[Senate Document 108-5]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]





 
                        Daniel Patrick Moynihan

                      LATE A SENATOR FROM NEW YORK

                         MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AND

                             OTHER TRIBUTES

                                 IN THE CONGRESS OF

                                  THE UNITED STATES

             [GRAPHIC(S) NOT AVAILABLE IN TIFF FORMAT]
             
                                           




                      hon. daniel patrick moynihan


                               1927 -2003

                      

                                           
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                               Memorial Addresses and

                                   Other Tributes

                                 HELD IN THE SENATE

                            AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                                OF THE UNITED STATES

                          TOGETHER WITH A MEMORIAL SERVICE

                                     IN HONOR OF

                               DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN

                      Late a Senator from New York

                      One Hundred Eighth Congress

                             First Session


                          


                                           




                            Compiled under the direction

                                       of the

                             Joint Committee on Printing


                                      CONTENTS
             Biography.............................................
                                                                      v
             Proceedings in the Senate:

                Tributes by Senators:
                    Akaka, Daniel K., of Hawaii....................
                                                                     79
                    Alexander, Lamar, of Tennessee.................
                                                                     11
                    Baucus, Max, of Montana........................
                                                                     30
                    Bennett, Robert F., of Utah....................
                                                                      7
                    Biden, Joseph R., Jr., of Delaware.............
                                                                     34
                    Bond, Christopher S., of Missouri..............
                                                                     57
                    Brownback, Sam, of Kansas......................
                                                                     62
                    Burns, Conrad R., of Montana...................
                                                                     58
                    Byrd, Robert C., of West Virginia..............
                                                                     59
                    Chafee, Lincoln D., of Rhode Island............
                                                                     78
                    Clinton, Hillary Rodham, of New York...........
                                                                  3, 45
                    Cochran, Thad, of Mississippi..................
                                                                     77
                    Conrad, Kent, of North Dakota..................
                                                                     69
                    Daschle, Thomas A., of South Dakota............
                                                                  5, 55
                    Dodd, Christopher J., of Connecticut...........
                                                                     48
                    Domenici, Pete V., of New Mexico...............
                                                                     66
                    Feingold, Russell D., of Wisconsin.............
                                                                     72
                    Frist, Bill, of Tennessee 
                     ...............................................
                     .........
                                                             13, 16, 65
                    Graham, Bob, of Florida........................
                                                                     68
                    Hagel, Chuck, of Nebraska......................
                                                                     71
                    Hollings, Ernest F., of South Carolina.........
                                                                     52
                    Inhofe, James M., of Oklahoma..................
                                                                     29
                    Kennedy, Edward M., of Massachusetts...........
                                                                     53
                    Lautenberg, Frank, of New Jersey...............
                                                                     17
                    Levin, Carl, of Michigan.......................
                                                                     50
                    Lieberman, Joseph I., of Connecticut...........
                                                                     71
                    Lott, Trent, of Mississippi....................
                                                                      6
                    Lugar, Richard G., of Indiana..................
                                                                     34
                    Reid, Harry, of Nevada.........................
                                                                     25
                    Sarbanes, Paul S., of Maryland.................
                                                                     74
                    Schumer, Charles, of New York 
                     ............................................
                                                              4, 35, 42
                    Sessions, Jeff, of Alabama.....................
                                                                     16
                    Snowe, Olympia J., of Maine....................
                                                                     80
                    Warner, John W., of Virginia...................
                                                                     73
             Proceedings in the House of Representatives:

                Tributes by Representatives:
                    Blumenauer, Earl, of Oregon....................
                                                                     88
                    Davis, Tom, of Virginia........................
                                                                     88
                    Hinojosa, Ruben, of Texas......................
                                                                     86
                    Maloney, Carolyn B., of New York...............
                                                                     83
             Memorial Service......................................
                                                                     91
                                      BIOGRAPHY

               Daniel Patrick Moynihan served as the senior U.S. 
             Senator from New York. First elected in 1976, Senator 
             Moynihan was re-elected in 1982, 1988, and 1994. He then 
             became a university professor at Syracuse University and a 
             senior scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center 
             for Scholars in Washington, DC. In May 2001, President 
             George W. Bush appointed him co-chair of the President's 
             Commission to Strengthen Social Security. He also served 
             as a member of the National Commission on Federal Election 
             Reform (2001).
               Senator Moynihan was the ranking minority member of the 
             Senate Committee on Finance, having earlier served as 
             chairman. He was on the Senate Committee on Environment 
             and Public Works of which he was also formerly chairman, 
             and the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. He 
             was also a member of the Joint Committee on Taxation and 
             the Joint Committee on the Library. A member of the 
             Cabinet or sub-Cabinet of Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, 
             Nixon, and Ford, Senator Moynihan is the only person in 
             American history to serve in the Cabinet or sub-Cabinet 
             for four successive administrations. He was U.S. 
             Ambassador to India from 1973 to 1975 and U.S. 
             Representative to the United Nations from 1975 to 1976. In 
             February 1976 he represented the United States as 
             president of the U.N. Security Council.
               Senator Moynihan was born March 16, 1927. He attended 
             public and parochial schools in New York City and 
             graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School in East 
             Harlem. He attended the City College of New York for 1 
             year before enlisting in the U.S. Navy. He served on 
             active duty from 1944 to 1947, last serving as Gunnery 
             Officer of the U.S.S. Quirinus. In 1966 he completed 20 
             years in the Naval Reserve and was retired. He earned his 
             bachelor's degree (cum laude) from Tufts University, 
             studied at the London School of Economics as a Fulbright 
             scholar, and received his M.A. and Ph.D. from Tufts' 
             Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Senator Moynihan was 
             a member of Averell Harriman's New York gubernatorial 
             campaign in 1954 and thereafter served 4 years on the 
             Governor's staff, in positions including acting secretary 
             to the Governor. He was a Kennedy delegate at the 1960 
             Democratic Convention. From 1961 to 1965, he served in the 
             U.S. Department of Labor as Assistant to the Secretary, 
             Arthur J. Goldberg, and later as Assistant Secretary of 
             Labor for Policy Planning and Research. In 1966, Senator 
             Moynihan became director of the Joint Center for Urban 
             Studies at Harvard University and the Massachusetts 
             Institute of Technology. He was a professor of government 
             at Harvard, having earlier been an assistant professor of 
             government at Syracuse University, and a fellow at the 
             Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan University. He has 
             received 65 honorary degrees including a doctorate of laws 
             from Yale University in 2000 and from Harvard University 
             in 2002. Senator Moynihan is the author or editor of 18 
             books. His last book, Secrecy, was published by Yale in 
             the fall of 1998. The study expands on the report of the 
             Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, 
             of which he was chairman. Starting in 1977, Senator 
             Moynihan published an annual accounting of the flow of 
             funds between the Federal Government and the State of New 
             York. In 1992, the analysis became a joint publication 
             with the Taubman Center for State and Local Government at 
             the John F. Kennedy School at Harvard and began including 
             all 50 States.
               Senator Moynihan was a fellow of the American 
             Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He was 
             chairman of the AAAS section on Social, Economic and 
             Political Science (1971-1972) and a member of the board of 
             directors (1972-1973). He served as a member of the 
             President's Science Advisory Committee (1971-1973). He was 
             vice chairman (1971-1976) of the board of the Woodrow 
             Wilson International Center for Scholars.
               He was founding chairman of the board of trustees of the 
             Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (1971-1985), for 
             which he received the Smithsonian Institution's Joseph 
             Henry Medal in 1985. From 1987 to 2001, he was a member of 
             the Smithsonian's board of regents, and in 2001 was named 
             regent emeritus.
               In 1965, Senator Moynihan received the Arthur S. 
             Flemming Award for his work as ``an architect of the 
             Nation's program to eradicate poverty.'' He has also 
             received the International League of Human Rights Award 
             (1975) and the John LaFarge Award for Interracial Justice 
             (1980). In 1983, he was the first recipient of the 
             American Political Science Association's Hubert H. 
             Humphrey Award for ``notable public service by a political 
             scientist.'' In 1984, Senator Moynihan received the State 
             University of New York at Albany's Medallion of the 
             University in recognition of his ``extraordinary public 
             service and leadership in the field of education.'' In 
             1986, he received the Agency Seal Medallion of the Central 
             Intelligence Agency in recognition of his ``outstanding 
             accomplishments as a member of the Senate Select Committee 
             on Intelligence, . . . serving with full knowledge that 
             his achievements would never receive public recognition.''
               He has also received the Laetare Medal of the University 
             of Notre Dame (1992); the Thomas Jefferson Award for 
             Public Architecture from the American Institute of 
             Architects (1992); the Thomas Jefferson Medal for 
             Distinguished Achievement in the Arts or Humanities from 
             the American Philosophical Society (1993); and the Thomas 
             Jefferson Medal in Architecture from the University of 
             Virginia (2000). In 1994, he received the Gold Medal Award 
             honoring ``services to humanity'' from the National 
             Institute of Social Sciences. In 1997, the College of 
             Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University awarded 
             Senator Moynihan the Cartwright Prize. He was the 1998 
             recipient of the Heinz Award in Public Policy for ``having 
             been a distinct and unique voice in this century--
             independent in his convictions, a scholar, teacher, 
             statesman and politician, skilled in the art of the 
             possible.'' In August 2000, he received the Presidential 
             Medal of Freedom, the Nation's highest civil honor. He was 
             the recipient in October 2001 of the second annual Urban 
             Land Institute-J.C. Nichols Prize for Visionary Urban 
             Development in recognition of his lifelong dedication to 
             excellence in urban design, public building architecture 
             and community revitalization issues.
               Elizabeth Brennan Moynihan, his wife of 47 years, is an 
             architectural historian with a special interest in 16th 
             century Mughal architecture in India. She is the author of 
             Paradise as a Garden: In Persia and Mughal India (1979), 
             editor of The Moonlight Garden: New Discoveries at the Taj 
             Mahal (2001) and numerous articles. Mrs. Moynihan is a 
             former chairman of the board of the American Schools of 
             Oriental Research. She served as a member of the Indo-U.S. 
             Subcommission on Education and Culture, and is currently 
             on the visiting committee of the Freer Gallery of Art at 
             the Smithsonian. She is vice chair of the board of the 
             National Building Museum and serves on the Trustees 
             Council of the Preservation League of New York State. 
             There are three Moynihan children: Timothy Patrick, Maura 
             Russell, and John McCloskey; along with two grandchildren: 
             Michael Patrick and Zora Olea.


                                 MEMORIAL ADDRESSES

                                         AND

                                   OTHER TRIBUTES

                                         FOR

                               DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN

                              Proceedings in the Senate
                                              Wednesday, March 26, 2003

                         TRIBUTE TO DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN

               Mrs. CLINTON. Madam President, I come to the floor on 
             very sad business, both for this body, for my State, and 
             my country. We have just received word that Senator Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan has passed away. For those of us who were 
             privileged to know him, to work with him, to admire and 
             respect him, this is a loss beyond my capacity to express.
               Senator Moynihan for decades represented the highest 
             ideals and values of the United States of America. A son 
             of Hell's Kitchen in New York City, he rose to be a 
             confidante and adviser to Presidents. He is responsible 
             for many of the most important ideas and legislative 
             programs that have improved the lives of people in New 
             York, people here in Washington, DC, and our country and 
             around the world.
               I am very honored to hold the seat that Senator Moynihan 
             held for so long and so well. Along with his wonderful 
             wife Liz Moynihan, they have been great counselors and 
             advisers to me personally. I will miss him greatly.
               Sometimes when I sit here on the floor of the Senate, I 
             wish that Senator Moynihan could be here in spirit as well 
             as body, that his wise counsel could influence our 
             decisionmaking, that he would remind us that what we do, 
             what we say, what we vote for is not just for today, it is 
             for all time. It goes down into the history books. It 
             represents the judgments that we make. It truly displays 
             the values that we claim to hold.
               He understood that being a U.S. Senator was a precious 
             trust. Anyone who ever heard him speak knows the 
             experience of learning more than you ever thought possible 
             in a short period of time. He could explain and expound on 
             such a range of subjects that it took my breath away. I 
             remember riding with him through western New York on a bus 
             during the 1992 campaign and hearing the most exquisite 
             disposition about the history of the Indian nations, the 
             Revolutionary War, the geological formations. The love he 
             had for New York and America was overwhelming and so 
             obvious to anyone who spent more than a minute in his 
             company.
               He also held high standards about what we should expect 
             from this great country of ours. He wanted us to keep 
             looking beyond the short term, looking beyond the horizon, 
             thinking about the next generation, understanding the big 
             problems that confront us, having the courage to tackle 
             what is not immediately popular, even not immediately 
             understandable, because that is what we are charged to do 
             in this deliberative body.
               Senator Moynihan's scholarly undertakings also will 
             stand the test of time. He sometimes was ahead of his 
             time. In each of his writings or his speeches, whether you 
             agreed with him or not, you were forced to think and think 
             hard. He certainly opened my eyes to a lot of difficult 
             issues.
               I could not have had a stronger, more helpful adviser 
             during my campaign than Senator Moynihan. I started my 
             listening tour of my exploration of whether or not to run 
             for this office at Pindars Corners, his farm in upstate 
             New York, a place that he loved beyond words.
               I met him in a little schoolhouse, a 19th century 
             schoolhouse that was on the property where he wrote. He 
             would walk down the road from his house to that little 
             schoolhouse every day where he would think deeply and 
             write about the issues that he knew would be important, 
             not just for tomorrow's headline but for years and years 
             to come.
               There is not any way that anyone will ever fill his 
             place in this Senate, not just in the order of succession 
             definition but in the intellectual power, the passion, the 
             love of this extraordinary body and our country. He will 
             be so missed.
               On behalf of myself and my family and the people I 
             represent, I extend my condolence and sympathy not only to 
             his wonderful family and not only to New Yorkers who 
             elected him time and time again, increasing majorities 
             from one end of the State to the next, but to our country. 
             We have lost a great American, an extraordinary Senator, 
             an intellectual, and a man of passion and understanding 
             about what really makes this country great.

               Mr. SCHUMER. Madam President, I rise in abject sadness 
             on the horrible news that Senator Moynihan has passed from 
             our midst. When it was announced in our caucus that this 
             terrible event had occurred, you could just see the energy 
             come out of the room and the sadness come on everybody's 
             face. Senator Moynihan was a unique individual. He wasn't 
             just another Senator. He wasn't just another human being. 
             He was very special.
               Rarely has one man changed society so with his ideas, 
             the idea that one man can change society for the better. 
             Senator Moynihan's life was testament to that fact. His 
             life was testament to the fact that one man who just 
             thinks can make an enormous difference. He was truly a 
             giant--a giant as a thinker, as a Senator, and as a human 
             being. He was a kind and compassionate person, a loving 
             husband. Liz, our thoughts go out to you and to all of the 
             Moynihan children and family. I have known him for a very 
             long time.
               When I was a student at Harvard College, I audited his 
             course. I got to know him a little bit then. As I went 
             through my congressional career, we used to have lunch 
             every so often. He was a complete joy to just sit down and 
             have lunch with and exchange ideas.
               He looked out for people. He cared about people. He had 
             real courage. When he disagreed with the conventional 
             wisdom, nothing would stop Pat Moynihan from making his 
             view heard and making it heard in such an interesting and 
             intellectually and thoughtful way.
               Again, he changed our world for the better. There are 
             hundreds of millions of human beings in this country who 
             do not know it, but he made their lives better. There are 
             billions of people in the world, and through his work he 
             made their lives better.
               Senator Moynihan was loved in my home State of New York 
             from one end of the State to the other. We are a big, 
             broad, diverse State. It is very hard to find consensus 
             with 19 million New Yorkers, but just about everybody 
             loved Pat Moynihan. He did it through a big heart and a 
             great mind.
               He is now with his Maker. I know I will be looking up to 
             the heavens for inspiration, as I looked to Senator 
             Moynihan's office when he was still with us.
               I very much regret his passing. I pray for the Moynihan 
             family and for the children. I hope God gives us a few 
             more Pat Moynihans in this Senate and in this country. I 
             thank the Chair.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Democratic leader.

               Mr. DASCHLE. Madam President, I commend the 
             distinguished Senator from New York for his eloquence and 
             his empathy for the family especially of our departed 
             colleague, Pat Moynihan.
               The Senator from New York used the term ``giant,'' and, 
             indeed, in this case, I can think of no better word to 
             describe the man, the magnitude, the depth, the history, 
             the persona of Pat Moynihan.
               The Almanac of American Politics called Pat Moynihan the 
             Nation's best thinker among politicians since Lincoln and 
             its best politician among thinkers since Jefferson. 
             Scholar, educator, statesman, adviser to four Presidents--
             Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon, and Ford--Pat Moynihan 
             was the only person in American history to serve in a 
             Cabinet or sub-Cabinet position in four successive 
             administrations.
               As my colleagues have noted, he represented the State of 
             New York for 24 years in the Senate with unique vision, 
             imagination, intelligence, and integrity. In many 
             respects, Pat Moynihan was larger than life, whether on 
             the streets of New York or in the corridors of this 
             Capitol. He was a beloved father, grandfather, friend, and 
             colleague to so many of us.
               I, too, extend my condolences on behalf of the entire 
             Senate to his wife Liz, to his children, Tim, Maura, and 
             John, his grandchildren, Zora and Michael Patrick. New 
             York and the Nation have lost a giant.
               I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Mississippi.

               Mr. LOTT. Madam President, I was very sorry to learn of 
             the passing of our good friend and great Senator from New 
             York, Senator Moynihan. I wanted to come and extend 
             condolences on behalf of myself and a lot of other 
             Senators to the family, the children, the grandchildren, 
             and the people of New York, and to America because we have 
             lost truly a great man in Senator Pat Moynihan.
               Sometimes people do not realize the types of 
             relationships we do build in this Chamber across the broad 
             philosophical and partisan divide. But Pat Moynihan was 
             not that kind of man. He was always willing to work with 
             Senators, no matter where they were from or what their 
             views were, to try to do the right thing.
               Since I have been watching the Senate over the last 30 
             years up close and personal, as a House Member and a 
             Senator, I have not known a more brilliant and more 
             erudite Senator than the distinguished Senator Pat 
             Moynihan of New York. He served his country in so many 
             different critical roles.
               He studied, wrote papers, and made us realize problems 
             we would just as soon not talk about--problems with the 
             children in America, the problems of poverty, the 
             importance of the world community.
               He did so many exceptional things for Democratic 
             administrations and, yes, Republican administrations, and 
             in the majority and in the minority in the Senate. I grew 
             to admire him and appreciate him, to seek his advice, and 
             even try to get his vote on occasion, and on occasion he 
             gave it because I was able to convince him that maybe it 
             was the right thing to do.
               He also had a sense of humor I learned to appreciate. 
             But more than anything, I will remember my encounters with 
             Senator Moynihan in the little dining room downstairs. 
             About once a week--sometimes not that often, maybe once a 
             month--I would go down to get a bite to eat and he would 
             be there. He always ate strange orders of food, I might 
             say, but I just loved his knowledge. It became an 
             opportunity for me to learn about the world. I would pick 
             a country: Tell me about India. An hour later he was still 
             talking.
               I remember one time, I said, ``I do not quite understand 
             what is going on in East Timor,'' and he corrected my 
             pronunciation and told me what was going on in that part 
             of the world, what had happened historically--such a 
             wealth of knowledge--all the players involved, the 
             religious considerations, what the solutions could have 
             been, what the solutions might be, what the future would 
             hold. More than once--I would say at least three times--
             before I got back to my office, before the afternoon was 
             out, a book would arrive that he had written or that I 
             should read to understand what was going on in the world. 
             What a special touch.
               Senator Pat Moynihan tried to help educate this Senator, 
             one who needed a lot of help. He gave me a greater 
             appreciation of our relationship with countries and people 
             all over the world.
               This was a giant of a man, a giant of a Senator, a 
             humble man, in many respects. I have missed him since he 
             left the Senate, and we will all miss him now that he has 
             gone on to his great reward.
               I had to come to the floor and express my personal 
             feelings about the great Senator from New York and how 
             much he meant to me personally, to the Senate, and to the 
             country.

               Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I have just heard the 
             saddening news that our former colleague, Senator Moynihan 
             of New York, has passed away. This is a great loss for the 
             State of New York, but it is also a great loss for the 
             people of the United States. He was one of the truly 
             outstanding public servants of his time and one of the 
             intellectual towers of this body.
               I first met Pat Moynihan when I served in the Nixon 
             administration working at the Department of 
             Transportation. I can say with some accuracy that the name 
             Pat Moynihan filled us all with dread and fear because he 
             was the President's counselor on domestic issues. We were 
             afraid he would come to the Department of Transportation 
             and expose all of our weaknesses; that with his intellect 
             he could discover very quickly where we were doing things 
             wrong.
               I met him at the White House as we would go over and 
             discuss various transportation issues. On one occasion, 
             Secretary Volpe invited Mr. Moynihan to come to the 
             department and address all of the department's senior 
             management. We had a program of management dinners where 
             all of the senior officials of the department would gather 
             together and we would have a speaker come in and talk with 
             us. Mr. Moynihan was the first of those speakers, along 
             with Bryce Harlow, who came at my invitation, a little 
             later. That was my moment in the sun with Secretary Volpe, 
             that I was able to call Bryce Harlow and get him to come 
             over and give the address.
               I still remember very clearly what Pat Moynihan said to 
             us on that occasion and the lesson he gave us. Being the 
             student of history that he was, he went back to relatively 
             recent history in describing pivotal events in America. He 
             made this point: Political scientists assume that 
             President Kennedy and President Johnson were activist 
             Presidents, whereas President Eisenhower is always 
             described as a passive President, or a pacifist kind of 
             President. He said that particular characterization is 
             given by their opponents, as well as their defenders, 
             people defending Eisenhower's passive attitude toward 
             government, as well as those attacking it, and so on with 
             Kennedy and Johnson.
               However, he said, history will show that President 
             Eisenhower affected life in the United States more than 
             all of the things done by Kennedy and Johnson put 
             together. Why? Because President Eisenhower was 
             responsible for the creation of the interstate highway 
             system.
               Recognize again, he was addressing a group of officials 
             at the Department of Transportation. He had done his 
             homework and focused on a transportation issue. He 
             outlined for us the changes in American life that came 
             from the interstate highway system, how cities that were 
             left off the system more or less withered and died and 
             other cities that found themselves on the system had 
             tremendous growth; how the system created efficiency for 
             the transportation of goods and people all over the United 
             States.
               I remember one statistic, when I worked at the 
             Department of Transportation, that said 95 percent of 
             intercity trips took place on the interstate highway 
             system. We focused on travel as being a competition in 
             those days between air travel and rail travel, and indeed 
             in the industrial age, going back to Abraham Lincoln's 
             time and after the Civil War, almost all intercity trips 
             were by rail. Then the airlines came in and we talked 
             about the airlines cutting into the rail industry.
               He pointed out it was not the airline industry that 
             destroyed railroad passenger traffic; it was the 
             interstate highway system and the convenience that came 
             with the opportunity to take one's own automobile and go 
             from one city to the other and then have local 
             transportation while there. They did not have to catch a 
             cab when they came out of the train station. They brought 
             it with them.
               It was this ability to see beyond the specifics of 
             conventional wisdom, step back and see the overall picture 
             that defined Pat Moynihan. He did it for us in that 
             particular speech, but he did it throughout his entire 
             career.
               I remember as we became acquainted that he talked with 
             me about the work he did with my father when my father was 
             in the Senate and he was in the Nixon administration. They 
             were talking about programs that the Nixon administration 
             tried to put into place which, for one reason or another, 
             the Congress did not accept. He said to me, if we had 
             prevailed in that program that Wallace Bennett was for, we 
             wouldn't have many of the urban problems that we have 
             today.
               I won't try to imitate his accent because it was 
             distinctly his and was part of his charm.
               One of the things that I had not understood but that I 
             came to know while Pat Moynihan was in the Senate was the 
             role he played in the rejuvenation of Washington, DC. The 
             story is told and accepted as conventional wisdom that 
             when John F. Kennedy went in his inaugural parade from the 
             Capitol to the White House, he noticed how rundown 
             Pennsylvania Avenue was--and it was. Those of us who 
             remember Pennsylvania Avenue in the 1960s remember it as a 
             place of rundown seedy shops and disreputable buildings 
             that were badly in need of replacement. The conventional 
             wisdom is that John F. Kennedy noticed that as he went by 
             in his limousine and said, ``We have to do something about 
             that.'' And the rejuvenation of Pennsylvania Avenue began 
             in the Kennedy administration.
               In fact, that is not true. It was not John F. Kennedy 
             who noticed it; it was Pat Moynihan who noticed it and 
             called it to the attention of John F. Kennedy, who, then, 
             in the spirit of all of us in politics, took his staffer's 
             advice and put it forward as his own.
               Pat Moynihan, as chairman of what we used to call the 
             Public Works Committee--now it is the Environment and 
             Public Works Committee--saw to it that Pennsylvania Avenue 
             was turned into the kind of memorial avenue that the 
             world's greatest power deserves; that it changed from what 
             it had been to become the architectural delight that it is 
             today.
               I had not realized that until I read Pat Moynihan's 
             memos. He shared them with me, in another circumstance, 
             and going through the memos I realized he was personally 
             the driving force behind that kind of an effort. That 
             demonstrates how much of a renaissance man he was. He was 
             interested in architecture. He was interested in art. He 
             was one of those who helped create the National Endowment 
             for the Arts.
               Yes, as a legislator he was interested in public issues 
             and public policy, but as a renaissance man he remained 
             interested in just about everything else.
               I can't think of any career covering a wider number of 
             opportunities than his: Ambassador to the United Nations, 
             Ambassador to India, serving Presidents regardless of 
             party, regardless of ideology, with wisdom, clarity, and 
             again the ability to see the big picture, the overall 
             historical circumstance, and not just the issue directly 
             in front of him.
               I remember when he was chairman of the Finance Committee 
             and we were locked in this Chamber in a bitter battle over 
             health care. He did his duty. He was the good soldier. He 
             did his best to carry the water for the administration. 
             But in private conversations with him he would candidly 
             share some of the same concerns that the rest of us had. 
             While he was the good soldier all the way to the end, I 
             know he gave the administration Dutch uncle advice as to 
             what they should be doing.
               I remember sitting in the Cabinet Room of the White 
             House when President Clinton had a group of us down to 
             talk about what we needed to do to get trade authority, to 
             get fast track. All of us were being appropriately 
             respectful of the President, as you are in that kind of 
             circumstance. All of us were trying to put forward our 
             opinions in as tender and gingerly expressed a way as we 
             could because we were with the President. Pat Moynihan sat 
             at the President's left and the President said, ``What do 
             we need to do to get trade authority passed?''
               He said, ``Sir, you need to get more Democrats.''
               That warmed my heart. The Republicans were in favor of 
             fast track. We didn't want to say it. And Pat Moynihan 
             summarized it: ``Sir, you need to get more Democrats.''
               The President looked at him and said; ``Pat, you are 
             absolutely right. How do we do that?''
               Then they had a very candid discussion.
               He was not overly awed by anyone, regardless--with 
             respect to their position. But he was always awed by any 
             human being who had something to tell him. His attitude 
             was that he could learn from anyone.
               His health was not the best. His passing is not 
             unexpected. But this is a time for us to rejoice in the 
             opportunity of having known him, having worked with him in 
             this body and having been blessed by his intellect, his 
             humor, his humility, and his great understanding. We shall 
             miss him, and we express our great condolence to his wife 
             Liz and to all of the members of his family.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Coleman). The Senator from 
             Tennessee.

               Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. President, I am glad I had the 
             opportunity to hear the Senator from Utah talk about our 
             friend Pat Moynihan because in 1969 the Senator from Utah 
             and I had different jobs. I was working for Bryce Harlow 
             in the White House and he was working for Secretary Volpe, 
             both of us in the Nixon administration.
               One of the things I think many people will find 
             interesting about the Nixon administration, is what an 
             extraordinarily diverse group of individuals the President 
             was able to attract. The Senator from Utah and I were 
             young persons. I am not talking about us at that time. But 
             I am talking about Henry Kissinger and Arthur Burns and 
             Bryce Harlow and foremost among them was Pat Moynihan.
               Particularly when we look at a Washington, DC, where so 
             many issues are so divisive and so partisan--there was a 
             lot of partisanship back then. Look back at 1969. Here was 
             Pat Moynihan, a Harvard professor, Kennedy Democrat, who 
             became the Republican President's domestic policy adviser. 
             He was an extraordinary person. He was, as the Senator 
             from Utah pointed out, a man who could see a long 
             distance.
               In the 1960s he coined the phrase ``benign neglect,'' 
             when he talked about the breakdown of the American family 
             and the effect it might have on African-American families. 
             He was courageous enough to talk about that. He predicted 
             at that time that if the rate of breakdown of families 
             that was then occurring among African-American families 
             were to occur among all families, it would be a 
             catastrophe for America. That percentage has long since 
             been surpassed. Pat Moynihan was willing to talk about it.
               He was a great teacher. He attracted into the White 
             House at that time a cadre of young Moynihan devotees who 
             are still around today--for example, Checker Finn, a young 
             Harvard graduate who is a leading education expert; and 
             Chris DeMuth, who has had a distinguished career here. All 
             of those young people were attracted by his intellect and 
             his sense of public service.
               He had an ability even then to be a person who crossed 
             party lines. He was one of the old Democratic liberals 
             such as Al Shanker--some of them are called 
             neoconservatives today--who saw our country in a very 
             accurate and clear way.
               He believed in America. Though born in Tulsa, OK, he had 
             the soul of an immigrant, a great immigrant, an Irish 
             immigrant, with all the characteristics that we think of 
             when we think of great Irish immigrants. But he was an 
             American first. He was proud of his ancestry but he was 
             prouder of the country to which his ancestors came.
               He loved politics. His favorite character was George 
             Washington Plunkitt, the boss of Tammany Hall. He wrote a 
             foreword for a book on Plunkitt. Plunkitt's favorite 
             comment was, ``I seen my opportunities and I took 'em.''
               He went to the United Nations where he pounded the desk. 
             He went to India as Ambassador. He ran for the Senate. 
             Think of this. He ran in 1976, a man from the then-
             disgraced Nixon administration. I know what that was like. 
             I was in that administration. I had been a candidate 
             myself in 1974--lost; and here was Pat Moynihan in New 
             York State, a Democratic State, running for the Senate as 
             a Democrat, able to be elected because of the respect 
             people had for him.
               I watched him during his whole career. When I was 
             Education Secretary he came down and lectured me from this 
             body because he wanted me to be more aggressive on 
             standards. But he was always such a gentle person.
               As I have gone along in life, I have especially 
             appreciated people who are well known and famous who take 
             time for people who are not so well known and famous. I 
             can remember when my wife and I, in our early thirties--I 
             was, she was younger--went to Harvard, to the John F. 
             Kennedy School of Government, where Pat had gone in the 
             early 1970s. He was a famous man, a great professor, a 
             former adviser to Presidents. Everyone knew him. No one 
             knew us. But he saw us and he spent 45 minutes or an hour 
             with us. He was a teacher and we were his students.
               I am glad to be on the floor today to hear my friend 
             from Utah speak about such a distinguished American. We 
             need more Senators, more public leaders, with the breadth 
             and the intellect and the understanding of American 
             history that Pat Moynihan had. We need more who have the 
             capacity to work across party lines, to solve tough 
             problems such as Social Security, which he helped to 
             solve, and to enjoy politics, to love George Washington 
             Plunkitt, and the rough and tumble of Tammany Hall 
             politics, but at the same time, when the Nation's issues 
             are foremost, to put them first.
               So I rise today to salute a great American, a real 
             patriot, and perhaps a person who most of us--Senators or 
             students--will remember as a great teacher.

               Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise with sadness on the 
             word we heard this evening with regard to the death of one 
             of our most notable former Members this afternoon.
               Daniel Patrick Moynihan served in the Senate over a 
             period from 1977 to 2001. But he served our country in so 
             many different roles over the past half century, as we 
             have heard through other tributes tonight. Rising from the 
             depths of Hell's Kitchen in New York, he became one of 
             America's true leading intellectuals whose foresight and 
             whose ability brought to public attention a mass of 
             critical issues long before others even realized these 
             issues existed. From identifying the stresses and 
             challenges of urban America to spearheading the 
             reformation of Pennsylvania Avenue, from President Nixon's 
             welfare reform plan to Y2K, from Soviet spying to bringing 
             our state of National security into the sunshine, Pat 
             Moynihan was at the center of most of our public policy 
             challenges in the last half of the 20th century.
               Pat Moynihan, a confidant and essential aide to 
             Presidents of both parties, came to Washington's attention 
             in the early 1960s as a steward of President Kennedy's 
             effort to bring Pennsylvania Avenue back to life. His 
             ability brought him to President Nixon's Cabinet as Head 
             of the Domestic Policy Council, and he later became 
             Ambassador to India and Gerald Ford's Ambassador to the 
             United Nations, where he served so well defending the West 
             against totalitarian regimes.
               Elected to the Senate in a notable class, he quickly 
             became a leading voice on an extensive range of public 
             policy. While the Senate recognized his ability as 
             chairman of both the Finance Committee and the Environment 
             and Public Works Committee, his contributions to our work 
             were broad and deep.
               For example, at a time when Social Security was reeling 
             and near insolvency, Pat Moynihan stepped forward and, 
             with Senator Dole, Alan Greenspan, and President Reagan, 
             rescued the system for the benefit of millions of 
             Americans. In that role, he bridged partisan differences 
             and rose above petty politics to forge a successful 
             solution that brought stability and security to that 
             system. He did that conscious of the need to be 
             responsible not only to the current recipients but to the 
             future beneficiaries who at the time were not even born.
               This spirit animated his observations and animated his 
             work, not just on Social Security but other great domestic 
             programs, such as Medicaid, Medicare, and welfare.
               Daniel Patrick Moynihan served not only as a Senator 
             from New York, he was one of our leading lights and 
             innovative thinkers. He never hesitated to offer a timely 
             observation, a useful insight, or a historical analogy 
             that not only demonstrated his vast knowledge but was 
             truly useful in analyzing the challenges ahead. His 
             contributions to public policy and his influence in this 
             Chamber will echo for decades to come.
               Indeed, our condolences go out to his family and to 
             loved ones, as well as to his many friends and former 
             staff members. We are a better institution, and we are all 
             better public servants for having known Pat Moynihan.
                   SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND SENATE RESOLUTIONS
               The following Senate resolution was read, and referred 
             (or acted upon), as indicated:

               By Mr. SCHUMER (for himself, Mrs. Clinton, Mr. Frist, 
             Mr. Daschle, Mr. Lott, Mr. Akaka, Mr. Alexander, Mr. 
             Allard, Mr. Allen, Mr. Baucus, Mr. Bayh, Mr. Bennett, Mr. 
             Biden, Mr. Bingaman, Mr. Bond, Mrs. Boxer, Mr. Breaux, Mr. 
             Brownback, Mr. Bunning, Mr. Burns, Mr. Byrd, Mr. Campbell, 
             Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Carper, Mr. Chafee, Mr. Chambliss, Mr. 
             Cochran, Mr. Coleman, Ms. Collins, Mr. Conrad, Mr. Cornyn, 
             Mr. Corzine, Mr. Craig, Mr. Crapo, Mr. Dayton, Mr. DeWine, 
             Mr. Dodd, Mrs. Dole, Mr. Domenici, Mr. Dorgan, Mr. Durbin, 
             Mr. Edwards, Mr. Ensign, Mr. Enzi, Mr. Feingold, Mrs. 
             Feinstein, Mr. Fitzgerald, Mr. Graham of Florida, Mr. 
             Graham of South Carolina, Mr. Grassley, Mr. Gregg, Mr. 
             Hagel, Mr. Harkin, Mr. Hatch, Mr. Hollings, Mrs. 
             Hutchison, Mr. Inhofe, Mr. Inouye, Mr. Jeffords, Mr. 
             Johnson, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Kerry, Mr. Kohl, Mr. Kyl, Ms. 
             Landrieu, Mr. Lautenberg, Mr. Leahy, Mr. Levin, Mr. 
             Lieberman, Mrs. Lincoln, Mr. Lugar, Mr. McCain, Mr. 
             McConnell, Ms. Mikulski, Mr. Miller, Ms. Murkowski, Mrs. 
             Murray, Mr. Nelson of Florida, Mr. Nelson of Nebraska, Mr. 
             Nickles, Mr. Pryor, Mr. Reed, Mr. Reid, Mr. Roberts, Mr. 
             Rockefeller, Mr. Santorum, Mr. Sarbanes, Mr. Sessions, Mr. 
             Shelby, Mr. Smith, Ms. Snowe, Mr. Specter, Ms. Stabenow, 
             Mr. Stevens, Mr. Sununu, Mr. Talent, Mr. Thomas, Mr. 
             Voinovich, Mr. Warner, and Mr. Wyden):

               S. Res. 99. A resolution relative to the death of Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan, former United States Senator for the 
             State of New York; considered and agreed to.
                               DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN
               Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that 
             the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of S. 
             Res. 99 submitted earlier today.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the 
             resolution by title.
               The legislative clerk read as follows:

               A resolution (S. Res. 99) relative to the death of 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan, former United States Senator for 
             the State of New York.

               There being no objection, the Senate proceeded to 
             consider the resolution.

               Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that 
             the resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, 
             and the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so 
             ordered.
               The resolution (S. Res. 99) was agreed to.
               The preamble was agreed to.
               The resolution, with its preamble, reads as follows:
                                     S. Res. 99
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan served in the United 
             States Navy from 1944 to 1947;
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan held cabinet or sub-
             cabinet positions under Presidents John Kennedy, Lyndon 
             Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford from 1961 to 1976;
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan served as Ambassador to 
             India from 1973 to 1975;
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan served as the United 
             States Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 
             1975 to 1976;
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan served the people of New 
             York with distinction for 24 years in the United States 
             Senate; and
               Whereas Daniel Patrick Moynihan was the author of 
             countless books and scholarly articles which contributed 
             enormously to the intellectual vigor of the nation: Now, 
             therefore, be it
               Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow 
             and deep regret the announcement of the death of the 
             Honorable Daniel Patrick Moynihan, former member of the 
             U.S. Senate.
               Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate communicate 
             these resolutions to the House of Representatives and 
             transmit an enrolled copy thereof to the family of the 
             deceased;
               Resolved, That when the Senate adjourns today, it stand 
             adjourned as a further mark of respect to the memory of 
             the Honorable Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
                                ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT
               Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, if there is no further 
             business to come before the Senate, I ask unanimous 
             consent that the Senate stand in adjournment under the 
             provisions of S. Res. 99 as a further mark of respect for 
             our friend and colleague, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 
             following the remarks of Senator Sessions for up to 10 
             minutes.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so 
             ordered.

               Mr. FRIST. The Senator from Alabama.
                     TRIBUTE TO SENATOR DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN
               Mr. SESSIONS. Mr. President, I wish to share a few 
             thoughts on the passing of the remarkable Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan, one of America's most brilliant leaders. He 
             graced this Senate and served this country in innumerable 
             ways.
               He, of course, was a great social scientist, a person 
             able to study complex data and make serious judgments. I 
             remember being in the subway at a point not too long 
             before he left the Senate. Some numbers had come out that 
             indicated we were doing a little better in marriage, fewer 
             children were being born out of wedlock. We were standing 
             there and somebody said something about that point. With 
             great intensity and passion, he said, ``That's nothing. In 
             the history of the world, no Nation has ever seen a 
             collapse of marriage like we are seeing in this country.''
               It just hit me he was giving us a scientific analysis of 
             a very serious social problem with which we needed to 
             deal, and he took it very seriously.
               Another incident I recall was being in a small dining 
             room. We were working late one night and voting. I went in 
             with the majority leader, Trent Lott, and was talking to 
             Trent about Colombia, the revolutionaries there, the 
             Marxist group, the drug dealing group and wanted to do 
             some things better for Colombia. We sat down and Senator 
             Moynihan was there. Trent said, ``Pat, tell me about 
             Colombia; what's going on in Colombia.''
               We just sat in rapt attention as he described the last 
             50 years in Colombia in detail--how this country had 
             developed a history of violence, how they were having 
             revolutionary problems, and how it was going to be very 
             difficult to eliminate those problems. I was stunned at 
             the encyclopedic knowledge he displayed.
               As we left, Trent said, ``I love to ask him those 
             questions. He always knows those kinds of things.'' He 
             said, ``I do it frequently just to see what he will share 
             with us.''
               I remember asking about serving as Ambassador to India. 
             He told a story, a complex story, that gave such great 
             insight into the good people of India.
               Pat Moynihan was an extraordinary person. He operated on 
             a higher level. He benefited this country in many ways. He 
             served Republican Presidents and Democratic Presidents, 
             and he served in this body. He helped point out the 
             problems with welfare and helped us move toward reform. He 
             served on the commission that courageously gave insight 
             into how we may improve Social Security. He in many ways 
             had the ability and the credibility to move the country in 
             a way that some lesser Senator may not have been able to 
             do.
               I wanted to take a moment before we adjourned to express 
             my thoughts about Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, one of 
             the most brilliant statesmen to ever grace this body.

                                               Thursday, March 27, 2003

                         TRIBUTE TO DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN

               Mr. LAUTENBERG. I wish to pay tribute to a dear friend 
             who passed away yesterday, Senator forever, Pat Moynihan.
               I came to the Senate 6 years after he arrived here, and 
             we served together for 18 years. We left together at the 
             same time in 2001.
               I personally will miss him and think fondly of the 
             moments we shared together, but, at the same time, say 
             thank goodness--thank goodness--that this place and this 
             country had Senator Pat Moynihan.
               He was a great man, with a brilliant mind, an incredible 
             wealth of knowledge. He will have left a mark forever on 
             our government and on our society, even at a time when our 
             culture has exhibited an ephemeral quality.
               We can think of the moments we shared with him, all of 
             us who had the good fortune to serve with him. Because New 
             York and New Jersey are neighboring States and have many 
             similar concerns, he and I worked closely on many issues. 
             We served together on the Environment and Public Works 
             Committee.
               He will be rightfully remembered as one of the giants 
             who has served in this Senate. He will be able to be 
             compared to the greats at the founding of this country 
             because his half century of contributions to this body and 
             to New York and to the region and to the Nation and to the 
             world are immeasurable.
               He, like many who are serving now and have served, was 
             born in modest circumstances and was raised in an area on 
             the west side of New York called Hell's Kitchen, a rough 
             and tumble area. He joined the Navy. He served in World 
             War II. And then he went on to earn degrees at the 
             Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
               In the early 1950s, Pat Moynihan worked for the 
             International Rescue Committee, one of the earliest and 
             most effective human rights organizations. Then he joined 
             the administration of New York Governor Averill Harriman, 
             where he met his beloved wife and someone we all love, 
             Liz.
               Pat and Liz came to Washington with the Kennedy 
             administration, and Pat went on to serve in the Cabinet or 
             sub-Cabinet of the next three Presidents, two of whom were 
             Republicans. He served as U.S. Ambassador to India and as 
             U.S. Representative to the United Nations.
               All the while, he had a busy and prolific career in 
             academia, with teaching positions at Syracuse and Harvard 
             and other universities. It is often said that Pat Moynihan 
             has written more books than most people have read. And 
             those books were on subjects as diverse as ethnicity, 
             welfare policy, secrecy as a form of regulation, and 
             international law. His books and essays and op-eds were 
             always erudite and displayed a wit and wisdom and grace 
             few people have. His books were well received whenever 
             they were produced.
               I doubt anyone else ever entered the U.S. Senate with a 
             greater breadth of experience or knowledge. Pat Moynihan 
             was made for the Senate, and the Senate was made for men 
             like Pat Moynihan.
               Pat was not only a great intellectual; he was a man of 
             principles, deeply held and eloquently expressed. And yet 
             he had that remarkable ability of being able to disagree 
             without being disagreeable. There isn't a single Member of 
             the Senate who served with him who didn't also love and 
             revere him.
               We are poorer for Pat's passing, but rather than dwell 
             on that, I would like to express my gratitude that someone 
             with such inestimable talents and energies devoted them to 
             public service. We are definitely richer for that.
               We send our sympathy to Liz Moynihan, and to the 
             children, Timothy and Maura and John, and to the 
             grandchildren, Michael Patrick and Zora.
               We live in tumultuous and dangerous times. No one 
             understood that better than Pat Moynihan, and we would 
             benefit from his counsel. I will include for the Record a 
             commencement address that Pat delivered at Harvard 
             University about world events and foreign policy, and I 
             commend it to my colleagues.
               On a more personal note, my legislative director, Gray 
             Maxwell, was Pat's legislative director from 1995 to 2000. 
             When Pat retired, Gray wrote a tribute that was printed in 
             Long Island Newsday. I will also ask that the tribute be 
             printed in the Record.
               In closing, I note that one of Pat's great abiding 
             passions was public works--not just in New York but here 
             in Washington. He authored much of the Intermodal Surface 
             Transportation Efficiency Act, ISTEA, he fought for Amtrak 
             and mass transit, he wrote the guiding principles for 
             Federal architecture, he shepherded the Union Station 
             redevelopment and the Thurgood Marshall and Ronald Reagan 
             buildings to completion, and he almost singlehandedly 
             transformed Pennsylvania Avenue. I think what was written 
             in St. Paul's Cathedral in London for Sir Christopher Wren 
             would serve as an equally fitting tribute to Pat Moynihan: 
             Si monumentum requiris circumspice [If you would see the 
             man's monument, look about you.].
               I ask unanimous consent that his commencement address 
             delivered at Harvard University on June 6, 2002, to which 
             I referred, and an article written by a person on my 
             staff, Gray Maxwell, who was on the Moynihan staff before 
             that, that demonstrates beautifully the character and 
             capability Pat Moynihan brought to his job and to all of 
             us, be printed in the Record.
               There being no objection, the material was ordered to be 
             printed in the Record, as follows:

                                Commencement Address,
                                     June 6, 2002
                            (by Daniel Patrick Moynihan)

               A while back it came as something of a start to find in 
             the New Yorker a reference to an article I had written, 
             and I quote, ``In the middle of the last century.'' Yet 
             persons my age have been thinking back to those times and 
             how, in the end, things turned out so well and so badly. 
             Millions of us returned from the assorted services to find 
             the economic growth that had come with the Second World 
             War had not ended with the peace. The Depression had not 
             resumed. It is not perhaps remembered, but it was widely 
             thought it would.
               It would be difficult indeed to summon up the optimism 
             that came with this great surprise. My beloved colleague 
             Nathan Glazer and the revered David Riesman wrote that 
             America was ``the land of the second chance'' and so 
             indeed it seemed. We had surmounted the Depression; the 
             war. We could realistically think of a world of stability, 
             peace--above all, a world of law.
               Looking back, it is clear we were not nearly so 
             fortunate. Great leaders preserved--and in measure 
             extended--democracy. But totalitarianism had not been 
             defeated. To the contrary, by 1948 totalitarians 
             controlled most of Eurasia. As we now learn, 11 days after 
             Nagasaki the Soviets established a special committee to 
             create an equivalent weapon. The first atomic bomb was 
             acquired through espionage, but their hydrogen bomb was 
             their own doing. Now the cold war was on.
               From the summer of 1914, the world had been at war, with 
             interludes no more. It finally seemed to end with the 
             collapse of the Soviet Union and the changes in China. But 
             now . . .
               But now we have to ask if it is once again the summer of 
             1914.
               Small acts of terror in the Middle East, in South Asia, 
             could lead to cataclysm, as they did in Sarajevo. And for 
             which great powers, mindful or not, have been preparing.
               The eras are overlapping.
               As the United States reacts to the mass murder of 9/11 
             and prepares for more, it would do well to consider how 
             much terror India endured in the second half of the last 
             century. And its response. It happens I was our man in New 
             Delhi in 1974 when India detonated its first nuclear 
             device. I was sent in to see Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 
             with a statement as much as anything of regret. For there 
             was nothing to be done; it was going to happen. The second 
             most populous nation on Earth was not going to leave 
             itself disarmed and disregarded, as non-nuclear powers 
             appeared to be. But leaving, I asked to speak as a friend 
             of India and not as an official. In 20 years time, I 
             opined, there would be a Moghul general in command in 
             Islamabad, and he would have nuclear weapons and would 
             demand Kashmir back, perhaps the Punjab.
               The Prime Minister said nothing, I dare to think she 
             half agreed. In time, she would be murdered in her own 
             garden; next, her son and successor was murdered by a 
             suicide bomber. This happened while nuclear weapons 
             accumulated which are now poised.
               Standing at Trinity Site at Los Alamos, J. Robert 
             Oppenheimer pondered an ancient Sanskrit text in which 
             Lord Shiva declares, ``I am become Death, the shatterer of 
             worlds.'' Was he right?
               At the very least we can come to terms with the limits 
             of our capacity to foresee events.
               It happens I had been a Senate observer to the START 
             negotiations in Geneva, and was on the Foreign Relations 
             Committee when the treaty, having been signed, was sent to 
             us for ratification. In a moment of mischief I remarked to 
             our superb negotiators that we had sent them to Geneva to 
             negotiate a treaty with the Soviet Union, but the document 
             before us was a treaty with four countries, only two of 
             which I could confidently locate on a map. I was told they 
             had exchanged letters in Lisbon [the Lisbon Protocol, May 
             23, 1992]. I said that sounded like a Humphrey Bogart 
             movie.
               The hard fact is that American intelligence had not the 
             least anticipated the implosion of the Soviet Union. I 
             cite Stansfield Turner, former director of the CIA in 
             Foreign Affairs, 1991. ``We should not gloss over the 
             enormity of this failure to forecast the magnitude of the 
             Soviet crisis. . . . The corporate view missed by a 
             mile.''
               Russia now faces a near-permanent crisis. By mid-century 
             its population could well decline to as few as 80 million 
             persons. Immigrants will press in; one dares not think 
             what will have happened to the nuclear materials scattered 
             across 11 time zones.
               Admiral Turner's 1991 article was entitled 
             ``Intelligence for a New World Order.'' Two years later 
             Samuel Huntington outlined what that new world order--or 
             disorder--would be in an article in the same journal 
             entitled ``The Clash of Civilizations.'' His subsequent 
             book of that title is a defining text of our time.
               Huntington perceives a world of seven or eight major 
             conflicting cultures, the West, Russia, China, India, and 
             Islam. Add Japan, South America, Africa. Most incorporate 
             a major nation-state which typically leads its fellows.
               The cold war on balance suppressed conflict. But the end 
             of the cold war has brought not universal peace but 
             widespread violence. Some of this has been merely residual 
             proxy conflicts dating back to the earlier era. Some plain 
             ethnic conflict. But the new horrors occur on the fault 
             lines, as Huntington has it, between the different 
             cultures.
               For argument's sake one could propose that Marxism was 
             the last nearly successful effort to westernize the rest 
             of the world. In 1975, I stood in Tiananmen Square, the 
             center of the Middle Kingdom. In an otherwise empty space, 
             there were two towering masts. At the top of one were 
             giant portraits of two hirsute 19th century German 
             gentlemen, Messrs. Marx and Engels. The other displayed a 
             somewhat Mongol-looking Stalin and Mao. That wasn't going 
             to last, and of course, it didn't.
               Hence Huntington: ``The central problem in the relations 
             between the West and the rest is . . . the discordance 
             between the West's--particularly America's--efforts to 
             promote universal Western culture and its declining 
             ability to do so.''
               Again there seems to be no end of ethnic conflict within 
             civilizations. But it is to the clash of civilizations we 
             must look with a measure of dread. The Bulletin of the 
             Atomic Scientists recently noted that ``The crisis between 
             India and Pakistan, touched off by a December 13 terrorist 
             attack on the Indian Parliament marks the closest two 
             states have come to nuclear war since the Cuban Missile 
             Crisis.'' By 1991, the minute hand on their doomsday clock 
             had dropped back to 17 minutes to midnight. It has since 
             been moved forward three times and is again 7 minutes to 
             midnight, just where it started in 1947.
               The terrorist attacks on the United States of last 
             September 11 were not nuclear, but they will be. Again to 
             cite Huntington, ``At some point . . . a few terrorists 
             will be able to produce massive violence and massive 
             destruction. Separately, terrorism and nuclear weapons are 
             the weapons of the non-Western weak. If and when they are 
             combined, the non-Western weak will be strong.''
               This was written in 1996. The first mass murder by 
             terrorists came last September. Just last month the Vice 
             President informed Tim Russert that ``the prospects of a 
             future attack . . . are almost certain. Not a matter of 
             if, but when.'' Secretary Rumsfeld has added that the 
             attack will be nuclear.
               We are indeed at war and we must act accordingly, with 
             equal measures of audacity and precaution.
               As regards precaution, note how readily the clash of 
             civilizations could spread to our own homeland. The Bureau 
             of the Census lists some 68 separate ancestries in the 
             American population. (Military gravestones provide for 
             emblems of 36 religions.) All the major civilizations. Not 
             since 1910 have we had so high a proportion of immigrants. 
             As of 2000, one in five school-age children have at least 
             one foreign-born parent.
               This, as ever, has had bounteous rewards. The problem 
             comes when immigrants and their descendants bring with 
             them--and even intensify--the clashes they left behind. 
             Nothing new, but newly ominous. Last month in Washington 
             an enormous march filled Pennsylvania Avenue on the way to 
             the Capitol grounds. The marchers, in the main, were there 
             to support the Palestinian cause. Fair enough. But every 5 
             feet or so there would be a sign proclaiming ``Zionism 
             equals racism'' or a placard with a swastika alongside a 
             star of David. Which is anything but fair, which is 
             poisonous and has no place in our discourse.
               This hateful equation first appeared in a two-part 
             series in Pravda in Moscow in 1971. Part of cold war 
             ``agit prop.'' It has since spread into a murderous attack 
             on the right of the State of Israel to exist--the right of 
             Jews to exist!--a world in which a hateful Soviet lie has 
             mutated into a new and vicious anti-Semitism. Again, that 
             is the world we live in, but it is all the more chilling 
             when it fills Pennsylvania Avenue.
               It is a testament to our First Amendment freedoms that 
             we permit such displays, however obnoxious to our 
             fundamental ideals. But in the wake of 9/11, we confront 
             the fear that such heinous speech can be a precursor to 
             violence, not least here at home, that threatens our 
             existence.
               To be sure, we must do what is necessary to meet the 
             threat. We need to better understand what the dangers are. 
             We need to explore how better to organize the agencies of 
             government to detect and prevent calamitous action.
               But at the same time, we need take care that whatever we 
             do is consistent with our basic constitutional design. 
             What we do must be commensurate with the threat in ways 
             that do not needlessly undermine the very liberties we 
             seek to protect.
               The concern is suspicion and fear within. Does the Park 
             Service really need to photograph every visitor to the 
             Lincoln Memorial?
               They don't, but they will. It is already done at the 
             Statue of Liberty. In Washington, agencies compete in 
             techniques of intrusion and exclusion. Identity cards and 
             x-ray machines and all the clutter, plus a new life for 
             secrecy. Some necessary; some discouraging. Mary Graham 
             warns of the stultifying effects of secrecy on inquiry. 
             Secrecy, as George Will writes, ``renders societies 
             susceptible to epidemics of suspicion.''
               We are witnessing such an outbreak in Washington just 
             now. Great clamor as to what the different agencies knew 
             in advance of the 9/11 attack; when the President was 
             briefed; what was he told. These are legitimate questions, 
             but there is a prior issue, which is the disposition of 
             closed systems not to share information. By the late 1940s 
             the Army Signal Corps had decoded enough KGB traffic to 
             have a firm grip on the Soviet espionage in the United 
             States and their American agents. No one needed to know 
             about this more than the President of the United States. 
             But Truman was not told. By order, mind, of Omar Bradley, 
             Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Now, as then, there 
             is police work to be done. But so many forms of secrecy 
             are self-defeating. In 1988, the CIA formally estimated 
             the gross domestic product of East Germany to be higher 
             than West Germany. We should calculate such risks.
               The ``what-ifs'' are intriguing. What if the United 
             States had recognized Soviet weakness earlier and, 
             accordingly, kept its own budget in order, so that upon 
             the breakup of the Soviet Union a momentous economic aid 
             program could have been commenced? What if we had better 
             calculated the forces of the future so that we could have 
             avoided going directly from the ``end'' of the cold war to 
             a new Balkan war--a classic clash of civilizations--
             leaving little attention and far fewer resources for the 
             shattered Soviet empire?
               Because we have that second chance Riesman and Glazer 
             wrote about. A chance to define our principles and stay 
             true to them. The more then, to keep our system open as 
             much as possible, with our purposes plain and accessible, 
             so long as we continue to understand what the 20th century 
             has surely taught, which is that open societies have 
             enemies, too. Indeed, they are the greatest threat to 
             closed societies, and, accordingly, the first object of 
             their enmity.
               We are committed, as the Constitution states, to ``the 
             Law of Nations,'' but that law as properly understood. 
             Many have come to think that international law prohibits 
             the use of force. To the contrary, like domestic law, it 
             legitimates the use of force to uphold law in a manner 
             that is itself proportional and lawful.
               Democracy may not prove to be a universal norm. But 
             decency would do. Our present conflict, as the President 
             says over and again, is not with Islam, but with a 
             malignant growth within Islam defying the teaching of the 
             Q'uran that the struggle to the path of God forbids the 
             deliberate killing of non-combatants. Just how and when 
             Islam will rid itself of current heresies is something no 
             one can say. But not soon. Christianity has been through 
             such heresy--and more than once. Other clashes will 
             follow.
               Certainly we must not let ourselves be seen as rushing 
             about the world looking for arguments. There are now 
             American Armed Forces in some 40 countries overseas. Some 
             would say too many. Nor should we let ourselves be seen as 
             ignoring allies, disillusioning friends, thinking only of 
             ourselves in the most narrow terms. That is not how we 
             survived the 20th century.
               Nor will it serve in the 21st.
               Last February, some 60 academics of the widest range of 
             political persuasion and religious belief, a number from 
             here at Harvard, including Huntington, published a 
             manifesto: ``What We're Fighting For: A Letter from 
             America.''
               It has attracted some attention here; perhaps more 
             abroad, which was our purpose. Our references are wide, 
             Socrates, St. Augustine, Franciscus de Victoria, John Paul 
             II, Martin Luther King, Jr., Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the 
             Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
               We affirmed ``five fundamental truths that pertain to 
             all people without distinction,'' beginning ``all human 
             beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''
               We allow for our own shortcomings as a nation, sins, 
             arrogance, failings. But we assert we are no less bound by 
             moral obligation. And, finally, reason and careful moral 
             reflection teach us that there are times when the first 
             and most important reply to evil is to stop it.
               But there is more. Forty-seven years ago, on this 
             occasion, General George C. Marshall summoned our Nation 
             to restore the countries whose mad regimes had brought the 
             world such horror. It was an act of statesmanship and 
             vision without equal in history. History summons us once 
             more in different ways, but with even greater urgency. 
             Civilization need not die. At this moment, only the United 
             States can save it. As we fight the war against evil, we 
             must also wage peace, guided by the lesson of the Marshall 
             Plan--vision and generosity can help make the world a 
             safer place.
               Thank you.
                                          a
                                           
