    [Senate Document 107-13]
    [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]

    107th Congress, 2d Session                               Document No. 13

                           Committee on Appropriations

                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                                135th Anniversary

                           -------------------------------

                                    1867-2002

                         U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
                                WASHINGTON : 2002

        ``The legislative control of the purse is the central pillar--
      the central pillar--upon which the constitutional temple of checks
      and balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is
      shaken, the temple will fall. It is . . . central to the
      fundamental liberty of the American people.''

                                        Senator Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
                                         Senate Appropriations Committee
                              United States Senate

                           Committee on Appropriations

                          ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS

      Robert C. Byrd, West Virginia, Chairman        Ted Stevens, Alaska,
      Daniel K. Inouye, Hawaii                         Ranking
      Ernest F. Hollings, South Carolina             Thad Cochran,
      Patrick J. Leahy, Vermont                        Mississippi
      Tom Harkin, Iowa                               Arlen Specter,
      Barbara A. Mikulski, Maryland                    Pennsylvania
      Harry Reid, Nevada                             Pete V. Domenici, New
      Herb Kohl, Wisconsin                             Mexico
      Patty Murray, Washington                       Christopher S. Bond,
      Byron L. Dorgan, North Dakota                    Missouri
      Dianne Feinstein, California                   Mitch McConnell,
      Richard J. Durbin, Illinois                      Kentucky
      Tim Johnson, South Dakota                      Conrad Burns, Montana
      Mary L. Landrieu, Louisiana                    Richard C. Shelby,
      Jack Reed, Rhode Island                          Alabama
                                                     Judd Gregg, New
                                                       Hampshire
                                                     Robert F. Bennett, Utah
                                                     Ben Nighthorse
                                                       Campbell, Colorado
                                                     Larry Craig, Idaho
                                                     Kay Bailey Hutchison,
                                                       Texas
                                                     Mike DeWine, Ohio

                       Terrence E. Sauvain, Staff Director
                     Charles Kieffer, Deputy Staff Director
                   Steven J. Cortese, Minority Staff Director
              Subcommittee Membership, One Hundred Seventh Congress

       Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator Stevens, as
    ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio members of all
    subcommittees of which they are not regular members.

                                  ------------

      AGRICULTURE, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, AND RELATED AGENCIES
      Senators Kohl,\1\ Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin,
    Johnson, Murray, Cochran,\2\ Specter, Bond, McConnell,
    Burns, Craig. (7-6)

           COMMERCE, JUSTICE, STATE, AND THE JUDICIARY
      Senators Hollings,\1\ Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl,
    Murray, Reed, Gregg,\2\ Stevens, Domenici, McConnell,
    Hutchison, Campbell. (7-6)

                             DEFENSE
      Senators Inouye,\1\ Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin,
    Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Kohl, Stevens,\2\
    Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McConnell, Shelby,
    Gregg, Hutchison. (10-9)

                      DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
      Senators Landrieu \1\, Durbin, Reed, DeWine,\2\
    Hutchison. (3-2)

                  ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
      Senators Reid,\1\ Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan,
    Feinstein, Harkin, Domenici,\2\ Cochran, McConnell,
    Bennett, Burns, Craig. (7-6)

                       FOREIGN OPERATIONS
      Senators Leahy,\1\ Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin,
    Johnson, Landrieu, Reed, McConnell,\2\ Specter, Gregg,
    Shelby, Bennett, Campbell, Bond. (8-7)

                            INTERIOR
      Senators Byrd,\1\ Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan,
    Feinstein, Murray, Inouye, Burns,\2\ Stevens, Cochran,
    Domenici, Bennett, Gregg, Campbell. (8-7)
           LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, EDUCATION
      Senators Harkin,\1\ Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl,
    Murray, Landrieu, Byrd, Specter,\2\ Cochran, Gregg,
    Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, DeWine. (8-7)
                       LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
      Senators Durbin,\1\ Johnson, Reed, Bennett,\2\
    Stevens. (3-2)
                      MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
      Senators Feinstein,\1\ Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu,
    Reid, Hutchison,\2\ Burns, Craig, DeWine. (5-4)
                         TRANSPORTATION
      Senators Murray,\1\ Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl,
    Durbin, Leahy, Shelby,\2\ Specter, Bond, Bennett,
    Campbell, Hutchison. (7-6)
                 TREASURY AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT
      Senators Dorgan,\1\ Mikulski, Landrieu, Reed,
    Campbell,\2\ Shelby, DeWine. (4-3)
                   VA-HUD-INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
      Senators Mikulski,\1\ Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl,
    Johnson, Hollings, Bond,\2\ Burns, Shelby, Craig,
    Domenici, DeWine. (7-6)
                                    Contents

                                                                        Page
      Committee membership, One hundred seventh Congress--------           V
      Subcommittee membership, One hundred seventh Congress-----         VII
      Introduction----------------------------------------------          XI
      A History of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and
          the Appropriations Process in the Senate--------------           1
      The Budget Cycle------------------------------------------          25
      Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Appropriations--------          31
      Biographies of Committee Chairmen-------------------------          35
      Membership of the Committee:
        By Congress and Session-------------------------------------------85
        By Subcommittee Memberships--------------------------------------129
        By State and Term of Service-------------------------------------197
        Alphabetical Listing of Members of the Committee-----------------207

      The Committee Rooms---------------------------------------         215
      Staff Directors to the Committee--------------------------         219
      Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to Appropriations---         221
              S. Res. 337
                               In the Senate of the United States,
                                                  October 9, 2002.

      Resolved, That there be printed with illustrations as a Senate
    document a compilation of materials entitled ``Committee on
    Appropriations, United States Senate, 135th Anniversary, 1867-2002'',
    and that there be printed two thousand additional copies of such
    document for the use of the Committee on Appropriations.

      Attest:

                                          Jeri Thomson, Secretary.
                                  Introduction

      March 9, 2002, marked the 135th anniversary of the creation of the
    Committee on Appropriations of the United States Senate. During that
    period, the 285 members led by 24 different chairmen have helped guide
    the financial operations of the Federal Government through wars,
    depressions, constitutional crises, resignation of a President,
    impeachments of Presidents, and the assassinations of Presidents. The
    work of the Senate Appropriations Committee is demonstrative of how the
    Government goes on, during the worst of times as well as the best of
    times. The Appropriations Committee continues to provide the funds for
    the workings of the American Government, to enhance our domestic
    welfare, and to ensure our national security. The Committee's work has
    affected the lives and the well-being of every American and the welfare
    of countless millions spread over the surface of the globe.

      It is believed that the material assembled herein will be of value to
    the members of the Committee, the Congress generally, and students of
    Government interested in the development of the congressional
    appropriations process.

                         PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

                         HON. ROBERT C. BYRD, CHAIRMAN,

                           COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

                              UNITED STATES SENATE

                                 107TH CONGRESS
    A History of the Senate Committee on Appropriations and the Appropriations
    Process in the Senate

    I. THE FIRST CENTURY AND A HALF: 1789-1946

    ``THE POWER OVER THE PURSE''

    The appropriating power of Congress rests upon the authority conferred by
    Article I, section 9, of the U.S. Constitution:

        No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of
     Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of
    the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published
                                                      from time to time.

    The experiences of the Continental Congress left no doubt in the minds of
    the Founding Fathers about the importance of placing the ultimate control
    over funds in the hands of those who were directly responsible to the
    people. James Madison Federalist Paper No. 58 cited this point succinctly:

        This power over the purse may, in fact, be regarded as the most
      complete and effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm
    the immediate representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress
        of every grievance, and for carrying into effect every just and
                                                       salutary measure.

    Since adoption of the Constitution, no one has seriously questioned the
    exclusive right of Congress to appropriate funds or the corollary authority
    to specify the objects of appropriations and the amounts of specific
    appropriations. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, however, less
    agreement existed regarding the degree of control that Congress should
    exercise over appropriations and over expenditures once appropriations had
    been made. In 1789 the First Congress made the Secretary of the Treasury
    responsible for compiling and reporting estimates of the public revenues
    and expenditures, but failed to give him the authority to review
    expenditure estimates and to oversee the use of appropriations. During the
    Presidency of George Washington, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander
    Hamilton favored wide executive discretion, based on lump-sum congressional
    appropriations, with the Treasury Secretary having broad authority in his
    role as a minister of finance and an agent of and adviser to Congress. The
    administration of Thomas Jefferson, however, took a different approach.
    Jefferson named Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury, who as a
    Member of the House of Representatives had advocated legislative control
    over spending through use of specific appropriations. Jefferson's first
    message to Congress in 1801 spelled out this philosophy:

         In our care, too, of the public contributions intrusted to our
       direction it would be prudent to multiply barriers against their
    dissipation by appropriating specific sums to every specific purpose
    susceptible of definition; by disallowing all applications of money
         varying from the appropriation in object or transcending it in
    amount; by reducing the undefined field of contingencies and thereby
    circumscribing discretionary powers over money; and by bringing back
       to a single department all accountabilities for money, where the
                   examinations may be prompt, efficacious, and uniform.

    Acceptance of congressional control in theory, however, did not dissuade
    the executive departments from seeking loopholes in the law as they spent
    the funds appropriated. Departments even made expenditures on a deficiency
    basis, forcing Congress to appropriate new funds for the remainder of a
    year. They also transferred appropriations without specific authority, let
    contracts in anticipation of appropriations, and carried forward unexpended
    balances, despite the enactment in 1795 of a law directing that any
    unexpended balances should be transferred to the surplus fund. Mingling of
    appropriations was not uncommon, and the loosest of control was exercised
    over the use of appropriations once they were made. As early as 1806, John
    Randolph, the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, deplored the
    decline of congressional fiscal control, stating that appropriations were
    ``a matter of form, or less than a shadow of a shade, a mere cobweb against
    expenditures.''

    Congress made periodic attempts to regain authority over the purse strings
    of the Nation. In 1802, it instituted a postaudit expenditure review, which
    it strengthened in 1816. An 1809 act required public officials to account
    for appropriations solely on the basis of the purpose of the appropriation.
    An 1820 law required the Secretaries of War and Navy to submit annually
    their estimated financial requirements, together with a statement of the
    unexpended balances still available from previous appropriations. As time
    went on, other departments of the Government were required to submit
    similar information. An 1823 act prohibited the advance of public funds
    prior to appropriations.

    Despite these efforts, an almost constant tug of war between the executive
    and legislative branches of Government continued throughout the 19th
    century. While Congress recognized its responsibility to provide
    legislative oversight of the way funds were used, it was reluctant to
    impose rigid controls in the event of an emergency. Furthermore, individual
    members frequently favored Government activities that would have been
    restricted by limitations on appropriations.

    EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS

    In the first two congresses, the general appropriations were made in single
    bills. The first appropriations bill of record, in 1789, appropriated
    $639,000 and read as follows:

            An act making appropriations for the service of the present
                                                                   year.
         Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That there be appropriated for
    the service of the present year, to be paid out of the moneys which
    arise either from the requisitions heretofore made upon the several
    States or from the duties on impost and tonnage, the following sums,
                                                                    viz:
         A sum not exceeding $216,000 for defraying the expenses of the
            civil list under the late and present Government; a sum not
     exceeding $137,000 for defraying the expenses of the Department of
         War; a sum not exceeding $190,000 for discharging the warrants
    issued by the late board of treasury, and the remaining unsatisfied;
    and a sum not exceeding $96,000 for paying the pensions to invalids.

    Beginning in 1791, Congress--always alert to protect its constitutional
    powers to appropriate funds--frequently made appropriations for a
    particular purpose, using funds derived from a specific source. One
    instance illustrates these points: in February, 1791, President George
    Washington sent to the Senate a message indicating that he intended to
    ransom U.S. citizens held captive in Algiers and seeking an appropriation
    ``on your earliest attention'' for the recognition of the treaty with the
    new emperor of Morocco. In response, the Senate advised the President by
    resolution to suspend any effort to ransom the captives until funds were
    appropriated, and it adopted an appropriation of $20,000 for the purpose of
    recognizing the emperor, with the funds to be derived from duties on
    distilled spirits. Continuing the trend towards specific funding measures,
    Congress in 1794 enacted a separate appropriation for the army, and 5 years
    later, in 1799, passed an appropriation for the navy.

    THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE

    In the early years of the Republic, the Senate did much of its legislative
    work through temporary ad hoc committees specially appointed to handle
    bills, including appropriations requests. By 1815, the Senate had
    authorized between 90 and 100 such special committees, while creating only
    4 standing committees, which were administrative rather than legislative in
    function.

    Then, in 1816, the Senate adopted a new system. On a motion by Senator
    James Barbour of Virginia, the Senate added 11 standing committees to the 4
    already established. One of these was the Committee on Finance, which for
    the next 50 years handled appropriations bills. While this arrangement
    provided some of the needed legislative coordination, the executive branch
    still had no unified budgetary procedure. No single office was responsible
    for preparing and coordinating the estimates for appropriations. Instead,
    each department of the Government requested the amount it believed
    necessary to fund its programs.

    During the ensuing decades, Congress enacted many laws to wrestle with what
    was termed ``the usurpation of control by the departments of the
    Government.'' With little success, legislators adopted procurement and
    contracting regulations, transportation and salary restrictions, and even
    expenditure limitations. In the years from 1846 to 1848, Government
    operation costs skyrocketed, as the war with Mexico engaged the Nation's
    attention. Total expenditures rose from $22 million in 1845 to $57 million
    in 1847, and deficits in 3 years aggregated a higher total than any since
    the War of 1812. Probably as a result, the Senate on December 19, 1850,
    adopted the first legislative limitation on appropriations, embodied in
    Rule 30 of the Senate \1\, which read as follows:

    \1\ Rule 30 was framed in terms of amendments to general appropriations
    bills because the custom (based on the House's insistence) was for the
    Senate Finance Committee (and later the Appropriations Committee) to amend
    the House bill rather than originate a Senate bill.

    No amendment proposing additional appropriations shall be received to
    any general appropriation bill, unless it be made to carry out the
    provisions of some existing law, or some act or resolution previously
    passed by the Senate during that session, or moved by a standing
    committee of the Senate, or in pursuance of an estimate from the head of
    some of the departments; and no amendment shall be received whose object
    is to provide for a private claim, unless it be made to carry out the
    provisions of an existing law or a treaty stipulation.

    A decade later, the increased Federal Government expenditures incurred
    during the Civil War dwarfed those from the war with Mexico. For 8 years,
    between 1858 and 1865, the Treasury Department showed a deficit in Federal
    balances that reached $963 million in 1865. That year, for the first time,
    expenditures passed the billion-dollar mark, and, in the following year,
    the interest on the public debt rose about $100 million. During the Civil
    War period, the Federal Government spent millions of dollars without
    Congress making appropriations, in what is generally regarded as the high-
    water mark of the exercise of executive power in the United States. The
    exigencies of the moment frustrated congressional attempts to control the
    purse, as the President wrote, ``I feel that measures, otherwise
    unconstitutional, might become lawful by becoming indispensable to the
    preservation of the Nation.'' Once the national danger subsided, however,
    Congress reasserted its constitutional rights and directed its attention to
    control of appropriations.

    CREATION OF THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

    At the beginning of the Fortieth Congress in March 1867, Senator Henry B.
    Anthony of Rhode Island offered a Senate resolution providing for the
    creation of ``a Committee on Appropriations, to consist of seven members.''
    His purpose was ``to divide the onerous labors of the Finance Committee
    with another committee'' by separating the tax-writing and appropriating
    processes. The House had already established an Appropriations Committee 2
    years earlier. Without further discussion, Anthony's resolution was
    considered by unanimous consent and agreed to, giving birth to the Senate
    Committee on Appropriations on March 6, 1867. The lack of Senate debate
    over the proposed resolution indicates that Members recognized the need to
    control the appropriations process, as well as to ensure better management
    of Government spending by giving one committee the sole responsibility to
    examine executive agency budget estimates. When the Senate approved the
    membership of its standing committees the next day, it named the following
    members to the new Committee on Appropriations:

    Lot M. Morrill of Maine, chairman

    James W. Grimes of Iowa

    Timothy O. Howe of Wisconsin

    Henry Wilson of Massachusetts

    Cornelius Cole of California

    Roscoe Conkling of New York

    James Guthrie of Kentucky

    Senator Anthony then offered a resolution to amend Rule 30 of the Senate,
    to which relatively minor changes had been made in 1852 and 1854. The new
    resolution was far-reaching:

    Resolved, That the 30th rule of the Senate be amended by adding thereto
    the following words, namely: ``And all amendments to general
    appropriation bills reported from the committees of the Senate,
    proposing new items of appropriation, shall, 1 day before they are
    offered, be referred to the Committee on Appropriations; and all general
    appropriation bills shall be referred to the said committee.''

    This resolution, which the Senate agreed to without debate, gave the
    committee an opportunity to examine all proposed amendments, thus
    precluding spontaneous floor amendments. On the first appropriation bill
    reported by the committee, Senator Lot Morrill raised a point of order--
    which the Senate sustained--against a floor amendment about which the
    Committee on Appropriations had not received prior notice.\2\

    \2\ This measure, the first appropriation bill ever considered by the
    Senate Committee on Appropriations, was S. 83, Fortieth Congress,
    originating in the Senate. It was amended in both houses and in the
    conference. Only one of the three conferees, Senator Morrill, was a regular
    Appropriations member. Along with other items for the Senate, House, and
    executive branch, the bill contained $2,898 for the salary (covering
    approximately 16 months) for the clerk of the Senate Committee on
    Appropriations. President Andrew Johnson signed the bill into law on March
    29, 1867.

    The operations of the newly formed committee were in many ways similar to
    those in practice today. To handle the various appropriation bills, the
    committee soon established 13 subcommittees, with three members assigned to
    each, responsible for the following topics:

    Agriculture

    Army

    Deficiencies

    Diplomatic and consular

    District of Columbia

    Fortification

    Indian

    Legislative

    Military Academy

    Navy

    Pensions

    Post Office

    Sundry Civil

    In the Senate, as in the House, the Committee on Commerce continued to
    handle the rivers and harbors appropriation bill, which had been provided
    for as a separate bill since 1826 and was not considered a ``general''
    appropriation bill.

    FISCAL REFORM POLICIES

    Once created, the House and Senate Appropriations Committees moved promptly
    to correct loopholes in the way appropriated money was used. They first
    attacked the problem of commingling and transferring funds. As the power of
    the Presidency had waxed or waned between 1817 and 1868, Congress had
    passed at least 11 measures either limiting, regulating, or extending the
    power of the President to transfer funds from one object of appropriation
    to another. At the instance of the Senate Appropriations Committee in 1868,
    an amendment to a deficiency appropriation bill repealed all acts
    authorizing the transfers of appropriations. On the floor, the bill was
    further amended to forbid using money for any purpose other than that for
    which it was appropriated, although unexpended balances could still be
    employed for purposes similar to those for which Congress had appropriated
    the funds.

    A further problem not addressed by the 1868 act continued, however, because
    executive agencies often tapped unexpended balances in years subsequent to
    those for which Congress had appropriated the money. Because this practice
    made it virtually impossible for the Treasury Department and Congress to
    ascertain the exact amounts of these unexpended funds, the Appropriations
    Committees were unable to judge accurately the actual needs of the various
    agencies. The legislative appropriations bill in 1870 became the vehicle to
    rectify the problem. As finally enacted, the law provided that all
    unexpended balances from appropriations made specifically for a given
    fiscal year would be placed in the surplus fund of the Treasury, although
    such funds could be used to fulfill contracts made within that year.
    Another section in the same act later became section 3679 of the Revised
    Statutes, subsequently known as the Anti-Deficiency Act. This section
    stated that no department could make greater expenditures during a fiscal
    year than the amount provided by Congress. Nor could a department involve
    the Federal Government in any contract for the future payment of money in
    excess of appropriations.

    In addition, the act provided that the Treasury Department should report
    all balances of appropriations that had remained on the books without being
    drawn against for 2 years after the date of the last appropriation. If
    these amounts were not required in order to settle accounts, they might be
    transferred to the surplus fund. An interpretation by the Attorney General,
    however, virtually nullified the intent of this provision. His ruling
    stated that any agency's authority to expend would be automatically
    extended for another 2 years if any part of the unexpended balance was
    drawn on within the first 2-year period. Congress hastened to correct this
    assumption by passing a law in 1874 that stipulated:

    . . . the Secretary of the Treasury shall cause all unexpended balances
    of appropriations which shall have remained upon the books of the
    Treasury for 2 fiscal years to be carried to the surplus fund and
    covered into the Treasury.

    The measure excepted permanent specific appropriations and those for rivers
    and harbors, lighthouses, fortifications, public buildings, and the pay of
    the navy and marine corps.

    No significant changes occurred in the committee's structure during the
    next three decades. Although its membership was enlarged from 7 to 9 in
    1873, temporarily to 10 in 1885, and then to 13 in 1895, no revisions in
    the subcommittee makeup are recorded during this period. General revisions
    of the Senate rules in 1877 and 1884 had little impact on the committee,
    except that in the latter year the Senate adopted Rule XVI, regarding
    amendments to appropriation bills, incorporating much of what had
    previously been contained in Rule 30. Passage of the Dockery Act in 1894
    improved the fiscal management of the Government but continued to vest
    control of spending in the executive branch, so that Congress still lacked
    the authority to conduct an independent review of agency expenditures.

    RESTRICTIONS ON COMMITTEE IN 1899

    On January 28, 1899, the Senate adopted a rules change that profoundly
    affected the operation of the Committee on Appropriations by removing most
    of the appropriation bills from its jurisdiction. The House of
    Representatives had already taken a similar step in 1885 when it removed
    all but 6 of the 14 general bills from the control of its Appropriations
    Committee, referring them instead to the related legislative committees.

    Students of Government assert that the sentiment to restrict the power of
    the Committee on Appropriations developed in reaction to the practices that
    had helped Congress maintain some control over the national purse strings.
    Executive agencies and others concerned about establishing and operating
    individual programs chafed under restrictions that hampered their previous
    freedom of operation. They objected to requirements initiated by the
    Appropriations Committee, such as the detailed itemization of
    appropriations, restrictions on their power to transfer funds, the
    provision returning unexpended balances to the treasury, and the
    prohibition on contract obligations in excess of appropriations.

    In December 1895, Senator Fred T. Dubois of Idaho introduced a resolution
    to curb the committee's power by amending Rule XVI to strip the Committee
    on Appropriations of most of its control over appropriations. The
    resolution directed that the appropriate legislative committees would
    handle appropriations dealing with agriculture, consular and diplomatic
    activities, the military establishment (including the military academy),
    the naval establishment, post offices, Indians and Indian tribes, rivers
    and harbors, fortifications, the District of Columbia, and pensions. The
    Appropriations Committee would retain control only over appropriations for
    the legislative, executive, and judicial expenses; sundry civil expenses;
    and all deficiencies. Two months later, Senator Dubois, objecting to
    consideration of an urgent deficiency appropriation bill, insisted that his
    resolution be made the pending business. The Appropriations Committee
    chairman, Senator William B. Allison, defended the committee, asserting
    that it ``has with fidelity represented the interests of the Senate as
    manifested by votes here upon this subject,'' and another committee member,
    Senator Eugene Hale of Maine, denounced the motion as a proposal ``to
    dismantle the committee.'' After extended debate, punctuated by
    considerable parliamentary maneuvering, the Senate referred the resolution
    to the Committee on Rules with instructions to report back to the Senate by
    the beginning of the next session. Three days after the second session
    began, on December 10, 1896, Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, for the Committee
    on Rules, requested and received an extension of time to consider the
    resolution.

    The committee took no further action in that Congress. Two years later, on
    December 21, 1898, Senator William E. Chandler of New Hampshire, on behalf
    of Senator Thomas H. Carter of Montana, offered the same resolution to
    amend Rule XVI. The stated purpose was ``to facilitate and expedite the
    business of the Senate.'' Senator Chandler resubmitted the resolution 3
    weeks later on January 10, 1899, and asked that it be placed on the
    calendar. He indicated that either he or Senator Carter would move to
    proceed to its consideration at the earliest appropriate moment. When
    Senator Aldrich of the Committee on Rules called up the resolution on
    January 28, it was considered by unanimous consent and agreed to without
    comment. That no debate took place seems to indicate that opinion in the
    Senate had come to support the resolution, which established a procedure
    similar to one adopted by the House 14 years earlier. Under the resolution
    as passed by the Senate, the rivers and harbors bill continued to be
    referred to the Committee on Commerce, and the bills on agriculture, the
    army, the military academy, Indians, the navy, pensions, and the Post
    Office went to the appropriate legislative committees. These changes left
    the Appropriations Committee with a diminished, but still substantial,
    jurisdiction, divided among six subcommittees. Among the remaining
    subcommittees, for example, the Legislative Subcommittee was responsible
    for funding for the salaries and contingent expenses of most of the
    executive branch departments (including the civilian administration of the
    Navy and War Departments, but not the Agriculture Department) in the
    Legislative, Executive, and Judicial bill. The Sundry Civil Subcommittee
    provided funding for the activities of a wide variety of agencies (such as
    the Bureau of Mines, the Customs Service, the Interstate Commerce
    Commission, and the Veterans' Bureau). The Sundry Civil bill was frequently
    the largest of the general appropriations bills. The Appropriations
    Committee also retained subcommittees to consider the Diplomatic and
    Consular, District of Columbia, and Fortifications bills, as well as a
    subcommittee devoted to deficiencies.

    For the next 20 years, little significant change occurred in the
    appropriations process. In 1911, the committee's membership rose to 17 and
    in 1915 to 20, but no revisions of consequence took place in the referral
    of bills and the authority of the committee.

    DECENTRALIZED APPROPRIATIONS PROCEDURES, 1900-1920

    Even under the decentralized approach to Federal financing, the
    Appropriations Committee continued its efforts to place some restraints on
    Government spending. During the period between 1897 and 1909, the
    expenditures occasioned by the Spanish-American War, together with enlarged
    Federal functions, practically doubled annual appropriations. Because the
    customs duties and tariff revenues that had provided the major source of
    Government funds from the early days of the Republic no longer sufficed to
    finance the increased outlays, this extensive spending resulted in an
    unbalanced budget, with deficits existing in 10 of the 16 years between
    1894 and 1909.

    A further problem from a congressional standpoint was the growing use by
    executive branch agencies of a device that has been termed ``coercive
    deficiencies.'' An agency would spend at a rapid rate money that had been
    appropriated for an entire year. When the funds neared exhaustion, the
    agency informed Congress that, if additional appropriations were not
    provided, the required services would have to be stopped, in order to
    comply with the Anti-Deficiency Act of 1870. Although Congress complained
    about this practice, it felt obliged to grant the funds, in order to avoid
    curtailing or shutting down some executive function deemed vital to the
    Nation. Compounding the problem, the loss of jurisdiction by the
    Appropriations Committee meant that two different committees might have
    handled the original appropriation and the deficiency request. The Senate
    and House Appropriations Committees, led by their chairmen, Senator Eugene
    Hale and Representative (later Senator) James A. Hemenway, resolved to end
    this practice of the ``understrappers,'' as Senator Hale termed them, who
    flaunted their power in the face of congressional edict. In 1905 and 1907,
    Congress twice amended the antideficiency language in section 3679 of the
    Revised Statutes. In addition to the provision of 1870 requiring that
    expenditures be limited to money appropriated for a given fiscal year, the
    new law stipulated that the appropriations should be apportioned by monthly
    or other allotments, in order to prevent excessive expenditures in one
    portion of the year that would necessitate a deficiency appropriation later
    on. This law could only be waived by informing Congress in the event of
    ``some extraordinary emergency or unusual circumstance'' that could not be
    anticipated at the time the apportionment was made.

    In another action, the Appropriations Committee in 1906 sought to stop the
    practice of permitting the heads of departments to submit their estimates
    ``piecemeal,'' as Senator Hale termed it. Instead, Congress directed each
    agency to include in its initial request the full amount that would be
    needed to carry out its responsibilities. If additional funds were later
    required to implement new laws or to provide a necessary public service,
    the request should include a full statement explaining the urgency of the
    need and the reasons for omitting the amount from the annual estimates.
    Further, a provision of the Sundry Civil Appropriation Act in 1909 made the
    President responsible for recommending to Congress the methods by which
    annual expenditure estimates might be brought within the estimated
    revenues.

    THE BUDGET AND ACCOUNTING ACT OF 1921

    Although the decentralized approach to appropriations was slow to die, a
    new concept of budgeting gradually developed in the first two decades of
    the 20th century. In 1910, shortly after the revision of antideficiency
    legislation, President William Howard Taft appointed a Commission on
    Economy and Efficiency. Its report 2 years later urged the adoption of a
    Federal budget system. Shortly before leaving office in 1913, President
    William Howard Taft attempted to implement a key recommendation of the
    Commission by submitting a consolidated executive budget, but Congress
    refused to consider it, and the Commission quietly went out of business the
    following year. The outbreak of the First World War delayed further
    congressional consideration of the question of a new budget system, but by
    the time the Budget and Accounting Act was signed into law by President
    Warren G. Harding in 1921 the idea of an executive budget had been accepted
    as a necessity for achieving economy and efficiency.

    During World War I, as in previous wars, the executive branch was granted
    great flexibility in its use of appropriated funds. A Congress eager to
    support the war effort and avoid having fiscal procedures hinder military
    operations permitted such tactics as lump-sum appropriations, the use of
    revolving funds, and a generally worded permission to employ contract
    authority and incur obligations in excess of appropriations. Once the war
    was over, however, Congress moved to reassert its control over the use of
    funds, particularly in light of a general concern that retrenchment was
    needed. The average annual appropriation for the 10 years prior to World
    War I had hovered at the billion-dollar mark but, by the war's end, the
    amount had soared to $27 billion. For fiscal year 1920, the first peacetime
    year, appropriations stood at approximately $6.5 billion, over six times
    the prewar average. The answer appeared to be a major budgetary overhaul.

    Congress took the first steps soon after the war, when it discontinued as
    no longer necessary the practice of making large lump-sum appropriations.
    Congress also rescinded some appropriations and curtailed the use of
    revolving funds, while liquidating many of the war-spawned Government
    corporations. Such changes controlled practices brought about by wartime
    exigencies, but they did not strike at the root of the problem. For
    example, coercive deficiencies continued to flourish, despite the
    requirement of section 3679 of the Revised Statutes that appropriations be
    allocated over the course of a full year. Although Appropriations Committee
    Chairman Senator Francis E. Warren of Wyoming fought against this practice,
    he faced the old problem that, if Congress denied these requests for
    deficiencies, it would be penalizing public servants and others who had
    earned their salaries or furnished commodities for which they should be
    paid. The fact also remained that no one had been punished under the
    provisions of the Anti-Deficiency Act.

    Other major problems were all too evident. Each agency of the Government
    had generally dealt directly with Congress in its requests for funds.
    Neither the President nor the Treasury Department exercised any coordinated
    control over budgetary policies and requests. Although after 1909 the
    Treasury Department had the responsibility to inform the President if a
    budget deficit was anticipated, little or no overall budgetary control
    existed. The Treasury Department collected the estimates submitted by the
    departments and agencies and transmitted them to Congress without changes.

    From a legislative standpoint, the system that the Senate had employed
    since the turn of the century had obvious drawbacks. With no centralized
    responsibility for budgetary consideration, eight different committees
    pursued their own courses, and appropriations for a single department might
    be handled by several different committees. As an extreme example,
    appropriations for the War Department were contained in four different
    bills before three separate committees. Over the years, many legislators
    contended that such fragmentation of appropriations among numerous
    committees was in the end extravagant, with some describing the prevailing
    system as ``illogical, unscientific, and universally condemned by
    disinterested students of our Government.'' The platforms of both major
    parties in 1916 had also stressed the need for reform.

    To address these problems, Congress in 1919 passed a budget and accounting
    bill, which President Woodrow Wilson vetoed on constitutional grounds
    involving his power to remove the comptroller general from office. Two
    years later, however, the attempt succeeded, and President Warren G.
    Harding signed the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921. Passage of the law
    brought major changes in the entire appropriating procedure, designed to
    give Congress greater control over the budgetary process and to establish a
    more centralized approach to financial policy in both the executive and
    legislative branches.

    The most far-reaching single fiscal reform measure promulgated since the
    establishment of the Republic, the Budget and Accounting Act provided for
    unified executive control over budget submission and created a legislative
    agency whose duties included a centralized oversight of all executive
    spending. Implementation of the act also led to a consolidation of the
    congressional appropriations process.

    Thus, after 130 years, the financial operation of the Government was to be
    brought within a centralized system. Specifically, the law required the
    President to transmit to Congress the proposed annual budget of the United
    States. To oversee this process, it established a Bureau of the Budget,
    located in the Treasury Department but under the immediate direction of the
    President, which was empowered to assemble, correlate, revise, and reduce
    or increase the estimates of the several departments and establishments.

    In addition, the act established the General Accounting Office, headed by a
    comptroller general of the United States, which was to be entirely
    independent of the executive branch and responsible only to Congress as its
    fiscal representative and auditor. The agency's powers, which have since
    been enlarged, were sweeping, giving Congress an independent agent to audit
    executive accounts and investigate all receipts, disbursements, and
    applications of public funds. The new General Accounting Office also
    absorbed powers previously delegated to the Treasury Department under the
    1894 Dockery Act. In regard to deficiencies, the act specified that the
    comptroller general should report to Congress expenditures or contracts
    made by any department or agency in violation of the law.

    COMMITTEE JURISDICTION RESTORED

    In 1922, after the new act took effect, the Senate confronted the need to
    adjust to the altered arrangement of appropriations measures. With the
    approval of the President, the Bureau of the Budget proposed a new
    structure for considering the regular annual appropriations bills, and the
    House Committee on Appropriations--which had assumed control over all
    general appropriations again in 1920--adopted the procedure. According to
    the Senate procedure followed since 1899, a large number of appropriations
    bills were referred to legislative committees, while the remainder went to
    the Committee on Appropriations. The new arrangement wiped out most of the
    old categories of appropriations bills and substituted new ones, grouped
    according to the various units of governmental organization. Although the
    law required, and the Bureau of the Budget provided, alternative lists of
    estimates (one under the old method of procedure and one under the new) the
    Senate needed to offer some direction regarding the proper course to
    pursue. As Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Francis Warren pointed
    out:

    . . . if the so-called budget law is put into effect as it was intended,
    it will require us to pursue very much the same procedure as the other
    House is now pursuing and under which they are working so harmoniously
    and expeditiously in the present Congress. On the other hand, if it be
    sought to divide over the various appropriation bills as heretofore,
    then, I think, it will be better that the rule shall distinctly refer to
    the bills under this new designation and cause their reference to
    whatever committee may be provided. My purpose will be to state the
    facts and to introduce a resolution which may go to the Committee on
    Rules in order that they may consider the entire subject.

    The new procedure, envisaging a changed structure cutting across the lines
    of the previous appropriations process, affected the bills referred to the
    various legislative committees as well as those sent to the Appropriations
    Committee. Not one bill previously handled by the legislative committees
    remained as it was; only one bill, the deficiency measure, remained
    unchanged; and only two bills under the old titles would be referred to the
    Senate Committee on Appropriations. Concerned about the need to take some
    action, Senator Warren proposed the following resolution--while indicating
    that he had no desire to infringe on the rights and privileges of any
    individual Senator or committee:

        Resolved, That clause 1 of rule 16 of the Standing Rules of the
                     Senate be amended so as to read as follows, to wit:
          ``1. All general appropriation bills shall be referred to the
    Committee on Appropriations, and no amendments shall be received to
          any general appropriation bill the effect of which will be to
    increase an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a
          new item of appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the
     provisions of some existing law, or treaty stipulation, or act, or
     resolution previously passed by the Senate during that session; or
          unless the same be moved by direction of a standing or select
    committee of the Senate, or proposed in pursuance of an estimate of
                              the head of some one of the departments.''

    The effect of the proposed resolution would be to bring all general
    appropriations back under the control of the Committee on Appropriations,
    which, in turn, could set up subcommittees compatible with the new budget
    structure and the operations of the House committee.

    The subject was broached by Senator Warren on January 16 and 18, 1922, and
    the actual debate on the resolution began on March 1 and continued until
    March 6. The Rules Committee recommended that Senate Rule XVI be amended so
    that all general appropriation bills would be referred to the Senate
    Committee on Appropriations and that the chairman and two other members of
    the Committees on Agriculture and Forestry, Military Affairs, Naval
    Affairs, Post Office and Post Roads, Commerce, and Foreign Relations would
    sit with the members of the Committee on Appropriations on those matters
    over which the legislative committees maintained jurisdiction. It was
    further proposed that an appropriation bill would be subject to a point of
    order if the bill contained amendments proposing new or general
    legislation.

    Although some opposition existed to the entire concept of the Committee on
    Appropriations assuming control over all appropriations, most of the debate
    centered on the idea of having ex officio members from the legislative
    committees sitting with the Committee on Appropriations when agencies
    within their legislative jurisdiction were requesting funds, and,
    similarly, having them represented on the conference committees. Senator
    Pat Harrison of Mississippi moved that the Senate reverse the proposal and
    provide that three members of the Committee on Appropriations sit in
    conference with the members of the legislative committees. Senator George
    Norris of Nebraska, on the other hand, favored eliminating the ex officio
    legislative committee members from appropriations consideration. The final
    arrangement authorized three members of the legislative committees to sit
    with the Committee on Appropriations during consideration of appropriations
    for the designated departments, and authorized one to sit on the
    conferences. The District of Columbia legislative committee received the
    same rights as the other legislative committees.

    Some Senators also worried about making the Committee on Appropriations all
    powerful, but the amendment to Rule XVI, as perfected on the floor, stilled
    much of the opposition by forbidding the committee to report an
    appropriation bill containing amendments proposing new or general
    legislation. A point of order could be lodged against any bill including
    such an amendment that, if sustained, would send the measure back to
    committee. The Senate adopted the amendment to Rule XVI by a vote of 63 to
    14.

    To implement the revised structure of appropriations bills, the committee
    established a new set of subcommittees, including: Agriculture; Commerce
    and Labor; Deficiencies; District of Columbia; Independent Offices;
    Interior; Legislative; Navy; Post Office; State and Justice; Treasury; and
    War Department, which was responsible for both military and civilian
    functions (such as river and harbor improvements done by the Corps of
    Engineers). During the next 25 years only minor changes took place in the
    subcommittee structure, such as the combination of the Treasury Department
    and the Post Office subcommittees, and the combination of the State and
    Justice Departments with the Commerce and Labor Departments subcommittees
    (and later, establishing a separate Labor Department subcommittee).

    The committee procedure remained generally stable from the time of the 1922
    amendment to Rule XVI to the passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act
    in 1946. The size of the committee, however, did fluctuate somewhat. By
    1915, the committee had increased to 20 members, but the amendment to Rule
    XVI decreased it again to 16, because of the fear of either a too unwieldy
    or a too powerful committee, as well as because of the addition of ex
    officio members to the committee (a practice that lasted until the 94th
    Congress). In 1927 it was increased to 19 members, in 1931 to 23 members,
    in 1935 to 24 members, and in 1943 to 25 members.

