Pastore, John O

Jan. 9, 1957-Dec. 28, 1976

Reed, Jack

July 10, 2001-Jan. 15, 2003

Sprague, William

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1875

Wetmore, George P

Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1907



May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

SOUTH CAROLINA

Benet, Christie

July 11, 1918-Nov. 5, 1918

Byrnes, James F

Dec. 14, 1931-July 8, 1941

Hollings, Ernest F

Jan. 28, 1971-Jan. 4, 2005

Lumpkin, Alva M

July 31, 1941-Aug. 1, 1941

Maybank, Burnet R

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947



Jan. 10, 1949-Sept. 1, 1954

Peace, Roger C

Aug. 7, 1941-Nov. 4, 1941

Pollock, William P

Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

Sawyer, Frederick A

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1873

Tillman, Benjamin R

Dec. 15, 1899-July 3, 1918

SOUTH DAKOTA

Abdnor, James

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

Gamble, Robert J

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Gurney, Chan

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1951

Hitchcock, Herbert E

Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 8, 1938

Johnson, Tim

Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001



July 10, 2001-

Mundt, Karl E

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 29, 1971



Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1973

Norbeck, Peter

Dec. 14, 1931-Dec. 20, 1936

Pettigrew, Richard F

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1901

TENNESSEE

Kefauver, C. Estes

Jan. 14, 1959-Aug. 10, 1963

Lea, Luke

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

McKellar, Kenneth D

Dec. 10, 1923-Jan. 2, 1953

Sasser, James R

Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

TEXAS

Culberson, Charles A

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1923

Gramm, Phil

Feb. 2, 1989-Oct. 12, 1995

Hutchison, Kay Bailey

Jan. 9, 1997-

Johnson, Lyndon B

Mar. 22, 1956-Jan. 3, 1961

Yarborough, Ralph W

Jan. 8, 1965-Jan. 2, 1971

UTAH

Bennett, Robert F

Jan. 4, 1995-

Garn, Jake

Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1993

Murdock, Abe

Feb. 28, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

Smoot, Reed

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1933

VERMONT

Dale, Porter H

Dec. 14, 1931-Oct. 6, 1933

Dillingham, William P

Mar. 15, 1913-Sept. 3, 1918

Edmunds, George F

Dec. 8, 1870-Dec. 6, 1872

Jeffords, James M

Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 2, 1997

Leahy, Patrick J

Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 7, 1997

Proctor, Redfield

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 4, 1908

VIRGINIA

Daniel, John W

Dec. 18, 1901-June 29, 1910

Glass, Carter

Feb. 13, 1920-May 28, 1946

Mahone, William

Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1887

Martin, Thomas S

Dec. 8, 1910-Nov. 12, 1919

Robertson, A. Willis

Jan. 10, 1949-July 26, 1949



Jan. 12, 1950-Jan. 15, 1951



May 21, 1951-Dec. 30, 1966

Withers, Robert E

Mar. 19, 1875-Mar. 3, 1881

WASHINGTON

Adams, Brock

Feb. 2, 1898-Jan. 2, 1993

Gorton, Slade

Feb. 5, 1991-Jan. 3, 2001

Grammar, Elijah S

Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 3, 1933

Jones, Wesley L

Mar. 15, 1913-Nov. 19, 1932

Magnuson, Warren G

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1981

Murray, Patty

Jan. 7, 1993-

WEST VIRGINIA

Byrd, Robert C

Jan. 14, 1959-

Davis, Henry G

Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1883

Elkins, Stephen B

Dec. 14, 1904-Jan. 4, 1911

Faulkner, Charles J

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1899

Kilgore, Harley M

Jan. 10, 1949-Feb. 28, 1956

Neely, Matthew M

Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 9, 1925

WISCONSIN

Duffy, F. Ryan

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1939

Howe, Timothy O

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

Kasten, Robert W., Jr

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

Kohl, Herb

Jan. 7, 1993-

Lenroot, Irvine L

Mar. 16, 1922-Mar. 3, 1927

McCarthy, Joseph R

Jan. 15, 1951-May 21, 1951



Jan. 14, 1952-May 2, 1957

Proxmire, William

Aug. 23, 1963-Jan. 2, 1989

WYOMING

Carey, Robert D

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

Kendrick, John B

Mar. 9, 1925-Nov. 3, 1933

McGee, Gale W

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1977

O'Mahoney, Joseph C

Jan. 4, 1934-Jan. 2, 1953

Warren, Francis E

Dec. 15, 1899-Nov. 24, 1929

\1\ Republican, 1893-1897; Silver Republican, 1897-1901; Democrat, 1901-
1909.