                                     Sui Generis
                                  (by Gray Maxwell)

               As the final summer of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan's 
             public career comes to an end, I think back to one languid 
             Friday afternoon three summers ago. Not much was 
             happening; the Senate was in recess. So Senator Moynihan 
             --my boss at the time--and I went to see an exhibit of 
             Tyndale Bibles at the Library of Congress. Tyndale wrote 
             the first English Bible from extant Greek and Hebrew 
             manuscripts. Senator Moynihan was eager to learn more 
             about a man whose impact on the English language, largely 
             unacknowledged, is probably equal to Shakespeare's.
               One might wonder what Tyndale has to do with the U.S. 
             Senate. Not much, I suppose. But like Tennyson's Ulysses, 
             Senator Moynihan is a ``gray spirit yearning in desire to 
             follow knowledge like a sinking star.'' He has unbounded 
             curiosity. I'm not one who thinks his intellectualism is 
             some sort of an indictment. Those who do are jealous of 
             his capabilities, or just vapid. In a diminished era when 
             far too many Senators know far too little, I have been 
             fortunate to work for one who knows so much and yet 
             strives to learn so much more.
               There is little I can add to what others have written or 
             will write about his career in these waning moments. But I 
             would make a few observations. On a parochial note, I know 
             of no other Senator who shares his remarkable facility for 
             understanding and manipulating formulas--that arcane bit 
             of legislating that drives the allocation of billions of 
             dollars. He has ``delivered'' for New York but it's not 
             frequently noted because so few understand it.
               More important, every time he speaks or writes, it's 
             worth paying attention. I think back to the summer of 
             1990, when Senator Phil Gramm offered an amendment to a 
             housing bill. Gramm wanted to rob Community Development 
             Block Grant (CDBG) funds from a few ``rustbelt'' States 
             and sprinkle them across the rest of the country. The 
             amendment looked like a sure winner: more than 30 States 
             stood to benefit. Senator Moynihan went to the floor in 
             opposition. He delivered an extemporaneous speech on the 
             nature of our Federal system worthy of inclusion in the 
             seminal work of Hamilton, Madison, and Jay as The 
             Federalist No. 86. (The amendment was defeated: New York's 
             share of CDBG funding was preserved.)
               While Senator Moynihan has been enormously successful as 
             a legislator, I think of him as the patron Senator of lost 
             causes. By ``lost'' I mean right but unpopular. Every 
             Senator is an advocate of the middle class; that's where 
             the votes are. What I most admire and cherish about 
             Senator Moynihan is his long, hard, and eloquent fight on 
             behalf of the underclass--the disenfranchised, the 
             demoralized, the destitute, the despised.
               T.S. Eliot wrote to a friend, ``We fight for lost causes 
             because we know that our defeat and dismay may be the 
             preface to our successors' victory, though that victory 
             itself will be temporary; we fight rather to keep 
             something alive than in the expectation that anything will 
             triumph.'' This wistful statement, to me, captures the 
             essence of Senator Moynihan and his career. Too many of 
             today's tepid, timid legislators are afraid to offer 
             amendments they think will fail. They have no heart, no 
             courage. Senator Moynihan always stands on principle, 
             never on expediency. He's not afraid to be in the 
             minority, even a minority of one.
               His statements over the years on a variety of topics 
             constitute a veritable treasury of ``unpopular essays.'' 
             He characterizes the current bankruptcy ``reform'' bill as 
             a ``boot across the throat'' of the poor. A few years ago, 
             he fought against a habeas corpus provision in the 
             Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (a truly 
             Orwellian name for that bill). He argued, in vain, that 
             Congress was enacting a statute ``which holds that 
             constitutional protections do not exist unless they have 
             been unreasonably violated, an idea that would have 
             confounded the framers . . . thus introducing a virus that 
             will surely spread throughout our system of laws.'' These 
             are just a few examples. Others include his passionate 
             opposition to welfare repeal, the balanced budget act, the 
             line-item veto, the Constitutional amendment to ban flag 
             desecration. The list goes on.
               For the past quarter-century, Senator Moynihan has been 
             the Senate's reigning intellectual. But he has also been 
             its--and the Nation's--conscience. His fealty as a public 
             servant, ultimately, has been to the truth. He seeks it 
             out, and he speaks it, regardless of who will be 
             discomfitted. He has done so with rigor, wit, a little bit 
             of mischief now and then, and uncommon decency.
               When Thomas Jefferson followed Benjamin Franklin as 
             envoy to France, he told the Comte de Vergennes, ``I 
             succeed him; no one could replace him.'' Others will 
             succeed Senator Moynihan; no one will replace him. We are 
             fortunate indeed that he has devoted his life to public 
             service.

               Mr. LAUTENBERG. I yield the floor.

               Mr. REID. Mr. President, when I first came to the 
             Senate, I had the good fortune, as my friend the 
             distinguished Senator from Montana did, to serve on a 
             committee with Pat Moynihan. My friend had it double; he 
             not only got to serve with him on the Environment and 
             Public Works Committee but also the Finance Committee.
               Even though this is a time of sadness because we have 
             lost a giant in the history of America, for those of us 
             who spent time with Pat Moynihan, just mentioning his name 
             brings a smile to our faces. There is no one I have ever 
             served with in government or known in government who is 
             anything like Pat Moynihan. He was a unique individual.
               I was over in the House gym this morning, meeting with 
             someone I came to the House of Representatives with, Ed 
             Towns, from New York. We were talking about Pat Moynihan. 
             Congressman Towns said the last conversation he had with 
             Pat Moynihan was a very pleasant conversation. Pat 
             Moynihan called him--very typical of Pat Moynihan.
               I wish I could mimic his voice. People who worked for 
             Pat Moynihan can talk just like him. I can't. But he 
             said--with his distinctive staccato delivery--he wanted to 
             name this big building in Brooklyn for Governor Carey.
               Congressman Towns said, ``No, I have someone else.'' I 
             don't need to embarrass that person by mentioning that 
             name. He said, ``I have someone else and I can't agree 
             with you, Senator. I know Governor Carey was a good 
             person, but I think we should name it after someone 
             else.''
               Senator Moynihan, the gentleman that he was, simply 
             said, ``Thank you very much.''
               Five or six weeks later he called back and said, ``You 
             know, Congressman Towns, I am getting old.'' He said, 
             ``This means a lot to me to have this building named after 
             one of my close personal friends. I hope you will 
             reconsider.''
               Ed Towns said, ``I have reconsidered. You can do it.''
               Senator Moynihan said, ``Did I hear you just say I could 
             name this building after Governor Carey?''
               And Congressman Towns said, ``Yes.''
               Pat Moynihan said, ``I am so happy.''
               Senator Baucus and I can imagine that conversation 
             because he was truly a gentleman.
               I had the privilege, as I indicated, of serving with 
             him. I had the good fortune over many years to serve with 
             many outstanding people in the Senate, men and women with 
             extraordinary talent and achievements, people who have 
             accomplished so much in their personal and professional 
             lives, people highly educated, people who have great 
             records of military service, and people who are just good 
             public servants.
               Certainly there have been many skilled orators in the 
             Senate--today and in the past--and many other highly 
             intelligent Senators, but I have to say, I trust nobody 
             will disagree or be offended if I point out that Pat 
             Moynihan stood out as an intellectual giant in the Senate, 
             not only for the time he served here but in the history of 
             our country.
               Pat Moynihan spoke in a unique style, with a delivery 
             that would not be taught in an oratory class.
               He was a professor. He was a college professor, and he 
             never lost that ability to teach.
               I always felt, when I was in the presence of Pat 
             Moynihan, that I had the opportunity to learn from him, 
             whether we were on the Senate floor, or in a committee 
             hearing, or in an informal conversation. I hope no one is 
             going to be upset with me, but when I ran the Democratic 
             Policy Committee for a number of years, we would take down 
             names of speakers. I cheated a little bit and always moved 
             Pat high up on the list because I loved to hear him talk, 
             and he did not have a lot of patience and would leave if 
             you did not recognize him pretty quickly.
               He would come to our luncheons, and I remember he 
             usually ordered egg salad sandwiches. He would eat, listen 
             for a while, and if it were not something he was really 
             interested in, he would go back to his hideaway and start 
             writing. That is what he did most of the time.
               Pat was unlike most of us. We devote a lot of our time 
             to constituent services. Pat Moynihan did not do that. He 
             was an intellectual giant, and he spent his time in the 
             Senate reading and writing. He was a great thinker. 
             Although he certainly did a good job of representing the 
             State of New York, and served the interests of his 
             constituents as his popularity makes clear, he often 
             focused on the bigger picture and contemplated big ideas.
               We identify Pat Moynihan with New York. He was actually 
             a native of the American West. He was born in Tulsa, OK. 
             His family moved to New York when he was a child. His 
             father abandoned them, and his mother, thereafter, 
             struggled to provide for Pat and his siblings.
               Pat always worked hard. He worked as a shoeshine boy, 
             later as a longshoreman. He did not come from a privileged 
             background, but he had a privileged education because of 
             his great intellect. He was able to achieve much because 
             he was a hard worker and extremely smart.
               He graduated first in his class from high school in 
             Harlem, and by serving in the Navy, he was able to attend 
             college. He graduated from Tufts University and remained 
             there to earn his Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law 
             and Diplomacy. He also studied at the London School of 
             Economics as a Fulbright scholar.
               Pat had enlisted in the Navy during World War II. Just a 
             short time ago, when he was still serving in the Senate, 
             he had back surgery for an injury sustained years ago 
             while he was in the U.S. Navy. He was proud of his 
             military service and grateful that he was sent to college 
             for training as an officer. But he was, indeed, a scholar. 
             He was a professor at Syracuse University early in his 
             career and then later at Harvard. He published numerous 
             articles and studies covering a wide array of topics that 
             reflected the tremendous breadth of his interests and 
             depth of his knowledge.
               I am not sure which Senator said this, although I think 
             it was Dale Bumpers, who also recently has published a 
             book--but if it was not Dale Bumpers, I apologize for not 
             giving credit to the right Senator--who said he had not 
             read as many books as Pat Moynihan had written. That is 
             how he looked at Pat Moynihan. He was a voracious writer. 
             He wrote 18 books, including 9 while he was a Senator. In 
             addition, he wrote parts of many other books and articles 
             too numerous to mention.
               After one of his books was published, while we were here 
             in the Senate, he asked me if I had read it. I said, 
             ``Pat, I didn't receive the book.'' He said, ``Well, maybe 
             somebody on your staff borrowed it.'' So he gave me 
             another copy, and I read it.
               Much of his writing is famous. For me personally the 
             most far-reaching, the most visionary article he wrote was 
             called ``Defining Deviancy Down.'' In this brief article--
             probably no more than 30 pages--he discussed how our 
             societal values have changed over the years, how one thing 
             we would not accept 20 years ago, now we accept. It is a 
             wonderful article that reveals his perspective and 
             insights and calls on us to recognize we have to change 
             what is going on in our society.
               Senator Moynihan had great compassion for America's 
             poor, especially for children growing up in poverty. He 
             sought to develop public policy that took into account 
             social scientific methods and analysis. He applied 
             academic research to benefit people living in the real 
             world.
               Pat was also interested in architecture and historic 
             preservation. He worked to improve the appearance of 
             Washington, DC, to reflect its status as our Nation's 
             Capital, and of Federal buildings across the country. 
             Those of us who leave the Capitol and travel along 
             Pennsylvania Avenue, and see the beautiful buildings will 
             remember his role in improving this area. When I was back 
             here going to law school, that area of the city was a 
             slum. Right off Capitol Hill, it was a slum. And Pat 
             Moynihan recognized, when President Kennedy was 
             inaugurated, that should change. And he changed it. He 
             personally changed it.
               Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation was 
             something that Pat Moynihan thought up. When you drive 
             down that street today, you see the beautiful building 
             that we are proud of. That was the work of Pat Moynihan.
               I can remember, there was one Senator who thought it was 
             really bad that the courthouses we were building around 
             the country were basically too nice. Pat Moynihan 
             proceeded to indicate to all of us that is what we should 
             do, that we should construct buildings for the future that 
             people would like to look at and that are nice inside. And 
             Pat Moynihan won that battle.
               To serve on the Public Works Committee with Pat Moynihan 
             was like going to school and not having to take the tests 
             because there was not a subject that came up that he did 
             not lecture us on--the great architect Moses, not out of 
             the Bible but of New York City. In everything we did Pat 
             Moynihan taught us to be a little better than ourselves.
               My thoughts and sympathies are with Senator Moynihan's 
             wife Liz, his daughter Maura, his sons Timothy and John, 
             and his grandchildren.
               Mr. President, I wish words could convey to everyone 
             within the sound of my voice what a great man Pat Moynihan 
             was, how much he did to benefit the State of New York and 
             our country. Because of my contact with Pat Moynihan, I 
             honestly believe I am a better person. I better understand 
             government. I do not have his intellect, his ability to 
             write, but I think I understand a little bit about his 
             enthusiasm for government and how important it is to 
             people.

               Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, I have been listening to the 
             tributes to a great man. I probably have a different 
             feeling about Patrick Moynihan than most people do. Many 
             people are not aware Patrick Moynihan came from Tulsa, OK, 
             my hometown. Most people think of him as being a New 
             Yorker, but really he is not. We hit it off many years ago 
             before he was even in the Senate. I considered him one of 
             the really sincere and lovable liberals of our time.
               People would ask, why are the two of you such close 
             friends? I would explain to them that we have many things 
             in common, even though ideologically we have nothing in 
             common. In fact, during the years we served together in 
             the Senate, his office was next to mine. When the bell 
             would ring to come over and vote, I would walk to the door 
             and wait for him so I could have those moments with him.
               I don't think there is anyone who has had a more 
             colorful career than Patrick Moynihan. It is one we will 
             remember for a long time. But he had courage also. I used 
             to say this about Paul Wellstone. There are few people who 
             are really sincere in their philosophy, and yet they want 
             to do the right thing. I remember standing right here when 
             Patrick Moynihan, just a few seats over, stood up during 
             one of our debates on partial-birth abortion, and he made 
             this statement in a long and passionate speech, going into 
             all kinds of detail as to what this barbaric procedure is. 
             This is a quote. He said, ``I am pro-choice, but partial-
             birth abortion is not abortion. It is infanticide.''
               It took an awful lot of courage for him to say that.
               I can tell you from when we knew each other back before 
             our Senate days, following his colorful career has been a 
             wonderful experience. I am hoping we will have others like 
             him. We will be truly blessed if that is the case.
               I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Montana is 
             recognized.

               Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. President, I join my colleagues in 
             paying tribute to Senator Moynihan. He was one of the most 
             special, most erudite, forward-thinking persons I have had 
             the privilege to meet. He was an amazing man.
               Senator Moynihan died yesterday at the age of 76. A 
             little bit of history is in order--and then I will give a 
             few personal anecdotes--he was elected to the Senate in 
             1976. I was elected in 1978, 2 years later. I had the 
             privilege and honor to join both the Environment and 
             Public Works Committee and the Finance Committee at the 
             same time as Senator Moynihan. Senator Moynihan served as 
             both chairman and ranking member of both committees. I had 
             huge shoes to fill, as I immediately followed him as 
             chairman and ranking member of each committee. I sat next 
             to him many days and many hours. He was a wonderful man.
               We all know about Senator Moynihan's great contributions 
             in such important areas as foreign policy, trade policy, 
             welfare, transportation, and environmental policy. They 
             are enormous.
               On the foreign side, Senator Moynihan was a visionary. 
             In 1979, while the CIA and others were talking about how 
             strong the Soviet Union was, Senator Moynihan predicted 
             its downfall. I heard him say that many times. With keen 
             understanding of history and the laws of economics, 
             Senator Moynihan understood the inherent weakness of the 
             Soviet structure.
               Senator Moynihan's foreign policy experience led him to 
             his groundbreaking work on government secrecy, advocating 
             greater openness as a core strength for any democracy.
               On trade policy, Senator Moynihan had a vast depth of 
             experience from being a trade negotiator to being a 
             legislator. As a legislator, he was quick to educate his 
             colleagues on the importance of pursuing a strong, 
             bipartisan, open trade policy. With an unfailing 
             independent voice, he was a firm believer in the principle 
             that partisanship should not extend beyond our borders.
               On welfare policy, Senator Moynihan was the center of 
             debate for more than three decades. From his 
             groundbreaking report on family policy for President 
             Johnson, to his work for President Nixon on his welfare 
             proposal, to his own Family Support Act of 1988, the first 
             welfare reform legislation passed in decades, to his 
             passionate dissent to the 1996 welfare legislation, 
             Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan never forgot what it was 
             like to grow up in a poor family. For him it was clearly 
             always about helping the children.
               On transportation policy, Senator Moynihan was the 
             author of the groundbreaking highway bill known as ISTEA. 
             That legislation led to the dramatic improvement in 
             transportation policy by focusing on surface 
             transportation more broadly.
               On environmental policy, Senator Moynihan was one of the 
             first to stress that good environmental policy should be 
             based on sound science. I heard that many times--sound 
             science. He was right. He absolutely insisted that we 
             obtain a careful understanding of the problems on a 
             scientific basis before we proceeded with environmental 
             policy.
               But his incredible contributions to our Nation did not 
             stop there. One of his most enduring, but least known, 
             contributions was his contribution to public architecture, 
             particularly on the Environment and Public Works 
             Committee.
               Thomas Jefferson said: ``Design activity and political 
             thought are indivisible.''
               In keeping with this, Senator Moynihan sought to improve 
             our public places so they could reflect and uplift our 
             civic culture. He himself said it well in 1961. We all 
             know he held many important positions in government, but 
             it is not known so well that early in his career, in 1961, 
             he was the staff director of something called the Ad Hoc 
             Committee on Federal Office Space. That is right, in 
             addition to all of his books, he once wrote a document 
             called ``The Guiding Principles for Federal 
             Architecture.'' He wrote it in 1961, and it remains in 
             effect today. It is 1 page long. It says that public 
             buildings should not only be efficient and economical, but 
             also should ``provide visual testimony to the dignity, 
             enterprise, vigor, and stability of the American 
             Government.''
               For many years, Pat Moynihan worked with energy and 
             vision to put the goals expressed in the guidelines into 
             practice. As an assistant to President Kennedy, he was one 
             of the driving forces behind the effort to renovate 
             Pennsylvania Avenue and finally achieve Pierre L'Enfant's 
             vision.
               He followed through. There is the Navy memorial, 
             Pershing Park, the Ronald Reagan Building, the Ariel Rios 
             Building, and there are other projects. Along with Senator 
             John Chafee, he had the vision to restore Union Station--
             now a magnificent building--and then to complement it with 
             the beautiful Thurgood Marshall Judiciary Building not far 
             away.
               It is a remarkable legacy leaving a lasting mark on our 
             public places that brings us together as American 
             citizens. In fact, it is no exaggeration to say that 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan has had a greater positive impact 
             on American public architecture than any statesman since 
             Thomas Jefferson.
               In St. Paul's Cathedral in London, there is a 
             description memorializing the architect of that cathedral, 
             Sir Christopher Wren, and it reads: ``If you would see his 
             memorial, look about you.''
               If years from now you stand outside the Capitol and look 
             west down Pennsylvania Avenue, north at Union Station, and 
             the Marshall Building, you can say the same about Senator 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan; that is, if you would see his 
             memorial, look about you.
               A few years ago when we were naming the Foley Square 
             Courthouse in his honor, I used the same quote. I must 
             confess, I was very pleased to have found this quote in 
             English history and hoped to impress my very learned 
             colleague. However, as is often the case, I fell a little 
             short. No one, it turns out, can match his learning.
               After my remarks, Senator Moynihan gave me a big hug. He 
             was so happy. But he also corrected me quietly and 
             politely. I had, he said, given the correct translation. I 
             had said it was in Italian. He said, ``Max, I think it's 
             in Latin.'' Sure enough, it is in Latin.
               In his honor, I stand corrected. The inscription 
             memorializing the architect of St. Paul's Cathedral, Sir 
             Christopher Wren, reads: ``Si monumentum requiris 
             circumspice''; Latin for: ``If you want to see the 
             memorial, look about you.''
               As we consider ways of memorializing Senator Moynihan, I 
             have a suggestion. He loved Pennsylvania Avenue. He 
             inspired its renovation. He helped design it. He helped 
             build it. He lived there when he retired. It is his home. 
             Therefore, I suggest that at an appropriate point on the 
             avenue, we add this inscription: Daniel Patrick Moynihan, 
             Si monumentum requiris circumspice.
               I might also add, Senator Moynihan gave the commencement 
             address this last June at Harvard University. I have read 
             it. I was very impressed with it. I said to him: Patrick, 
             that was a great speech. Do you mind if I put that in the 
             Congressional Record? He said, ``I would love it.''
               About 2 months later, I received a letter from Senator 
             Moynihan, and it said: ``Dear Max, you once offered, 
             perhaps irrationally, to include my commencement address 
             in the Record.''
               Mr. President, I think it is appropriate that Senator 
             Lautenberg asked that Senator Moynihan's speech be printed 
             in the Record. It is the commencement address he gave last 
             June 6 at Harvard University. I commend it to my 
             colleagues.
               Senator Moynihan's speech includes many wise words about 
             the future of our country, about terrorism, how to handle 
             the world, which leads me to another memory of him. It was 
             at the end of a session, and we were about to go on a 2-
             week recess. Senator Moynihan's chair is behind me at the 
             end of the aisle by the door. I said, ``Patrick, what are 
             you going to do this recess?''
               He said, ``I am going to give the Oxford lecture.''
               I said, ``What is that?'' He explained it.
               He said, ``I am going to give the Oxford lecture. I am 
             going over to England.''
               ``What are you going to talk about? What are you going 
             to say?''
               ``I am going to talk about the rise of ethnicity.''
               ``What do you mean?''
               At the end of the cold war, he talked about the urdu, an 
             Israeli sect, which was very strong, which epitomizes the 
             rise of ethnicity in the world at the conclusion of the 
             cold war. It is so true, if one stops and thinks about it. 
             The world order has collapsed, and we are now almost in a 
             free-for-all when different ethnicities, different 
             countries, different people are pursuing their own dreams, 
             and it is very difficult to find some managed order in 
             this chaotic world today.
               That was Senator Moynihan: The rise of ethnicity. It is 
             very true.
               Another time, I had a wonderful encounter with him, a 
             wonderful exchange. People often ask us: What is going to 
             happen, Senator? Who is going to win this election? What 
             is going to happen?
               I always answered: Well, as Prime Minister Disraeli 
             would always say, in politics a week is a long time. That 
             was before television. That was before radio. Today, it is 
             even a shorter period of time to try to predict what is 
             going to happen in political matters. Sometimes it is just 
             a minute.
               I was standing in the well of the Senate and somebody 
             asked me, ``What is going to happen?'' And I said, ``Well, 
             Disraeli said, `in politics a week is a long time.' ''
               Senator Moynihan happened to overhear me, and very 
             graciously and politely he walked up to me when the other 
             Senators had left. He kind of leaned over to me and he 
             said, ``Max, now I think that was Baldwin.''
               I looked it up. Sure enough, it was Lord Baldwin--it was 
             not Disraeli--who said, ``in politics a week is a long 
             time.''
               He was an absolutely amazing man, the Senator's Senator, 
             a professor. I have never known a Senator so gifted as 
             Senator Moynihan. We are all going to certainly mourn his 
             passing, but even more important than that, we are going 
             to have very fond memories of him and I think be guided 
             and inspired by him in so many different ways. We are very 
             thankful he chose to serve our country as his calling.
               I yield the floor.

               Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, Pat Moynihan was a close 
             personal friend. That sounds almost presumptuous to say. 
             He was such a towering intellect and profound political 
             figure, to claim a personal friendship with him seems to 
             be somewhat presumptuous. But he was.
               Of all that I recall Pat Moynihan said and did, there is 
             one thing that sticks in my mind that seems particularly 
             appropriate on the day after his passing.
               He once said, and I am paraphrasing but it is close to a 
             quote, about John Kennedy's death: There is no sense in 
             being Irish unless you understand the world is eventually 
             going to break your heart.
               I want Mrs. Moynihan to understand that there are a lot 
             of us--Irish and non-Irish--who have a broken heart today 
             because of the passing of a man who was truly, truly a 
             giant in 20th century American politics.

               Mr. LUGAR. I will take at least a minute to commend our 
             colleague, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, simply because he was 
             a person. In my own experience as a young person, as mayor 
             of Indianapolis I went with him to Brussels when he was a 
             counselor to President Nixon, representing this country in 
             a group called the Challenges for a Modern Society. We 
             talked about the problems of urbanization in NATO 
             countries, the problems of the environment, the problems 
             of jobs for people. With Daniel Patrick Moynihan at my 
             side, I invited the mayors of all the countries of the 
             world to come to my city of Indianapolis in 1971, and he 
             came.
               He gave a great speech about international relations, 
             what NATO could do. He gave it at a time when he was on 
             the threshold, as it turned out, of going into diplomacy 
             as our Ambassador to India and then to the United Nations.
               I remember visiting with him when he was our Ambassador. 
             It was a year in which both of us were considering 
             candidacies for the Senate, which, in fact, occurred in 
             1976, successfully, for both of us. We came to this body 
             together and served for 24 years.
               Throughout that period of time, his counsel, I am sure 
             if he were on the floor today speaking on some issue, 
             would have been to be inclusive, to be hardheaded, to 
             understand the facts, to understand the history, the 
             traditions, the difficulties, sometimes the cynicism and 
             the remorse, but also the triumphs that can come with 
             successful diplomacy and successful international 
             relations. Those were missions he undertook gladly on 
             behalf of our country and finally in service with the 
             Senate.

               Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I know there is a group of 
             us who wish to speak about Senator Moynihan. I think that 
             would be the next order of business, and so I will 
             proceed.
               Let me say that yesterday all of us were caused great 
             sorrow when we heard the terrible news that Senator Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan, a giant among us, had passed from our 
             midst. While the sadness is still there, today I rise to 
             pay tribute to Pat Moynihan and to the extraordinary life 
             that he led.
               It can rarely be said about someone that they changed 
             the world and made it a better place just with their 
             ideas. Senator Moynihan was such an individual. He was a 
             font of ideas. He was not afraid to utter them and he 
             uttered them in such a way that people listened, paid 
             attention, and changed the way they lived for the better.
               Pat Moynihan was a friend to me, a mentor. I first met 
             him when I attended his course at Harvard while I was a 
             student and he was a professor. Throughout the many years, 
             he extended me so many kindnesses I can't even count them. 
             But beyond the personal--and every one of us has our 
             personal stories about Pat--is what he did for all of us. 
             He was known in the Senate as a unique individual, as a 
             person of ideas in a body that, frankly, has always needed 
             more of them. He was the kind of Senator who the Founding 
             Fathers, as they look down on this body, would look at and 
             smile and say, ``That's the kind of person we wanted to 
             serve in the Senate.''
               I think the Washington Post editorial said it very well 
             today. It said:

               He pursued with distinction enough careers for half a 
             dozen men of lesser talents and imagination--politician, 
             Presidential adviser, diplomat, author, professor and 
             public intellectual.

               As someone who is barely managing to pursue only one of 
             those many careers, I can't help but observe that, as you 
             look around, there are no more Pat Moynihans in part 
             because of the man--Pat Moynihan's vision, erudition, 
             intellect, dazzling wit, and moral conviction were second 
             to none--and in part because of the times. Pat Moynihan 
             was one of the preeminent public intellectuals in a time 
             when such figures and their ideas could command the 
             Nation's attention in a way that I fear is now all but 
             gone from American life. I hope and pray that is not true.
               But we mourn his passing. We mourn the passing of his 
             time from the national stage and from this beloved 
             institution that he loved and served so well for 24 years, 
             the Senate.
               In the coming days, many will pay tribute to Pat 
             Moynihan's leadership and vision on so many ideas where 
             his mark on policy and his mark on individuals are well 
             known. There are children born in this country and in 
             foreign countries whose lives are better, who will live 
             better lives because Pat Moynihan lived and worked on this 
             Earth.
               His leadership in Social Security, in welfare reform, in 
             poverty, in tax policy, in trade, in education, in 
             immigration, in foreign policy, and most recently in 
             government secrecy--any one of those would have been 
             enough to be a capstone of an ordinary Senator's career. 
             But Pat did them all.
               As a fellow New Yorker, I am going to speak of Pat 
             Moynihan as a builder. He was known as a thinker, but we 
             forget he was also a builder, a builder of bricks and 
             mortar, somebody who taught us in New York and the country 
             to think grandly of public works once again. Those who 
             knew Pat Moynihan best say that is where his heart truly 
             lay.
               The week after I won election for the Senate, Pat 
             Moynihan called me into his office. He told me he would 
             announce he wasn't going to run again. He said, ``I am 
             going to bequeath to you a gift. I am going to recommend 
             that my staffer Polly Trottenberg work for you.'' Well I 
             took his advice and hired her to be my legislative 
             director and she has been with me ever since. He did many 
             nice things for me. That was certainly one of them.
               Because she worked so long and well for him, I asked 
             Polly today what Pat Moynihan had regarded as his greatest 
             accomplishment and she said something that surprised me. 
             But when you think about it, it should not be surprising. 
             It was how he reclaimed Pennsylvania Avenue in this city 
             and made it big and grand and beautiful again and how he 
             lived out the rest of his days there with his wonderful 
             wife Liz.
               Pat Moynihan not only taught us to think grandly about 
             public works on the national scale, he also taught us to 
             cherish our cities, to make them lively and beautiful, and 
             none more so than his two beloved cities, New York and 
             Washington.
               His groundbreaking work on Federal transportation policy 
             remains without equal. Pat Moynihan is the father of 
             ISTEA, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency 
             Act of 1991, the most important piece of transportation 
             legislation since President Eisenhower's Federal Highway 
             Act of 1956.
               Pat Moynihan, as a social scientist, urban planner, and 
             old-fashioned New York politician, helped change the 
             course of American transportation, weaning us from our 
             highways-only approach that had destroyed so many urban 
             neighbors.
               Instead, ISTEA encouraged so many communities to invest 
             in other modes, such as transit, rail, and even bipeds. I 
             ride a bike every Saturday around New York. It is another 
             small way I thank Pat Moynihan.
               He provided citizens with far greater say in what types 
             of projects would be built in their communities. ISTEA was 
             especially important to New York. It enabled the State to 
             restore some of our most important but neglected public 
             works, such as the magnificent Brooklyn Bridge as well as 
             dream new dreams like I-86 across the southern tier, and 
             the Second Avenue subway.
               His passion and dedication to public architecture is 
             well known and dates from his days as a young aide to 
             President Kennedy who, right before his death, tasked 
             Moynihan with restoring Pennsylvania Avenue here in 
             Washington. Moynihan succeeded brilliantly in his task, 
             with the final piece of Pennsylvania Avenue, the Ronald 
             Reagan Building and International Trade Center, unveiled a 
             few years ago and instantly hailed as one of the best new 
             buildings to grace the Capital.
               Of course, Senator Moynihan was also a leading force for 
             architecture in New York. He was responsible for building 
             a beautiful Federal courthouse at 500 Pearl Street in 
             Lower Manhattan, which we were proud to name after him. 
             Completed in 1994, the Daniel Patrick Moynihan Federal 
             Courthouse embodies the same spirit as his previous 
             architectural endeavors, an extraordinary work of art 
             inside and outside.
               He was responsible for the restoration of the 
             spectacular Beaux-Arts Customs House at Bowling Green and 
             for recognizing what a treasure we have in Governors 
             Island.
               He is beloved in Buffalo, at the other end of our State, 
             for reawakening the city's appreciation for its 
             architectural heritage, which includes Frank Lloyd Wright 
             houses and the Prudential Building, one of the best known 
             early skyscrapers by the architect Louis H. Sullivan, a 
             building which Senator Moynihan helped restore and then 
             chose as his Buffalo office.
               Pat Moynihan has also spurred a powerful and passionate 
             popular movement, which is gaining strength as he leaves 
             us, in Buffalo to build a new signature Peace Bridge over 
             the Niagara River.
               His last project--one that I regret he didn't live to 
             see completed--was his beloved Pennsylvania Station. In 
             1963, Pat Moynihan was one of a group of prescient New 
             Yorkers who protested the tragic razing of our city's 
             spectacular Penn Station--a glorious public building 
             designed by the Nation's premier architectural firm of the 
             time, McKim, Mead & White.
               It was Pat Moynihan who recognized years ago that across 
             the street from what is now a sad basement terminal that 
             functions--barely--as New York City's train station, sits 
             the James A. Farley Post Office Building, built by the 
             same architects in much the same grand design as the old 
             Penn Station. Pat Moynihan recognized that since the very 
             same railroad tracks that run under the current Penn 
             Station also run beneath the Farley Building, we could use 
             the Farley Building to once again create a train station 
             worthy of our grand city.
               He then did the impossible: He persuaded New York City, 
             New York State, the U.S. Postal Service, the U.S. 
             Department of Transportation, Amtrak, congressional 
             appropriators, and President Clinton himself, to commit to 
             making this project succeed. And I can tell you, I don't 
             think President Clinton even knew what hit him.
               Herbert Muschamp, the noted New York Times architecture 
             critic, praised the new Penn Station design, which 
             brilliantly fuses the classical elements of the Farley 
             Building with a dramatic, light-filled concourse, when he 
             wrote:

               In an era better known for the decrepitude of its 
             infrastructure than for inspiring new visions of the 
             city's future, the plan comes as proof that New York can 
             still undertake major public works. This is the most 
             important transportation project undertaken in New York 
             City in several generations.

               We have Pat Moynihan to thank for that and so many other 
             things.
               The epitaph given to Sir Christopher Wren, designer of 
             St. Paul's Cathedral in London, is an equally fitting 
             epitaph for Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan: ``Si 
             monumentum requiris circumspice''--``If you would see this 
             man's monument, look around.''
               And not only look at the buildings, look at people, look 
             at highways, look at government projects and programs--all 
             of which Pat Moynihan had a tremendous effect on.
               I join with every New Yorker and every American in 
             mourning Pat Moynihan's passing but celebrating his 
             extraordinary life, his extraordinary career, celebrating 
             the extraordinary man himself.
               I give my heartfelt condolences to his family--Liz and 
             Timothy and Maura and John and his grandchilden, Michael 
             Patrick and Zora--and count myself among the many others 
             who will miss him dearly.
               Adam Clymer of the New York Times chronicled Pat's 
             career and life movingly and brilliantly today. I ask 
             unanimous consent his piece be printed in the Record.
               There being no objection, the material was ordered to be 
             printed in the Record, as follows:
                      [From the New York Times, March 27, 2003]
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan Is Dead; Senator From Academia Was 
                                         76
                                  (by Adam Clymer)
               Daniel Patrick Moynihan, the Harvard professor and four-
             term United States senator from New York who brought a 
             scholar's eye for data to politics and a politician's 
             sense of the real world to academia, died yesterday at 
             Washington, D.C. He was 76.
               The cause, a spokesman for the family said, was 
             complications of a ruptured appendix, which was removed on 
             March 11 at the hospital, where he remained.
               Mr. Moynihan was always more a man of ideas than of 
             legislation or partisan combat. Yet he was enough of a 
             politician to win re-election easily--and enough of a 
             maverick with close Republican friends to be an occasional 
             irritant to his Democratic Party leaders. Before the 
             Senate, his political home from 1977 to 2001, he served 
             two Democratic Presidents and two Republicans, finishing 
             his career in the executive branch as President Richard M. 
             Nixon's ambassador to India and President Gerald R. Ford's 
             ambassador to the United Nations.
               For more than 40 years, in and out of government, he 
             became known for being among the first to identify new 
             problems and propose novel, if not easy, solutions, most 
             famously in auto safety and mass transportation; urban 
             decay and the corrosive effects of racism; and the 
             preservation and development of architecturally 
             distinctive Federal buildings.
               He was a man known for the grand gesture as well as the 
             bon mot, and his style sometimes got more attention than 
             his prescience, displayed notably in 1980 when he labeled 
             the Soviet Union ``in decline.'' Among his last great 
             causes were strengthening Social Security and attacking 
             government secrecy.
               In the halls of academe and the corridors of power, he 
             was known for seizing ideas and connections before others 
             noticed. In 1963, for example, he was the co-author of 
             ``Beyond the Melting Pot,'' which shattered the idea that 
             ethnic identities inevitably wear off in the United 
             States. Then, on the day that November when President 
             Kennedy was shot in Dallas, he told every official he 
             could find that the Federal government must take custody 
             of Lee Harvey Oswald to keep him alive to learn about the 
             killing. No one listened.
               Friends also observed the intense sense of history he 
             connected to immediate events. Bob Packwood, the former 
             Republican senator from Oregon, recalled his Democratic 
             friend's response in 1993 when a reporter on the White 
             House lawn asked what he thought of the signing of the 
             Israeli-Palestinian agreement to share the West Bank. 
             ``Well, I think it's the end of World War I,'' he said, 
             alluding to the mandates that proposed Middle Eastern 
             boundaries in 1920.
               Erudite, opinionated and favoring, in season, tweed or 
             seersucker, Mr. Moynihan conveyed an academic personality 
             through a chirpy manner of speech, with occasional pauses 
             between syllables. More than most senators, he could get 
             colleagues to listen to his speeches, though not 
             necessarily to follow his recommendations. He had a knack 
             for the striking phrase, but unease at the controversy it 
             often caused. When other senators used August recesses to 
             travel or raise money for re-election, he spent most of 
             them in an 1854 schoolhouse on his farm in Pindars Corners 
             in Delaware County, about 65 miles west of Albany. He was 
             writing books, 9 as a senator, 18 in all.
               Mr. Moynihan was less an original researcher than a 
             bold, often brilliant synthesizer whose works compelled 
             furious debate and further research. In 1965, his foremost 
             work, ``The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,'' 
             identified the breakup of black families as a major 
             impediment to black advancement. Though savaged by many 
             liberal academics at the time, it is now generally 
             regarded as ``an important and prophetic document,'' in 
             the words of Prof. William Julius Wilson of Harvard.
               Five years later, his memo to President Nixon on race 
             relations caused another uproar. Citing the raw feelings 
             provoked by the battles of the civil rights era, Mr. 
             Moynihan suggested a period of rhetorical calm--``benign 
             neglect'' he called it--a proposal widely misinterpreted 
             as a call to abandon Federal programs to improve the lives 
             of black families.
               Nonetheless, he could also be an effective legislator. 
             In his first term he teamed with Jacob K. Javits, his 
             Republican colleague, to pass legislation guaranteeing $2 
             billion worth of New York City obligations at a time when 
             the city faced bankruptcy. In a brief turn leading the 
             Environment and Public Works Committee in 1991 and 1992 he 
             successfully pushed to shift highway financing toward mass 
             transit--and get New York $5 billion in retroactive 
             reimbursement for building the New York State Thruway 
             before the Federal government began the Interstate Highway 
             System.
               Although Mr. Moynihan's junior colleague for 18 years, 
             Alfonse M. D'Amato, became known as Senator Pothole for 
             his pork-barrel efforts of New York, Mr. Moynihan held his 
             own in that department.
                            monument of bricks and marble
               Long before he came to the Senate, and until he left, he 
             was building a monument of bricks and marble by making 
             Washington's Pennsylvania Avenue, a dingy street where he 
             came to work for President John F. Kennedy in 1961, into 
             the grand avenue that George Washington foresaw for the 
             boulevard that connects the Capitol and the White House. 
             Nearly 40 years of his effort filled the avenue with new 
             buildings on its north side, including the apartment 
             houses where he lived, restored buildings on the south, 
             and cafes and a sense of life all along.
               Wherever he went, Mr. Moynihan explored interesting 
             buildings and worked to preserve architectural 
             distinction, from converting the main post office in 
             Manhattan into the new Pennsylvania Station, to the 
             Customs House at Battery Park and all around Washington. 
             Last year, over lunch and a martini at Washington's Hotel 
             Monaco, an 1842 Robert Mills building that was once the 
             city's main post office, he recalled how he had helped 
             rescue it from decline into a shooting gallery for drugs.
               Daniel Patrick Moynihan was born in Tulsa, Okla., on 
             March 16, 1927, the son of an itinerant, hard-drinking 
             newspaperman who moved the family to New York later that 
             year to take a job writing advertising copy. They lived 
             comfortably in the city and suburbs until 1937 when his 
             father, John Moynihan, left the family and left it in 
             poverty.
               Mr. Moynihan's childhood has been pseudo-glamorized by 
             references to an upbringing in Hell's Kitchen, which in 
             fact he encountered after his mother bought a bar there 
             when he was 20. But there was enough hardship and 
             instability in his early life so that when he later wrote 
             of ``social pathology,'' he knew what he was talking 
             about.
               Mr. Moynihan's mother, Margaret Moynihan, moved the 
             family, including a brother, Michael, and a sister, Ellen, 
             into a succession of Manhattan apartments, and Pat shined 
             shoes in Times Square. In 1943 he graduated first in his 
             class at Benjamin Franklin High School in East Harlem. He 
             also graduated to work as a stevedore at Piers 48 and 49 
             on West 11th Street.
               He went to City College for a year, enlisted in the 
             Navy, and was trained as an officer at Middlebury College 
             and at Tufts University. Discharged the next spring, he 
             went to work that summer tending bar for his mother, then 
             got his B.A. at Tufts in 1948 and an M.A. at the Fletcher 
             School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts in 1949.
               In 1950 he went to the London School of Economics on a 
             Fulbright scholarship, and he lived well on it, the G.I. 
             bill and later a job at an Air Force base. He started 
             wearing a bowler hat. He had a tailor and a bootmaker and 
             traveled widely, including a visit to Moynihan cousins in 
             County Kerry, Ireland.
               Work on his dissertation did not consume him. In 
             ``Pat,'' his 1979 biography, Doug Schoen described a 1952 
             visit by two former Middlebury colleagues: ``Impressed at 
             first with his elaborate file cabinet full of index cards, 
             they found that most of the cards were recipes for drinks 
             rather than notes on the International Labor 
             Organization.''
               Mr. Moynihan came home in 1953 and went to work in the 
             mayoral campaign of Robert F. Wagner. He went on to write 
             speeches for W. Averell Harriman's successful campaign for 
             Governor in 1954, joined his administration in Albany and 
             rose to become his chief aide. It was there he learned 
             about traffic safety, which he described in a 1959 article 
             in The Reporter as a public health problem requiring 
             Federal action to make automobile design safer.
                               a semi-modest proposal
               Another former campaign worker who came to Albany was 
             Elizabeth Brennan. Her desk and his were in the same room, 
             and they grew friendly. Rather suddenly in early 1955, 
             when they had never dated, Mr. Moynihan did not formally 
             propose but simply told her he was going to marry her.
               They married in May 1955, and she often said she married 
             him because he was the funniest man she ever met.
               His wife survives him, as do their three children: 
             Timothy, Maura and John, and two grandchildren.
               While he was an enthusiastic supporter of John F. 
             Kennedy, work at Syracuse University on a book about the 
             Harriman administration and his Ph.D. kept his role in the 
             campaign sporadic. But Liz Brennan Moynihan organized the 
             campaign efforts in the Syracuse area.
               His Ph.D. in international relations finally complete, 
             he left Syracuse in 1961 for Washington and the Labor 
             Department, rising to assistant secretary. One early 
             research assignment on office space for the scattered 
             department gave him an opportunity to assert guiding 
             architectural principles that have endured and produced 
             striking courthouses: that Federal buildings ``must 
             provide visual testimony to the dignity, enterprise, vigor 
             and stability of the American government.'' That same 
             report enabled him to raise the Pennsylvania Avenue issue, 
             and he was at work on development plans on Nov. 22, 1963, 
             when the word came that the President had been shot in 
             Dallas.
               Beyond his failed efforts to protect Mr. Oswald, Mr. 
             Moynihan marked that grim assassination weekend with a 
             widely remembered remark about the death of the President 
             he barely knew but idolized and eagerly followed.
               On Sunday, Nov. 24, he said in a television interview: 
             ``I don't think there's any point in being Irish if you 
             don't know that the world is going to break your heart 
             eventually. I guess we thought we had a little more 
             time.'' He added softly, ``So did he.''
               His first book, written jointly with Nathan Glazer, had 
             come out earlier that year. ``Beyond the Melting Pot'' 
             looked at the different ethnic groups of New York City and 
             scoffed at ``the notion that the intense and unprecedented 
             mixture of ethnic and religious groups in American life 
             was soon to blend into a homogeneous end product.'' 
             Ethnicity persisted, they argued.
               That concept won praise from the era's leading historian 
             of immigration, Harvard's Oscar Handlin, who called it a 
             ``point of departure'' in studies of immigrants. But in a 
             foretaste of academic criticism in years to come, he said 
             their methodology was sometimes ``flimsy.''
               ``The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,'' a 
             paper he wrote at the Labor Department early in 1965, 
             argued that despite the Johnson administrations's success 
             in passing civil rights laws, statutes could not ensure 
             equality after three centuries of deprivation. He said the 
             disintegration of black families had reached a point of 
             ``social pathology.'' He wrote: ``The principal challenge 
             of the next phase of the Negro revolution is to make 
             certain that equality of results will now follow. If we do 
             not, there will be no social peace in the United States 
             for generations.''
               He cited black unemployment, welfare and illegitimacy 
             rates. His emphasis on families headed by women led him to 
             be accused of blaming the victims for their predicament, 
             but in fact he wrote clearly, ``It was by destroying the 
             Negro family under slavery that white America broke the 
             will of the Negro people.'' Now, he wrote, the Federal 
             government must adopt policies especially in education and 
             employment, ``designed to have the effect, directly or 
             indirectly, of enhancing the stability and resources of 
             the Negro American family.''
               He left the administration in 1965 as liberals denounced 
             his paper, and then ran for President of the New York City 
             Council. He lost badly in the Democratic primary, but went 
             on to Wesleyan University and, in 1966, to Harvard as 
             director of the Joint Center for Urban Studies and a 
             tenured professor in the Graduate School of Education.
               He spoke out against disorder, in urban slums and on 
             select campuses. Speaking to Americans for Democratic 
             Action in 1967, he made it clear he thought liberal 
             pieties would not solve black problems.
               And in a passage that came to the eye of the Republican 
             Presidential candidate Richard M. Nixon, he said liberals 
             must ``see more clearly that their essential interest is 
             in the stability of the social order'' and ``make 
             alliances with conservatives who share that concern.'' 
             When Nixon was elected, Mr. Moynihan made his alliance. He 
             joined the White House staff as assistant to the President 
             for urban affairs.
               That startled his friends, and his wife refused to move 
             to Washington. Mr. Moynihan, who never developed, even 
             after Watergate, the searing contempt for Mr. Nixon that 
             animated so many contemporary Democrats, explained that 
             when the President of the United States asks, a good 
             citizen agrees to help. Another biographer, Godfrey 
             Hodgson, says that while Mr. Moynihan never stopped 
             thinking of himself as a liberal Democrat, he shared the 
             President's resentment of orthodox liberalism.
               While his advice to the President to end the war in 
             Vietnam stayed private, there were two ideas for which his 
             time in the Nixon White House was known.
               In 1970 he wrote to the President on race relations, 
             arguing that the issue had been rubbed raw by ``hysterics, 
             paranoids and boodlers'' on all sides. Now, he wrote, race 
             relations could profit from a period of ``benign neglect'' 
             in which rhetoric, at least, was toned down. In a return 
             of the reaction to his paper on the Negro family, when 
             this paper was leaked it was treated as if Mr. Moynihan 
             wanted to neglect blacks.
               He may have invited that interpretation by his quaintly 
             glib language, but in fact Mr. Moynihan was pushing an 
             idea that might have been of vast help to poor blacks, and 
             whites. That other idea for which he was known, the Family 
             Assistance Plan, sought to provide guaranteed income to 
             the unemployed and supplements to the working poor, and 
             together to stop fathers from leaving home so their 
             families could qualify for welfare. The President made a 
             speech for the program, sent it to Capitol Hill and let it 
             die.
               Afterward, though he remained on good terms with Mr. 
             Nixon, Mr. Moynihan went back to Harvard in 1970. 
             Resentment over his White House service chilled his 
             welcome back in Cambridge. His interests shifted to 
             foreign affairs--perhaps because the charges of racism 
             left him no audience for domestic policy, and made him 
             welcome an appointment as Ambassador to India, where he 
             negotiated a deal to end India's huge food aid debt to the 
             United States. He returned to Harvard to protect his 
             tenure in 1975, but moved that year to the United Nations 
             as U.S. Ambassador.
               There he answered the United States' third world critics 
             bluntly, often contemptuously.
               In his brief tenure he called Idi Amin, the President of 
             Uganda, a ``racist murderer,'' and denounced the General 
             Assembly for passing a resolution equating Zionism with 
             racism: ``the abomination of anti-Semitism has been given 
             the appearance of international sanction.'' After eight 
             months of struggles with Secretary of State Henry A. 
             Kissinger, who wanted a less confrontational approach, he 
             resigned in February 1976.
               That made him available for a run for the Democratic 
             nomination for the Senate, and he edged out the very 
             liberal Representative Bella Abzug in the primary before 
             winning the general election easily over the incumbent, 
             James L. Buckley, the Republican-Conservative candidate. 
             With his wife in charge of each campaign, he won three 
             landslide re-elections.
               He set one high goal--a seat on the Finance Committee as 
             a freshman--and reached it, along with a seat on the 
             Intelligence Committee. Early in office he joined Gov. 
             Hugh L. Carey, Speaker Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. and Senator 
             Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts in a St. Patrick's Day 
             appeal to Irish-Americans to stop sending money to arm the 
             Irish Republican Army, whom he privately described as ``a 
             bunch of murderous thugs.''
               Every year he produced an analysis of Federal taxes and 
             Federal aid, known as ``the fisc,'' which showed that New 
             York was getting regularly shortchanged by Washington. He 
             worked to reduce that imbalance, both through Medicaid 
             funding on the Finance Committee and public works on the 
             Environment and Public Works Committee.
               And his colleagues always knew he was around. Every day 
             of the 2,454-day captivity of Terry Anderson, the 
             Associated Press reporter captured in 1985 by the 
             Hezbollah in Lebanon, he would go to the Senate floor to 
             remind his colleagues, in a sentence, just how many days 
             it had been.