    II. THE MODERN ERA

    LEGISLATIVE REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1946

    As World War II was drawing to a close, many Members of Congress recognized
    the growing need for a major overhaul of the Federal structure. The
    depression of the 1930s and the war in the 1940s had spawned a vast number
    of new agencies to meet these national crises. At the same time, the close
    scrutiny over appropriations and their use that Congress had so
    painstakingly evolved was again loosened to permit executive flexibility in
    the administration of emergency measures. Once more, Congress had resorted
    to lump-sum appropriations, had legalized transfers of appropriations, and
    had created a multiplicity of corporations, first to combat the depression
    and later to aid the conduct of the war. In the closing days of 1945,
    Congress passed the Government Corporation Control Act and an act to
    provide for the reorganization of Government agencies. These laws were
    designed to make possible financial control of Government corporations and
    promote economy in Government by eliminating, coordinating, and
    consolidating agencies. Congress also again ended lump-sum appropriations
    and prohibited transfers of appropriations.

    Recognizing that it must also set its own house in better order, Congress
    in 1945 created a joint committee, chaired by Wisconsin Senator Robert M.
    La Follette, Jr., with Representative A.S. Mike Monroney of Oklahoma as
    vice chair, to make a full study of the organization and operation of
    Congress. As a result of that study, joint committee members introduced a
    bill in 1946 proposing changes in the institutional operations of Congress.
    The Senate passed the legislation in June; the House acted the next month;
    and President Harry Truman signed it into law on August 2, 1946. The
    measure as enacted stipulated that there should be a total of 16 standing
    committees in the Senate, a marked reduction from the previous 33. It
    further required--for the first time in history--that the rules of the
    Senate define the jurisdiction of the reorganized committees. The act
    described the jurisdiction of the Committee on Appropriations as follows:

    ``to which committee shall be referred all proposed legislation,
    messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters relating to the
    following subjects:
                 1. Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the
                                                     Government. . . .''

    The original bill had proposed that the membership of the committee be
    reduced to 13, but a floor amendment raised the number to 21, still a
    decrease of 4 from the previous 25.

    The act also provided that Senators could serve on no more than two
    standing committees, with the exception of members of the Committees on
    Expenditures and the District of Columbia. This change eliminated the
    multiplicity of assignments, which had risen to as many as 10 standing
    committee memberships for a single Senator.

    To provide more adequate staffing of congressional committees, the bill
    authorized employing four staff experts for each committee, and each
    subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations was also to be assigned
    four qualified staff assistants. A subsequent amendment left the size of
    the staff to the discretion of the committee, while making clear that an
    expanded staff was favored. Left to each committee's discretion were the
    qualifications of the staff, which had been a focus of discussion during
    the Senate debate. In 1947 the number of committee staff members was
    increased considerably.

    JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE LEGISLATIVE BUDGET

    The Legislative Reorganization Act also revived and expanded an idea that
    had been suggested by Senator Miles Poindexter of Washington in 1921. He
    had urged creation of a joint committee ``to meet promptly at the convening
    of each session of Congress,'' in order to examine Government revenues and
    prepare to allocate the funds that would be available for appropriation
    during the ensuing fiscal year. The new act established a Joint Committee
    on the Legislative Budget to be composed of members of the Senate and House
    Appropriations Committees, the Senate Finance Committee, and the House Ways
    and Means Committee. The joint committee was to meet at the beginning of
    each regular session and, after study and consultation, report to the
    respective houses a legislative budget for the ensuing fiscal year,
    including the estimated Federal receipts and expenditures for that year.
    The report would recommend the total amount to be reserved for
    deficiencies, as well as a reduction in the public debt if estimated
    expenditures were expected to exceed receipts. A concurrent resolution was
    to accompany the report, fixing the maximum amount to be appropriated for
    expenditure during that year. If expenditures were estimated to exceed
    receipts, the report would include a statement of the sense of Congress
    that the public debt would be increased by the amount of the excess. After
    considerable discussion, the date of the report was fixed at February 15 of
    each year, although the original recommendation had been April 15. At the
    time, Senator Alben Barkley of Kentucky expressed reservations about the
    timing of the report, and subsequent experience demonstrated that his
    misgivings were well founded.\3\

    \3\ The original bill also included a deficit reduction provision that was
    eventually dropped. If, midway through the fiscal year, total Federal
    expenditures appeared likely to exceed receipts by more than the
    congressionally approved deficit, the provision required the President
    uniformly to reduce all appropriations to bring the deficit within the
    limit previously set, unless there was a national emergency.

    Attempts were made in 1947 and 1948 to carry out the intent of the
    legislative budget provision, with little success. In 1947 the conferees
    between the two Houses were unable to reach a final agreement on the
    differing versions of two budget resolutions passed after joint meetings.
    In 1948, both Houses adopted a joint resolution, but a strongly worded
    minority report noted basic defects in the procedure. In 1949, a joint
    resolution that would have suspended the legislative budget provision
    pending further study was introduced but blocked by an objection. The joint
    committee held no further meetings after that time.

    OTHER EFFORTS TO CONTROL SPENDING

    In 1950 Congress attempted another experiment, in the form of a
    consolidated appropriations bill, in which all appropriations were to be
    considered in a single measure. The proponents believed that the plan would
    promote economy, speed up the appropriations process, and provide Congress
    with the total funding picture before any appropriations were made. The
    complexity and magnitude of the operation, however, made the committee's
    work difficult and floor consideration cumbersome. The experiment was
    therefore not repeated.

    Congress did enact other laws designed to improve and strengthen controls
    over the budgetary process that were more successful. The National Security
    Act Amendments of 1949, for example, reorganized the fiscal management in
    the Department of Defense to promote efficiency and economy. In 1950 the
    Budget and Accounting Procedures Act improved the process for budgeting,
    accounting, and auditing, as well as permitting the President to prepare a
    performance budget focusing on the functions of the Government. That act
    also strengthened the Office of the Comptroller General and placed a
    variety of statistical and informational requirements on the executive
    branch, in order to provide both branches of Government with better tools
    for legislative and management controls. The Supplemental Appropriations
    Act for 1955 tightened the basis for reporting obligations. In addition,
    the Appropriations Committees took steps to strengthen antideficiency
    legislation during the 1950s by adopting more effective controls,
    simplifying the allotment system, and limiting the nature of deficiency
    requests. In 1958 Congress amended the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 to
    authorize an accrued expenditure limitation system, although opponents of
    the plan believed that the legislation would not provide the desired
    controls.

    Fiscal controls have been enhanced since the 1950s by more frequent use of
    the annual authorization process initiated by the legislative committees.
    Originally, appropriations were based on the legal authority contained in
    basic statutes creating Government departments and agencies and by
    revisions of those laws. The change to require annual authorizations for
    many programs enables Congress to review twice--through the authorization
    process and through the appropriations process--the financial requirements
    of many Government agencies, particularly in those areas where requirements
    change markedly from year to year. Since the upper limits of many
    appropriations are defined through the authorization process, the
    appropriation procedure is closely tied to authorization action.

    THE 1974 BUDGET ACT AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENTS

    During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the budget deficit grew as a result
    of increased spending for both the Vietnam war and domestic programs,
    leading Congress on several occasions to adopt spending limits. Then,
    during the Presidency of Richard Nixon, as the executive branch became
    increasingly concerned about controlling spending, the President began
    impounding certain program funds appropriated by Congress that exceeded the
    amount included in his original budget. This action raised the question
    whether the executive branch or Congress had final control over spending.

    In response to this executive-legislative branch conflict, Congress passed
    the 1974 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act, creating a
    comprehensive new Federal budget process. Since the goal was to enable the
    Senate and House to examine the entire budget for a fiscal year including
    appropriations, direct spending, and revenues, and set priorities among
    programs, Congress needed access to independent fiscal estimates and
    technical expertise, rather than relying on executive branch agencies that
    reported to the President. The legislation therefore established a
    Congressional Budget Office as a legislative branch agency reporting to
    Congress. While retaining the Senate and House Appropriations Committees in
    their traditional roles, the law created Budget Committees in each body to
    oversee the new process. In order to combat the impoundment problem, the
    act established a system permitting the President, with congressional
    approval, to defer or rescind spending of appropriated funds. Under the new
    process, Congress would use a concurrent resolution to establish a plan
    setting forth the levels for taxation, spending, and the deficit. The plan
    would then be implemented through enactment of budgetary legislation in the
    traditional manner. The act also changed the Government's fiscal year to
    begin on October 1 rather than July 1 as it had previously.

    In spite of the new budget process, the national budget deficit climbed
    steeply in the early 1980s, leading Congress in 1985 to adopt the Balanced
    Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (known popularly as Gramm-Rudman-
    Hollings after its Senate sponsors, Senators Phil Gramm of Texas, Warren B.
    Rudman of New Hampshire, and Ernest F. Hollings of South Carolina). Aimed
    at achieving a balanced budget within 5 years, this law provided that, when
    the Federal deficit exceeded certain levels, automatic across-the-board
    cuts in spending (known as ``sequestration'') would take place.

    When budget deficits again began to rise a few years later, congressional
    leaders tried the so-called budget summit approach, in which they met with
    representatives of the administration to seek agreement on ways to reduce
    the deficit. While they achieved some temporary success, by 1990 the
    deficit soared once more, far exceeding the targets set under Gramm-Rudman-
    Hollings. As part of a budget summit plan negotiated with President George
    Bush to cut the deficit, Congress enacted the Budget Enforcement Act of
    1990. This act shifted the focus of budgetary control away from the deficit
    and instead defined limits for the contents of budgetary legislation. It
    established two new control mechanisms, both enforced by sequestration:
    spending caps designed to limit the level of discretionary spending
    provided in appropriations acts; and the pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) process
    designed to limit changes in the overall level of revenues and direct
    spending due to new legislation (but not due to external factors, such as
    economic conditions). Initially these restrictions were designed to last
    through 1995, but in 1993 they were extended through 1997, and in 1997 they
    were extended through 2002.

    As a result of spending conflicts between Congress and the President, and
    within Congress as well, during the 1980's it became increasingly difficult
    to enact all of the appropriations bills before the beginning of the fiscal
    year. In response, Congress began to use continuing resolutions--originally
    designed to provide temporary funding at the start of a fiscal year if
    action on one or more of the regular appropriations bills were stalled--as
    a substitute. Congress also began using such continuing resolutions as
    omnibus appropriations measures, using them to supplant final action on all
    13 regular appropriations bills in 1986 and 1987. The use of omnibus
    appropriations measures, combining the contents of two or more regular
    appropriations bills, continued through the 1990's, although continuing
    resolutions were less likely to be the vehicle for such action.

    PRESENT COMMITTEE STRUCTURE

    Throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the Senate Committee on
    Appropriations has continued its work on individual appropriations bills,
    while operating within the framework of the budget process established in
    1974, as modified in 1985 and 1990. A number of members of the Senate
    Appropriations Committee also serve on the Budget Committee, providing an
    informal liaison between the two committees.

    Since passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act in 1946, the size of
    the committee has gradually increased from the 21 members prescribed by
    that act. In 1953 the number was raised to 23, then to 27 in 1959, before
    shrinking to 26 in 1967. In 1981 the number of members increased to 29. In
    1995 it was reduced to 28, but in 2001 it was returned to 29.

    Over the decades, the subcommittee structure has also changed to reflect
    developments in the executive branch. With passage of the National Security
    Act of 1947, as amended in 1949, for example, the subcommittees dealing
    with the military establishment were combined, first into the Armed
    Services Subcommittee and later, in 1955, into the Department of Defense
    Subcommittee. In 1967 a Transportation Subcommittee was established to
    handle appropriation requests for the newly formed Department of
    Transportation. The present subcommittee structure is as follows:

    Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies

    Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary

    Defense

    District of Columbia

    Energy and Water Development

    Foreign Operations

    Interior and Related Agencies

    Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

    Legislative Branch

    Military Construction

    Transportation

    Treasury and General Government

    VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies

    CONCLUSION

    Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution of the United Sates reads: ``No
    money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of
    Appropriations made by law.'' In this 16-word clause, the Constitution
    explicitly vests Congress with the power of the purse, the national power
    over the raising and expenditures of Government funds.

    In Federalist 58, James Madison, the Father of our Constitution, wrote that
    the ``power over the purse may be regarded as the most complete and
    effectual weapon with which any constitution can arm the immediate
    representatives of the people, for obtaining a redress of every grievance,
    and for carrying into effect every just and salutary measure.''

    In Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton, the foremost proponent of executive
    power at the Constitutional Convention, wrote: ``The legislature not only
    commands the purse but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights
    of every citizen are to be regulated.''

    In 1809, Congressman John Randolph of Virginia lectured his colleagues:
    ``Among the duties--and among the rights, too--of this House, there is
    perhaps none so important as the control which it constitutionally
    possesses over the public purse.''

    In the 1830s, Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story, considered one of the
    most influential legal scholars in American history, wrote in his landmark
    Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States: ``[I]t is highly
    proper, that Congress should possess the power to decide how and when any
    money should be applied for these purposes [operations of the Government].
    If it were otherwise, the executive would possess an unbounded power over
    the public purse of the Nation, and might apply all its moneyed resources
    at his pleasure.''

    For the next century, constitutional scholars and political leaders alike
    acknowledged this fundamental principle. In the 1950s, Richard Fenno wrote
    in his book, The Power of the Purse: Appropriations Politics in Congress:
    ``The power of the purse is the historic bulwark of legislative authority.
    The exercise of that power constitutes the core legislative process
    underpinning all other legislative decisions.''

    Current Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman, Senator Robert C. Byrd,
    has stated: ``The legislative control of the purse is the central pillar--
    the central pillar--upon which the constitutional temple of checks and
    balances and separation of powers rests, and if that pillar is shaken, the
    temple will fall. It is . . . central to the fundamental liberty of the
    American people.''

    After winning the Revolution, our Founding Fathers built a system of
    Government to inhibit tyranny. They did so by devising a form of Government
    that separated the three branches of Government, the executive,
    legislative, and the judicial, because, as Madison pointed out in
    Federalist 47, tyranny results whenever the three branches of Government
    are concentrated in the same hands. Then, in Federalist 51, he noted that
    the key to avoiding a concentration of power in a single branch was ``in
    giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional
    means and personal motives to resist encroachments of the others.''

    In giving the legislature the power of the purse, our Founding Fathers were
    fully aware of the long struggles over money between Parliament and Crown
    in England. In Federalist 58, Madison wrote that the power of the purse was
    ``the powerful instrument by which we behold, in the history of the British
    constitution, an infant and humble representation of the people gradually
    enlarging the sphere of its activity and importance.''

    Through appropriations of Federal money, Congress not merely sets aside
    particular amounts of money; it defines the character, extent, and scope of
    authorized activities. With the power to appropriate funds, Congress can
    define and limit Presidential power. In domestic as well as in foreign
    affairs, it can withhold all or part of an appropriation and may attach
    riders to appropriations measures to proscribe certain actions. The
    Founders knew that by making the President the Commander in Chief, they
    were giving him awesome powers that could be abused. For this reason,
    George Mason warned the Philadelphia Convention in 1787, that ``the purse
    and the sword ought never to get into the same hands.'' For this reason,
    the sword was placed in the hands of the executive, while the purse was
    placed in the hands of Congress, the representative of the people. In fact,
    in The Purse and the Sword, Elias Huzar has written that the Framers
    intended the placement of the power of the purse in the legislative branch
    to be a political instrument to help guarantee civilian supremacy over the
    military.

    With a noble attachment to a free constitution, ancient Rome rose from the
    smallest beginnings to the glory and dream that was the Roman republic. But
    that glory and that dream were shattered the day the Roman Senate ceded its
    powers to Julius Caesar, enabling him to become a dictator. The greatness
    that was the Roman Republic was plunged into a gulf of indolence and
    infamy, and with it, the loss of liberty. When the Roman Senate lost its
    control of the purse strings by giving away its power to check the
    executive, Rome ceased to be a republic.

    Congress is the people's branch of Government, and it is Congress that will
    best preserve the American republic. If Congress is to ensure that we will
    never have a strong, unchecked executive with the capacity to abuse power
    and endanger individual freedoms, and if Congress is to continue as a
    coequal branch of Government, a healthy, vigorous system of checks and
    balances is essential. If Congress is to remain a strong, independent,
    vigorous and aggressive branch, ready, willing, and capable of retaining
    close control over executive agencies and the President, it must retain
    control of the purse strings.
    The Budget Cycle

    From the time of the conception of the budgets of the individual
    departments and agencies to the signing of the appropriation bills into law
    requires about 18 months. The process involves a large number of
    individuals and organizations, a great many decisions, and numerous
    procedures.

    The first steps are taken in the executive branch by the various
    departments and agencies. In the spring, program offices in executive
    agencies begin compiling material necessary for the budget submission that
    will culminate in the President's budget request to Congress the following
    February. [So, for example, for the fiscal year 2003 budget request that
    was submitted in February 2002, agencies began the process in the spring of
    2001.] Budget formulation officially begins in March or April when the
    Office of Management and Budget (OMB), as the overseer of budget
    development for the President, issues its spring guidance outlining the
    administration's program priorities and overall funding levels. Departments
    in turn issue guidelines to subordinate agencies; these guidelines are
    consistent with the administration's policy positions and provide
    instructions on the departmental budget decision-making process. Typically
    a department's budget is built from the bottom up. At each stage, agency
    and department budget staff review requests and make recommendations to
    senior managers who are responsible for policy and funding decisions.

    The Government Performance and Results Act requires that OMB have agencies
    prepare annual performance plans along with their budget requests. These
    annual performance plans set out performance goals for the fiscal year, a
    description of operational processes, and the measures used to show
    progress towards meeting planned objectives. Like agency budget requests,
    agency performance plans are submitted to OMB for review in early fall.

    As agencies engage in their internal decision making process during the
    late spring and summer, OMB prepares for the next stage of budget
    formulation with the submission of department budgets for OMB's review.
    Although the specifics vary, this typically consists of three principal
    activities: (1) development of position papers by OMB staff on issues that
    are likely to be raised in OMB's fall reviews, such as administration
    program priorities, initiatives, or agency management, (2) preparation of
    the Mid-Session Review, which provides an update to the budget request
    pending before Congress and informs OMB's review of the departments'
    submissions in September, and (3) issuance of further guidance on the
    content, format, and deadlines for department budget submissions. From
    September through most of November, OMB conducts budget reviews--which can
    include department or agency hearings and requests for further
    information--that culminate in Director's Reviews. Director's Reviews are
    internal OMB sessions in which final decisions are usually made on what the
    President will request for departments and agencies. Departments are
    informed in late November of the outcome of these sessions and have a brief
    period to appeal. Once decisions are final, the departments and agencies
    conform their budget submissions accordingly. From December on, OMB and the
    agencies prepare the President's budget, which by law must be submitted to
    Congress between the first Monday in January and the first Monday in
    February. In recent years, the President's budget has been submitted on the
    first Monday in February. This marks the end of the executive branch budget
    formulation process in the budget cycle.

    Meanwhile, the congressional budget process begins in January with the
    Congressional Budget Office's [CBO] report on The Budget and Economic
    Outlook. Currently this outlook covers 10 years [in January 2001 the report
    covered fiscal years 2002-2011]. Shortly after the submission of the
    President's budget, the House and Senate Budget Committees begin the
    process of preparing a congressional budget resolution. This is a
    concurrent resolution containing the Congress' views on the appropriate
    level of spending and revenues--i.e. the appropriate fiscal position of the
    Government--and of broad funding priorities. The resolution allocates
    budgetary resources by budget function--such as national defense or
    transportation or education and training, et cetera. The reports
    accompanying the resolution (including the conference report) also identify
    allocations by committee, including the House and Senate Appropriations
    Committees. The Appropriations Committees then subdivide these resources
    among their 13 subcommittees to fund Federal Government operations and
    other activities under the Committees' jurisdiction. Agencies are required
    to submit to the relevant Appropriations subcommittees budget
    justifications consistent with the Presidents budget, but at a level of
    detail that meets the Appropriation subcommittee's needs.

    The Senate and House Appropriations subcommittees set up schedules for the
    hearing of departmental and agency officials, usually starting with the
    secretary of the department, with the subordinate heads of the agency
    following. All administration statements are submitted to OMB for clearance
    before being sent to the subcommittees; these statements, and the
    justifications of estimates, are examined by members and staff. The
    testimony, which is transcribed by an official reporter, is subsequently
    released by the committee. The House and Senate Appropriations hearings
    often occur during the same time frame.

    Hearings before the Senate Appropriations subcommittees are usually held in
    open session with the public invited. Under the normal practice, only
    matters involving national security are heard in executive session and,
    even then, an attempt is made to keep the public informed by releasing at
    the time of the hearing unclassified versions of the classified statements
    made by officials, and publishing at a later date ``cleared'' versions of
    the testimony. Because much of the committee's work involves information
    available only to the executive agencies, the preponderance of testimony is
    provided by officials of these agencies. However, representatives of other
    groups and informed individuals may appear before the committee, and their
    testimony is given due weight.

    In the 107th Congress, each of the 29 members of the Senate Committee on
    Appropriations is assigned to five or six subcommittees, although, in the
    past, members have sometimes been assigned to as many as eight
    subcommittees. Membership on the subcommittees currently ranges from 5 to
    19 regular members. Hearings on appropriations bills ranges from a minimum
    of a few days to a normal maximum of several weeks, although they may
    extend over a period of months, depending on the magnitude of the
    submission and the importance attached to the presentation. For many years
    the committee has usually made it a practice to review the budget requests
    in their entirety, as distinguished from considering only appeals from
    previous House action.

    The members of the subcommittees are experts in the areas over which they
    exercise authority. Their long tenure on the subcommittees, the interests
    of their States, their own national interests, and frequently their
    membership on related legislative committees provide them with a rich
    background of knowledge and experience, thus enabling them to deal
    skillfully with a wide variety of unique and recurring problems of
    National, State, or local import. This exacting and time-consuming work
    carried on by the members is in addition to their work on other committees,
    the necessity for their frequent floor appearances on other legislative
    matters, and the work they must accomplish in their own offices in
    connection with the requests and interests of their constituents.

    After the hearings, an appropriation bill is ``marked up'' by the
    subcommittee. That is, the subcommittee members make decisions about the
    levels of budget authority to be given to the entities under the
    subcommittee's jurisdiction. They also make any decisions about any
    restrictions or flexibilities they wish to provide regarding the use of
    appropriated funds. It is at this session that the members of the
    subcommittee decide the amounts to be provided in the bill for each segment
    of the particular executive agency under consideration. Subcommittee
    meetings, including mark-up sessions, are open to the general public,
    except when the subcommittee, in open session by majority vote, decides to
    close a meeting because discussions will involve national security, law
    enforcement agents or information, or other confidential or sensitive
    information. ``Committee prints'' of the bill and report are developed by
    the staff under the supervision of the subcommittee.

    These are then submitted to the full committee. At these executive
    sessions, the burden of proof no longer rests on the witnesses but upon the
    chairman of the subcommittee, the ranking minority member, and the other
    Senators on the subcommittee, who work together in the formulation of the
    policy of the subcommittee. This is normally accomplished in 1 day,
    although on occasion more time is required. Once the full committee has
    agreed to the items and amounts to be contained in the bill and report, the
    bill and report are transmitted to the parent body, House or Senate, as the
    case may be. The bill and report then are made available to all interested
    parties.

    Historically, it has been the custom for appropriation bills to be
    considered first in the House of Representatives, although there is no
    statutory or constitutional requirement for this procedure. Debate on the
    bills may be limited to a few hours or may last several days. If the House
    acts first, its bill is messaged over to the Senate, where it is referred
    to the Senate Committee on Appropriations. There it is studied by the
    subcommittee charged with the responsibility for the bill, and there, as
    previously described, the subcommittee takes such action and makes such
    changes as are deemed advisable. Customarily, the Senate subcommittee will
    hear testimony from witnesses, departmental or otherwise, on appeals from
    actions taken by the House, although there is no requirement that this be
    done. Action by the subcommittee, the full committee, and the full Senate
    is roughly comparable to consideration in the House with one major
    procedural exception. It has become the custom in the House for the Rules
    Committee to provide a special rule for the consideration of appropriations
    bills which may place limits on amendments to be considered on the House
    floor.

    Once both the House and the Senate have passed an appropriations bill, the
    two Houses must work out their differences. This is accomplished in a
    conference committee. Only such items as are in disagreement between the
    two Houses are considered to be in the scope of the conference. In recent
    years, the chairmanship of the conference has alternated between the two
    Houses.

    Conferees are appointed from the membership of the committee. The
    conference may be concluded in one session, but frequently several meetings
    are required before full agreement on all differences is reached. There is
    no rule as to the number of conferees. There have been generally between
    seven and nine conferees representing the Senate on appropriations bills,
    although in earlier years the number was typically smaller. Since action in
    conferences is decided on a unit basis, with one vote for each House, the
    number of conferees has no weight in the determination.

    After full agreement has been reached in conference, the results are
    presented to the House of Representatives. Once agreed upon there, the
    measure is sent to the Senate. Approval by both Houses on the conference
    agreements concludes congressional action on the bill.

    The bill is then messaged to the President for his approval. Once the
    President signs the bill, it becomes a public law.

    The third phase of the budget cycle, known as budget execution, begins once
    an appropriation act becomes law. Before funds provided in statutes are
    available to agencies for obligation, they must be apportioned by OMB. The
    apportionment process is a way of ensuring that agencies do not obligate
    funds in excess of levels provided in law. Apportionments control the rate
    at which budget authority is made available either by time period, by
    program or by activity. Typically, agency funding is appropriated by
    quarter--although not necessarily evenly divided--so that an agency can
    obligate only up to the amount available in the first quarter. At the
    beginning of the second quarter, additional budget authority becomes
    available as well as any amounts in the first quarter that were not
    obligated, and so on for the third and fourth quarters. OMB is responsible
    for reviewing and approving apportionment requests and making funds
    available to departments and agencies. Agencies are required to set up
    internal control systems that establish accountability for funds as they
    are allocated to subordinate entities and to periodically monitor
    obligations to ensure that they are made for authorized purposes and
    recorded properly.

    Occasionally, spending adjustments may be needed during the year; however
    they often require additional reporting and approval by OMB or the
    Congress. Spending adjustments after enactment of an appropriation may be
    made in several ways: First, while an agency may not transfer funds between
    two accounts unless specifically authorized by law (31 U.S.C. Sec. 1532),
    heads of departments or agencies are sometimes given authority in the
    appropriations act to transfer amounts at their discretion, usually up to a
    certain percentage, or subject to other limitations or restrictions.
    Second, agencies have inherent authority to reprogram funds from one
    purpose to another within the same appropriation account; however,
    reprogrammings above an established threshold usually require 15 days
    notification to the cognizant appropriations subcommittees. Third,
    departments may impound funds, that is, withhold funds from obligation.
    Impoundments include both deferrals--the temporary withdrawal of budget
    authority within a fiscal year--and rescissions--a permanent cancellation
    of budget authority. The Impoundment Control Act requires that all
    executive branch impoundments be reported to Congress in a special message
    from the President. Deferrals are effective when proposed and, generally
    speaking, the President may continue to withhold funds throughout the
    fiscal year unless Congress passes legislation disapproving the deferral. A
    deferral may not extend beyond the end of the fiscal year of fund
    availability. If the funds are multi-year, the deferral can be reproposed
    in the next fiscal year. Funds proposed for rescission may be withheld for
    45 days of continuous congressional session. If Congress has not approved
    the rescission during this 45-day period, the President must release the
    funds. The General Accounting Office is responsible for overseeing the
    President's compliance with the Impoundment Control Act and is also
    responsible for monitoring the status of impounded funds.

    Finally, a department may request supplemental funding, which must be
    approved by OMB before submitting the request to Congress for its
    consideration. For the most part, departments and agencies are expected to
    manage their funds within available resources with only limited monitoring
    by OMB and Congress during this phase of the budget process.
               Chairmen of the Senate Committee on Appropriations

      Name
      State
      Service as Chairman

      Lot M. Morrill (R)
      Maine
      Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 4, 1869.

      William Pitt Fessenden (R)
      Maine
      Mar. 4, 1869-Sep. 9, 1869.\1\

      Lot M. Morrill (R)
      Maine
      Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 4, 1871.

      Cornelius Cole (R)
      California
      Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 4, 1873.

      Lot M. Morrill (R)
      Maine
      Mar. 12, 1873-July 7, 1876.\2\

      William Windom (R)
      Minnesota
      Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 4, 1879.

      Henry G. Davis (D)
      West Virginia
      Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 4, 1881.

      William B. Allison (R)
      Iowa
      Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 4, 1893.

      Francis M. Cockrell (D)
      Missouri
      Mar. 15, 1893-Dec. 31, 1895.

      William B. Allison (R)
      Iowa
      Jan. 1, 1896-Aug. 4, 1908.\2\

      Eugene Hale (R)
      Maine
      Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911.

      Francis E. Warren (R)
      Wyoming
      Apr. 28, 1911-Mar. 15, 1913.

      Thomas S. Martin (D)
      Virginia
      Mar. 15, 1913-May 27, 1919.

      Francis E. Warren (R)
      Wyoming
      May 28, 1919-Nov. 24, 1929.\1\

      Wesley L. Jones (R)
      Washington
      Jan. 11, 1930-Nov. 30, 1932.\1\

      Frederick Hale (R)
      Maine
      Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 8, 1933.

      Carter Glass (D)
      Virginia
      Mar. 9, 1933-May 28, 1946.\1\

      Kenneth McKellar (D)
      Tennessee
      May 31, 1946-Jan. 6, 1947.

      Styles Bridges (R)
      New Hampshire
      Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949.

      Kenneth McKellar (D)
      Tennessee
      Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 3, 1953.

      Styles Bridges (R)
      New Hampshire
      Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 11, 1955.

      Carl Hayden (D)
      Arizona
      Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 3, 1969.

      Richard B. Russell (D)
      Georgia
      Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 21, 1971.\1\

      Allen J. Ellender (D)
      Louisiana
      Jan. 28, 1971-July 27, 1972.\1\

      John L. McClellan (D)
      Arkansas
      Aug. 2, 1972-Nov. 28, 1977.\1\

      Warren G. Magnuson (D)
      Washington
      Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 3, 1981.

      Mark O. Hatfield (R)
      Oregon
      Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 6, 1987.

      John C. Stennis (D)
      Mississippi
      Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 3, 1989.

      Robert C. Byrd (D)
      West Virginia
      Jan. 19, 1989-Jan. 4, 1995.

      Mark O. Hatfield (R)
      Oregon
      Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 7, 1997.

      Ted Stevens (R)
      Alaska
      Jan. 7, 1997-Jan. 3, 2001.\3\

      Robert C. Byrd (D)
      West Virginia
      Jan. 3, 2001-Jan. 20, 2001.\3\

      Name
      State
      Service as Chairman

      Ted Stevens (R)
      Alaska
      Jan. 20, 2001-June 6, 2001.

      Robert C. Byrd (D)
      West Virginia
      June 6, 2001-

    \1\ Died in office.
    \2\ Resigned from Senate.
    \3\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the Senate
    was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice President still
    serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President was available to
    break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the Senate for 17 days,
    from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the Senate adopted S. Res. 7
    designating Democratic Senators as committee chairmen to serve during
    this period and Republican chairmen to serve effective at noon on
    January 20, 2001.

                                 LOT M. MORRILL

                                    of Maine

                        Biographies of Committee Chairmen

                                 LOT M. MORRILL

      The first chairman of the Senate Committee on Appropriations, Lot M.
    Morrill, was the first of only two chairmen to serve three times in that
    position and the only one who, after retiring from the Senate, returned
    to fill the post.

      Born in Belgrade, ME in 1813, Morrill attended Waterville (now Colby)
    College, studied law, and moved to Augusta in 1841. He became Governor
    in 1858 after serving in the State senate and was elected as a
    Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1860 to fill a vacancy. On March 7,
    1867, he was appointed chairman of the Appropriations Committee and
    served until March 3, 1869, when he left the Senate to resume his law
    practice. That fall, after the death of William Pitt Fessenden of Maine,
    the second chairman of the Appropriations Committee, Morrill was
    appointed to the Senate to fill the vacancy. Once again, he was
    appointed to the committee and again was made chairman--contrary to the
    present practice under which seniority on the committee determines the
    chairmanship. He held the post from December 8, 1869, to March 4, 1871,
    when he left the committee but not the Senate. Morrill returned to the
    committee on December 6, 1872, and once more became chairman on March
    12, 1873, after Cornelius Cole, the third chairman, retired. He remained
    in the position until July 7, 1876, when he resigned to become Secretary
    of the Treasury. From 1877 until his death in 1883, Morrill served as
    collector of customs in Portland, ME.

      His brother, Abson P. Morrill, also from Maine, was a member of the
    U.S. House of Representatives.

       For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 13.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 15.

                             WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN

                                    of Maine

                             WILLIAM PITT FESSENDEN

      William Pitt Fessenden, a Republican of Maine, succeeded Lot Morrill
    as chairman, although he had not previously served on the committee. He
    occupied that position only from March 16, 1869, until he died on
    September 9, 1869.

      Born in Boscawen, NH, in 1806, Fessenden graduated from Bowdoin
    College in 1827, then studied law and practiced in various cities in
    Maine. After serving in the State house of representatives, he was
    elected to Congress as a Whig in 1841. Declining to become a candidate
    for reelection, he returned to the State house of representatives for
    several years before being elected as a Whig to the U.S. Senate, where
    he served from 1854 to 1864. He then resigned to become Secretary of the
    Treasury in the Cabinet of President Lincoln. In 1865 he was again
    elected to the Senate, this time as a Republican, and remained there
    until his death. He had the unusual distinction of serving in the Senate
    at the same time that his two brothers, also from Maine, were Members of
    the House of Representatives.

       For further reading: Jellison, Charles. Fessenden of Maine: Civil War
    Senator. Syracuse, NY, 1962.
       Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 6.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 7.

                                 CORNELIUS COLE

                                  of California

                                 CORNELIUS COLE

      Cornelius Cole, a Republican from California who had served on the
    committee for 4 years, became chairman on March 10, 1871, holding the
    position until his retirement from the Senate 2 years later.

      Born at Lodi, NY, in 1822, Cole attended Hobart College, and graduated
    from Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, in 1847. After studying and
    practicing law in Cayuga County, he went to California in 1849. There he
    worked a year in the gold mines, practiced law in San Francisco, and
    later moved to Sacramento and Santa Cruz. During the Civil War, he rose
    to the rank of captain in the Union Army. He was elected as a Union
    Republican to Congress in 1863 and to the Senate as a Republican 4 years
    later, serving from 1867 to 1873, when he retired and returned to
    California to practice law. He died in Hollywood in 1924.

       For further reading: Cole, Cornelius. Senator Cornelius Cole and the
    Beginning of Hollywood. Los Angeles, 1980.

                                 WILLIAM WINDOM

                                  of Minnesota

                                 WILLIAM WINDOM

      William Windom, a Republican of Minnesota, who served on the committee
    for the decade from 1871 to 1881, became chairman on December 6, 1876,
    and occupied the position until March 4, 1879.

      Born in Belmont County, OH, in 1827, Windom was educated there. As a
    young lawyer, he moved to Winona, MN, in 1855. Four years later, he was
    elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served until
    1869, when he was appointed to fill a Senate vacancy. Elected to the
    Senate in 1871, he served until March 4, 1881, then resigned to become
    Secretary of the Treasury under President James A. Garfield. After
    Garfield's death later that year, he again ran successfully for the
    Senate to fill the vacancy caused by his own resignation and served out
    his term until 1883, when he failed to be reelected. He then moved to
    New York City. In 1889, President Benjamin Harrison appointed Windom
    Secretary of the Treasury, and he remained in that post until his death
    in 1891.

       For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 20.
       Salisbury, Robert S. William Windom, Apostle of Positive Government.
    Lanham, MD, 1993.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 23.

                              HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS

                                of West Virginia

                              HENRY GASSAWAY DAVIS

      Henry Gassaway Davis, a Democrat of West Virginia, became chairman on
    March 19, 1879, and served in that position until March 4, 1881. The
    first Democratic chairman of Appropriations, he remained on the
    committee from 1873 until his retirement in 1883.

      Born in Woodstock, MD, in 1823, Davis worked successively as a farmer,
    railroader, and businessman, then became a banker, railroad builder, and
    mining executive in West Virginia. After terms in the West Virginia
    Legislature as delegate and senator, he was elected to the U.S. Senate
    in 1871, serving until 1883, when he declined to be a candidate for
    reelection. He then resumed his banking and railroad career. In 1904 he
    ran for Vice President on the unsuccessful Democratic ticket headed by
    Alton B. Parker. He died in 1916. Davis was the father-in-law of Stephen
    B. Elkins, a Senator from West Virginia; the grandfather of Davis
    Elkins, also a Senator from West Virginia; and the brother of Thomas
    Davis, a Representative from West Virginia.

       For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds.
    Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 5.
       Ross, Thomas Richard. Henry Gassaway Davis: An Old-Fashioned
    Biography. Parsons, WV, 1994.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 6.

                               WILLIAM B. ALLISON

                                     of Iowa

                               WILLIAM B. ALLISON

      William B. Allison, a Republican of Iowa, was chairman of the
    committee twice, from March 18, 1881, until March 4, 1893, and again
    from January 1, 1896, until his death on August 4, 1908. This combined
    record of more than 24 years exceeds that of any other Senate committee
    chairman. Allison served on the committee for all of his 35 years in the
    Senate.

      Born in Perry Township, Wayne (now Ashland) County, OH, in 1829,
    Allison attended Allegheny College, Meadville, PA, and graduated from
    Western Reserve College at Hudson (now Cleveland), OH. Admitted to the
    bar in 1852, he practiced law in Iowa until 1861, when he accepted a
    commission as lieutenant colonel in the Union Army. In 1863 he was
    elected to the House of Representatives, declining to run again after
    serving four terms. After practicing law in Dubuque for a short period,
    he was elected to the Senate in 1872, serving from March 4, 1873, until
    his death in 1908.

       For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York: 1946. Vol. 1.
       Sage, Leland. William Boyd Allison: A Study in Practical Politics.
    Iowa City, IA, 1956.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 1.

                             FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL

                                   of Missouri

                             FRANCIS MARION COCKRELL

      Francis Marion Cockrell, a Democrat from Missouri, became chairman on
    March 15, 1893, and served until December 31, 1895. He remained on the
    committee for 24 years, from 1881 to 1905.

      Born in Johnson County, MO, in 1834, Cockrell graduated from Chapel
    Hill College in Lafayette County, MO, in 1853, then studied and
    practiced law until he volunteered for the Confederate Army. Rising to
    the rank of brigadier general, Cockrell was captured at Fort Blakeley,
    AL, and after being paroled in 1865, returned to the practice of law. He
    served 30 years in the U.S. Senate, from March 4, 1875, to March 3,
    1905. A member of the Interstate Commerce Commission from 1905 to 1910,
    Cockrell, in 1911, became a U.S. commissioner to reestablish the
    boundary line between Texas and New Mexico. He died in 1915.