NOTE.--From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice President 
and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending on 
March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was 
adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became 
January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential 
term became January 20.
            Alphabetical Listing of Members of the Committee

(INCLUDING STATE AND SERVICE ON COMMITTEE)

(Democrats in italics; Republicans in roman; others in small caps)

A

Abdnor, James

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1887

Adams, Alva B

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-Dec. 1, 1941

Adams, Brock

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

Allard, Wayne

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 2005-

Allison, William B

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1873-Aug. 4, 1908

Allott, Gordon

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1973

Ames, Adelbert

    Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1873-Jan. 10, 1874

Andrews, Mark

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

B

Ball, Joseph H

    Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 21, 1944-Jan. 2, 1949

Bankhead, John H., II

    Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1934-June 12, 1946

Bartlett, E.L

    Alaska----------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 25, 1963-Dec. 11, 1968

Bayard, Thomas F., Jr

    Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10, 1923-Dec. 13, 1927

Bayh, Birch E

    Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

Aug. 2, 1972-Jan. 2, 1981

Beck, James B

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1877-May 3, 1890

Bellmon, Henry L

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

Benet, Christie

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

July 11, 1918-Nov. 5, 1918

Bennett, Robert F

    Utah------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 3, 1995-

Berry, James H

    Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1907

Bible, Alan H

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-Dec. 17, 1974

Bingham, Hiram

    Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1926-Mar. 3, 1933

Blackburn, Joseph C.S

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

May 27, 1890-Mar. 3, 1897

Blaine, James G

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 18, 1881

Boggs, J. Caleb

    Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1973

Bond, Christopher S

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 5, 1991-

Booth, Newton

    California------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

Bourne, Jonathan, Jr

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Boxer, Barbara

    California------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 7, 1999

Bratton, Sam G

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1928-June 24, 1933

Brice, Calvin S

    Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1897

Bridges, H. Styles

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 26, 1961

Brooke, Edward W

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1979

Brooks, C. Wayland

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1949

Broussard, Edwin S

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 3, 1933

Brownback, Sam

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 15, 2003-

Bryan, Nathan P

    Florida---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

Buckalew, Charles R

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10, 1868-Mar. 3, 1869

Bumpers, Dale

    Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 6, 1999

Burdick, Quentin N

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Feb. 11, 1977-Sept. 8, 1992

Burke, Edward R

    Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1941

Burkett, Elmer J

    Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

Burns, Conrad

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-

Burton, Harold H

    Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1943-Sept. 30, 1945

Byrd, Robert C

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-

Byrnes, James F

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-July 8, 1941

C

Calder, William M

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Sept. 3, 1918-May 28, 1919

Call, Wilkinson

    Florida---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10, 1883-Mar. 3, 1897

Cameron, Ralph H

    Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1925-Mar. 3, 1927

Campbell, Ben Nighthorse

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Oct. 12, 1995-Jan. 4, 2005

Carey, Robert D

    Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

Carter, Thomas H

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1901

Case, Clifford P

    New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1962-Jan. 2, 1979

Chamberlain, George E

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-May 28, 1919

Chavez, Dennis

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 6, 1947



May 26, 1948-Nov. 18, 1962

Chiles, Lawton M., Jr

    Florida---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1973-Jan. 2, 1989

Clay, Alexander S

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

June 21, 1906-Nov. 13, 1910

Clements, Earle C

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1957

Cochran, Thad

    Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-

Cockrell, Francis M

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1905

Cohen, John S

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

Apr. 25, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933

Cole, Cornelius

    California------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1873

Conkling, Roscoe

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

Conrad, Kent

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Sept. 18, 1992-Jan. 7, 1993

Coolidge, Marcus A

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

Copeland, Royal S

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1927-June 17, 1938

Cordon, Guy

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 18, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