                             quarreled with white house

               After loyally serving four Presidents, he quarreled with 
             those in the White House while he was in the Senate. When 
             he arrived in 1977, he found President Carter too soft in 
             dealing with the Soviet Union and indifferent to its evil 
             nature.
               But he quickly came to believe that the Soviet Union was 
             crumbling. In Newsweek in 1979 he focused on its ethnic 
             tensions. In January 1980, he told the Senate: ``The 
             Soviet Union is a seriously troubled, even sick society. 
             The indices of economic stagnation and even decline are 
             extraordinary. The indices of social disorder--social 
             pathology is not too strong a term--are even more so.'' He 
             added. ``The defining event of the decade might well be 
             the breakup of the Soviet empire.''
               It was against that changed perception that he was 
             sharply critical of vast increases in military spending, 
             which, combined with the Reagan tax cuts, produced 
             deficits that he charged were intended to starve domestic 
             spending. He called a 1983 Reagan proposal for cutting 
             Social Security benefits a ``breach of faith'' with the 
             elderly, and worked out a rescue package that kept the 
             program solvent for at least a decade into the 21st 
             century.
               He also scorned the 1983 invasion of Grenada, the 1984 
             mining of harbors in Nicaragua and the 1989 invasion of 
             Panama as violations of international law, and voted 
             against authorizing President George H. W. Bush to make 
             war against Iraq. It was not enough, he wrote in his book 
             ``On the Law of Nations'' in 1990, for the United States 
             to be strong enough to get away with such actions. The 
             American legacy of international legal norms of state 
             behavior, he wrote, is ``a legacy not to be frittered 
             away.''
               But probably his worst relations with a President came 
             when Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton sought 
             passage of national health insurance.
               Certainly, the failure of health care legislation was 
             not primarily Mr. Moynihan's responsibility, but he had 
             become chairman of the Finance Committee in 1993, and 
             health care fell within its jurisdiction. He said the 
             administration should take on welfare reform legislation 
             first, and carped on television about their health plan, 
             quickly fixing on the role of teaching hospitals as the 
             biggest issue in health care. But otherwise he waited for 
             Mr. Packwood and Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, the 
             Republican leader, to propose a compromise. Mr. Dole had 
             decided all-out opposition was the better course for his 
             party, and they never did.
               Mr. Moynihan's career in the Senate was marked not by 
             legislative milestones but by ideas. Even so, Senator 
             Kennedy, the legislative lion, once described him in 1993 
             as an exemplar ``of what the Founding Fathers thought the 
             Senate would be about,'' because of the New Yorker's 
             breadth of interests, ``having read history, and thought 
             about it, and being opinionated.''

               Mr. President, I will end with a prayer. It is my hope, 
             it is my prayer, that God grant us a few more Pat 
             Moynihans in this Senate, in this country, in this world.
               I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New York.

               Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I join my colleague in 
             expressing our sense of loss at the passing of a man whom 
             we knew, we admired, we respected, we enjoyed.
               Yesterday, we lost more than ``The Gentleman from New 
             York.'' We lost one of the great minds of America's 20th 
             century. He devoted more than 50 years of his life to 
             public service in order to build a better world. For 
             Senator Moynihan, his service to his country and to the 
             State he loved was more than his career. It was his 
             calling.
               For 24 years, New Yorkers had the benefit of his 
             intellect and his dedication on the floor of this Senate. 
             Whenever he headed to the Senate floor to speak, he kept 
             the people of New York close to his heart. And he came 
             armed with three signature items: his horn-rim glasses, a 
             bow tie, and a great idea.
               No one believed more in the power of restoration than 
             Senator Moynihan: Restoration of our cities as economic 
             and cultural centers; restoration of our historic 
             buildings as public places of pride; restoration of the 
             family, when given the proper tools to mend decades of 
             despair; restoration of our government to better serve its 
             people.
               It was Senator Moynihan who helped restore our sense of 
             hope with his ability to look at an abandoned building, a 
             neglected neighborhood, or an empty school, and see not 
             only what it could become but how to make it so.
               He could ``see around corners,'' to quote his Irish 
             heritage. I always loved that phrase when applied to Pat 
             Moynihan because it so aptly described his unique ability 
             to foresee how we might address a difficult problem. Time 
             after time, he could see our Nation's next pressing 
             challenge--and its solution--even when it was decades away 
             from our own national conscience.
               His soul was anchored in the New Deal, but it was his 
             ability to enhance the social contract to meet the 
             challenges of the 20th and 21st century that transformed 
             the lives of millions of New Yorkers and Americans.
               Whether it was Social Security, Medicare, education, 
             health care, the environment, fighting poverty, or 
             historic preservation, every issue illustrated what 
             Senator Moynihan did best: He used the power of an idea as 
             an engine for change. He was an architect of hope.
               It was Senator Moynihan who was able to articulate that 
             poverty in an urban setting was just as isolating and 
             devastating as in a rural setting. This helped launch the 
             war on poverty and the idea that we now know as the earned 
             income tax credit.
               It was Senator Moynihan who realized that States such as 
             New York and others across the Northeast contributed more 
             in taxes than we received back from the Federal 
             Government. This prompted what he called the FISC Report, 
             and his fight, which I carry on, to get New York its fair 
             share.
               It was Senator Moynihan who looked at our historic 
             places--from Pennsylvania Avenue right here in Washington, 
             DC, to Penn Station in New York City--and saw how saving 
             these great monuments to the past held meaning and purpose 
             for our future.
               It was Senator Moynihan, as chairman of the Senate 
             Finance Committee, who helped write the 1993 Budget Act, 
             pass the Economic Act and the Deficit Reduction Act, that 
             set the foundation for the prosperity of the 1990s, lifted 
             7 million Americans out of poverty, and sent a clear 
             message that the Federal Government did its best work when 
             it did it responsibly, living within a budget. Unlike what 
             we have just seen here on the floor over the last several 
             days, Senator Moynihan understood that a government which 
             lived within its means made real choices, not false 
             choices which involved putting it on a credit card for our 
             children to have to pay.
               It was Senator Moynihan who, in addition to all of these 
             domestic accomplishments, forged a new era of foreign 
             policy for America with his work as Ambassador to India, 
             and with his eloquence on behalf of the United States, 
             speaking up during a contentious time as Ambassador to the 
             United Nations.
               On a personal note, it was Senator Moynihan who welcomed 
             me to his farm in Pindars Corners on a picture-perfect 
             July day in 1999 and offered his support and 
             encouragement, sending me on my way with a gesture of 
             profound kindness that I will never forget.
               A few months ago, Senator Moynihan came to see me in my 
             office. It is the office he was in for so many years. He 
             sat with me, and we talked about the issues confronting 
             this Senate. I asked his advice. I told him I wanted to 
             have a chance to talk with him further about so many of 
             the challenges that are facing us. Unfortunately, that was 
             not to be. His illness prevented him from coming back to 
             the Senate and from helping other Senators one last time.
               Today, we are all thinking of him and his family. We 
             extend our condolences, and our gratitude for the life he 
             lived, the example he set, and the countless contributions 
             he made.
               Senator Moynihan once said, in a very Irish way, ``Well, 
             knowledge is sorrow really.''
               He was right. The knowledge that he no longer walks 
             among us brings sorrow to every New Yorker and American. 
             He grew up in Hell's Kitchen, but he brought a bit of 
             heaven to the Senate. We are grateful for his being 
             amongst us; his looking around those corners, seeing 
             further than any of us could on our own.
               Our thoughts and prayers go out to his wonderful wife 
             Liz, his children, his grandchildren. We wish them 
             strength, and we want them to know that Pat Moynihan was a 
             blessing, a blessing to the Senate, a blessing to New 
             York, and a blessing to America.
               I thank the Chair.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut.

               Mr. DODD. Mr. President, let me first of all commend 
             both of our colleagues from New York, Senators Schumer and 
             Clinton, for their very eloquent remarks about our former 
             colleague and dear friend, Pat Moynihan. I know not only 
             the Moynihan family but the people of New York and others 
             around this great country who have had the privilege of 
             knowing and spending time with Pat Moynihan deeply 
             appreciate their comments and their words. I join in 
             expressing my deep sense of loss of a towering figure of 
             American life, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, whom we 
             all know passed away yesterday. My heart certainly goes 
             out to Senator Moynihan's family at this most difficult 
             time, his remarkable wife Liz and their three children, 
             Timothy, Maura, and John, as well as the entire Moynihan 
             family.
               All of us, every single American, even those who may 
             never have heard his name or are unaware of his 
             contribution, lost a member of the family in a sense with 
             the death of Pat Moynihan. That is because for more than 
             half a century, Pat Moynihan served the American people as 
             a soldier, teacher, author, assistant to four American 
             Presidents, Ambassador to India and the United Nations 
             and, of course, a Member of this Chamber for 24 years, 
             from 1977 to the year 2001.
               Pat Moynihan, to those of us who knew him so well, was 
             an intellectual giant who never lost sight of what makes 
             America tick, in its most fundamental way our Nation's 
             people and our Nation's families. He had a deep 
             appreciation and abiding of America's families as the 
             backbone of our Nation's social and economic structure 
             that has provided us with stability and growth and success 
             for more than two centuries.
               And he was, of course, an unparalleled leader in 
             pointing out weaknesses in America's families and ways in 
             which we might strengthen them.
               Generations of Americans, many of whom will never have 
             known or possibly even have heard of Pat Moynihan, will 
             reap the benefits of this most compassionate and 
             thoughtful leader among leaders.
               A true American success story by any calculation, Pat 
             Moynihan rose from the rough neighborhood of New York 
             City's Hell's Kitchen to become one of America's leading 
             intellectuals. He earned a bachelor's degree, two master's 
             degrees, and a Ph.D. as well as teaching appointments at 
             Harvard, MIT, and Syracuse University.
               Pat Moynihan was much more than simply a man of letters. 
             He, above all else, combined his intellectual capacity 
             with a strong sense of action; of getting things done.
               Pat Moynihan brought life to the notion that ideas serve 
             as the engine of democracy. Many of the most thoughtful 
             and progressive legislative programs that have improved 
             the lives of his beloved New York and all around our 
             Nation and across the globe for the past 40 years 
             originated in the brilliant mind of Pat Moynihan. From 
             protecting underprivileged children, to passionately 
             defending the Social Security system, to questioning 
             America's role in the world at pivotal moments in our 
             history, Pat Moynihan's intellectual agility was only 
             matched by his desire to make America a better nation, a 
             fairer nation, and a more successful one.
               The description ``renaissance figure'' is too liberally 
             applied to people who don't deserve it, in my view. That 
             is not the case with Pat Moynihan. He truly was a 
             renaissance figure, a person who could breeze easily and 
             expertly from issue to issue. He would expound upon what 
             is needed to improve mass transit systems nationwide one 
             moment, explain what is needed to achieve excellence in 
             our public education system in the next, and finish off 
             with his latest idea to bring majesty to the architecture 
             along Pennsylvania Avenue, all in a very seamless way.
               I have heard the remarks of many of our colleagues and 
             others over the last 24 hours in sharing their grief over 
             the loss of our friend. As I have read and heard these 
             remarks, in newspapers and public accounts, it struck me 
             that the words describing Pat Moynihan that are being most 
             repeated over and over again are courageous, 
             compassionate, principled, thoughtful, brilliant, and the 
             like.
               Few individuals have been so universally revered by so 
             many here in Washington and across the Nation for their 
             determination to make a difference in helping to steer our 
             Nation in the right direction over a half century. That is 
             because for decades Pat Moynihan embodied the highest 
             ideals and values of our Nation since its founding. This 
             was recognized by Democratic Presidents and Republican 
             ones alike. He served for both of them, and he served 
             well. It was recognized by every one of his Senate 
             colleagues, regardless of party or ideology, who had the 
             great fortune to have worked with him in this Chamber.
               Frederick Douglass once said, ``The life of a nation is 
             secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and 
             virtuous.''
               For 40 years Pat Moynihan lent those characteristics to 
             the heart of the U.S. Government. Pat Moynihan's death 
             leaves a void in this Chamber, and in this country, that 
             will not soon, if ever, be filled.
               I would like to think that there will be more Pat 
             Moynihans coming down the pike, to serve in this Chamber, 
             and in other important capacities nationwide. I would like 
             to think that there will be more individuals with the 
             style, and wit, and substance of Pat Moynihan to help 
             guide our Nation through the multitude of complex issues 
             we confront now and into the future.
               I would like to think so, but the truth is Pat Moynihan 
             was one of a kind. We will have to make do without him. I 
             only count my blessings that I had a chance to serve with 
             him in the U.S. Senate, and to have been able to call him 
             a friend.
               I conclude my remarks by expressing my deep sense of 
             loss to Liz and the rest of the Moynihan family. This 
             country has lost a remarkable individual, a person who 
             made significant contributions to the health and well-
             being of this Nation. But to those of us who had the joy 
             of serving with this delightful man from Ireland, we have 
             lost a wonderful friend, someone we will miss with a great 
             sense of loss for the rest of our lives.
               I express my gratitude and those of my family to the 
             Moynihan family, the people of New York, and to our 
             colleagues and staffs and others who worked with him 
             during those four decades of public service.
               I yield the floor.

               Mr. LEVIN. Mr. President, today is a very sad day for 
             America and for those of us who served in the U.S. Senate 
             with one of its most visionary and accomplished Members, a 
             great man, a great American, Senator Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan of New York, who died yesterday.
               It stretches the mind just to think of all of the 
             important positions that Pat Moynihan held, including 
             Cabinet or sub-Cabinet posts under four Presidents: John 
             Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford. 
             He served as Ambassador to India in the 1970s and then as 
             U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations. He came to the U.S. 
             Senate in 1977 already a scholar, author and public 
             official of great distinction and renown. In the 24 years 
             he spent here, he only greatly expanded his enormous 
             reputation and body of work. Pat Moynihan was a Senator's 
             Senator. Over the years, he earned the respect of every 
             Member of the Senate--and we all learned a great deal from 
             him.
               Pat Moynihan was a person who showed tremendous vision 
             throughout his life. He showed foresight about the 
             importance of a strong family and about the importance of 
             strong communities in America. He raised the critical 
             importance of these basic values and concerns about the 
             deterioration of these family values, long before others. 
             He showed great foresight about our Constitution. One of 
             the highlights for me in my service in the Senate was 
             joining Senator Moynihan and Senator Robert Byrd in 
             fighting successfully against the line-item veto as a 
             violation of our Constitution. And, he showed great 
             foresight about the world and the role of the United 
             States in international affairs. His work at the United 
             Nations and in the Senate, as a former vice chairman of 
             the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and as 
             chairman of the Finance Committee was marked by his 
             perceptive, analytical, and worldly view on trade, foreign 
             policy, and intelligence matters. Long before others, 
             Senator Moynihan was speaking of the economic and 
             ultimately military weaknesses of the Soviet Union and 
             predicting its collapse--at a time when most of the 
             American intelligence community was overestimating its 
             strength.
               It is virtually impossible to list all of Pat Moynihan's 
             accomplishments in the U.S. Senate. Among the most 
             lasting, however, will be his efforts on behalf of 
             architectural excellence in the Nation's Capital. He was a 
             crucial force behind the return to greatness of the 
             Pennsylvania Avenue corridor between the U.S. Capitol and 
             the White House, the restoration of Washington's 
             beautiful, elegant, and historic Union Station, and the 
             construction of the Thurgood Marshall Judiciary Building 
             here on Capitol Hill.
               And Pat could pack a punch, wielding his sharp sense of 
             humor as a devastating weapon as when, in 1981, when the 
             plastic covering used to protect the workers on the then-
             new Hart Senate Office Building was removed. No fan of the 
             lack of architectural merit of the Senate's newest office 
             building, he suggested that the plastic be immediately put 
             back. He commented, ``Even in a democracy, there are 
             things it is as well the people do not know about their 
             government.''
               The author or editor of 18 books, Senator Moynihan was 
             at the forefront of the national debate on issues ranging 
             from welfare reform to tax policy to international 
             relations. His most recent book, written in 1998, Secrecy 
             expands on the report of the Commission on Protecting and 
             Reducing Government Secrecy of which he was the chairman. 
             This is a fascinating and provocative review of the 
             history of the development of secrecy in the government 
             since World War I and argument for an ``era of openness.''
               At home in New York, in a State which is known for its 
             rough and tumble politics, he demonstrated leadership 
             again and again, exercising the power of intellect and the 
             ability to rise above the fray. That has been a wonderful 
             contribution not just to New York but to all of America.
               The Almanac of American Politics once noted ``Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan [was] the Nation's best thinker among 
             politicians since Lincoln and its best politician among 
             thinkers since Jefferson.'' Pat made a huge contribution 
             to this body and its reputation. I will never forget him.
               His wife, Liz, his children, grandchildren and the 
             entire Moynihan family are in our hearts and our prayers 
             today. Daniel Patrick Moynihan's memory will continue to 
             serve as an inspiration to us all in the Senate family--as 
             he was in life--to better serve the country that he loved 
             so much.

               Mr. HOLLINGS. Mr. President, so many Senators have 
             spoken so eloquently about the loss of Senator Moynihan; 
             but no one has been listened to in their speeches like 
             they listened to our friend in the bow tie with the 
             staccato delivery. Standing in this Chamber, he would 
             overwhelm with his original thoughts, including 
             overwhelming this Senator who had the good fortune to 
             listen to his ideas for all 24 of his years here.
               The saddest part about losing our friend is we lose him 
             when we need him most.
               He was the authority on Social Security, just when we 
             need someone to stand up and expose the numbers that these 
             voodoo tax cuts are taking out of the Social Security 
             Trust Funds. He was the U.N. Ambassador who spoke bluntly, 
             just when we need a guy with an opinion to straighten out 
             those people up in New York. He was the architect who 
             turned Pennsylvania Avenue into a grand boulevard, just 
             when we need someone to figure out how to protect against 
             terrorism and not undo the beauty he brought to this city.
               Right to the point: he was from the world of intellect, 
             not from the nonsense poll watchers. This Senator will 
             miss the gregarious big man with the biggest of the big 
             ideas, who nevertheless got things done in this Chamber.
               My wife Peatsy joins me in extending our deepest 
             sympathy to his wonderful wife Elizabeth and their family.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Massachusetts.

               Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, our dear colleague, Pat 
             Moynihan, was a true giant in the Senate, and his loss is 
             deeply felt by all of us who knew and admired him. He was 
             a brilliant statesman and legislator, and he was also a 
             wonderful friend to all the Kennedys throughout his 
             extraordinary career in the public life of the Nation.
               Forty-two years ago, President Kennedy enlisted many of 
             the finest minds of his generation to serve in the New 
             Frontier. Among the outstanding young men and women who 
             answered his call was the brilliant young Irishman who 
             became a Special Assistant to Jack's Secretary of Labor--
             and then an Assistant Secretary of Labor himself--Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan. On that snowy Inauguration Day in 
             January 1961, the torch was passed to that new generation 
             of Americans, and Pat Moynihan helped to hold it high in 
             all the years that followed.
               Pat leaves an outstanding legacy of extraordinary public 
             service and brilliant intellectual achievement that all of 
             us are proud of, and that President Kennedy would have 
             been proud of, too.
               Throughout his remarkable career, Pat was on the front 
             lines on the great social, political, and cultural 
             challenges of the day. To know him was to love him--the 
             remarkable intellect, the exceptional clarity of his 
             thinking--the abiding Irish wit that impressed and 
             enthralled us all so often. We were not alone. Pat's 
             qualities and achievements captivated, educated, and 
             inspired an entire generation of Americans.
               All of us in Congress and around the Nation learned a 
             great deal from Pat, and we will miss him dearly. His 
             wisdom and experience contributed immensely to the 
             progress our country has made on a wide variety of issues. 
             We loved the professor in him.
               It was not unusual for Senators on both sides of the 
             aisle to come to the Senate floor to hear Pat speak--
             Senators sitting like students in a class, trying to 
             understand a complex issue we were struggling with.
               The whole Senate loved and respected Pat. As he often 
             said, ``If you don't have 30 years to devote to social 
             policy, don't get involved.'' He dedicated his brilliant 
             mind and his beautiful Irish heart to that challenge, and 
             America is a stronger and better and fairer nation today 
             because of his contributions. With his great insight, and 
             wisdom, he skillfully questioned the way things worked, 
             constantly searching for new and better ways to enable all 
             Americans to achieve their dreams.
               In the 24 years Pat served with us in the Senate, he was 
             the architect of many of the Nation's most progressive 
             initiatives to help our fellow citizens, especially those 
             in need. He left his mark on virtually every major piece 
             of domestic policy legislation enacted by Congress.
               He had a central role in shaping the debate on welfare 
             reform, and he was a visionary when it came to protecting 
             and strengthening Medicare and Social Security. He 
             spearheaded the major transportation legislation that 
             provides indispensable support for highways throughout the 
             country and for mass transit in our cities.
               An important part of Pat's legacy is the restoration of 
             Pennsylvania Avenue, which my friend and colleague, 
             Senator Schumer, referenced--the Nation's principal 
             thoroughfare. The key to that dream was the preservation 
             of Lafayette Park, right across from the White House. 
             Jackie Kennedy Onassis put forward the vision that she and 
             Pat shared to preserve that famous national square and the 
             townhouses that surround it, which are such a vital part 
             of our history and our architectural heritage.
               Throughout his career, Pat worked brilliantly, 
             effectively, tirelessly, and with great political skill, 
             to promote the highest values of public service. And in 
             doing so, he earned well-deserved renown and respect from 
             all of us in Congress on both sides of the aisle, from 
             Republican and Democratic administrations alike, from 
             political thinkers, foreign policy experts, and leaders of 
             other nations as well.
               In a world of increasing specialization, there was no 
             limit to his interest or his intellect or his ability. In 
             so many ways, he was the living embodiment of what our 
             Founding Fathers had in mind when they created the U.S. 
             Senate. And he did it all without ever losing his common 
             touch, because he cared so deeply about the millions of 
             citizens he served so well, the people of New York.
               One of my own happiest associations with Pat was our 
             work together to end the violence in Northern Ireland and 
             bring peace to that beautiful land of our ancestors. Pat 
             and I worked closely with Tip O'Neill and Hugh Carey on 
             that issue, and they called us the ``Four Horsemen.''
               Pat believed very deeply in that cause and in all the 
             other great causes he did so much to advance during his 
             long and brilliant career. Whether serving in the Navy or 
             as professor, adviser to Presidents, Ambassador, or 
             Senator, Pat brought out the best in everyone he touched, 
             and his mark on Earth will be remembered forever.
               At another dark time in our history, after President 
             Kennedy was taken from us, Pat said, ``I don't think 
             there's any point in being Irish if you don't know that 
             the world is going to break your heart eventually.'' Pat's 
             loss breaks all our hearts today, and we know we will 
             never forget him. We never forgot the lilt of his Irish 
             laughter that stole our hearts away.
               My heart goes out to Liz and the entire Moynihan family. 
             We will miss Pat very much, and we will do our best to 
             carry on his incomparable work to make our country and our 
             world a better place.

               Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I spoke briefly last night 
             of the sorrow we all felt on hearing that our former 
             colleague, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, passed away. This 
             afternoon I join with Senators Schumer, Clinton, Kennedy, 
             Dodd, and others to return to the floor to say a bit more 
             for the Record about this truly remarkable man and about 
             how much the Senate and the Nation will miss him.
               Opening this morning's newspapers at a time when news of 
             the war in Iraq seems to eclipse all else, I found it 
             fitting that Daniel Patrick Moynihan was--as he was so 
             often during his long public career--once again front page 
             news. Newspapers across the Nation--and indeed, around the 
             world--are filled today with accounts of Senator 
             Moynihan's life and work.
               What has been written in just the short time since his 
             death yesterday afternoon reminds us how extraordinary Pat 
             Moynihan really was.
               The New York Times--the newspaper Senator Moynihan read 
             religiously every day, from cover to cover, we are told--
             reported that he ``brought a scholar's eye for data to 
             politics and a politician's sense of the real world to 
             academia.''
               The Washington Post noted that he ``pursued with 
             distinction enough careers for half a dozen men of lesser 
             talents and imagination: politician, Presidential adviser, 
             diplomat, author, professor, public intellectual.''
               In talking about Senator Moynihan with colleagues and 
             friends last night and today, it strikes me that everyone 
             seems to come back to one idea: People like Pat Moynihan 
             simply do not come along every day.
               I said yesterday that he seemed larger than life. He was 
             also, truly, one of a kind. Senator Moynihan's myriad 
             public accomplishments are being--and will no doubt 
             continue to be--well documented.
               Today, I want to add to what has been said in the press 
             and on this floor some of the less frequently mentioned 
             things that made Pat special to those of us who had the 
             privilege to know him and work with him.
               Pat Moynihan enlivened the Senate. He did so in many 
             ways, but there are three in particular that come to mind 
             for me today.
               First was the way he applied his encyclopedic mind to 
             the deliberations of the Senate. In our Democratic Caucus 
             meetings, in committee hearings, and here on the floor, he 
             elevated our discourse. He would make a point, and drive 
             it home, by drawing on his sweeping knowledge of history, 
             literature, poetry, and the arts. He could quote from 
             hundreds of sources--from memory.
               Listening to Pat speak extemporaneously, you might be 
             treated to verbatim quotes from Disraeli or Churchill, 
             Yeats or Robert Frost, Dylan Thomas, Evelyn Waugh, Arthur 
             Conan Doyle, or Shakespeare. He always had just the right 
             quote to support his argument, and he always quoted 
             accurately.
               I once read that the staff of the Shakespeare Theater 
             here--where Pat was a frequent patron--often noticed him 
             silently mouthing the words of the play--as the actors 
             spoke them.
               A second gift of Pat's that we all treasured was his 
             ready sense of humor. It was a puckish, mischievous wit, 
             and it never failed to surprise and amuse us.
               I remember when the Hart Senate Office Building was 
             completed. Pat was never an admirer of the architecture of 
             the Hart Senate Office Building. In fact, he thought it 
             was downright ugly. When the building was finished and the 
             construction tarp was taken down, Pat introduced a 
             resolution saying the tarp should be put back up.
               Pat also knew how to use his wit to disarm. He was 
             famously blunt and direct with the press. But he also knew 
             how to use humor to avoid questions he preferred not to 
             answer.
               Nearly every week, he invited the New York press corps 
             into his office in the Russell Building for coffee and to 
             answer questions. If he chose to, he could crack a 
             hilarious joke and have the press in stitches. By the time 
             they got through laughing, they had forgotten the question 
             altogether.
               Finally, Pat Moynihan was a fierce Senate 
             institutionalist--a quality that endeared him to me, to 
             Senator Byrd, and to so many of us.
               Pat Moynihan loved and revered this institution--much as 
             he loved and revered public service.
               His respect for the Senate showed itself in many ways, 
             from his stout defense of Senate powers and prerogatives 
             to his keen interest in the architectural preservation of 
             the Capitol Building and its environs.
               Pat had a sentimental side, as many of us do, when it 
             came to this building.
               On special occasions, he loved to present friends with a 
             gift of sandstone bookends made from the old East Front of 
             the Capitol. With each presentation of those treasured 
             stones, Pat loved to tell an elaborate story about the 
             political intrigue surrounding the extension of the East 
             Front in the 1950s.
               These are just a few of the special things that come to 
             mind as we reflect on the unique life and legacy of our 
             friend and former colleague.
               I said last night that in losing Pat Moynihan, New York 
             and the Nation have lost a giant. And, as Winston 
             Churchill once said of another great patriot, we shall not 
             see his like again.
               On behalf of the entire U.S. Senate, I again extend 
             sincerest condolences to Pat's beloved wife and partner, 
             Liz, to their children, Tim, John, and Maura, and to their 
             grandchildren, Zora and Michael Patrick.
               We thank them for sharing so much of their husband, 
             father and grandfather with us. Our thoughts and prayers 
             are with them at this hour.
               I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Missouri.

               Mr. BOND. Mr. President, I rise today to join my 
             colleagues to mourn the passing of and express respect and 
             admiration for the service of our former colleague, Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan, whom we recently lost.
               Before I came to this body, I had heard a great deal 
             about Pat Moynihan. Who had not? If you followed 
             government, if you were interested in policy, Pat Moynihan 
             probably said something that was very important. He was 
             way ahead of his time on some issues. On other issues, I 
             disagreed with him rather strongly, but you knew if Pat 
             Moynihan spoke, it was going to be worth listening to. If 
             you did not agree with him, you were going to have to work 
             hard to counter it.
               I had some disagreements with the distinguished Senator 
             from New York. As a matter of fact, in the 1992 Highway 
             Bill, I had a spectacular confrontation with him. We 
             disagreed over a courthouse that was included in the 
             highway bill. Thereafter, we became very good friends, and 
             I think as a result of our rather tumultuous getting 
             acquainted, I had the opportunity to spend a good bit of 
             time with him.
               We were neighbors in an area of the Capitol where we 
             both had workspaces. I spent a number of evenings enjoying 
             a discussion with him as we watched the debates on the 
             floor of the Senate. His ability to discuss and have 
             insightful observations about so many subjects was truly 
             impressive. If I ever met a Renaissance man, it was Pat 
             Moynihan.
               I will give one example. Everybody knows the great role 
             he played in revitalizing Pennsylvania Avenue and the 
             leadership he provided. He was a great student of 
             architecture. One of the projects we worked on in Missouri 
             was saving the Wainwright Building, the first steel-framed 
             skyscraper designed by Louis Sullivan. I mentioned it to 
             him one day. He proceeded to give me a short course in 
             architecture and the role of Louis Sullivan and his 
             draftsman, Frank Lloyd Wright, which went far beyond the 
             knowledge I had of the building in St. Louis. As a student 
             of architecture, as a student who appreciated the benefits 
             architecture brings to the quality of life, he was 
             absolutely without peer.
               There were many other issues, and I know my colleagues 
             will have many thoughts to share about him, but I wanted 
             to rise to say to those he leaves behind that he was truly 
             an outstanding servant, one whose friendship and whose 
             insights and experiences I personally will always hold 
             dear. I know this body is far richer for his presence and 
             his service.
               I thank the Chair. I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Montana.

               Mr. BURNS. Mr. President, I also rise to join with my 
             colleagues on the passing of Pat Moynihan. Where does one 
             start when a friend and colleague leaves us?
               When Senator Moynihan retired from the Senate, where he 
             served our country and his State so well, he really did 
             not leave us. Now in this, his last transition, he will 
             not leave us. He left so much of himself with us. His 
             words will remain with us for years to come.
               I did not join the Senate until 1989. Being on the 
             opposite side of the aisle--I was one who had not earned 
             his spurs yet--I did not have the opportunity to get to 
             know him until we went on a trip together to the Persian 
             Gulf during Desert Shield in 1990. I can say my life has 
             been richly blessed serving with a lot of men and women 
             who have since retired from this body. He was one of those 
             people.
               That was a great trip to the Persian Gulf. We spent a 
             lot of hours in flight and spent a lot of hours in 
             conversation, which was truly enlightening to this Senator 
             from a rural State such as Montana. Our relationship grew 
             from that point, and I realized what a marvelous man he 
             really was.
               He was a man true to his faith and principles. His 
             intellect stood him apart from most men I have ever known, 
             but he coupled that intellect with good old-fashioned 
             common sense and deep wisdom.
               The subject matter of the conversation did not make any 
             difference. He could relate to anyone on a common ground. 
             The ability to communicate with anybody who is not blessed 
             with the same amount of institutional information or 
             knowledge of any issue that may confront policymakers on a 
             daily basis is a wonderful talent. He was one I held in 
             high esteem, as he was one of the most intelligent men I 
             have ever known.
               It is unusual to find a person of that caliber to be 
             blessed with a great sense of humor, and to put it on our 
             level. He was quick, and his humor would sneak up on you. 
             A man of his own style, very comfortable with himself, his 
             presentations on the floor, in committee, or in public 
             were strictly Pat Moynihan. We shall miss his voice on the 
             floor of the Senate for several reasons, and printed words 
             cannot describe that distinct sound.
               I notice my friend from West Virginia is in the Chamber. 
             Senator Moynihan sat only two seats behind Senator Byrd.
               We can hear him today say, ``Mr. President, may we have 
             order.''
               That was distinctly a call we all knew, understood, and 
             respected. I shall miss him. I shall never forget him. 
             Whatever accolades he may receive, he earned every one.
               I yield the floor.

               The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from West Virginia.

               Mr. BYRD. Mr. President.

               There is a Catskill eagle in some souls that can alike 
             dive down into the blackest gorges and soar out of them 
             again and become invisible in the sunny spaces. And even 
             if he forever flies within the gorge, that gorge is in the 
             mountains; so that even in his lowest swoop, the mountain 
             eagle is still higher than other birds upon the plain, 
             even though they soar.

               I was saddened to learn last night of the death of one 
             of the most educated, most versatile, and most gifted 
             persons ever to bless this Chamber, and one of my 
             favorites, our former colleague, Senator Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan.
               With master's and doctorate degrees from the Fletcher 
             School of Law and Diplomacy, he was a Fulbright scholar 
             and the author of a number of sometimes controversial, but 
             important, books. He held academic positions at several of 
             our country's most prestigious universities, including 
             Syracuse, Harvard, and MIT.
               Unable to settle into an academic life, Pat Moynihan 
             went on to serve in high positions in the administrations 
             of Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard 
             Nixon, and Gerald Ford--making him the first and only 
             person to serve in the Cabinet or sub-Cabinets of four 
             successive administrations. His government work included 
             serving as the American Ambassador to India and as the 
             U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations.
               Even with this background, and these accomplishments, 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan still refused to rest. In fact, 
             his greatest work, I might even go so far as to say his 
             destiny, was still ahead. In 1976, he was elected to the 
             first of four terms in the U.S. Senate.
               I was then the Democratic whip. I knew I was going to be 
             the next Senate majority leader, so I welcomed Pat 
             Moynihan to the Senate and assured him I would do my best 
             to see that he got appointed to the Senate Finance 
             Committee. That is where he wanted to go.
               So it was in this Chamber that the talents, the skills, 
             and the powerful intellect of this philosopher-statesman 
             shined the brightest.
               It was more than his outstanding work as a Senator from 
             a large and powerful State.
               It was more than his outstanding work as chairman of the 
             Senate Environment and Public Works Committee and as 
             chairman of the Senate Finance Committee.
               It was that he was a visionary with the strongest sense 
             of the pragmatic, an idealist with the most profound grasp 
             of what was practical, an internationalist who always put 
             our country first. With his keen and profound historical 
             perspective and his incredible breadth of knowledge 
             ranging from taxes to international law, he had the 
             uncanny ability to make us confront issues that needed to 
             be confronted, and to cut to the core of a problem and 
             then help us to solve it.
               A person and a Senator not only of high intellectual 
             quality, but also high intellectual honesty, Senator 
             Moynihan took on the complicated and politically sensitive 
             issues, like Social Security, health care, and welfare 
             reform, with passion and compassion; he took on these 
             mighty subjects with determination and foresight and with 
             unflinching integrity.
               I have never forgotten, and will never forget, our 
             valiant fight together to challenge and defeat the line-
             item veto. I wish he were here now. This was one of his 
             many struggles to preserve and to protect our 
             constitutional system. We need more Pat Moynihans who 
             would take an unflinching stand for the Constitution and 
             this institution. He truly believed in our Constitution 
             just as he truly believed in the mission as well as the 
             traditions, the rules, and the folkways of the U.S. 
             Senate. He knew that the American Government is not the 
             monster that demagogues fear and like to portray but a 
             positive, creative force in American life that has helped 
             all Americans to enjoy better, safer, and more productive 
             lives.
               Senator Moynihan retired from the Senate in the year 
             2000. But he was one of those Senators who was so much a 
             part of this institution that he has never really left it. 
             I still look over at his seat and sit in my own and turn 
             it in that direction and listen to him. I can hear him; I 
             can still see him. Yes, just like I still see Richard B. 
             Russell who sat at this seat and who departed this life on 
             January 21, 1971; like I can still see Everett Dirksen, 
             that flamboyant Republican orator and leader; as I can see 
             Lister Hill of Alabama, and the other great lawmakers with 
             whom I have had the privilege and the honor of serving.
               I look over there and see his unruly hair, his crooked 
             bow tie, his glasses that always seemed about to fall off 
             his face, and that unforgettable Irish twinkle in his 
             eyes.
               But I have missed his incredible grasp of the issues. I 
             have missed his intellectual vigor, and his incisive wit 
             and wisdom. In these difficult and trying times, I, and 
             the Senate, have sorely missed his innate sense of 
             fairness, and his unbounded and unqualified determination 
             to do the right thing regardless of political party or 
             political consequences. As I said when he retired from the 
             Senate, ``His conscience is his compass. . . . Senator 
             Moynihan states facts, the cold, hard truths that many 
             others in high places refuse to face and that some are 
             unable to see.''
               Senator Moynihan lived the lifetime of ten mortals. An 
             author, ambassador, college professor, outstanding public 
             servant, and a great U.S. Senator, he accomplished so 
             much. He leaves an indelible mark on this country. His 
             legacy is intact. His was a creative and successful life. 
             And he was blessed with a wonderful and gracious wife, 
             Elizabeth. My wife Erma and I extend our deepest and 
             heartfelt condolences to Pat's entire family.
               I close my remarks by reciting the immortal words of 
             Josiah Gilbert Holland:

               God give us men!
               A time like this demands strong minds,
               great hearts, true faith, and ready hands.
               Men whom the lust of office does not kill;
               Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy;
               Men who possess opinions and a will;
               Men who have honor; men who will not lie.

               Men who can stand before a demagogue
               And brave his treacherous flatteries without winking.
               Tall men, sun-crowned;
               Who live above the fog,
               In public duty and in private thinking.
               For while the rabble with its thumbworn creeds,
               It's large professions and its little deeds,
               mingles in selfish strife,
               Lo! Freedom weeps!

               Wrong rules the land and waiting justice sleeps.
               God give us men!
               Men who serve not for selfish booty;
               But real men, courageous, who flinch not at duty.
               Men of dependable character;
               Men of sterling worth;
               Then wrongs will be redressed, and right will rule the 
             Earth.
               God Give us Men!

               Mr. President, those of us who knew Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan, especially those of us who served with him here 
             in the Senate, will remember his ``strong mind,'' his 
             ``great heart,'' his ``true faith,'' and his ``ready 
             hands.'' We will remember him as a man of ``dependable 
             character'' and ``sterling worth.''
               Thank you, God, for giving us Senator Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan.
               I yield the floor.

               Mr. BROWNBACK. Mr. President, I rise today to join my 
             colleagues in offering a tribute to the late distinguished 
             Senator Patrick Moynihan, a role model, an inspiration, a 
             friend, and my fellow Senator. I can only hope that with 
             my poor speaking skills, in comparison certainly to his, I 
             can do justice to his many virtues and innumerable 
             contributions he made to this Nation. I know today many of 
             my colleagues are lauding him for his principled stands, 
             even if it meant feeling exiled in Siberia. He many times 
             fought the lonely and oftentimes frustrating fight, but he 
             knew what was right and that sustained him through the 
             years of criticism and controversy and, ultimately, was 
             normally proven right. He was a great role model.
               In fact, when I first met the Senator from New York, one 
             of the things that came to my mind was what the German 
             poet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, once said, ``Talents are 
             best nurtured in solitude; character is best formed in the 
             stormy billows of the world.''
               He also said, ``He who is firm and resolute in will, 
             molds the world to himself.''
               I can't think of anybody to which this statement applies 
             better than to Senator Moynihan. He has always been 
             willing to stand upon his principles, in solitude if 
             necessary, to weather the stormy billows of the world, to 
             truly mold the world to himself.
               He has been someone who has been the epitome of being 
             firm and resolute in will, no matter the criticism, the 
             controversy or the circumstances.
               In fact, when he first wrote his report to President 
             Johnson, for example, 40 years ago, highlighting the 
             rising out-of-wedlock birthrates that were taking place in 
             the country, he felt that this threatened the stability of 
             the family, particularly minority families, one of the 
             building blocks of our society. He was roundly attacked at 
             that time. Rather than seeing this report rightly as a 
             chilling foreboding of problems to come, people chose to 
             turn a blind eye to the truth upon which he so correctly 
             shed light. Now we have reached a stage where the out-of-
             wedlock birthrates in all the communities in our country 
             have reached dangerous proportions, and everyone is in 
             agreement about exactly how dangerous this is.
               How many times we have heard, ``Patrick Moynihan was 
             right.'' How many times should we have had to hear it 
             said? Senator Moynihan always understood the overriding 
             importance of the truth, of ensuring that there is 
             substance behind one's politics and not just words. He 
             showed this time and time again.
               For example, one of the most important chapters of our 
             Nation's story of human freedom and dignity is the history 
             and legacy of the African-American march toward freedom, 
             legal equality, and full participation in American 
             society. Senator Moynihan understood the importance of 
             this history, which is why in the 102d Congress he 
             championed the effort to create a National African-
             American Museum, a vital project upon which Congressman 
             Lewis and I now have spent several years working and which 
             we hope to get to completion.
               With Senator Moynihan's leadership, at that time the 
             museum idea successfully passed the Senate but, 
             unfortunately, did not pass the House and to this day we 
             picked up his mantle and are still working on it.
               Senator Moynihan understood why it was so critical to 
             honor this history, truly the history of not just African-
             Americans but of our Nation. His commitment was key to the 
             first efforts.
               As I seek to move forward the legislation to create the 
             museum, I am honored that I am now carrying on the work he 
             began in this body. It certainly makes for very big shoes 
             to fill, but I am only hopeful that in his memory I may do 
             just efforts justice.
               Billy Graham once said, ``Courage is contagious. When a 
             brave man takes a stand the spine of others are often 
             stiffened.''
               This was always true when we associated with Senator 
             Moynihan. Somehow, people seemed to stand a little taller, 
             act more resolute. They even argued better. No one could 
             ever out-argue Senator Moynihan, but somehow the challenge 
             of having such a talented opponent made one's own skills 
             sharper.
               There is so much more to my friend, though, than what is 
             so obviously and publicly known. For example, so many of 
             us here experienced his wonderful and robust sense of 
             humor, something I wish everyone could have had the 
             pleasure of participating in seeing. Senator Moynihan was 
             all of this and much, much more.
               He was often described as the great statesman of the 
             Senate, a breed that seems more and more difficult to find 
             in politics. He was always a steadfast defender of 
             American principles. He was also someone who brought 
             dignity, character, and humor to this body. He has been 
             and always will be the role model of the true statesman.
               In the Second Epistle to Timothy, Paul writes, ``I have 
             fought the good fight, I finished the course, I have kept 
             the faith.''
               Senator Moynihan certainly did so. All of us here and 
             across the Nation have benefited.
               Mr. President, I yield the floor.

               Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, as we bring to a close what 
             has been a very productive week over the last 4 days here 
             in the Senate, we have had ups and downs and a lot of very 
             productive debate. Many sad events and many happy events 
             have actually been talked about on the floor, with the 
             range from the death of Daniel Patrick Moynihan, an icon 
             who has spoken so many times from this floor to the 
             American people--indeed, to the world--to the many 
             comments made in morning business over the course of this 
             week paying tribute to our men and women, our soldiers 
             overseas; a resolution today commending the coalition of 
             allies who support the United States and our British 
             friends in the efforts that are under way as I speak 
             today; all the way to a budget that is a culmination, in 
             many ways, of weeks and weeks of work as we have defined 
             the priorities of this body in spending the taxpayers' 
             dollars for the foreseeable future--a first step, the 
             culmination of a lot of debate and discussion as we go 
             through our conference with the House over the next 
             several weeks.
               We had a lot of ups and a lot of downs but a lot of 
             progress, and we are doing the Nation's business at the 
             same time we are paying respect to the incidents that are 
             playing out before us in the international and domestic 
             realm. Last night I had the opportunity of introducing the 
             resolution, along with Senator Daschle, paying respects to 
             Senator Moynihan and, as I mentioned in my opening 
             comments today, once again, the great legacy that he 
             leaves all of us.
               I would like to pay one final tribute to him, and read 
             just a few paragraphs from the commencement speech he gave 
             at Harvard in 2002, which has previously been printed in 
             the Record.
               The commencement speech at Harvard, 2002, is entitled 
             ``Civilization Need Not Die'' by Daniel Patrick Moynihan:

               Last February, some 60 academics of the widest range of 
             political persuasion and religious belief, a number from 
             here at Harvard, including Huntington, published a 
             manifesto: ``What We're Fighting For: A Letter from 
             America.''
               It has attracted some attention here; perhaps more 
             abroad, which was our purpose. Our references are wide, 
             Socrates, St. Augustine, Franciscus de Victoria, John Paul 
             II, Martin Luther King, Jr., Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the 
             Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
               We affirmed ``five fundamental truths that pertain to 
             all people without distinction,'' beginning ``all human 
             beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.''
               We allow for our own shortcomings as a nation, sins, 
             arrogance, failings. But we assert we are no less bound by 
             moral obligation. And finally, . . . reason and careful 
             moral reflection . . . teach us that there are times when 
             the first and most important reply to evil is to stop it.
               But there is more. Forty-seven years ago, on this 
             occasion, General George C. Marshall summoned our Nation 
             to restore the countries whose mad regimes had brought the 
             world such horror. It was an act of statesmanship and 
             vision without equal in history. History summons us once 
             more in different ways, but with even greater urgency. 
             Civilization need not die. At this moment, only the United 
             States can save it. As we fight the war against evil, we 
             must also wage peace, guided by the lesson of the Marshall 
             Plan--vision and generosity can help make the world a 
             safer place.

               Those are the words of Daniel Patrick Moynihan, again, 
             in 2002. They reflect very much the global thinking, the 
             compassion, the integrity, the foresight of this great 
             icon in this body.

                                                 Monday, March 31, 2003

                               DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN

               Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, I came to the floor to say 
             a few words about Senator Patrick Moynihan. Obviously, I 
             didn't know him for all of his very successful and rather 
             stupendous life, but I knew him rather well for that 
             portion spent in the Senate. Even as to that portion, it 
             was not my privilege to spend a great deal of time on the 
             same committees with the Senator. But it was obvious to me 
             he was a very big man, not big only in stature--he was 
             very tall--but clearly he spoke eloquently and could grasp 
             the situation with a demeanor and in a manner that was not 
             very common and ordinary here.
               From my standpoint, we built up a friendship principally 
             based upon his asking me a lot of questions about the 
             budget and about my work as chairman or ranking member on 
             the Senate floor.
               Today it was my privilege to attend, with my wife Nancy, 
             his funeral mass and some of the other ceremonial events 
             that bid him goodbye. My wife Nancy and I got to share 
             with his marvelous wife Elizabeth; everybody calls her 
             Liz. We had had on one occasion as couples an opportunity 
             to travel with Senator Moynihan and his wife and others on 
             a very lengthy trip that included China and other parts of 
             the world, Japan. It was rather marvelous to have him 
             regale us with stories and tales and history as we would 
             be traveling from one country to another. When he was 
             around on those kinds of events, you didn't have to have 
             books to read. You would just get a seat close to him and 
             ask questions, and he would tell you something 
             significant, different, important, something you clearly 
             never would read and never had heard.
               We all miss him. There is no doubt about it.
               One day I recall was the close of a budget session, a 
             long debate on the budget. Final passage came up. It had 
             been a very arduous and difficult one, much like the last 
             one we just experienced, but more so. I had counted votes 
             and thought I would win. I thought I would get 51 votes, 
             which is what I needed. I noted that during the time of 
             the debate and in particular the closing, Senator Moynihan 
             had listened a little more than I had expected. No reason 
             for him to do that. Senators were in and out.
               I had also noticed during the course of events that he 
             would stop by and talk with me and say something to me 
             about what was going on.
               The vote occurred, and I was not paying attention to the 
             vote. I knew I would get the votes necessary. But when the 
             votes were counted, I had one more than expected. So I 
             asked, who was that; what happened? Somebody on the other 
             side of the aisle, without saying much and perhaps without 
             talking to his own leadership, had voted for the 
             resolution. Sure enough, it was Patrick Moynihan. I didn't 
             have a chance then to say anything to him, but later on, I 
             purposely found him and thanked him, and I asked him what 
             was that all about.
               He said: Well, to tell you the truth, that Budget Act is 
             too confusing and confounds everybody. You worked too hard 
             to try to get it done, and you made an awful lot of sense. 
             I just decided that regardless of the philosophy, that was 
             enough for me to vote for the budget resolution, in the 
             sense that I was just voting for you.
               Things like that don't happen very often. I am sure 
             everybody has stories similar to that and more so. Today, 
             as we attended the funeral mass, there were literally 
             hundreds of people from all walks of life--kind of 
             befitting what he had done and the life he had lived. On 
             one side I noticed the Secretary of Defense had kind of 
             eased his way into the church and was kneeling on one side 
             there in an inconspicuous way--many Ambassadors, a lot of 
             Senators, a very large entourage of Senators. Perhaps as 
             many as 10 former Senators from our day who now live 
             somewhere else doing other things had found their way into 
             Washington to be there.
               I choose today for these very few moments to say thank 
             you to him for his great service in the Senate, to his 
             family, and particularly to his wife, who obviously 
             sacrificed greatly while he was being a Senator. She, too, 
             has a profession of her own and was somewhat restrained 
             and had to live more of a life in Washington, tied sort of 
             to his career, than she had at other times in her life. 
             But from what I have gathered, they were both great 
             citizens and very pleased and proud to be part of this 
             Senate.
               I thank him and bid him adieu.