       For further reading: Johnson, Allen, ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 4.
       Cockrell, Francis. The Senator from Missouri: The Life and Times of
    Francis Marion Cockrell. New York, 1962.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 5.

                                   EUGENE HALE

                                    of Maine

                                   EUGENE HALE

      Eugene Hale, a Republican of Maine, became chairman on March 22, 1909,
    and served until March 4, 1911. He remained on the committee for all of
    his 30 years in the Senate, from 1881 to 1911.

      Born in Turner, ME, in 1836, Hale was admitted to the bar in 1857.
    After three terms in the State house of representatives, he won election
    to the U.S. House of Representatives, where he served from 1869 to 1879.
    Defeated for a sixth House term, Hale ran successfully for the U.S.
    Senate in 1880 and served from March 4, 1881, to March 3, 1911. After
    retiring from the Senate, he became a member of the National Monetary
    Commission. He died in 1918. Eugene Hale was the father of Frederick
    Hale, also a Senator from Maine and chairman of the committee.

       For further reading: Johnson, Allen, and Dumas Malone, eds.
    Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 8.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 9.

                                FRANCIS E. WARREN

                                   of Wyoming

                                FRANCIS E. WARREN

      Francis E. Warren, a Republican of Wyoming, served twice as chairman,
    from April 28, 1911, to March 15, 1913, and again from May 28, 1919,
    until his death on November 24, 1929. He remained a committee member for
    30 years, from 1899 to 1929.

      Born in Hinsdale, MA, in 1844, Warren, who enlisted as a private in
    the Civil War, won the Congressional Medal of Honor for gallantry on the
    battlefield at the siege of Port Hudson. He is the only recipient of
    that award to serve as chairman of the committee. Warren moved to
    Wyoming (then a part of the Territory of Dakota) in 1868, where he
    engaged in various business enterprises in Cheyenne. From 1873 to 1890,
    he held a number of elective and appointive positions, including
    membership in the Territorial senate, of which he became president.
    Twice appointed Governor of the Territory of Wyoming, Warren was elected
    in 1890 as the new State's first Governor. He resigned that same year
    after being elected to the U.S. Senate, where he served until 1893. He
    again won election to the Senate in 1895 and served until his death 34
    years later. Funeral services were held for Warren in the Senate
    chamber.

       For further reading: Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. 1935. Reprint. New York, 1946. Vol. 19.
       Schulp, Leonard. ``A Taft Republican: Senator Francis E. Warren and
    National Politics.'' Annals of Wyoming 54 (Fall 1982).

                                THOMAS S. MARTIN

                                   of Virginia

                                THOMAS S. MARTIN

      Thomas S. Martin, a Democrat from Virginia, became chairman on March
    15, 1913, and held the position until May 27, 1919. He was a committee
    member from 1910 to 1919.

      Born in Scottsville, VA, in 1847, Martin attended the Virginia
    Military Institute at Lexington and the University of Virginia. While he
    was enrolled in the Virginia Military Institute, he served the
    Confederacy with a battalion of cadets. Admitted to the bar in 1869,
    Martin practiced law until his election to the U.S. Senate in 1893,
    where he remained until his death on November 12, 1919. Before becoming
    chairman of the Appropriations Committee, Martin served as chairman of
    the Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia and
    the Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine. He chaired the
    Democratic Caucus, 1911-13 and 1917-19.

       For further reading: Holt, Wythe W., Jr. ``The Senator from Virginia
    and the Democratic Floor Leadership: Thomas S. Martin and Conservatism
    in the Progressive Era.'' Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 83
    (January 1975).
       Malone, Dumas, ed. Dictionary of American Biography. 1935. Reprint.
    New York, 1946. Vol. 12.

                                 WESLEY L. JONES

                                  of Washington

                                 WESLEY L. JONES

      Wesley L. Jones, a Republican from Washington, became chairman on
    January 11, 1930, serving in the post until he died on November 19,
    1932. He was a committee member for 19 years, until 1932.

      Born in Bethany, IL, in 1863, Jones taught school, and graduated from
    Southern Illinois College in 1885. Admitted to the bar the following
    year, Jones moved to North Yakima, WA, in 1889, where he continued the
    practice of law. After spending a decade in the U.S. House of
    Representatives from 1899 to 1909, Jones won election to the U.S. Senate
    in 1908.

       For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds.
    American National Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 12.

                                 FREDERICK HALE

                                    of Maine

                                 FREDERICK HALE

      Frederick Hale, a Republican of Maine, served as chairman from
    December 8, 1932, to March 8, 1933, and remained on the committee for
    nearly 22 years, from May 1919 to January 1941.

      Born in Detroit, MI, in 1874, Hale graduated from Harvard University,
    and attended Columbia Law School. He began the practice of law in
    Portland, ME, in 1899, and served briefly in the State house of
    representatives. Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1916, he served for more
    than 23 years, from March 4, 1917, to January 2, 1941, when he retired.
    Hale and his father, Eugene Hale, were the only father-son pair to both
    chair the Senate Committee on Appropriations. Hale was also the fourth
    Maine Senator to serve as chairman of the committee, no other State
    having produced more than two chairmen.

       For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American
    Biography. Supplement 7. New York, 1981.

                                  CARTER GLASS

                                   of Virginia

                                  CARTER GLASS

      Carter Glass, a Democrat of Virginia, became chairman on March 9,
    1933, and served for 13 years until he died on May 28, 1946. He was a
    member of the committee for 26 years, from 1920 until his death.

      Born in Lynchburg, VA, in 1858, Glass attended public and private
    schools, then went to work in a printing office, rising to become editor
    and owner of two newspapers. Glass served in the State senate from 1899
    to 1903 before winning election to the U.S. House of Representatives,
    where he remained from 1902 to 1918. He then resigned to become
    Secretary of the Treasury, serving until 1920, when he was appointed to
    the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy. Glass spent the rest of his life in
    the Senate. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, Glass served
    as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department.
    During the 77th and 78th Congresses, Glass also served as Senate
    President pro tempore.

       For further reading: Garraty, John A. and Edward T. James, eds.
    Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 4, 1974.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 9.

                               KENNETH D. McKELLAR

                                  of Tennessee

                               KENNETH D. McKELLAR

      Kenneth D. McKellar, a Democrat from Tennessee, served twice as
    chairman, from May 31, 1946, to January 6, 1947, and again from January
    10, 1949, to January 3, 1953. He was a committee member for almost 30
    years, from December 1923 to January 1953.

      Born in Richmond, AL, in 1869, McKeller graduated from the University
    of Alabama in 1891. Receiving a law degree the following year, he moved
    to Memphis, TN, and commenced the practice of law. Elected to the U.S.
    House of Representatives, he served there from 1911 to 1917, when he was
    elected to the U.S. Senate. He remained in the Senate for 36 years, from
    1917 to 1953. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, McKellar
    served as chairman of the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment
    and the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. During the 79th, 81st,
    and 82d Congresses, McKellar served as Senate President pro tempore. He
    died in 1957.

       For further reading: Garraty, John A. Dictionary of American
    Biography. Supplement 6. New York, 1980.

                                 STYLES BRIDGES

                                of New Hampshire

                                 STYLES BRIDGES

      Styles Bridges, a Republican of New Hampshire, served as chairman of
    the committee on two different occasions, first from January 6, 1947, to
    January 10, 1949, and again from January 13, 1953, to January 11, 1955.
    He was a committee member for his entire 24 years in the Senate, from
    1937 until he died on November 26, 1961.

      Born in West Pembroke, ME, in 1898, Bridges graduated from the
    University of Maine in 1918. After a career as teacher, editor, and
    banker, he became Governor of New Hampshire in 1934. He was elected to
    the U.S. Senate in 1936 and, in the course of his Senate service,
    Bridges also chaired the Joint Committee on Foreign Economic
    Cooperation, the Joint Committee on Inaugural Arrangements, and the
    Republican Policy Committee. During the 83d Congress, Bridges was Senate
    President pro tempore.

       For further reading: Garraty, John A., ed. Dictionary of American
    Biography. Supplement 7. New York, 1981.
       Kiepper, James. Styles Bridges: Yankee Senator. Sugar Hill, NH, 2001.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 3.

                                   CARL HAYDEN

                                   of Arizona

                                 CARL T. HAYDEN

      Carl T. Hayden, Democrat of Arizona, was chairman of the committee for
    14 years, from January 11, 1955, until January 3, 1969. He became a
    committee member on December 13, 1927, and remained on the committee
    during all of his almost 42 years in the Senate.

      Born at Hayden's Ferry (now Tempe), AZ, in 1877, Hayden graduated from
    the Normal School of Arizona in 1896 and from Stanford University in
    1900. After engaging in the flour-milling business, he was elected
    treasurer of Maricopa County in 1904 and became sheriff in 1907. With
    Arizona's admission as a State in 1912, Hayden won election to the U.S.
    House of Representatives, serving until 1927. In 1926 he was elected to
    the U.S. Senate, where he remained until January 3, 1969. In the course
    of his Senate service, Hayden also chaired a number of other committees,
    including the Committee on Rules and Administration, the Joint Committee
    on Printing, and the Joint Committee on Inaugural Arrangements. During
    every Congress from the 85th through the 90th, Hayden served as
    President pro tempore of the Senate. His combined service of nearly 57
    years in both the House and Senate is the longest congressional service
    in history. Hayden died in 1972.

       For further reading: Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe and Arnold
    Markoe, eds. Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York,
    1994.
       Rice, Ross R. Carl Hayden: Builder of the American West. Lanham, MD,
    1994.
       August, Jack. Vision in the Desert. Fort Worth, TX, 1999.

                               RICHARD B. RUSSELL

                                   of Georgia

                               RICHARD B. RUSSELL

      A Democrat from Georgia, Richard B. Russell was elected chairman of
    the committee on January 14, 1969, and served in the post until he died
    on January 21, 1971. He was a member of the Appropriations Committee for
    all of his 38 years in the Senate.

      Born in Winder, Barrow County, GA, on November 2, 1897, Russell
    attended the public schools of Georgia and graduated from the Seventh
    District Agricultural and Mechanical School, Powder Springs, GA, in
    1914; from Gordon Institute, Barnesville, GA, in 1915; and from the law
    department of the University of Georgia at Athens in 1918. Russell then
    practiced law, served for 10 years in the State house of
    representatives, and won election as Governor. On January 12, 1933, he
    was elected to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy and served until his
    death. During the 91st and 92d Congresses, he served as President pro
    tempore of the Senate. Russell chaired the Senate Armed Services
    Committee for 16 years from 1951 to 1969, except for the period 1953-55.
    He gave up that position to take the Appropriations chairmanship.

       For further reading: Fite, Gilbert C. Richard B. Russell, Jr.,
    Senator from Georgia. Chapel Hill, NC, 1991.
       Goldsmith, John A. Colleagues: Richard B. Russell and His Apprentice,
    Lyndon B. Johnson. Washington, DC, 1993.

                                ALLEN J. ELLENDER

                                  of Louisiana

                                ALLEN J. ELLENDER

      Allen J. Ellender, a Democrat from Louisiana, became chairman of the
    committee on January 28, 1971, and served until he died on July 27,
    1972. He was a committee member for 23 years, from 1949 to 1972.

      Born on September 24, 1890, in Montegut, Terrebonne Parish, LA,
    Ellender attended public and private schools, graduated from St.
    Aloysius College, New Orleans, in 1909 and from the law department of
    Tulane University in 1913, then practiced law in Houma, LA. After a
    dozen years in the State house of representatives, Ellender in 1936 won
    election to the U.S. Senate and served there for 35 years until his
    death. Before chairing the Appropriations Committee, Ellender served as
    chairman of the Committee on Claims and the Committee on Agriculture and
    Forestry. He also served as President pro tempore of the Senate during
    the 92d Congress.

       For further reading: Becnel, Thomas A. Senator Allen Ellender of
    Louisiana: A Biography. Baton Rouge, LA, 1996.
       Jackson, Kenneth T., Karen E. Markoe, and Arnold Markoe, eds.
    Dictionary of American Biography. Supplement 9. New York, 1994.

                                JOHN L. McCLELLAN

                                   of Arkansas

                                JOHN L. McCLELLAN

      John L. McClellan, a Democrat from Arkansas, who had been on the
    committee for 28 years, became chairman on August 2, 1972, and served
    until he died on November 28, 1977.

      Born in Sheridan, Grant County, AR, on February 25, 1896, McClellan
    studied law and gained admission to the bar in 1913 at the age of 17. He
    then practiced law, served in the U.S. Army during World War I, and
    became prosecuting attorney of the seventh judicial district of Arkansas
    from 1927-30. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1934, he
    served until 1939, then resumed the practice of law until winning
    election to the Senate in 1942. He remained there for 34 years until his
    death. McClellan chaired the Senate Government Operations Committee for
    18 years before becoming Appropriations chairman.

       For further reading: U.S. Congress. Memorial Services Held in the
    Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Together with
    Remarks Presented in Eulogy of John L. McClellan, Late a Senator from
    Arkansas. 95th Cong., 1st sess., Washington, DC, 1978.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 14.

                               WARREN G. MAGNUSON

                                  of Washington

                               WARREN G. MAGNUSON

      Warren G. Magnuson, a Democrat from Washington, became chairman on
    January 27, 1978, and served until January 3, 1981. He was a member of
    the committee for 28 years from 1953 until 1981.

      Born in Moorhead, Clay County, MN, on April 12, 1905, Magnuson
    attended the public schools, the University of North Dakota at Grand
    Forks, and North Dakota State College. He graduated from the University
    of Washington in 1926 and from the law school in 1929. After gaining
    admission to the bar that same year, he practiced law in Seattle, WA.
    During the 1930's, Magnuson served as prosecuting attorney for King
    County, WA, as U.S. district attorney, and as a member of the State
    house of representatives. He served in the U.S. Navy during World War
    II, attaining the rank of lieutenant commander. From 1937 to 1944, he
    was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives and was then appointed
    to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy. Winning election to the seat, he
    remained in the Senate for 37 years until 1981. For more than 20 years,
    from 1955 to 1978, Magnuson chaired the committee that was variously
    known as Interstate and Foreign Commerce; Commerce; and Commerce,
    Science and Transportation, before becoming chairman of the
    Appropriations Committee. From 1979 to 1981, Magnuson was President pro
    tempore of the Senate. He died on May 20, 1989.

       For further reading: Scates, Shelby. Warren G. Magnuson and the
    Shaping of Twentieth Century America. Seattle, WA, 1997.
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 14.

                                MARK O. HATFIELD

                                    of Oregon

                                MARK O. HATFIELD

      Mark O. Hatfield, a Republican from Oregon, served as chairman from
    1981 to 1987 and again from 1995 to 1997. He was a member of the
    committee for nearly 25 years from February 1972 to January 1997.

      Born on July 12, 1922, in Dallas, OR, Hatfield graduated from
    Willamette University in 1943 and received an A.M. degree from Stanford
    University in 1948. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Navy in
    the Pacific as a lieutenant (jg.). From 1949 to 1956, Hatfield taught
    political science at Willamette University, where he also served as dean
    of students. A member of the State house of representatives and later
    the State senate, Hatfield became Secretary of State in 1956. He served
    as Governor of Oregon from 1958 to 1966, then won election to the U.S.
    Senate, where he served for 30 years until his retirement in 1997.

       For further reading: Eels, Robert, and Bartell Nyberg. Lonely Walk:
    The Life of Senator Mark Hatfield. Chappaqua, NY, 1979.
       Hatfield, Mark O. Against the Grain: Reflections of a Rebel
    Republican. Ashland, OR, 2000.

                                 JOHN C. STENNIS

                                 of Mississippi

                                 JOHN C. STENNIS

      John C. Stennis, Democrat from Mississippi, served as chairman from
    1987 to 1989. He was a member of the committee for 34 years from 1955 to
    1989.

      Born in Kemper County, MS, on August 3, 1901, Stennis graduated from
    Mississippi State University in 1923 and received his law degree from
    the University of Virginia Law School in 1928. That same year, he gained
    admission to the bar and won election to the State house of
    representatives. From 1932 to 1937, he served as district prosecuting
    attorney and then for 10 years, from 1937 to 1947, as circuit judge. In
    1947 Stennis won election to the U.S. Senate to fill a vacancy and
    served for the next 41 years until his retirement in 1989. He chaired
    the Armed Services Committee for 11 years, from 1969 to 1980, and was
    President pro tempore of the Senate from 1987 to 1989. After his
    retirement from the Senate, Stennis moved to the Mississippi State
    University campus in Starkville, which also is the home of the John C.
    Stennis Institute of Government and the Stennis Center for Public
    Service. He died April 23, 1995.

       For further reading: Downs, Michael Scott. ``Advice and Consent: John
    Stennis and the Vietnam War, 1954-1973.'' Journal of Mississippi History
    55 (May 1993).
       Garraty, John A. and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National
    Biography. New York, 1999. Vol. 20.

                                 ROBERT C. BYRD

                                of West Virginia

                            ROBERT C. BYRD (Chairman)

      Robert C. Byrd, a Democrat from West Virginia, has served on the
    Appropriations Committee longer than any other Senator in history. He
    joined the committee in 1959, the year he began his Senate career, and
    has remained on the committee for all of his years in the Senate. In
    1989, he became the 29th chairman of the Appropriations Committee,
    serving until 1995. On January 3, 2001, he became the 32d chairman of
    the committee, serving until January 20, 2001,\1\ and on June 6, 2001,
    he became the 34th chairman of the committee. He is the second Senator
    from West Virginia to serve as chairman of the Senate Appropriations
    Committee.\2\

      Born in North Wilkesboro, NC, on November 20, 1917, Byrd attended West
    Virginia public schools and Beckley College, Concord College, Morris
    Harvey College, and Marshall College, all in West Virginia, and George
    Washington University Law School. He graduated from American University
    Law School, cum laude, in 1963. After serving in the West Virginia House
    of Delegates from 1946 to 1950 and in the West Virginia Senate from 1950
    to 1952, Byrd, in 1952, won election to the U.S. House of
    Representatives, where he remained until his election to the U.S. Senate
    in 1958. In the Senate, he has held a series of leadership positions,
    including secretary of the Democratic Conference from 1967 to 1971 and
    majority whip from 1971 to 1977. In 1977 Byrd became Senate Democratic
    leader, a post he held for 12 years, as majority leader from 1977 to
    1981 and again from 1987 to 1989, and as minority leader from 1981 to
    1987. He has served as President pro tempore of the Senate from 1989 to
    1995, January 3 to January 20, 2001, and from June 2001 to the
    present.\3\ He served in more leadership positions in the U.S. Senate
    than any other Senator of any party in Senate history. And in May 2001,
    Senator Byrd received what he considers his greatest honor when Governor
    Bob Wise and the West Virginia Legislature presented him with the ``West
    Virginian of the 20th Century'' award.

       \1\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the
    Senate was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice
    President still serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President
    was available to break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the
    Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the
    Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic Senators as committee
    chairmen to serve during this period and Republican chairmen to serve
    effective at noon on January 20, 2001.
       \2\ The first was Henry Gassaway Davis, who served as chairman from
    1879 to 1881.
       \3\ Democrats controlled the Senate from January 3 to January 20,
    2001, due to the potential tie-breaking vote of Vice President Gore;
    Senator Byrd served during that period. Republicans regained controlled
    of the Senate starting January 20, 2001, due to the potential tie-
    breaking vote of Vice President Cheney; at that point, Senator Thurmond
    again became President pro tempore. Both were elected with a single
    resolution on January 3, 2001.

       For further reading: Byrd, Robert C. The Senate, 1789-1989: Addresses
    on the History of the United States Senate. Vol. 2, Washington, DC,
    1991. Chapters 25-28.

                                   TED STEVENS

                                    of Alaska

                            THEODORE F. (TED) STEVENS

      Ted Stevens, a Republican from Alaska, served as chairman from January
    1997 to January 3, 2001, and from January 20, 2001 to June 6, 2001.\1\
    He has been a member of the Appropriations Committee since 1972.

      Born in Indianapolis, IN, on November 18, 1923, Stevens attended
    Oregon State College and Montana State College, and graduated from the
    University of California, Los Angeles, in 1947. He graduated from
    Harvard Law School in 1950 and was admitted to the bar the same year.
    During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He served as
    assistant to the Secretary of the Interior in 1958, and chief counsel,
    Department of the Interior, 1960. After being elected to the Alaska
    House of Representatives in 1964, and reelected in 1966, he was chosen
    to serve as the speaker pro tempore and majority leader of that body. He
    was appointed as a Republican to the United States Senate, December 24,
    1968, and subsequently elected on November 3, 1970, and reelected in
    1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, and 1996. He served as the Senate Republican
    Whip from 1977 to 1985, and as chairman of the Republican Senatorial
    Campaign Committee (1974-77). He has also served on the Commerce,
    Science and Transportation Committee (1971-79 and 1981 to present); the
    Post Office and Civil Service Committee (1969-77) which became part of
    the Governmental Affairs Committee (1977-present), of which he has
    served as chairman (1995-96). He also served on the Committee on Rules
    and Administration (1971-72 and 1985 to present), of which he was the
    ranking member from 1987-94. He has also served on the Energy and
    Natural Resources Committee (1979-81), and on the following select
    committees: Small Business (1989-93), Ethics (1983-85 and 1993), and
    Intelligence (1993-94).

       \1\ At the beginning of the 107th Congress, in January 2001, the
    Senate was evenly divided. With a Democratic President and Vice
    President still serving until January 20, the Democratic Vice President
    was available to break a tie, and the Democrats thus controlled the
    Senate for 17 days, from January 3 to January 20. On January 3, the
    Senate adopted S. Res. 7 designating Democratic Senators as committee
    chairmen to serve during this period and Republican chairmen to serve
    effective at noon on January 20, 2001.
                           Membership of the Committee

    (BY CONGRESS AND SESSION)

    (For party affiliations, see sections: ``Members of the Committee by State
    and Term of Service,'' and ``Alphabetical Listings of Members of the
    Committee.''; dashes indicated vacancy)

    Fortieth Congress

    First session--March 4, 1867-December 2, 1867

    Second session--December 2, 1867-November 10, 1868

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    James Guthrie

    James W. Grimes

    Timothy O. Howe

    Henry Wilson

    Cornelius Cole

    Roscoe Conkling

    Third session--December 7, 1868-March 3, 1869

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    Charles R. Buckalew

    James W. Grimes

    Timothy O. Howe

    Henry Wilson

    Cornelius Cole

    Roscoe Conkling

    Forty-first Congress

    First session--March 4, 1869-April 10, 1869

    Special session--April 12, 1869-April 22, 1869

    William Pitt Fessenden, \1\ chairman

    John P. Stockton

    James W. Grimes

    Henry Wilson

    Cornelius Cole

    William Sprague

    Frederick A. Sawyer

    \1\ Deceased September 8, 1869.

    Second session--December 6, 1869-July 15, 1870

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    John P. Stockton

    Henry Wilson

    Cornelius Cole

    William Sprague

    Frederick A. Sawyer

    John Pool

    Third session--December 5, 1870-March 3, 1871

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    John P. Stockton

    Cornelius Cole

    George Edmunds

    William Sprague

    Frederick A. Sawyer

    John Pool

    Forty-second Congress

    First session--March 4, 1871-April 20, 1871

    Special session--May 10, 1871-May 27, 1871

    Second session--December 4, 1871-June 10, 1872

    Cornelius Cole, chairman

    John W. Stevenson

    William Sprague

    Frederick A. Sawyer

    George F. Edmunds

    William Windom

    J. Rodman West

    Third session--December 2, 1872-March 3, 1873

    Cornelius Cole, chairman

    John W. Stevenson

    William Sprague

    Frederick A. Sawyer

    Lot M. Morrill

    William Windom

    J. Rodman West

    Forty-third Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1873-March 26, 1873

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    John W. Stevenson

    William Sprague

    Henry G. Davis

    William Windom

    J. Rodman West

    Adelbert Ames

    Aaron A. Sargent

    William B. Allison

    First session--December 1, 1873-June 23, 1874

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    John W. Stevenson

    William Sprague

    Henry G. Davis

    William Windom

    J. Rodman West

    Adelbert Ames \1\

    Aaron A. Sargent

    William B. Allison

    Stephen W. Dorsey \2\

    \1\ Resigned from Senate January 10, 1874.
    \2\ Appointed February 13, 1874.

    Second session--December 7, 1874-March 3, 1875

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    John W. Stevenson

    William Sprague

    Henry G. Davis

    William Windom

    J. Rodman West

    Aaron A. Sargent

    William B. Allison

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    Forty-fourth Congress

    Special session--March 5, 1875-March 24, 1875

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman

    Henry G. Davis

    William Windom

    William W. Eaton \1\

    J. Rodman West

    William A. Wallace

    Aaron A. Sargent

    Robert E. Withers \2\

    William B. Allison

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    \1\ Excused March 19, 1875.
    \2\ Appointed March 19, 1875.

    First session--December 6, 1875-August 15, 1876

    Lot M. Morrill, chairman \1\

    Henry G. Davis

    William Windom

    Robert E. Withers

    J. Rodman West

    William A. Wallace

    Aaron A. Sargent

    William B. Allison

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    \1\ Resigned from Senate July 7, 1876.

    Second session--December 4, 1876-March 3, 1877

    William Windom, chairman \1\

    Henry G. Davis

    J. Rodman West

    Robert E. Withers

    Aaron A. Sargent

    William A. Wallace

    William B. Allison

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    James G. Blaine

    \1\ Appointed December 6, 1876.

    Forty-fifth Congress

    Special session--March 5, 1877-March 17, 1877

    First session--October 15, 1877-December 3, 1877

    Second session--December 3, 1877-June 20, 1878

    William Windom, chairman

    Henry G. Davis

    Aaron A. Sargent

    Robert E. Withers

    William B. Allison

    W.W. Eaton

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    James B. Beck

    James G. Blaine

    Third session--December 2, 1878-March 3, 1879

    William Windom, chairman

    Henry G. Davis

    Aaron A. Sargent

    Robert E. Withers

    William B. Allison

    William W. Eaton \1\

    Stephen W. Dorsey

    James B. Beck

    James G. Blaine

    William A. Wallace \2\

    \1\ Excused December 5, 1878.
    \2\ Appointed December 5, 1878.

    Forty-sixth Congress

    First session--March 18, 1879-July 1, 1879

    Second session--December 1, 1879-June 16, 1880

    Third session--December 6, 1880-March 3, 1881

    Henry G. Davis, chairman

    William Windom

    Robert E. Withers

    William B. Allison

    James B. Beck

    James G. Blaine

    William A. Wallace

    Newton Booth

    William W. Eaton

    Forty-seventh Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1881-May 20, 1881

    Special session (2)--October 10, 1881-October 29, 1881

    First session--December 5, 1881-August 8, 1882

    Second session--December 4, 1882-March 3, 1883

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Henry G. Davis

    James G. Blaine \1\

    James B. Beck

    John A. Logan

    Matt W. Ransom

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Eugene Hale

    \1\ Resigned from Senate March 5, 1881.

    Forty-eighth Congress

    First session--December 3, 1883-July 7, 1884

    Second session--December 4, 1884-November 3, 1885

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    John A. Logan

    Matt W. Ransom

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Forty-ninth Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1885-April 2, 1885

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    William Mahone

    First session--December 7, 1885-August 5, 1886

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    William Mahone

    John A. Logan \1\

    \1\ Appointed December 14, 1885.

    Second session--December 6, 1886-March 3, 1887

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    William Mahone

    John A. Logan \1\

    \1\ Deceased December 26, 1886.

    Fiftieth Congress

    First session--December 5, 1887-October 20, 1888

    Second session--December 3, 1888-March 3, 1889

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Charles B. Farwell

    Fifty-first Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1889-April 2, 1889

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Charles B. Farwell

    First session--December 2, 1889-October 1, 1890

    William B. Allison, chairman

    James B. Beck \1\

    Henry L. Dawes

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Preston B. Plumb

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Charles B. Farwell

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn \2\

    \1\ Deceased May 3, 1890.
    \2\ Appointed May 27, 1890.

    Second session--December 1, 1890-March 3, 1891

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Henry L. Dawes

    Wilkinson Call

    Preston B. Plumb

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Eugene Hale

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn

    Charles B. Farwell

    Fifty-second Congress

    First session--December 7, 1891-August 5, 1892

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Henry L. Dawes

    Wilkinson Call

    Preston B. Plumb \1\

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Eugene Hale

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn

    Shelby M. Cullom

    William M. Stewart

    \1\ Deceased December 20, 1891.

    Second session--December 5, 1892-March 3, 1893

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Henry L. Dawes

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn

    William M. Stewart

    Fifty-third Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1893-April 14, 1893

    First session--August 7, 1893-November 3, 1893

    Second session--December 4, 1893-August 28, 1894

    Third session--December 3, 1894-March 3, 1895

    Francis M. Cockrell

    William B. Allison

    Wilkinson Call

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn

    Henry M. Teller

    Calvin S. Brice

    Fifty-fourth Congress

    First session--December 2, 1895-June 11, 1896

    Second session--December 7, 1896-March 3, 1897

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Wilkinson Call

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Henry M. Teller

    Joseph C.S. Blackburn

    Matthew S. Quay

    Calvin S. Brice

    Richard F. Pettigrew

    Charles J. Faulkner

    George C. Perkins

    Fifty-fifth Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1897-March 10, 1897

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Charles J. Faulkner

    Henry M. Teller

    Matthew S. Quay

    Richard F. Pettigrew

    George C. Perkins

    First session--March 15, 1897-July 24, 1897

    Second session--December 6, 1897-July 8, 1898

    Third session--December 5, 1898-March 3, 1899

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Arthur P. Gorman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Henry M. Teller

    Matthew S. Quay

    Charles J. Faulkner

    George C. Perkins

    Richard F. Pettigrew

    William J. Sewell

    James H. Berry

    Edward Murphy, Jr.

    Fifty-sixth Congress

    First session--December 4, 1899-June 7, 1900

    Second session--December 3, 1900-March 3, 1901

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Richard F. Pettigrew

    George C. Perkins

    James H. Berry

    William J. Sewell

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    George P. Wetmore

    Thomas H. Carter

    Fifty-seventh Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1901-March 9, 1901

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    William J. Sewell

    Francis E. Warren

    George P. Wetmore

    First session--December 2, 1901-July 1, 1902

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    William J. Sewell \1\

    John W. Daniel

    Francis E. Warren

    George P. Wetmore

    Matthew S. Quay

    James McMillan \2\

    \1\ Deceased December 27, 1901.
    \2\ Appointed February 7, 1902; deceased August 10, 1902.

    Second session--December 1, 1902-March 3, 1903

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    John W. Daniel

    George P. Wetmore

    Matthew S. Quay

    Fifty-eighth Congress

    Special session--March 5, 1903-March 19, 1903

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    John W. Daniel

    George P. Wetmore

    Matthew S. Quay

    First session--November 9, 1903-December 7, 1903

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    John W. Daniel

    George P. Wetmore

    Matthew S. Quay

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Second session--December 7, 1903-April 28, 1904

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    John W. Daniel

    George P. Wetmore

    Matthew S. Quay \1\

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    \1\ Deceased May 28, 1904.

    Third session--December 5, 1904-March 3, 1905

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Francis M. Cockrell

    Eugene Hale

    Henry M. Teller

    Shelby M. Cullom

    James H. Berry

    George C. Perkins

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Francis E. Warren

    John W. Daniel

    George P. Wetmore

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    Fifty-ninth Congress

    Special session--March 14-18, 1905

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Henry M. Teller

    Eugene Hale

    James H. Berry

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    John W. Daniel

    Francis E. Warren

    George P. Wetmore

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    First session--December 4, 1905-June 30, 1906

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Henry M. Teller

    Eugene Hale

    James H. Berry

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    John W. Daniel

    Francis E. Warren

    Arthur P. Gorman \1\

    George P. Wetmore

    Alexander S. Clay \2\

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    \1\ Deceased June 4, 1906.
    \2\ Appointed June 21, 1906.

    Second session--December 3, 1906-March 3, 1907

    William B. Allison, chairman

    Henry M. Teller

    Eugene Hale

    James H. Berry

    Shelby M. Cullom

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    John W. Daniel

    Francis E. Warren

    Alexander S. Clay

    George P. Wetmore

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    Sixtieth Congress

    First session--December 2, 1907-May 30, 1908

    William B. Allison, chairman \1\

    Henry M. Teller

    Eugene Hale

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    John W. Daniel

    George C. Perkins

    Alexander S. Clay

    Francis E. Warren

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    Redfield Proctor \2\

    James A. Hemenway

    \1\ Deceased August 4, 1908.
    \2\ Deceased March 4, 1908.

    Second session--December 7, 1908-March 3, 1909

    ------ ------

    Henry M. Teller

    Eugene Hale \1\

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    John W. Daniel

    George C. Perkins

    Alexander S. Clay

    Francis E. Warren

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    James A. Hemenway

    ------ ------

    Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

    \1\ Acting chairman.

    Sixty-first Congress

    Special session--March 4-6, 1909

    Eugene Hale, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Shelby M. Cullom

    John W. Daniel

    George C. Perkins

    Alexander S. Clay

    Francis E. Warren

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Stephen B. Elkins

    First session--March 15, 1909-August 5, 1909

    Eugene Hale, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    John W. Daniel

    Francis E. Warren

    Alexander S. Clay

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Murphy J. Foster

    Stephen B. Elkins

    Charles A. Culberson

    John Kean

    Elmer J. Burkett

    Charles Curtis

    Second session--December 6, 1909-June 25, 1910

    Eugene Hale, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    John W. Daniel \1\

    Francis E. Warren

    Alexander S. Clay \2\

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Murphy J. Foster

    Stephen B. Elkins

    Charles A. Culberson

    John Kean

    Elmer J. Burkett

    Charles Curtis

    \1\ Deceased June 29, 1910.
    \2\ Deceased November 13, 1910.

    Third session--December 5, 1910-March 3, 1911

    Eugene Hale, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    Murphy J. Foster

    Francis E. Warren

    Charles A. Culberson

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Thomas S. Martin \2\

    Stephen B. Elkins \1\

    Lee S. Overman \2\

    John Kean

    Elmer J. Burkett

    Charles Curtis

    \1\ Deceased January 4, 1911.
    \2\ Appointed December 8, 1910.

    Sixty-second Congress

    First session--April 4, 1911-August 22, 1911

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    Thomas S. Martin

    Robert J. Gamble

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    George S. Nixon

    John Walter Smith

    Joseph M. Dixon

    Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

    George P. Wetmore

    Second session--December 4, 1911-August 26, 1912

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    Thomas S. Martin

    Robert J. Gamble

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    George S. Nixon \1\

    John Walter Smith

    Joseph M. Dixon

    Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

    George P. Wetmore

    George T. Oliver \2\

    \1\ Deceased June 5, 1912.
    \2\ Appointed August 8, 1912.

    Third session--December 2, 1912-March 3, 1913

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    George C. Perkins

    Murphy J. Foster

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    Thomas S. Martin

    Robert J. Gamble

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Joseph M. Dixon

    John Walter Smith

    Jonathan Bourne, Jr.

    George P. Wetmore

    George T. Oliver

    Sixty-third Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1913-March 17, 1913

    First session--April 7, 1913-December 1, 1913

    Second session--December 1, 1913-October 24, 1914

    Third session--December 7, 1914-March 3, 1915

    Thomas S. Martin, chairman

    Francis E. Warren

    Lee S. Overman

    George C. Perkins

    Robert L. Owen

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    John Walter Smith

    Reed Smoot

    George E. Chamberlain

    George T. Oliver

    Luke Lea

    William P. Dillingham

    Nathan P. Bryan

    Wesley L. Jones

    John F. Shafroth

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Charles A. Culberson

    Sixty-fourth Congress

    First session--December 6, 1915-September 8, 1916

    Second session--December 4, 1916-March 3, 1917

    Thomas S. Martin, chairman

    Francis E. Warren

    Lee S. Overman

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Robert L. Owen

    Reed Smoot

    John Walter Smith

    George T. Oliver

    George E. Chamberlain

    William P. Dillingham

    Luke Lea

    Wesley L. Jones

    Nathan P. Bryan

    Charles E. Townsend

    John F. Shafroth

    Charles Curtis

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    Charles A. Culberson

    Oscar W. Underwood

    Joseph T. Robinson

    Sixty-fifth Congress

    Special session--March 5-16, 1917

    First session, April 2, 1917-October 6, 1917

    Thomas S. Martin, chairman

    Francis E. Warren

    Lee S. Overman

    Jacob H. Gallinger

    Robert L. Owen

    Reed Smoot

    John Walter Smith

    William P. Dillingham

    George E. Chamberlain

    Wesley L. Jones

    John F. Shafroth

    Charles Curtis

    Benjamin R. Tillman

    William S. Kenyon

    Charles A. Culberson

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Oscar W. Underwood

    Joseph T. Robinson

    Marcus A. Smith

    Thomas W. Hardwick

    Second session--December 3, 1917-November 21, 1918

    Thomas S. Martin, chairman

    Francis E. Warren

    Lee S. Overman

    Jacob H. Gallinger \4\

    Robert L. Owen

    Reed Smoot

    John Walter Smith

    William P. Dillingham \5\

    George E. Chamberlain

    Wesley L. Jones

    John F. Shafroth

    Charles Curtis

    Benjamin R. Tillman \1\

    William S. Kenyon

    Charles A. Culberson

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Oscar W. Underwood

    John W. Weeks \6\

    Joseph T. Robinson \2\

    William M. Calder \6\

    Marcus A. Smith

    Thomas W. Hardwick

    Christie Benet \3\

    \1\ Deceased July 3, 1918.
    \2\ Resigned from committee September 9, 1918.
    \3\ Appointed July 11, 1918. Left Senate November 5, 1918.
    \4\ Deceased August 17, 1918.
    \5\ Resigned from committee September 3, 1918.
    \6\ Appointed September 3, 1918.

    Third session--December 2, 1918-March 3, 1919

    Thomas S. Martin, chairman

    Francis E. Warren

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    John Walter Smith

    Charles Curtis

    George E. Chamberlain

    William S. Kenyon

    John F. Shafroth

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Charles A. Culberson

    John W. Weeks

    Oscar W. Underwood

    William M. Calder

    Marcus A. Smith

    Thomas W. Hardwick

    William P. Pollock \1\

    Edward J. Gay \1\

    \1\ Appointed December 3, 1918.

    Sixty-sixth Congress

    First session--May 19, 1919-November 19, 1919

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Thomas S. Martin \1\

    Reed Smoot

    Lee S. Overman

    Wesley L. Jones

    Robert L. Owen

    Charles Curtis

    John Walter Smith

    William S. Kenyon

    Charles A. Culberson

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Oscar W. Underwood

    Alse J. Gronna

    Marcus A. Smith

    Frederick Hale

    Edward J. Gay

    Selden P. Spencer

    William J. Harris

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Truman M. Newberry

    \1\ Deceased November 12, 1919.