Cotton, Norris

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1962-Dec. 31, 1974

Craig, Larry

    Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1997-

Culberson, Charles A

    Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1923

Cullom, Shelby M

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 22, 1909

Curtis, Charles

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 4, 1913



Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 3, 1929

D

D'Amato, Alfonse M

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1995

Dale, Porter H

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-Oct. 6, 1933

Daniel, John W

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 18, 1901-June 29, 1910

Davis, Henry G

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1883

Davis, James J

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-Mar. 9, 1933

Dawes, Henry L

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1893

DeConcini, Dennis W

    Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

DeWine, Mike

    Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 25, 2001-

Dickinson, L.J

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1937

Dillingham, William P

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-Sept. 3, 1918

Dirksen, Everett M

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 20, 1959

Dixon, Joseph M

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Dodd, Thomas J

    Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 10, 1961

Dorgan, Byron

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1997-

Domenici, Pete V

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 3, 1983-

Dorsey, Stephen W

    Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 13, 1874-Mar. 3, 1879

Doxey, Wall

    Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1943

Duffy, F. Ryan

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1939

Durbin, Richard

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1999-

Durkin, John A

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 23, 1979-Dec. 29, 1980

Dworshak, Henry C

    Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1949



Jan. 13, 1953-July 23, 1962

E

Eagleton, Thomas F

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1973-Feb. 21, 1985

Eaton, William W

    Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 19, 1875



Mar. 9, 1877-Dec. 5, 1878



Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

Ecton, Zales N

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1953

Edmunds, George F

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 8, 1870-Dec. 6, 1872

Elkins, Stephen B

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1904-Jan. 4, 1911

Ellender, Allen J

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1949-July 27, 1972

F

Faircloth, Lauch

    North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 6, 1999

Farwell, Charles B

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 12, 1887-Mar. 3, 1891

Faulkner, Charles J

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1899

Feinstein, Dianne

    California------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 3, 1995



Jan. 7, 1999-

Ferguson, Homer J

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

Fessenden, William P

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 8, 1869-Sept. 9, 1869

Fong, Hiram L

    Hawaii----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

Foster, Murphy J

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1913

Fowler, Wyche, Jr

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

G

Gallinger, Jacob H

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Dec. 1, 1903-Aug. 17, 1918

Gamble, Robert J

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Garn, Jake

    Utah------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1993

Gay, Edward J

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1921

Glass, Carter

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 13, 1920-May 28, 1946

Glenn, Otis F

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Apr. 22, 1929-Dec. 14, 1931

Gorman, Arthur P

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1899



Dec. 18, 1905-June 4, 1906

Gorton, Slade

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 5, 1991-Jan. 3, 2001

Gramm, Phil

    Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1989-Oct. 12, 1995

Grammar, Elijah S

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 3, 1933

Grassley, Charles E

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1987-Feb. 5, 1991

Green, Theodore F

    Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 10, 1949

Gregg, Judd

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 3, 1995-

Grimes, James W

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 6, 1869

Gronna, Asle J

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1921

Gurney, Chan

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1951

Guthrie, James

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Feb. 7, 1868

H

Hale, Eugene

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1911

Hale, Frederick

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-Jan. 2, 1941

Hardwick, Thomas W

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1919

Harkin, Tom

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 21, 1985-

Harris, William J

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-Apr. 18, 1932

Hatfield, Mark O

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1997

Hayden, Carl T

    Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1969

Hemenway, James A

    Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1909

Hill, J. Lister

    Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 2, 1969

Hitchcock, Herbert E

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 8, 1938

Holland, Spessard L

    Florida---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1971

Hollings, Ernest F

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Jan. 28, 1971-Jan. 4, 2005

Holman, Rufus C

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 2, 1945

Howe, Timothy O

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

Hruska, Roman L

    Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 20, 1959-Dec. 27, 1976

Huddleston, Walter D

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1985

Humphrey, Hubert H

    Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1961-Dec. 29, 1964

Hutchison Kay Bailey

    Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1997-

I

Inouye, Daniel K

    Hawaii----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 28, 1971-

Ives, Irving M

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

May 22, 1957-Jan. 2, 1959

J

Javits, Jacob K

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Aug. 8, 1962-Feb. 25, 1963