               Mr. GRAHAM of Florida. Mr. President, I join my 
             colleagues today in mourning the passing of a giant of the 
             20th century--our former colleague, Senator Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan. The list of his contributions to this Nation is 
             long and impressive: from White House aide, to Ambassador 
             to India and the United Nations, to Senator from the State 
             of New York for 24 years. Pat Moynihan left an indelible 
             mark on our Nation and the world.
               Senator Moynihan has been described as the best thinker 
             among politicians since Abraham Lincoln and the best 
             politician among thinkers since Thomas Jefferson. Few 
             Senators in the 241-year history of this institution have 
             had the intellectual impact on public policy as did 
             Patrick Moynihan. From tax policy to environmental 
             protection, he was an always constructive and frequently 
             dominant advocate. He frequently converted a Senate 
             committee hearing or floor debate into what was his first 
             passion, a college classroom. Those of us who were 
             fortunate to be his students are forever in his debt.
               Adele and I offer our condolences to Elizabeth and their 
             family, and we will recognize in our prayers the loss that 
             the Nation and each of us individually have suffered.
               Mr. President, I add that I consider it a terrible irony 
             that on the eve of Senator Moynihan's death, March 26, the 
             White House announced the signing of amended Executive 
             Order 12,958. This Executive order delays the release of 
             millions of long-classified government documents and 
             grants to government bureaucrats new authority to 
             reclassify information. The vast majority of these 
             documents are more than 25 years old and were to have been 
             automatically declassified on April 17 of this year.
               I consider this ironic because Senator Moynihan was a 
             champion of open government. Among his many writings, 
             including 18 books, was Secrecy. Senator Moynihan 
             concluded that book with these words:

               A case can be made that secrecy is for losers, for 
             people who don't know how important information really is. 
             The Soviet Union realized this too late. Openness is now a 
             singular and singularly American advantage. We put it in 
             peril by poking along in the mode of an age now past. It 
             is time to dismantle government secrecy, this most 
             pervasive of cold war era regulations. It is time to begin 
             building the supports for the era of openness, which is 
             already upon us.

               Mr. President, we in the Senate and those in the White 
             House should heed Pat Moynihan's wise words. As a former 
             chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, I 
             can tell you that this administration is being excessively 
             cautious in keeping information from the American people. 
             Certainly, when we are at war and facing increased threats 
             from international terrorist networks, we need to keep 
             secret that information that could pose a threat to our 
             security if it were to fall into the wrong hands. But that 
             hardly seems to be the case with most of the information 
             that is covered by this overly broad Executive order.

               Mr. CONRAD. Mr. President, it was with great sorrow that 
             I learned last week of the death of our former colleague, 
             Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York.
               Senator Moynihan was an intellectual giant in the Senate 
             and throughout his service to our Nation. The breadth of 
             his interests--and his knowledge--was extraordinary. From 
             questions about the architecture and urban development of 
             Washington, DC, to the problems created by single parent 
             families to the workings of the International Labor 
             Organization, Senator Moynihan had thought deeply and 
             designed policy answers. I don't think there was a Senator 
             who served with Pat Moynihan who didn't learn something 
             from Senator Moynihan's vast stock of personal experience, 
             understanding of history, and ability to draw parallels 
             between seemingly unrelated topics to enlighten our 
             understanding of both.
               I will always have fond memories of the several 
             occasions on which I joined Senator Moynihan in the 
             Senators' private dining room and was treated to a 
             lunchtime tutorial. I could ask a question on virtually 
             any topic and get a dissertation in response. Our 
             conversations ranged from art history to baseball, 
             American history, our Middle East policy, the history of 
             science and scientific advancement, and more. Seemingly 
             there was no topic on which Pat did not have unique 
             insight, and I always came away from those lunches feeling 
             like I had just emerged from an intellectually stimulating 
             graduate seminar.
               I had the particular pleasure of serving with Senator 
             Moynihan on the Finance Committee for 8 years. As chairman 
             and as ranking member of the Finance Committee, Senator 
             Moynihan was a true leader. Starting in 1993, when I took 
             Senator Bentsen's seat on the committee and Senator 
             Moynihan claimed his chairmanship, Chairman Moynihan 
             successfully guided the 1993 economic plan through the 
             committee and the Senate. That budget, which I was proud 
             to help shape and support, laid the foundation for the 
             record economic expansion of the 1990s.
               After Republicans took control of the Senate in the 1994 
             election, Senator Moynihan was a fierce critic of their 
             excessive tax cut proposals. We joined in opposing 
             shortsighted proposals to have Medicare ``wither on the 
             vine,'' turn Medicaid into a block grant, and destroy 
             welfare rather than reforming it. Senator Moynihan was, as 
             always, an especially passionate defender of teaching 
             hospitals, warning that the plan to slash spending for 
             Medicare's graduate medical education would threaten 
             medical research in this country--a fear that has proved 
             well-founded as teaching hospitals have struggled to 
             survive the much smaller changes enacted as part of the 
             compromise Balanced Budget Act that emerged in 1997.
               The Finance Committee--and the Senate --would not have 
             been the same without him. Who else will be able to gently 
             tutor witnesses on the relevance of the grain trade in 
             upstate New York in the early nineteenth century to a 
             current debate about health care policy? Who else will 
             call for the Boskin and Secrecy Commissions of the future? 
             And who else will educate his colleagues on the impact on 
             our society of the demographic time bomb of the baby boom 
             generation?
               The Senate has lost a legend. The country has lost a 
             brilliant and unconventional thinker who contributed 
             greatly to our society on fronts ranging across 
             transportation, welfare and poverty, racism and civil 
             rights, and architecture and urban planning.
               I will miss Pat Moynihan. I will miss his sly wit, his 
             apt and splendidly diverse quotations, his sharp 
             questioning and distrust of glib answers, and his fierce 
             humanity. On behalf of myself and my wife Lucy, I want to 
             express my deepest condolences to his wife Liz, their 
             children and the rest of his family and friends. My heart 
             goes out to them.

               Mr. LIEBERMAN. Mr. President, I rise today to honor 
             Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, an intellectual pioneer 
             who I felt honored to serve with in the U.S. Senate. He 
             rose from humble beginnings to Harvard, and to a life of 
             service in four different Presidential administrations, as 
             an Ambassador to India and the United Nations, and as New 
             York's Senator for four terms. Throughout his career in 
             service, he paved his own path--one of integrity, 
             independence and principled leadership on the critical 
             national questions of our age.
               Whenever he spoke I listened closely, because I knew I 
             would always learn something from him. He possessed 
             tremendous intellect and foresight, showed unflagging 
             courage in championing unsung causes, and commanded 
             extraordinary respect on both sides of the aisle. He was a 
             true renaissance man who put action behind his diverse 
             interests: from protecting the sanctity of the American 
             family, to preserving historic art and architecture, to 
             restoring Pennsylvania Avenue as America's ``main 
             street,'' to saving Social Security for future 
             generations.
               I offer my condolences to his wife Elizabeth, who was 
             truly his life partner. There will no doubt be a memorial 
             built in his honor someday soon on the streets of New 
             York; but Senator Moynihan's legacy is already living--in 
             safer streets in our cities, a cleaner environment, and a 
             stronger national community. To borrow a memorable 
             Moynihan phrase, his life defined public service and 
             public policy for all who aspire to contribute to our 
             country.

                                                 Tuesday, April 1, 2003

               Mr. HAGEL. Mr. President, the passing of Senator Daniel 
             Patrick Moynihan is a loss for all of us. Pat Moynihan 
             committed his remarkable life to his country: serving four 
             Presidents, representing our Nation as Ambassador to India 
             and the United Nations, and representing the State of New 
             York as a Senator. His deep intellect and unyielding 
             candor will be missed.
               As a junior colleague, I was struck by Senator 
             Moynihan's generosity with his time and graciousness of 
             spirit. I had the privilege of sitting next to Senator 
             Moynihan on the trip to Rhode Island for the funeral of 
             our colleague the late Senator John Chafee. As we 
             traveled, I was out of my depth listening to him discuss 
             different styles of architecture in between offering 
             endearing stories about our departed colleague.
               Of all his gifts, Pat Moynihan's ability to recognize 
             great issues before they were commonly observed was his 
             greatest. In public policy, he had an ability to 
             appreciate and make sense of the larger picture rarely 
             found in a politician. From the plight of broken families 
             and inner cities, to the collapse of the Soviet Union, to 
             the danger of ethnic conflict in the Balkans, to Social 
             Security reform, Moynihan was prophetic. In one of his 
             last public speeches, at last year's Harvard commencement, 
             Moynihan again offered words that carry far more weight 
             today than when he delivered them less than a year ago:

               Certainly we must not let ourselves be seen as rushing 
             about the world looking for arguments. There are now 
             American Armed Forces in some 40 countries overseas. Some 
             would say too many. Nor should we let ourselves be seen as 
             ignoring allies, disillusioning friends, thinking only of 
             ourselves in the most narrow terms. That is not how we 
             survived the 20th century.
               Nor will it serve in the 21st.

               Senator Moynihan's wit and wisdom will be greatly 
             missed. My thoughts and prayers go to Liz Moynihan and the 
             Moynihan family.

                                               Wednesday, April 2, 2003

               Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, today I pay tribute to one 
             of our Nation's greatest public servants: Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan. As a professor, as an adviser to four 
             Presidents, and through 24 years in the Senate, he lent us 
             the wisdom of his experience, the insights of his keen 
             mind, and above all, the honor of his friendship.
               Senator Moynihan's example reminds all of us of what a 
             Senator was intended to be. He was a leader who not only 
             addressed the needs of his State, but who wrestled with 
             the challenges facing the Nation. Senator Moynihan was a 
             great servant to the people of New York. But the legacy of 
             accomplishments he leaves reaches beyond New York's 
             borders to touch the lives of every American.
               With a brilliant intellect and an unwavering dedication, 
             Senator Moynihan helped us to think through some of the 
             toughest issues before this body, from welfare reform to 
             tax policy. He worked to return secrecy to its limited but 
             necessary role in government, an effort which I applaud, 
             and an effort which we should continue to maintain even in 
             times of national crisis. Especially right now with our 
             Nation at war, I know we all miss Senator Moynihan's keen 
             grasp of international relations, his ability to put world 
             events into a historical context, and his talent to tell 
             us where they will lead us.
               Senator Moynihan's lifetime of public service, his 
             wisdom and experience, were a wonderful gift to this body. 
             I know my colleagues join me in my admiration for Senator 
             Moynihan as a public servant, my respect for him as a 
             colleague, and my appreciation for him as a friend. It was 
             a distinct honor for me to serve with Senator Moynihan 
             since I came to this body in 1993. My deepest sympathies 
             go out to Liz Moynihan and the rest of Senator Moynihan's 
             family and friends.

                                                Thursday, April 3, 2003

               Mr. WARNER. I join all who had the privilege to serve 
             with our late colleague, Senator Patrick Moynihan. Of the 
             24 years I have been here, 22 were spent with him. While 
             my heart has sadness, it is filled with joy for the 
             recollections of a wonderful friendship and working 
             relationship we had in the Senate.
               We shared a deep and profound love for the U.S. Navy. He 
             served from 1944 to 1947 and was a commissioned officer. I 
             served from 1946 to 1947 as an enlisted man. Whenever we 
             would meet, he would shout out, ``Attention on deck,'' and 
             require me to salute him as an enlisted man properly 
             salutes an officer. Then he would turn around and salute 
             me, as I was once Secretary of the Navy, and he was 
             consequently, at that point in time, outranked.
               That was the type of individual he was. He filled this 
             Chamber with spirit, with joy, with erudition, and he 
             spoke with eloquence. We shall miss our dear friend.
               I recall specifically serving with him on the Committee 
             on Environment and Public Works, of which he was chairman 
             for a while. He had a great vision for the Nation's 
             Capital. Some of the edifices we enjoy today would not 
             have been had it not been for this great statesman. The 
             landmarks would not be there had it not been for him. I am 
             talking about the completion of the Federal Triangle. The 
             capstone, of course, is the magnificent building today 
             bearing the name of our President Ronald Reagan.
               He was a driving force behind the completion of that 
             series of government buildings started in the 1930s, under 
             the vision of Herbert Hoover and Andrew Mellon. They were 
             great friends. They wanted to complete that magnificent 
             series of buildings, but the Depression came along and the 
             construction stopped. Pat Moynihan stepped up and 
             finished.
               Many do not know that in Union Station, which today is a 
             mecca for transportation, a transportation hub--we have 
             rail, bus, and subway. Pat Moynihan was the one who saved 
             that magnificent structure for all to enjoy for years to 
             come.
               I suppose the capstone was the Judiciary Building. I 
             remember full well how he came before the committee and 
             expressed the importance for the third branch of 
             government to have its administrative offices and other 
             parts of that branch of the government encased in a 
             building befitting the dignity that should be accorded our 
             third branch of government. That building marks his 
             genius.
               In improving transportation, he was key in TEA-21, the 
             landmark legislation that provided so much return to the 
             States for their transportation needs, again, as chairman 
             of Environment and Public Works.
               He had a strong commitment to addressing poverty in 
             rural America and was a strong supporter of the 
             Appalachian Regional Commission which touched the States 
             of West Virginia, Virginia, and others.
               We are grateful to him. He understood the people as few 
             did. I say goodbye to this dear friend. I salute him. I 
             will always have joy in my heart for having served with 
             this man who, in my humble judgment, had the wit, the 
             wisdom, and the vision of a Winston Churchill.

               Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, when Pat Moynihan retired 
             from the Senate in 2000, following four terms of devoted 
             and distinguished service to the citizens of New York and 
             indeed of the Nation, he left a great void; now, with his 
             death, he leaves a greater void still. To paraphrase 
             Thomas Jefferson, speaking of Benjamin Franklin when in 
             1784 he took Franklin's place as the Ambassador of the new 
             American Republican in Paris, ``others may succeed him in 
             the many different roles he played in our national life, 
             but no one will ever replace him.''
               No simple category was ever capacious enough to 
             accommodate Daniel Patrick Moynihan. With justification he 
             has been called an intellectual, a scholar, an academic, 
             an author, an editor, a politician, a diplomat, and a 
             statesman. He has been known variously as a scholarly 
             politician and a political-minded scholar; certainly as 
             Nicholas Lemann has observed, ``he was more of a 
             politician, by far, than most intellectuals.'' He was a 
             fierce partisan of cities and the urban landscape, but he 
             was equally devoted to the urban and rural spaces of his 
             State of New York. Born in Tulsa, he was a quintessential 
             New Yorker. He was also a proud citizen of this Capital 
             City, where he and Liz, his wife and partner in every 
             endeavor for nearly 50 years, chose to live at the very 
             center. He was at home in academic communities wherever he 
             found them. He was equally expert in domestic and foreign 
             policy.
               Pat Moynihan grew up poor, and never, ever forgot the 
             grinding, corrosive effects of poverty; many years removed 
             from poverty himself, he characterized tough bankruptcy 
             reform legislation as ``a boot across the throat'' of the 
             poor. As a child he earned money by shining shoes; later 
             he worked as a longshoreman. He served in the U.S. Navy. 
             He went to college courtesy of the GI bill, earning his 
             B.A. from Tufts University and his M.A. from Tufts' 
             Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Some years later he 
             earned his Ph.D. in international relations at Syracuse 
             University, but only after spending a year as a Fulbright 
             scholar at the London School of Economics and working for 
             a time in the office of the Governor of New York.
               From the time he left Syracuse for Washington in 1961 
             until he ran successfully for the Senate in New York in 
             1976, Pat Moynihan held a challenging succession of 
             positions in public service and in the academic world. 
             Although over the years Pat represented New York in the 
             Senate, his colleagues became accustomed to that 
             versatility, in retrospect it appears astonishing. He 
             joined the Labor Department in 1961, eventually becoming 
             the Assistant Secretary for Policy Planning, but left in 
             1965 to become director of the Joint Center for Urban 
             Studies and a professor in the Graduate School of 
             Education at Harvard. Four years later he returned to 
             public life as an Assistant to the President for Urban 
             Affairs, only to return the following year to Harvard, 
             only to be called upon to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to 
             India and then to the United Nations. In those 15 years he 
             served in four different administrations and held six 
             different positions. In every one of them he served with 
             distinction and his accomplishments--many of them 
             considered controversial at the time--are remembered 
             respectfully today. They will not soon be forgotten.
               New York's voters first sent Pat Moynihan to represent 
             them in the Senate in 1976, and returned him every 6 years 
             for three additional terms; he declined to run again in 
             2000, after 24 years of service. It was as though, in 
             coming to the Senate, he had come home. He set his sights 
             quickly on the Finance Committee, with its vital 
             jurisdiction over Social Security, Medicare, and other 
             social programs. In his third term he rose to the 
             chairmanship, the first New Yorker to chair that committee 
             in nearly 150 years. In that capacity he worked to enact 
             legislation that proved to be the foundation for a period 
             of economic growth that raised millions of Americans above 
             the poverty level.
               As a member of the Committee on the Environment and 
             Public Works he worked hard, often with spectacular 
             success, to promote awareness and assure the preservation 
             of many of the buildings, once seemingly destined for 
             demolition, that today we consider our priceless national 
             heritage. For this the National Trust for Historic 
             Preservation in 1999 honored him with the Louise DuPont 
             Crowinshield Award, its highest honor, noting, ``The award 
             is made only when there is indisputable evidence of 
             superlative lifetime achievement and commitment in the 
             preservation and interpretation of the country's historic 
             architectural heritage.'' Everyone who walks along 
             Pennsylvania Avenue in this city or through New York's 
             Pennsylvania Station is forever indebted to Pat Moynihan. 
             He procured the necessary funding to save Louis Sullivan's 
             Guaranty Building, in Buffalo, and promptly moved his 
             district office into it. In his brief chairmanship of the 
             committee he shepherded through to enactment ground-
             breaking legislation, the Intermodal Surface 
             Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, ISTEA, which recast 
             our thinking about surface transportation.
               Pat Moynihan's formal academic training was in foreign 
             policy. Here he will be remembered for his effective 
             Ambassadorship to India, his forceful and principled 
             representation of U.S. interests in the U.N. Security 
             Council and his early conviction, little shared at the 
             time he expressed it, that behind the facade of Soviet 
             military might and empire lay a system in danger of 
             collapse. He proved to be correct. He should also be 
             remembered for his role as one of the ``Four Horsemen'' in 
             the Congress, whose work often went unremarked. These four 
             Members, whose families had come to this country from 
             Ireland, worked tirelessly together in support of efforts 
             to bring peace to Northern Ireland, and especially to 
             steer U.S. policy in that direction. That Northern Ireland 
             is no longer torn apart by violence is in some significant 
             measure due to their efforts.
               Once we have catalogued all Pat Moynihan's many 
             accomplishments, however, there remains the man himself. 
             In everything he did he remained a teacher, with an 
             amazing capacity to instruct and to inspire. He believed, 
             with Thomas Jefferson, that ``Design activity and 
             political thought are indivisible''--an elliptical idea to 
             many of us, until we find ourselves in the presence of the 
             architectural monuments he helped to preserve. He brought 
             to every undertaking an extraordinary historical 
             perspective, and an astute appreciation of what he called, 
             in his commencement address at Harvard just a year ago, 
             ``our basic constitutional design.'' In his turn of phrase 
             and in his thought, he was unabashedly himself--deeply 
             self-respecting, just as he was respectful of other people 
             and other cultures. For all these reasons he remains a 
             vivid part of our national life.
               It is difficult to know just how to honor our former 
             colleague, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, for his 
             lifetime of service and his legacy. In the end, our best 
             tribute will lie not in the words of remembrance we speak 
             but rather his tangible achievements and his legacy. The 
             best tribute we can pay is not the words we speak but 
             rather in our rededication to the principles for which he 
             fought.

               Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, the Senate was enriched 
             enormously by the services of the late Senator from New 
             York, Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
               He was appreciated and respected for his intelligence, 
             his sense of humor, his seriousness of purpose, and the 
             warmth and steadfastness of his friendship.
               His death last week saddened this Senator very much. His 
             funeral services at St. Patrick's Church here in 
             Washington last Monday attracted a large crowd of friends, 
             former colleagues, and staff members as well as his 
             attractive family. This manifestation of friendship 
             reminded me why Pat Moynihan was such a successful public 
             official. He liked people, and they liked him.
               He took his job as U.S. Senator from New York very 
             seriously. He worked hard for funding for the New York 
             Botanical Gardens. He was also an active and effective 
             member of the board of regents of the Smithsonian 
             Institution where it was my good fortune and pleasure to 
             serve with him.
               He transformed the city of Washington, DC, through his 
             determined efforts to enhance the beauty and protect the 
             architectural integrity of Pennsylvania Avenue.
               His scholarly articles and books on the subject of the 
             cultural and social history of our Nation were informative 
             and influential. The correctness of his assessment of the 
             importance of the family unit in our society changed our 
             attitudes about the role of Federal Government policies.
               His influence was also felt on tax policies as a member 
             of the Senate Finance Committee.
               I convey to all the members of Pat Moynihan's family my 
             sincerest condolences.

                                               Thursday, April 10, 2003

               Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I want to pay tribute to 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a man for whom I had the utmost 
             respect.
               One of the first times I was presiding in the Senate, 
             Senator Moynihan was speaking from the floor. What he had 
             to say and the way he said it made a lasting impression on 
             me. The next day I asked for a copy of the statement and 
             have kept it in my desk ever since. Senator Moynihan 
             began:

               Mr. President, it is agreed that I will begin these 
             brief remarks in order that our chairman might conclude 
             the debate and proceed to the vote which I think has every 
             prospect of being prodigious in its majority.

               He continued to explain one of the most complicated and 
             difficult issues that we will deal with here in the Senate 
             in a clear and concise manner.

               In very short order, I would simply like to recapitulate 
             the four simple steps which will put Social Security on an 
             actuarially sound basis for the next 75 years. They are: 
             1. Provide for an accurate cost-of-living adjustment. In 
             1996, the Boskin Commission originally estimated that the 
             CPI overstates changes in the cost-of-living by 1.1 
             percentage points; now they say it is 0.8 of a percentage 
             point; 2. Normal taxation of benefits; 3. Extend coverage 
             to all newly hired State and local workers; 4. Increase 
             the length of the computation period from 35 to 38 years.

               I don't know if this is the answer, but I will always 
             refer to it when the topic of Social Security comes up. He 
             laid out a plan with professorial clarity and a complete 
             grasp of the issue. Whether you agreed or disagreed with 
             Senator Moynihan, you had to appreciate his style.
               Although I did not have a close working relationship 
             with Senator Moynihan, I am truly impressed with the depth 
             and breadth of his career achievements. From his 
             pioneering work on Social Security reform, his almost 
             encyclopedic knowledge of fiscal policy, to his 
             championing of environmental and transportation issues, 
             Senator Moynihan was the kind of Senator worth emulating. 
             I also admired his ability to always look at the long view 
             of the steps taken today and their impact on future 
             generations. Senator Moynihan had an unwavering commitment 
             to care for all people in need and was willing to cross 
             party lines to accomplish his goals. His work as adviser 
             to Presidents of both parties is testament to the high 
             regard that official Washington had for his intellect and 
             integrity.
               As a dear friend of my father's for over 25 years, my 
             strongest sense of the Senator comes from hearing my dad 
             speak of Senator Moynihan with reverence and true 
             admiration. Upon my father's passing, Senator Moynihan 
             included an excerpt from a wonderful poem by W.B. Yeats, 
             ``The Municipal Gallery Revisited,'' in his tribute. Those 
             kind words were a great comfort to our family.
               In the words of another poem by the poet W.B. Yeats:

               The man is gone guided ye, unweary, through the long 
             bitter way,
               Ye by the waves that close in our sad nation,
               Be full of sudden fears,
               The man is gone who from this lonely station--
               Has moulded the hard year . . .
               Mourn--and then onward, there is no returning
               He guides ye from the tomb;
               His memory is a tall pillar, burning
               Before the gloom

               Our Nation will mourn, but Senator Moynihan would insist 
             that we move on. On behalf of my mother and the Chafee 
             family, we send our sincere condolences to Liz and all her 
             family.
                                                 Friday, April 11, 2003
               Mr. AKAKA. Madam President, I rise to join my colleagues 
             in honoring the memory of our dear friend and colleague, 
             Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Millie and I extend our 
             deepest condolences and prayers to his wife Elizabeth and 
             the Moynihan family.
               History will remember Daniel Patrick Moynihan as one of 
             the most prescient American voices on public policy and 
             international relations issues for the second half of the 
             20th century. As a professor, author, adviser to four 
             Presidents, Ambassador to India, and Ambassador to the 
             United Nations, he had a rich and distinguished career, 
             and a tremendous impact on our Nation's public policy and 
             foreign relations, prior to his election to the Senate.
               In the Senate, Pat Moynihan's illustrious service to his 
             country and to his constituents in New York for four terms 
             in the world's greatest deliberative body gave greater 
             truth to that appellation. Many of my colleagues have 
             spoken of Senator Moynihan's intellect, the encyclopedic 
             width and breadth of his knowledge on an incredible range 
             of public policy issues--history, architecture, culture, 
             and philosophy, to name a few. He used the power of his 
             intellect, along with great wit and dogged persistence, to 
             fashion a record of accomplishments in the Senate that 
             stands as a testament to his commitment to the 
             preservation of the family and the welfare of children and 
             the poor, his staunch and principled opposition to 
             communism and totalitarianism, his dedication to civil 
             rights, the Constitution, and the rules and traditions of 
             the Senate, and his passion for historic preservation and 
             architectural distinction.
               As chairman and ranking member of several Senate 
             committees, and frequently as a clarion on the Senate 
             floor, Pat Moynihan helped shape transportation policy, 
             international trade, intelligence matters, foreign policy, 
             and economic and fiscal affairs that strengthened our 
             Nation and our communities. For his myriad achievements, I 
             don't think Senator Moynihan has received the credit he 
             deserves for his role in shaping and shepherding through 
             the Senate President Clinton's deficit reduction and 
             economic plan in 1993. I remember that in the midst of all 
             the responsibilities and pressures he faced as chairman of 
             the Finance Committee, he responded to my request to 
             discuss a few tax issues of particular importance to 
             Hawaii by inviting me to his office for a cordial and 
             illuminating discussion on an array of subjects. Pat 
             Moynihan was always generous with his time and his wisdom. 
             He served his country and the people of New York with 
             elan, style, and grace. He will always be remembered as 
             the gentleman from New York.
               We mourn for his passing from this life, but we and 
             future generations will continue to find inspiration, 
             guidance, and courage in the splendid legacy of public 
             service bequeathed the Nation by this brilliant statesman 
             and patriot.