    Second session--December 1, 1919-June 3, 1920

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    John Walter Smith

    Charles Curtis

    Charles A. Culberson

    William S. Kenyon

    Oscar W. Underwood \1\

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Marcus A. Smith

    Alse J. Gronna

    Edward J. Gay

    Frederick Hale

    William J. Harris

    Selden P. Spencer

    Carter Glass \2\

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Andrieus A. Jones \3\

    Truman M. Newberry

    \1\ Resigned from committee June 4, 1920.
    \2\ Appointed February 14, 1920.
    \3\ Appointed June 4, 1920.

    Third session--December 6, 1920-March 3, 1921

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    John Walter Smith

    Charles Curtis

    Charles A. Culberson

    William S. Kenyon

    Marcus A. Smith

    Lawrence Y. Sherman

    Edward J. Gay

    Alse J. Gronna

    William J. Harris

    Frederick Hale

    Carter Glass

    Selden P. Spencer

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Truman M. Newberry

    Sixty-seventh Congress

    Special session--March 4-15, 1921

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    William J. Harris

    William S. Kenyon

    Carter Glass

    Frederick Hale

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Selden P. Spencer

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Truman M. Newberry

    First session--April 11, 1921-November 23, 1921

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    William J. Harris

    William S. Kenyon

    Carter Glass

    Frederick Hale

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Selden P. Spencer

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Truman M. Newberry

    William B. McKinley

    Second session--December 5, 1921-September 22, 1922

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    William J. Harris

    William S. Kenyon \1\

    Carter Glass

    Frederick Hale

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Selden P. Spencer

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Truman M. Newberry \2\

    William B. McKinley

    Irvine L. Lenroot \3\

    \1\ Resigned February 24, 1922.
    \2\ Resigned November 18, 1922.
    \3\ Appointed March 21, 1922.

    Third session--November 20, 1922-December 4, 1922

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    William J. Harris

    Frederick Hale

    Carter Glass

    Selden P. Spencer

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    William B. McKinley

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    Fourth session--December 4, 1922-March 3, 1923

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    Robert L. Owen

    Wesley L. Jones

    Charles A. Culberson

    Charles Curtis

    William J. Harris

    Frederick Hale

    Carter Glass

    Selden P. Spencer

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    William B. McKinley

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    Henry W. Keyes \1\

    \1\ Appointed December 5, 1922.

    Sixty-eighth Congress

    First session--December 3, 1923-June 7, 1924

    Second session--December 1, 1924-March 3, 1925

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Selden P. Spencer

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

    William B. McKinley

    Matthew M. Neely

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    Henry W. Keyes

    Sixty-ninth Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1925-March 17, 1925

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Selden P. Spencer \1\

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

    William B. McKinley

    John B. Kendrick

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    Henry W. Keyes

    \1\ Deceased May 16, 1925.

    First session--December 7, 1925-July 3, 1926; November 10, 1926

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Edwin S. Broussard

    William B. McKinley

    Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    John B. Kendrick

    Henry W. Keyes

    Ralph H. Cameron \1\

    \1\ Appointed December 15, 1925.

    Second session--December 6, 1926-March 3, 1927

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis

    Andrieus A. Jones

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Edwin S. Broussard

    William B. McKinley \1\

    Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.

    Irvine L. Lenroot

    John B. Kendrick

    Henry W. Keyes

    Ralph H. Cameron

    Hiram Bingham \2\

    \1\ Deceased December 7, 1926.
    \2\ Appointed December 14, 1926.

    Seventieth Congress

    First session--December 5, 1927-May 29, 1928

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis

    Andrieus A. Jones \1\

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Henry W. Keyes

    John B. Kendrick

    Hiram Bingham

    Royal S. Copeland

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Carl T. Hayden

    Gerald P. Nye

    Sam G. Bratton \2\

    \1\ Deceased December 20, 1927.
    \2\ Appointed January 5, 1928.

    Second session--December 3, 1928-March 3, 1929

    Francis E. Warren, chairman

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Charles Curtis \1\

    Kenneth McKellar

    Frederick Hale

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    John B. Kendrick

    Henry W. Keyes

    Royal S. Copeland

    Hiram Bingham

    Carl T. Hayden

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Sam G. Bratton

    Gerald P. Nye

    \1\ Resigned March 3, 1929.

    Seventy-first Congress

    Special session (1)--March 4, 1929-March 5, 1929

    (Membership of the existing committee of the 70th Congress was not
    altered.)

    First session--April 15, 1929-November 22, 1929

    Francis E. Warren, chairman \1\

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Wesley L. Jones

    Carter Glass

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Henry W. Keyes

    John B. Kendrick

    Hiram Bingham

    Royal S. Copeland

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Carl T. Hayden

    Gerald P. Nye

    Sam G. Bratton

    W.B. Pine

    Otis F. Glenn

    \1\ Deceased November 24, 1929.

    Second session--December 2, 1929-July 3, 1930

    Special session (2)--July 7, 1930-July 21, 1930

    Wesley L. Jones, chairman \1\

    Lee S. Overman

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Frederick Hale

    Carter Glass

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Hiram Bingham

    John B. Kendrick

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    W.B. Pine

    Sam G. Bratton

    Otis F. Glenn

    Frederick Steiwer \2\

    \1\ Elected chairman January 11, 1930.
    \2\ Elected January 11, 1930.

    Third session--December 1, 1930-March 3, 1931

    Wesley L. Jones, chairman

    Lee S. Overman \1\

    Reed Smoot

    William J. Harris

    Frederick Hale

    Carter Glass

    Lawrence C. Phipps

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Hiram Bingham

    John B. Kendrick

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    W.B. Pine

    Sam G. Bratton

    Otis F. Glenn

    Cameron A. Morrison \2\

    Frederick Steiwer

    \1\ Deceased December 12, 1930.
    \2\ Appointed January 6, 1931.

    Seventy-second Congress

    First session--December 7, 1931-July 16, 1932

    Wesley L. Jones, chairman \1\

    William J. Harris \2\

    Reed Smoot

    Carter Glass

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Hiram Bingham

    John B. Kendrick

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    Frederick Steiwer

    Sam G. Bratton

    Peter Norbeck

    Cameron A. Morrison \3\

    Porter H. Dale

    Elmer Thomas

    James J. Davis

    James F. Byrnes

    L.J. Dickinson

    John S. Cohen \4\

    \1\ Deceased November 19, 1932.
    \2\ Deceased April 18, 1932.
    \3\ Left Senate December 4, 1932.
    \4\ Appointed April 28, 1932.

    Second session--December 5, 1932-March 3, 1933

    Frederick Hale, chairman \1\

    Carter Glass

    Reed Smoot

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Edwin S. Broussard

    Hiram Bingham

    John B. Kendrick

    Tasker L. Oddie

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    Frederick Steiwer

    Sam G. Bratton

    Peter Norbeck

    Elmer Thomas

    Porter H. Dale

    James F. Byrnes

    James J. Davis

    John S. Cohen \3\

    L.J. Dickinson

    Millard E. Tydings \4\

    Elijah S. Grammer \2\

    Richard B. Russell, Jr. \5\

    \1\ Appointed chairman December 8, 1932.
    \2\ Appointed December 8, 1932.
    \3\ Served until January 11, 1933.
    \4\ Appointed December 6, 1932.
    \5\ Appointed January 12, 1933.

    Seventy-third Congress

    Special session--March 4, 1933-March 6, 1933

    (Membership of the existing committee of the 72d Congress was not altered.)

    First session--March 9, 1933-June 15, 1933

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    John B. Kendrick \1\

    Gerald P. Nye

    Royal S. Copeland

    Frederick Steiwer

    Carl T. Hayden

    Peter Norbeck

    Sam G. Bratton \2\

    Porter H. Dale \3\

    Elmer Thomas

    L.J. Dickinson

    James F. Byrnes

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Millard E. Tydings

    Robert D. Carey

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Marcus A. Coolidge

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    \1\ Deceased November 3, 1933.
    \2\ Resigned from the Senate June 24, 1933.
    \3\ Deceased october 6, 1933.

    Second session--January 3, 1934-June 18, 1934

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    Frederick Steiwer

    Elmer Thomas

    Peter Norbeck

    James F. Byrnes

    L.J. Dickinson

    Millard E. Tydings

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Robert D. Carey

    Marcus A. Coolidge

    Roscoe C. Patterson \2\

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II \1\

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney \1\

    \1\ Appointed January 4, 1934.
    \2\ Appointed January 17, 1934.

    Seventy-fourth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1935-August 26, 1935

    Second session--January 3, 1936-June 20, 1936

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Henry W. Keyes

    Royal S. Copeland

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    Frederick Steiwer

    Elmer Thomas

    Peter Norbeck

    James F. Byrnes

    L J. Dickinson

    Millard E. Tydings

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Robert D. Carey

    Marcus A. Coolidge

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    William Gibbs McAdoo

    Harry S. Truman

    Seventy-fifth Congress

    First session--January 5, 1937-August 21, 1937

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Gerald P. Nye

    Royal S. Copeland

    Frederick Steiwer

    Carl T. Hayden

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Styles Bridges \1\

    James F. Byrnes

    Millard E. Tydings

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    William Gibbs McAdoo

    Harry S. Truman

    F. Ryan Duffy \1\

    Edward R. Burke \1\

    Herbert E. Hitchcock \1\

    Theodore F. Green \1\

    \1\ Elected January 8, 1937.

    Second session--November 15, 1937-December 21, 1937

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Gerald P. Nye

    Royal S. Copeland

    Frederick Steiwer

    Carl T. Hayden

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Styles Bridges

    James F. Byrnes

    Millard E. Tydings

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    William Gibbs McAdoo

    Harry S. Truman

    F. Ryan Duffy

    Edward R. Burke

    Herbert E. Hitchcock

    Theodore F. Green

    Third session--January 3, 1938-June 16, 1938

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Gerald P. Nye

    Royal S. Copeland \1\

    Frederick Steiwer \2\

    Carl T. Hayden

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Styles Bridges

    James F. Byrnes

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.\3\

    Millard E. Tydings

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    William Gibbs McAdoo

    Harry S. Truman

    F. Ryan Duffy

    Edward R. Burke

    Herbert E. Hitchcock

    Theodore F. Green

    \1\ Deceased June 17, 1938.
    \2\ Resigned from Senate January 31, 1938.
    \3\ Appointed February 16, 1938.

    Seventy-sixth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1939-August 5, 1939

    Second session--September 21, 1939-November 3, 1939

    Third session--January 3, 1940-January 3, 1941

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Frederick Hale

    Kenneth McKellar

    Gerald P. Nye

    Carl T. Hayden

    John G. Townsend, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Styles Bridges

    James F. Byrnes

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

    Millard E. Tydings

    Rufus C. Holman \1\

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Robert A. Taft \1\

    Alva B. Adams

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Harry S. Truman

    Edward R. Burke

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney \1\

    Dennis Chavez \1\

    \1\ Elected January 10, 1939.

    Seventy-seventh Congress

    First session--January 3, 1941-January 2, 1942

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Gerald P. Nye

    Kenneth McKellar

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Rufus C. Holman

    James F. Byrnes \1\

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Millard E. Tydings

    Chan Gurney

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    C. Wayland Brooks

    Alva B. Adams \2\

    Patrick A. McCarran

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Harry S. Truman

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney

    Dennis Chavez

    Alva M. Lumpkin \3\ \4\

    Roger C. Peace \5\

    James M. Mead \6\

    Wall Doxey \6\

    Burnet R. Maybank \6\

    \1\ Resigned July 8, 1941.
    \2\ Deceased December 1, 1941.
    \3\ Elected to Committee July 31, 1941.
    \4\ Deceased August 1, 1941.
    \5\ Elected to Committee August 7, 1941.
    \6\ Elected on December 15, 1941.

    Second session--January 5, 1942-December 16, 1942

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Gerald P. Nye

    Kenneth McKellar

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Rufus C. Holman

    Millard E. Tydings

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Richard B. Russell

    Chan Gurney

    Patrick A. McCarran

    C. Wayland Brooks

    John H. Overton

    John H. Bankhead II

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Harry S. Truman

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney

    Dennis Chavez

    James M. Mead

    Wall Doxey

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Seventy-eighth Congress

    First session--January 6, 1943-December 21, 1943

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Gerald P. Nye

    Kenneth McKellar

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.

    Elmer Thomas

    Rufus C. Holman

    Millard E. Tydings

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Richard B. Russell

    Chan Gurney

    Patrick A. McCarran

    C. Wayland Brooks

    John H. Overton

    Clyde M. Reed

    John H. Bankhead II

    Harold H. Burton

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Harry S. Truman

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney

    Dennis Chavez

    James M. Mead

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Second session--January 10, 1944-December 19, 1944

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Gerald P. Nye

    Kenneth McKellar

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. \1\

    Elmer Thomas

    Rufus C. Holman

    Millard E. Tydings

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Richard B. Russell

    Chan Gurney

    Patrick A. McCarran

    C. Wayland Brooks

    John H. Overton

    Clyde M. Reed

    John H. Bankhead II

    Harold H. Burton

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Joseph H. Ball \2\

    Harry S. Truman

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney

    Dennis Chavez

    James M. Mead

    Burnet R. Maybank

    \1\ Resigned February 4, 1944.
    \2\ Elected to Committee February 21, 1944.

    Seventy-ninth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1945-December 21, 1945

    Carter Glass, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Kenneth McKellar

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Carl T. Hayden

    Chan Gurney

    Elmer Thomas

    C. Wayland Brooks

    Millard E. Tydings

    Clyde M. Reed

    Richard B. Russell

    Harold H. Burton \4\

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Joseph H. Ball

    John H. Overton

    Raymond E. Willis

    John H. Bankhead II

    Homer Ferguson

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Kenneth S. Wherry \5\

    Harry S. Truman \1\

    ------ ------

    Theodore F. Green

    Francis T. Maloney \2\

    Dennis Chavez

    James M. Mead

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Abe Murdock \3\

    \1\ Resigned January 18, 1945.
    \2\ Deceased January 16, 1945.
    \3\ Elected to Committee February 28, 1945.
    \4\ Resigned September 30, 1945.
    \5\ Elected to Committee January 18, 1945.

    Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

    Second session--January 14, 1946-August 2, 1946

    Carter Glass, chairman \1\

    Styles Bridges

    Kenneth McKellar, chairman \2\

    Wallace H. White, Jr.

    Carl T. Hayden

    Chan Gurney

    Elmer Thomas

    C. Wayland Brooks

    Millard E. Tydings

    Clyde M. Reed

    Richard B. Russell

    Joseph H. Ball

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Raymond E. Willis

    John H. Overton

    Homer Ferguson

    John H. Bankhead II \3\

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Guy Cordon \4\

    Theodore F. Green

    Dennis Chavez

    James M. Mead

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Abe Murdock

    ------ ------

    ------ ------

    \1\ Deceased May 28, 1946.
    \2\ Appointed chairman May 31, 1946.
    \3\ Deceased June 12, 1946.
    \4\ Elected to Committee December 18, 1945.

    Note: Dash line indicates vacancy.

    Eightieth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1947-December 19, 1947

    [Appointed to Committee by S. Res. 18, agreed to January 6, 1947.]

    Styles Bridges, chairman

    Kenneth McKellar

    Chan Gurney

    Carl T. Hayden

    C. Wayland Brooks

    Elmer Thomas

    Clyde M. Reed

    Millard E. Tydings

    Joseph H. Ball

    Richard B. Russell

    Homer Ferguson

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    John H. Overton

    Guy Cordon

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Theodore Francis Green

    Milton R. Young

    William F. Knowland

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Second session--January 6, 1948-December 31, 1948

    Styles Bridges, chairman

    Kenneth McKellar

    Chan Gurney

    Carl T. Hayden

    C. Wayland Brooks

    Elmer Thomas

    Clyde M. Reed

    Millard E. Tydings

    Joseph H. Ball

    Richard B. Russell

    Homer Ferguson

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    John H. Overton \1\

    Guy Cordon

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Theodore Francis Green

    Milton R. Young

    Dennis Chavez \2\

    William F. Knowland

    Henry C. Dworshak

    \1\ Deceased May 14, 1948.
    \2\ Appointed May 26, 1948.

    Eighty-first Congress

    First session--January 3, 1949-October 19, 1949

    Kenneth McKellar, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Chan Gurney

    Elmer Thomas

    Clyde M. Reed \2\

    Richard B. Russell, Jr.

    Homer Ferguson

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Guy Cordon

    Dennis Chavez

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    William F. Knowland \3\

    J. Lister Hill

    Harley M. Kilgore

    John L. McClellan

    A. Willis Robertson \1\

    \1\ Excused from further service July 26, 1949.
    \2\ Deceased November 8, 1949.
    \3\ Appointed July 26, 1949.

    Second session--January 3, 1950-January 2, 1951

    Kenneth McKellar, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Chan Gurney

    Elmer Thomas

    Homer Ferguson

    Richard B. Russell

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Guy Cordon

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Burnet R. Maybank

    William F. Knowland

    Allen J. Ellender

    J. Lister Hill

    Harley M. Kilgore

    John L. McClellan

    A. Willis Robertson \1\

    \1\ Appointed January 12, 1950.

    Eighty-second Congress

    First session--January 3, 1951-October 20, 1951 \1\

    Kenneth McKellar, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Homer Ferguson

    Richard B. Russell

    Kenneth S. Wherry

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Guy Cordon

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Burnet R. Maybank

    William F. Knowland

    Allen J. Ellender

    Edward J. Thye

    J. Lister Hill

    Zales N. Ecton

    Harley M. Kilgore

    Joseph R. McCarthy \3\

    John L. McClellan

    A. Willis Robertson \2\

    \1\ Order naming Committee agreed to January 15, 1951.
    \2\ Assigned to service on Committee May 21, 1951.
    \3\ Excused from further service May 21, 1951.

    Second session--January 8, 1952-July 1, 1952

    Kenneth McKellar, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Carl T. Hayden

    Homer Ferguson

    Richard B. Russell

    Guy Cordon

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Joseph C. O'Mahoney

    Milton R. Young

    Dennis Chavez

    William F. Knowland

    Burnet R. Maybank

    Edward J. Thye

    Allen J. Ellender

    Zales N. Ecton

    J. Lister Hill

    Joseph R. McCarthy

    Harley M. Kilgore

    John L. McClellan

    A. Willis Robertson

    Eighty-third Congress

    First session--January 3, 1953-August 3, 1953 \1\

    Styles Bridges, chairman

    Carl T. Hayden

    Homer Ferguson

    Richard B. Russell

    Guy Cordon

    Patrick A. McCarran

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Burnet R. Maybank

    William F. Knowland

    Allen J. Ellender

    Edward J. Thye

    J. Lister Hill

    Joseph R. McCarthy

    Harley M. Kilgore

    Karl E. Mundt

    John L. McClellan

    Margaret Chase Smith

    A. Willis Robertson

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Everett M. Dirksen

    \1\ Appointed January 13, 1953.

    Second session--January 6, 1954-December 2, 1954

    Styles Bridges, chairman

    Carl T. Hayden

    Homer Ferguson

    Richard B. Russell

    Guy Cordon

    Patrick A. McCarran \1\

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Burnet R. Maybank \2\

    William F. Knowland

    Allen J. Ellender

    Edward J. Thye

    J. Lister Hill

    Joseph R. McCarthy

    Harley M. Kilgore

    Karl E. Mundt

    John L. McClellan

    Margaret Chase Smith

    A. Willis Robertson

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Everett M. Dirksen

    \1\ Deceased September 28, 1954.
    \2\ Deceased September 1, 1954.

    Eighty-fourth Congress

    First session--January 5, 1955-August 2, 1955 \1\

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    William F. Knowland

    J. Lister Hill

    Edward J. Thye

    Harley M. Kilgore

    Joseph R. McCarthy

    John L. McClellan

    Karl E. Mundt

    A. Willis Robertson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Spessard L. Holland

    Everett M. Dirksen

    John C. Stennis

    Charles E. Potter

    Earle C. Clements

    \1\ Appointed January 11, 1955.

    Second session--January 3, 1956-July 27, 1956

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    William F. Knowland

    J. Lister Hill

    Edward J. Thye

    Harley M. Kilgore \1\

    Joseph R. McCarthy

    John L. McClellan

    Karl E. Mundt

    A. Willis Robertson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Spessard L. Holland

    Everett M. Dirksen

    John C. Stennis

    Charles E. Potter

    Earle C. Clements

    Lyndon B. Johnson \2\

    \1\ Deceased February 28, 1956.
    \2\ Appointed March 22, 1956.

    Eighty-fifth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1957-August 30, 1957 \1\

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    William F. Knowland

    J. Lister Hill

    Edward J. Thye

    John L. McClellan

    Joseph R. McCarthy \2\

    A. Willis Robertson

    Karl E. Mundt

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    Spessard L. Holland

    Henry C. Dworshak

    John C. Stennis

    Everett M. Dirksen

    Lyndon B. Johnson

    Charles E. Potter

    John O. Pastore

    Irving M. Ives \3\

    \1\ Appointed January 9, 1957.
    \2\ Deceased May 2, 1957.
    \3\ Appointed May 22, 1957.

    Second session--January 7, 1958-August 24, 1958

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    William F. Knowland

    J. Lister Hill

    Edward J. Thye

    John L. McClellan

    Karl E. Mundt

    A. Willis Robertson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Henry C. Dworshak

    Spessard L. Holland

    Everett M. Dirksen

    John C. Stennis

    Charles E. Potter

    Lyndon B. Johnson

    Irving M. Ives

    John O. Pastore

    Eighty-sixth Congress

    First session--January 7, 1959-September 15, 1959

    Second session--January 6, 1960-September 1, 1960

    Majority--January 14, 1959

    Minority--January 20, 1959

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    J. Lister Hill

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John L. McClellan

    Henry Dworshak

    A. Willis Robertson

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Spessard L. Holland

    Gordon L. Allott

    John C. Stennis

    Lyndon B. Johnson

    John O. Pastore

    Estes Kefauver

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Thomas J. Dodd

    Gale W. McGee

    Eighty-seventh Congress

    First session--January 3, 1961-September 27, 1961

    Majority--January 10, 1961

    Minority--January 13, 1961

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Styles Bridges 1

    Richard B. Russell

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Dennis Chavez

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    J. Lister Hill

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John L. McClellan

    Henry Dworshak

    A. Willis Robertson

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Spessard L. Holland

    Gordon L. Allott

    John C. Stennis

    Andrew F. Schoeppel

    John O. Pastore

    Estes Kefauver

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Hubert H. Humphrey

    \1\ Deceased November 26, 1961.

    Second session--January 10, 1962-October 13, 1962

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Richard B. Russell

    Milton R. Young

    Dennis Chavez \1\

    Karl E. Mundt

    Allen J. Ellender

    Margaret Chase Smith

    J. Lister Hill

    Henry Dworshak \2\

    John L. McClellan

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    A. Willis Robertson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Gordon L. Allott

    Spessard L. Holland

    Andrew F. Schoeppel \3\

    John C. Stennis

    Norris H. Cotton \4\

    John O. Pastore

    Clifford P. Case \4\

    Estes Kefauver

    Jacob K. Javits \5\

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Hubert H. Humphrey

    \1\ Deceased November 18, 1962.
    \2\ Deceased July 23, 1962.
    \3\ Deceased January 21, 1962.
    \4\ Appointed February 2, 1962.
    \5\ Appointed August 8, 1962.
    Membership increased for the majority (S. Res. 90, 88th, 1st).

    Eighty-eighth Congress

    First session--January 9, 1963-December 30, 1963

    Majority--January 10, 1961

    Minority--January 13, 1961

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Richard B. Russell

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    J. Lister Hill

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John L. McClellan

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    A. Willis Robertson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Gordon L. Allott

    Spessard L. Holland

    Norris H. Cotton

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    John O. Pastore

    Estes Kefauver \1\

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Hubert H. Humphrey

    Michael J. Mansfield

    E.L. Bartlett

    William Proxmire \2\

    \1\ Deceased August 10, 1963.
    \2\ Appointed August 23, 1963.

    Second session--January 7, 1964-October 3, 1964

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Richard B. Russell

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    J. Lister Hill

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John L. McClellan

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    A. Willis Robertson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Gordon L. Allott

    Spessard L. Holland

    Norris H. Cotton

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    John O. Pastore

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Hubert H. Humphrey \1\

    Michael J. Mansfield

    E.L. Bartlett

    William Proxmire

    \1\ Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey resigned from the Senate December
    29, 1964.

    Eighty-ninth Congress

    First session--January 4, 1965-October 23, 1965

    Second session--January 10, 1966-October 22, 1966

    Majority--January 8, 1965

    Minority--January 15, 1965

    Carl T. Hayden, chairman

    Leverett Saltonstall

    Richard B. Russell

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    J. Lister Hill

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John L. McClellan

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    A. Willis Robertson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Gordon L. Allott

    Spessard L. Holland

    Norris H. Cotton

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    John O. Pastore

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Michael J. Mansfield

    E.L. Bartlett

    William Proxmire

    Ralph Yarborough

    Ninetieth Congress

    First session--January 10, 1967-December 15, 1967

    Second session--January 15, 1968-October 14, 1968

    Majority--January 11, 1967

    Minority--January 16, 1967

    Carl Hayden, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    Richard B. Russell

    Karl E. Mundt

    Allen J. Ellender

    Margaret Chase Smith

    J. Lister Hill

    Thomas H. Kuchel

    John L. McClellan

    Roman L. Hruska

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Gordon L. Allott

    Spessard L. Holland

    Norris H. Cotton

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    John O. Pastore

    Jacob K. Javits

    A.S. Mike Monroney

    Alan H. Bible

    Robert C. Byrd

    Gale W. McGee

    Michael J. Mansfield

    E.L. Bartlett \1\

    William Proxmire

    Ralph Yarborough

    \1\ Deceased December 11, 1968.

    Ninety-first Congress

    First session--January 3, 1969-December 23, 1969

    Second session--January 19, 1970-January 2, 1971

    January 14, 1969

    Richard B. Russell, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    Allen J. Ellender

    Karl E. Mundt

    John L. McClellan

    Margaret Chase Smith

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Roman L. Hruska

    Spessard L. Holland

    Gordon L. Allott

    John C. Stennis

    Norris H. Cotton

    John O. Pastore

    Clifford P. Case

    Alan H. Bible

    Hiram L. Fong

    Robert C. Byrd

    J. Caleb Boggs

    Gale W. McGee

    James B. Pearson

    Michael J. Mansfield

    William Proxmire

    Ralph Yarborough

    Joseph M. Montoya

    Ninety-second Congress

    First session--January 21, 1971--December 17, 1971

    Second session--January 18, 1972--October 18, 1972

    Majority--January 28, 1971

    Minority--January 29, 1971

    Allen J. Ellender, chairman \1\

    Milton R. Young

    John L. McClellan

    Karl E. Mundt

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John C. Stennis

    Roman L. Hruska

    John O. Pastore

    Gordon L. Allott

    Alan H. Bible

    Norris H. Cotton

    Robert C. Byrd

    Clifford P. Case

    Gale W. McGee

    Hiram L. Fong

    Michael J. Mansfield

    J. Caleb Boggs

    William Proxmire

    Charles H. Percy

    Joseph M. Montoya

    Edward W. Brooke

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Ernest F. Hollings

    \1\ Appointed chairman January 28, 1971.

    Second session--January 18, 1972-October 18, 1972

    Allen J. Ellender, chairman \1\

    Milton R. Young

    John L. McClellan, chairman \2\

    Karl E. Mundt \4\

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Margaret Chase Smith

    John C. Stennis

    Roman L. Hruska

    John O. Pastore

    Gordon L. Allott

    Alan H. Bible

    Norris H. Cotton

    Robert C. Byrd

    Clifford P. Case

    Gale W. McGee

    Hiram L. Fong

    Michael J. Mansfield

    J. Caleb Boggs

    William Proxmire

    Charles H. Percy \4\

    Joseph M. Montoya

    Edward W. Brooke

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Mark O. Hatfield \5\

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Ted Stevens \5\

    Birch E. Bayh \3\

    \1\ Deceased July 27, 1972.
    \2\ Elected chairman August 2, 1972 (S. Res. 337, 92/2).
    \3\ Assigned August 2, 1972.
    \4\ Reassigned February 23, 1972.
    \5\ Assigned to committee February 23, 1972.

    Ninety-third Congress

    First session--January 3, 1973-December 22, 1973

    Second session--January 21, 1974-December 20, 1974

    Majority--January 4, 1973

    Minority--January 12, 1973

    John L. McClellan, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Roman L. Hruska

    John C. Stennis

    Norris H. Cotton

    John O. Pastore

    Clifford P. Case

    Alan H. Bible \1\

    Hiram L. Fong

    Robert C. Byrd

    Edward W. Brooke

    Gale W. McGee

    Mark O. Hatfield

    Michael J. Mansfield

    Ted Stevens

    William Proxmire

    Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

    Joseph M. Montoya

    Richard S. Schweiker

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Henry L. Bellmon

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Paul D. Laxalt \2\

    Birch E. Bayh

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Lawton M. Chiles

    \1\ Reassigned December 17, 1974.
    \2\ Elected December 18, 1974.

    Ninety-fourth Congress

    First session--January 14, 1975-December 19, 1975

    Second session--January 19, 1976-October 1, 1976

    Majority--January 17, 1975

    Minority--January 23, 1975

    John L. McClellan, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    Warren G. Magnuson

    Roman L. Hruska

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    John O. Pastore

    Hiram L. Fong

    Robert C. Byrd

    Edward W. Brooke

    Gale W. McGee

    Mark O. Hatfield

    Michael J. Mansfield

    Ted Stevens

    William Proxmire

    Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

    Joseph M. Montoya

    Richard S. Schweiker

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Henry L. Bellmon

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Birch E. Bayh

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Lawton M. Chiles

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Walter D. Huddleston

    Ninety-fifth Congress

    First session--January 4, 1977-December 15, 1977

    Second session--January 19, 1978-October 15, 1978

    January 10, 1977

    John L. McClellan, chairman \1\

    Milton R. Young

    Warren G. Magnuson \2\

    Clifford P. Case

    John C. Stennis

    Edward W. Brooke

    Robert C. Byrd

    Mark O. Hatfield

    William Proxmire

    Ted Stevens

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Richard S. Schweiker

    Birch E. Bayh

    Henry L. Bellmon

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    Lawton M. Chiles

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Walter D. Huddleston

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Patrick J. Leahy

    James R. Sasser

    Paul S. Sarbanes \3\

    John Melcher \3\

    Donald W. Riegle, Jr.\3\

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    \1\ Died November 28, 1977.
    \2\ Appointed chairman January 27, 1978.
    \3\ Temporary assignment from January 10-February 11, 1978.

    Second session--January 19, 1978-October 15, 1978

    Majority--February 11, 1977

    Minority--February 22, 1977

    Warren G. Magnuson, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    John C. Stennis

    Clifford P. Case

    Robert C. Byrd

    Edward W. Brooke

    William Proxmire

    Mark O. Hatfield

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Ted Stevens

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

    Birch E. Bayh

    Richard S. Schweiker

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Henry L. Bellmon

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Walter D. Huddleston

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Patrick J. Leahy

    James R. Sasser

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Dale Bumpers \1\

    \1\ Elected to committee July 27, 1978.

    Ninety-sixth Congress

    First session--January 15, 1979-January 3, 1980

    Second session--January 3, 1980-December 16, 1980

    Majority--January 23, 1979

    Minority--January 24, 1979

    Warren G. Magnuson, chairman

    Milton R. Young

    John C. Stennis

    Mark O. Hatfield

    Robert C. Byrd

    Ted Stevens

    William Proxmire

    Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Richard S. Schweiker

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Henry L. Bellmon

    Birch E. Bayh

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    James A. McClure

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Paul D. Laxalt

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Jake Garn

    Walter D. Huddleston

    Harrison H. Schmitt

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Patrick J. Leahy

    James R. Sasser

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Dale Bumpers

    John A. Durkin

    Ninety-seventh Congress

    First session--January 5, 1981-December 16, 1981

    Second session--January 25, 1982-December 21, 1982

    January 5, 1981

    Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

    William Proxmire

    Ted Stevens

    John C. Stennis

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    Robert C. Byrd

    James A. McClure

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Paul D. Laxalt

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Jake Garn

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Harrison Schmitt

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Thad Cochran

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Mark Andrews

    Walter D. Huddleston

    James Abdnor

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

    Patrick J. Leahy

    Alfonse M. D'Amato

    James R. Sasser

    Mack F. Mattingly

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Warren B. Rudman

    Dale Bumpers

    Arlen Specter

    Ninety-eighth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1983-November 18, 1983

    Second session--January 23, 1984-October 12, 1984

    January 3, 1983

    Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

    John C. Stennis

    Ted Stevens

    Robert C. Byrd

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    William Proxmire

    James A. McClure

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Paul D. Laxalt

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Jake Garn

    Thomas F. Eagleton

    Thad Cochran

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Mark Andrews

    J. Bennett Johnston

    James Abdnor

    Walter D. Huddleston

    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Alfonse M. D'Amato

    Patrick J. Leahy

    Mack F. Mattingly

    James R. Sasser

    Warren B. Rudman

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Arlen Specter

    Dale Bumpers

    Pete V. Domenici

    Ninety-ninth Congress

    First session--January 3, 1985-December 20, 1985

    Second session--January 21, 1986-October 18, 1986

    February 21, 1985

    Mark O. Hatfield, chairman

    John C. Stennis

    Ted Stevens

    Robert C. Byrd

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    William Proxmire

    James A. McClure

    Daniel K. Inouye

    Paul D. Laxalt

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Jake Garn

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Thad Cochran

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Mark Andrews

    Quentin N. Burdick

    James Abdnor

    Patrick J. Leahy

    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

    James R. Sasser

    Alfonse M. D'Amato

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Mack F. Mattingly

    Dale Bumpers

    Warren B. Rudman

    Frank R. Lautenberg

    Arlen Specter

    Tom Harkin

    Pete V. Domenici

    One Hundredth Congress

    First session--January 6, 1987-December 22, 1987

    Second session--January 25, 1988-October 22, 1988

    January 6, 1987

    John C. Stennis, chairman

    Mark O. Hatfield

    Robert C. Byrd

    Ted Stevens

    William Proxmire

    Lowell P. Weicker, Jr.

    Daniel K. Inouye

    James A. McClure

    Ernest F. Hollings

    Jake Garn

    Lawton M. Chiles

    Thad Cochran

    J. Bennett Johnston

    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.

    Quentin N. Burdick

    Alfonse M. D'Amato

    Patrick J. Leahy

    Warren B. Rudman

    James R. Sasser

    Arlen Specter

    Dennis W. DeConcini

    Pete V. Domenici

    Dale Bumpers

    Charles E. Grassley

    Frank R. Lautenberg

    Don Nickles

    Tom Harkin

    Barbara A. Mikulski

    Harry Reid

    One Hundred First Congress

    First session--January 3, 1989-November 22, 1989

    Second session--January 3, 1990-October 28, 1990

    February 2, 1989

    Robert C. Byrd, chairman
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    J. Bennett Johnston
    Quentin N. Burdick
    Patrick J. Leahy
    James R. Sasser
    Dennis W. DeConcini
    Dale Bumpers
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Brock Adams
    Wyche Fowler, Jr.
    J. Robert Kerrey

    Mark O. Hatfield
    Ted Stevens
    James A. McClure
    Jake Garn
    Thad Cochran
    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
    Alfonse M. D'Amato
    Warren B. Rudman
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Charles E. Grassley
    Don Nickles
    Phil Gramm

    One Hundred Second Congress

    First session--January 3, 1991-January 3, 1992

    Second session--January 3, 1992-October 9, 1992

    February 5, 1991

    Robert C. Byrd, chairman
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    J. Bennett Johnston
    Quentin N. Burdick \1\
    Patrick J. Leahy
    James R. Sasser
    Dennis W. DeConcini
    Dale Bumpers
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Brock Adams
    Wyche Fowler, Jr.
    J. Robert Kerrey
    Kent Conrad \2\

    Mark O. Hatfield
    Ted Stevens
    Jake Garn
    Thad Cochran
    Robert W. Kasten, Jr.
    Alfonse M. D'Amato
    Warren B. Rudman
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Don Nickles
    Phil Gramm
    Christopher S. Bond
    Slade Gorton

    \1\ Died September 8, 1992.
    \2\ Appointed to Committee September 18, 1992.

    One Hundred Third Congress

    First session--January 5, 1993-November 26, 1993

    Second session--January 25, 1994-December 1, 1994

    January 7, 1993

    Robert C. Byrd, chairman
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    J. Bennett Johnston
    Patrick J. Leahy
    James R. Sasser
    Dennis W. DeConcini
    Dale Bumpers
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    J. Robert Kerrey
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Dianne Feinstein

    Mark O. Hatfield
    Ted Stevens
    Thad Cochran
    Alfonse M. D'Amato
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Don Nickles
    Phil Gramm
    Christopher S. Bond
    Slade Gorton
    Mitch McConnell
    Connie Mack
    Conrad Burns

    One Hundred Fourth Congress

    First session--January 4, 1995-January 3, 1996

    Second session--January 3, 1996-October 4, 1996

    January 4, 1995

    Mark O. Hatfield, chairman
    Ted Stevens
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Phil Gramm \1\
    Christopher S. Bond
    Slade Gorton
    Mitch McConnell
    Connie Mack
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    James M. Jeffords
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell \2\

    Robert C. Byrd
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    J. Bennett Johnston
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Dale Bumpers
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    J. Robert Kerrey
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray

    \1\ Reassigned October 12, 1995.
    \2\ Appointed to Committee October 12, 1995.

    One Hundred Fifth Congress

    First session--January 7, 1997-November 13, 1997

    Second session--January 27, 1998-December 19, 1998

    January 9, 1997

    Ted Stevens, chairman
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Christopher S. Bond
    Slade Gorton
    Mitch McConnell
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    Larry Craig
    Lauch Faircloth
    Kay Bailey Hutchison

    Robert C. Byrd
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Dale Bumpers
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Byron Dorgan
    Barbara Boxer

    One Hundred Sixth Congress

    First session--January 6, 1999-November 22, 1999

    Second session--Janary 24, 2000-December 15, 2000

    January 7, 1999

    Ted Stevens, Chairman
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Christopher S. Bond
    Slade Gorton
    Mitch McConnell
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    Larry Craig
    Kay Bailey Hutchison
    Jon Kyl

    Robert C. Byrd
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Frank R. Lautenberg
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Byron L. Dorgan
    Dianne Feinstein
    Richard J. Durbin

    One Hundred Seventh Congress

    First session--January 3, 2001-December 20, 2001

    Second session--January 23, 2002-

    January 25, 2001

    Ted Stevens, Chairman
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Christopher S. Bond
    Mitch McConnell
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    Larry Craig
    Kay Bailey Hutchison
    Mike DeWine

    Robert C. Byrd
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Byron L. Dorgan
    Dianne Feinstein
    Richard J. Durbin
    Tim Johnson
    Mary L. Landrieu

    June 5, 2001

    Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Byron L. Dorgan
    Dianne Feinstein
    Richard J. Durbin

    Ted Stevens
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Christopher S. Bond
    Mitch McConnell
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    Larry Craig
    Kay Bailey Hutchison
    Jon Kyl

    July 10, 2001

    Robert C. Byrd, Chairman
    Daniel K. Inouye
    Ernest F. Hollings
    Patrick J. Leahy
    Tom Harkin
    Barbara A. Mikulski
    Harry Reid
    Herb Kohl
    Patty Murray
    Byron L. Dorgan
    Dianne Feinstein
    Richard J. Durbin
    Tim Johnson
    Mary L. Landrieu
    Jack Reed

    Ted Stevens
    Thad Cochran
    Arlen Specter
    Pete V. Domenici
    Christopher S. Bond
    Mitch McConnell
    Conrad Burns
    Richard C. Shelby
    Judd Gregg
    Robert F. Bennett
    Ben Nighthorse Campbell
    Larry Craig
    Kay Bailey Hutchison
    Mike DeWine
                            Subcommittee Memberships

                        FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      legislative
        Senators Windom, Allison, Davis.

      sundry civil
        Senators Windom, Dorsey, Beck.

      fortification
        Senator Windom.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Windom, Allison, Eaton.

      district of columbia
        Included in Sundry Civil Act.

      deficiencies
        Senators Sargent, Blaine, Withers.