Jan. 16, 1967-Jan. 14, 1969

Jeffords, James M

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 2, 1997

Johnson, Lyndon B

    Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 22, 1956-Jan. 3, 1961

Johnson, Tim

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001



July 10, 2001-

Johnston, J. Bennett

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1997

Jones, Andrieus A

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

June 2, 1920-Dec. 20, 1927

Jones, Wesley L

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-Nov. 19, 1932

K

Kasten, Robert W., Jr

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

Kean, John

    New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

Kefauver, C. Estes

    Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-Aug. 10, 1963

Kendrick, John B

    Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1925-Nov. 3, 1933

Kenyon, William S

    Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1917-Feb. 24, 1922

Kerrey, J. Robert

    Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1997

Keyes, Henry W

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Dec. 5, 1922-Jan. 2, 1937

Kilgore, Harley M

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1949-Feb. 28, 1956

Knowland, William F

    California------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949



July 26, 1949-Jan. 2, 1959

Kohl, Herb

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-

Kuchel, Thomas H

    California------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

Kyl, Jon

    Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1999-Jan. 25, 2001



June 6, 2001-July 10, 2001

L

Landrieu, Mary

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001



July 10, 2001-

Lautenberg, Frank R

    New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 21, 1985-Jan. 3, 2001

Laxalt, Paul

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 18, 1974-Jan. 23, 1975



Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1987

Lea, Luke

    Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

Leahy, Patrick J

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 11, 1977-

Lenroot, Irvine L

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 16, 1922-Mar. 3, 1927

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Feb. 16, 1938-Feb. 3, 1944

Logan, John A

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

Lumpkin, Alva M

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

July 31, 1941-Aug. 1, 1941

M

Mack, Connie

    Florida---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 2, 2001

Magnuson, Warren G

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1981

Mahone, William

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1887

Maloney, Francis T

    Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 16, 1945

Mansfield, Michael J

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 25, 1963-Jan. 2, 1977

Martin, Thomas S

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 8, 1910-Nov. 12, 1919

Mathias, Charles McC., Jr

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 5, 1981

Mattingly, Mack F

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

Maybank, Burnet R

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947



Jan. 10, 1949-Sept. 1, 1954

McAdoo, William Gibbs

    California------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 3, 1935-Nov. 8, 1938

McCarran, Patrick A

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-Sept. 28, 1954

McCarthy, Joseph R

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 15, 1951-May 21, 1951



Jan. 14, 1952-May 2, 1957

McClellan, John L

    Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1949-Nov. 28, 1977

McClure, James A

    Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1991

McConnell, Mitch

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-

McGee, Gale W

    Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1977

McKellar, Kenneth D

    Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10, 1923-Jan. 2, 1953

McKinley, William B

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Apr. 18, 1921-Dec. 7, 1926

McMillan, James

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 7, 1902-Aug. 10, 1902

Mead, James M

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1947

Melcher, John

    Montana---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

Mikulski, Barbara A

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1987-

Monroney, A. S. Mike

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

Montoya, Joseph

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

Morrill, Lot M

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1869



Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871



Dec. 6, 1872-July 7, 1876

Morrison, Cameron

    North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1931-Dec. 4, 1932

Mundt, Karl E

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 29, 1971



Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1973

Murdock, Abe

    Utah------------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 28, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

Murphy, Edward J

    New York--------------------------------------------------------

May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1899

Murray, Patty

    Washington------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 7, 1993-

N

Neely, Matthew M

    West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

Dec. 10-1923-Mar. 9, 1925

Newberry, Truman H

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-Nov. 18, 1922

Nickles, Don

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 2, 1995

Nixon, George S

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-June 5, 1912

Norbeck, Peter

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-Dec. 20, 1936

Nye, Gerald P

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1945

O

Oddie Tasker L

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1927-Mar. 3, 1933

Oliver, George T

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Aug. 8, 1912-Mar. 3, 1917

O'Mahoney, Joseph C

    Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1934-Jan. 2, 1953

Overman, Lee S

    North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 8, 1910-Dec. 12, 1930

Overton, John H

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-May 14, 1948

Owen, Robert L

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Dec. 10, 1923

P

Pastore, John O

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 9, 1957-Dec. 28, 1976

Patterson, Roscoe C

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1934-Jan. 2, 1935

Peace, Roger C

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Aug. 7, 1941-Nov. 4, 1941

Pearson, James B.