               Ms. SNOWE. Madam President, I rise today to pay tribute 
             to Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan--whose words, thoughts, 
             and deeds will forever reverberate throughout this Chamber 
             and, indeed, throughout our country. I also extend my most 
             heartfelt sympathies to his wife Liz and Senator 
             Moynihan's entire family. We share in their profound sense 
             of loss.
               I was privileged to serve with Senator Moynihan from 
             1995, when I first arrived in the Senate, to his 
             retirement in 2001. He was one of those truly legendary 
             figures on the political landscape, but it was a 
             reputation built not on procedural savvy or the brokering 
             of power, but rather on the crafting and expression of 
             ideas. It was the process of transforming intellectual 
             thought into action--and not simply the process of 
             politics--that will always remain the hallmark of Senator 
             Moynihan's entire, exceptional life.
               His was a life not wanting for opportunities to 
             contribute. The curriculum vitae of Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan reads more as a biography of a man driven to 
             synthesize the world of academics with the realm of 
             politics in order to make a difference--and he did, too, 
             wherever he served, whether at the Labor Department or at 
             Harvard or as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations or in 
             the Senate. Perhaps most impressive, no man or woman is 
             requested to serve four different Presidents--of both 
             parties--unless they exhibit only the most extraordinary 
             qualities that engender the kind of trust a President must 
             have in an adviser and confidant.
               It could certainly never be said that Senator Moynihan 
             equivocated on an opinion for fear of controversy. If he 
             spoke--or wrote, which he did often and well--you always 
             knew it was a viewpoint born of a careful study of history 
             and a keen eye on contemporary society. He believed that 
             society could be influenced to change itself for the 
             better through its leaders--indeed, that those in a 
             position to leave such a mark are obliged to do so.
               Daniel Patrick Moynihan was a Democrat, but he was less 
             about party and more about policies that would build a 
             better country for all Americans--regardless of whatever 
             political stamp such initiatives might bear. As Jonathan 
             Alter observed in his column in tribute to Senator 
             Moynihan, he ``consistently frustrated the foolishly 
             consistent.''
               In my own experience, I was privileged to work with him 
             across the party aisle on a number of issues important to 
             our region of the country, and also to men and women 
             across the Nation. We worked together to try to strengthen 
             and improve welfare reform in 1996, to enhance treatment 
             under the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early 
             Detection Program for uninsured women, to bolster our 
             Nation's transportation system, and to encourage private 
             sector investment in bringing more advanced Internet 
             access to the people of rural America.
               We also joined forces on numerous occasions to ensure 
             that the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program was 
             funded at levels sufficient to help those families in the 
             cold and in need. And, together, we fought to ensure the 
             Northeast States that were devastated by the historic ice 
             storm of 1998 received the Federal assistance they 
             required, and deserved.
               Throughout his tenure, regardless of whether one agreed 
             or disagreed on an individual issue, it could always be 
             said that Senator Moynihan was a thoughtful, gentlemanly 
             force for good. He had an influence on countless social 
             policy initiatives over his tenure, offered his views for 
             strengthening and protecting Social Security, and fought 
             tirelessly on behalf of causes as diverse as public 
             transportation and teaching hospitals.
               Above all, he was never superficial, and he had the 
             ability to see--and foresee--what others could not. 
             Indeed, how fitting that a man of ideas would serve a 
             nation founded on ideas. Senator Moynihan stood at the 
             intersection of intellect, insight, and integrity, and in 
             so doing left a lasting and positive impact on the people 
             of the State of New York and the United States of America.
               George Bernard Shaw said that ``Life is no brief candle 
             to me--it is like a splendid torch which I have hold of 
             for the moment and I want it to burn as brightly as 
             possible before handing it over to the next generation.'' 
             That is the credo by which Daniel Patrick Moynihan lived 
             his life, and we are the beneficiaries of his 
             extraordinary spirit.

                     Proceedings in the House of Representatives
                                              Wednesday, March 26, 2003
                     Tribute to the Late Daniel Patrick Moynihan

               Mrs. MALONEY. I rise today to pay tribute to Senator 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and, on behalf of my colleagues 
             and constituents, to join with them in mourning his 
             passing today.
               Senator Moynihan was one of our truly inspiring 
             legislators. He was a scholar, a legislator, an 
             ambassador, a Cabinet officer, a Presidential adviser in 
             four administrations, the only person in history to serve 
             four consecutive administrations. He was a teacher, a 
             writer, and one of the best Senators ever to grace the 
             halls of this institution.
               He was unmatched in his ability to craft innovative 
             solutions to society's most pressing problems, from 
             welfare to Social Security, to transportation, to taxes. 
             His legislative stamp is everywhere.
               Known as, and I quote from the Almanac of American 
             Politics, ``the Nation's best thinker among politicians 
             since Lincoln, and its best politician among thinkers 
             since Jefferson,'' Senator Moynihan moved people through 
             the power of his ideas. He was a unique figure in public 
             life, a man of pure intellect, who was unafraid of 
             speaking inconvenient truths.
               Senator Moynihan's life exemplified the American dream. 
             He grew up in a slum known as Hell's Kitchen. Abandoned by 
             his father, his mother became the sole supporter of the 
             family during the Depression. Small wonder that Senator 
             Moynihan grew up to be a strong voice on welfare issues. 
             He recognized the danger of fostering a culture of 
             dependency, while understanding the importance of 
             maintaining a strong safety net.
               He proved to be one of the most accurate prophets of our 
             era. Time and time again he correctly predicted future 
             consequences, even though many refused to believe him when 
             his prediction ran counter to conventional wisdom. In the 
             1980s, he predicted the coming collapse of the Soviet 
             Union. In the 1990s, he expressed concern about the 
             tendency of our society to define deviancy down.
               For New Yorkers, Senator Moynihan has and always will be 
             one of our own homegrown heroes, our proud gift to the 
             Nation. Despite his reputation for attention to the more 
             scholarly pursuits--he authored 18 books--Senator Moynihan 
             never forgot those of us who elected him.
               He was a hero to landmark preservationists for his 
             effort to preserve the Custom House and the Farley Post 
             Office, the new train station on the Farley site, which he 
             helped plan and which he helped to fund, but it does not 
             yet have a name. I believe that it should be named for 
             Daniel Patrick Moynihan.
               When the Coast Guard left Governors Island, he persuaded 
             President Clinton to agree to give the island to New York 
             for $1, and it was this Congress that was able to make 
             that pledge a reality. As Ambassador to the United 
             Nations, he denounced the resolution equating Zionism with 
             racism. Seventeen years later, the United Nations reversed 
             itself, revoking this shameful resolution.
               Senator Moynihan was a prime mover behind ISTEA, which 
             changed the way highway and transportation funds are 
             distributed. He was widely credited with shifting 
             transportation priorities and making it possible for us to 
             invest in alternatives, like high-speed rail.
               As a member of the Senate Finance Committee, he was a 
             guardian of Social Security; and he focused his attention 
             on the importance of opening up government filings and 
             reducing secrecy in government. I was proud to have worked 
             with him on the passage of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure 
             Bill. After 50 years, Americans finally are beginning to 
             get a glimpse of the things that our government knew.
               Senator Moynihan was also a tireless worker on getting 
             an accurate census for our country.
               Senator Moynihan's passing will make this country a 
             poorer place. I join my constituents and my colleagues in 
             paying tribute to the great Senator from the great State 
             of New York.
               Senator Moynihan was truly an American treasure. He was 
             a great friend and mentor to me, and we will miss him 
             greatly. My colleagues and I send to Elizabeth and their 
             family our deep concern and condolences.
               Mr. Speaker, I include for the Record a biography of 
             this remarkable man.

               Daniel Patrick Moynihan was the senior U.S. Senator from 
             New York. First elected in 1976, Senator Moynihan was re-
             elected in 1982, 1988, and 1994.
               Senator Moynihan was the ranking minority member of the 
             Senate Committee on Finance. He served on the Senate 
             Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Senate 
             Committee on Rules and Administration. He also was a 
             member of the Joint Committee on Taxation and the Joint 
             Committee on the Library.
               A member of the Cabinet or sub-Cabinet of Presidents 
             Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon and Ford, Senator Moynihan was the 
             only person in American history to serve in four 
             successive administrations. He was U.S. Ambassador to 
             India from 1973 to 1975 and U.S. Representative to the 
             United Nations from 1975 to 1976. In February 1976 he 
             represented the United States as president of the U.N. 
             Security Council.
               Senator Moynihan was born on March 16, 1927. He attended 
             public and parochial schools in New York City and 
             graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School in East 
             Harlem. He went on to attend the City College of New York 
             for 1 year before enlisting in the U.S. Navy. He served on 
             active duty from 1944 to 1947. In 1966, he completed 20 
             years in the Naval Reserve and was retired. Senator 
             Moynihan earned his bachelor's degree (cum laude) from 
             Tufts University, studied at the London School of 
             Economics as a Fulbright scholar, and received his M.A. 
             and Ph.D. from Tufts University's Fletcher School of Law 
             and Diplomacy.
               Senator Moynihan was a member of Averell Harriman's 
             gubernatorial campaign staff in 1954 and then served on 
             Governor Harriman's staff in Albany until 1958. He was an 
             alternate Kennedy delegate at the 1960 Democratic 
             Convention. Beginning in 1961, he served in the U.S. 
             Department of Labor as an Assistant to the Secretary, and 
             later as Assistant Secretary of Labor for Policy Planning 
             and Research.
               In 1966, Senator Moynihan became director of the Joint 
             Center for Urban Studies at Harvard University and the 
             Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been a 
             professor of government at Harvard University, assistant 
             professor of government at Syracuse University, a fellow 
             at the Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan University, 
             and has taught in the extension programs of Russell Sage 
             College and the Cornell University School of Industrial 
             and Labor Relations. Senator Moynihan is the recipient of 
             over 60 honorary degrees.
               Senator Moynihan was the author or editor of 18 books. 
             His most recent work is Secrecy, published in the fall of 
             1998, an expansion of the report by the Commission on 
             Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy. Senator 
             Moynihan, as chairman of the commission, led the first 
             comprehensive review in 40 years of the Federal 
             Government's system of classifying and declassifying 
             information and granting clearances.
               Since 1977 Senator Moynihan has published an analysis of 
             the flow of funds between the Federal Government and New 
             York State. In 1992 the analysis became a joint 
             publication with the Taubman Center for State and Local 
             Government at Harvard University, and includes all 50 
             States.
               Senator Moynihan was a fellow of the American 
             Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He was 
             chairman of the AAAS' section on Social, Economic and 
             Political Science (1971-1972) and a member of the board of 
             directors (1972-1973). He also served as a member of the 
             President's Science Advisory Committee (1971-1973). 
             Senator Moynihan was vice chairman (1971-1976) of the 
             Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He 
             served on the National Commission on Social Security 
             Reform (1982-1983) whose recommendations formed the basis 
             of legislation to assure the system's fiscal stability.
               He was the founding chairman of the board of trustees of 
             the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (1971-1985) and 
             served as regent of the Smithsonian Institution, having 
             been appointed in 1987 and again in 1995. In 1985, the 
             Smithsonian awarded him its Joseph Henry Medal.
               In 1965, Senator Moynihan received the Arthur S. 
             Flemming Award, which recognizes outstanding young Federal 
             employees, for his work as ``an architect of the Nation's 
             program to eradicate poverty.'' He has also received the 
             International League of Human Rights Award (1975) and the 
             John LaFarge Award for Interracial Justice (1980). In 
             1983, he was the first recipient of the American Political 
             Science Association's Hubert H. Humphrey Award for 
             ``notable public service by a political scientist.'' In 
             1984, Senator Moynihan received the State University of 
             New York at Albany's Medallion of the University in 
             recognition of his ``extraordinary public service and 
             leadership in the field of education.'' In 1986, he 
             received the Seal Medallion of the Central Intelligence 
             Agency and the Britannica Medal for the Dissemination of 
             Learning.
               He has also received the Laetare Medal of the University 
             of Notre Dame (1992), the Thomas Jefferson Award for 
             Public Architecture from the American Institute of 
             Architects (1992), and the Thomas Jefferson Medal for 
             Distinguished Achievement in the Arts or Humanities from 
             the American Philosophical Society (1993). In 1994, he 
             received the Gold Medal Award ``honoring services to 
             humanity'' from the National Institute of Social Sciences. 
             In 1997, the College of Physicians and Surgeons at 
             Columbia University awarded Senator Moynihan the 
             Cartwright Prize. He was the 1998 recipient of the Heinz 
             Award in Public Policy ``for having been a distinct and 
             unique voice in the century--independent in his 
             convictions, a scholar, teacher, statesman and politician, 
             skilled in the art of the possible.''
               Elizabeth Brennan Moynihan, his wife of 44 years, is an 
             architectural historian with a special interest in 16th 
             century Mughal architecture in India. She is the author of 
             Paradise as a Garden: In Persia and Mughal India (1979) 
             and numerous articles. Mrs. Moynihan is a former chairman 
             of the board of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 
             She serves as a member of the Indo-U.S. Subcommission on 
             Education and Culture, and the visiting committee of the 
             Freer Gallery of Art at the Smithsonian Institution. She 
             is vice chair of the board of the National Building 
             Museum, and on the Trustees Council of the Preservation 
             League of New York State.

               Mr. HINOJOSA. Mr. Speaker, I want to join the 
             gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. Maloney) in agreeing that 
             the tribute that she paid Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan 
             was one that is well deserved and one that is going to be 
             remembered throughout the country by many thousands of 
             people who learned to love Senator Moynihan.
                                               Thursday, March 27, 2003
               The House met at 10 a.m.
               Sister Benedict Kesock, O.S.B., principal, St. Charles 
             School, Arlington, VA, offered the following prayer:

               Lord God, what a great idea to make us all different.
               May we come to know one another and the ministry to 
             which we have been called, especially those who meet 
             within these great walls. You have asked us to be leaders, 
             caretakers, role models. Be with us as our counselor and 
             our support as we continue the journey of ministering to 
             others and to one another in a world of turbulence. All 
             that lies ahead of us is yet unseen.
               We pray for our President and his advisers, for all 
             those who make decisions which affect our lives on a daily 
             basis. We pray, especially, for our military families, 
             those who are separated at this time, for those who have 
             lost their lives, and for their families; for the people 
             of Iraq, for their suffering homeland.
               We are a family of nations. Experience and history has 
             taught that community formed out of diversity is dynamic 
             and beautiful. Lord, keep us motivated and challenged that 
             we may gain an ability to listen to one another and to 
             grow. There can be unity and strength in our diversity. 
             May our differences be stepping stones to a lasting peace 
             and to a new tomorrow.
               We ask You, Lord, to renew our humanity in Your image 
             and likeness and to introduce us into a world where all 
             hostile forces are overcome. We pray for those who need to 
             have a change of heart, for a world where we communicate 
             in love, joy and peace, for and with the people of our 
             universe.
               Father, fill our hearts, our homes, our Nation, our 
             world with peace, and let it begin with each one of us.
               We especially remember this morning our dear friend and 
             colleague Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan and his family.
               Feel the Spirit. Live the Spirit. Spread the Spirit. 
             Lord, we are the Spirit. May it be said that the world is 
             a better place because we are here. Amen.

                               MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE

               A message from the Senate by Mr. Monahan, one of its 
             clerks, announced that the Senate agreed to the following 
             resolution:

                                     S. Res. 99

               Resolved, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow 
             and deep regret the announcement of the death of the 
             Honorable Daniel Patrick Moynihan, former Member of the 
             U.S. Senate.
                   ON THE DEATH OF SENATOR DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN
               Mr. TOM DAVIS of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, today we mourn 
             the passing of a great American.
               For decades, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan was a 
             central figure in the Nation's political and intellectual 
             life. He was a committed, determined, and diligent leader 
             who represented the citizens of New York in the U.S. 
             Senate for four terms. We came to know him as a uniquely 
             independent thinker and great friend to both political 
             parties.
               Those of us from the Washington, DC, metropolitan area 
             will always note the critical role Senator Moynihan played 
             in revitalizing Pennsylvania Avenue, the grand route 
             between the Capitol and the White House that was in 
             disrepair when he first arrived here during the Kennedy 
             administration. He recognized the benefits in revitalizing 
             the avenue and invested his skills to make this vision 
             come alive. The Pennsylvania Avenue effort was one of the 
             most successful redevelopment projects in the Nation. 
             Throughout his Senate career he was an authoritative 
             collaborator in shaping this historic project.
               The revitalization of Pennsylvania Avenue attracted 
             projects to the city that might not have come otherwise. 
             Subsequently, this project was used as a model for other 
             redevelopment projects in the city, such as the MCI Center 
             and the Washington Convention Center. Not only has the 
             District benefited, but so has the entire country. 
             Thousands of visitors can come each year to visit the 
             Nation's Capital and be proud to stand on ``America's Main 
             Street'' as it was intended to be. Daniel Patrick 
             Moynihan's fingerprints will forever be on Pennsylvania 
             Avenue.
               Mr. Speaker, today I want to express my gratitude for 
             Senator Moynihan's pioneering work and salute him as a 
             scholar, leader, and gentleman. He will be sorely missed.

                                                  Monday, April 7, 2003

                              SALUTING SENATOR MOYNIHAN

               Mr. BLUMENAUER. Mr. Speaker, much has been written 
             recently about Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, scholar, 
             politician, diplomat, public servant. We have been 
             reminded again, in the wake of his passing, of his 
             intellectual and political contributions dealing with the 
             most sensitive and complex questions of our society. Ideas 
             that were controversial when he first advanced them are 
             now accepted as conventional wisdom.
               I rise today to salute this giant and his greatest gift, 
             which is to influence how America faces its challenges. He 
             was regarded appropriately as a tremendous architectural 
             influence. No one over the last third of a century has 
             done more to shape American communities. His influence can 
             be seen from the steps of the Capitol with the creation of 
             the Pennsylvania Avenue Redevelopment Corporation. He 
             worked to restore once magnificent James Farley Post 
             Office in New York back to life as a new Penn Station. He 
             was the intellectual force behind the revolutionary 1991 
             ISTEA legislation, allowing communities to use 
             transportation resources to shape their development rather 
             than transportation choices shaping our communities. His 
             legacy gave more power to citizens at all levels and made 
             the money go farther to do more and better things.
               As we begin the reauthorization this Congress of his 
             landmark ISTEA legislation, we deal with many 
             opportunities to revitalize America's communities through 
             wise infrastructure investment, a critical and 
             underappreciated part of the Moynihan legacy. But, Mr. 
             Speaker, I think there is an even more important part of 
             his legacy for those of us who serve in this Chamber. At a 
             time when our problems appear more complex and difficult 
             and when our divisions appear deeper than ever before, 
             Senator Moynihan gave us a blueprint for channeling the 
             riches and power of America to greatness at home and 
             abroad. At a time when the activities here somehow make 
             the most monumental occasions appear smaller than life, we 
             can look to this intellectual and political giant, himself 
             larger than life, who had a gift to magnify the things he 
             said and did. His advice for us would be to put aside the 
             narrow and the partisan, not to rationalize what we know 
             to be reckless or inappropriate in the name of the 
             legislative process, and have the courage to have the free 
             exercise of ideas and debate, not to stifle discussion 
             here on this floor.
               Some of the Senator's more profound contributions 
             initially appeared extraordinarily controversial. Only 
             after they were entered into debate did their meaning take 
             root and the controversial become the accepted. People 
             here can honor the legacy of Senator Moynihan by doing the 
             time-honored work of Congress, debating, listening, 
             legislating, and working together in committee and in the 
             House Chamber; and seize the tremendous opportunities to 
             deal with world peace, the protection and economic 
             security of our families and safeguarding the environment.
               In honoring the memory of Senator Moynihan in practice, 
             we will be honoring the trust that has been given to us by 
             our constituents. We too can be larger than life rather 
             than a side show while the real drama is worked out in 
             some back room. We can reflect our own hearts and visions 
             and the needs of our communities rather than being 
             orchestrated by focus groups and special interests. Part 
             of what characterized Senator Moynihan's genius was simply 
             that he presented ideas regardless of the short-term 
             public relations and political consequences. This meant 
             that some people in Washington, DC, were nervous working 
             with him. It made it harder for some of the powers that be 
             and the media pundits, but as the Senator proved time and 
             time again, it made it easier to push America to do the 
             right thing.
               As someone raised in an often bipartisan or even non-
             partisan Oregon political culture, this simple truth seems 
             so obvious but somehow elusive in today's Washington, DC. 
             By doing our job as legislators, as independent, 
             thoughtful representatives, we can make vital 
             contributions during the most critical times since we were 
             fighting Hitler and recovering from the Depression. I 
             suspect the Senator himself would deem that to be a most 
             fitting tribute to his legacy.

                              Mass of Christian Burial

                               Daniel Patrick Moynihan

             March 16, 1927-March 26, 2003



             Church of St. Patrick

             619 Tenth Street, Northwest

             Washington, District of Columbia


             Monday, the Thirty-first of March,

             Two thousand three

             Ten o'clock
                    ``How many loved your moments of glad grace''
                                                      W.B. Yeats





                                 Entrance Procession                                                         all stand
                                     Repeat after the cantor






                                                        The          King           of        love          my          shep-        herd           is,
                                                      Where       screams           of        liv-         ing            wa-         ter          flow
                                                           Con-     fused          and       fool-         ish            oft           I      strayed,
                                                         In       death's         dark        vale           I           fear          no           ill
                                                        You        spread            a         ta-         ble             in          my        sight;
                                                        And            so      through         all         the         length          of          days

                                                      Whose         good-         ness       fails          me           nev-         er;
                                                         My          ran-        somed        soul        he's          lead-        ing,
                                                        But           yet           in        love          he         sought         me,
                                                       With          you,         dear       Lord,         be-           side         me,
                                                       Your          sav-          ing       grace         be-           stow        ing;
                                                       Your         good-         ness       fails          me           nev-         er;

                                                          I         noth-          ing        lack          if              I          am          his,
                                                        And         where          the        ver-        dant           pas-       tures          grow
                                                        And            on          his      shoul-         der          gent-          ly         laid,
                                                       Your           rod          and       staff          my           com-        fort        still,
                                                        And            O!         what      trans-        port             of         de-         fight
                                                       Good         Shep-        herd,         may           I           sing        your        praise

                                                        And            he           is        mine         for            ev-         er.
                                                       With          food          ce-        les-        tial          feed-        ing.
                                                        And         home,          re-       joic-        ing,        brought         me.
                                                       Your         cross          be-        fore          to          guide         me.
                                                       From          your         pure       chal-         ice          flow-        ing!
                                                      With-            in         your       house         for            ev-         er.







                                 Kyrie--Sung by the choir
                                     Palestrina--Missa Brevis







                          Kyrie, eleison.                         Lord, have mercy.
                          Christe, eleison.                       Christ, have mercy.
                          Kyrie, eleison.                         Lord, have mercy.

                   Opening Prayer






                              Liturgy of the Word

                              First Reading--Wisdom 3:1-6, 9
                                  Read by Maura Moynihan and
                                Michael Patrick Avedon

                              Responsorial Psalm--Psalm 23







                              The Lord is my shep- herd; there is noth- ing I shall want.







                             Second Reading--Revelation 14:13
                                  Read by John McC. Moynihan







                              Glo-  ry  and  praise  to  you,  Lord  Je-  sus  Christ!







                              Holy Gospel--John 11:17-27

                              Homily
                                  Msgr. Peter J. Vaghi, pastor

                              Intercessions
                                  Please respond ``Lord, hear our prayer.''

                              Liturgy of the Eucharist







                                Preparation of the Gifts                                                                        sit
                                     Presented by Timothy P. Moynihan,
                                   Tracey Moynihan and Zora Moynihan

                                 Offertory Song--Sung by the choir







                              Remember Not, Lord, Our Offences--Henry Purcell
                              Remember not, Lord, our offences, nor the offences of our forefathers;
                              but spare us, good Lord, neither take thou vengeance of our sins,
                              spare thy people, whom thou hast redeemed with thy most precious blood,
                              and be not angry with us for ever. Spare us, good Lord.






                    Eucharistic prayer                                         stand

                    Sanctus--Sung by all







                                          Ho-         ly,           ho-         ly,           ho-          ly        Lord,
                                           God          of         power         and        might,
                                        heav'n         and         earth         are          full          of         your         glo-          ry.
                                           Ho-        san-            na          in           the       high-         est,
                                           ho-        san-            na          in           the       high-         est.
                                         Blest          is            he         who         comes
                                            in         the          name          of           the       Lord.
                                           Ho-        san-            na          in           the       high-         est,
                                           ho-        san-            na          in           the       high-         est.







                    Consecration                                               kneel

                    The Lord's Prayer                                          stand

                    Agnus Dei--Sung by the choir
                        Missa Brevis--Palestrina







                                     Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi . . . miserere       Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the World have
                                  nobis . . . dona nobis pacern.                               mercy on us . . . grant us peace.







                    Communion                                     kneel






                                     Justorum Animae--C.V. Stanford
                                     Justorum animae in manu Dei sunt, et non tanget illos    The souls of the just are in the hand of God, and the
                                  tormentum malitiae. Visi sunt oculis insipientium mori,      torment of malice shall not touch them: in the sight of
                                  illi autem sunt in pace.--Wisdom 3                           the unwise they seemed to die, but they are in peace.







                                 Rites of Farewell
                                 Final Commendation                                                                             stand







                                  I know that my Redeemer lives, and at last he will stand upon the earth; and after my skin has
                               been thus destroyed, even then from my flesh, I will see God, my Savior.

                              Procession from the Church
                                  Nunc Dimittis--A. Arkhangelski
                                  Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace, according to Thy word. For mine eyes have
                               seen Thy salvation, which Thou has prepared before the face of all people to be a light to lighten
                               the gentiles, and to be the glory of Thy people, Israel. Glory be to the Father, and the Son, and
                               to the Holy Ghost, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end, Amen.








                   Pall Bearers
                        Timothy P. Moynihan                       Peter W. Galbraith
                        John McC. Moynihan                        Lawrence O'Donnell, Jr.
                        Tony Bullock                              Robert A. Peck
                        Richard K. Eaton                          Timothy J. Russert


               The ushers are friends who all served on the staff of 
                   Daniel P. Moynihan in the United States Senate.
                           Music selected and directed by
                                  Benjamin Smedberg
                            Director of Music & Organist
                                 St. Patrick Church