                                 Second session

      legislative
        Senators Windom, Allison, Beck.

                                 Special session

        Senators Beck, Davis, Allison.

      sundry civil
        Senators Windom, Dorsey, Davis.

      post office
        Senators Dorsey, Blaine, Wallace.

      army
        Senators Blaine, Allison, Withers.

                                 Special session

        Senators Withers, Wallace, Blaine.

      military academy
        Senator Windom.

      fortification
        Senator Windom.

      naval
        Senator Windom.

      indian
        Senators Windom, Allison, Withers.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senator Windom.

      pensions
        Senator Windom.

      deficiencies
        Senators Allison, Dorsey, Wallace.

                        FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      legislative
        Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison.

      sundry civil
        Senators Beck, Davis, Windom.

      military academy
        Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom.

      post office
        Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth.

      army
        Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine.

      navy
        Senators Blaine, Wallace, Eaton.

      indian
        Senators Wallace, Beck, Allison.

      pensions
        Senators Booth, Withers, Allison.

      fortifications
        Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.

      district of columbia
        Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.

      deficiencies
        Senators Eaton, Wallace, Booth.

                                 Second session

      legislative
        Senators Davis, Wallace, Allison.

      sundry civil
        Senators Beck, Davis, Windom.

      military academy
        Senators Windom, Blaine, Withers.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Eaton, Davis, Windom.

      post office
        Senators Wallace, Beck, Booth.

      army
        Senators Withers, Eaton, Blaine.

      navy
        Senators Windom, Davis, Withers.

      indian
        Senators Wallace, Beck, Windom.

      pensions
        Senators Booth, Withers, Allison.

      fortifications
        Senators Allison, Beck, Booth.

      district of columbia
        Senators Withers, Beck, Blaine.

      deficiencies
        Senators Wallace, Davis, Booth.

      agricultural
        Senators Davis, Withers, Windom.

                       FORTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      legislative
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      army
        Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Logan, Davis.

      post office
        Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Beck, Allison, Logan.

      pensions
        Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.

      military academy
        Senators Hale, Ransom, Cockrell.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.

      district of columbia
        Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

      deficiency
        Senators Allison, Hale, Cockrell.

      agricultural
        Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.

                                 Second session

      legislative
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Davis.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      army
        Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Logan, Davis.

      post office
        Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      pensions
        Senators Logan, Dawes, Davis.

      military academy
        Senators Logan, Ransom, Cockrell.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Logan, Beck.

      district of columbia
        Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

      agricultural
        Senators Davis, Hale, Plumb.

                        FORTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

                            First and second sessions

      legislative
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      army
        Senators Logan, Plumb, Ransom.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Logan, Beck.

      post office
        Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Ransom.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      pensions
        Senators Logan, Dawes, Call.

      military academy
        Senators Logan, Ransom, Call.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Logan, Cockrell.

      district of columbia
        Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

      agricultural
        Senators Hale, Plumb, Call.

                        FORTY-NINTH CONGRESS

                            First and second sessions

      legislative
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

      district of columbia
        Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Logan, Gorman.

      pensions
        Senators Logan, Dawes, Gorman.

      agricultural
        Senators Mahone, Plumb, Call.

      army
        Senators Logan, Plumb, Gorman.

      consular and diplomatic
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call.

      military academy
        Senators Logan, Mahone, Call.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Logan, Beck.

      post office
        Senators Plumb, Mahone, Beck.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS

                                  First session

      agricultural
        Senators Plumb, Farwell, Call.

      army
        Senators Allison, Plumb, Gorman.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Allison, Beck.

      district of columbia
        Senators Plumb, Dawes, Cockrell.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Gorman.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Plumb, Call.

      legislative, etc.
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

      military academy
        Senators Allison, Farwell, Call.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Farwell, Beck.

      pensions
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Gorman.

      post office
        Senators Plumb, Allison, Beck.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Beck.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-SECOND CONGRESS

                            First and second sessions

      agricultural
        Senators Allison, Cullom, Call.

      army
        Senators Stewart, Allison, Blackburn.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Cockrell.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Allison, Blackburn.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, Dawes, Cockrell.

      fortifications
        Senators Dawes, Stewart, Gorman.

      indian
        Senators Dawes, Cullom, Call.

      legislative
        Senators Dawes, Allison, Cockrell.

      military academy
        Senators Cullom, Stewart, Call.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Allison, Gorman.

      pensions
        Senators Stewart, Cullom, Gorman.

      post office
        Senators Cullom, Stewart, Blackburn.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Gorman.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-THIRD CONGRESS

                            Second and third sessions

      agriculture
        Senators Call, Brice, Cullom.

      army
        Senators Blackburn, Cockrell, Teller.

      deficiency
        Senators Cockrell, Brice, Hale.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Blackburn, Brice, Hale.

      district of columbia
        Senators Gorman, Cockrell, Allison.

      fortifications
        Senators Call, Blackburn, Hale.

      indian
        Senators Call, Cockrell, Teller.

      legislative
        Senators Cockrell, Call, Allison.

      military academy
        Senators Brice, Call, Teller.

      navy
        Senators Gorman, Blackburn, Hale.

      pensions
        Senators Brice, Gorman, Cullom.

      post office
        Senators Blackburn, Gorman, Cullom.

      sundry civil
        Senators Cockrell, Gorman, Allison.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-FOURTH CONGRESS

                            First and second sessions

      agriculture
        Senators Cullom, Quay, Pettigrew, Call, Brice.

      army
        Senators Quay, Hale, Pettigrew, Blackburn, Faulkner.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Quay, Cockrell, Brice.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom, Blackburn, Faulkner.

      district of columbia
        Senators Teller, Allison, Cullom, Cockrell, Gorman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom, Gorman, Call.

      indian
        Senators Pettigrew, Teller, Allison, Cockrell, Call.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Teller, Allison, Cockrell, Call.

      military academy
        Senators Teller, Pettigrew, Perkins, Brice, Call.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gorman, Blackburn.

      pensions
        Senators Allison, Cullom, Perkins, Brice, Faulkner.

      post office
        Senators Allison, Pettigrew, Quay, Blackburn, Faulkner.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Teller, Gorman, Cockrell.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

                                 Second session

      agriculture
        Senators Cullom, Quay, Perkins, Pettigrew, Berry.

      army
        Senators Quay, Hale, Sewell, Faulkner, Berry.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Quay, Cockrell, Teller.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Perkins, Cullom, Faulkner, Murphy.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, Cullom, Sewell, Cockrell, Gorman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Hale, Cullom, Murphy, Gorman.

      indian
        Senators Allison, Perkins, Sewell, Cockrell, Pettigrew.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Sewell, Allison, Teller, Cockrell.

      military academy
        Senators Sewell, Perkins, Quay, Teller, Murphy.

      navy
        Senators Hale, Quay, Perkins, Gorman, Teller.

      pensions
        Senators Perkins, Cullom, Sewell, Berry, Faulkner.

      post office
        Senators Quay, Allison, Cullom, Pettigrew, Faulkner.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Quay, Gorman, Cockrell.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Hawley, Proctor, Carter, Cockrell, Harris.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Carter, Teller, Cockrell.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore, Teller, Berry.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, Sewell, Carter, Cockrell, Tillman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Wetmore, Pettigrew, Tillman.

      indian
        Senators Thurston, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, Quarles,
    Jones, Pettigrew.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Sewell, Warren, Teller, Pettigrew.

      military academy
        Senators Sewell, Warren, Bate.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                       FIFTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Hawley, Proctor, Foraker, Cockrell, Harris.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, McMillan, Teller, Cockrell.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Cullom, Wetmore, Teller, Berry.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, McMillan, Quay, Cockrell, Tillman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Quay, Tillman, Daniel.

      indian
        Senators Stewart, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, Quarles,
    James K. Jones of Arkansas, Rawlins.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

      military academy
        Senators Warren, Burrows, Bate.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

                                 Second session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Proctor, Quarles, Scott, Cockrell, Pettus.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Teller, Berry.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wetmore, Cockrell, Tillman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

      indian
        Senators Stewart, Orville H. Platt of Connecticut, McCumber,
    Dubois, William A. Clark of Montana.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

      military academy
        Senators Warren, Alger, Bate.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Cockrell, Berry.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        FIFTY-NINTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Warren, Foraker, Alger, Lodge, Bulkeley, Blackburn,
    Taliaferro, Foster.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller, Gorman.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Cullom, Elkins, Teller, Berry.

      district of columbia
        Senators Allison, Gallinger, Wetmore, Tillman, Gorman.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

      indian
        Committee on Indian Affairs.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Warren, Wetmore, Teller, Daniel.

      military academy
        Senators Warren, Scott, Hemenway, Warner, Pettus, Overman.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Gorman, Berry.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                          SIXTIETH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Warren, Foraker, Lodge, Bulkeley, Taliaferro, Foster,
    Overman.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Allison, Gallinger, Teller, Clay.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Cullom, Proctor, Clay, Foster.

      district of columbia
        Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Hemenway, Tillman, Foster.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

      indian
        Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis, Stone, Paynter.

      legislative
        Senators Cullom, Warren, Hemenway, Teller, Daniel.

      military academy
        Senators Warren, Scott, Hemenway, Warner, du Pont, Frazier,
    McCreary.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Allison, Hale, Perkins, Teller, Tillman.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                        SIXTY-FIRST CONGRESS

                                 Second session

      agriculture
        Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

      army
        Senators Warren, Bulkeley, Warner, du Pont, Dixon, Taliaferro,
    Overman, Frazier.

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis, Clay, Culberson.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Clay, Foster.

      district of columbia
        Senators Gallinger, Elkins, Curtis, Tillman, Foster.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Elkins, Tillman, Daniel.

      indian
        Senators Clapp, McCumber, Curtis, Stone, Owen.

      legislative
        Senators Warren, Elkins, Burkett, Daniel, Foster.

      military academy
        Senators Warren, Scott, Dick, Briggs, Brown, Foster, Johnston.

      navy
        Committee on Naval Affairs.

      pensions
        Committee on Pensions.

      post office
        Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

      sundry civil
        Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Tillman, Culberson.

      river and harbor
        Committee on Commerce.

                                  Third session

      deficiency
        Senators Hale, Gallinger, Curtis, Culberson, Martin.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Hale, Kean, Burkett, Foster, Overman.

      district of columbia
        Senators Gallinger, Curtis, Tillman, Foster.

      fortifications
        Senators Perkins, Warren, Burkett, Tillman, Overman.

      legislative
        Senators Warren, Burkett, Kean, Foster, Martin.

      sundry civil
        Senators Hale, Perkins, Kean, Tillman, Culberson.

                        SIXTY-FOURTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

      sundry civil
        Senators Martin, Overman, Chamberlain, Underwood, Warren,
    Gallinger.

      legislative
        Senators Martin, Overman, Bryan, Robinson, Smoot, Oliver.

      district of columbia
        Senators Smith, Lea, Owen, Robinson, Gallinger, Dillingham,
    Curtis.

      deficiencies
        Senators Martin, Bryan, Shafroth, Underwood, Warren, Smoot.

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Overman, Lea, Shafroth, Robinson, Jones, Dillingham,
    Curtis.

      fortifications
        Senators Bryan, Owen, Smith, Underwood, Oliver, Jones, Townsend.

      permanent appropriations
        Senators Tillman, Culberson, Owen, Chamberlain, Oliver, Jones,
    Townsend.

                        SIXTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

        Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate
    Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of
    Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the
    subcommittee hearings during the session.
        The session of the Congress for which it is known that the
    Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in
    parenthesis.

      deficiencies
        Senators Martin (2,3), Shafroth (2,3), Underwood (2,3), Hardwick
    (2,3), Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Jones (WA) (2,3).

      diplomatic and consular
        Senators Overman (3), Shafroth (3), Smith (MD) (3), Smith (AZ)
    (3), Pollock (3), Curtis (3), Kenyon (3), Calder (3).

      district of columbia
        Senators Smith (MD) (2,3), Owen (2,3), Robinson (2), Hardwick
    (2,3), Gallinger (2), Dillingham (2), Curtis (2,3), Smith (AZ) (3),
    Jones (WA) (3), Weeks (3).

      fortifications
        Senators Underwood (2,3), Owen (2,3), Smith (MD) (2,3), Hardwick
    (2,3), Smith (AZ) (2), Jones (WA) (2), Kenyon (2,3), Sherman (2,3),
    Gay (3), Calder (3).

      legislative, executive, and judicial
        Senators Martin (2,3), Overman (2,3), Underwood (2,3), Smott
    (2,3), Warren (2,3).

      sundry civil appropriations
        Senators Martin (2), Overman (2), Chamberlain (2), Underwood
    (2), Warren (2), Gallinger (2).

      suppression of spanish influenza
        Senators Martin (2), Overman (2), Owen (2), Smott (2), Jones
    (WA) (2), Weeks (2).

                        SIXTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

        Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate
    Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of
    Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the
    subcommittee hearings during the session.
        The session of the Congress for which it is known that the
    Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in
    parenthesis.

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2), Sherman (1,2), Newberry
    (1,2), Phipps (1,2), Underwood (1,2), Smith (MD) (1,2), Gay (1,2),
    Martin (1).

      district of columbia
        Senators Curtis (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2,3), Sherman (1,2,3),
    Hale (1,2,3), Phipps (1,2,3), Smith (MD) (1,2,3), Smith (AZ)
    (1,2,3), Gay (1,2,3), Harris (1), Glass (2,3).

      fortifications
        Senators Smoot (2,3), Kenyon (2,3), Hale (2,3), Spencer (2,3),
    Newberry (2,3), Overman (2,3), Owen (2,3), Culberson (2,3), Harris
    (2,3).

      legislative, executive, and judicial
        Senators Warren (2,3), Smoot (2,3), Kenyon (2,3), Gronna (2,3),
    Overman (2,3), Underwood (2), Smith (AZ) (2,3), Harris (2,3), Jones
    (NM) (3), Spencer (3).

      sundry civil appropriations
        Senators Warren (1,2,3), Smoot (1,2,3), Jones (WA) (1,2,3),
    Curtis (1,2,3), Gronna (1,2,3), Martin (1), Overman (1,2,3), Owen
    (1,2,3), Underwood (1,2), Glass (2,3).

                       SIXTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

        Note.--There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate
    Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of
    Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the
    subcommittee hearings during the session.
        The session of the Congress for which it is known that the
    Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in
    parenthesis.

      agriculture
        Senators McNary (2,4), Jones (WA) (2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Capper
    (2,4), McKinley (2,4), Overman (2,4), Smith (SC) (2,4), Harris
    (2,4).

      commerce and labor
        Senators Jones (WA) (2,4), Spencer (2,4), Lenroot (4), McKinley
    (4), Keyes (4), Overman (4), Newberry (2), Harris (2,4), Glass (2),
    Culberson (4).

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren (1,2), Curtis (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Newberry
    (1,2), Phipps (1,2), Glass (1,2), Culberson (1,2), Harris (1,2).

      district of columbia
        Senators Phipps (2,4), Ball (4), Dillingham (4), Curtis (2),
    Jones (WA) (2,4), Spencer (2,4), McKinley (2), Glass (2,4), Owen
    (2), Jones (NM) (2,4), Sheppard (4).

      independent offices
        Senators Warren (2,4), Smoot (2,4), Kenyon (2), Spencer (2),
    Newberry (2), Jones (WA) (4), Curtis (4), Hale (4), Overman (2,4),
    Owen (2,4), Jones (NM) (2), Glass (4).

      interior
        Senators Warren (2), Smoot (Chair) (4), Curtis (2,4), Hale (2),
    Spencer (2,4), Pipps (4), McKinley (4), Newberry (2), Overman (2),
    Harris (2,4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4).

      legislative establishment
        Senators Warren (4), Smoot (4), Curtis (4), Spencer (4), Keyes
    (4), Harris (4), Jones (NM) (4), Owen (4).

      navy
        Senators Page (2,4), Poindexter (2,4), Hale (2,4), Newberry (2),
    Phipps (2,4), Keyes (4), Swanson (2,4), Glass (2,4), Owen (2,4).

      post office
        Senators Townsend (4), Sterling (4), Phipps (4), McKinley (4),
    Lenroot (4), McKellar (4), Harris (4), Jones (NM) (4).

      reclassification of salaries
        Senators Smoot (2), Curtis (2), McKinley (2), Lenroot (2),
    Overman (2), Harris (2), Glass (2).

      state and justice
        Senators Curtis (2,4), Warren (2,4), Smoot (2,4), Hale (2,4),
    Lenroot (2,4), Overman (2,4), Jones (NM) (2,4), Culberson (2,4).
        Lodge, McCumber, Hitchcock.

      treasury
        Senators Warren (2,4), Curtis (2), Jones (WA) (2), Hale (2,4),
    Smoot (4), McKinley (4), Keyes (4), Overman (2,4), Glass (2,4),
    Harris, Culberson (4).

      u.s. veterans bureau hospital
        Senators Warren (2), Jones (WA) (2), Spencer (2), Phipps (2),
    Newberry (2), McKinley (2), Lenroot (2), Overman (2), Glass (2),
    Harris (2).

      yorktown national military park
        Senators Warren (1), Curtis (1), Jones (WA) (1), Newberry (1),
    Phipps (1), Glass (1), Culberson (1), Harris (1).

      war department
        Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (2,4), Jones (WA) (2,4), Sutherland
    (2,4), Lenroot (2,4), Spencer (2,4), Hitchcock (2,4), Harris (2,4),
    Owen (2,4).
        Fernald (2), McNary (2), Fletcher (2).

                        SIXTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

                                  First session

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Wesley L. Jones, Lenroot, McKinley, Overman, Harris,
    Broussard.
        McNary, Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale, Phipps, Lenroot, Keyes, Overman,
    Glass, McKeller, Bayard.

      district of columbia
        Senators Phipps, Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, McKinley, Glass,
    Andrieus A. Jones, Neely.
        Ball, Capper, Sheppard.

      independent offices
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Wesley L. Jones, Curtis, Hale, Overman,
    Glass, Broussard, Bayard.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Curtis, Spencer, Phipps, McKinley, Harris,
    Andrieus A. Jones, McKellar, Neely.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Spencer, Keyes, Harris, Andrieus
    A. Jones, Neely, Bayard.

      department of the navy
        Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Glass, Andrieus A. Jones,
    Broussard.
        Ball, Pepper, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor

                               (State and Justice)

        Senators Curtis, Warren, Smoot, Hale, Lenroot, Overman, Andrieus
    A. Jones, McKellar, Neely.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Lodge,
    Brandegee, Swanson.

                              (Commerce and Labor)

        Senators Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, Lenroot, McKinley, Keyes,
    Overman, Harris, Andrieus A. Jones, Broussard.

      treasury and post office departments

                                   (Treasury)

        Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale, McKinley, Keyes, Overman, Glass,
    McKellar, Broussard.

                                  (Post Office)

        Senators Warren, Phipps, McKinley, Lenroot, Harris, McKellar,
    Glass, Bayard.
        Sterling, Moses, Dial.

      war department
        Senators Wesley L. Jones, Spencer, Lenroot, Harris, Bayard,
    Neely.
        Wadsworth, Capper, Sheppard.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators ------, NcNary,
    Fletcher.

                        SIXTY-NINTH CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

        Note: There is no official, comprehensive listing of the Senate
    Appropriations Subcommittees and their members for this session of
    Congress. The following list was compiled from the records of the
    subcommittee hearings during the session.
        The session of the Congress for which it is known that the
    Senator was a member of the subcommittee is indicated in
    parenthesis.

      agriculture
        Senators McNary (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2), Capper
    (1,2), McKinley (1), Cameron (2), Overman (1,2), Smith (SC) (1,2),
    Harris (1,2), Kendrick (1,2).

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren (2), Curtis (2), Hale (2), Phipps (2), Lenroot
    (2), Keyes (2), Overman (2), Glass (2), McKellar (2), Bayard (2).

      district of columbia
        Senators Phipps (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), McKinley (1), Cameron
    (1,2), Glass (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2), Kendrick (1,2), Bingham (2).
        Capper (2), Weller (2), King (2).

      independent offices
        Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Curtis
    (1,2), Hale (1,2), Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2), Broussard (1,2),
    Bayard (1,2).

      interior
        Senators Smoot (1), Curtis (1), Phipps (1), McKinley (1), Keyes
    (1), Harris (1), Jones (NM) (1), McKellar (1), Kendrick (1).

      legislative establishment
        Senators Warren (2), Smoot (2), Curtis (2), Keyes (2), Hale (2),
    Harris (2), Jones (NM) (2), Bayard (2), Kendrick (2).

      navy
        Senators Hale (1,2), Phipps (1,2), Keyes (1,2), Cameron (1,2),
    Glass (1,2), Jones (NM) (1,2), Broussard (1,2).
        Pepper (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Swanson (1,2).

      post office
        Senators Warren (1,2), Phipps (1,2), McKinley (1), Lenroot
    (1,2), Cameron (1,2), Harris (1,2), McKellar (1,2), Glass (1,2),
    Bayard (1,2).
        Moses (1,2), Oddie (1,2), Ferris (1,2).

      state, justice, commerce and labor
        Senators Jones (WA) (1), Smoot (1), Hale (1), Lenroot (1),
    McKinley (1), Keyes (1), Cameron (1), Overman (1), Harris (1), Jones
    (NM) (1), McKellar (1), Broussard (1).
        Borah (1), Moses (1), Swanson (1).

      treasury
        Senators Warren (1,2), Smoot (1,2), Hale (1,2), McKinley (1),
    Keyes (1,2), Overman (1,2), Glass (1,2), McKellar (1,2), Broussard
    (1,2).

      war department
        Senators Wadsworth, Jr. (1,2), Jones (WA) (1,2), Lenroot (1,2),
    Cameron (1,2), Reed (1,2), Harris (1,2), Sheppard (1), Bayard (1,2),
    Kendrick (1,2), Fletcher (2).
        Fernald (1,2), McNary (1,2), Fletcher (1,2).

                         SEVENTIETH CONGRESS

                                January 14, 1928

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Overman,
    Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
        Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren, Curtis, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Overman, Glass,
    McKellar, Kendrick.

      district of columbia
        Senators Phipps, Bingham, Jones, Oddie, Nye, Glass, Kendrick,
    Copeland, Bratton.
        Capper, Sackett, King.

      independent offices
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Jones, Curtis, Hale, Keyes, Overman,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Curtis, Phipps, Keyes, Oddie, Harris, McKellar,
    Kendrick, Hayden.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Hale, Oddie, Broussard,
    Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.

      department of the navy
        Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Glass,
    Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
        Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators Jones, Warren, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye,
    Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses,
    Swanson.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Curtis, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman,
    Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
        Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale.

      war department
        Senators Reed of Pennsylvania (chairman), Jones, Warren, Oddie,
    Nye, Harris, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
        Bingham, Fletcher.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators McNary, Fletcher.

                       SEVENTY-FIRST CONGRESS

                           First session--May 8, 1929

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman,
    Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
        Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Warren, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman, Glass,
    McKellar, Kendrick.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bingham, Phipps, Jones, Nye, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick,
    Copeland, Bratton.
        Capper, Sackett, King.

      independent offices
        Senators Keyes, Warren, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Pine, Overman,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Phipps, Oddie, Nye, Pine, Harris, McKellar,
    Kendrick, Hayden.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Warren, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Glenn, Broussard, Copeland,
    Hayden, Bratton.

      department of the navy
        Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Glass,
    Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
        Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie,
    Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses,
    Swanson.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Phipps, Warren, Smoot, Oddie, Pine, Glenn, Overman,
    Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
        Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale, Steck.

      war department
        Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Warren, Bingham, Glenn, Harris,
    Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
        Greene, Fletcher.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators McNary, Burton,
    Fletcher.

                        Second session--January 11, 1930

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Pine, Overman,
    Harris, Kendrick, Hayden.
        Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Overman,
    Glass, McKellar, Kendrick.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bingham, Phipps, Nye, Pine, Glenn, Glass, Kendrick,
    Copeland, Bratton.
        Capper, Kean, King.

      independent offices
        Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Pine, Steiwer, Overman,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Jones, Phipps, Oddie, Nye, Pine, Harris,
    McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Glenn, Steiwer, Broussard,
    Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.

      department of the navy
        Senators Hale, Phipps, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Hayden, Bratton.
        Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Glenn,
    Overman, Harris, McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses,
    Swanson.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Phipps, Smoot, Oddie, Pine, Glenn, Steiwer, Overman,
    Harris, Glass, McKellar, Broussard.
        Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Dale, Steck.

      war department
        Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Bingham, Glenn, Steiwer,
    Harris, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland.
        Greene, Fletcher.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary,
    Fletcher.

                       SEVENTY-SECOND CONGRESS

                        First session--December 16, 1931

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators McNary (chairman), Jones, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck,
    Dickinson, Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Morrison, Cohen.
        Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Dale, Davis,
    Glass, McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Broussard, Byrnes.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Keyes, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
    Glass, Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
        Capper, Kean, King.

      independent offices
        Senators Keyes, Smoot, Jones, Hale, Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Kendrick, Byrnes, Cohen.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Jones, Oddie, Nye, Hale, Norbeck, Dickinson,
    McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Morrison, Bratton, Thomas.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Jones, Smoot, Hale, Oddie, Steiwer, Dale, Davis,
    Broussard, Bratton, McKellar, Morrison, Thomas, Byrnes.

      department of the navy
        Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Nye, Steiwer, Dickinson,
    Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
        Shortridge, Metcalf, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators Jones, Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Davis,
    McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton, Morrison, Cohen.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses,
    Swanson.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer, Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
    Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Morrison, Thomas, Cohen.
        Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Schall, Trammell.

      war department
        Senators Reed (chairman), Jones, Bingham, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck,
    Dale, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland, Glass, Hayden, Cohen.
        Cutting and Fletcher.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary,
    Fletcher.

                        Second session--December 10, 1932

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators McNary (chairman), Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson,
    Grammer, Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
        Capper, Smith.

      deficiencies
        Senators Hale, Smoot, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie, Dale, Davis,
    Dickinson, Glass, McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Broussard, Byrnes,
    Bratton.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bingham, Nye, Steiwer, Keyes, Dale, Davis, Grammer,
    Glass, Kendrick, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
        Capper, Kean, King.

      independent offices
        Senators Keyes, Smoot, Hale, Steiwer, Bingham, Norbeck,
    Dickinson, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Kendrick, Byrnes, Russell.

      department of the interior
        Senators Smoot, Oddie, Nye, Hale, Norbeck, Steiwer, Grammer,
    McKellar, Kendrick, Hayden, Bratton, Thomas, Tydings.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Hale, Smoot, Oddie, Steiwer, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
    Broussard, Bratton, McKellar, Thomas, Byrnes, Tydings.

      department of the navy
        Senators Shortridge (chairman), Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Oddie,
    Nye, Steiwer, Glass, Broussard, Copeland, Bratton, Thomas, Byrnes.
        Metcalf, Swanson.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators Hale, Keyes, Bingham, Nye, Oddie, Davis, Dickinson,
    McKellar, Broussard, Hayden, Bratton, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Borah, Moses,
    Swanson.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Oddie, Smoot, Steiwer, Norbeck, Dale, Davis, Dickinson,
    Glass, McKellar, Broussard, Thomas, Cohen, Tydings, Russell.
        Also on post office items: Senators Moses, Schall, Trammell.

      war department
        Senators Reed (chairman), Bingham, Steiwer, Nye, Norbeck, Dale,
    Grammer, Kendrick, McKellar, Copeland, Glass, Hayden, Cohen, Thomas,
    Russell.
        Cutting, Fletcher.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Johnson, McNary,
    Fletcher.

                       SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS

                          First session--March 21, 1933

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Kendrick, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Russell, Keyes,
    Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Bratton, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Hale, Keyes, Dickinson.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Bratton, Copeland, Coolidge, Nye, Keyes,
    Dale, Carey.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran,
    Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Kendrick, Bratton, Thomas, Adams,
    Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton,
    Hale, Dale, Townsend.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, Hale,
    Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
        Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Bratton, Kendrick, Russell, Adams, Hale, Nye,
    Dickinson, Carey.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Robinson, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, Russell, McCarran, Steiwer,
    Norbeck, Dale, Dickinson.
        Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Kendrick, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Norbeck,
    Dale, Townsend, Carey.
        Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stephens, Fletcher,
    McNary.

                                 Second session

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead, Keyes,
    Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale,
    Keyes, Dickinson.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Nye, Keyes, Carey,
    Patterson.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran,
    Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton,
    Hale, Townsend, Patterson.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, Hale,
    Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
        Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Hale,
    Nye, Dickinson, Carey.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Robinson, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Steiwer,
    Norbeck, Dickinson, Patterson.
        Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, Norbeck,
    Townsend, Carey, Patterson.
        Sheppard, Fletcher, Reed.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stephens, Fletcher,
    McNary.

                       SEVENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS

                         First session--January 12, 1935

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead,
    O'Mahoney, Truman, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale,
    Keyes, Dickinson.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Overton, Truman,
    Nye, Keyes, Carey.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran,
    Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton,
    Hale, Townsend, Carey.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo,
    Hale, Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
        Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Hale, Nye, Dickinson.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Robinson, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo,
    Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Schall.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo,
    Norbeck, Townsend, Carey.
        Sheppard, Fletcher, Cutting.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Fletcher, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                                 Second session

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead,
    O'Mahoney, Truman, Keyes, Nye, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings, Hale,
    Keyes, Steiwer.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Coolidge, Overton, Truman,
    Nye, Keyes, Carey.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran,
    Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Nye, Norbeck, Steiwer, Carey.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Coolidge, Adams, McCarran, Overton,
    Hale, Townsend, Carey.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Coolidge, Overton, McAdoo,
    Hale, Keyes, Steiwer, Townsend.
        Trammell, Walsh, Metcalf.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Hale, Nye, Dickinson.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Robinson, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo,
    Steiwer, Norbeck, Dickinson.
        Also on post office items: Senators Trammell, Hayden, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo,
    Norbeck, Townsend, Carey.
        Sheppard, Fletcher, Dickinson.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Fletcher, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                       SEVENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

                         First session--January 13, 1937

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead,
    O'Mahoney, Truman, Duffy, Nye, Townsend.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Hale, Steiwer.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Overton, Burke, Duffy,
    Hitchcock, Green, Nye, Bridges.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, McAdoo,
    Truman, Green, Hale, Steiwer, Townsend.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Burke, Green, Nye, Steiwer.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, McCarran, Overton, Bankhead,
    Duffy, Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Overton, McAdoo, Burke,
    Hitchcock, Green, Hale, Townsend.
        Walsh, Tydings, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Copeland, Burke, Hale, Nye.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Robinson, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo,
    Thomas, Hitchcock, Steiwer, Bridges.
        Also on post office items: Senators Hayden, Bailey, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo,
    Truman, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
        Sheppard, Black, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Sheppard, Bailey,
    McNary.

                        Third session--February 23, 1938

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Copeland, Tydings, Bankhead,
    O'Mahoney, Truman, Duffy, Nye, Townsend.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend.

      district of columbia
        Senators Thomas, Glass, Copeland, Overton, Burke, Duffy,
    Hitchcock, Green, Nye, Bridges.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, McAdoo,
    Truman, Green, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Burke, Green, Nye, Lodge.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, McCarran, Overton, Bankhead,
    Duffy, Hitchcock, Hale, Bridges.

      department of the navy
        Senators Byrnes, Copeland, Thomas, Overton, McAdoo, Burke,
    Hitchcock, Green, Hale, Lodge.
        Walsh, Tydings, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Copeland, Burke, Hale, Lodge.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Harrison, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, McAdoo,
    Thomas, Hitchcock, Bridges, Lodge.
        Also on post office items: Senators Hayden, Bailey, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Copeland, Hayden, Thomas, Overton, Russell, McAdoo,
    Truman, Duffy, Townsend, Bridges.
        Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Sheppard, Bailey,
    McNary.

                       SEVENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

                         First session--January 13, 1939

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      district of columbia
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
    McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Lodge, Taft, Holman.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green,
    Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

      navy department
        Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings,
    Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Harrison, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas,
    Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams,
    Maloney, Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
        Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                        First session--February 10, 1939

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      district of columbia
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
    McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Holman, Taft.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green,
    Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

      navy department
        Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings,
    Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Harrison, Borah.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas,
    Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams,
    Maloney, Chavez, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
        Sheppard, Lewis, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                        Third session--February 14, 1940

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye, Townsend, Holman.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      district of columbia
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Burke, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Maloney, Chavez, Nye, Bridges, Holman.
        King, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
    McKellar, Hale, Townsend, Nye.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Burke, Green, McCarran, Nye, Holman, Taft.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Byrnes, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green,
    Maloney, Chavez, Hale, Bridges, Taft.

      navy department
        Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Burke, Green, Tydings,
    Maloney, Hale, Lodge, Holman.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and labor
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Truman, Burke, Byrnes, Lodge, Bridges, Taft.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Pittman,
    Harrison, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Thomas,
    Hayden, Bankhead, Bridges, Lodge, Taft.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Frazier.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams,
    Maloney, Chavez, O'Mahoney, Townsend, Bridges, Lodge.
        Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                      SEVENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

                         First session--February 3, 1941

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Byrnes, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators Adams, Glass, McKellar, Hayden, Byrnes, Tydings,
    Russell, Overton, Thomas, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks.

      district of columbia
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Maloney,
    Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney.
        Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Byrnes, Russell, Adams, McCarran, Truman, Green,
    McKellar, Bankhead, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Adams, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    Green, McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, White, Gurney.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Adams, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney,
    Chavez, Bridges, White, Brooks.

      navy department
        Senators Byrnes, Glass, Thomas, Overton, Green, Tydings,
    Maloney, Lodge, Holman, Bridges.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, commerce, and justice, and labor--federal
    security
        Senators McKellar, Russell, McCarran, Bankhead, Truman, Byrnes,
    Maloney, Lodge, Bridges, White.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators George,
    Harrison, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Hayden,
    Green, Lodge, White, Gurney.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Davis.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Adams,
    Maloney, Chavez, O'Mahoney, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks.
        Sheppard, Reynolds, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Sheppard,
    McNary.

                         Second session--January 5, 1942

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Manoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez,
    Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney.
        Reynolds, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead,
    Mead, Doxey, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Doxey, Nye, Holman, White, Gurney.

      legislative establishment
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
    Doxey, Maybank, Bridges, White, Brooks.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead,
    Lodge, Holman, Bridges.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, commerce, justice, and the judiciary; department
    of labor--federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
    Mead, Lodge, Bridges, White.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Bulow, Davis.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney,
    Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks.
        Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway,
    McNary.

                       SEVENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

                         First session--January 28, 1943

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks,
    Bridges.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez,
    Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
        McCarran, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead,
    Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Reed, Burton.

      legislative and the judiciary
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
    Maybank, Bridges, White, Brooks, Burton.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead,
    Lodge, Holman, Bridges, White.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
    federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
    Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney,
    Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks, Burton.
        Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway,
    McNary.

                        Second session--January 27, 1944

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
        Smith, Wheeler, McNary.

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Lodge, Holman, Brooks,
    Bridges.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez,
    Mead, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton.
        McCarran, Tydings, Capper.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead,
    Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton, White.

      legislative and the judiciary
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
    Maybank, Bridges, White, Burton, Reed.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead,
    Lodge, Holman, Bridges, Brooks.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis

      departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
    federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
    Mead, Lodge, White, Reed, Burton.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, Lodge, White, Gurney, Reed.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney,
    Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Lodge, Gurney, Brooks, Burton.
        Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway,
    McNary.

                         Second session--April 19, 1944

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Truman,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Brooks, Reed.
        Smith, Wheeler, Capper.

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Nye, Holman, Brooks, Bridges,
    Gurney.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Maloney, Chavez,
    Mead, Nye, Holman, Burton, Ball.
        Bilbo, Tydings, Bridges.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Truman, Green, McKellar, Bankhead,
    Mead, Maybank, Nye, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Nye, Holman, Gurney, Burton, White.

      legislative and the judiciary
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Truman, Green, Maloney, Chavez,
    Maybank, Bridges, Burton, Reed, Ball.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Maloney, Mead,
    Holman, Bridges, Brooks, White.
        Walsh, Gerry, Davis.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce; department of labor--
    federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Truman, Maloney,
    Mead, White, Reed, Burton, Ball.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Ball.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Truman, Maloney,
    Chavez, O'Mahoney, Maybank, Bridges, Gurney, Brooks, Burton, Ball
        Reynolds, Thomas of Utah, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, Mrs. Caraway,
    Vandenberg.

                       SEVENTY-NINTH CONGRESS

                          First session--March 15, 1945

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
        Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Brooks, Bridges, Gurney,
    Burton, Ball, Ferguson.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead,
    Murdock, Burton, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Wherry.
        Bilbo, Tydings, Buck.

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead,
    Maybank, Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed, Wherry.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Burton, White, Willis, Wherry.

      legislative branch
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Green, Chavez, Maybank, Murdoch,
    Bridges, Reed, Ball, Ferguson.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran,
    Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, Ball, Willis.
        Walsh, Gerry, Johnson of California.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary;
    department of labor--federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings,
    Murdock, White, Burton, Ball, Bridges, Wherry.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, Johnson of California.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Willis.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Chavez, O'Mahoney,
    Maybank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Burton, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry.
        Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, McClellan,
    Vandenberg.