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 29, 1971

Percy, Charles H

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1972



Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 12, 1973

Perkins, George C

    California------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1915

Pettigrew, Richard F

    South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1901

Phipps, Lawrence C

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1931

Pine, W. B

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

Apr. 22, 1929-Mar. 3, 1931

Plumb, Preston B

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Dec. 20, 1891

Pollock, William P

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

Pool, John

    North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

Potter, Charles E

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1959

Proctor, Redfield

    Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 4, 1908

Proxmire, William

    Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

Aug. 23, 1963-Jan. 2, 1989

Q

Quay, Matthew S

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 30, 1895-Dec. 15, 1899



Dec. 18, 1901-May 28, 1904

R

Ransom, Matt W

    North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

Reed, Clyde

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 14, 1943-Nov. 8, 1949

Reed, Jack

    Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

July 10, 2001-Jan. 15, 2003

Reid, Harry

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1987-

Riegle, Donald W

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

Robertson, A. Willis

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1949-July 26, 1949



Jan. 12, 1950-Jan. 15, 1951



May 21, 1951-Dec. 30, 1966

Robinson, Joseph T

    Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1915-Sept. 9, 1918

Rudman, Warren

    New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

Russell, Richard B

    Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1933-Jan. 21, 1971

S

Saltonstall, Leverett

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1967

Sarbanes, Paul

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

Sargent, Aaron A

    California------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1879

Sasser, James R

    Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

Sawyer, Frederick A

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1873

Schmitt, Harrison

    New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1983

Schoeppel, Andrew F

    Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 13, 1961-Jan. 21, 1962

Schweiker, Richard S

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

Sewell, William J

    New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

May 11, 1897-Dec. 27, 1901

Shafroth, John F

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1919

Shelby, Richard C

    Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 4, 1995-

Sherman, Lawrence Y

    Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

Smith, John Walter

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1921

Smith, Marcus A

    Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

Smith, Margaret Chase

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1973

Smoot, Reed

    Utah------------------------------------------------------------

May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1933

Specter, Arlen

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 5, 1981-

Spencer, Selden P

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

May 28, 1919-May 16, 1925

Sprague, William

    Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1875

Steiwer, Frederick

    Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1930-Jan. 31, 1938

Stennis, John C

    Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1989

Stevens, Ted

    Alaska----------------------------------------------------------

Feb. 23, 1972-

Stevenson, John W

    Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 9, 1875

Stewart, William M

    Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 15, 1893

Stockton, John P

    New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

T

Taft, Robert A

    Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 21, 1941

Teller, Henry M

    Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1909

Thomas, Elmer

    Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1951

Thye, Edward J

    Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1959

Tillman, Benjamin R

    South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1899-July 3, 1918

Townsend, Charles E

    Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 12, 1917

Townsend, John G., Jr

    Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1941

Truman, Harry S

    Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 3, 1935-Jan. 18, 1945

Tydings, Millard E

    Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 6, 1932-Jan. 10, 1949

U

Underwood, Oscar W

    Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 13, 1915-June 2, 1920

W

Wallace, William A

    Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 9, 1877



Dec. 5, 1878-Mar. 3, 1881

Warren, Francis E

    Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1899-Nov. 24, 1929

Weeks, John W

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Sept. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

Weicker, Lowell P., Jr

    Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

Feb. 22, 1977-Jan. 2, 1989

West, J. Rodman

    Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 3, 1877

Wetmore, George P

    Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1907



May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

Wherry, Kenneth S

    Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 18, 1945-Nov. 29, 1951

White, Wallace H., Jr

    Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

Willis, Raymond E

    Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

Wilson, Henry

    Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 8, 1870

Windom, William

    Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 14, 1881

Withers, Robert E

    Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

Mar. 19, 1875-Mar. 3, 1881

Y

Yarborough, Ralph

    Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

Jan. 8, 1965-Jan. 2, 1971

Young, Milton R

    North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1981

NOTE.--From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice President 
and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending on 
March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was 
adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became 
January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential 
term became January 20.
The Committee Rooms

The Senate Committee on Appropriations originally occupied rooms on the 
second floor of the Capitol, Rooms S-219 and S- 219A. In 1911, the 
Committee moved downstairs into what are now rooms S-127, S-128, and S-129. 
The move downstairs coincided with Francis E. Warren's shift from chairing 
the Military Affairs Committee, which had previously occupied S-128 and S-
129, to chairing Appropriations. Thus, on that occasion, the chairman 
retained the same office space, while the committees moved. Appropriations 
has utilized these quarters ever since, with the addition of adjacent rooms 
S-125, S-126, S-130, and S-131.

Outside, over the entrance to the reception room, S-128, is a fresco 
entitled Bellona, the Roman Goddess of War, chosen because at the time it 
was being painted for the Committee on Military Affairs which occupied the 
room. Captain Montgomery C. Meigs of the Army Corps of Engineers, who 
oversaw construction of the new Senate and House wings of the Capitol in 
the 1850s, hired artist Constantino Brumidi to decorate the rooms. Brumidi, 
who arrived in the United States from Italy in 1852, had experience 
painting frescoes in Rome. He prepared designs and supervised the 
decoration of many parts of the Capitol from the 1850s until his death in 
1880. Other notable examples of his work in the Capitol appear in the 
Rotunda and in the ornately decorated corridors on the first floor of the 
Senate wing known as the Brumidi Corridors. Brumidi was working on the 
frieze in the Capitol dome at the time he died.