                        Second session--January 25, 1946

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Tydings, Bankhead, O'Mahoney,
    McCarran, Chavez, Maybank, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Willis, Ferguson.
        Thomas of Oklahoma, Wheeler, Capper.

      deficiencies
        Senators McKellar, Glass, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton,
    Thomas, McCarran, O'Mahoney, Bankhead, Brooks, Bridges, Gurney,
    Ball, Ferguson, Wherry.

      district of columbia
        Senators O'Mahoney, Glass, Overton, Thomas, Chavez, Mead,
    Murdock, Ball, Willis, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon.
        Bilbo, Tydings, Buck

      independent offices
        Senators Glass, Russell, Green, McKellar, Bankhead, Mead,
    Maybank, Murdock, Bridges, White, Brooks, Reed, Cordon.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, McKellar, Thomas, Bankhead, O'Mahoney, Green,
    McCarran, Chavez, Gurney, Willis, Wherry, Ball, Cordon.

      legislative branch
        Senators Tydings, Overton, Green, Chavez, Maybank, Murdock,
    Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, White.

      navy department
        Senators Overton, Glass, Thomas, Green, Tydings, Mead, McCarran,
    Murdock, Bridges, Brooks, White, Ball, Willis.
        Walsh, Gerry, Tobey.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary;
    department of labor--federal security
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Bankhead, Mead, Tydings,
    Murdock, White, Ball, Bridges, Wherry, Cordon.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Connally,
    George, ------.

      treasury and post office departments
        Senators Glass, McKellar, Tydings, McCarran, Hayden, Green,
    Maybank, White, Gurney, Reed, Willis.
        Also on post office items: Senators Bailey, Chavez, Langer.

      war department
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, Chavez, O'Mahoney,
    Maybank, Mead, Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon.
        Thomas of Utah, Johnson of Colorado, Austin.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Bailey, McClellan,
    Vandenberg.

                         EIGHTIETH CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Brooks, Gurney, Reed, Ferguson, Cordon, Young,
    Dworshak, Russell, Hayden, Tydings, O'Mahoney, McCarran.
        Capper, Bushfield, Thomas of Oklahoma.

      deficiencies
        Senators Bridges, Brooks, Gurney, Ball, Ferguson, Cordon, Young,
    McKellar, Hayden, Tydings, Russell, Overton.

      district of columbia
        Senators Dworshak, Ball, Young, Knowland, O'Mahoney, McCarran,
    Green.
        Cain, Flanders, McGrath.

      government corporations
        Senators Ferguson, Reed, Wherry, Saltonstall, Young, Knowland,
    Dworshak, McKellar, Overton, Russell, McCarran, Thomas.

      independent offices
        Senators Reed, Bridges, Brooks, Cordon, Ferguson, Saltonstall,
    Green, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, O'Mahoney.

      department of the interior
        Senators Wherry, Gurney, Ball, Cordon, Reed, Knowland, Dworshak,
    Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Overton.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Knowland, Gurney, Ball, Wherry, Young, Dworshak,
    McCarran, McKellar, Russell, Thomas.

      legislative branch
        Senators Young, Bridges, Saltonstall, Dworshak, Overton,
    Tydings, Green.

      navy department
        Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Brooks, Ball, Gurney, Wherry,
    Tydings, Overton, Green, Thomas, O'Mahoney.
        Robertson of Wyoming, Wilson, Russell.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators Ball, Bridges, Wherry, Brooks, Ferguson, Saltonstall,
    McCarran, McKellar, Tydings, Hayden, Green.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Hickenlooper,
    Lodge, Hatch.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Cordon, Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Tydings,
    McKellar, Hayden, Green.
        Also on post office items: Senators Flanders, Ecton, Chavez.

      departments of the army and air force
        Senators Gurney, Brooks, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon,
    Knowland, Thomas, Hayden, Overton, Russell, O'Mahoney.
        Bridges, Robertson of Wyoming, Tydings.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Revercomb, Martin,
    O'Daniel.

                        EIGHTY-FIRST CONGRESS

                        First session--February 17, 1949

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
    Hill, Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young.
        Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

      armed services
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran,
    Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Gurney, Bridges, Reed,
    Ferguson, Wherry, Cordon, Saltonstall.
        Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

      deficiencies and army civil functions
        Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender,
    McClellan, Robertson, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Reed.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Chavez, Stennis, Cain.

      district of columbia
        Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, Kilgore, McClellan, Young, Reed,
    Saltonstall.
        Hunt, Frear, Schoeppel.

      independent offices
        Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill,
    Robertson, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar,
    Ellender, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Reed, Young.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Ellender, Hill,
    Ferguson, Gurney, Wherry, Young.

      legislative
        Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges,
    Saltonstall, Young.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Wherry, Ferguson, Gurney.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon,
    Hickenlooper.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, Robertson, Cordon,
    Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, O'Conor, Langer.

                         First session--November 1, 1949

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
    Hill Kilgore, Reed, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young, Wherry.
        Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

      armed services
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran,
    Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Gurney, Bridges, Reed, Ferguson, Wherry,
    Saltonstall, Knowland.
        Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

      deficiencies and army civil functions
        Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender,
    McClellan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Reed, Young.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators ------, Stennis, Cain.

      district of columbia
        Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Maybank, Saltonstall,
    Wherry, Ferguson.
        Hunt, Frear, Dulles.

      independent offices
        Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill,
    Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry,
    Knowland.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, McKellar,
    Ellender, McClellan, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Reed, Young, Knowland.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Ellender, Hill,
    Kilgore, Gurney, Wherry, Young, Saltonstall, Knowland.

      legislative
        Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges, Young,
    Cordon

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    O'Mahoney, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Young, Knowland.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon,
    Hickenlooper.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, McKellar, Cordon,
    Reed, Bridges, Saltonstall.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Long, Langer.

                        Second session--February 7, 1950

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
    Hill, Kilgore, Young, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Wherry.
        Thomas of Oklahoma, Ellender, Thye.

      armed services
        Senators Thomas, Hayden, Russell, O'Mahoney, Chavez, McCarran,
    Maybank, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Gurney, Bridges, Ferguson,
    Wherry, Saltonstall, Knowland.
        Tydings, Byrd, Morse.

      deficiencies and army civil functions
        Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Thomas, Maybank, Ellender,
    McClellan, Chavez, Bridges, Gurney, Ferguson, Cordon, Young.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Stennis, Chapman, Cain.

      district of columbia
        Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Maybank, Ferguson, Wherry,
    Young.
        Hunt, Frear, ------.

      independent offices
        Senators O'Mahoney, Russell, McKellar, Thomas, Maybank, Hill,
    Ellender, Kilgore, Ferguson, Bridges, Cordon, Saltonstall, Wherry.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, Thomas, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender,
    McClellan, Robertson, Wherry, Gurney, Cordon, Young, Knowland.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Chavez, McCarran, Russell, Thomas, Hill, Kilgore,
    McKellar, Robertson, Knowland, Gurney, Wherry, Young, Saltonstall.

      legislative
        Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Kilgore, Bridges, Cordon,
    Saltonstall.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    O'Mahoney, Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Young,
    Knowland.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon,
    Hickenlooper.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Maybank, Hayden, Kilgore, McClellan, McKellar,
    Ellender, Robertson, Cordon, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Long, Langer.

                       EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS

                          First session--May, 31, 1951

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
    Wherry, Young, Ferguson, Cordon.
        Ellender, Hoey, Thye.

      army civil functions
        Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan,
    Robertson, Young, Cordon, Knowland, Thye, Ecton.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Holland, Stennis, Cain.

      armed services
        Senators O'Mahoney, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank,
    Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges, Wherry, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    Young, Thye.
        Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Morse.

      deficiencies
        (To be considered by whole committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Ferguson, Wherry.
        Hunt, Neely, Duff.

      independent offices
        Senators Maybank, O'Mahoney, McKellar, Hill, Ellender,
    Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye.
        Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators McMahon,
    Anderson, Bricker.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore,
    Cordon, Wherry, Young, Knowland, Ecton.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson, Knowland,
    Thye, Ecton.

      legislative
        Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, Wherry.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon,
    Hickenlooper.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, McKellar, Robertson,
    Ecton, Bridges, Saltonstall.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Neely, Langer.

                        Second session--January 22, 1952

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Russell, Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Maybank,
    Young, Ferguson, Cordon, McCarthy.
        Ellender, Hoey, Thye.

      army civil functions
        Senators McKellar, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan,
    Robertson, Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Ecton.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Holland, Stennis, Cain.

      armed services
        Senators O'Mahoney, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank,
    Hill, McClellan, Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young,
    Thye, McCarthy.
        Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Morse.

      deficiencies
        (To be considered by whole committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Hill, O'Mahoney, McClellan, Ferguson, McCarthy.
        Hunt, Neely, Duff.

      independent offices
        Senators Maybank, O'Mahoney, McKellar, Hill, Ellender,
    Robertson, Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye.
        Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators McMahon,
    Anderson, Bricker.

      department of the interior
        Senators Hayden, O'Mahoney, McCarran, Chavez, Ellender, Kilgore,
    Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ecton, McCarthy.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson, Thye,
    Knowland, Ecton.

      legislative
        Senators Ellender, Chavez, McKellar, Bridges, Saltonstall.

      departments of state, justice, commerce, and the judiciary
        Senators McCarran, McKellar, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green, McMahon,
    Hickenlooper.

      treasury and post office
        Senators Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, McKellar, Robertson,
    Ecton, Bridges, Saltonstall.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Neely, Langer.

                        EIGHTY-THIRD CONGRESS

                           First session--May 20, 1953

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Young, Ferguson, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen,
    Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez,
    Maybank.
        Aiken, Thye, Ellender.

      army civil functions
        Senators Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak,
    Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan,
    Robertson.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Martin, Case, Holland.

      armed services
        Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, Thye,
    Cordon, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, Hill,
    McClellan.
        Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd.

      deficiencies
        (To be considered by whole committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCarthy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex
    officio, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson.
        Case, Beall, Gore.

      independent offices
        Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy,
    Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore,
    Magnuson.
        Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators Hickenlooper,
    Bricker, Johnson of Colorado.

      department of the interior
        Senators Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshk, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez,
    Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson.

      labor-federal security
        Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges, Young, Dworshak, Dirksen,
    Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson.

      legislative and judiciary
        Senators Mundt, Bridges, Saltonstall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez,
    Maybank.

      departments of state, justice, commerce
        Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    Magnuson.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Smith of New
    Jersey, Hickenlooper, Green.

      treasury and post office
        Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Saltonstall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen,
    Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson.
        Also on post offce items: Senators Carlson, Duff, Johnston.

                        Second session--January 29, 1954

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture
        Senators Young, Ferguson, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen,
    Chairman Bridges ex officio, Russell, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez,
    Maybank.
        Aiken, Thye, Ellender.

      army civil functions
        Senators Knowland, Young, Cordon, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak,
    Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, Russell, Ellender, McClellan,
    Robertson.
        Also on river and harbor items: Senators Martin, Case, Holland.

      armed services
        Senators Ferguson, Bridges, Saltonstall, Knowland, Young, Thye,
    Cordon, Smith, Hayden, Russell, Chavez, McCarran, Maybank, Hill,
    McClellan.
        Flanders, Hendrickson, Byrd.

      deficiencies
        (To be considered by whole committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Dirksen, Ferguson, McCarthy, Thye, Chairman Bridges ex
    officio, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson.
        Case, Beall, Gore.

      independent offices
        Senators Saltonstall, Bridges, Ferguson, Cordon, Thye, McCarthy,
    Dworshak, Dirksen, Maybank, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Kilgore,
    Magnuson.
        Also on Atomic Energy Commission items: Senators Hickenlooper,
    Bricker, Johnson of Colorado.

      department of the interior
        Senators Cordon, Young, Knowland, Ferguson, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak, Chairman Bridges ex officio, Hayden, McCarran, Chavez,
    Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson.

      labor-health, education, and welfare
        Senators Thye, Knowland, Bridges, Young, Dworshak, Dirksen,
    Chavez, Russell, Hill, Kilgore, Robertson.

      legislative and judiciary
        Senators Mundt, Bridges, Saltonstall, Smith, Ellender, Chavez,
    Maybank.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce
        Senators Bridges, Saltonstall, Ferguson, McCarthy, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith, Dirksen, McCarran, Ellender, Hill, Kilgore, McClellan,
    Magnuson.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Smith of New
    Jersey, Hickenlooper, Green.

      treasury and post office
        Senators McCarthy, Bridges, Saltonstall, Cordon, Smith, Dirksen,
    Kilgore, Maybank, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson.
        Also on post office items: Senators Carlson, Duff, Johnston.

                       EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS

                                February 4, 1955

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
        Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Clements, Chairman Hayden ex officio, Smith, Bridges, Knowland,
    Thye, Potter.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye,
    Smith, Dworshak.
        Byrd, Johnson of Texas, Flanders.

      deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
        (To be considered by whole committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden ex
    officio, Dirksen, Young.
        Bible, Gore, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell,
    McClellan, Chairman Hayden ex officio, Dirksen, Saltonstall,
    Knowland, McCarthy, Potter.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements,
    Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

      departments of labor and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Chairman Hayden ex officio, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

      legislative
        Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin of
    Pennsylvania.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
        River and harbor, and flood control: Full subcommittee.
        Atomic energy-Tennessee Valley: Senators Hill, Ellender,
    Robertson, Hayden, Russell, ------, ------, ------, ------.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, McClellan, ------, --
    ----, ------, ------.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden,
    Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith,
    Dirksen.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post offices
        Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements,
    Chairman Hayden ex officio, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston (SC), Pastore,
    Carlson.

                                February 7, 1955

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
        Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Clements, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye,
    Smith, Dworshak.
        Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.

      deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen,
    Young.
        Bible, Gore, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell,
    McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    McCarthy, Potter.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements,
    Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

      departments of labor, and health, education, welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Chairman Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

      legislative
        Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan,
    Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden,
    Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith,
    Dirksen.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements,
    Chairman Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.

                                  June 25, 1955

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
        Ellender, Johnston of South Carolina, Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Clements, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye,
    Smith, Dworshak.
        Byrd, Johnson, Flanders.

      deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Stennis, McClellan, Holland, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen,
    Young.
        Bible, Gore, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell,
    McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    McCarthy, Potter.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Kilgore, Magnuson, Holland, Clements,
    Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Kilgore, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Chairman Hayden, Thye, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Potter.

      legislative
        Senators Clements, Chavez, Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Kilgore, Magnuson, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Pastore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Kilgore, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan,
    Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Kilgore, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden,
    Holland, Clements, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith,
    Dirksen.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, Kilgore, McClellan, Chavez, Clements,
    Chairman Hayden, McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.

                                 March 22, 1956

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Young, McCarthy, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen.
        Ellender, Johnston (SC), Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore,
    Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye,
    Smith, Dworshak.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Flanders.

      deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Pastore, McClellan, Johnson, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen,
    Young, Bridges.
        Bible, Frear, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell,
    McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Knowland, Mundt,
    Potter, Bridges.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnuson, Holland, Johnson, Russell,
    Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore,
    Chairman Hayden, Thye, McCarthy, Smith, Dworshak, Potter, Bridges.

      legislative
        Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Dirksen.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland,
    Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden,
    Holland, Pastore, Bridges, Saltonstall, McCarthy, Mundt, Smith,
    Dirksen.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Green,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Johnson, Chairman Hayden,
    McCarthy, Bridges, Dirksen, Potter.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Pastore, Carlson.

                        EIGHTY-FIFTH CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Dirksen, Ives.
        Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore,
    Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Knowland, Thye, Potter.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young, Knowland, Thye,
    Smith, Dworshak.
        Byrd, Symington, Flanders.

      deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Pastore, McClellan, Johnson, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen,
    Ives, Bridges.
        Bible, Frear, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell,
    McClellan, Chairman Hayden, Dirksen, Saltonstall, Mundt, Potter,
    Young, Bridges.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Magnuson, Holland, Johnson, Russell,
    Mundt, Young, Knowland, Thye, Dworshak.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore,
    Chairman Hayden, Thye, Smith, Dworshak, Potter, Ives, Bridges.

      legislative
        Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Dirksen.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Knowland, Saltonstall, Young, Thye, Mundt, Smith,
    Dworshak.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, Gore, Martin (PA).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Hayden, Russell, Saltonstall, Knowland,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland,
    Knowland, Young, Thye, Mundt, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Hayden,
    Holland, Pastore, Bridges, Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Dirksen,
    Knowland.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Johnson, Pastore,
    Chairman Hayden, Potter, Bridges, Dirksen, Ives.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Monroney, Carlson.

                        EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS

                                February 6, 1959

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    Dodd, McGee, Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska.
        Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

      department of commerce and related agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Monroney, Bible,
    Byrd, Dodd, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Kuchel.

      department of defense
        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McCellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Johnson, Pastore, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
    Smith, Dworshak, Mundt.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).
        Military construction: Senators Stennis, Chavez, Russell,
    Johnson, Saltonstall, Bridges.

      deficiencies, supplementals, foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Pastore, Hayden, Kefauver, Byrd, Dodd, McGee, Young,
    Hruska, Allott, Bridges.
        Frear, Bible, Beall.

      independent offices and general government matters
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland,
    Johnson, Pastore, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Allott, Saltonstall,
    Young, Smith, Kuchel, Bridges.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Kerr,
    Martin.

      interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Johnson, Russell, McClellan, Kefauver,
    Bible, Byrd, McGee, Mundt, Young, Dworshak, Kuchel.

      departments of labor and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore,
    Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Chairman Hayden, Kuchel, Smith, Hruska,
    Allott, Bridges.

      legislative
        Senators Stennis, Chavez, Hayden, Johnson, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Allott.

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak, Young,
    Mundt, Smith, Hruska.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt,
    Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland,
    Mundt, Young, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators Johnson, Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson, Holland,
    Pastore, Kefauver, Bible, Dodd, Chairman Hayden, Bridges,
    Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Dworshak.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd,
    Dodd, McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska, Bridges, Kuchel, Allott.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Yarborough,
    Carlson.

                       EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

                        First session--February 27, 1961

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies

                             (Except Forest Service)

        Senators Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland, Stennis,
    McGee, Humphrey, Young, Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Schoeppel.
        Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

      department of defense

                            (Except Civil Functions)

        Senators Chavez, Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Kefauver, Saltonstall, Bridges, Young,
    Smith, Dworshak, Mundt.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

      deficiencies, supplementals, and foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd, Hayden, Kefauver, McGee, Humphrey, Schoeppel,
    Hruska, Allott, Saltonstall, Bridges.
        Smith (MA), Bible, Beall.

      general government matters, department of commerce, and related
    agencies
        Senators Holland, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Bible, Byrd,
    McGee, Humphrey, Chairman Hayden, Smith, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Kuchel.

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson, Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell, Holland,
    Pastore, Monroney, Chairman Hayden, Allott, Saltonstall, Young,
    Smith, Kuchel, Schoeppel, Bridges.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Kerr, Anderson, Case
    (NJ).

      department of interior and related agencies

           (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

        Senators Hayden, Chavez, Russell, McClellan, Kefauver, Bible,
    Byrd, McGee, Humphrey, Mundt, Young, Dworshak, Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill, Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore,
    Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Chairman Hayden, Kuchel, Smith, Allott,
    Schoeppel, Bridges.

      legislative
        Senators Pastore, Chavez, Monroney, Humphrey, Chairman Hayden,
    Bridges, Saltonstall, Allott.

      military construction
        Senators Stennis, Chavez, Russell, Monroney, Chairman Hayden,
    Saltonstall, Bridges.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

      public works
        Senators Ellender, Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Robertson, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney, Dworshak, Young,
    Mundt, Smith, Hruska.
        Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Senators
    Hill, Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt,
    Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Pastore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Senators Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland,
    Mundt, Young, Dworshak.

      departments of state and justice and the judiciary and related
    agencies
        Senators McClellan, Ellender, Magnuson, Holland, Pastore,
    Kefauver, Bible, Stennis, Chairman Hayden, Bridges, Saltonstall,
    Mundt, Smith, Dworshak, Hruska.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Senators Fulbright,
    Mansfield, Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office
        Senators Robertson, McClellan, Chavez, Monroney, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Chairman Hayden, Hruska, Bridges, Kuchel, Allott,
    Schoeppel.
        Also on post office items: Senators Johnston, Yarborough,
    Carlson.

                           Second session--March 1962

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies

                             (Except Forest Service)

        Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, Robertson, Holland,
    Stennis, McGee, Humphrey, Young (ND), Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Case
    (NJ).
        Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

      department of defense

               (Except Civil Functions and Military Construction)

        Senators Chavez (chairman), Hayden, Russell, Hill, McClellan,
    Ellender, Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Kefauver, Saltonstall, Young
    (ND), Smith (ME), Dworshak, Mundt, Allott.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Holland (chairman), Hayden, Russell, Chavez, Ellender,
    Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore, Byrd (WV),
    Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith (ME), Dworshak, Kuchel.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Kefauver, McGee,
    Humphrey, Case (NJ), Allott, Saltonstall, Cotton.
        Smith (MA), Bible, Beall.

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson,
    Russell, Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Allott, Young (ND), Smith (ME),
    Kuchel, Hruska, Cotton.
        Hayden, Saltonstall.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Kerr, Anderson, Case
    (NJ).

      department of the interior and related agencies

           (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

        Senators Hayden (chairman), Chavez, Russell, McClellan,
    Kefauver, Bible, Byrd (WV), McGee, Humphrey, Mundt, Young (ND),
    Dworshak, Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Chavez, Russell, Magnuson, Stennis,
    Pastore, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Humphrey, Cotton, Smith (ME),
    Allott, Case (NJ).
        Hayden, Saltonstall.

      legislative
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Chavez, Monroney, Humphrey,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden.

      military construction
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Chavez, Russell, Monroney, Bible,
    Byrd (WV), Kuchel, Saltonstall, Case (NJ).
        Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Case (SD).

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan,
    Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Kefauver, Monroney,
    Dworshak, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith (ME), Hruska.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: Kerr, McNamara, Case (SD).
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Kefauver, Dworshak, Mundt, Smith
    (ME).
        Also on atomic energy items: Pastore, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Mundt,
    Young (ND), Dworshak.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland,
    Pastore, Kefauver, Bible, Stennis, McGee, Smith (ME), Saltonstall,
    Mundt, Dworshak, Hruska, Cotton.
        Hayden.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Mansfield,
    Hickenlooper.
        Department of Commerce and Certain Related Agencies: Holland,
    McClellan, Ellender, Magnuson, Kefauver, Bible, Smith (ME),
    Saltonstall, Mundt, Hayden.

      department of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Chavez, Monroney,
    Bible, Byrd (WV), McGee, Hruska, Kuchel, Allott, Cotton, Case (NJ).
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Johnston, Yarborough, Carlson.

                       EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies

                             (Except Forest Service)

        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson,
    Stennis, McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Proxmire, Young (ND), Mundt,
    Hruska, Case.
        Ellender, Johnston, Aiken.

      department of defense

               (Except Civil Functions and Military Construction)

        Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Goldwater.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell, Ellender,
    Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney,
    Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Humphrey, Bartlett,
    Proxmire, Case, Cotton.
        Saltonstall, Bible, McIntyre, Beall.

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson,
    Russell, Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND),
    Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
        Hayden.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of the interior and related agencies

           (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

        Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Humphrey, Mansfield, Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND),
    Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Pastore,
    Bible, Byrd (WV), Humphrey, Holland, Bartlett, Cotton, Smith,
    Allott, Case.
        Hayden, Saltonstall.

      legislative
        Senators Monroney (chairman), Humphrey, Bartlett, Proxmire,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden.

      military construction
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell, Bible, Ellender, McGee,
    Mansfield, Proxmire, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
        Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Goldwater.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan,
    Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott,
    Kuchel, Cotton.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: McNamara, Randolph, Cooper.
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska, Mundt,
    Smith, Kuchel.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible,
    McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland,
    Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall,
    Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
        Hayden.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett,
    Proxmire, Case, Allott.
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Johnston, Yarborough, Carlson.

                        EIGHTY-NINTH CONGRESS

                         First session--October 22, 1965

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies

                             (Except Forest Service)

        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Robertson,
    Stennis, McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Mundt,
    Hruska, Case.
        Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

      department of defense

             (Except Army Civil Functions and Military Construction)

        Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
        Byrd (VA), Symington, Thurmond.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell (GA),
    Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV),
    Monroney, Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Bartlett, Proxmire,
    Yarborough, Case, Cotton.
        Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell
    (GA), Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND),
    Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
        Hayden.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of the interior and related agencies

           (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

        Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell (GA), McClellan, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND),
    Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Russell (GA), Magnuson, Stennis,
    Pastore, Bible, Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cotton, Smith,
    Allott, Case.
        Hayden, Saltonstall.

      legislative
        Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden.

      military construction
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell (GA), Bible, Ellender,
    Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
        Hayden, Byrd (VA), Symington, Thurmond.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell (GA), McClellan,
    Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott,
    Kuchel, Cotton.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: McNamara, Randolph, Cooper.
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell (GA), Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska,
    Mundt, Smith, Kuchel.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell (GA), McClellan, Holland, Bible,
    McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland,
    Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall,
    Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
        Hayden.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett,
    Yarborough, Case, Allott.
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.

                        Second session--September 2, 1966

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies

                             (Except Forest Service)

        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell (GA), Hayden, Hill,
    Robertson, Stennis, McGee, Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Young
    (ND), Mundt, Hruska, Case.
        Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

      department of defense

             (Except Army Civil Functions and Military Construction)

        Senators Russell (GA) (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan,
    Ellender, Robertson, Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney,
    Mansfield, Saltonstall, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell (GA),
    Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV),
    Monroney, Young (ND), Saltonstall, Mundt, Smith, Kuchel, Hruska.

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Bartlett, Proxmire,
    Yarborough, Case, Cotton.
        Saltonstall, McIntyre, Tydings, Prouty.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Robertson, Russell
    (GA), Holland, Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Allott, Young (ND),
    Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Saltonstall.
        Hayden.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of the interior and related agencies

           (Except Bureau of Reclamation and Power Marketing Agencies)

        Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell (GA), McClellan, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND),
    Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Russell (GA), Magnuson, Stennis,
    Pastore, Bible, Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, McGee, Cotton, Smith,
    Allott, Case.
        Hayden, Saltonstall.

      legislative
        Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough,
    Saltonstall, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden.

      military construction
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Russell (GA), Bible, Ellender,
    Mansfield, Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel, Saltonstall, Hruska.
        Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell (GA), McClellan,
    Robertson, Hill, Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott,
    Kuchel, Cotton.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell (GA), Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Hruska,
    Mundt, Smith, Kuchel.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hickenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Marketing Agencies:
    Hayden, Ellender, Magnuson, Russell (GA), McClellan, Holland, Bible,
    McGee, Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Magnuson, Holland,
    Pastore, Bible, McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Saltonstall,
    Mundt, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
        Hayden.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Hickenlooper.

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Robertson (chairman), McClellan, Monroney, Bartlett,
    Yarborough, Case, Allott.
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.

                         NINETIETH CONGRESS

                        First session--December 20, 1967

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis,
    McGee, Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Javits.
        Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

      department of defense
        Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Ellender,
    Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith,
    Mundt, Allott, Kuchel.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell, Ellender,
    Hill, McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney, Bible,
    Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Allott.

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Proxmire, Yarborough,
    Hruska, Javits.
        Morse, Spong, Morton.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Russell, Holland,
    Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska,
    Cotton, Case, Javits.
        Hayden, Young (ND).
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Bible,
    Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case.
        Hayden.

      legislative
        Senators Bartlett (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel,
    Cotton.
        Hayden, Young (ND).

      military construction
        Senators Bible (chairman), Russell, Ellender, Mansfield,
    Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore,
    McGee, Kuchel, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Activities: Hayden,
    Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible, McGee,
    Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Holland, Pastore,
    McGee, Byrd (WV), Mansfield, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits.
        Hayden, Young (ND).
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fullbright, Sparkman,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of transportation
        Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Monroney, Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Cotton, Mundt, Smith,
    Hruska, Allott.
        Hayden, Young (ND).

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Monroney (chairman), Bartlett, Yarborough, Case,
    allott.
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.

                         Second session--March 15, 1968

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Hayden, Hill, Stennis,
    McGee, Proxmire, Yarborough, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Javits.
        Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

      department of defense
        Senators Russell (chairman), Hayden, Hill, McClellan, Stennis,
    Pastore, Magnuson, Monroney, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt,
    Allott, Kuchel.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Pastore, (chairman), Holland, Hayden, Russell,
    Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Byrd (WV), Monroney,
    Bible, Bartlett, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Kuchel, Hruska, Allott.

      district of columbia
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Hayden, Proxmire, Yarborough,
    Hruska, Javits.
        Morse, Spong, Morton.

      foreign operations
        (To be considered by entire committee)

      independent offices
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Hill, Ellender, Russell, Holland,
    Pastore, Monroney, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska,
    Cotton, Case, Javits.
        Hayden, Young (ND).
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Hayden (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), McGee, Bartlett, Proxmire, Mundt, Young (ND), Kuchel.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Hill (chairman), Russell, Magnuson, Stennis, Bible,
    Byrd (WV), Holland, Bartlett, Javits, Cotton, Case.
        Hayden.

      legislative
        Senators Bartlett (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Kuchel,
    Cotton.
        Hayden, Young (ND).

      military construction
        Senators Bible (chairman), Russell, Ellender, Mansfield,
    Proxmire, Yarborough, Young (ND), Kuchel.
        Hayden, Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Hayden, Russell, McClellan, Hill,
    Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Monroney, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore,
    McGee, Kuchel, Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case.
        (Army civil functions: Entire subcommittee.)
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
        Atomic Energy Commission-Tennessee Valley Authority: Hill,
    Ellender, Hayden, Russell, Stennis, Bible, Pastore, Kuchel, Hruska,
    Mundt, Smith.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Hichenlooper.
        Bureau of Reclamation and Interior Power Activities: Hayden,
    Ellender, Magnuson, Russell, McClellan, Holland, Bible, McGee,
    Mundt, Young (ND), Allott, Hruska, Kuchel.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Holland, Pastore,
    McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Javits.
        Hayden, Young (ND).
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fullbright, Sparkman,
    Hickenlooper.

      department of transportation
        Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Monroney, Bible, McGee, Mansfield, Bartlett, Cotton, Mundt, Smith,
    Hruska, Allott.
        Hayden, Young (ND).

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Monroney (chairman), Yarborough, Byrd (WV), Case,
    allott.
        Hayden.
        Also on post office items: Randolph, Brewster, Carlson.

                        NINETY-FIRST CONGRESS

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      department of agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Holland (chairman), Russell, Stennis, McGee, Proxmire,
    Yarborough, Byrd (WV), Hruska, Young (ND), Mundt, Fong, Boggs.
        Ellender, Eastland, Aiken.

      department of defense
        Senators Russell (chairman), McClellan, Ellender, Stennis,
    Pastore, Magnuson, Mansfield, Young (ND), Smith, Mundt, Allott,
    Hruska.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
        Central Intelligence Agency: Russell, McClellan, Ellender, Young
    (ND), Mundt.

      deficiencies and supplementals
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Pastore, Holland, Ellender,
    McClellan, Magnuson, Stennis, Mundt, Young (ND), Smith, Hruska,
    Allott.
        Russell.

      district of columbia
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Yarborough, Montoya, Pearson,
    Young (ND).
        Russell, Eagleton, Spong, Mathias.

      foreign operations
        Senators McGee (chairman), Ellender, McClellan, Holland,
    Montoya, Fong, Cotton, Pearson.
        Russell, Young (ND).

      independent offices
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnuson, Ellender, Russell,
    Holland, Stennis, Mansfield, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
        Young (ND).
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Curtis.

      department of the interior and related agencies
        Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee,
    Proxmire, Montoya, Mundt, Young (ND), Boggs, Fong.
        Russell.

      departments of labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related
    agencies
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Russell, Stennis, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Holland, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs.
        Young (ND).

      legislative
        Senators Montoya (chairman), Proxmire, Yarborough, Pearson,
    Cotton.
        Russell, Young (ND).

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Bible, Proxmire, Yarborough,
    Boggs, Pearson, Fong.
        Russell, Young (ND), Symington, Cannon, Goldwater.

      public works
        Senators Ellender (chairman), Russell, McClellan, Magnuson,
    Holland, Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, McGee, Young (ND),
    Hruska, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Case, Cotton.
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Young (OH), Cooper.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Gore, Aiken.

      departments of state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and
    related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield,
    Smith, Hruska, Case.
        Russell, Young (ND).
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Aiken.

      department of transportation
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Pastore, Bible, McGee,
    Mansfield, Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Pearson.
        Russell, Young (ND).

      departments of treasury and post office and executive office
        Senators Yarborough (chairman), Byrd (WV), Montoya, Boggs,
    Allott.
        Russell, Young (ND).
        Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.

                       NINETY-SECOND CONGRESS

                          First session--April 22, 1971

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
        Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV),
    Mansfield, Inouye, Hruska, Young, Mundt, Fong, Boggs.
        Talmadge, Eastland, Miller.

      defense
        Senators Ellender (chairman), McClellan, Stennis, Pastore,
    Magnuson, Mansfield, Bible, Young, Smith, Allott, Hruska, Cotton,
    Case.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
        Intelligence operations: Ellender, McClellan, Stennis, Young,
    Smith.

      district of columbia
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Montoya, Hollings, Percy, Boggs.
        Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias.

      foreign operations
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), McGee, Ellender, McClellan, Fong,
    Cotton, Brooke.

      housing and urban development, space, science
        Senators Pastore (chairman), Magnuson, Ellender, Stennis,
    Mansfield, McGee, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Percy.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Curtis.

      interior
        Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya,
    Inouye, Percy, Mundt, Young, Boggs, Fong.

      labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV),
    Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs, Percy,
    Brooke.

      legislative
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Ellender, Inouye, Cotton, Brooke.

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings,
    Brooke, Boggs, Percy.
        Symington, Cannon, Tower.

      public works
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Ellender, McClellan, Magnuson,
    Bible, Byrd (WV), Pastore, McGee, Mundt, Young, Hruska, Smith,
    Allott, Case, Cotton.
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Jackson, Aiken.

      state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Ellender, Pastore, Mansfield,
    Hollings, Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
        Also on diplomatic and consular Items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Aiken.

      transportation
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Bible, Proxmire, Case, Mundt, Smith, Allott, Percy.

      treasury and post office and general government
        Senators Montoya (chairman), Ellender, Inouye, Boggs, Allott.
        Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.

                         Second session--January 2, 1972

               (Ex officio committeemen's names appear in italics)

      agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
        Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye,
    Bayh, Hruska, Young, Fong, Boggs, Hatfield.
        Talmadge, Eastland, Miller.

      defense
        Senators McClellan (chairman),  Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
    Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Smith, Allott, Hruska, Cotton, Case.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
        Intelligence operations: McClellan, Stennis, Pastore, Young,
    Smith.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Hollings, Hatfield, Stevens.
        Eagleton, Stevenson, Mathias.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, McClellan, Fong,
    Brooke, Hatfield.

      housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield,
    Inouye, Bayh, Allott, Smith, Hruska, Case, Fong.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Anderson, Symington,
    Curtis.

      interior
        Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya,
    Inouye, Stevens, Young, Boggs, Hruska, Hatfield.

      labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV),
    Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Cotton, Case, Fong, Boggs, Brooke,
    Stevens.

      legislative
        Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Bayh, Cotton, Brooke.

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings,
    Brooke, Boggs, Stevens.
        Symington, Cannon, Tower.

      public works, aec
        Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Smith,
    Allott, Case, Cotton.
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Cooper.
        Also on atomic energy items: Anderson, Jackson, Aiken.

      state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
        Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings,
    Magnuson, Smith, Hruska, Fong, Brooke.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Fulbright, Sparkman,
    Aiken.

      transportation
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Bible, Mansfield, Case, Smith, Allott, Cotton, Stevens.

      treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
        Senators Montoya (chairman), McClellan, Bayh, Boggs, Allott.
        Also on post office items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.

                        NINETY-THIRD CONGRESS

                           First session--June 1, 1973

        (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator
    McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as
    ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees
    of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
        Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye,
    Bayh, Hollings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      defense
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
    Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke.
        Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore,
    Young, Hruska.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), McGee, McClellan, Chiles, Brooke,
    Hatfield, Mathias.

      housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield,
    Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens.

      interior
        Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya,
    Inouye, Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV),
    Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke,
    Stevens, Schweiker.

      legislative
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker.

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings,
    Schweiker, Mathias, Bellmon.

      public works, aec
        Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Case,
    Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon.

      state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
        Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings,
    Magnuson, Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cotton.

      transportation
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Bible, Mansfield, Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

      treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
        Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon,
    Hatfield.

                                  July 26, 1974

        (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator
    McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as
    ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees
    of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, environmental and consumer protection
        Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye,
    Bayh, Hollings, Eagleton, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      defense
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
    Mansfield, Bible, McGee, Young, Hruska, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke.
        Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore,
    Young, Hruska.

      district of columbia
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Inouye, Chiles, Mathias, Bellmon.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, McClellan, Chiles,
    Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

      housing and urban development, space, science, and veterans
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield,
    Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Stevens.

      interior
        Senators Bible (chairman), McClellan, Byrd (WV), McGee, Montoya,
    Inouye, Chiles, Stevens, Young, Hruska, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      labor, and health, education, and welfare, and related agencies
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Bible, Byrd (WV),
    Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Cotton, Case, Fong, Brooke,
    Stevens, Schweiker.

      legislative
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Cotton, Schweiker.

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Proxmire, Montoya, Hollings,
    Schweiker, Mathias, Bellmon.

      public works, aec
        Senators Stennis (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Bible, Byrd
    (WV), Pastore, McGee, Montoya, Hatfield, Young, Hruska, Case,
    Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon.

      state, justice, and commerce, the judiciary, and related agencies
        Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings,
    Magnuson, Eagleton, Hruska, Fong, Brooke, Cotton.

      transportation
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Bible, Mansfield, Case, Cotton, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

      treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
        Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Bellmon,
    Hatfield.

                       NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS

        (The names of ex officio members appear in italics. Senator
    McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator Young, as
    ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all subcommittees
    of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators McGee (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV), Inouye,
    Bayh, Eagleton, Chiles, Fong, Hruska, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.
        Talmadge, Eastland, Dole.

      defense
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore, Magnuson,
    Mansfield, McGee, Proxmire, Montoya, Inouye, Young, Hruska, Case,
    Fong, Stevens, Schweiker.
        Symington, Jackson, Thurmond.
        Intelligence operations: McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Pastore,
    Young, Hruska.

      district of columbia
        Senators Chiles (chairman), Johnston, Huddleston, Mathias,
    Schweiker.
        Eagleton, Inouye, Bartlett.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, McGee, Chiles, Johnston,
    Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Pastore, Stennis, Mansfield, Bayh,
    Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston, Mathias, Case, Fong, Brooke, Bellmon.
        Also on aeronautical and space activities: Moss, Symington,
    Goldwater.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (WV) (chairman), McClellan, McGee, Montoya,
    Inouye, Chiles, Mansfield, Hollings, Stevens, Young, Hruska,
    Hatfield, Bellmon.

      labor, health, education, and welfare
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Stennis, Byrd (WV), Proxmire,
    Montoya, Hollings, Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Brooke, Case, Fong,
    Stevens, Schweiker.

      legislative
        Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Huddleston, Schweiker,
    Mathias.

      military construction
        Senators Mansfield (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, Huddleston,
    Stevens, Bellmon, Brooke.
        Symington, Cannon, Tower.

      public works
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Byrd (WV), Pastore,
    McGee, Montoya, Hollings, Johnston, Huddleston, Hatfield, Young,
    Hruska, Case, Schweiker, Bellmon.
        Also on river and harbor items: Randolph, Muskie, Baker.
        Also on atomic energy items: Jackson, Symington, Baker.

      state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
        Senators Pastore (chairman), McClellan, Mansfield, Hollings,
    Magnuson, Eagleton, Johnston, Huddleston, Hruska, Fong, Brooke,
    Hatfield, Stevens.
        Also on diplomatic and consular items: Sparkman, Church, Javits.

      transportation
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd (WV), Stennis, Magnuson, Pastore,
    Eagleton, Case, Stevens, Mathias, Schweiker.

      treasury, u.s. postal service, and general government
        Senators Montoya (chairman), Bayh, Eagleton, McClellan, Bellmon,
    Hatfield.
        Also on Postal Service items: McGee, Randolph, Fong.