Today, one can still enjoy the full beauty of the reception room's 
decorations, all in a military motif. Five frescoed lunettes by Brumidi, 
depicting scenes from the Revolutionary War, dominate the upper walls. The 
scenes are entitled Storming Of Stony Point, 1779; Washington at Valley 
Forge, 1778; The Battle of Lexington, 1775; Boston Massacre, 1770; and 
Death of General Wooster, 1777. These frescoes are attractively set off 
above plain painted panels of dark green. Between the panels are six 
pilasters painted by artist James Leslie in 1857 that show trophy weapons 
and military equipment of various historical periods, including swords, 
belts, shields, pistols, pikes, trumpets, powder horns, helmets, flags, 
battle-axes, muskets, and picks. The ceiling is ornately and symmetrically 
decorated with small scenes related to the Revolutionary War, such as the 
death of General Montgomery. Around these images are cherubs, wreaths, 
flowers, arabesques, garlands, shields, and bundles of fasces. A large 
goldleaf mirror, designed for the room in 1859, occupies the center of one 
end of the room. It is decorated at the top with a shield with the Stars 
and Stripes and models of an artillery piece, drums, muskets, and pikes. 
From the ceiling is suspended a large crystal chandelier that replaces the 
original bronze gaslighted fixture.

The main Committee room in the Capitol, S-127, located to the north of the 
reception room, was formerly occupied by the Committee on Naval Affairs. 
The decoration is in a style derived from the remains of ancient Roman wall 
paintings in the Baths of Titus and the excavations of Pompeii. As 
originally designed by Brumidi, the walls were to be filled with depictions 
of U.S. naval battles, and later with illusionistic porticoes. Because of 
dissatisfaction with the artists who were to have carried out the work, 
only one was ever completed. The ceiling is painted in fresco and tempera 
and is highly ornate, dominated by seven Roman gods and goddesses of the 
sea, together with ``America'' in the form of a Native American. 
Interspersed throughout are scenes of mermaids and centaurs, eagles, 
Indians, and settlers. The walls are painted in oil and are divided into 
nine panels of maidens in flowing robes with various naval instruments--a 
compass, a map, a telescope, and other nautical objects. Three crystal 
chandeliers installed in the twentieth century complete the arrangement. Of 
particular interest to visitors is the 30-foot conference table that 
dominates the room, at which each member has a designated place. The room 
is carpeted in a rich red pattern studded with gold stars. A prize-winning 
restoration of the room, carried out between 1978 and 1982, included 
repainting some damaged areas of the walls and removing bookcases and other 
objects that detracted from its appearance. Brumidi's watercolor sketch for 
the room and cleaning tests showed that the backgrounds of the panels with 
the maidens were a vivid blue under layers of dark green overpaint. 
Conservation of the panels began with a study and then a pilot phase on one 
panel to verify that it would be possible to remove the overpaint and 
recover the original background. The conservators found that the most 
effective method was to remove the overpaint and yellowed varnish with 
scalpels. The conservation of all of the maiden panels was undertaken in 
the summer of 2004. Fortunately, the beautiful maidens painted by Brumidi 
were essentially intact, and the conservators were able to skillfully match 
the blue color in areas that had been replastered. The conservators also 
uncovered the original flowers below the maidens and recreated those that 
were lost. A glass panel in the outer door enables members of the public to 
view this beautiful room when it is not in use.

The smaller room adjoining the Committee's reception room, S-129, was 
assigned to the Committee on the Library at the time Brumidi painted the 
ceiling frescoes in 1875. The design therefore represents allegorical 
figures of science, architecture, sculpture, and painting. ``Of special 
note is the depiction of a bust of author Washingon Irving in the scene 
representing `sculpture,' and the drawing of the Capitol dome in the scene 
of `architecture.' The other frescoes show `painting' and `science.'' Not 
until 1910 did Carl Rakemann, whose father had worked with Brumidi, 
complete the decoration of the room. Rakemann, born in Washington, D.C., in 
1878, had studied in Europe and had exhibited at the Corcoran Gallery of 
Art. Since the room was used by the Military Affairs Committee at the time 
he worked, he chose a motif in keeping with the adjoining reception room, 
painting four lunettes containing portraits of outstanding Revolutionary 
generals with historic flags.

The oval portrait in the east lunette shows General George Washington, 
flanked by helmets and military weapons of the time and flags of the 
colonial period--the Grand Union flag and a flag of the Revolutionary 
period of 1777. In the lunette to the south is a portrait of General Joseph 
Warren, a physician who, at the age of 34, was killed at Bunker Hill. On 
either side of the portrait are the Bunker Hill flag of 1775-1777 and the 
Pine Tree flag of the same period. On the west side of the room, the 
lunette contains a portrait of General ``Mad'' Anthony Wayne, hero of the 
victory at Stony Point. His portrait is flanked by the Massachusetts flag 
of the period between 1775 and 1777 and the Rattle Snake flag of the same 
period, with the famous inscribed warning: ``Don't tread on me.'' The north 
lunette contains a portrait of General Horatio Gates. On the right is the 
Liberty flag of 1775-1777, and on the left an American flag of 1818.

Four less elaborately decorated rooms complete the Committee's suite. These 
include S-125, used for more than 40 years by the Committee on the 
Judiciary before being transferred to Appropriations in 1947, and S-126, 
assigned to Judiciary for 90 years until 1947. The original murals and 
frescoes in this latter room have disappeared; the present ceiling design 
was painted in the twentieth century, and the room underwent extensive 
renovation in 1992 and 1995. Room S-130, used during several periods by the 
Committee on the Library and from 1933 to 1941 by the majority leader, was 
assigned to Appropriations in 1943, as was Room S-131, also previously used 
by the majority leader. A lunette in the corridor over the door to S-131 
contains an 1875 fresco by Brumidi titled Authority Consults the Written 
Law, designed for the Committee on Revision of the Laws, which occupied the 
room at the time. In September 1996 the Senate designated S-131 as the 
``Mark Hatfield Room,'' in honor of the former Committee Chairman.
                    Staff Directors to the Committee

Amos Pickard

March 9, 1867-November 30, 1872.

W. C. Thompkins

December 1, 1872-March 30, 1873.

Thomas P. Cleaves

December 1, 1873-August 10, 1910.

Kennedy F. Rea

November 1, 1910-April 30, 1911.

Joseph A. Breckons

April 30, 1911-March 15, 1913.

Kennedy F. Rea

March 16, 1913-November 28, 1938.

Everard H. Smith

December 1, 1938-December 30, 1965.

Thomas J. Scott

January 1, 1966-July 1, 1973.

James R. Calloway

July 1, 1973-December 31, 1979.

W. Featherstone Reid

January 27, 1979-January 2, 1981.

J. Keith Kennedy

January 5, 1981-January 6, 1987.

Francis J. Sullivan

January 6, 1987-January 3, 1989.

James H. English

January 3, 1989-January 4, 1995.

J. Keith Kennedy

January 4, 1995-January 7, 1997.

Steven J. Cortese

January 7, 1997-June 6, 2001.

Terrence E. Sauvain

June 6, 2001-January 15, 2003.

Steven J. Cortese

January 15, 2003-March 10, 2003.

James W. Morhard

March 10, 2003-January 5, 2005.

J. Keith Kennedy

January 5, 2005-
Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to Appropriations

RULE XVI--APPROPRIATIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS

1. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendments shall be received 
to any general appropriation bill the effect of which will be to increase 
an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a new item of 
appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the provisions of some 
existing law, or treaty stipulation, or act or resolution previously passed 
by the Senate during that session; or unless the same be moved by direction 
of the Committee on Appropriations or of a committee of the Senate having 
legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter, or proposed in pursuance of 
an estimate submitted in accordance with law.

2. The Committee on Appropriations shall not report an appropriation bill 
containing amendments to such bill proposing new or general legislation or 
any restriction on the expenditure of the funds appropriated which proposes 
a limitation not authorized by law if such restriction is to take effect or 
cease to be effective upon the happening of a contingency, and if an 
appropriation bill is reported to the Senate containing amendments to such 
bill proposing new or general legislation or any such restriction, a point 
of order may be made against the bill, and if the point is sustained, the 
bill shall be recommitted to the Committee on Appropriations.

3. All amendments to general appropriation bills moved by direction of a 
committee having legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter proposing 
to increase an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add new 
items of appropriation, shall, at least one day before they are considered, 
be referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and when actually proposed 
to the bill no amendment proposing to increase the amount stated in such 
amendment shall be received on a point of order made by any Senator.

4. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment offered by any 
other Senator which proposes general legislation shall be received to any 
general appropriation bill, nor shall any amendment not germane or relevant 
to the subject matter contained in the bill be received; nor shall any 
amendment to any item or clause of such bill be received which does not 
directly relate thereto; nor shall any restriction on the expenditure of 
the funds appropriated which proposes a limitation not authorized by law be 
received if such restriction is to take effect or cease to be effective 
upon the happening of a contingency; and all questions of relevancy of 
amendments under this rule, when raised, shall be submitted to the Senate 
and be decided without debate; and any such amendment or restriction to a 
general appropriation bill may be laid on the table without prejudice to 
the bill.

5. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment, the object of 
which is to provide for a private claim, shall be received to any general 
appropriation bill, unless it be to carry out the provisions of an existing 
law or a treaty stipulation, which shall be cited on the face of the 
amendment.

6. When a point of order is made against any restriction on the expenditure 
of funds appropriated in a general appropriation bill on the ground that 
the restriction violates this rule, the rule shall be construed strictly 
and, in case of doubt, in favor of the point of order.

7. Every report on general appropriation bills filed by the Committee on 
Appropriations shall identify with particularity each recommended amendment 
which proposes an item of appropriation which is not made to carry out the 
provisions of an existing law, a treaty stipulation, or an act or 
resolution previously passed by the Senate during that session.

8. On a point of order made by any Senator, no general appropriation bill 
or amendment thereto shall be received or considered if it contains a 
provision reappropriating unexpended balances of appropriations; except 
that this provision shall not apply to appropriations in continuation of 
appropriations for public works on which work has commenced.
RULE XXV--STANDING COMMITTEES

1. The following standing committees shall be appointed at the commencement 
of each Congress, and shall continue and have the power to act until their 
successors are appointed, with leave to report by bill or otherwise on 
matters within their respective jurisdictions:

* * * * *

(b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee shall be referred all 
proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters 
relating to the following subjects:

1 Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the Government, except as 
provided in subparagraph (e).

2. Rescission of appropriations contained in appropriation Acts (referred 
to in section 105 of title 1, United States Code).

3. The amount of new spending authority described in section 401(c)(2) (A) 
and (B) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 which is to be effective 
for a fiscal year.

4. New spending authority described in section 401(c)(2)(C) of the 
Congressional Budget Act of 1974 provided in bills and resolutions referred 
to the committee under section 401(b)(2) of that Act (but subject to the 
provisions of section 401(b)(3) of that Act).
                             Acknowledgments


      The original publication of this history benefitted from the 
 contributions and cooperation of a number of Congressional offices and 
 agencies, including the Parliamentarian of the Senate, the Library of 
 Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the U.S. Senate 
             Historical Office, and the U.S. Senate Library.

   This update and revision of the original publication also received 
   assistance from several Congressional offices, especially the U.S. 
    Senate Library, the Congressional Research Service, the General 
   Accounting Office, and the U.S. Senate Historical Office. Special 
 recognition and appreciation are extended to Ms. Wendy Wolff, formerly 
       the historical editor of the U.S. Senate Historical Office.



                              Bibliography

Primary Sources:


        Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Files

                           Congressional Globe

                          Congressional Record

Encyclopedia:


    Bacon, Donald C., Roger H. Davidson, and Morton Keller, eds. The 
  Encyclopedia of the United States Congress. New York, 1995. 1:78-82.

 Silbey, Joel, ed. Encyclopedia of the American Legislative System. New 
                         York, 1994. 2:1015-31.

Books:


          Fenno, Richard. The Power of the Purse. Boston, 1966.

            ------. Congressmen in Committees. Boston, 1974.

    Fisher, Louis. Presidential Spending Power. Princeton, NJ, 1975.

    Hayes, George H. The Senate of the United States. New York, 1960.

    Horn, Stephen. Unused Power: The Work of the Senate Committee on 
                  Appropriations. Washington, DC, 1970.

Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Mathew D. McCubbins. The Logic of Delegation. 
                             Chicago, 1991.

Ott, John J., and Attiat F. Ott. Federal Budget Policy. Washington, DC, 
                                  1965.

      Penner, Rudolph, and Alan J. Abramson. Broken Purse Strings: 
             Congressional Budgeting. Washington, DC, 1988.

        Schick, Allen. Congress and Money. Washington, DC, 1980.

Smithies, Arthur. The Budgetary Process in the United States. New York, 
                                  1955.

        Stewart, Charles. Budget Reform Politics. New York, 1989.

  Wildavsky, Aaron. The Politics of the Budgetary Process. Boston,1984.

 ------. The New Politics of the Budgetary Process. Glenview, IL, 1988.

     Wolanin, Barbara. Constantino Brumidi: Artist of the Capitol. 
                          Washington, DC, 1998.

ELECTRONIC


  U.S. Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 
               1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov.

                                     

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