                        NINETY-FIFTH CONGRESS

                                February 23, 1977

        (Senator McClellan, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Young, as ranking minority member, serve ex officio, without vote,
    as members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd (WV),
    Inouye, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young, Hatfield, Stevens.

      defense
        Senators McClellan (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Proxmire,
    Inouye, Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Young, Case, Stevens, Schweiker,
    Brooke.

      district of columbia
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Burdick, DeConcini, Mathias, Weicker.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy,
    DeConcini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy,
    Sasser, Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), McClellan, Hollings, Bayh, Johnston,
    Huddleston, Leahy, DeConcini, Stevens, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      labor, health, education, and welfare
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd (WV), Proxmire, Hollings,
    Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case, Schweiker, Mathias.

      legislative
        Senators Huddleston (chairman), McClellan, Sasser, Schweiker,
    Weicker.

      military construction
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Inouye, Huddleston, Sasser,
    Stevens, Bellmon.

      public works
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Byrd (WV), Hollings,
    Johnston, Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield, Young, Case,
    Schweiker, Bellmon.

      state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), McClellan, Magnuson, Eagleton,
    Inouye, Burdick, Leahy, DeConcini, Weicker, Brooke, Hatfield,
    Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton,
    Johnston, Case, Mathias, Weicker.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Chiles (chairman), McClellan, Sasser, DeConcini,
    Weicker, Young.

                                February 20, 1978

        (Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Young, as ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all
    subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd, Inouye,
    Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Bellmon, Young, Hatfield, Stevens.

      defense
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Proxmire, Inouye,
    Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Bumpers, Young, Case, Stevens,
    Schweiker, Brooke.

      district of columbia
        Senators Leahy (chairman), DeConcini, Bumpers, Mathias, Weicker.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy,
    DeConcini, Schweiker, Brooke, Hatfield, Mathias.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy,
    Sasser, Mathias, Case, Brooke, Bellmon.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston,
    Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Stevens, Young, Hatfield, Bellmon.

      labor, health, education, and welfare
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings,
    Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Brooke, Case, Schweiker, Mathias.

      legislative
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Huddleston, Bumpers, Schweiker,
    Weicker.

      military construction
        Senators Huddleston (chairman), Johnston, Inouye, Sasser,
    Stevens, Bellmon.

      public works
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings,
    Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, Hatfield, Young, Case, Schweiker,
    Bellmon.

      state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Magnuson, Eagleton, Inouye,
    Burdick, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, Brooke, Hatfield,
    Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton,
    Johnston, Case, Mathias, Weicker.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Chiles (chairman), Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker,
    Young.

                        NINETY-SIXTH CONGRESS

                                  March 8, 1979

        (Senator Magnuson, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Young, as ranking minority member, are ex officio members of all
    subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Eagleton (chairman), Stennis, Proxmire, Byrd, Bayh,
    Chiles, Burdick, Sasser, Bellmon, Young, McClure, Garn, Schmitt.

      defense
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Magnuson, Proxmire, Inouye,
    Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy, Bumpers,
    Young, Stevens, Schweiker, Bellmon, Weicker, Garn, McClure.

      district of columbia
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Bumpers, Durkin, Mathias, Schmitt.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Magnuson, Byrd, Hollings,
    Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini, Hatfield, Young, Schweiker,
    Bellmon, McClure, Garn, Schmitt.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Proxmire, Chiles, Johnston, Leahy,
    DeConcini, Garn, Hatfield, Mathias, Schweiker.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Bayh, Huddleston, Leahy,
    Sasser, Durkin, Mathias, Bellmon, Weicker, Laxalt, Schmitt.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Hollings, Bayh, Johnston, Huddleston,
    Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick, Durkin, Stevens, Young, Hatfield,
    Bellmon, McClure, Laxalt.

      labor, health, education, and welfare
        Senators Magnuson (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings,
    Eagleton, Bayh, Chiles, Burdick, Inouye, Schweiker, Mathias,
    Hatfield, Weicker, Schmitt.

      legislative
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Bumpers, Durkin, Stevens, Schweiker.

      military construction
        Senators Huddleston (chairman), Johnston, Inouye, Sasser,
    Laxalt, Stevens.

      state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Magnuson, Eagleton, Inouye,
    Burdick, DeConcini, Bumpers, Weicker, Hatfield, Stevens, Laxalt,
    Garn.

      transportation
        Senators Bayh (chairman), Byrd, Stennis, Magnuson, Eagleton,
    Durkin, McClure, Mathias, Weicker.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Chiles (chairman), DeConcini, Bumpers, Schmitt, Laxalt.

                       NINETY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

                                 January 6, 1981

        (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Proxmire, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
    Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Burdick,
    Sasser.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Schmitt,
    Andrews, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye,
    Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston.

      district of columbia
        Senators D'Amato (chairman), Weicker, Specter, Leahy, Bumpers.

      energy and water development
        Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Schmitt, Cochran,
    Abdnor, Kasten, Mattingly, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings,
    Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser.

      foreign operations
        Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter,
    Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, Schmitt, D'Amato,
    Specter, Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy, Sasser.

      interior
        Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Schmitt,
    Cochran, Andrews, Rudman, Byrd, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy,
    DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Schmitt (chairman), Hatfield, Weicker, Stevens,
    Andrews, Abdnor, Rudman, Specter, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings,
    Eagleton, Chiles, Burdick, Inouye.

      legislative
        Senators Mattingly (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Bumpers,
    Hollings.

      military construction
        Senators Laxalt (chairman), Garn, Mattingly, Sasser, Inouye.

      state, justice, commerce, the judiciary
        Senators Weicker (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Cochran, Rudman,
    Hollings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bumpers.

      transportation
        Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato,
    Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini,
    Proxmire.

                       NINETY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

                            Majority--January 3, 1983

                           Minority--January 24, 1983

        (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Stennis, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
    Mattingly, Specter, Eagleton, Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Burdick,
    Sasser.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Laxalt (chairman), Stevens, Weicker, Rudman, Hatfield,
    Specter, Hollings, Inouye, DeConcini, Bumpers, Eagleton.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews,
    Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye,
    Hollings, Eagleton, Chiles, Johnston, Huddleston.

      district of columbia
        Senators Specter (chairman), Mattingly, Domenici, Leahy,
    Bumpers.

      energy and water development
        Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor,
    Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings,
    Huddleston, Burdick, Sasser.

      foreign operations
        Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter,
    Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, D'Amato, Abdnor,
    Domenici, Huddleston, Stennis, Proxmire, Leahy, Sasser.

      interior
        Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran,
    Andrews, Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston, Huddleston, Leahy,
    DeConcini, Burdick, Bumpers.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Weicker (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman,
    Specter, McClure, Domenici, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings, Eagleton,
    Chiles, Burdick, Inouye.

      legislative
        Senators D'Amato (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Bumpers,
    Hollings.

      military construction
        Senators Mattingly (chairman), Laxalt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye.

      transportation
        Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato,
    Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Eagleton.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini,
    Proxmire.

                        NINETY-NINTH CONGRESS

                            Majority--January 3, 1983

                             Minority--March 6, 1985

        (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Stennis, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), McClure, Andrews, Abdnor, Kasten,
    Mattingly, Specter, Burdick, Stennis, Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers,
    Harkin.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Rudman (chairman), Stevens, Weicker, Hatfield, Laxalt,
    Specter, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Chiles, Lautenberg.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman),  Weicker, Garn, McClure, Andrews,
    Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Stennis, Proxmire, Inouye,
    Hollings, Chiles, Johnston, Byrd, Sasser.

      district of columbia
        Senators Specter (chairman), Mattingly, Domenici, Lautenberg,
    Harkin.

      energy and water development
        Senators Hatfield (chairman), McClure, Garn, Cochran, Abdnor,
    Kasten, Mattingly, Domenici, Johnston, Stennis, Byrd, Hollings,
    Burdick, Sasser, DeConcini.

      foreign operations
        Senators Kasten (chairman), Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman, Specter,
    Inouye, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Garn (chairman), Weicker, Laxalt, D'Amato, Abdnor,
    Domenici, Leahy, Stennis, Proxmire, Johnston, Lautenberg.

      interior
        Senators McClure (chairman), Stevens, Laxalt, Garn, Cochran,
    Andrews, Rudman, Weicker, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick,
    Bumpers, Hollings.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Weicker (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Andrews, Rudman,
    Specter, McClure, Domenici, Proxmire, Byrd, Hollings, Chiles,
    Burdick, Inouye, Harkin.

      legislative
        Senators D'Amato (chairman), Hatfield, Stevens, Bumpers, Harkin.

      military construction
        Senators Mattingly (chairman), Laxalt, Garn, Sasser, Inouye.

      transportation
        Senators Andrews (chairman), Cochran, Abdnor, Kasten, D'Amato,
    Chiles, Stennis, Byrd, Lautenberg.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Abdnor (chairman), Laxalt, Mattingly, DeConcini,
    Proxmire.

                       ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS

                           Majority--January 14, 1987

                           Minority--January 14, 1987

        (Senator Stennis, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Burdick (chairman), Stennis, Chiles, Sasser, Bumpers,
    Harkin, Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter, Grassley.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Chiles,
    Lautenberg, Sasser, Rudman, Stevens Weicker, Hatfield, Kasten.

      defense
        Senators Stennis (chairman), Proxmire, Inouye, Hollings, Chiles,
    Johnston, Byrd, Leahy, Sasser, DeConcini, Stevens, Weicker, Garn,
    McClure, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran.

      district of columbia
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Lautenberg, Reid, Nickles, Grassley.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Stennis, Byrd, Hollings, Burdick,
    Sasser, DeConcini, Hatfield, McClure, Garn, Cochran, Domenici,
    Specter.

      foreign operations
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini,
    Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman,
    Specter, Nickles.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Proxmire (chairman), Stennis, Leahy, Johnston,
    Lautenberg, Mikulski, Garn, D'Amato, Domenici, Grassley, Nickles.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick,
    Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman,
    Weicker, Nickles.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Chiles (chairman), Byrd, Proxmire, Hollings, Burdick,
    Inouye, Harkin, Bumpers, Weicker, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman,
    Specter, McClure, Domenici.

      legislative
        Senators Bumpers (chairman), Mikulski, Reid, Grassley, Hatfield.

      military construction
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Proxmire, Reid, Specter,
    Garn, Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Stennis, Byrd, Chiles, Harkin,
    D'Amato, Cochran, Kasten, Weicker.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators DeConcini (chairman), Proxmire, Mikulski, Domenici,
    D'Amato.

                     ONE HUNDRED FIRST CONGRESS

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture and related agencies
        Senators Burdick (chairman), Bumpers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler,
    Kerrey, Cochran, McClure, Kasten, Specter, Grassley.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

      defense
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy,
    Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn,
    McClure, Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter.

      district of columbia
        Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Gramm, Domenici.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Sasser,
    DeConcini, Reid, Hatfield, McClure, Garn, Cochran, Domenici,
    Specter.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini,
    Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman,
    Specter, Nickles.

      hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg,
    Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Grassley, Nickles, Gramm.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick,
    Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, McClure, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman,
    Nickles, Domenici.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Inouye,
    Bumpers, Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, McClure,
    Cochran, Gramm.

      legislative
        Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Nickles, Hatfield.

      military construction
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Grassley,
    Garn, Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
    D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Grassley.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici,
    D'Amato.

                     ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS

                                  First session

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Burdick (chairman), Bumpers, Harkin, Adams, Fowler,
    Kerrey, Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles, Bond.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

      defense
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy,
    Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn,
    Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter, Domenici.

      district of columbia
        Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Bond, Gorton.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Sasser,
    DeConcini, Reid, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, Specter,
    Nickles.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini,
    Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman,
    Specter, Nickles.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Burdick,
    Bumpers, Hollings, Reid, Nickles, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman,
    Domenici, Gorton.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Burdick, Inouye,
    Bumpers, Reid, Adams, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, Cochran,
    Gramm, Gorton.

      legislative
        Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Gorton, Bond.

      military construction
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn,
    Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
    D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici,
    D'Amato.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg,
    Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.

                                 Second session

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Bumpers (chairman), Harkin, Adams, Fowler, Kerrey,
    Conrad, Cochran, Kasten, Specter, Nickles, Bond.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Sasser, Adams, Rudman, Stevens, Hatfield, Kasten, Gramm.

      defense
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy,
    Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, Garn,
    Kasten, D'Amato, Rudman, Cochran, Specter, Domenici.

      district of columbia
        Senators Adams (chairman), Fowler, Kerrey, Bond, Gorton.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini,
    Reid, Conrad, Hatfield, Garn, Cochran, Domenici, Specter, Nickles.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Johnston, DeConcini,
    Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Kasten, Hatfield, D'Amato, Rudman,
    Specter, Nickles.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers,
    Hollings, Reid, Conrad, Nickles, Stevens, Garn, Cochran, Rudman,
    Domenici, Gorton.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Adams, Conrad, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Rudman, Cochran,
    Gramm, Gorton.

      legislative
        Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Adams, Gorton, Bond.

      military construction
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Fowler, Gramm, Garn,
    Stevens.

      transportation
        Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
    D'Amato, Kasten, Domenici, Hatfield.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Domenici,
    D'Amato.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg,
    Fowler, Kerrey, Garn, D'Amato, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.

                     ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS

                                February 1, 1993

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Hatfield, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex
    officio members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular
    members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Bumpers (chairman), Harkin, Kerrey, Johnston, Kohl,
    Feinstein, Cochran, Specter, Bond, Gramm, Gorton.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Sasser, Kerrey, Domenici, Stevens, Hatfield, Gramm, McConnell.

      defense
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Johnston, Byrd, Leahy,
    Sasser, DeConcini, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Stevens, D'Amato,
    Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Nickles, Gramm, Bond.

      district of columbia
        Senators Kohl (chairman), Murray, Feinstein, Burns, Mack.

      energy and water development
        Senators Johnston (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Sasser, DeConcini,
    Reid, Kerrey, Hatfield, Cochran, Domenici, Nickles, Gorton,
    McConnell.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, DeConcini, Lautenberg,
    Harkin, Mikulski, Feinstein, McConnell, D'Amato, Specter, Nickles,
    Mack, Gramm.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Johnston, Leahy, DeConcini, Bumpers,
    Hollings, Reid, Murray, Nickles, Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Gorton,
    Hatfield, Burns.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Kohl, Murray, Specter, Hatfield, Stevens, Cochran, Gorton
    Mack, Bond.

      legislative
        Senators Reid (chairman), Mikulski, Murray, Mack, Burns.

      military construction
        Senators Sasser (chairman), Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Gorton, Stevens,
    McConnell.

      transportation
        Senators Lautenberg (chairman), Byrd, Harkin, Sasser, Mikulski,
    D'Amato, Domenici, Hatfield, Specter.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators DeConcini (chairman), Mikulski, Kerrey, Bond, D'Amato.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg,
    Kerrey, Feinstein, Gramm, D'Amato, Nickles, Bond, Burns.

                     ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS

                                January 11, 1995

        (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell,
    Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson, Kohl.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gramm (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Domenici,
    McConnell, Gregg, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Gramm,
    Bond, McConnell, Mack, Shelby, Inouye, Hollings, Johnston, Byrd,
    Leahy, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin.

      district of columbia
        Senators Jeffords (chairman), Bennett, Kohl.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton,
    McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hollings, Reid, Kerrey,
    Murray.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Mack, Gramm, Jeffords,
    Gregg, Shelby, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray.

      interior
        Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici,
    Hatfield, Burns, Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, Bumpers,
    Hollings, Reid, Murray.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Specter (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, Mack,
    Bond, Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Kohl.

      legislative branch
        Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett, Jeffords, Murray, Mikulski.

      military construction
        Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Shelby, Gregg, Reid, Inouye,
    Kohl.

      transportation
        Senators Hatfield (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Gramm, Bond,
    Gorton, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin, Mikulski, Reid.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords, Gregg, Kerrey, Mikulski.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Gramm, Burns, Stevens, Shelby,
    Bennett, Mikulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

                                October 12, 1995

        (Senator Hatfield, as chairman of the committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell,
    Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kerrey, Johnson, Kohl.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Hatfield, Domenici,
    McConnell, Jeffords, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond,
    McConnell, Mack, Shelby, Gregg, Inouye, Hollings, Johnston, Byrd,
    Leahy, Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin.

      district of columbia
        Senators Jeffords (chairman), Campbell, Kohl.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton,
    McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Johnston, Byrd, Hollings, Reid, Kerrey,
    Murray.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Mack, Jeffords, Gregg,
    Shelby, Bennett, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski,
    Murray.

      interior
        Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici,
    Hatfield, Burns, Bennett, Mack, Byrd, Johnston, Leahy, Bumpers,
    Hollings, Reid, Murray.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Specter (chairman), Hatfield, Cochran, Gorton, Mack,
    Bond, Jeffords, Gregg, Harkin, Byrd, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Kohl.

      legislative branch
        Senators Mack (chairman), Bennett, Campbell, Murray, Mikulski.

      military construction
        Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Gregg, Campbell, Reid,
    Inouye, Kohl.

      transportation
        Senators Hatfield (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton,
    Shelby, Lautenberg, Byrd, Harkin, Mikulski, Reid.

      treasury, postal service, general government
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Jeffords, Campbell, Kerrey,
    Mikulski.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Mikulski, Leahy, Johnston, Lautenberg, Kerrey.

                     ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS

                                January 28, 1997

        (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell,
    Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Byrd, Leahy.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell,
    Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Mikulski.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond,
    McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy,
    Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.

      district of columbia
        Senators Faircloth (chairman), Hutchison, Boxer.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell,
    Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski,
    Murray.

      interior
        Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns,
    Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Bumpers, Hollings, Reid,
    Dorgan, Boxer.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg,
    Faircloth, Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Kohl, Murray.

      legislative branch
        Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer.

      military construction
        Senators Burns (chairman). Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray,
    Reid, Inouye.

      transportation
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton,
    Bennett, Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Campbell,
    Craig, Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Boxer.

                                  July 8, 1998

        (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell,
    Burns, Bumpers, Harkin, Kohl, Leahy, Boxer.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell,
    Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers, Lautenberg,
    Mikulski.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond,
    McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy,
    Bumpers, Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan.

      district of columbia
        Senators Faircloth (chairman), Hutchison, Boxer.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell,
    Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Stevens, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski,
    Murray.

      interior
        Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns,
    Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Bumpers, Hollings, Reid,
    Dorgan, Boxer.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Bond, Gregg,
    Faircloth, Craig, Hutchison, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Bumpers,
    Reid, Kohl, Murray.

      legislative branch
        Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Dorgan, Boxer.

      military construction
        Senators Burns (chairman), Hutchison, Faircloth, Craig, Murray,
    Reid, Inouye.

      transportation
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton,
    Bennett, Faircloth, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Faircloth, Kohl, Mikulski.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Stevens, Shelby, Campbell,
    Craig, Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Byrd.

                     ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS

                                February 5, 1999

        (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, Gorton, McConnell,
    Burns, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell,
    Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Lautenberg, Mikulski, Leahy.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond,
    McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy,
    Lautenberg, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin.

      district of columbia
        Senators Hutchison (chairman), Kyl, Durbin.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, McConnell,
    Bennett, Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Lautenberg, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray.

      interior
        Senators Gorton (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns,
    Bennett, Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Kohl,
    Feinstein.

      labor, health and human services, educationlc
        Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gorton, Gregg, Craig,
    Hutchison, Stevens, Kyl, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl,
    Murray, Feinstein.

      legislative branch
        Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Craig, Feinstein, Durbin.

      military construction
        Senators Burns (chairman), Hutchison, Craig, Kyl, Murray, Reid,
    Inouye.

      transportation
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Domenici, Specter, Bond, Gorton,
    Bennett, Campbell, Lautenberg, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, Kyl, Dorgan, Mikulski.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Shelby, Craig, Hutchison, Kyl,
    Mikulski, Leahy, Lautenberg, Harkin, Byrd.

                    ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS

                                February 1, 2001

        (Senator Stevens, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Byrd, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Cochran (chairman), Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns,
    Craig, Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Johnson.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Gregg (chairman), Stevens, Domenici, McConnell,
    Hutchison, Campbell, Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl,
    Murray.

      defense
        Senators Stevens (chairman), Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond,
    McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison, Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy,
    Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein.

      district of columbia
        Senators DeWine (chairman), Hutchison, Landrieu, Durbin.

      energy and water development
        Senators Domenici (chairman), Cochran, McConnell, Bennett,
    Burns, Craig, Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan, Feinstein.

      foreign operations
        Senators McConnell (chairman), Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Bond, Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin, Johnson,
    Landrieu.

      interior
        Senators Burns (chairman), Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Bennett,
    Gregg, Campbell, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Feinstein,
    Murray.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Specter (chairman), Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison,
    Stevens, DeWine, Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray,
    Landrieu.

      legislative branch
        Senators Bennett (chairman), Stevens, Durbin, Johnson.

      military construction
        Senators Hutchison (chairman), Burns, Craig, DeWine, Feinstein,
    Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu.

      transportation
        Senators Shelby (chairman), Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell,
    Hutchison, Murray, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Campbell (chairman), Shelby, DeWine, Dorgan, Mikulski,
    Landrieu.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Bond (chairman), Burns, Shelby, Craig, Domenici,
    DeWine, Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl, Johnson.

                                  June 6, 2001

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)
        Note.--From January 3 to January 20, 2001 the Democrats held the
    majority, thanks to the deciding vote of outgoing Democratic Vice
    President Al Gore. Senator Thomas A. Daschle became majority leader
    at that time. Starting January 20, 2001, the incoming Republican
    Vice President Richard Cheney held the deciding vote, giving the
    majority to the Republicans. Senator Trent Lott resumed his position
    as majority leader. On May 24, 2001, Senator James Jeffords of
    Vermont announced his switch from Republican to Independent status,
    effective June 6, 2001. Jeffords announced that he would caucus with
    the Democrats, changing control of the evenly divided Senate from
    the Republicans to the Democrats. Senator Thomas A. Daschle became
    majority leader once again on June 6, 2001.
        There were no subcommittee chairmen designated from June 6, 2001
    to July 10, 2001.

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Kohl, Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin, Cochran,
    Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, ------.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings, Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, ------, Gregg,
    Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison, Campbell.

      defense
        Senators Inouye, Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin, Dorgan, Durbin,
    ------, Stevens, Cochran, Specter, Domenici, Bond, McConnell,
    Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison.

      district of columbia
        Senators Durbin, Hutchison, Kyl.

      energy and water development
        Senators Reid, Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Kohl, Dorgan, Domenici,
    Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns, Craig, ------.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy, Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Murray, ------,
    McConnell, Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett, Campbell, Bond.

      interior
        Senators ------, Byrd, Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan, Kohl,
    Feinstein, Stevens, Cochran, Domenici, Burns, Bennett, Gregg,
    Campbell.

      labor, health and human services, educationlc
        Senators Harkin, Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl, Murray,
    Feinstein, Specter, Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison, Stevens, Kyl,
    ------.

      legislative branch
        Senators Feinstein, Durbin, Bennett, Stevens, Craig.

      military construction
        Senators Murray, Reid, Inouye, Burns, Hutchison, Craig, Kyl.

      transportation
        Senators ------, Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Murray, Shelby,
    Domenici, Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell, ------.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Dorgan, Mikulski, Campbell, Shelby, Kyl.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski, Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, ------, Bond, Burns,
    Shelby, Craig, Hutchison, Kyl.

                                  July 11, 2001

        (Senator Byrd, as chairman of the Committee, and Senator
    Stevens, as ranking minority member of the Committee, are ex officio
    members of all subcommittees of which they are not regular members.)

      agriculture, rural development, and related agencies
        Senators Kohl (chairman), Harkin, Dorgan, Feinstein, Durbin,
    Johnson, Murray, Cochran, Specter, Bond, McConnell, Burns, Craig.

      commerce, justice, state, and judiciary
        Senators Hollings (chairman), Inouye, Mikulski, Leahy, Kohl,
    Murray, Reed, Gregg, Stevens, Domenici, McConnell, Hutchison,
    Campbell.

      defense
        Senators Inouye (chairman), Hollings, Byrd, Leahy, Harkin,
    Dorgan, Durbin, Reid, Feinstein, Kohl, Stevens, Cochran, Specter,
    Domenici, Bond, McConnell, Shelby, Gregg, Hutchison.

      district of columbia
        Senators Landrieu (chairman), Durbin, Reed, DeWine, Hutchison.

      energy and water development
        Senators Reid (chairman), Byrd, Hollings, Murray, Dorgan,
    Feinstein, Harkin, Domenici, Cochran, McConnell, Bennett, Burns,
    Craig.

      foreign operations
        Senators Leahy (chairman), Inouye, Harkin, Mikulski, Durbin,
    Johnson, Landrieu, Reed, McConnell, Specter, Gregg, Shelby, Bennett,
    Campbell, Bond.

      interior
        Senators Byrd (chairman), Leahy, Hollings, Reid, Dorgan,
    Feinstein, Murray, Inouye, Burns, Stevens, Cochran, Domenici,
    Bennett, Gregg, Campbell.

      labor, health and human services, education
        Senators Harkin (chairman), Hollings, Inouye, Reid, Kohl,
    Murray, Landrieu, Byrd, Specter, Cochran, Gregg, Craig, Hutchison,
    Stevens, DeWine.

      legislative branch
        Senators Durbin (chairman), Johnson, Reed, Bennett, Stevens.

      military construction
        Senators Feinstein (chairman), Inouye, Johnson, Landrieu, Reid,
    Hutchison, Burns, Craig, DeWine.

      transportation
        Senators Murray (chairman), Byrd, Mikulski, Reid, Kohl, Durbin,
    Leahy, Shelby, Specter, Bond, Bennett, Campbell, Hutchison.

      treasury and general government
        Senators Dorgan (chairman), Mikulski, Landrieu, Reed, Campbell,
    Shelby, DeWine.

      va-hud-independent agencies
        Senators Mikulski (chairman), Leahy, Harkin, Byrd, Kohl,
    Johnson, Hollings, Bond, Burns, Shelby, Craig, Domenici, DeWine.
                           Membership of the Committee

    (BY STATE AND TERM OF SERVICE)

    (Democrats in italic; Republicans in roman; Other in small caps)

    ALABAMA

    Name

    Service on Committee

    Bankhead, John H., II

    Jan. 4, 1934-June 12, 1946

    Hill, J. Lister

    Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 2, 1969

    Shelby, Richard C

    Jan. 3, 1995-

    Underwood, Oscar W

    Dec. 13, 1915-June 2, 1920

    ALASKA

    Bartlett, E.L

    Feb. 25, 1963-Dec. 11, 1968

    Stevens, Ted

    Feb. 23, 1972-

    ARIZONA

    Cameron, Ralph H

    Dec. 15, 1925-Mar. 3, 1927

    DeConcini, Dennis W

    Jan. 10, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

    Hayden, Carl T

    Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1969

    Kyl, Jon

    Jan. 7, 1999-Jan 25, 2001

    June 6, 2001-July 10, 2001

    Smith, Marcus A

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

    ARKANSAS

    Berry, James H

    May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1907

    Bumpers, Dale

    Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 6, 1999

    Dorsey, Stephen W

    Feb. 13, 1874-Mar. 3, 1879

    McClellan, John L

    Jan. 10, 1949-Nov. 28, 1977

    Robinson, Joseph T

    Dec. 13, 1915-Sept. 9, 1918

    CALIFORNIA

    Booth, Newton

    Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

    Boxer, Barbara

    Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 7, 1999

    Cole, Cornelius

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1873

    Feinstein, Dianne

    Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 3, 1995

    Jan. 7, 1999-

    Knowland, William F

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949

    July 26, 1949-Jan. 2, 1959

    Kuchel, Thomas H

    Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

    McAdoo, William Gibbs

    Jan. 3, 1935-Nov. 8, 1938

    Perkins, George C

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1915

    Sargent, Aaron A

    Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1879

    COLORADO

    Adams, Alva B

    Mar. 9, 1933-Dec. 1, 1941

    Allott, Gordon

    Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1973

    Campbell, Ben Nighthorse

    Oct. 12, 1995-

    Phipps, Lawrence C

    May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1931

    Shafroth, John F

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1919

    Teller, Henry M.\1\

    Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1909

    CONNECTICUT

    Bingham, Hiram

    Dec. 14, 1926-Mar. 3, 1933

    Dodd, Thomas J

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 10, 1961

    Eaton, William W

    Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 19, 1875

    Mar. 9, 1877-Dec. 5, 1878

    Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

    Maloney, Francis T

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 16, 1945

    Weicker, Lowell P., Jr

    Feb. 22, 1977-Jan. 2, 1989

    DELAWARE

    Bayard, Thomas F., Jr

    Dec. 10, 1923-Dec. 13, 1927

    Boggs, J. Caleb

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1973

    Townsend, John G., Jr

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1941

    FLORIDA

    Bryan, Nathan P

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

    Call, Wilkinson

    Dec. 10, 1883-Mar. 3, 1897

    Chiles, Lawton M

    Jan. 4, 1873-Jan. 2, 1989

    Holland, Spessard L

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1971

    Mack, Connie

    Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 2, 2001

    GEORGIA

    Clay, Alexander S

    June 21, 1906-Nov. 13, 1910

    Cohen, John S

    Apr. 25, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933

    Fowler, Wyche, Jr

    Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

    Hardwick, Thomas W

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1919

    Harris, William J

    May 28, 1919-Apr. 18, 1932

    Mattingly, Mack F

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

    Russell, Richard B., Jr

    Jan. 10, 1933-Jan. 21, 1971

    HAWAII

    Fong, Hiram, L

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

    Inouye, Daniel K

    Jan. 28, 1971-

    IDAHO

    Craig, Larry

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    Dworshak, Henry C

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1949

    Jan. 13, 1953-July 23, 1962

    McClure, James A

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1991

    ILLINOIS

    Brooks, C. Wayland

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1949

    Cullom, Shelby M

    Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 22, 1909

    Dirksen, Everett M

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 20, 1959

    Durbin, Richard J

    Jan. 7, 1999-

    Farwell, Charles B

    Dec. 12, 1887-Mar. 3, 1891

    Glenn, Otis F

    Apr. 22, 1929-Dec. 14, 1931

    Logan, John A

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

    Dec. 14, 1885-Dec. 26, 1886

    McKinley, William B

    Apr. 18, 1921-Dec. 7, 1926

    Percy, Charles H

    Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1972

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 12, 1973

    Sherman, Lawrence Y

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

    INDIANA

    Bayh, Birch E

    Aug. 2, 1972-Jan. 2, 1981

    Hemenway, James A

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1909

    Willis, Raymond E

    Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

    IOWA

    Allison, William B

    Mar. 12, 1873-Aug. 4, 1908

    Dickinson, Lester J

    Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1937

    Grassley, Charles E

    Jan. 6, 1987-Feb. 5, 1991

    Grimes, James W

    Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 6, 1869

    Harkin, Tom

    Feb. 21, 1985-

    Kenyon, William S

    Mar. 12, 1917-Feb. 24, 1922

    KANSAS

    Curtis, Charles

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 4, 1913

    Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 3, 1929

    Pearson, James B

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 29, 1971

    Plumb, Preston B

    Mar. 18, 1881-Dec. 20, 1891

    Reed, Clyde M

    Jan. 14, 1943-Nov. 8, 1949

    Schoeppel, Andrew F

    Jan. 13, 1961-Jan. 21, 1962

    KENTUCKY

    Beck, James B

    Mar. 9, 1877-May 3, 1890

    Blackburn, Joseph C.S

    May 27, 1890-Mar. 3, 1897

    Clements, Earle C

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1957

    Huddleston, Walter D

    Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1985

    McConnell, Mitch

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    Stevenson, John W

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 9, 1875

    LOUISIANA

    Broussard, Edwin S

    Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 3, 1933

    Ellender, Allen J

    Jan. 10, 1949-July 27, 1972

    Foster, Murphy J

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1913

    Gay, Edward J

    Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1921

    Johnston, J. Bennett

    Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1997

    Landrieu, Mary

    Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001

    July 10, 2001-

    Overton, John H

    Mar. 9, 1933-May 14, 1948

    West, J. Rodman

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 3, 1877

    MAINE

    Blaine, James G

    Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 18, 1881

    Fessenden, William Pitt

    Mar. 8, 1869-Sept. 9, 1869

    Hale, Eugene

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1911

    Hale, Frederick

    May 28, 1919-Jan. 2, 1941

    Morrill, Lot M

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1869

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    Dec. 6, 1872- July 7, 1876

    Smith, Margaret Chase

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1973

    White, Wallace H., Jr

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

    MARYLAND

    Gorman, Arthur P

    Mar. 13, 1885- Mar. 3, 1899

    Dec. 18, 1905-June 4, 1906

    Mathias, Charles McC., Jr

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 5, 1981

    Mikulski, Barbara A

    Jan. 6, 1987-

    Sarbanes, Paul S

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    Smith, John Walter

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1921

    Tydings, Millard E

    Dec. 6, 1932-Jan. 10, 1949

    MASSACHUSETTS

    Brooke, Edward W

    Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1979

    Coolidge, Marcus A

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

    Dawes, Henry L

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1893

    Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr

    Feb. 16, 1938-Feb. 3, 1944

    Saltonstall, Leverett

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1967

    Weeks, John W

    Sept. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

    Wilson, Henry

    Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 8, 1870

    MICHIGAN

    Ferguson, Homer J

    Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

    McMillan, James

    Feb. 7, 1902-Aug. 10, 1902

    Newberry, Truman H

    May 28, 1919-Nov. 18, 1922

    Potter, Charles E

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1959

    Riegle, Donald W

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    Townsend, Charles E

    Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 12, 1917

    MINNESOTA

    Ball, Joseph H

    Feb. 21, 1944-Jan. 2, 1949

    Humphrey, Hubert H

    Jan. 10, 1961-Dec. 29, 1964

    Thye, Edward J

    Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1959

    Windom, William

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 14, 1881

    MISSISSIPPI

    Ames, Adelbert

    Mar. 12, 1873-Jan. 10, 1874

    Cochran, Thad

    Jan. 5, 1981-

    Doxey, Wall

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1943

    Stennis, John C

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1989

    MISSOURI

    Bond, Christopher S

    Feb. 5, 1991-

    Cockrell, Francis M

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1905

    Eagleton, Thomas F

    Jan. 4, 1973-Feb. 21, 1985

    Patterson, Roscoe C

    Jan. 11, 1934-Jan. 2, 1935

    Spencer, Selden P

    May 28, 1919-May 16, 1925

    Truman, Harry S

    Jan. 3, 1935-Jan. 18, 1945

    MONTANA

    Burns, Conrad

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    Carter, Thomas H

    Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1901

    Dixon, Joseph M

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Ecton, Zales N

    Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1953

    Mansfield, Michael J

    Feb. 25, 1963-Jan. 2, 1977

    Melcher, John

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    NEBRASKA

    Burke, Edward R

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1941

    Burkett, Elmer J

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

    Hruska, Roman L

    Jan. 20, 1959-Dec. 27, 1976

    Kerrey, J. Robert

    Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1997

    Wherry, Kenneth S

    Jan. 18, 1945-Nov. 29, 1951

    NEVADA

    Bible, Alan H

    Jan. 14, 1959-Dec. 17, 1974

    Laxalt, Paul D

    Dec. 18, 1974-Jan. 23, 1975

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1987

    McCarran, Patrick A

    Mar. 9, 1933-Sept. 28, 1954

    Nixon, George S

    May 1, 1911-June 5, 1912

    Oddie, Tasker L

    Dec. 13, 1927-Mar. 3, 1933

    Reid, Harry

    Jan. 6, 1987-

    Stewart, William M

    Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 15, 1893

    NEW HAMPSHIRE

    Bridges, H. Styles

    Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 26, 1961

    Cotton, Norris

    Feb. 2, 1962-Dec. 31, 1974

    Durkin, John A

    Jan. 23, 1979-Dec. 29, 1980

    Gallinger, Jacob H

    Dec. 1, 1903-Aug. 17, 1918

    Gregg, Judd

    Jan. 3, 1995-

    Keyes, Henry W

    Dec. 5, 1922-Jan. 2, 1937

    Rudman, Warren B

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

    NEW JERSEY

    Case, Clifford P

    Feb. 2, 1962-Jan. 2, 1979

    Kean, John

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

    Lautenberg, Frank R

    Feb. 21, 1985-Jan. 2, 2001

    Sewell, William J

    May 11, 1897-Dec. 27, 1901

    Stockton, John P

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    NEW MEXICO

    Bratton, Sam G

    Jan. 5, 1928-June 24, 1933

    Chavez, Dennis

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 6, 1947

    May 26, 1948-Nov. 18, 1962

    Domenici, Pete V

    Jan. 3, 1983-

    Jones, Andrieus A

    June 2, 1920-Dec. 20, 1927

    Montoya, Joseph M

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

    Schmitt, Harrison H

    Jan. 25, 1979-Jan. 2, 1983

    NEW YORK

    Calder, William M

    Sept. 3, 1918-May 28, 1919

    Conkling, Roscoe

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

    Copeland, Royal S

    Dec. 13, 1927-June 17, 1938

    D'Amato, Alfonse M

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1995

    Ives, Irving M

    May 22, 1957-Jan. 2, 1959

    Javits, Jacob K

    Aug. 8, 1962-Feb. 25, 1963

    Jan. 16, 1967-Jan. 14, 1969

    Mead, James M

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1947

    Murphy, Edward, Jr

    May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1899

    NORTH CAROLINA

    Faircloth, Lauch

    Jan. 9. 1997-Jan. 6, 1999

    Morrison, Cameron A

    Jan. 5, 1931-Dec. 4, 1932

    Overman, Lee S

    Dec. 8, 1910-Dec. 12, 1930

    Pool, John

    Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    Ransom, Matt W

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

    NORTH DAKOTA

    Andrews, Mark

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

    Burdick, Quentin N

    Feb. 11, 1977-Sept. 8, 1992

    Conrad, Kent

    Sept. 18, 1992-Jan. 7, 1993

    Dorgan, Byron

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    Gronna, Asle J

    May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1921

    Nye, Gerald P

    Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1945

    Young, Milton R

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1981

    OHIO

    Brice, Calvin S

    Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1897

    Burton, Harold H

    Jan. 14, 1943-Sept. 30, 1945

    DeWine, Mike

    Jan. 25, 2001-

    Taft, Robert A

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 21, 1941

    OKLAHOMA

    Bellmon, Henry L

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

    Monroney, A.S. Mike

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

    Nickles, Don

    Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 2, 1995

    Owen, Robert L

    May 1, 1911-Dec. 10, 1923

    Pine, W.B

    Apr. 22, 1929-Mar. 3, 1931

    Thomas, J.W. Elmer

    Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1951

    OREGON

    Bourne, Jonathan, Jr

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Chamberlain, George E

    Mar. 15, 1913-May 28, 1919

    Cordon, Guy

    Dec. 18, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

    Hatfield, Mark O

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1997

    Holman, Rufus C

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 2, 1945

    Steiwer, Frederick

    Jan. 11, 1930-Jan. 31, 1938

    PENNSYLVANIA

    Buckle, Charles R

    Dec. 10, 1868-Mar. 3, 1869

    Davis, James J

    Dec. 14, 1931-Mar. 9, 1933

    Oliver, George T

    Aug. 8, 1912-Mar. 3, 1917

    Quay, Matthew S

    Dec. 30, 1895-Dec. 15, 1899

    Dec. 18, 1901-May 28, 1904

    Schneider, Richard S

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

    Specter, Arlen

    Jan. 5, 1981-

    Wallace, William A

    Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 9, 1877

    Dec. 5, 1878-Mar. 3, 1881

    RHODE ISLAND

    Green, Theodore Francis

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 10, 1949

    Pastore, John O

    Jan. 9, 1957-Dec. 28, 1976

    Reed, Jack

    July 10, 2001-

    Sprague, William

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1875

    Wetmore, George P

    Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1907

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    SOUTH CAROLINA

    Benet, Christie

    July 11, 1918-Nov. 5, 1918

    Byrnes, James F

    Dec. 14, 1931-July 8, 1941

    Hollings, Ernest F

    Jan. 28, 1971-

    Lumpkin, Alva M

    July 31, 1941-Aug. 1, 1941

    Maybank, Burnet R

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

    Jan. 10, 1949-Sept. 1, 1954

    Peace, Roger C

    Aug. 7, 1941-Nov. 4, 1941

    Pollock, William P

    Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

    Sawyer, Frederick A

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1873

    Tillman, Benjamin R

    Dec. 15, 1899-July 3, 1918

    SOUTH DAKOTA

    Abdnor, James

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

    Gamble, Robert J

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Gurney, Chan

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1951

    Hitchcock, Herbert E

    Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 8, 1938

    Johnson, Tim

    Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001

    July 10, 2001-

    Mundt, Karl E

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 29, 1971

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1973

    Norbeck, Peter

    Dec. 14, 1931-Dec. 20, 1936

    Pettigrew, Richard F

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1901

    TENNESSEE

    Kefauver, C. Estes

    Jan. 14, 1959-Aug. 10, 1963

    Lea, Luke

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

    McKellar, Kenneth D

    Dec. 10, 1923-Jan. 2, 1953

    Sasser, James R

    Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

    TEXAS

    Culberson, Charles A

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1923

    Gramm, Phil

    Feb. 2, 1989-Oct. 12, 1995

    Hutchison, Kay Bailey

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    Johnson, Lyndon B

    Mar. 22, 1956-Jan. 3, 1961

    Yarborough, Ralph W

    Jan. 8, 1965-Jan. 2, 1971

    UTAH

    Bennett, Robert F

    Jan. 4, 1995-

    Garn, Jake

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1993

    Murdock, Abe

    Feb. 28, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

    Smoot, Reed

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1933

    VERMONT

    Dale, Porter H

    Dec. 14, 1931-Oct. 6, 1933

    Dillingham, William P

    Mar. 15, 1913-Sept. 3, 1918

    Edmunds, George F

    Dec. 8, 1870-Dec. 6, 1872

    Jeffords, James M

    Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 2, 1997

    Leahy, Patrick J

    Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 7, 1997

    Proctor, Redfield

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 4, 1908

    VIRGINIA

    Daniel, John W

    Dec. 18, 1901-June 29, 1910

    Glass, Carter

    Feb. 13, 1920-May 28, 1946

    Mahone, William

    Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1887

    Martin, Thomas S

    Dec. 8, 1910-Nov. 12, 1919

    Robertson, A. Willis

    Jan. 10, 1949-July 26, 1949

    Jan. 12, 1950-Jan. 15, 1951

    May 21, 1951-Dec. 30, 1966

    Withers, Robert E

    Mar. 19, 1875-Mar. 3, 1881

    WASHINGTON

    Adams, Brock

    Feb. 2, 1898-Jan. 2, 1993

    Gorton, Slade

    Feb. 5, 1991-Jan. 3, 2001

    Grammar, Elijah S

    Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 3, 1933

    Jones, Wesley L

    Mar. 15, 1913-Nov. 19, 1932

    Magnuson, Warren G

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1981

    Murray, Patty

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    WEST VIRGINIA

    Byrd, Robert C

    Jan. 14, 1959-

    Davis, Henry G

    Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1883

    Elkins, Stephen B

    Dec. 14, 1904-Jan. 4, 1911

    Faulkner, Charles J

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1899

    Kilgore, Harley M

    Jan. 10, 1949-Feb. 28, 1956

    Neely, Matthew M

    Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 9, 1925

    WISCONSIN

    Duffy, F. Ryan

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1939

    Howe, Timothy O

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

    Kasten, Robert W., Jr

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

    Kohl, Herb

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    Lenroot, Irvine L

    Mar. 16, 1922-Mar. 3, 1927

    McCarthy, Joseph R

    Jan. 15, 1951-May 21, 1951

    Jan. 14, 1952-May 2, 1957

    Proxmire, William

    Aug. 23, 1963-Jan. 2, 1989

    WYOMING

    Carey, Robert D

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

    Kendrick, John B

    Mar. 9, 1925-Nov. 3, 1933

    McGee, Gale W

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1977

    O'Mahoney, Joseph C

    Jan. 4, 1934-Jan. 2, 1953

    Warren, Francis E

    Dec. 15, 1899-Nov. 24, 1929

    \1\ Republican, 1893-1897; Silver Republican, 1897-1901; Democrat, 1901-
    1909.

    NOTE.--From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice President
    and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending on
    March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was
    adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became
    January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential
    term became January 20.
                Alphabetical Listing of Members of the Committee

    (INCLUDING STATE AND SERVICE ON COMMITTEE)

    (Democrats in italics; Republicans in roman; others in small caps)

    A

    Abdnor, James

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1887

    Adams, Alva B

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-Dec. 1, 1941

    Adams, Brock

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

    Allison, William B

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1873-Aug. 4, 1908

    Allott, Gordon

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1973

    Ames, Adelbert

        Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1873-Jan. 10, 1874

    Andrews, Mark

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

    B

    Ball, Joseph H

        Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 21, 1944-Jan. 2, 1949

    Bankhead, John H., II

        Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1934-June 12, 1946

    Bartlett, E.L

        Alaska----------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 25, 1963-Dec. 11, 1968

    Bayard, Thomas F., Jr

        Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10, 1923-Dec. 13, 1927

    Bayh, Birch E

        Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

    Aug. 2, 1972-Jan. 2, 1981

    Beck, James B

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1877-May 3, 1890

    Bellmon, Henry L

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

    Benet, Christie

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    July 11, 1918-Nov. 5, 1918

    Bennett, Robert F

        Utah------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 3, 1995-

    Berry, James H

        Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

    May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1907

    Bible, Alan H

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-Dec. 17, 1974

    Bingham, Hiram

        Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1926-Mar. 3, 1933

    Blackburn, Joseph C.S

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    May 27, 1890-Mar. 3, 1897

    Blaine, James G

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 6, 1876-Mar. 18, 1881

    Boggs, J. Caleb

        Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1973

    Bond, Christopher S

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 5, 1991-

    Booth, Newton

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

    Bourne, Jonathan, Jr

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Boxer, Barbara

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 7, 1999

    Bratton, Sam G

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1928-June 24, 1933

    Brice, Calvin S

        Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1897

    Bridges, H. Styles

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 26, 1961

    Brooke, Edward W

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1979

    Brooks, C. Wayland

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1949

    Broussard, Edwin S

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10, 1923-Mar. 3, 1933

    Bryan, Nathan P

        Florida---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

    Buckalew, Charles R

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10, 1868-Mar. 3, 1869

    Bumpers, Dale

        Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 27, 1978-Jan. 6, 1999

    Burdick, Quentin N

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 11, 1977-Sept. 8, 1992

    Burke, Edward R

        Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1941

    Burkett, Elmer J

        Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

    Burns, Conrad

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    Burton, Harold H

        Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1943-Sept. 30, 1945

    Byrd, Robert C

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-

    Byrnes, James F

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-July 8, 1941

    C

    Calder, William M

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Sept. 3, 1918-May 28, 1919

    Call, Wilkinson

        Florida---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10, 1883-Mar. 3, 1897

    Cameron, Ralph H

        Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1925-Mar. 3, 1927

    Campbell, Ben Nighthorse

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    Oct. 12, 1995-

    Carey, Robert D

        Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

    Carter, Thomas H

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1901

    Case, Clifford P

        New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1962-Jan. 2, 1979

    Chamberlain, George E

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-May 28, 1919

    Chavez, Dennis

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 6, 1947

    May 26, 1948-Nov. 18, 1962

    Chiles, Lawton M., Jr

        Florida---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1973-Jan. 2, 1989

    Clay, Alexander S

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    June 21, 1906-Nov. 13, 1910

    Clements, Earle C

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1957

    Cochran, Thad

        Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-

    Cockrell, Francis M

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1905

    Cohen, John S

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    Apr. 25, 1932-Jan. 11, 1933

    Cole, Cornelius

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1873

    Conkling, Roscoe

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

    Conrad, Kent

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Sept. 18, 1992-Jan. 7, 1993

    Coolidge, Marcus A

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1937

    Copeland, Royal S

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1927-June 17, 1938

    Cordon, Guy

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 18, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

    Cotton, Norris

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1962-Dec. 31, 1974

    Craig, Larry

        Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    Culberson, Charles A

        Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1923

    Cullom, Shelby M

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 22, 1909

    Curtis, Charles

        Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 4, 1913

    Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 3, 1929

    D

    D'Amato, Alfonse M

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1995

    Dale, Porter H

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-Oct. 6, 1933

    Daniel, John W

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 18, 1901-June 29, 1910

    Davis, Henry G

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1883

    Davis, James J

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-Mar. 9, 1933

    Dawes, Henry L

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1893

    DeConcini, Dennis W

        Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

    DeWine, Mike

        Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 25, 2001-

    Dickinson, L.J

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1937

    Dillingham, William P

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-Sept. 3, 1918

    Dirksen, Everett M

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 20, 1959

    Dixon, Joseph M

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Dodd, Thomas J

        Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 10, 1961

    Dorgan, Byron

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    Domenici, Pete V

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 3, 1983-

    Dorsey, Stephen W

        Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 13, 1874-Mar. 3, 1879

    Doxey, Wall

        Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1943

    Duffy, F. Ryan

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 2, 1939

    Durbin, Richard

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1999-

    Durkin, John A

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 23, 1979-Dec. 29, 1980

    Dworshak, Henry C

        Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1949

    Jan. 13, 1953-July 23, 1962

    E

    Eagleton, Thomas F

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1973-Feb. 21, 1985

    Eaton, William W

        Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 19, 1875

    Mar. 9, 1877-Dec. 5, 1878

    Mar. 19, 1879-Mar. 3, 1881

    Ecton, Zales N

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1953

    Edmunds, George F

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 8, 1870-Dec. 6, 1872

    Elkins, Stephen B

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1904-Jan. 4, 1911

    Ellender, Allen J

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1949-July 27, 1972

    F

    Faircloth, Lauch

        North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1997-Jan. 6, 1999

    Farwell, Charles B

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 12, 1887-Mar. 3, 1891

    Faulkner, Charles J

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1899

    Feinstein, Dianne

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 3, 1995

    Jan. 7, 1999-

    Ferguson, Homer J

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1955

    Fessenden, William P

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 8, 1869-Sept. 9, 1869

    Fong, Hiram L

        Hawaii----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

    Foster, Murphy J

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1913

    Fowler, Wyche, Jr

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1993

    G

    Gallinger, Jacob H

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 1, 1903-Aug. 17, 1918

    Gamble, Robert J

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Garn, Jake

        Utah------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1993

    Gay, Edward J

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1921

    Glass, Carter

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 13, 1920-May 28, 1946

    Glenn, Otis F

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Apr. 22, 1929-Dec. 14, 1931

    Gorman, Arthur P

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1899

    Dec. 18, 1905-June 4, 1906

    Gorton, Slade

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 5, 1991-Jan. 3, 2001

    Gramm, Phil

        Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1989-Oct. 12, 1995

    Grammar, Elijah S

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 8, 1932-Mar. 3, 1933

    Grassley, Charles E

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1987-Feb. 5, 1991

    Green, Theodore F

        Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1937-Jan. 10, 1949

    Gregg, Judd

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 3, 1995-

    Grimes, James W

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 6, 1869

    Gronna, Asle J

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1921

    Gurney, Chan

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 2, 1951

    Guthrie, James

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Feb. 7, 1868

    H

    Hale, Eugene

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 3, 1911

    Hale, Frederick

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-Jan. 2, 1941

    Hardwick, Thomas W

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1919

    Harkin, Tom

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 21, 1985-

    Harris, William J

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-Apr. 18, 1932

    Hatfield, Mark O

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1997

    Hayden, Carl T

        Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1969

    Hemenway, James A

        Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 3, 1909

    Hill, J. Lister

        Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1949-Jan. 2, 1969

    Hitchcock, Herbert E

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1937-Nov. 8, 1938

    Holland, Spessard L

        Florida---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1971

    Hollings, Ernest F

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 28, 1971-

    Holman, Rufus C

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 2, 1945

    Howe, Timothy O

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 8, 1869

    Hruska, Roman L

        Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 20, 1959-Dec. 27, 1976

    Huddleston, Walter D

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1985

    Humphrey, Hubert H

        Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1961-Dec. 29, 1964

    Hutchison Kay Bailey

        Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1997-

    I

    Inouye, Daniel K

        Hawaii----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 28, 1971-

    Ives, Irving M

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    May 22, 1957-Jan. 2, 1959

    J

    Javits, Jacob K

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Aug. 8, 1962-Feb. 25, 1963

    Jan. 16, 1967-Jan. 14, 1969

    Jeffords, James M

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1995-Jan. 2, 1997

    Johnson, Lyndon B

        Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 22, 1956-Jan. 3, 1961

    Johnson, Tim

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001

    July 10, 2001-

    Johnston, J. Bennett

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 17, 1975-Jan. 2, 1997

    Jones, Andrieus A

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    June 2, 1920-Dec. 20, 1927

    Jones, Wesley L

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-Nov. 19, 1932

    K

    Kasten, Robert W., Jr

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

    Kean, John

        New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 22, 1909-Mar. 3, 1911

    Kefauver, C. Estes

        Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-Aug. 10, 1963

    Kendrick, John B

        Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1925-Nov. 3, 1933

    Kenyon, William S

        Iowa------------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1917-Feb. 24, 1922

    Kerrey, J. Robert

        Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 2, 1989-Jan. 2, 1997

    Keyes, Henry W

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 5, 1922-Jan. 2, 1937

    Kilgore, Harley M

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1949-Feb. 28, 1956

    Knowland, William F

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 10, 1949

    July 26, 1949-Jan. 2, 1959

    Kohl, Herb

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    Kuchel, Thomas H

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 20, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

    Kyl, Jon

        Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1999-Jan. 25, 2001

    June 6, 2001-July 10, 2001

    L

    Landrieu, Mary

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 25, 2001-June 6, 2001

    July 10, 2001-

    Lautenberg, Frank R

        New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 21, 1985-Jan. 3, 2001

    Laxalt, Paul

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 18, 1974-Jan. 23, 1975

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1987

    Lea, Luke

        Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1917

    Leahy, Patrick J

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 11, 1977-

    Lenroot, Irvine L

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 16, 1922-Mar. 3, 1927

    Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 16, 1938-Feb. 3, 1944

    Logan, John A

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

    Lumpkin, Alva M

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    July 31, 1941-Aug. 1, 1941

    M

    Mack, Connie

        Florida---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-Jan. 2, 2001

    Magnuson, Warren G

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1981

    Mahone, William

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 13, 1885-Mar. 3, 1887

    Maloney, Francis T

        Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 16, 1945

    Mansfield, Michael J

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 25, 1963-Jan. 2, 1977

    Martin, Thomas S

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 8, 1910-Nov. 12, 1919

    Mathias, Charles McC., Jr

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 5, 1981

    Mattingly, Mack F

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1987

    Maybank, Burnet R

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

    Jan. 10, 1949-Sept. 1, 1954

    McAdoo, William Gibbs

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 3, 1935-Nov. 8, 1938

    McCarran, Patrick A

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-Sept. 28, 1954

    McCarthy, Joseph R

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 15, 1951-May 21, 1951

    Jan. 14, 1952-May 2, 1957

    McClellan, John L

        Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1949-Nov. 28, 1977

    McClure, James A

        Idaho-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1991

    McConnell, Mitch

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    McGee, Gale W

        Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1977

    McKellar, Kenneth D

        Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10, 1923-Jan. 2, 1953

    McKinley, William B

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Apr. 18, 1921-Dec. 7, 1926

    McMillan, James

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 7, 1902-Aug. 10, 1902

    Mead, James M

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1941-Jan. 2, 1947

    Melcher, John

        Montana---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    Mikulski, Barbara A

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1987-

    Monroney, A. S. Mike

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1959-Jan. 2, 1969

    Montoya, Joseph

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 2, 1977

    Morrill, Lot M

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Mar. 3, 1869

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    Dec. 6, 1872-July 7, 1876

    Morrison, Cameron

        North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1931-Dec. 4, 1932

    Mundt, Karl E

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 29, 1971

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 2, 1973

    Murdock, Abe

        Utah------------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 28, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

    Murphy, Edward J

        New York--------------------------------------------------------

    May 11, 1897-Mar. 3, 1899

    Murray, Patty

        Washington------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 7, 1993-

    N

    Neely, Matthew M

        West Virginia---------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 10-1923-Mar. 9, 1925

    Newberry, Truman H

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-Nov. 18, 1922

    Nickles, Don

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1987-Jan. 2, 1995

    Nixon, George S

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-June 5, 1912

    Norbeck, Peter

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-Dec. 20, 1936

    Nye, Gerald P

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1927-Jan. 2, 1945

    O

    Oddie Tasker L

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1927-Mar. 3, 1933

    Oliver, George T

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Aug. 8, 1912-Mar. 3, 1917

    O'Mahoney, Joseph C

        Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1934-Jan. 2, 1953

    Overman, Lee S

        North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 8, 1910-Dec. 12, 1930

    Overton, John H

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-May 14, 1948

    Owen, Robert L

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Dec. 10, 1923

    P

    Pastore, John O

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 9, 1957-Dec. 28, 1976

    Patterson, Roscoe C

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1934-Jan. 2, 1935

    Peace, Roger C

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Aug. 7, 1941-Nov. 4, 1941

    Pearson, James B.

        Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1969-Jan. 29, 1971

    Percy, Charles H

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 29, 1971-Jan. 2, 1972

    Feb. 23, 1972-Jan. 12, 1973

    Perkins, George C

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1915

    Pettigrew, Richard F

        South Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 30, 1895-Mar. 3, 1901

    Phipps, Lawrence C

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-Mar. 3, 1931

    Pine, W. B

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    Apr. 22, 1929-Mar. 3, 1931

    Plumb, Preston B

        Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Dec. 20, 1891

    Pollock, William P

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

    Pool, John

        North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    Potter, Charles E

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1959

    Proctor, Redfield

        Vermont---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 17, 1907-Mar. 4, 1908

    Proxmire, William

        Wisconsin-------------------------------------------------------

    Aug. 23, 1963-Jan. 2, 1989

    Q

    Quay, Matthew S

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 30, 1895-Dec. 15, 1899

    Dec. 18, 1901-May 28, 1904

    R

    Ransom, Matt W

        North Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 18, 1881-Mar. 13, 1885

    Reed, Clyde

        Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 14, 1943-Nov. 8, 1949

    Reed, Jack

        Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

    July 10, 2001-

    Reid, Harry

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1987-

    Riegle, Donald W

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    Robertson, A. Willis

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1949-July 26, 1949

    Jan. 12, 1950-Jan. 15, 1951

    May 21, 1951-Dec. 30, 1966

    Robinson, Joseph T

        Arkansas--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1915-Sept. 9, 1918

    Rudman, Warren

        New Hampshire---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-Jan. 2, 1993

    Russell, Richard B

        Georgia---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1933-Jan. 21, 1971

    S

    Saltonstall, Leverett

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1967

    Sarbanes, Paul

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1977-Feb. 11, 1977

    Sargent, Aaron A

        California------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1873-Mar. 3, 1879

    Sasser, James R

        Tennessee-------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 11, 1977-Jan. 2, 1995

    Sawyer, Frederick A

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1873

    Schmitt, Harrison

        New Mexico------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 23, 1979-Jan. 2, 1983

    Schoeppel, Andrew F

        Kansas----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 13, 1961-Jan. 21, 1962

    Schweiker, Richard S

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 12, 1973-Jan. 2, 1981

    Sewell, William J

        New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

    May 11, 1897-Dec. 27, 1901

    Shafroth, John F

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1913-Mar. 3, 1919

    Shelby, Richard C

        Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 4, 1995-

    Sherman, Lawrence Y

        Illinois--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

    Smith, John Walter

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1921

    Smith, Marcus A

        Arizona---------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 12, 1917-Mar. 3, 1921

    Smith, Margaret Chase

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 13, 1953-Jan. 2, 1973

    Smoot, Reed

        Utah------------------------------------------------------------

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1933

    Specter, Arlen

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 5, 1981-

    Spencer, Selden P

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    May 28, 1919-May 16, 1925

    Sprague, William

        Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 3, 1875

    Steiwer, Frederick

        Oregon----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1930-Jan. 31, 1938

    Stennis, John C

        Mississippi-----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 11, 1955-Jan. 2, 1989

    Stevens, Ted

        Alaska----------------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 23, 1972-

    Stevenson, John W

        Kentucky--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 9, 1875

    Stewart, William M

        Nevada----------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 17, 1891-Mar. 15, 1893

    Stockton, John P

        New Jersey------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 8, 1869-Mar. 10, 1871

    T

    Taft, Robert A

        Ohio------------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1939-Jan. 21, 1941

    Teller, Henry M

        Colorado--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 15, 1893-Mar. 3, 1909

    Thomas, Elmer

        Oklahoma--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 14, 1931-Jan. 2, 1951

    Thye, Edward J

        Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 15, 1951-Jan. 2, 1959

    Tillman, Benjamin R

        South Carolina--------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1899-July 3, 1918

    Townsend, Charles E

        Michigan--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1915-Mar. 12, 1917

    Townsend, John G., Jr

        Delaware--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1933-Jan. 2, 1941

    Truman, Harry S

        Missouri--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 3, 1935-Jan. 18, 1945

    Tydings, Millard E

        Maryland--------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 6, 1932-Jan. 10, 1949

    U

    Underwood, Oscar W

        Alabama---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 13, 1915-June 2, 1920

    W

    Wallace, William A

        Pennsylvania----------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 9, 1875-Mar. 9, 1877

    Dec. 5, 1878-Mar. 3, 1881

    Warren, Francis E

        Wyoming---------------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1899-Nov. 24, 1929

    Weeks, John W

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Sept. 3, 1918-Mar. 3, 1919

    Weicker, Lowell P., Jr

        Connecticut-----------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 22, 1977-Jan. 2, 1989

    West, J. Rodman

        Louisiana-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 3, 1877

    Wetmore, George P

        Rhode Island----------------------------------------------------

    Dec. 15, 1899-Mar. 3, 1907

    May 1, 1911-Mar. 3, 1913

    Wherry, Kenneth S

        Nebraska--------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 18, 1945-Nov. 29, 1951

    White, Wallace H., Jr

        Maine-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 21, 1941-Jan. 6, 1947

    Willis, Raymond E

        Indiana---------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 10, 1945-Jan. 2, 1947

    Wilson, Henry

        Massachusetts---------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 7, 1867-Dec. 8, 1870

    Windom, William

        Minnesota-------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 10, 1871-Mar. 14, 1881

    Withers, Robert E

        Virginia--------------------------------------------------------

    Mar. 19, 1875-Mar. 3, 1881

    Y

    Yarborough, Ralph

        Texas-----------------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 8, 1965-Jan. 2, 1971

    Young, Milton R

        North Dakota----------------------------------------------------

    Jan. 6, 1947-Jan. 2, 1981

    NOTE.--From 1789 until 1933, the terms of the President and Vice President
    and the term of the Congress coincided, beginning on March 4 and ending on
    March 3. This changed when the 20th amendment to the Constitution was
    adopted in 1933. Beginning in 1934 the convening date for Congress became
    January 3, and beginning in 1937 the starting date for the Presidential
    term became January 20.
    The Committee Rooms

    The Senate Committee on Appropriations originally occupied rooms on the
    second floor of the Capitol, Rooms S-219 and S-219A, which are now used by
    the official reporters of debates. In 1911, the committee moved downstairs
    into what are now rooms S-127, S-128, and S-129. The move downstairs
    coincided with Francis E. Warren's shift from chairing the Military Affairs
    Committee, which had previously occupied S-128 and S-129, to chairing
    Appropriations. Thus, on that occasion, the chairman retained the same
    office space, while the committees moved. Appropriations has utilized these
    quarters ever since, with the addition of adjacent rooms S-125, S-126, S-
    130, and S-131.

    Outside, over the entrance to the reception room, S-128, is a fresco
    entitled Bellona, Goddess of War, chosen because at the time it was being
    painted the Committee on Military Affairs occupied the room. Captain
    Montgomery C. Meigs of the Army Corps of Engineers, who oversaw
    construction of the new Senate and House wings of the Capitol in the 1850s,
    hired artist Constantino Brumidi to decorate the rooms. Brumidi, who
    arrived in the United States from Italy in 1852, had experience painting
    frescoes in Rome. He prepared designs and supervised the decoration of many
    parts of the Capitol from the 1850s until his death in 1880. Other notable
    examples of his work in the Capitol appear in the Rotunda and in the
    ornately decorated corridors on the first floor of the Senate wing known as
    the Brumidi Corridors. Brumidi was working on the frieze in the Capitol
    dome at the time he died.

    Today, one can still enjoy the full beauty of the reception room's
    decorations, all in a military motif. Five frescoed lunettes by Brumidi,
    depicting scenes from the Revolutionary War, dominate the upper walls. The
    scenes are entitled Storming at Stony Point, 1779; Washington at Valley
    Forge, 1778; Battle of Lexington, 1775; Boston Massacre, 1770; and Death of
    General Wooster, 1777. These frescoes are attractively set off above plain
    painted panels of dark green (which were probably originally blue and have
    become discolored with age). Between the panels are six pilasters painted
    by artist James Leslie in 1857 that show trophy weapons and military
    equipment of various historical periods, including swords, belts, shields,
    pistols, pikes, trumpets, powder horns, helmets, flags, battle-axes,
    muskets, and picks. The ceiling is ornately and symmetrically decorated
    with small scenes related to the Revolutionary War, such as the death of
    General Montgomery. Around these images are cherubs, wreaths, flowers,
    arabesques, garlands, shields, and bundles of fasces. A large goldleaf
    mirror, designed for the room in 1859, occupies the center of one end of
    the room. It is decorated at the top with a shield with the Stars and
    Stripes and models of an artillery piece, drums, muskets, and pikes. From
    the ceiling is suspended a large crystal chandelier that replaces the
    original bronze gaslighted fixture.

    The main committee room in the Capitol, S-127, located to the north of the
    reception room, was formerly occupied by the Committee on Naval Affairs.
    The decoration is in a style derived from the remains of ancient Roman wall
    paintings in the baths of Titus and the excavations of Pompeii. As
    originally designed by Brumidi, the walls were to be filled with depictions
    of U.S. naval battles, and later with illusionistic porticoes. Because of
    dissatisfaction with the artists who were to have carried out the work,
    only one was ever completed. The ceiling is painted in fresco and tempera
    and is highly ornate, dominated by seven Roman gods and goddesses of the
    sea, together with ``America'' in the form of an Indian woman. Interspersed
    throughout are scenes of mermaids and centaurs, eagles, Indians, and
    settlers. The walls are painted in oil and are divided into nine panels of
    maidens in flowing robes with various naval instruments--a compass, a map,
    a telescope, and other nautical objects. Three crystal chandeliers
    installed in the twentieth century complete the arrangement. Of particular
    interest to visitors is the 30-foot conference table that dominates the
    room, at which each member has a designated place. The room is carpeted in
    a rich red pattern studded with gold stars. A prize-winning restoration of
    the room, carried out between 1978 and 1982, included repainting some
    damaged areas of the walls and removing bookcases and other objects that
    detracted from its appearance. A glass panel in the outer door enables
    members of the public to view this beautiful room when it is not in use.

    The smaller room adjoining the committee's reception room, S-129, was
    assigned to the Committee on the Library at the time Brumidi painted the
    ceiling frescoes in 1875. The design therefore represents allegorical
    figures of science, architecture, sculpture, and painting. Of special note
    is a sculpture which depicts a completed bust of author Washington Irving.
    After the ceiling was completed, the walls of the room remained undecorated
    for many years. Not until 1910 did Carl Rakemann, whose father had worked
    with Brumidi, complete the decoration of the room. Rakemann, born in
    Washington, DC, in 1878, had studied in Europe and had exhibited at the
    Corcoran Gallery of Art. Since the room was used by the Military Affairs
    Committee at the time he worked, he chose a motif in keeping with the
    adjoining reception room, painting four lunettes containing portraits of
    outstanding Revolutionary generals with historic flags.

    The oval portrait in the east lunette shows General George Washington,
    flanked by helmets and military weapons of the time and flags of the
    colonial period--the Grand Union flag and a flag of the Revolutionary
    period of 1777. In the lunette to the south is a portrait of General Joseph
    Warren, a physician who, at the age of 34, was killed at Bunker Hill. On
    either side of the portrait are the Bunker Hill flag of 1775-1777 and the
    Pine Tree flag of the same period. On the west side of the room, the
    lunette contains a portrait of General ``Mad'' Anthony Wayne, hero of the
    victory at Stony Point. His portrait is flanked by the Massachusetts flag
    of the period between 1775 and 1777 and the Rattle Snake flag of the same
    period, with the famous inscribed warning: ``Don't tread on me.'' The north
    lunette contains a portrait of General Horatio Gates. On the right is the
    Liberty flag of 1775-1777, and on the left an American flag of 1818.

    Four less elaborately decorated rooms complete the committee's suite. These
    include S-125, used for more than 40 years by the Committee on the
    Judiciary before being transferred to Appropriations in 1947, and S-126,
    assigned to Judiciary for 90 years until 1947. The original murals and
    frescoes in this latter room have disappeared; the present ceiling design
    was painted in the twentieth century, and the room underwent extensive
    renovation in 1992 and 1995. Room S-130, used during several periods by the
    Committee on the Library and from 1933 to 1941 by the majority leader, was
    assigned to Appropriations in 1943, as was Room S-131, also previously used
    by the majority leader. A lunette in the corridor over the door to S-131
    contains an 1875 fresco by Brumidi titled Authority Consults the Written
    Law, designed for the Committee on Revision of the Laws, which occupied the
    room at the time. In September 1996 the Senate designated S-131 as the
    ``Mark Hatfield Room.''
                        Staff Directors to the Committee

    Amos Pickard

    March 9, 1867-November 30, 1872.

    W. C. Thompkins

    December 1, 1872-March 30, 1873.

    Thomas P. Cleaves

    December 1, 1873-August 10, 1910.

    Kennedy F. Rea

    November 1, 1910-April 30, 1911.

    Joseph A. Breckons

    April 30, 1911-March 15, 1913.

    Kennedy F. Rea

    March 16, 1913-November 28, 1938.

    Everard H. Smith

    December 1, 1938-December 30, 1965.

    Thomas J. Scott

    January 1, 1966-July 1, 1973.

    James R. Calloway

    July 1, 1973-December 31, 1979.

    W. Featherstone Reid

    January 27, 1979-January 2, 1981.

    J. Keith Kennedy

    January 5, 1981-January 6, 1987.

    Francis J. Sullivan

    January 6, 1987-January 3, 1989.

    James H. English

    January 3, 1989-January 4, 1995.

    J. Keith Kennedy

    January 4, 1995-January 7, 1997.

    Steven J. Cortese

    January 7, 1997-June 6, 2001.

    Terrence E. Sauvain

    June 6, 2001-
    Standing Rules of the Senate Relating to Appropriations

    RULE XVI--APPROPRIATIONS AND AMENDMENTS TO GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS

    1. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendments shall be received
    to any general appropriation bill the effect of which will be to increase
    an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add a new item of
    appropriation, unless it be made to carry out the provisions of some
    existing law, or treaty stipulation, or act or resolution previously passed
    by the Senate during that session; or unless the same be moved by direction
    of the Committee on Appropriations or of a committee of the Senate having
    legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter, or proposed in pursuance of
    an estimate submitted in accordance with law.

    2. The Committee on Appropriations shall not report an appropriation bill
    containing amendments to such bill proposing new or general legislation or
    any restriction on the expenditure of the funds appropriated which proposes
    a limitation not authorized by law if such restriction is to take effect or
    cease to be effective upon the happening of a contingency, and if an
    appropriation bill is reported to the Senate containing amendments to such
    bill proposing new or general legislation or any such restriction, a point
    of order may be made against the bill, and if the point is sustained, the
    bill shall be recommitted to the Committee on Appropriations.

    3. All amendments to general appropriation bills moved by direction of a
    committee having legislative jurisdiction of the subject matter proposing
    to increase an appropriation already contained in the bill, or to add new
    items of appropriation, shall, at least one day before they are considered,
    be referred to the Committee on Appropriations, and when actually proposed
    to the bill no amendment proposing to increase the amount stated in such
    amendment shall be received on a point of order made by any Senator.

    4. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment offered by any
    other Senator which proposes general legislation shall be received to any
    general appropriation bill, nor shall any amendment not germane or relevant
    to the subject matter contained in the bill be received; nor shall any
    amendment to any item or clause of such bill be received which does not
    directly relate thereto; nor shall any restriction on the expenditure of
    the funds appropriated which proposes a limitation not authorized by law be
    received if such restriction is to take effect or cease to be effective
    upon the happening of a contingency; and all questions of relevancy of
    amendments under this rule, when raised, shall be submitted to the Senate
    and be decided without debate; and any such amendment or restriction to a
    general appropriation bill may be laid on the table without prejudice to
    the bill.

    5. On a point of order made by any Senator, no amendment, the object of
    which is to provide for a private claim, shall be received to any general
    appropriation bill, unless it be to carry out the provisions of an existing
    law or a treaty stipulation, which shall be cited on the face of the
    amendment.

    6. When a point of order is made against any restriction on the expenditure
    of funds appropriated in a general appropriation bill on the ground that
    the restriction violates this rule, the rule shall be construed strictly
    and, in case of doubt, in favor of the point of order.

    7. Every report on general appropriation bills filed by the Committee on
    Appropriations shall identify with particularity each recommended amendment
    which proposes an item of appropriation which is not made to carry out the
    provisions of an existing law, a treaty stipulation, or an act or
    resolution previously passed by the Senate during that session.

    8. On a point of order made by any Senator, no general appropriation bill
    or amendment thereto shall be received or considered if it contains a
    provision reappropriating unexpended balances of appropriations; except
    that this provision shall not apply to appropriations in continuation of
    appropriations for public works on which work has commenced.
    RULE XXV--STANDING COMMITTEES

    1. The following standing committees shall be appointed at the commencement
    of each Congress, and shall continue and have the power to act until their
    successors are appointed, with leave to report by bill or otherwise on
    matters within their respective jurisdictions:

    * * * * *

    (b) Committee on Appropriations, to which committee shall be referred all
    proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials, and other matters
    relating to the following subjects:

    1 Appropriation of the revenue for the support of the Government, except as
    provided in subparagraph (e).

    2. Rescission of appropriations contained in appropriation Acts (referred
    to in section 105 of title 1, United States Code).

    3. The amount of new spending authority described in section 401(c)(2) (A)
    and (B) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 which is to be effective
    for a fiscal year.

    4. New spending authority described in section 401(c)(2)(C) of the
    Congressional Budget Act of 1974 provided in bills and resolutions referred
    to the committee under section 401(b)(2) of that Act (but subject to the
    provisions of section 401(b)(3) of that Act).
                                 Acknowledgments

          The original publication of this history benefitted from the
     contributions and cooperation of a number of Congressional offices and
     agencies, including the Parliamentarian of the Senate, the Library of
     Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the U.S. Senate
                 Historical Office, and the U.S. Senate Library.

       This update and revision of the original publication also received
       assistance from several Congressional offices, especially the U.S.
        Senate Library, the Congressional Research Service, the General
       Accounting Office, and the U.S. Senate Historical Office. Special
     recognition and appreciation are extended to Ms. Wendy Wolff, formerly
           the historical editor of the U.S. Senate Historical Office.

                                  Bibliography

    Primary Sources:

            Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Files

                               Congressional Globe

                              Congressional Record

    Encyclopedia:

        Bacon, Donald C., Roger H. Davidson, and Morton Keller, eds. The
      Encyclopedia of the United States Congress. New York, 1995. 1:78-82.

     Silbey, Joel, ed. Encyclopedia of the American Legislative System. New
                             York, 1994. 2:1015-31.

    Books:

              Fenno, Richard. The Power of the Purse. Boston, 1966.

                ------. Congressmen in Committees. Boston, 1974.

        Fisher, Louis. Presidential Spending Power. Princeton, NJ, 1975.

        Hayes, George H. The Senate of the United States. New York, 1960.

        Horn, Stephen. Unused Power: The Work of the Senate Committee on
                      Appropriations. Washington, DC, 1970.

    Kiewiet, D. Roderick, and Mathew D. McCubbins. The Logic of Delegation.
                                 Chicago, 1991.

    Ott, John J., and Attiat F. Ott. Federal Budget Policy. Washington, DC,
                                      1965.

          Penner, Rudolph, and Alan J. Abramson. Broken Purse Strings:
                 Congressional Budgeting. Washington, DC, 1988.

            Schick, Allen. Congress and Money. Washington, DC, 1980.

    Smithies, Arthur. The Budgetary Process in the United States. New York,
                                      1955.

            Stewart, Charles. Budget Reform Politics. New York, 1989.

      Wildavsky, Aaron. The Politics of the Budgetary Process. Boston,1984.

     ------. The New Politics of the Budgetary Process. Glenview, IL, 1988.

         Wolanin, Barbara. Constantino Brumidi: Artist of the Capitol.
                              Washington, DC, 1998.

    ELECTRONIC

      U.S. Congress. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,
                   1774-present. http://bioguide.congress.gov.

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